Phoebe Campbell Q2023 >> This study utilised 20 strength-trained AAS users aged 25+-5 years, 20 age-matched strengthtrained non-AAS users and 10 sedentary controls that were enrolled in the cross-sectional study. The methodology included a blood sample being collected in the morning between 8 am and 10 am after 12 hours of fasting and after 30 minutes of resting for lipid assessment. Table 2 shows that individuals using Anabolic Androgenic steroids (AAS) have significantly lower levels of HDL-C and HDL-phospholipids compared with AAS non-users and sedentary controls, while triglyceride levels appear to be higher in AAS users. The results are statistically significant with a p value of 0.04. This study spanned the duration of 12 weeks in which 32 healthy Wistar rats were randomly separated into four groups that were administered vehicle, nandrolone decanoate, taurine or a combination of all three. Table 4 shows that the administration of nandrolone decanoate, taurine, or their combination in experimental groups resulted in significantly altered lipid profiles compared to the vehicle group, with changes observed in total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-C, and LDL-C levels. The differences in all lipid parameters were statistically significant, p<0.02, indicating the impact of these substances on lipid metabolism. Adverse effect of the anabolic–androgenic steroid mesterolone on cardiac remodeling and lipoprotein profile is attenuated by aerobic exercise training Chronic Users of Supraphysiological Doses of Anabolic Androgenic Steroids Develop Hematological and Serum Lipoprotein Profiles That Are Characteristic of High Cardiovascular Risk (Fontana et al., 2008) Units = mg/dL Replicates = 24 Have three weeks of Control AAS user (Souto Maior et al., 2011) Replicates = 44 p values Sedentary Exercise Sedentary Exercise Total cholesterol 83 98 110 106 <0.001 Triglycerides 96 63 137 82 <0.001 HDL-C 41 65 43 76 <0.001 LDL-C 19 19 41 18 <0.001 Rest - Control Res- AAS User Post-exercise: Control Post-exercise: AAS p value Total cholesterol 164 196 161 179 <0.001 Triglycerides 70 111 73 104 <0.001 HDL-C 51 35 54 38 <0.001 LDL-C 102 139 99 146 <0.001 TABLE 5: Chronic Users of Supraphysiological Doses of Anabolic Androgenic Steroids Develop Hematological and Serum Lipoprotein Profiles That Are Characteristic of High Cardiovascular Risk TABLE 3: Adverse effect of the anabolic–androgenic steroid mesterolone on cardiac remodeling and lipoprotein profile is attenuated by aerobic exercise training Spanning a 12-week duration, 24 adult mice that were 2 months old were randomly allocated into four groups, each comprising 6 mice. A control was included with no added AAS that involved sedentary and exercised cohorts. During the 6 weeks of their respective training or sedentary periods, the experimental groups – both sedentary and exercised – were administered with the AAS mesterolone. The exercised mice underwent an intensive 6-week regimen of exercise training, systematically implemented across 5 days of every week. Table 3 shows that rats with AAS had significantly higher cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL-C than the control. Rats with AAS who were sedentary had higher cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C and lower HDL-C than AAS users who exercised. All results are statistically significant, with p<0.001. Lipid Profile Changes Induced by Chronic Administration of Anabolic Androgenic Steroids and Taurine (Rosca et al., 2019) Replicates = 35 *Classified as an amino acid This study included 22 adult male subjects that were immersed in a routine of regular engagement encompassing both strength training and low-level aerobic exercises for 12 weeks. The selected cohort was characterised by their status as non-smokers, abstaining from alcohol, and devoid of any illicit drug use. Crucially, every AAS user within the cohort boasted an extensive history of self-administering anabolic-androgenic steroids for a duration surpassing 5 years. Table 5 shows that AAS users have significantly elevated total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. In stark contrast, their high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels remained notably subdued, both during resting states and subsequent to exercise. This disparity between the AAS user group and their non-AAS-using counterparts exhibits a statistical significance with p <0.001. Reduced High-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol in Power Athletes: Use of Male Sex Hormone Derivates, an Atherogenic Factor Nandrolone decanoate Taurine* Combination group p value Total cholesterol 58.83 57.54 60.44 58.33 0.01 (Alén and Rahkila, 1984) Units = mmol/L Replicates = 7 Triglycerides 56.33 85.15 63.22 60.24 0.02 Initial After 8 weeks of AAS use p value HDL-C 46 33.9 44.33 37.33 0.01 1.47 0.67 LDL-C 20.04 20.67 23.53 21.1 <0.001 Vehicle HDL-C <0.001 TABLE 6: Reduced High-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol in Power Athletes: Use of Male Sex Hormone Derivates, an Atherogenic Factor TABLE 4: Lipid Profile Changes Induced by Chronic Administration of Anabolic Androgenic Steroids and Taurine 26 QUEENWOOD JOURNAL OF SCIENCE EXTENSION >> VOLUME 2 27