OFI June 2020

OILS & FATS INTERNATIONAL JUNE 2020 â–ª VOL 36 NO 5

WWW.OFIMAGAZINE.COM

BLEACHING EARTHS Adsorbents to tackle 3-MCPD Removing metals

PACKAGING Waste not, want not Cover June.indd 1

04/06/2020 15:25:03

CONTENTS

OILS & FATS INTERNATIONAL

IN THIS ISSUE – JUNE 2020

FEATURES

Bleaching Earths

NEWS & EVENTS

Plant, Equipment & Technology

14

Plant & technology listing 2020 OFI features a fully updated global selection of plant and equipment suppliers to the oils and fats industry, accompanied by a chart of company activities

Bleaching Earths

28

Removal of metals Bleaching earths play an important role in removing metal impurities from edible oils

Packaging

Comment

2

Deal on track?

News

4

Glencore makes Vicentin offer

Biofuel News

10 20

Adsorbents to tackle 3-MCPD

With the EU currently looking at legislation to control levels of 3-MCPD esters, bleaching earths play an important role in mitigating this critical process contaminant

25

Profitable SBE disposal Slurrying spent bleaching earth with oil offers a profitable way to dispose of this waste material

Argentine exports come to standstill

Renewable News

12 30

Waste not, want not The hermetic sealing of bottles and jars containing oils and fats ingredients can help reduce waste

More palm oil sales for oleochemicals

Transport News

13

Paraná water levels not likely to improve soon

Diary of Events

31

International events listing

Statistics

32

www.ofimagazine.com

Contents June.indd 1

World statistical data

OFI – JUNE 2020

1

15/06/2020 14:31:51

EDITOR'S COMMENT

OILS & FATS INTERNATIONAL

VOL 36 NO 5 JUNE 2020

EDITORIAL: Editor: Serena Lim serenalim@quartzltd.com +44 (0)1737 855066 Assistant Editor: Gill Langham gilllangham@quartzltd.com +44 (0)1737 855157 SALES: Sales Manager: Mark Winthrop-Wallace markww@quartzltd.com +44 (0)1737 855114 Sales Consultant: Anita Revis anitarevis@quartzltd.com +44 (0)1737 855068 PRODUCTION: Production Editor: Carol Baird carolbaird@quartzltd.com CORPORATE: Managing Director: Tony Crinion tonycrinion@quartzltd.com +44 (0)1737 855164 SUBSCRIPTIONS: Elizabeth Barford subscriptions@quartzltd.com +44 (0)1737 855028 Subscriptions, Quartz House, 20 Clarendon Road, Redhill, Surrey RH1 1QX, UK © 2020, Quartz Business Media ISSN 0267-8853 WWW.OFIMAGAZINE.COM

A member of FOSFA Oils & Fats International (USPS No: 020-747) is published eight times/year by Quartz Business Media Ltd and distributed in the USA by DSW, 75 Aberdeen Road, Emigsville PA 17318-0437.

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2 OFI – JUNE 2020

Comment.indd 1

Deal on track?

There have been conflicting reports in the past few weeks about the level of Chinese purchases of US soyabeans amid growing political tensions between the two nations.

In January, the two countries reached a Phase One deal to end their long-running trade war, with China pledging to buy an extra US$200bn worth of US goods over the next two years, including an additional US$32bn of US agricultural products, soyabeans being key.

However, US President Donald Trump has since criticised Beijing for its Hong Kong security law and handling of the coronavirus pandemic, while reports surfaced in June that Chinese state-owned traders had been ordered to suspend US soyabean purchases.

Why does this matter so much?

In pre-COVID-19 times, having two countries which account for 40% of the global economy at loggerheads was already a key concern.

Now, as the world faces an unforgiving economic slowdown or recession due to coronavirus, relations between the countries matter even more.

So far, Chinese purchases of US soyabeans and other agricultural products are lagging, not surprising given how COVID-19 has hit businesses and demand.

S&P Global Platts’ Andrei Agapi told the first OFI webinar that China’s purchases of US soyabeans had ranged around 8.5M tonnes/month this year (see p6). However, the country would need to buy 14M tonnes/month to meet its trade deal commitments.

Yet political bluster aside, there are indications that all is not lost.

Despite Trump saying on 9 May that he was “very torn” about whether to end the Phase One deal, there have been no further comments from him on the subject.

And while there were reports suggesting that China has ordered its state-owned enterprises to stop buying US soyabeans, these have since been refuted by the Chinese media, according to Channel News Asia (CNA).

US trade representative Robert Lighthizer was quoted as saying on 4 June that China had bought US$185M worth of US soyabeans in the first two days of June alone, putting paid to suggestions that China is not living up to its commitments.

“In the high stakes game of international diplomacy, Trump’s silent extension of his olive branch – by leaving the Phase One deal alone so far – has been reciprocated by China’s continued agricultural purchases,” CNA says.

According to Tommy Xie, head of Greater China research at Singaporean bank OCBC, the Phase One trade deal hinges on whether the Trump administration is willing to allow China more time to beef up its purchases of US goods.

Everyone will certainly be watching to see how relations between the two countries develop.

Serena Lim serenalim@quartzltd.com www.ofimagazine.com

14/06/2020 10:52:57

NEWS

Glencore makes Vicentin offer Anglo-Swiss commodity trading and mining giant Glencore has made a new offer to buy Argentine soya giant Vicentin’s remaining stake in oilseed crusher Renova, an industry source told AgriCensus on 3 June.

The renewed interest followed Glencore’s acquisition of one-third of Vicentin’s stake in Renova in December 2019, taking the former’s share to 66.67%, effectively giving it control of the joint venture.

“Glencore had previously made a US$325M offer for the remaining stake but it expired in March. The company submitted a new offer last month for the same amount as part of Vicentin’s bankruptcy protection process,” the source said.

Investment group Carval had also made offers to acquire Vicentin, according to local press reports.

Vicentin has faced financial problems since defaulting on payments to grain suppliers and brokerage firms in December 2019. The soya crusher went on a credit-fueled expansion last year before political uncertainties sparked a market crash and led international banks to pull back from the global soyabean oil export leader, further pressuring the company, Reuters said.

Producers suspended trade with Vicentin, which halted crushing operations and is believed to owe some US$350M to grain suppliers, with a total debt of US$1.5bn.

On 9 June, Vicentin said it had not been informed of government plans to nationalise it, MercoPress reported.

“We claim the legitimacy of protecting the rights of an Argentine company and its shareholders ... within a preventive bank-

ruptcy process,” the company said.

Among the alternatives in consideration were the sale of assets or an association with Argentine companies, including oil and gas firm YPF Agro, it added.

Renova was established by Glencore and Vicentin in 2006 and operates a soyabean crushing and processing plant in Timbúes producing oil, meal and lecithin, as well as a site in San Lorenzo to refine oils, and for biodiesel and glycerine production. The Timbúes plant can crush 32,500 tonnes/day of soyabeans, and has its own port facilities to load soyabean oil, meal and corn for export.

Glencore Agriculture operates more than 35 processing and refining facilities in 11 countries, including 15 oilseed crushing plants, 12 processing mills and six biodiesel processing facilities.

Chinese cooking oil sales projected to rise this year Cooking oil sales in China look set to increase in 2020 due to more people eating at home, the Malaysian Palm Oil Council (MPOC) reported on 6 May. The Chinese National Bureau of Statistics reported that in January-February 2020, the country’s retail sales had fallen by 20.5% – or 1.3bn yuan (US$183M) – to 5.2bn yuan (US $734M) compared to the same period last year.

However, in the same period, the category of food products had grown by 9.7% and the cooking oil section was a part of this surge.

This rise in cooking oil sales was opening up opportunities for the top four cooking oil companies and smaller players

to increase sales, MPOC said.

In China, cooking oil distribution and sales were mostly concentrated with the top four companies: Wilmar International, COFCO, Shandong

Luha and Xiwang Food. These companies held approximately 63.8% of the country’s cooking oil market share. Arawana and Fu Lin Men were two of the most famous cooking oil

brands in China, belonging to Wilmar and COFCO respectively, followed by Lu Hua and Xiwang brands.

The increase in dining at home by the Chinese in 2020 was expected to lead to a rise in household cooking oil consumption per capita.

The total volume of cooking oil consumed was also driven by population growth. From 2014 to 2019, the cooking oil market grew by an average rate of 3%/year or an annual increase of 41,560 tonnes to reach an estimated consumption of 13.7M tonnes in 2019.

China’s population had grown by an average rate of 0.5% for the same period under review.

China behind on Phase One purchases of US soyabeans State-owned Chinese companies have continued to buy US soyabeans despite reports that the government had told them to halt purchases, Reuters reported sources as saying on 1 June.

US President Donald Trump said on 29 May that his administration would stop its special treatment for Hong Kong in response to China’s plans to impose new security legislation there.

In response, China said on 1 June that it would counter US attempts to harm 4 OFI – JUNE 2020

General News.indd 2

Beijing’s interests.

However, AgriCensus reported on 5 June that Chinese state-owned and private crushers were heard actively buying US soyabeans, contracting a total of around 1.5M tonnes in the first week of June.

US trade representative Robert Lighthizer was quoted by Channel News Asia as saying that China had bought US$185M worth of US soyabeans in the first two days of June alone.

Despite the purchases, China is still

lagging behind its Phase One trade deal commitments to buy an extra US$200bn worth of US goods over the next two years, including an additional US$32bn worth of agricultural products.

Following the disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, China had only managed to import US$3.35bn in US agricultural products in the first three months of this year, the lowest level for that period since 2007, according to data from the US Department of Agriculture. www.ofimagazine.com

15/06/2020 14:40:22

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NEWS IN BRIEF UKRAINE/RUSSIA: Top global sunflowerseed producers Ukraine and Russia produced a bumper crop in the 2019/20 season, recording export highs as well, UkroAgroConsult reported on 29 May. Exports totalled 4.5M tonnes from Ukraine in the September 2019 to April 2020 period, and 2.1M tonnes for Russia from September 2019 to March 2020.

Ukraine was forecast to export 6.5M tonnes in 2019/20 compared with 6.1M in 2018/19, while Russia’s exports would reach 3.3M tonnes this year against 2.6M tonnes in 2018/19.

US court blocks sales of dicamba weedkiller in USA German chemicals giant Bayer is facing a new setback following a US appeals court ruling to block sales of its dicamba weedkiller in the USA, Reuters reported on 4 June.

The ruling comes amid earlier reports that Bayer had reached verbal agreements to settle up to 85,000 of 125,000 US cancer lawsuits related to the Roundup glyphosate weedkiller, which Bayer inherited as part of its acquisition of US agrochemicals firm Monsanto in 2018.

In its decision on 3 June, the 9th US Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) had substantially understated the risks related to the use of dicamba, a chemical found in herbicides sold by Bayer, BASF and Corteva Agrisciences.

Bayer and BASF said they disagreed with the court’s judgement while Corteva said it was reviewing the decision and believed dicamba was

safe to use, Reuters said.

The EPA said on 8 June that farmers had until 31 July to use their supplies of dicamba-based herbicides that they had on hand as of 3 June.

“Our order will mitigate some of the devastating economic consequences of the court’s decision for growers,” the EPA said in a statement.

According to Bayer, about 60% of the US soyabean crop this year is expected to be seeded with its dicamba-resistant Xtend soyabeans, which need to be sprayed with the herbicide to ward off weeds that have developed a tolerance to glyphosate. Glyphosate is the most commonly used herbicide on oilseed and other crops.

The Independent reported on 26 May that Bayer was likely to announce the settlements related to glyphosate some time in June. The verbal agreements were part of a US$10bn plan to end Bayer's Roundup legal battle, it said.

Global agribusiness giant ADM has entered a joint venture with leading beef producer Marfrig to supply plant-based products to North and South America, ADM announced on 27 May. The companies had a history of working together and the joint venture company, PlantPlus Foods, would expand on that partnership.

ADM’s plant-based foods include soya flour, soya protein concentrates, isolated soya proteins, textured protein, wheat protein isolates and other products.

“Consumers today are

Stock photo

ADM and Marfrig create plant-based food joint venture

Cargillsaid saysburgers burgerscould can come ADM comefrom fromaavariety varietyof ofsources, sources,including includingplants plants

thinking about food in new ways, with the knowledge that

delicious burgers and more can come from a variety of sources,

including plants,” said Leticia Gonçalves, ADM’s president, Global Specialty Ingredients.

Marfrig would own 70% of PlantPlus Foods, with 30% owned by ADM. Marfrig would be responsible for production and distribution via its South American facilities, mainly in Várzea Grande, Mato Grosso, Brazil, and its US facilities.

ADM would supply technical expertise and a range of plantbased ingredients and systems from its speciality protein complex in Mato Grosso do Sul, and its new pea protein plant in Enderlin, North Dakota.

India's vegetable oil consumption to fall by 2M tonnes India is expected to consume 2M tonnes less vegetable oil this season compared to 2018/19 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, OFI’s first webinar heard on 9 June.

Hindu Business Line consulting editor G Chandrashekhar said consumption by the world’s largest edible oil importer would total 21M tonnes in 2019/20, compared with 23M tonnes in 2018/19. Imports would reach 13.5M tonnes this season, a 10% fall against 15M tonnes in 2018/19.

“We would normally see a consumption surge during the traditional festival season from August to October but this will remain 6 OFI – JUNE 2020

General News.indd 3

muted due to losses in jobs and incomes.”

In terms of vegetable oil imports, palm oil was expected to take the biggest hit, forecast to fall to 7.5M tonnes this season against 9.2M tonnes in 2018/19. Soyabean oil import was expected to rise to 3.3M tonnes in 2019/20 (against 3.1M tonnes in 2018/19), while sunflower oil imports were forecast to increase to 2.6M tonnes this year against 2.3M tonnes in 2018/19.

Andrei Agapi, head of Asia Pacific Agriculture at S&P Global Platts, said China was back in the soyabean market and taking advantage of low international prices that

reached US$350.44/tonne in May, compared with a peak of US$418.33/tonne in November 2019.

However, its actual purchases were largely symbolic against the extra US$32bn of agricultural products it had committed to buy in its Phase 1 trade deal with the USA. This year, China’s purchases of US soyabeans had ranged around 8.5M tonnes/ month. However, it would need to buy 14M tonnes/month from the USA to meet its trade deal commitments, Agapi said.

The first OFI webinar attracted 204 attendees from 63 countries. www.ofimagazine.com

16/06/2020 18:07:01

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NEWS IN BRIEF EU: Spain has once again topped the list of EU olive oil producers according to EU figures for production in the current crop year to March, Olive Oil Times reported on 1 May. The country produced a total of 1.11M tonnes in 2019/20 by the end of March, with overall yield expected to reach 1.12M tonnes this year, significantly lower than the alltime high of 1.77M tonnes in the previous crop year.

Italy more than doubled its output this season, reaching an estimated aggregate quantity of 361,145 tonnes in March.

Overall yield was expected to reach 364,000 tonnes against 175,000 tonnes delivered in 2018/19.

In Greece, 262,570 tonnes of olive oil had been produced by the end of March with an expected overall total of 265,000 tonnes, Olive Oil Times said. Portugal ranked fourth among the EU member states with an estimated near-record production of 130,000 tonnes compared to 100,000 tonnes in the 2018/19 season.

In terms of consumption, Spain was expected to use 550,000 tonnes; Italy 510,000 tonnes; Greece 125,000 tonnes and Portual 80,000 tonnes during the current season.

India resumes buying of Malaysian palm oil Indian buyers have resumed purchases of Malaysian palm oil after a four-month gap following a diplomatic row, Reuters reported on 19 May. According to traders, buying had been spurred by a fall in domestic inventories and discounted prices.

The renewed purchases followed improved trade relations between the two countries following the formation of a new government in Malaysia.

In January, India restricted imports of Malaysian palm oil after Mahathir Mohamad, the

country’s prime minister at the time, criticised Indian government policies affecting the country’s Muslim minority. New Delhi had passed a new citizenship law in December offering amnesty to non-Muslim illegal immigrants, and had revoked Indian-administered Kashmir’s special constitutional status in August.

Sources told Reuters that leading Indian importers had contracted up to 200,000 tonnes of crude palm oil (CPO) from Malaysia in May to be shipped in June and July.

“Port stocks have dropped sharply in India because of lower imports,” a Singapore-based trader who sold Malaysian and Indonesian palm oil told Reuters.

Ship tracking data compiled

by Refinitiv had shown that India’s total palm oil imports for the first four months of 2020 had fallen by more than 50% from the same period in 2019 to 1.11M tonnes.

India is the world’s largest importer of vegetable oil, buying nearly 15M tonnes/year, of which palm oil comprises around 9M tonnes.

Investment in Cubiq Foods' cell-based oils Global investor Blue Horizon Ventures has joined Moira Capital Partners to help Spanish fats specialist Cubiq Foods accelerate its development of cell-based oils rich in omega 3 fatty acids, the companies announced on 15 May. The two companies are investing US$54.75M in Cubiq Foods, which plans to launch two new products later this year focused on sustainable omega 3 production and healthier vegan fats.

Cubiq Foods uses cell culture and oil/water emulsions (gelling) to replace saturated vegetable and animal fat ingredients in food production.

Its vegan Smart Fat product is a sustainable emulsion aimed at replacing animal fats in processed meat products and dairy derivatives, and saturated vegetable fats (such as coconut oil) in vegan food products. The company’s micro03 product is a micro-encapsulated omega 3 ingredient designed for ‘functional foods’.

Oils and fats content closely monitored in packaged food The majority of consumers closely monitor the type and amount of fat and oil in packaged food, according to the results of a study by global agribusiness giant Cargill, announced on 27 May. In Cargill's FATitudes annual study this year, 68% of consumers said they tracked what went into their bodies by closely reading the labels of packaged foods, with fat and oil type classed as important factors. Approximately 6,600 primary household grocery shoppers were surveyed in 12 countries including Brazil, China, Germany, 8 OFI – JUNE 2020

General News.indd 4

the United Kingdom and the USA. “As consumers’ attitudes toward fats and oils have shifted in recent years, we know they’re interested in consuming healthy amounts of oils,” said Nese Tagma, managing director of strategy and innovation for Cargill’s global edible oils business. “This research is vital to guide our thinking on whether to revitalise tried-and-true products or develop a new frying oil to adapt to changing tastes and health options.”

In the study, nearly 61% of US consumers reported avoiding certain fats or oils with

83% of ‘clean-label seekers’ avoiding specific fats or oils, like saturated and trans fats.

Olive oil topped the list in every country for impact on purchase and perceptions of healthiness in packaged foods, followed by fish and avocado oils.

A vast majority of global consumers, 93%, were aware of the importance of omega 3s.

How often consumers read labels differed by region. Chinese consumers paid the most attention (89%) and German consumers monitored the least (48%). www.ofimagazine.com

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9

BIOFUEL NEWS

Argentine exports come to standstill Biodiesel exports from Argentina have completely halted due to the coronavirus pandemic affecting demand in Europe, the head of the local industry chamber told Reuters on 5 May. According to data from the state statistics agency, the country exported around 1M tonnes of biodiesel worth US$775M (£623M) last year with the top destination being the European Union (EU).

However, the drop in fuel consumption there during the COVID-19 pandemic had paralysed the Argentine biodiesel industry, which generated up to around US$1.7bn/ year.

IN BRIEF EU: Ethanol producers are warning that a potential influx of cheap US and Brazilian imports threatens their businesses and have urged the European Commission (EC) to protect their industry, including potential tariffs, Reuters reported on 6 May. COVID-19 had led to sharp falls in driving and air travel, forcing ethanol companies to drastically cut output and prices, notably in top producers USA and Brazil, which accounted for 55% and 30% of global ethanol production respectively.

USA: The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has proposed increasing the amount of biofuels that refiners must blend into their fuel next year, Reuters reported two sources as saying on 20 May. Proposals to increase the biofuels blend to 20.17bn gallons (76.35bn litres) in 2021 from 20.09bn gallons (75.74 litres) this year would include 15bn gallons (56.78 litres) of advanced biofuels, the sources were reported as saying. The 2022 mandate for biodiesel would be set at 2.76bn gallons (10.44bn litres) from 2.43bn gallons (9.19bn litres) in 2021, the sources said.

10 OFI – JUNE 2020

Biofuel news.indd 2

“Currently, the exporting industry is 100% stopped,” said Luis Zubizaretta, head of the Argentine biofuels chamber (CARBIO), which includes agribusiness trading giants such as Bunge and Cargill.

“Today our only market is Europe and second quarter exports to Europe totally stopped.”

Zubizaretta said biodiesel export plants in the country were currently inactive and that due to the stoppage, there would be a soyabean oil surplus in Argentina this year.

“Next quarter will surely be complicated by low fuel demand,” said Zubizarreta, add-

ing that a reopening of the US market for Argentine biodiesel would hopefully ease the situation.

However, Progressive Farmer reported on 7 May that the US Department of Commerce (DOC) had decided to leave duties in place on Argentine biodiesel imports.

The DOC had imposed final countervailing duty rates in 2018 ranging from 71.45% to 72.28% and anti-dumping duty rates ranging from 60.44% to 86.41%.

The DOC determined that there were no “changed circumstances” to warrant changes in the US duty rates, Progressive Farmer reported.

Poet takes up hand sanitiser production

Leading US ethanol producer Poet is producing hand sanitiser at two of its plants following the collapse of ethanol prices due to a drop in demand for fuel caused by COVID-19 shutdowns, CNBC reported on 7 May. South Dakota-based POET had re-engineered systems in two of its plants to make pharmaceutical grade hand sanitiser.

However, in a blow to ethanol producers who had been investing in the sector, Reuters reported that the Trump administration had tightened restrictions on the use of ethanol in hand sanitiser, citing safety concerns.

The crackdown on hand sanitiser was aimed at protecting consumers from potentially dangerous impurities but could worsen shortages during a period of high demand during the COVID-19 pandemic, Reuters said.

Limits on certain chemicals permitted in alcohol-based hand sanitisers had been issued by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on 15 April as the health crisis had deepened and more manufacturers had registered to produce hand sanitiser.

Since then, a source told Reuters that the FDA had notified several ethanol companies that their product did not meet safety standards, forcing them to halt production and cancel supply agreements.

In one case, according to an email exchange seen by Reuters, the FDA said it had found significant levels of the carcinogen acetaldehyde in ethanol supplied by a company for use in hand sanitiser.

On a more positive note for US ethanol, AgriCensus reported on 7 May that a rebound in demand for fuel had raised hopes of a rapid recovery in the market. US Energy Information Administration data showed the first climb in ethanol production rates for nine weeks to 598,000 barrels/day.

Eni to stop palm oil and PFAD use by 2023 Leading Italian energy firm Eni is planning to stop using palm oil and palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) by 2023, World Markets reported on 15 May. The company said the move was part of its wider decarbonisation proposals within its 2020/23 strategic plan. It said it planned to stop using palm oil and PFAD – a residue from the palm oil refining process – to

make its Eni Diesel+ fuel by the end of 2023. Eni Diesel+ comprises 15% hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO), which it currently produces using palm oil and waste feedstocks such as used cooking oil. The company also planned to increase capacity to make fuel from biomass.

Eni operates two biorefineries in Venice and Gela, with a combined HVO production of

around 1M tonnes/year.

The EU announced last year that it was phasing out palm oil-based biofuels due to deforestation concerns. Under the EU Delegated Regulation Act, palm oil has been classified as a high-risk indirect land use change biofuel feedstock, the use of which will be capped at 2019 levels until 2023, and phased out to zero by 2030.

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OFI – JUNE 2020

11

RENEWABLE NEWS

More palm oil sales for oleochemicals Sales of palm oil for oleochemical products in Indonesia rose by 14.5% during March, the Jakarta Globe quoted the Indonesian Palm Oil Association (Gapki) as saying on 13 May. Gapki said domestic consumption of palm oil in March had decreased by 3.2%, from 786,000 tonnes in February to 721,000 tonnes in March. Local food consumption had also fallen by 8.3% during the same period, while sales of palm oil for oleochemical

USA: On 18 May, the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) published a final rule to expand the production of renewable chemicals and bio-based products.

For the first time, the rule allows applicants for Biorefinery, Renewable Chemical and Biobased Product Manufacturing Assistance Program loans to submit applications to develop renewable chemical and bio-based products without having to produce some amount of an advanced biofuel.

USA: Consumer goods giant Procter & Gamble (P&G) announced on 13 May that it had granted global agribusiness firm Cargill an exclusive license to develop and commercialise technology to convert lactic acid into biobased acrylic acid.

The newly developed conversion technology could be used in a range of applications from superabsorbent polymers in absorbent hygiene products to thickeners in household paints and other products. It could also increase the use of renewable crops in everday goods, the companies said.

P&G scientists were the winners of an American Chemical Society 2020 Award for Affordable Green Chemistry for this technology, which was expected to take several more years of development before being used in consumer products.

12 OFI – JUNE 2020

Renewable news.indd 2

by 3.3% or 185,000 tonnes from 2.53M tonnes in February to 2.72M tonnes in March. The biggest export increases during the period had been to Bangladesh, South Africa and China.

“The export surge to China started happening once they managed to get a handle on Covid-19,” Mukti said.

Exports to Pakistan and the USA had gone down while exports to Europe, the Middle East and India had been normal.

Clariant to increase mild surfactants capacity Swiss speciality chemicals firm Clariant announced on 26 May that it is expanding its production capacity for plantbased mild surfactants at its facilities in Spain and the USA. Clariant’s Hostapon sodium cocoyl isethionate (SCI) mild surfactants are based on glycerine and coconut oil.

The company said it was planning to modernise and increase capacity at its current Mount Holly, USA and Tarragona, Spain (pictured) manufacturing sites, with additional capacity due to come on stream in first quarter 2021.

“Mild surfactants are a growing sector driven by consumers seeking new mildness claims and are invaluable in helping formulators answer

Photo: Clariant

IN BRIEF

products had risen by 14.5%.

“Palm oil consumption fell as food consumption fell. People are uncertain when the [Covid-19] pandemic will be over.

Meanwhile, hand sanitiser products need more palm oil to ramp up production,” Gapki director Mukti Sardjono said.

Out of 68,000 tonnes of palm oil sold to the oleochemical industry, 55% had been for hand sanitisers, he said.

Meanwhile, palm oil exports had risen

needs for mild cleansing hygiene, sensitive skin solutions, solid formats and more natural ingredients,” said Christian Vang, global head of Clariant’s industrial and consumer specialties business unit.

The company said its Hostapon SCI grades were mild

amino acid-based anionic surfactants which created formulations with creamy and stable foams, with excellent rinsability, especially in hard water areas. They formed part of its portfolio of mild surfactants for skin cleansing, hair care and baby care applications.

Compostable packaging from olive waste A Spanish joint venture has developed compostable plastic packaging made from olive waste, Olive Oil Times reported on 7 May. The biodegradable plastic compound, called Oliplast, could be used to make products such as trays, plates and caps for containers designed for the packaging of olive oil.

Launched in November 2019, the aim of the two-year Go-Oliva project was to create a new high-added value application from olive pit waste.

Spain produced a significant amount of olive pit debris – a waste product of the olive pressing process, Olive Oil Times wrote.

“This waste was treated by energetic valorisation, or incineration, until now,” said Belén Redondo, a researcher at Spanish plastics technology company Aimplas Technological Institute of Plastics (AIMPLAS).

To be incorporated in polymeric matrices, the

olive pit was ground to obtain a micrometric particle size.

Olive Oil Times wrote that as a plastic compound material, Oliplast could be processed by the same extrusion and injection moulding methods used in plastics production, and be transformed into sustainable packaging or olive oil-related products.

The next stage of the project, which runs until the end of 2021, was to conduct a study into the new material and final products to assess if they fulfilled all the requirements needed for final applications. This would be followed by an environmental study to examine the new material’s compostability.

Redondo added that Oliplast could be available within a year of the end of the project, which is a joint venture between AIMPLAS and the olive oil co-operative Olivarera de los Pedroches (OLIPE).

www.ofimagazine.com

08/06/2020 16:44:53

TRANSPORT NEWS

Photo: Pixabay

Paraná water levels not likely to improve soon

The low water levels on the Paraná River which have hit Argentine soyabean exports look set to last the rest of the year, according to an expert from Argentina’s National Water Institute (INA) quoted by AgriCensus on 11 May. The INA’s Juan Borus said there were no indications the situation could change in the near future as it was not forecasting high rain volumes in the north of Argentina and the south of Brazil.

“The scenario could change once we have rains by the end of the spring. That will improve water

levels in the first months of next year,” he said.

AgriCensus said that the river’s water levels were near lows last seen in the early 1970s, delaying load times and forcing sellers to top up vessels at Brazil’s Paranagua hub to build full cargoes.

Covid-19 quarantine measures, including increased sanitary requirements for tanker crews, had also added to delays.

The Paraná River connected Argentina’s Rosario inland port export complex to global markets, AgriCensus said. The hub handled 93% of the country’s vegetable oil exports in 2019.

The low water levels in some sections of the river had hit soyabean exports, affecting nearly 150 barges loaded with 220,000M tonnes of soyabeans, Juan Carloz Munoz, head of the country’s maritime and shipping chamber CAFyM told AgriCensus.

“We expect that this adverse scenario will delay the country’s soyabean programme, which was initially scheduled to be completed by mid-July and we now estimate that it could be completed in September or October,” he said.

Pan Ocean acquires stake in PNW grain export terminal South Korean trade and logistics company Pan Ocean has bought a 36.25% stake in a US Pacific Northwest (PNW) grain export terminal, AgriCensus reported local Korean media as saying on 13 May. The Export Grain Terminal (EGT) at Longview in Washington state had been built as a joint venture between Bunge, Itochu and STX Pan Ocean, although the facility had been listed as a Bunge and Itochu joint venture.

“We can confirm the an-

nounced sale is subject to closing conditions and regulatory approval, which is expected to occur in 2020. Bunge remains the majority partner in the EGT joint venture,” said Daiana Endruweit, Bunge’s global media relations manager.

EGT owns and operates one of the largest grain export facilities on the US west coast, capable of handling wheat, soyabeans, soya meal, corn and distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) exports via rail or barge connections.

IN BRIEF THE NETHERLANDS: Leading renewable diesel producer Neste has acquired the Dutch Count Companies BV’s Count Terminal Rotterdam from the First Dutch Group, Neste announced on 7 May. The Rotterdam facility stores, refines and blends renewable waste and residue-based raw materials and will be the first terminal for renewable feedstock aggregation owned by Finland-based Neste.

“Count Terminal Rotterdam and Neste Demeter have had a successful long-term collaboration at the site and the acquisition

by Neste serves as a logical next step in deepening cooperation and in developing operations further,” Neste president and CEO Peter Vanacker said.

UNITED ENGINEERING (E) CORPORATION, INDIA E: sales@uec-india.com www.uec-india.com

Engineered for Productivity HIGH CAPACITY OIL PRESSES COLD PRESSING TECHNOLOGY DEWATERING PRESSES

Zen-Noh to buy Bunge elevators Japan’s Zen-Noh Grain Corp (ZGC) has agreed to buy 35 US interior elevators from Bunge North America, World Grain reported on 22 April.

The elevators would be run by Consolidated Grain and Barge Co (CGB), a subsidiary of CGB Enterprises, USA, a ZGC affiliate.

CGB currently operated more than 100 grain origination facilities in the USA, World Grain said. Prior to the pending sale, Bunge ranked seventh in grain storage capacity in North America, with 170.1M bushels, the report said. www.ofimagazine.com

Transport news.indd 2

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PLANT, EQUIPMENT & TECHNOLOGY Argentina Proglobal Juan Pablo II 6750, Rosario Santa Fe Tel: +54 341 4544544 E-mail: grabois.rafael@proglobal.com www.proglobal.com

Austria Andritz AG Stattegger Strasse 18 A-8045 Austria Tel: +43 5 08 05/5 62 31 E-mail: separation@andritz.com www.andritz.com/separation Anton Paar GmbH Anton-Paar-Strasse 20 8054 Graz Austria Tel: +43 316 257 1350 E-mail: info@anton-paar.com www.anton-paar.com BDI-BioEnergy International GmbH Parkring 18 8074 Raaba-Grambach, Styria Tel: +43 316 4009100 E-mail: sales@bdi-bioenergy.com www.bdi-bioenergy.com GIG Karasek GmbH Neusiedlerstrasse 15-19 Gloggnitz 2640 Tel: +43 2662 42780 E-mail: office@gigkarasek.at www.gigkarasek.at Other: Thin film evaporators, short path evaporators and falling film evaporators, thin film dryers Kemia Handels- und Projektierungs GmbH Hietzinger Hauptstrasse 50 Vienna 1130 Tel: +43 1 877 0553 E-mail: kondor@kemia.at www.kemia.at Other: Traditional methyl ester production plants, technology to produce triglycerides of modified structure, biomass to electricity plants

Belgium Desmet Ballestra Group - Oils, Fats and Oleochemicals Division Belgicastraat 3 B-1930 Zaventem Tel: +32 2 7161111 E-mail: info@desmetballestra.com www.desmetballestra.com 14 OFI – JUNE 2020

P&E listing 2020 NEW.indd 1

OFI 2020 plant & technology guide Oils & Fats International features a fully updated global selection of plant and equipment suppliers to the oils and fats industry, accompanied by a chart of company activities De Smet SA Engineers & Contractors Watson & Crick Hill, Building J Rue Granbonpré 11 - Box 8 B-1435 Mont-Saint-Guibert Tel: + 32 10 43 43 00 E-mail: info@dsengineers.com www.dsengineers.com Other: EPC/EPCM contractor Pattyn Packing Lines NV Hoge Hul 2 – 8000 Bruges Tel: +32 50 450 480 E-mail: info@pattyn.com www.pattyn.com

Bulgaria Elica-elevator Ltd 32 Haralampi Dzhamdziev St Silistra 7500 Tel: +359 899 943497 E-mail: k.radulov@elica-elevator.com www.elica-elevator.com Other: Sunflower dehulling equipment

Canada SOLEX Thermal Science Inc 250, 4720 - 106 Avenue SE, Calgary Alberta T2C 3G5 Tel: +1 403 254 3500 E-mail: info@solexthermal.com www.solexthermal.com Other: Pre-heaters, vertical plate conditioners and meal pellet coolers, conditioning systems

China COFCOET No 186 Huihe Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214035 Tel: +86 18626309428 E-mail: zhoudatong@cofcoetint.com www.cofcoet.com Crown Asia Engineering 3rd Floor, Block A, Building 18 Innovation Base HUST Science Park

No 33 Tangxunhu Bei Road Donghu High-Tec Zone Wuhan City, Hubei Province Tel: +86 27 87223888 E-mail: sales@crownironasia.com www.crownironasia.com FAMSUN Oils&Fats Engineering Co Ltd No 1 Huasheng Road, Yangzhou Jiangsu 225127 Tel: +86 514 87770799 E-mail: myoil@famsungroup.com www.famsun.com Other: White flakes, fermenting meal, full fat soya extrusion, silos, conveyers Guangzhou Scikoon Industry Co Ltd No 2 Xianke Yi Road Huadong Town, Huadu District Guangzhou Guangdong 510800 Tel: +86 20 39388895 E-mail: export@scikoon.com www.scikoon.com Other: Aspirator, cracking, flaking mill, counterflow cooler, conditioner, meal crusher, fluid bed dryer Myande Group Co Ltd 199 South Ji’An Road Yangzhou City 225127 Jiangsu Province Tel: +86 514 87849111 E-mail: info@myande.com www.myandegroup.com

Czech Republic Farmet AS Jirinková 276, Ceská Skalice 55203 Tel: +420 491 450 116 E-mail: oft@farmet.cz www.farmet.eu Other: Hexane free oilseeds and vegetable oil processing technologies. Feed extrusion, feed milling technologies www.ofimagazine.com

16/06/2020 11:11:32

PLANT & TECHNOLOGY Denmark GEA Process Engineering A/S Gladsaxevej 305, Soeborg 2860 Tel: +45 41748485 E-mail: sascha.wenger-parving@gea.com www.gea.com Other: Vacuum and dry condensing systems Gerstenberg Services AS Vibeholmsvej 21 PO Box 196 Brøndby 2605 Tel: +45 43432026 E-mail: mgn@gerstenbergs.com www.gerstenbergs.com Other: Margarine production plant

Clean and efficient vacuum systems for refining and deodorising

Haarslev Industries AS Bogensevej 85, Søndersø 5471 Tel: +45 63831100 E-mail: info@haarslev.com www.haarslev.com SPX Flow Technology Danmark AS Oestmarken 7 Soeborg DK-2860 Tel: +45 70278222 E-mail: gs.dk.sales@spxflow.com www.spxflow.com Other: Dynamic mixing, sugar fat application, cream fillings, mayonnaise, pasteurisation, emulsification, CIP plant

France Olexa 47 Alleé d’Irlande, Z.A.C Artoipole B.P 42015 62060 Arras Cedex 9 Tel: +33 21 55 36 00 E-mail: hello@olexapress.com www.olexapress.com Other: Turnkey plants, cookers, screw presses, spare parts, services Promill RN 12, Serville 28410 Tel: +33 2 37389193 E-mail: info@promill.fr www.promill.fr

• Ice Condensation • Alkaline Closed Loop

Serac 12 route de Mamers 72400 La Ferté-Bernard Tel: +33 2 43 60 28 28 E-mail: facheriaux@serac.fr www.serac-group.com

both systems with clean cooling tower

Germany Air Liquide Engineering & Construction Olof Palme Strasse 35 Frankfurt am Main 60439 Tel: +49 69 58080 E-mail: oleo@airliquide.com www.ofimagazine.com

P&E listing 2020 NEW.indd 2

u OFI – JUNE 20120

15

u

koerting.de

sales@koerting.de

+49 511 2129-306

16/06/2020 11:11:33

PLANT, EQUIPMENT & TECHNOLOGY u www.engineering-airliquide.com/ oleochemicals Other: Lurgi multi-seed sliding cell extractors; oil refining, fatty acid, methyl ester, fatty alcohol production; glycerine refining, glycerine to propylene glycol, renewable fuels, soapstock splitting B+B Engineering GmbH Otto-von-Guericke-Str 50 D-39104 Magdeburg Tel: +49 391 5054 995-0 E-mail: info@b-b-engineering.de www.b-b-engineering.de Other: Turnkey contractor; vegetable oil refining technologies (hydration, degumming, neutralisation, bleaching, deodorisation), turnkey plants; pilot plants, SKID-mounted refineries, lecithin drying plants, rapeseed dehulling process, utility generation and distribution systems, energy recovery systems Bruker Biospin GmbH Silberstreifen 4 76287 Rheinstetten Tel: +49 721 5161 6151 E-mail: info@bruker.com www.bruker.com Other: Benchtop instruments for quality control: Solid fat content, total fat, crystallisation analysis, oxidation and freshness monitoring Buss-SMS-Canzler GmbH Kaiserstrasse 13-15 Butzbach 35510 Tel: +49 6033 850 E-mail: info@sms-vt.com www.sms-vt.com Other: Wiped film evaporators, short path evaporators, molecular distillation, thin film dryers (for monoglyceride, lecithin, omega 3, fish oil, vitamin E processing) Centrimax – Winkelhorst Trenntechnik GmbH Kelvinstrasse 8, Cologne 50996 Tel: +49 2236 393530 E-mail: info@centrimax.com www.centrimax.com GEA Group, Separation & Flow Technologies Werner-Habig-Strasse 1 Oelde 59302 Tel: +49 2522 770 E-mail: www.gea.com/contact www.gea.com Other: Miscella clarification, aquaeous extraction, press oil clarification, soap stock splitting, alkali neutralisation and fractionation, dewaxing, centrifugal separators and decanters 16 OFI – JUNE 2020

P&E listing 2020 NEW.indd 3

GEA Wiegand GmbH Am Hardtwald 1 76275 Ettlingen Tel: +49 7243 7050 E-mail: chemical@gea.com www.gea.com Other: Evaporation and distillation plants GekaKonus GmbH Siemensstrasse 10 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344 Tel: +49 721 943740 E-mail: info@gekakonus.net www.gekakonus.net HF Press+LipidTech Schlachthofstrasse 22 21079 Hamburg Tel: +49 40 77 179-0 E-mail: service-plt@hf-group.com www.hf-press-lipidtech.com Other: Screw presses, spare parts and services HTI-GESAB Hoch-Temperatur Industrieanlagen GmbH Sauerbruchstrasse 11 Ellerau Schleswig-Holstein 25479 Tel: +49 4106 70090 E-mail: info@hti-ellerau.de www.hti-ellerau.de INTEC Engineering GmbH John-Deere-Strasse 43 Bruchsal D-76646 Tel: +49 7251 9324312 E-mail: christian.daniel@intec-energy.de www.intec-energy.de Other: Biomass- and coal-fired heat supply and power plants, sludge drying and incineration systems, ORC-based power generation modules, thermal oil heaters, steam generators Körting Hannover GmbH Badenstedter Str 56 Hannover 30453 Tel: +49 511 21290 E-mail: sales@koerting.de www.koerting.de * Maschinenfabrik Reinartz GmbH & Co KG Industriestrasse 14, Neuss 41460 Tel: + 49 2131 9761-0 E-mail: info@reinartz.de www.reinartz.de Other: Screw presses, screw dryers, seed conditioning, oil storage, animal feed and bioenergy production

oilRoq GmbH Pfaennerhoehe 35 Halle/Saale D 06110 Tel: +49 345 6857871 E-mail: info@oilRoq.eu www.oilroq.eu Other: Esterification plants, loophydrogenation plants, candle and bag type filter, reactor technology Rono Maschinenbau GmbH Ringstrasse 6 Selmsdorf 23923 Tel: + 49 38823 54480 E-mail: info@ro-no.de www.ro-no.com Other: End user processes/equipment for various spreads, pastry and bakery products, wafer cream, mayonnaise, ketchup, and gelatine. CIP systems, skid units, continuous melting systems VTA Verfahrenstechnische Anlagen Bernrieder Strasse 10 Niederwinkling 94559 Tel: +49 9962 95980 E-mail: info@vta-process.de www.vta-process.de Other: Wiped film and short path distillation, distilled monoglycerides

India * Kumar Metal Industries Pvt Ltd Plot No 7 Mira Industrial Estate Western Express Highway Mira Road (E), Mumbai Maharashtra 401104 Tel: +91 9860272657 E-mail: dilip@kumarmetal.com www.kumarmetal.com Mectech Process Engineers Pvt Ltd 366, Phase – 2 Udyog Vihar Gurgaon – 122 016 Haryana Tel: +91 124 4700800 Fax: +91 124 4700801 +91 124 4700802 E-mail: info@mectech.co.in www.mectech.co.in Other: Hydrogenation and IE plants Sharplex Filters (India) Pvt Ltd R-664 Rabale MIDC Navimumbai 400701 Tel: +91 22 69409850 E-mail: sales@sharplexfilters.com www.sharplexfilters.com www.ofimagazine.com

16/06/2020 11:11:33

PLANT, EQUIPMENT & TECHNOLOGY United Engineering (Eastern) Corporation LLP Plot 75, Sector 3, IMT Manesar Gurgaon Haryana 122051 Tel: +91 1244273011 E-mail: sales@uec-india.com www.uec-india.com Other: Screw presses, complete turnkey seed processing and pressing plants, seed conditioning, dewatering presses, animal feed, spares and services

Desmet Ballestra SpA – Detergents, Surfactants and Chemicals Division Via Piero Portaluppi 17, 20138 Milano Tel: +39 02 50831 E-mail: mail@ballestra.com www.desmetballestra.com Macfuge Servizi Industriali Srl Via Marie Curie 19, Ozzano Dell’Emilia Bologna 40064 Tel: +39 051 795080 E-mail: macfuge@macfuge.com www.macfuge.com

Veendeep Oiltek Exports Pvt Ltd N-16/17/18 Additional MIDC Patalganga Maharastra 410207 Tel: +91 9769315463 E-mail: pmbhandari@veendeep.com www.veendeep.com

Malaysia * Besteel Berhad Lot 9683 Kawasan Perindustrian Desa Aman Batu 11, Desa Aman, Sungai Buloh Selangor 47000 Tel: +6012 6729683 E-mail: michaelchan@besteerlberhad.com www.besteelberhad.com Other: Turnkey contractor for palm oil mills

Italy Andreotti Impianti Spa Via Di Le Prata 148, Calenzano Florence 50041 Tel: +39 055 44870 E-mail: info@andreottiimpianti.com www.andreottiimpianti.com Other: Plants for oilseeds, edible oils and oleochemicals

* EMEC Packaging Solutions Sdn Bhd PT 13532, Jalan Bating, Pandamaran 42000 Pelabuhan Klang, Selangor Darul Ehsan Tel: +603 3168 6300 / 3165 1344 E-mail: info@emec-corp.com www.emec-corp.com

Binacchi & Co Srl Via Gramsci 84, Varese Gazzada-Schianno 21045 Tel: +39 0332 461354 E-mail: mail@binacchi.com www.binacchi.com Other: Soap and detergent processing plants and equipment, packaging machinery CM Bernardini International SpA Via Appia km 55900, Cisterna di Latina LT 04012 Tel: +39 06 96871028 E-mail: info@cmbernardini.it www.cmbernardini.it Other: Oil hydrogenation, plants for oilseed preparation, extraction, refinery, oleochemical; fatty acids dry fractionation plant; 1st & 2nd generation biodiesel & glycerine refining; semi-continuous hydrogenation; POME treatment; HVO pre-treatment; methyl ester distillation; ultra-neutralising process; soap stock splitting; ice condensing systems, wiped film evaporators; fatty acids hardening

www.ofimagazine.com

P&E listing 2020 NEW.indd 4

The Netherlands CPM Europe BV Rijder 2, 1507 DN Zaandam Tel: +31 75 6512 611 E-mail: info@cpmeurope.nl www.cpmeurope.nl Filtration Group BV – Amafilter® – LFC Lochem® Hanzeweg 21, 7241 CS Lochem Tel: +31 573 297 777 E-mail: info@filtration.group www.processsystems.filtrationgroup.com Other: Cricketfilter, horizontal and vertical filter systems & housings Geelen Counterflow Windmolenven 43, Haelen 6081 PJ Tel: +31 475 592315 E-mail: info@geelencounterflow.com www.geelencounterflow.com Other: Coolers and dryers

INTEC Energy Systems Sdn Bhd 6F-21, IOI Business Park, Bandar Puchong Jaya, 47170 Puchong, Selangor Tel: +603 5891 6642 E-mail: yap.fw@intec-energy.de www.intec-energy.com/die-intecgruppe/intec-energy-systems-malaysia Other: Biomass- and coal-fired heat supply and power plants, sludge drying and incineration systems, ORC-based power generation modules, thermal oil heaters, steam generators

Niverplast BV Baruch Spinozastraat 2 Nijverdal, Overijssel 7442PD Tel: +31 548 538 380 E-mail: sales@niverplast.com www.niverplast.com

JJ-Lurgi Engineering Sdn Bhd No 7-13A-01, Jebsen & Jessen Tower UOA Business Park (Tower 7) Jalan Pengaturcara U1/51A, Seksyen U1 Shah Alam, Selangor 40150 Tel: +60 3 50306363 E-mail: jj-lurgi_enquiry@jjsea.com www.jj-lurgi.com

Serbia

Muar Ban Lee Group JR52, Lot 1818, Jalan Raja, Kawasan Perindustrian Bukit Pasir Muar, 84300 Johor. Tel: +60 6 9859998 E-mail: mbl@mbl.com www.mbl.com Other: Methane biogas capture plant, waste water treatment

CMBITALY-TECHNOILOGY Via D. Federici 12/14 04012 Cisterna di Latina Tel: +39 06 9696181 E-mail: info@technoilogy.it www.technoilogy.it

* Oiltek Sdn Bhd Lot 6, Jalan Pasaran 23/5 Kaw Miel Phase 10 40300 Shah Alam, Selangor Tel: +603 554 28288 E-mail: oiltek@oiltek.com.my www.oiltek.com.my Other: Heating systems for bulking installation

* Van Mourik Crushing Mills Boylestraat 34, Ede 671 8XM Tel: +31 318 641144 E-mail: info@crushingmills.com www.crushingmills.com

T-1 Ada Karadordeva 60, Ada 24430 Tel: +381 24 854585 E-mail: sales@t-1.rs www.screw-presses.com Other: Screw presses, spare parts, refurbishing

Singapore LIPICO Technologies Pte Ltd 61 Bukit Batok Crescent #06-03 to #0606 Heng Loong Building Singapore 658078 Tel: +65 631 67800 E-mail: sg.enquiry@lipico.com u www.lipico.com OFI – JUNE 2020

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PLANT, EQUIPMENT & TECHNOLOGY u

Sweden

United Kingdom

Alfa Laval Corporate AB Rudeboksvägen 1 SE-226 55 Lund Tel: + 46 46 36 65 00 E-mail: alfa.laval@alfalaval.com www.alfalaval.com

Chemtech International Crown House, 1A High Street Theale Berkshire RG7 5AH Tel: +44 1189 861 222 E-mail: nigel@chemtechinternational.com www.chemtechinternational.com

Switzerland Bühler AG Gupfenstrasse 5, Uzwil St Gallen 9240 Tel: +41 71 9551111 E-mail: media@buhlergroup.com www.buhlergroup.com Other: Cracking & flaking mills, vertical seed conditioners, horizontal and vertical impact dehullers and hammer mills, fluidising beds, bagging stations, chain conveyors, ship loaders/unloaders, filters, throw & drum sieves, hull separators, drum magnets, cylindrical case aspirators Buss ChemTech AG Hohenrainstrasse 12A Pratteln 4133 Tel: +41 61 8256462 E-mail: info@buss-ct.com www.buss-ct.com Other: Hydrogenation process design * Sulzer Chemtech Ltd Neuwiesenstrasse 15 Winterthur 8401 Tel: +41 52 2623722 E-mail: chemtech@sulzer.com www.sulzer.com

Turkey Keller & Vardarci Industries Ltd Sti Cinar Sok No 12 Ege Serbest Bolgesi Gaziemir Izmir Izmir 35410 Tel: +90 232 4784814 E-mail: gulservardarci@vardarci.com.tr www.keller-vardarci.com Other: Seed cleaners, dehullers, screw oil presses, cookers, screens, filter presses, spare parts for oil crushing mills, cottonseed delinters, lint cleaners, bale presses

United Arab Emirates * Metan FZCO Office 2203, Jafza View 18 Jebel Ali Dubai 61389 Tel: +971 4 8895657 E-mail: m@metan.ae www.metan.ae 18 OFI – JUNE 2020

P&E listing 2020 NEW.indd 5

Crown Europe - Europa Crown Waterside Park, Livingstone Road Hessle East Yorkshire HU13 0EG Tel: +44 1482 640 099 E-mail: sales@europacrown.com www.europacrown.com Oxford Instruments Tubney Woods Abingdon Oxfordshire OX13 5QX Tel: +44 1865 393200 E-mail: magres@oxinst.com https://nmr.oxinst.com/

USA Anderson International Corp 4545 Boyce Parkway Stow Ohio 44224 Tel: +1 216 6411112 E-mail: eric.stibora@andersonintl.com www.andersonintl.com Blackmer 1809 Century Avenue SW Grand Rapids Michigan 49503 Tel: +1 616 2411611 E-mail: info@blackmer.com blackmer.com Crown Americas - Crown Iron Works 9879 Naples Street NE Blaine MN 55449 Tel: +1 651 639 8900 E-mail: sales@crowniron.com www.crowniron.com

French Oil Mill Machinery Company 1035 W Greene Street PO Box 920 Piqua Ohio 45356 Tel: +1 937 7733420 E-mail: oilseedsales@frenchoil.com www.frenchoil.com Other: Mechanical screw presses, conditioners/cookers, animal feed, rate bins, oil settling tanks, oil filters, cleaners, cake coolers, roller mills and performance trial testing Nel Hydrogen 10 Technology Drive Wallingford CT 06492 Tel: +1 203 949 8697 E-mail: info@nelhydrogen.com www.nelhydrogen.com Pope Scientific Inc POB 80018 Saukville Wisconsin 53080 Tel: +1 262 2689300 E-mail: dsegal@popeinc.com www.popeinc.com Other: Degassers, evaporators, reactors, foods, flavours, fragrances, portable vessels, pilot plants and turnkey processing systems, Nutsche filter-dryers

The above companies are a selection of plant, equipment and technology suppliers to the oils and fats industry who have replied to an Oils & Fats International questionnaire this year.

Please refer to ‘Summary Table of Company Activities’ chart for companies’ areas of operation.

‘Other’ refers to other activities selected in the accompanying chart * Denote entries from 2019

The Dupps Company 548 North Cherry Street Germantown Ohio 45327-0189 Tel: +1 937 8556555 E-mail: info@dupps.com www.dupps.com Other: Rendering equipment, process drying, oilseed screw press, rotary drum dryers, airless dryers www.ofimagazine.com

16/06/2020 11:11:34

Sustainable

•

Profitable

Dupps Rendering Solutions Optimized fat and meal production The high-quality product specifications you require, and the flexibility to adjust to changing demands.

Insight • Innovation • Invested

www.dupps.com • 937-855-6555 The Dupps Company

•

Germantown, Ohio U.S.A.

Dramatically reduced downtime Unsurpassed reliability backed by the rapid response of the largest field service team and parts inventory in the industry.

Complete systems integration Every type of major rendering equipment, including new Dupps-Gratt decanters and centrifuges. © 2017 The Dupps Company

www.ofimagazine.com

OFI – JUNE 2020

19

Science behind Technology

Extraction Hydrogenation

Other equipment

Screens & filtration

ANCILLARY EQUIPMENT

Storage & handling

End user processes/equipment

PROCESS PLANT & EQUIPMENT

Refining

Oilseed crushing mills Solvent extraction Fish oil/meal processing Rendering/fat melting plant Pelleting mills Other Degumming Winterising Crystallisation Oil distillation/fractionation Alkali & physical refining Interesterification Miscella refining Deodorisers Bleachers Oil dryers Fat splitting Fatty acid distillation/fractionation Other Hydrogen generators Hydrogen systems

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SOLEX Thermal Science

Canada

Elica-elevator

Bulgaria

Pattyn Packing Lines

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Other Cooking/salad oils Butter formulation Shortening/margarine production Vitamin E production Lecithin production Suplhonation Ethoxylation/propoxylation Detergent formulation Detergent production Soap production Soap finishing Cosmetics production Glycerine refining Fatty acid derivatives Pharmaceuticals Biodiesel/methyl ester Other Pneumatic conveyors Belt conveyors Vibratory conveyors Slatted conveyors Elevators Loading arms/chutes Auger feeders Storage silos Storage tanks Other Screens Centrifugal separators Gravity separators Magnetic separators Membrane separators Filter presses Pressure leaf filters Other Packing equipment Instrumentation Pumps/fluid handling Vacuum systems/ejectors Process heating systems Steam boilers Thermal oil heaters Heat recovery systems Other

De Smet Engineers & Contractors

Desmet Ballestra Group

Belgium

Kemia Handels-und Projektierungs

GIG Karasek

BDI-BioEnergy International

Anton Paar

Austria: Andritz

Proglobal

Desmet Ballestra, proud sponsor of the 2020 OFI Plant & Equipment Guide.

Argentina

Plant & technology chart 2020: Sum

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OLEOCHEMICALS Methylesters • Glycerine • Biodiesel Fatty Acids • Fatty Alcohols

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Rono Maschinenbau

oilRoq

Maschinenfabrik Reinartz*

Körting Hannover

INTEC Engineering

VTA Verfahrenstechnische Anlagen

Other

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Cooking/salad oils Butter formulation Shortening/margarine production Vitamin E production Lecithin production Sulphonation Ethoxylation/propoxylation Detergent formulation Detergent production Soap production Soap finishing Cosmetics production Glycerine refining Fatty acid derivatives Pharmaceuticals Biodiesel/methyl ester Other Pneumatic conveyors Belt conveyors Vibratory conveyors Slatted conveyors Elevators Loading arms/chutes Auger feeders Storage silos Storage tanks Other Screens Centrifugal separators Gravity separators Magnetic separators Membrane separators Filter presses Pressure leaf filters Other Packing equipment Instrumentation Pumps/fluid handling Vacuum systems/ejectors Process heating systems Steam boilers Thermal oil heaters Heat recovery systems Other

Extraction

Refining

l l l l

HTI-GESAB

HF Press+LipidTech

GekaKonus

GEA Wiegand

GEA Group,Separation&Flow Technologies

Buss-SMS-Canzler

Bruker Biospin

Centrimax-Winkelhorst Trenntechnik

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Hydrogenation

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Science behind Technology

PROCESS PLANT & EQUIPMENT

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End user processes/equipment

l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l

l l l l l

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l

B+B Engineering

l l

Oilseed crushing mills Solvent extraction Fish oil/meal processing Rendering/fat melting plant l Pelleting mills Other l Degumming l l Winterising l Crystallisation l l Oil distillation/fractionation l l l Alkali & physical refining l l v2-87x265General-OFI-2015.indd 1Interesterification l Miscella refining Deodorisers l l l Bleachers l l Oil dryers l l Fat splitting Fatty acid distillation/fractionation l l l Other l l Hydrogen generators Hydrogen systems l

l l

Storage & handling

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l l l l l l l l l l l l

Air Liquide Engineering & Construction

l l

l l l l l l l l l l l l l

Germany

Serac

Promill

Olexa

France

SPX Flow Technology Danmark

Haarslev Industries

Gerstenberg Services

GEA Process Engineering

Denmark

Czech Republic: Farmet

Myande Group

Jeff International Trading*

FAMSUN Oils&Fats Engineering

Guangzhou Scikoon Industry

l l l l l l l

Screens & filtration

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l l l l l l l l l l l

ANCILLARY EQUIPMENT

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Other equipment

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Crown Asia Engineering

COFCOET

mmary table of company activities

Other equipment

Screens & filtration

ANCILLARY EQUIPMENT

Storage & handling

Hydrogenation & EQUIPMENT End user processes/equipment PROCESS PLANT

PROCESS PLANT & EQIUPMENT

Refining

Hydrogen systems Other Cooking/salad oils Butter formulation Shortening/margarine production Vitamin E production Lecithin production Suplhonation Ethoxylation/propoxylation Detergent formulation Detergent production Soap production Soap finishing Cosmetics production Glycerine refining Fatty acid derivatives Pharmaceuticals Biodiesel/methyl ester Other Pneumatic conveyors Belt conveyors Vibratory conveyors Slatted conveyors Elevators Loading arms/chutes Auger feeders Storage silos Storage tanks Other Screens Centrifugal separators Gravity separators Magnetic separators Membrane separators Filter presses Pressure leaf filters Other Packing equipment Instrumentation Pumps/fluid handling Vacuum systems/ejectors Process heating systems Steam boilers Thermal oil heaters Heat recovery systems Other

*Denote entries from 2019

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Turkey

Sulzer Chemtech*

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Buss ChemTech

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BĂźhler

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Switzerland

Sweden: Alfa Laval Corporate

LIPICO Technologies

Singapore

Serbia: T-1 Ada

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l l

l l l l l l l l

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Van Mourik Crushing Mills*

Niverplast

Geelen Counterflow

Filtration Group BV-Amafilter-LFC Lochem

CPM Europe

Netherlands

l l l

Oiltek*

INTEC Energy Systems

Malaysia

Macfuge Servizi Industriali

l l

l

l l l l l l l l l l l l l

Desmet Ballestra

CMBITALY-TECHOILOGY

CM Bernardini International

Binnachi & Co

Andreotti Impianti

Italy

Vendeep Oiltek Exports

United Engineering (Eastern) Corp

Sharplex Filters

Metech Process Engineers

Kumar Metal Industries*

l l l l l

Muar Ban Lee Group

Oilseed crushing mills Solvent extraction Fish oil/meal processing Rendering/fat melting plant Pelleting mills Other Degumming Winterising Crystallisation Oil distillation/fractionation Alkali & physical refining Interesterification Miscella refining Deodorisers Bleachers Oil dryers Fat splitting Fatty acid distillation/fractionation Other Hydrogen generators

JJ-Lurgi Engineering

Extraction

India

Plant & technology chart 2020: Sum

OLEOCHEMICALS Methylesters • Glycerine • Biodiesel Fatty Acids • Fatty Alcohols

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Hydrogen systems Other

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Butter formulation Shortening/margarine production Vitamin E production Lecithin production

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Sulphonation Ethoxylation/propoxylation Detergent formulation Detergent production

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l l l l l l l l

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Extraction

Leading Oils & Fats technologies 4/30/15 10:34 AM

PREPARATION

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Soap production

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Cleaning • Cracking • Dehulling Conditioning • Flaking • Expanding

PRESSING Full Pressing • Prepressing

End user processes/equipment

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Oilseed crushing mills Solvent extraction Fish oil/meal processing Rendering/fat melting plant Pelleting mills Other Degumming Winterising Crystallisation Oil distillation/fractionation Alkali & physical refining Interesterification Miscella refining Deodorisers Bleachers Oil dryers Fat splitting Fatty acid distillation/fractionation Other Hydrogen generators

EXTRACTION Extractors • Desolventing Toasting Distillation • Solvent Recovery

REFINING Degumming • Neutralising • Bleaching Winterising • Deodorising

FAT MODIFICATION Fractionation • Hydrogenation • Interesterification Storage & handling

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Pope Scientific

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OLEOCHEMICALS Methylesters • Glycerine • Biodiesel Fatty Acids • Fatty Alcohols

Screens & filtration

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Other equipment

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Nel Hydrogen

Crown Americas – Crown Iron Works

Blackmer

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French Oil Mill Machinery

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Anderson International

USA

Oxford Instruments

Crown Europe – Europa Crown

Chemtech International

United Kingdom

Metan FZCO*

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Dupps Company

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United Arab Emirates

Keller & Vardarci Industries

mmary table of company activities

Science behind Technology

Photo: Clariant

BLEACHING EARTHS

With the EU currently looking at legislation to control levels of 3-MCPD esters, bleaching earths play an important role in migitating this critical process contaminant Vinicius Celinski

Adsorbents to tackle 3-MCPD The role of bleaching earths in mitigating 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol ester (3-MCPDE) formation is an important one, especially with the EU currently considering legislation to control its level in food.

Humans are exposed to 3-MCPDEs from consuming refined oils or food products containing refined oils, such as infant formula, dietary supplements, fried potato products and bakery products.

The occurrence of 3-MCPDEs in food oils was first reported in the mid-2000s.

The EU is proposing two maximum thresholds for vegetable and fish oils and fats intended for consumers or for use as food ingredients: • 1,250µg/kg for unrefined oils, refined

20 OFI – JUNE 2020

bleaching earths.indd 2

oils and fats from coconut, maize, rapeseed, olives (except olive pomace oil) sunflower, soyabean and palm kernel and mixtures of oils and fats from this category only.

• 2,500µg/kg for other refined vegetable oils (including olive pomace oil), fish oil and oils of other marine organisms and mixtures of oils and fats from this category only.

Research has shown that 3-MCPDEs are primarily formed during the deodorisation step of edible oil refining. There, the high temperatures that are applied unlock the potential of key factors – such as acidity, chlorine precursor nature and content – to become active.

Even before this step is reached, good u

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where their characterisation, genesis, quantity and mitigation have been a source of debate in the past years.

Due to the very different physical nature of inorganic and organic chlorines, efficient mitigation of these substances calls for individual strategies.

higher temperatures, such as above 2000C u agricultural practice can help mitigate 3-MCPDE formation. to reduce free fatty acids (FFAs), cannot For example, palm oil and palm fats be avoided. have the highest levels of MCPDEs among vegetable oils and reducing the Inorganic vs organic chlorides handling of palm fruits to prevent the It is common to find varying amounts of formation of free fatty acids (FFAs) is inorganic chlorine as part of the natural recommended, along with sterilisation mineral structure of bleaching earths. at temperatures at or below 1400C to Furthermore, it can accumulate in an adsorbent if special care is not taken inactivate lipases. between the many steps involved in To reduce the amount of chlorine producing the finished product such as precursors, farmers can limit the use of mining, transportation, activation and substances such as fertilisers, pesticides washing. and water that have excessive amounts of Confidential Dr. Vinicius Celinski, BU Functional Minerals, Application Development, 21.10.2019 Using greater amounts of well chlorine-containing compounds. processed bleaching clay may reduce the During the refining stage, processors formation of 3-MCPDEs in all vegetable should work at the lowest possible and fish oils. temperatures (ideally at or below 1400C) Organochlorine precursors are mainly and less acidic conditions. found in crude oil prior to processing, However, in practice, the application of

Chlorine precursors and BEs

Clariant has conducted research to examine whether inorganic and organic chlorines turn equally into 3-MCPDEs and feature similar conversion rates.

The company’s Research & Development department also looked at whether a complete mitigation of inorganic chlorine leads to zero 3-MCPDE formation.

Although trivial, it is important to recall what makes up the total chlorine content u

3,0 2,5 2,0

1,5

with BE

1,0 0,5 0,0

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Confidential Amount of total chlorine during bleaching (org. + Dr. Vinicius Celinski, BU Functional Minerals, Application Development, 21.10.2019

12,0 10,0 8,0 with BE

6,0

without BE

4,0 2,0 0,0

inorg.)/µmol

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Amount of total chlorine during bleaching (org. + inorg.)/µmol

• High quality bleaching earth can adsorb a good portion of free inorganic chlorine, contibuting to a mitigation

• Dependency does not cross the y-axis at 0 and is not linear This speaks for the presence of other chlorine precursors

•

14,0

NaCl

Source: Clariant BU FM, Application and Development Dept

3,5

Amount of 3-MCPD esters in 100 g of deodorized oil/µmol

Amount of 3-MCPD esters in 100 g of deodorized oil/µmol

Systematic addition of inorganic chlorine (salt) to palm oil prior to bleaching step

Systematic addition of inorganic chlorine (salt) to palm oil prior to Dependency does not cross the y-axis at 0 and is not • High quality BE can adsorb a good portion of free NaCl bleaching step Figure 1: Systematic additi on of inorganic chlorine (salt) to palm oil prior to bleaching linear. inorganic chlorine, contributing to the mitigation strategy.

1 mol Clforprecursors leadofto 1 mol 3-MCPD esters?.

• Does This speaks the presence other chlorine precursors Conversion efficiency (Total chlorine to 3-MCPD esters)/%

30,0 25,0

Conditions: acid + water degum. at 95°C; wet + dry bleaching at BE dosage: 1,4%; deso at 270°C

R2 R 1

20,0 15,0

with BE without BE

10,0 5,0 0,0

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Amount of total chlorine (org. + inorg.)/µmol

R2

R1

Source: Clariant BU FM, Application and Development Department

u

BLEACHING EARTHS

• The conversion efficiency of chlorine is • The conversion efficiency of precursors chlorine precursors is surprisingly surprisngly under common ning conditions under low common refiningrefi conditions.

R2

• Inorganic chlorine’s conversion efficiency is not constant • Inorganic chlorine’s conversion efficiency is not constant and and appears to be lower than that of organochlorides

appears to be lower than that of organochlorides.

• High performance bleaching earths can efficiently adsorb inorganic • Highchlorine quality bleaching earths can efficiently adsorb inorganic

chlorine.

Figure 2: Systematic addition of inorganic chlorine (salt) to palm oil prior to bleaching – does 1 mol Cl lead to 1 mol 3-MCPD esters?

22 OFI – JUNE 2020

bleaching earths.indd 3

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• Low oil retentions.

• Excellent filtration rates.

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• Reduction of the precursors of 3-MCPD and GE. • Effective stability of oils.

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OFI – JUNE 2020

23

Photo: Clariant

BLEACHING EARTHS

High performance bleaching earths are key to the strategy of mitigating 3-MCPD esters

u of an oil sample, since that influences the mitigation strategy.

In this part of Clariant’s research, the total amount of chlorine represented the sum of organic and inorganic chlorine without differentiating between them.

Chlorine (salt) was systematically added to palm oil prior to bleaching in order to examine whether a complete conversion would be the result (for example, does one mol of chloride lead to one mol of 3-MCPDEs).

It was found that the conversion rate dependency was not linear, speaking for the presence and importance of other chlorine precursors (see Figure 1, previous page).

Furthermore, the conversion efficiency of the inorganic chlorine precursor was surprisingly low under common refining conditions, at 30% even without bleaching earths (see Figure 2, previous page).

The conclusion is that inorganic chlorine’s conversion efficiency is not constant and appears to be lower than that of organochlorines.

Other factors also point to the existence and importance of organochlorines.

For example, washing filter oil with water to reduce the content of inorganic chlorine does not significantly reduce the formation of 3-MCPDEs. In addition, performing the bleaching step with natural bleaching earths (thermally activated, without acid) still often leads to 3-MCPD formation.

Organochlorines

Organochlorines have been identified as the main contributor to the formation of 24 OFI – JUNE 2020

bleaching earths.indd 4

3-MCPDEs, with a sphingolipid-based organochlorine compound shown as the most active precursor, according to research carried out by Malaysia’s Sime Darby Plantation.

Crude palm, soyabean, rapeseed, sunflower, corn, coconut and olive oils were tested for the presence of organochlorine compounds as possible precursors for 3-MCPDEs. The compounds were found in all the vegetable oils tested, according to the study, ‘Natural Organochlorines as Precursors of 3-Monochloropropanediol Esters in Vegetable Oils’, published in December 2017 by the American Chemical Society (AOC).

Further study was made on oil palm products, and analysis of the chlorine isotope mass pattern exhibited in high-resolution mass spectrometry enabled organochlorine compound identification in crude palm oils as constituents of wax esters, fatty acid, diacylglycerols and sphingolipids, which are produced endogenously in oil palm mesocarp throughout ripening.

“Analysis of the thermal decomposition and changes during refining suggested that these naturally-present organochlorine compounds in palm oils, and perhaps in other vegetable oils, are precursors of 3-MCPD esters,” the researchers said.

“Enrichment and dose-response showed a linear relationship to 3-MCPD ester formation and indicated that the sphingolipid-based organochlorine compounds are the most active precursors of 3-MCPDEs.”

Conclusions

The conversion efficiency of inorganic chlorine into 3-MCPDEs is not constant and can be much lower than that of organochlorines.

High performance bleaching earths, produced by paying attention to qualitative and technical prerequisites, can efficiently mitigate inorganic chlorine.

A naturally present organochlorine compound in crude palm oil is an important contributor to the formation of 3-MCPDEs. Better understanding the dynamics of 3-MCPDE formation and accounting for the different physical nature of organic and inorganic chlorines are key to develop tailor-made solutions to efficiently mitigate both types of chlorine precursors.

Therefore, with respect to its entire Tonsil bleaching earth portfolio, Clariant takes various measures to ensure low levels of inorganic chlorine.

These include selective mining with strict specification limits for chlorine levels, the monitoring of transportation and stringent quality control of raw materials and products, in conjunction with rigorous washing of activated bleaching earths as an essential part of the production process.  Dr Vinicius Celinski is the Application Development Manager of the Competence Center Purification of BU Functional Minerals at Clariant AG, Switzerland.

This article is based on a presentation made at the 17th Euro Fed Lipid Congress and Expo in Seville in 2019 Visit www.clariant.com/OilPurification to view the Tonsil bleaching earth portfolio

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BLEACHING EARTHS

Profitable SBE disposal Slurrying spent bleaching earth with oil offers a profitable way to dispose of this waste material Albert J Dijkstra

Bleaching edible oils with bleaching clay generates spent bleaching earth (SBE) and raises the problem of how to get rid of this waste.

When the clay has been used to bleach unsaturated oils, the SBE has a tendency to self-heat and must therefore be classified as a hazardous material, complicating its transport and disposal.

Because of its oil content, SBE has a calorific value that is about equal to that of lignite. Therefore, using it in the production of bricks or cement makes sense by saving on fuel. It can also be used as fuel in a boiler that has been designed to accommodate high-ash fuels like coal or lignite. If this boiler is on site, the need to transport the SBE on public roads is avoided.

Nevertheless, a lot of SBE still ends up in landfills.

Regenerating SBE

Since bleaching clay is an important cost u factor in refinery operation, attempts

Spent bleaching earth can be used in the production of bricks or cement

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taiko_half page bleed.indd 1 OFI June 2020 p25,26,27 correct version.indd 2

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01/06/2020 16:06 17/06/2020 15:24:31

Photo: Xuân Tuấn Anh Dặng, Pixabay

BLEACHING EARTHS

u

V.

20 16:06

Slurrying spent bleaching earth with oil converts this material into a product that can be used in chicken feed

u have been made to regenerate SBE. This regeneration could comprise an extraction and oxidation treatment at elevated temperature to remove the organics that had not been extracted.

In this treatment, the temperature of the clay particles must be kept at, say below 500°C, to prevent them from sintering together, as happens when firing bricks.

Blowing the SBE through a fluidised sand bed to control its temperature (European Patent 0 529 555) is one way of dealing with this problem but regulations concerning the incineration of hazardous waste require the flue gases to be heated to a high temperature to destroy any dioxin that might be inadvertently formed when the residual organics are burnt off. This requirement makes the process too expensive. In addition, any sodium soaps present in the SBE will cause the clay to vitrify and lower its adsorptive capacity.

Recuperating oil

Attempts have also been made to recuperate the oil present in the SBE but because bleaching clay is often acid activated, it catalyses the deterioration of this oil. As reported by Ong in the Journal 26 OFI – JUNE 2020

OFI June 2020 p25,26,27 correct version.indd 3

‘Since bleaching earth is an important cost factor in refinery operations, attempts have been made to regenerate spent bleaching earths of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, (60, 314-315, 1983), SBE that yielded 28% oil when extracted three hours after filter discharge only yielded 4.5% when stored at 70°C for 40 hours. And it should be noted that when the filter cake is discharged, it is hot. Consequently, a high extraction yield was only possible by extracting the filter cake while it was still in the filter. However, using an inflammable solvent made this extraction too expensive.

Given this oil deterioration that is catalysed by bleaching clay, it could be assumed that a process in which SBE is sent to the solvent extractor together with crushed oilseeds would not yield very much oil.

SBE is slurried in crude oil before being fed to the extractor to facilitate its transport by pumping, raising the possibility that the crude oil in the slurry might also deteriorate. Instead of increasing the oil yield, this would actually decrease it.

Therefore, an experiment was carried out in which the industrial slurrying/ extraction process was simulated on a laboratory scale and the organics content of the extracted SBE was determined (A J Dijkstra, Inform, 28, 14-16, 2017).

The experiment showed that slurrying the SBE with crude oil stopped the deterioration of the oil already present in the SBE. Why slurrying SBE with oil prevents oil degeneration has not been investigated but assuming this deterioration requires both the catalytic activity of the acid activated bleaching earth and the presence of oxygen might explain it.

The oil in the slurry expels the oxygen from between the SBE particles and prevents oxygen from reaching them.

Neither will be perfect so given enough time, some oil might still deteriorate but it is now clear that slurrying the SBE with oil slows down the oil deterioration to acceptable levels. This finding has important implications.

Vertically integrated oil mills

One implication is that extracting SBE together with the seed becomes very attractive. It increases the oil yield and because the oil price is always much higher than the meal price, it is therefore more profitable than mixing the SBE with the meal. Moreover, the extraction residue causes a lower decrease of the protein level of the meal.

Consequently, meal with a protein content that is near the specification limit may remain within this limit by incorporating the extraction residue whereas it would be outside if the full-fat SBE were mixed into the meal.

If hulls are mixed with the meal to maintain its protein content at the specification limit, the amount of hulls has to be lowered by the amount of the SBE extraction residue. Accordingly, this residue is sold at meal price minus hull price. The finding that slurrying SBE with oil and sending the slurry to the extractor is therefore a profitable way of SBE disposal.

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17/06/2020 15:24:35

BLEACHING EARTHS One issue raised is that the purpose of bleaching is to remove unwanted compounds and that extracting the SBE would reintroduce these compounds into the crude oil. However, several journal articles have reported on the properties of the extracted oil, which was very much like crude oil. Apparently, the unwanted compounds are strongly bound to the bleaching earth and are not extracted. The oil in the SBE is just physically occluded and it is this oil that is extracted.

Stand-alone refineries

Unfortunately, the applicability of extracting SBE is limited to vertically integrated oil mills serving their own refineries. So what about stand-alone refineries? What is the best way for them to dispose of their SBE? Again, use can be made of the finding that slurrying the SBE with oil slows down the oil deterioration to acceptable levels.

Slurrying the SBE with oil converts this hazardous waste material into a non-hazardous material that can be freely transported outside the refinery boundary limits. It can be transported to an animal feed compounder as an ingredient for chicken feed. Chickens need some linoleic acid and this is bound to be present in the SBE and/or the crude oil used to slurry the SBE. They also need energy which the oil will provide after having been digested.

To feed compounders, this slurry is therefore a valuable ingredient that they should be willing to pay for. Some 40 years ago, SBE was fed to chickens and the diet was well accepted.

“The rate of laying by hens and the weight gain of chicks were not affected by diets containing 10 or 20% SBE”(O Herstad, Acta Agricultura Scandinavica, 26, 87-93, 1979).

Fortunately, there are chickens all over the world. Global egg production stands at some 80M tonnes and chicken meat production is close to 1,000M tonnes.

treatment generate waste products (gums) that vary in composition and are therefore generally useless. Tank bottoms could be treated by this high-temperature hydrolysis process and yield valuable fatty acids.

In summary, vertically integrated oil mills-cum-refineries can profitably extract their SBE by slurrying this waste product with oil to stop the degradation of the oil already present in the SBE and pumping this slurry to the extractor.

For stand-alone refineries, the most profitable way of SBE disposal is again by slurrying the SBE and selling the slurry

to compound feed manufacturers as an ingredient in chicken feed. In future, hightemperature hydrolysis may recover fatty acids from SBE and also treat other fatty waste streams.  Dr Albert J Dijkstra is a former R&D director of the Belgian Vandemoortele Group and is now active as a scientific consultant, author, editor and reviewer. This feature is based on the article, ‘What to do with Spent Bleaching Earth? A review’ (DOI: 10.1002/ aocs.12358), to be published shortly in the Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society (JAOCS)

High temperature hydrolysis

Are there any other profitable ways of SBE disposal? Perhaps in the future. Three years ago, I suggested the development of a high-temperature hydrolysis process that could treat all kinds of fatty waste (A J Dijkstra, Lipid Technology, 29, 3-5, 2017).

If this process is used to treat SBE, it would produce fatty acids and a nonhazardous extraction residue that could be easily disposed of. SBE would not be the only raw material for this hydrolysis process.

Various degumming processes such as acid refining and enzymatic gum www.ofimagazine.com

OFI June 2020 p25,26,27 correct version.indd 4

natural bleach_mini_ofi.indd 1

OFI – JUNE07/06/2019 2020 2716:54

17/06/2020 15:24:36

BLEACHING EARTHS Bleaching earths are well known for their pigment removal properties, hence the name bleaching earth.

They are also an important absorbent for many other impurities in oils including primary and secondary oxidation products, residual gums, soaps and metals.

Each of these impurities, if not removed, would adversely affect the properties of the oil.

This article focuses on the importance of bleaching earths in the removal of metals from edible oils. The presence of metals in fully refined oils leads to colour reversion and oxidation of the oil during storage and use, resulting in the development of off-odours, off-flavours, rancidity and a shorter shelf life. Some metals, if accumulated in the body, may also be toxic.

Metal sources

There are two main sources of metals in edible oils – endogenous and exogenous.

Endogenous sources of metals are from where the plant grows, such as the soil, water, pesticides and fertiliser. Exogenous sources of metals are from the handling and processing of the oil crop, including transport, storage, crushing, extraction, refining and hydrogenation processes.

Endogenous sources are responsible for the presence of those metals that are beneficial to the growth and development of plants and humans, such as sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, zinc and copper. However, some potentially harmful heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, nickel and copper may also be present as pollutants in the environment, such as in ground waters. Cadmium and lead contaminants accumulate in the body as they have long half-lives and can be present from fuel and industrial emissions.

Exogenous sources of iron and copper are present due to corrosion and erosion of processing and handling equipment. Rust from mild steel and copper from brass or bronze fittings are common sources.

Iron and copper are catalysts for the oxidation of the oil. Iron catalyses the formation of hydroperoxides, and copper catalyses the decomposition of the hydroperoxides to secondary oxidation products. Iron and copper together synergically promote rapid oxidation of the oil. It should be noted that no copper or copper containing metals should come into contact with the oil at any stage, from harvesting until final use.

Residual sodium in the form of soap may be present in chemically neutralised oil. Transition metals, such as nickel, copper and chromium, are present in post 28 OFI – JUNE 2020

metal and bleaching earths.indd 2

Removal of m The presence of metals in fully refined oils leads to colour reversion and oxidation, resulting in off-odours, off-flavours, rancidity and a shorter shelf life. Bleaching earths play an important role in removing metal impurities from edible oils Patrick Howes refined hydrogenated oils, resulting from the use of hydrogenation catalyst.

Removal and reduction of metals All metals present in the oil, regardless of their source, need to be removed or reduced, in order to produce wholesome and stable refined oil.

The reduction of the concentration of metals take place at various stages in the refining of the crude oil. Washing of the oil will remove some of the metals.

In chemical refining, the caustic neutralisation and washing steps will help greatly in the removal of metals.

Degumming also helps reduce the concentration of metals.

In physical refining, the caustic treatment and washing stages are eliminated, and the degummed oil normally goes directly to the bleacher.

The demands on the bleaching stage in physical refining are therefore much higher than for chemical refining.

Therefore, the bleaching earth consumption is higher for physical refining compared with chemical refining.

As the degummed and optionally caustic-treated and washed oil proceeds to the bleacher, there remains traces of metals that need to be removed. The metals are present in several inorganic and organic forms, such as as gums and soaps.

Some pigments carry metals, such as chlorophyll which contains magnesium.

There are various mechanisms involved in the removal of the different forms of the metals present.

Metals in different forms

Metals such as calcium and magnesium can be present as salts of phosphatidic

www.ofimagazine.com

11/06/2020 15:03:21

BLEACHING EARTHS Endogenous sources of metals are from where the plant grows, such as the soil, water, pesticides and fertiliser

metals acid (PA/M++) and of phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE/M++), which are oil soluble.

If not removed at the degumming stage, the remaining traces of these metal-containing gums can be removed by bleaching earths. It has been proposed that the phosphorus in the gums bonds at the octahedral alumina sites in smectite bleaching earths, with additional interactions with the silica hydroxyl groups of the silica fronds in acid-leached bentonites.

The cation exchange capacity (CEC) has also been linked with the ability of bleaching earths to remove metals.

Natural clays such as attapulgite and sepiolite have a CEC of below 40meq/100g, whereas bentonite typically has a much higher CEC of about 70 to 130meq/100. Acid-leached bentonites (acid-activated bleaching earths) will have a lower CEC, than natural bentonites, due to the removal of part of the structurally charge-generating isomorphically substituted octahedral layer during the acid-leaching process. Overall, the ranking of CEC is bentonite>acid-leached bentonite>sepiolite>attapulgite.

Residual traces of soaps are removed by bleaching earths by two main mechanisms; by absorption and soap splitting/ion-exchange.

Soap is absorbed on the surface of bleaching earths, thus removing the metal present in soap form. However, if the residual soap level is too high, there is a resulting reduction in the bleaching performance of soap-coated bleaching earth particles.

Splitting occurs when soap is in contact with acid-activated bleaching earths, resulting in ion-exchange of the metal with the acidic site in the bleaching earths, and the free fatty acid (FFA) part of the soap remains in the oil, as seen from the resulting rise in FFA of the oil. This is why FFA rise occurs in chemically-refined oils that have not been washed free of soaps.

Moisture must be removed from the

oil before filtration of the spent bleaching earth, otherwise the filters will clog.

However, the presence of moisture in the oil during bleaching has been shown to be beneficial for the improved removal of trace metals, and some pigments.

The presence of 1% moisture in soyabean and palm oils during the bleaching process has been shown to improve the removal of copper by about 10%, and improves the removal of iron by about 30%.

The design of the bleacher system must be such that the moisture is removed before the oil is sent for filtration of the spent bleaching earth. Live dry-steam agitated multi-compartment bleachers work well with wet bleaching.

Hydrogenation of refined oils utilises transition metal catalysts. The catalyst is removed from the hydrogenated oil by filtration, but traces of catalyst particles and soluble transition-metal soaps remain in the hydrogenated oil.

Treating the oil with bleaching earth, followed by removal of the spent bleaching by filtration can remove the residual catalyst and transition metal soaps.

A further deodorisation of the hydrogenated oil may be required.

However, the use of activated carbon blended bleaching earths may remove the need for post-hydrogenation deodorisation. ď Ź Dr Patrick Howes is technical director of Natural Bleach Sdn Bhd, Malaysia

www.sepiolsa.com Ph: +34 949 010 000 bleachingearth@sepiolsa.com

www.ofimagazine.com

metal and bleaching earths.indd 3

OFI – JUNE 2020

29

11/06/2020 15:03:23

PACKAGING

Waste not, want not

According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (UN), 1.6bn tonnes of food worth about US$1.2 trillion is lost or goes to waste each year.

That is approximately one-third of the total amount of food produced globally.

There are many reasons for this misuse of resources but the UN says the five key drivers are “lack of awareness of the issue and of possible solutions, inadequate supply chain infrastructure, supply chain efficiency efforts that do not focus sufficiently on food loss and waste, weak collaboration across the value chain and insufficient regulations”.

One factor to consider is how the food is packaged, as this can be part of the problem but also part of the solution.

Peter Maddox, director of WRAP, a not-for-profit organisation working to encourage sustainable sourcing and use of the world’s resources, says: “The way food and drink is packaged, labelled and priced can influence household food waste, and retailers and brands are uniquely placed to help minimise food waste in the home.”

If a product is not sealed appropriately, its shelf life can be reduced. The humble induction seal has played a part in increasing shelf life as it creates a hermetic seal on the neck of the packaging container and also reduces leakages and spoilage.

Its adoption by the dairy industry is a good example. With 99% of the UK’s dairy industry turning to induction heat sealing on milk packaging, leakage rates are now at <0.001%. One Australian milk brand experienced a growth in sales and a shelf life improvement for its milk from 12 to 14 days following its introduction on its products.

However, the process of applying the 30 OFI – JUNE 2020

Packaging Gill.indd 4

Photo: Selig

Good packaging reduces food spoilage and increases the shelf life of products.

Induction heat sealing is used extensively on PET packaging for foods that contain high levels of oils and fats, although this method can be challenging in glass containers Peter Tindale liner to the container, to achieve the desired hermetic, tamper-evident and easily removable seal, is critical to its success. Several key process conditions must be met and maintained throughout the filling operation to guarantee successful container sealing on a fastmoving filling line.

Induction heat sealing is a non-contact method involving close control of three key parameters: pressure, heat and time.

Pressure is needed for the liner to have an even seal to the lip of the container opening and is achieved by the torque heads of the capper when placing the closure onto the filled container. Heat is then applied via electromagnetic induction coils that raise the temperature of the aluminium foil liner sufficiently to melt a thin polymer layer between the foil and the neck of the closure. Finally, the amount of time that the closure passes beneath the induction coil and the following cooling period determines the success of the sealing bond.

Packaging challenges

Research shows that glass and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles are suitable for food contact materials in the edible oil sector and provide adequate protection during oil shelf life.

The PET bottles are usually sealed using plastic press-on hinge closures, or screw lid caps with plastic inners. For foods that contain high levels of oils and fats, such as nut butters and other sauces and condiments, induction heat sealing has been extensively used on PET packaging to achieve a strong seal and promote extended shelf life.

However, the sealing of high oil or fat content products in glass containers is a challenge due to the same process of induction heat sealing being problematic on glass. This makes it difficult for packaging companies to guarantee a fully hermetic seal around the rim of glass containers using induction heated liners particularly when there is a risk of oil, wax or cream from the product being filled contaminating the neck of the container.

Steam-applied metal caps are sometimes used to try to overcome this problem but they are expensive, timeconsuming and not always effective. They are also impossible to remove by hand if the consumer’s grip strength is limited.

Selig’s GlassFuze solution, for example, combines increased adhesion to glass with a good resistance to oil penetration.

Perfect peanut butter

For one UK food producer, the oiliness of peanut butter meant its glass jars were not maintaining a 100% hermetic seal and leakage was becoming a source of customer dissatisfaction. Switching to plastic packaging was not an option.

To resolve the issue, Selig replaced the original seal with its DELTASEAL liner, combined with GlassFuze heat sealing technology. The DELTASEAL liner incorporates a polymer lamination between the foil and board of the seal so that when opened, the foil remains on the container, showing tamper evidence.  Peter Tindale is sales director at Selig, a global manufacturer of tamper evident cap and closure lining materials for a range of sectors including food and beverage, pharmaceutical, cosmetics and healthcare www.ofimagazine.com

04/06/2020 15:20:09

DIARY OF EVENTS 15-17 July 2020

17 September 2020

6-7 October 2020

10-11 November 2020

17th Global Oleochem Summit 2020 Xiamen, China https://webshow.ienmore. com/?activityId= 1368&languageType=1

Black Sea Oil Trade Fairmont Grand Hotel Kiev Ukraine www.ukragroconsult.com/en/ conference/bso2020

10th ICIS Asian Surfactants Conference Singapore www.icisevents.com/ehome/ asiansurfactants/contact_us/

14-15 August 2020

Biofuels International Conference & Expo Brussels Belgium www.biofuels-news.com/ conference/biofuels/biofuels_ index_2020.php

21-24 September 2020

Palmex Thailand 2020 ICC Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand http://thaipalmoil.com

Bio Impact Ag & Environment Raleigh Convention Center North Carolina, USA www.bio.org/events/ bio-impact

24 August 2020 Biofuels Environmental, Health & Safety Forum Minneapolis Convention Center, USA www.fuelethanolworkshop. com/ema/DisplayPage. aspx?pageId=Biofuels_ Enivornmental__Health___ Safety_Forum_Precon 24-26 August 2020 Biodiesel Production Technology Summit Minneapolis Convention Center, USA www.biodieseltechnology summit.com/ema/ DisplayPage. aspx?pageId=About_Us 24-26 August 2020 Ethanol 101 Minneapolis Convention Center, USA http://fuelethanolworkshop. com/ema/DisplayPage. aspx?pageId=Ethanol_101_ Pre_Conference 24-26 August 2020 International Fuel Ethanol Workshop & Expo Minneapolis Convention Center, USA http://fuelethanolworkshop. com/

22-23 September 2020 Future of Biofuels Copenhagen Denmark https://fortesmedia. com/future-of-biofuels2020,4,en,2,1,5.html

6-8 October 2020 Bulk Terminals 2020 Riga Latvia www.bulkterminals.org/ events.html 6-8 October 2020 Plant Protein Science and Technology Forum Chicago USA https://plantprotein.aocs.org/

22-24 September 2020

22-23 October 2020

Oils and Fats Industry Exhibition Kiev, Ukraine https://oil.agroinkom.com.ua/

7th High Oleic Oils Congress Toulouse France http://higholeicmarket.com/ hoc-2019/

23-24 September 2020 Future of Surfactants Summit Boston, USA www.wplgroup.com/aci/ event/surfactants-summitamerica/ 24-25 September 2020 29th FEFAC Congress Queen Elisabeth Hall Antwerp Belgium www.fefac.eu/fefac-events/ other-meetings/27740/

29-30 October 2020 4th ICIS Pan American Oleochemicals Conference Miami USA www.icisevents.com/ehome/ panamoleochemicals/home 30 October-1 November 2020 Globoil India 2020 Goa India www.globoilindia.com

6-7 October 2020

2-4 November 2020

Oleofuels 2020 Marseille France https://www.wplgroup.com/ aci/event/oleofuels/

World Bio Markets Passenger Terminal Amsterdam The Netherlands www.worldbiomarkets.com

16-18 September 2020 10th ICIS World Surfactants Conference Hyatt Regency Jersey City New Jersey, USA www.icisevents.com/ worldsurfactants www.ofimagazine.com

Diary June 2020.indd 1

For a full events list, visit: www.ofimagazine.com

11-12 November 2020 Nordic Lipid Forum Gothenburg Sweden https://lipidforum.info/nordiclipid-forum-seminar-2020/ 7-9 December 2020 10th International Conference on Algal Biomass, Biofuels and Bioproducts (AlgaBBB 2020) Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania USA www.elsevier.com/events/ conferences/internationalconference-on-algal-biomassbiofuels-and-bioproducts 25-26 February 2021 OFIC 2021 Hotel Istana Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia http://mosta.org.my/events/ ofic-2021/ 2-5 May 2021 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo Portland, Oregon USA www.aocs.org/attendmeetings/industry-events 14-16 September 2021 oils+fats Munich 2021 Messe Munich Germany www.oils-and-fats.com/index. html 17-20 October 2021 EuroFed Lipid Congress and Expo Leipzig, Germany www.eurofedlipid.org 8-10 November 2021 AOCS Australasian Section Meeting Newcastle, Australia www.aocs.org/attendmeetings/industry-events OFI â&#x20AC;&#x201C; JUNE 2020

31

15/06/2020 14:51:41

STATISTICS STATISTICAL NEWS

China soyabean imports, future balance for Brazil/USA? S&P Global Platts

EU vegetable oil and Brent crude oil prices

LMC International

Daily spreads of soft oils vs CPO in Rotterdamn

LMC International

Jan 20

Feb 20

Mar 20

Apr 20

May 20

Soyabean

826.1

857.3

772.8

695.3

661.8

677.3

Crude palm

772.5

801.6

718.7

625.6

569.2

538.9

720.0

728.3

656.7

583.9

531.6

520.2

1,038.4

1,015.1

884.0

863.5

852.2

848.3

Rapeseed

918.8

935.3

870.3

783.0

769.0

812.3

Sunflower

803.9

841.4

762.7

701.0

740.5

752.9

Palm kernel

977.1

991.7

830.0

734.5

715.6

663.0

Average

865.0

882.0

785.0

712.0

691.0

688.0

Index

205.0

209.0

186.0

169.0

164.0

163.0

32 OFI – JUNE 2020

Stats.indd 1

Mintec

Dec 19

Coconut

EU vegetable oil and Brent crude oil price band The vegetable oil price band sets the range in which EU vegetable oil prices trade, according to an LMC International presentation at the OFI 9 June webinar.

Brent crude oil is the floor of the band, and the top of the band has a price of the Brent crude oil price + US$525.

For crude palm oil (CPO), the price is Brent + US$425. The edible oil market was recently near the top of the band but has been dragged down by the collapse in crude oil prices.

Competition between soft oils and palm oil The daily spreads between soft oils (soyabean, rapeseed and sunflower oils) over crude palm oil (CPO) disappeared for a short while for sunflower and soyabean oils at the start of 2020 but then widened as CPO demand fell and stocks started to rise due to COVID-19, according to an LMC International presentation at the OFI 9 June webinar.

The spreads have fallen back after the run-up in CPO prices. Sunflower oil has also ceased to be the cheapest soft oil. Its supplies are low, with little to spare, as the market awaits the next Black Sea crop to be crushed.

Prices of selected oils (US$/tonne)

Palm olein

China’s soyabean imports Chinese soyabean imports and crush have rebounded in the current marketing year with further gains expected from September in the new 2020/21 season, according to S&P Global Platts’ presentation at the 9 June OFI webinar.

Soyabean imports are forecast to reach 90M tonnes in 2019/2020 and 94M tonnes in 2020/21. Crushing is expected to reach 87M tonnes in 2019/20 and 90M tonnes in 2020/21.

To meet imports under the Phase 1 trade deal with the USA, China’s soyabean imports from Brazil would need to fall to 10M tonnes and rise to some 84M tonnes from the USA.

Mintec provides independent insight and data to help companies make informed commercial decisions. Tel: +44 (0)1628 851313; E-mail: sales@mintecglobal.com Web: www.mintecglobal.com S&P Global Platts is a leading independent provider of information, benchmark prices and analytics for the energy and commodities markets LMC International is an independent consulting firm specialising in global agricultural commodities and agribusiness

www.ofimagazine.com

16/06/2020 18:11:57

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