Academic Scholars' Work 2023-2024

Academic Scholars’ Work 2023 - 2024

Introduction Academic Scholars’ Programme The Scholarship Programme at QCL is designed to stretch and challenge our most able pupils. There is a large degree of flexibility within the programme to allow pupils to explore a wide range of topics and demonstrate their creativity and personality. Over the course of their school career, scholars are supported to develop research skills, presentation skills, teamwork, mentoring, and, of course, academic excellence.

All scholars are invited to a range of workshops and trips on a diverse breadth of subjects such as Politics, History of Art and Science Policy to broaden their knowledge and expose them to new ideas. In addition, the major academic scholars in each year group give an educational talk to share their knowledge and build confidence in public speaking.

The work you will see in this magazine comes from the three youngest years at QCL and is a small snapshot of the incredible work that they have produced.

C3 and C2 Scholars (Years 7 and 8) These scholars produce a portfolio of work over the course of a year. This consists of around 20 pieces of work which can be essays, presentations, films, or posters on any topic of their choice. They are helped to manage their time by a senior scholar. Scholars are required to enter Mr Tillett’s Essay Competition plus at least one other competition, which can be internal or external.

C1 Scholars (Years 9) These scholars undertake the Crest Award or the HPQ. These are external qualifications based on a project of the pupils’ choice. The Crest Award is science based and encourages pupils to develop a hypothesis, experiment, and draw conclusions. The HPQ is an essay or artefact based on academic research which the pupils defend in a vivastyle presentation. Scholars are required to enter Mr Tillett’s Essay Competition plus at least one other competition, which can be internal or external.

Nicola Hanger Director of Academic Excellence

Front Cover Artwork by Amani, C3

All About Eye Colour Marnie, C1 The Genealogy of Eye Colour I got interested in the biology of eye colour when I realised that my father, and both of my siblings have blue eyes, but my mother has brown eyes. I was surprised that none of us had brown eyes. I did a little bit of further family research, and discovered that my grandparents on my father’s side had one set of blue eyes and one set of brown eyes; and on my mother’s side, one set of blue eyes, and one set of green eyes. To make things even more mysterious, none of my mother’s three siblings have brown eyes. So, my mother is the only person in three generations of her direct family to have brown eyes. I wanted to understand how it worked.

It turns out that the genetics of eye colour is relatively complicated. Most eyes are either brown or blue. In fact, it is estimated that somewhere between 55% and 80% of the world has brown eyes, around 8-10% have blue eyes, 5%have hazel or amber eyes, 2%have green, and 1%grey.

Your eye colour is determined by the amount of melanin in your iris. The more melanin you have, the darker your eyes will be. Blue eyes have the least amount of melanin (and can be quite sensitive to sun), while brown eyes have the most (and are the most resilient to light). Green and hazel eyes are somewhere in the middle. Melanin is a pigment that provides colour to your hair, skin and eyes. It's produced by cells called melanocytes. The amount of melanin in your iris comes from your genes, and your eye colour is usually passed down from your parents.

According to some scientists, it is believed that anyone with blue eyes can trace their roots back to an individual person who lived thousands of years ago. This person carried a gene mutation that resulted in the production of lower levels of melanin. As time went on, this mutation was passed down through the generations, and today we see it in people all over the world.

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DID Derin, C1 DID, or dissociative identity disorder is a psychological disorder that affects 1.5 to 2% of the global population. It was known as multiple personality disorder, but then changed name in 1994 to be more accurate. It is added to the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders from the American Psychiatric Association in 1980. It is caused by severe childhood trauma for the age of 7 before the personality is fully developed.

DID, where and when did it start?

The first documented case of dissociative identity disorder was in 1584 when 25-yearold Dominican nun called Jeanne Fery was exorcised as they then called it in Mons, France between the years of 1584 to 85. Her exorcists wrote detailed accounts describing identity fragmentation and past history of childhood trauma. Jeanne Fery herself also wrote about her experience, both show symptoms of modern day DID. Later on, a 109-page description of her treatment was published in France. Other studies show identity fragmentation and possible childhood trauma from this era. For example, in 1623 there was an investigation into Sister Benedetta who was from a convent in Italy.

She was said to be possessed by 3 angelic boys who would beat out, causing chronic pain. They would also sometimes take over her body, each speaking a different dialect with specific facial expressions and various tones of voice. She had amnesia for acts done by each of them, for example the sexual relationship one had started with one the other nuns. Like Jeanne Fery, Sister Benedetta suffered from self-harm and eating disorders. She said that one of her angels was frozen at nine years old, which was the same age that Benedetta had lost her father when her symptoms got uncontrollable she was then sent away. Later in 1886, a woman was diagnosed with doubling of the personality.

What’s the difference between DID and other disorders?

Unfortunately, there have been a lot of misconceptions by DID. For example, it is important to note that the DID, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and borderline personality disorder are not the same bipolar disorders are mood disorders. DID, however, has nothing to do with mood. Change in attitude in DID is caused by switching so they are nothing alike.

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Guillain-Barré Syndrome Kitty, C1 Guillain-Barré Syndrome affects the peripheral neurones. It often starts with a tingling in the hands and feet, but can spread, causing paralysis of arm and leg muscles and the muscles that controls breathing. In some cases this can be fatal.

In the early 1990s in rural China every summer many children would be hospitalised with breathing difficulties, an event that had not yet been associated with GBS. Research revealed that the paralysis was brought on by an autoimmune cross-reaction. The children had contracted food poisoning from contaminated water and their immune systems were fighting not only bacteria, but also their own peripheral nervous systems.

To understand GBS, first we need to understand the peripheral nervous system.

Neuromuscular junctions are the synaptic connection between the terminal end of a motor neurone and muscles. They are the sites where action potential is transmitted from nerve to muscle. They ensure that the signals from the brain are communicated to the muscles that control movement. Peripheral nerves contain axons that are extensions of the lower motor neurones. The cell bodies of these neurones are in the spinal cord, which is part of the central nervous system (CNS).

It is important for the impulses sent by the brain, via the spinal cord and peripheral nerves, to reach this meeting point and allow communication with the muscles. Many conditions can interrupt the impulses at any stage along the pathway (see figure 1).

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Sophia, C2

Talia, C2

Meela, C2

Famous Landmarks Mia, C3 Arc de Triomphe The Arc de Triomphe was started to be built on the 15th of August 1806 and was finished 30 years later. It was to celebrate all the many victories of the French army.

Underneath the Arch lies the tomb of the unknown soldier, added in 1921. The Arch is almost 30 metres in height and is surrounded by a busy roundabout and lots of tourists. It stands in France, Paris.

Statue of Liberty The Statue of Liberty represented a Roman Goddess, and the spikes on her crown represent the Oceans and Continents. Her face was modeled on the artist’s mother and it’s a universal symbol of freedom.She stands in upper New York and she is around 130 years old.She also represents hope and equal opportunity and continues to stand until this day.

Tower Bridge Tower Bridge was built on the 21st of June 1886 by a man called John Jackson. It took 8 years, 5 major contractors and the relentless 432 construction workers each day.

Tower Bridge was built around 125 years ago and was built to try ease traffic conditions. As well as maintaining river access to the docks of London. Tower Bridge used to be brown.

Taj Mahal The Taj Mahal was created in Angra, India by an emperor called Shan Jahan for his favourite wife called Mumtaz Mahal. It took 20 years and around 20,000 builders to construct the Taj Mahal.

The Taj Mahal stands on the banks of River Yamuna and is India’s national symbol of love and romance. It’s made out of pure, white marble and has fancy gemstones inside.

Link to the full presentation

Douro Valley Sophia, C3 The beautiful, terraced slopes of the Douro valley, covered in vines, start near Barqueiros, extending to Barca de Alva, and offer one of the most striking manufactured rural landscapes. Until the late 19th century, the river was the major access route inland and the means of transport for produce from the distant interior. The Douro River is the third longest on the Iberian Peninsula, after the Tagus and the Ebro rivers. The river is 897 kilometres in length and the final 22 kilometres are a mesotidal estuary. The river has 5 locks and 15 dams, and the highest lock is at Carrapatelo, about 35 metres of vertical drop, the tallest in Europe. For 120 kilometres, the Douro Valley forms the border with Spain and is the longest border in Europe. The same 120 kilometre stretch of the Douro Valley is the edge of the Douro International Natural Park, created to protect the flora and fauna of the Douro valley region. The Douro River starts in the Sorria province of Spain, flowing from its source near Duruelo de la Sierra across northern-central Spain and Portugal to its outlet at Porto.

Port & Wine Famous for Port, wine, Port wine, river cruises and beautiful terraced vineyards wrapped around the steep curves of the valley, the Douro valley will steal your heart and capture your imagination. A UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation) World Heritage site since 2001, the Douro wine growing area known as Alto Douro has been producing wine by traditional landholders in the Alto Douro region for some 2, 000 years. Since the 18th century, its main product, port wine, has been world famous for its quality. Portugal has over 250 native wine grape varieties with the Douro mostly farming around 13 varieties, including Portugal’s most common local grapes, Touriga Nacional, Tinta Roriz, Touriga Franca, Tinta Cão and Tinta Barroca. The Alto Douro made famous worldwide for Port, today sells as much still wine as it does Port. . The new wave of top Douro wines has also led to a greater focus on the grape varieties that go into Port wine.

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Thorpe Park Georgia, C1 On Tuesday I went to Thorpe Park for their international schools STEAM event. STEAM stands for science, technology, engineering, arts and math’s. The event was opened for 10,000 students between the ages 8-18 from all around England to demonstrate and inspire STEAM. All the students were given a checklist which shows how many stations we have been to around the park, these stations were exciting academic workshops, for every five stations you visited, you were given a free rollercoaster ride. Each of the stations were interactive and fun whilst being educational at the same time, this was a big learning experience. All the stations were different, for example in one of the stations you had to learn the breed of six chickens off the top of your head!

We were asked to split up into groups no smaller than 4 and went around the park visiting all these very different stations. My group was quick to get our initial five stamps and go on our first ride called ‘The Walking Dead’. This ride is an indoor rollercoaster themed on zombies.

During the break for lunch, we had a very interesting talk on the science of roller coasters, we learned that it takes an estimate of four years to build a roller coaster before it opens to the public. To work out the Gravitational Potential Energy of a roller coaster the calculation is mass x gravity x height and then you must square root the sum.

Thorpe Park holds three record breaking coasters, the first one is called ‘Saw’. It has the world’s steepest drop at a 100-degree angle, and it was also the first roller coaster to be based on a horror movie. The next ride is called ‘Colossus’, this was the very first roller coaster to have ten loops within the ride. This world record was only held for 11 years when Alton Towers took over. The last record coaster is called ‘Nemesis Inferno’ which is the only roller coaster to have interlocking corkscrews.

Overall, I had a really great time at Thorpe park and would love to come back soon to learn more about all the roller coasters we did not see. The day was exhilarating, full of fun and created a fully informative day incorporating STEAM into our day trip.

Day and Night Ava, C3 The day Helen fell, the world changed. She brought light to a world which had only ever known the dark. Helen was birthed from an unknown mother and fell from the stars. The baby plummeted for days, until she landed on a cloud, far from the Earth. This child shone. She shone so brightly that she lit up the world that was impossibly far away. The people of this planet rejoiced, as finally the darkness and the cold were over. They called her the sun. Helen floated in the sky, laughing and playing with the clouds. The baby was more beautiful than anyone could imagine. As she grew older, she grew brighter and more beautiful, too. Humans worshiped and thanked Helen for many years.

In return, she would continue to bring light and warmth to them.

Millions of years slipped by, and Helen was now fully grown. She continued to bring light and joy to a generation that had never heard of the night. However, the clouds did not offer much company, and Helen was becoming lonely. Luna was born many years after and prevented Helen from feeling alone. Luna was beautiful, but she did not shine like her mother. Helen loved her baby, as finally she had someone to spend her eternal life with. Luna would grow to a toddler, and Helen still loved her with all her heart. Everything was perfect for a while.

One day, Helen was tending to her duties as the sun, and Luna was chasing the clouds, which was her favourite activity. Luna was told not to stray too far from her mother, but the child stumbled after the cloud anyway. She tumbled through the sky for a while, giggling hysterically. Luna looked around, but the landscape was unfamiliar. The small girl stopped laughing. Instead, she let out a scream. She was lost. Helen had finished her work and was planning to play with her daughter. She supposed that Luna was just outside. Helen strolled out of her floating palace, humming under her breath. It was rare for her to have no work to do, so the grin on her face was plain to see. However, that grin faded when she saw that Luna had disappeared.

Helen called Luna’s name, but no reply followed. She searched for hours, but no trace of Luna was to be found. Helen began to sob, still looking desperately for her child. Luna was many miles away but was wandering further away in an attempt to find her home.

She was crying and shivering, but Luna continued to hobble along. She came across an opening, tearing the fabric of the sky apart. It was giving off a strange light, and even though she was frightened...

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The Creation of Rain Eva, C3 The frail old lady sat on a blanket with a boiling cup of tea clenched in her wrinkled hand.

The young eager faces were staring up at her like the zoo animals at feeding time. " My dears gather round,” she was about to begin, “I am going to tell you a story that will change the way you think, the way you feel, a story of sadness, a story of regret, but first I want you to imagine a boy, a boy that felt different.

The boy was not particularly small; everyone in the village was much taller. Whenever he went to the shops, he would have to stand on a ladder to reach anything, and when he would get home, he would have to sit down because his neck hurt so much from looking up all the time. Sometimes he would even have to scream like a baby for anyone to hear him. It was not just the people that were taller, but the dogs and cats.

By the time of his 13th birthday, he was so fed up with people always looking down at him, that he decided that he would become as tall as he could by climbing everything he could find.

He started by climbing onto the roof of his house. He then climbed on the roofs of other people’s houses. He climbed hills, small cranes, ladders. Until the only thing he had not climbed was the tallest mountain in the country.

This mountain stretched from the ground to the stars, astronauts could see it from space. Ice flowed like melted ice cream from the summit. It was exactly right for his need to be higher, but it was going to be hard to climb. It was flat solid stone on all sides, like the smoothest wall in a house. There was a path to the top, but it was on the windiest side and covered in ice.

This did not stop the boy. With every bit of strength in his body he dragged himself up the mountain, rocks tearing at his skin. He made it, but he had not thought about how to get back down. The ice would make his return impossible.

As he sat and screamed stuck on the top of the mountain, a small drop of water appeared in his eye then the Gods heard him and the goddess of the sky took pity on him and approached him. Her hair was as white as snow and her dress was floating in the breeze. With her smiling face looking at the boy, she asked him a question...

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The Wardrobe of Time Emily, C3 It started when I was 25, and I had just bought a house. The house that changed my life.

I know what you’re thinking; ‘Mark, how can a house change your life?’ If you want to know the answer to that question, well, you’ve come to the right place.

When I bought the house, I did a full inspection. Being a keen reader of detective stories, I kept my eyes peeled for suspicious nooks and crannies. Mainly, though, I was looking for anything that needed some cleaning. I was particularly interested in the fireplace, as I reckoned it was antique. So, being the curious soul that I am, I stuck my head in it and looked up. It was just wood! My detective side kicking in, I assumed it was a distraction.

A beautiful distraction at that! So I ran my hands along the wall, waiting for a dip in the wood. It didn’t come! And here you were, thinking this story was so predictable! I punched the wood in my frustration. Which was probably a bad idea, as the design was full of sharp edges, but guess what! Yes, it was a craftily concealed button! Oh, now I get how this story is predictable. Me being me, I didn’t call the former owners, but I went right ahead and pushed it.

Suddenly, the fireplace creaked and groaned, sliding forward on rusty gears. I stepped through the newly made passageway and gasped. It was a hidden room! Well, really, what was I expecting? The walls were creamy white and were dotted with pictures every now and then. I saw a beautifully crafted wardrobe at the far side of the room. I think it was mahogany, but that’s the only fancy wood name I know, so it might have been a completely different type of wood. Anyway, I opened it and sighed. There were just some different coloured shirts. Who builds a whole entire secret room and just puts clothes in it! Well, I thought to myself, you might as well use them. So I picked the one which was closest to white and went back through the passageway.

After exploring the house, I discovered there was no food in the fridge of cabinets. So I went shopping and wasted 10 minutes of my life making a completely useless shopping list. I stepped out the door and gasped. The houses next to me had disappeared, replaced by shining steel and glass towers. Everyone around me was zooming past on top of a sort of mini-UFO. I rubbed my eyes in disbelief. What was going on! I caught snatches of conversation, from groups hovering in mid-air...

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Diary Entry of Hades Anoushka, C3 Persephone in Hell Dear Diary, I was devastated to learn that Hermes, the messenger of the Gods, Zeus's son, is coming to the Underworld to take my beloved and only niece, Persephone away from me. It is her destiny to be with me, and her mother Demeter, my obsessed sister, is far too possessive and controlling of her.

My rage is still boiling over as I write this. I couldn’t bear the fact that Persephone was so beautiful, yet she was completely out of reach. I had to abduct her from the earthly world she came from; I was desperate, I needed someone, and she was the perfect woman, meant to be mine.

Yes, I get why Demeter is absolutely angered by my behaviour, but she must understand – it's Persephone's time for her to be with me! I will make her see how lonely I was here and how Persephone has made me whole.

That's just great - Hermes has just entered my home and the Underworld without my permission. How dare he? Oh yes, my brother asked Hermes to come here but did he actually ask the ruler of this world for permission? No! These Gods think that they can override me and intrude in my personal space and disregard my emotions. Now here he is, encircling my throne like a vulture about to attack his innocent prey, tearing my heart into shreds as he wrenches my beloved Persephone away from me.

But destiny will prevail, Zeus's decree will bring her back to me; for she has eaten the food of the dead, the pomegranate that her friend and gardener Ascalaphus fed her, knowing this will bind her to us for eternity, will return her to us every second season – her mother will lament with tears of hatred, but she will be mine again!

I hope my plan works perfectly, Diary. I bid you goodnight.

Hades

Ahi and the Sacred Pounamu Matilda, C3 It all started with grandma’s old fable. The sacred pounamu. When I was a six-year-old girl, my grandma would scoop me up in her arms and set me down on her lap as she creaked in her rocking chair. Just like a cat, I would curl up with the fire crackling away three metres away from me. When we were all cosy, she would tell me her favourite story. “Now listen closely, my darling,” she used to start. “The tale of the sacred pounamu is no lie. This happened thousands of years ago, when the food grew abundantly, the sun would always beam, and the sea would sparkle like your mother’s eyes. Yes, New Zealand was a paradise, even more than it is now! When the mighty Ahi would walk the earth. She lived in Wellington, then it was such a simple, quaint little village, and would wear her magic pounamu. Some thought that she was mad to think it had a magical trait, but many thought otherwise. No one knew exactly what it was capable of, but everyone knew it was special. All the non-believers did secretly believe but didn’t want to and tried to deny it as they felt fear. Then, tragedy occurred. Ahi and the sacred pounamu disappeared one morning. No one knew what happened but all the villagers were scandalised and flew into a blind panic. They say that one day, a brave warrior will venture out to find her and the pounamu. Many have tried, but many have failed.”

I miss her. Now I’m thirteen and living with my mother, father, and little brother Kai. He’s so frustrating! The thing is, I secretly believed that I, Kaia (and, yes, I know I have a similar name to my brother), might be the warrior who can find Ahi and the sacred pounamu.

When my brother found out about this, he would not stop teasing me. Now I just need to find his embarrassing secret and use it against him. I’m sick of his antics.

“Why are you not eating your breakfast?” questioned mum. “You have just been staring at it for the past twenty minutes! Do you not like it?” I, truthfully, was just getting anxious. I really wanted to find Ahi and her pounamu. I was bored of waiting. Bored of waiting for seven years! That’s over half my life. I wanted to set out and find them, whatever it took. Then, I started to plot. But, before I could start, mum cleared her throat, and I realised I was just glaring at her blankly. “Oh, no mum. It’s not that. I promise!” I urgently replied. My brother, Kai, started to snicker before grinning at me wildly, knowing what I was thinking. He just opened his mouth when I shot him a stare that could kill an elephant. That shut him up...

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Mythologial Crossword Daisy, C2

Across 1. What is the foreseen downfall of the Gods known as?

2. Hera, Aphrodite and Athena fought over which golden fruit?

3. Naiads are what type of nymph?

4. Which Egyptian God has the head of a falcon?

5. Which creature lives in Nidavellir?

6. Who was Apollo and Zephyrus in love with?

7. What was the name of the wolf who ate Odin?

8. Which nymph was turned into river reeds?

9. Who was the muse of comedic theatre?

See the back cover for answers.

Down 1. Where are Osiris and Hades the Gods of?

2. Which Norse Goddess lives in Helheim?

3. Who did Tantalus cut up and feed to the Gods?

4. Which Egyptian God has an Ibis as their sacred creature?

5. Which tree did Daphne turn into?

6. Who was the Egyptian Goddess of cats?

7. Who animals did Arimanius favour?

8. Who is the primordial Goddess of Night?

9. Which side of a Gorgan can bring the dead back to life?

Book vs. Movie Florence, C2 The Hunger Games ‘The Hunger Games’ is a series of dystopian young adult (YA) novels, that have also been made into films, dealing with the themes of power, violence, love, and rebellion. Set in the future, in what was once North America, the Capital of Panem controls the 12 districts brutally, in punishment for a past revolt. Each district puts forward two children, a girl and a boy, into an annual competition named ‘The Hunger Games’ where they are put into an arena to fight to the death. They determine the tributes during an annual reaping, in which two names are chosen at random. In the first novel, Primrose Everdeen, the heroine’s younger sister is chosen. Immediately, Katniss volunteers, in protection of her sister. Katniss, and a boy named Peeta Mellark, venture off to the Capital, tributes in the 74th Hunger Games. Soon, they find that it is not only people they will have to fight, love and trust are equally as dangerous…

Although the author Suzanne Collins helped direct the film, there were still some differences…

Book

Movie

Example

The book is written from Katniss’s perspective, so we only see what is happening outside the arena before and after the games.

There are no voice-overs so we see things that Katniss would have had no way of knowing. (We can see what is going on outside the games).

When Katniss’s friend, Rue is killed in the arena, we can see district 11’s anger by them rebelling in the film.

Link to the full article

Advertising in TV and Radio Marianne, C1 Radio and television advertising are basically parts of broadcast advertising, which also includes internet advertising. These two types of advertising fall under the category of mass marketing. This is because the national and international audience is able to be reached through it.

So what is radio and television advertising? Radio and television advertising are two different types of electronic forms of advertising. These forms are greatly different in terms of reach and approach. Both aim at getting maximum audience attention but the ways they go about it are different.

You may ask, what are the roles of TV and radio advertising? Well, the roles of broadcast advertising is to tell consumers about the benefits of the product the company is trying to sell.

Let’s focus on TV advertising. A television advertisement, or TV commercial, is a span of television programming that is produced and paid for by an organization. It conveys a message that promotes, and aims to market, a service, product or idea. Over the years, the numbers of TV commercials have increased, while the length has slowly decreased.

TV advertisements have promoted a wide range of items over the years since the early times of television. The first paid official television advertisement came out on July 1,1941 at 2:30 pm over New York station WNTB before a baseball game between the Philadelphia Phillies and the Brooklyn Dodgers. The advertisement was for Bulova watches. The company paid around $4 to $9, but reports vary.

Television advertising involves three main tasks: creating a television advertisement that meets broadcast standards, putting the advertisement on television to reach the wanted customers and then measuring the outcomes of the ads, including the return on investment.

The television industry started considering the impacts of watchers fast-forwarding commercials, after the video cassette recorder became popular around the 1980s. The industry fought this by making the ads more entertaining. The introduction of digital video recorders and services which allowed the recording of television programs into hard drive, enabled users to fast-forward advertisements of recorded programs.

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Dared To Be Different Emmylou, C3 Anna and Rosa Lilja

In the modern world, we have many sporting centres and hospitals that everyone can enjoy. However who started these? Going back in time through four or five generations in my Finnish family, let's have a look at two women who dared to be different as pioneers in the fields of medicine and physical education: Anna and Rosa Lilja who made their mark in Finland's society by overcoming challenges and inspiring others.

First let’s talk about Anna.

Anna Vilhelmina Lilja was born on the 9th March 1876. In the year 1909, she, along with Anna Schreck (and Ms.Petterson and Elin Kallio), founded the Varala Sports Institute in Tampere, Finland which still exists today! It is the oldest sports centre in Finland. The small group of women bought the house together and begun to create the institute. The two (Shreck and Lilja - the main women) were both teachers who worked at the Alexander Elementary School. During this period in the summer holidays, they together lived in the Varala college which they hosted. Lilja's job was to do fundraising work and develop operations whereas Schreck was the 'master of Varala' and did the bookkeeping among other duties. Anna had already completed a seminar in Jyvaskyla but had not finished any training in sports. HOWEVER Lilja strongly believed that doing physical activity was extremely important to upkeep one's health care, culture and the moral education of youth along with recreation itself. This was quite an opinion for women at the time. Anna's idea was that every person in Finland (which includes members of factories where many women worked) should have an introduction to gymnastics and sports in general.

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One Child Policy Chloe, C1 The OCP was introduced in China in 1980 by Deng Xiaoping and it was enforced because of the over-population issue. This policy made it illegal for women in China to give birth to more than one child, It was enforced by the National Health and Family Planning Commission, with a system of fines for violators and often forced abortions.

Civil servants and employees of government-affiliated organisations, including universities, risked losing their jobs if they were found to have had more than one child.

Throughout the duration of this policy the population went from 15million to 10 million per year and 400 million births were “ avoided”. The birth rate in 1980 was 23 babies per 1000 people and by 2000 it had massively dropped to 8 births per 1000 people.

This shows that overall the mission of this policy succeeded but the affects of this drastic change still effect generations to this day for example since there aren’t as many younger and able people living in China this affects the older populations lives as since the majority of the elder people have retired and don’t work for a living it is up to the younger community to work and earn money so they can pay their taxes to the government which aids pensions, since there is a lack of the amount of people able to fulfil those jobs it takes on toll on older generations access to healthcare and living conditions, not to mention it also affects their mental and emotional wellbeing as they might have not legally been allowed to have siblings and more than one child so therefore they might be alone for the rest of their lives with no close family to care for them.

Many opinions also question the morals of this policy, as many women would be forced into abortions if they fell pregnant for a second time and would have no say in the matter. There have been recent efforts to change this huge gap in population since from 2017 the government introduced a two child policy but even this cant solve the ongoing aging crisis, the current situation being since 2021 China has a three-childpolicy. As many families wanted to have a second child they hid it from the government and had unregistered births therefore technically speaking these children didn’t exist which gave the nickname “ the lost children” the result of these births meant that they would not have access to education or healthcare and basic humans recourses.

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Indigenous People’s Rights Olimpia, C3 Brazil Lately in Brazil, indigenous people have gained essential rights, the right to reclaim their land which they had lost when immigrants and other people, not original from the country, took over and started creating businesses and farmlands.

The high court of Brazil (the most important justice function of the country) has voted (with a positive outcome) for Indigenous people to be able to claim land that they had been taken away when people not from the country had taken over. Most of the lands subtracted from the native people have been transformed in industrial or money making structures so it is to be considered that many of those businesses will have to close.

Though it is all nice and well that people shall have their lands back there is also a rule that all of the people claiming the land must have. The people asking need to have been in Brazil on the land since 1988.

Australia In Australia people are beginning to realise that Aboriginal people’s (native people from that country) rights have been overlooked in the last few centuries. Indigenous and Aboriginal people have had (since the British colonised in Australia, 18th Century) a significant decline in their rights. Lands have been deprived from them since, but nowadays is coming up in lots of different topics, the Australians want to put this strait.

They have called upon their parliament to ask if they can put an new system on that would help Aboriginal people’s rights, The Indigenous Voice to Parliament.

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Poetry & Prose The Void Aarya, C3 Ignoring the warnings I downloaded the app. Before I could log in, it asked me for my ‘Location’ however it was by planet. So I entered ‘Earth’. The lights flickered. I couldn’t hear the children playing outside. ‘Dad?’ I screamed; but no reply. I heard a cup smash. I ran to the kitchen. I could feel the glass under my feet but nothing was on the floor. I scrambled outside. The wind was on my face but nothing was swaying.

All I could see was a void. Mum was there. Then she wasn’t. Something stifled my scream. Silence.

If seasons had gardens Amani, C3 Autumn From Autumn’s garden is a sight Fireworks going off left and right Autumn leaves are in the way Lots of colours a whole array Winds so strong you can fly a kite Look it’s gained a lot of height

Spring Spring’s garden is calm and light

By April blossoms are opening not just quite The trees are green by the month of May And in the gentle breeze the branches sway The sky is big and blue and bright Birds are soaring up above in flight

Winter Winter’s garden is bleak and white Snow is falling through the night The flowers are all hidden away They might come back another day Be careful though the frost can bite But if you wear a coat you’ll be alright

Summer Summer’s garden is full of daylight And children screaming with delight With flowers you can make a bouquet Then put it in the garden on display A sweet summer scent fills the air with might As you decide which ice cream is the best and don’t start a fight

Crossword Answers Across: 1. Ragnarok, 2. Apple, 3. Water, 4. Horus, 5.

Dwarfs, 6. Hyacinthus, 7. Fenrir, 8. Syrinx, 9. Thalia Down: 1. Underworld, 2. Hel, 3. Pelops, 4. Thoth, 5.

Baytree, 6. Bastet, 7. Rats, 8. Nyx, 9. Right