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ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN V FOR THE PROPOSED 2-STOREY LIBRARY AT JALAN SULTAN MAHMUD, 45000 MUKIM KUALA SELANGOR, DAERAH KUALA SELANGOR, SELANGOR DARUL EHSAN, MALAYSIA

FOR DIPLOMA IN ARCHICTECTURE ALFA INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE

QUAH QIU YU ALFA2013-0065 ALFA INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE CT-11, CORPORATE TOWER, SUBANG JAYA, JALAN SS15/4G, 47500 SUBANG JAYA, SELANGOR DARUL EHSAN

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN V FOR THE PROPOSED 2-STOREY LIBRARY AT JALAN SULTAN MAHMUD, 45000 MUKIM KUALA SELANGOR, DAERAH KUALA SELANGOR, SELANGOR DARUL EHSAN, MALAYSIA

FOR DIPLOMA IN ARCHICTECTURE ALFA INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE

QUAH QIU YU ALFA2013-0065 ALFA INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE CT-11, CORPORATE TOWER, SUBANG JAYA, JALAN SS15/4G, 47500 SUBANG JAYA, SELANGOR DARUL EHSAN

Table of Contents

Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 1 – Urban Data Collection ............................................................................................ 2 1.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 2 1.2 Findings ............................................................................................................................... 30 Chapter 2 – Design Proposal .................................................................................................... 33 2.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 33 2.2 S. W. O. C. Analytical Studies .............................................................................................. 41 2.3 Conceptual and Planning .................................................................................................... 43 2.4 Presentation Drawings ........................................................................................................ 49 Chapter 3 – Technical & Structural Studies .............................................................................. 58 3.1 Structural Studies ................................................................................................................ 58 3.2 Construction Materials ....................................................................................................... 60 Chapter 4 – Appendix ............................................................................................................... 67 4.1 Working Drawings................................................................................................................ 67 Chapter 5 – Summary ............................................................................................................... 76 5.1 Summary ............................................................................................................................. 76

Acknowledgements

I am very grateful to the Almighty God for without His graces and blessings, this final design report book would not have been possible. Immeasurable appreciation and deepest gratitude for the help and support are extended to the following persons who in one way or another have contributed and helped me throughout making this project possible to be completed within time given and as per requirement. First and foremost, a special thanks to my studio master, Mr Naufal Puteh who guided us during the progress of Design V project, providing endless support, continuous patience, and supervision throughout the project. I also wish to acknowledge several lecturers who contributed by reviewing, advising and giving suggestions or ideas into my project. They include Miss Siti Zaiton, Mr Wan Mohd Fakhzan, and Mr Zul Fadzly Mohd Salleh. Sincere gratitude is also hereby extended to my fellow classmates and collegemates who never ceased in helping and sharing their knowledge as well as for their encouragement and moral support which kept me determined and motivated to successfully accomplish this final project. The account of our acknowledgement will remains incomplete if we do not express our sincere appreciations and gratitude to parents whose deep love and utmost care cherished our lives their prayers and concern always been a source of inspiration to us throughout our academic career. For all of that, from the bottom of my heart, thank you again for the cooperation and contribution that has driven me to accomplish this project. To wrap all these in one, May God bless you all.

2.1 INTRODUCTION PRECEDENT STUDY 1 [BISHAN PUBLIC LIBRARY, SINGAPORE] Project Overview Location Architects Client Area Building Type Project Year

: 5 Bishan PI, Singapore 579841 : LOOK Architects, Singapore : National Library Board, Singapore : 4,293 m² : Public Library : 2006

The 4-storey public library with a basement and roof terrace seeks to create an environment of learning through an architectural journey of discovery Figure: Site Plan and play. The Bishan Public Library has a collection size of 220,000 and targets community of Residents of Bishan, Marymount and Upper Thomson. The design is inspired by the concept of a tree canopy and tree houses to create a vibrant and engaging atmosphere inside. Set within a busy mixedneighborhood and close to a mass transit station, the bright and cheery library was designed to stir the curiosity of the community. Building Features The design aims to evoke memories and sensations of reading in a tree house, with: • The use of skylights, trellises and coloured glass both inside and outside to filter the incoming natural daylight resulted in a myriad of shades and colours. • An internal atrium ensures the penetration of natural light deep into the building’s main circulation zone, as well as most of the library floors. • The back western wall shields the building from the harsh evening sun. • The use of post-tensioned floor slabs means that there are minimal internal columns and floor space is maximized.

Space Programming • • •

Individual pods cantilevered off the building’s main facade and in the building’s atrium act like tree houses and provide visitors private space for reading and study; creating sense of individuality within the library. A gently sloping ramp leads people from the street level up to the collection zone through the atrium and also acts as an efficient discharge route for large crowds. Exploiting its potential of noise segregation, the basement was designed to house the children's section, defining a subterranean cavern-like realm where imagination can run free.

Entrance

Figure: First Floor Plan

Figure: Fourth Floor Plan

Figure: Section

PRECEDENT STUDY 2 [VASCONCELOS LIBRARY, MEXICO] Project Overview Location Architects Client Area Building Type Project Year

: Mexico DF, Mexico : Alberto Kalach : CONACULTA : 38,091 m² : Library : 2007

Mexico City's Biblioteca Vasconcelos (Vasconcelos Library), is a library dedicated to José Vasconcelos, the philosopher and former presidential candidate and former president of the National Library of Mexico. The project integrates the public library with a botanical garden. A 250 meter steel, concrete and glass structure surrounded by greenery and water. Figure: Site Plan

• • • •

Kalach’s design was driven by four fundamental considerations:

Mexico City is one of the largest, most polluted and agresive urban environments in the planet. We believe that the planning of public funded buildings should always encourage the expansion of car-free open spaces and greenery. The speciﬁc area where the project was built was a barren urban landscape. The buildings and gardens generate a new pole of urban ecological regeneration that expands over a densely populated area. The library is itself an attempt at reorganizing available human knowledge.

As the library houses human knowledge, and the garden is planted with a rich sample of local ﬂora. The result is a symbiosis of natural and cultural learning environments.

Building Features • • • •

The heavy concrete structure is lightened with an extensive glass enclosure. The facade’s horizontal strata provide ample shading for the reading areas beneath the transparent skin. Inside, central media stacks appear to ﬂoat above the grand lobby. Their orthogonal plan is staggered in section, creating an intricate network of pathways and balconies that resemble a plant’s root system.

Figure: The Stacks

Figure: The Conﬁguration

Space Programming •

The library consists of three levels above the ground level and the underground parking. The botanical garden, just like the books and computers inside the library is a source of knowledge and acts to educate the visitors of the library.

•

Horizontally the nave is divided into three parts by two service cores that coincide with the constructive joints, resulting in six sections which generate the ten principal areas demanded by the library science program.

•

The stacks and the reading rooms work in the same way. The ground floor opens up with a great lobby. It constitutes a level of interchange between the controlled areas of the library and those with free access, and is flanked by the general, cultural, and special services of the complex, including museum, gallery, gift shop, post office, and an e-Mexico cell as well as meeting rooms and adminstrative offices.

Figure: Ground Floor Plan

Figure: First Floor Plan

Figure: Second Floor Plan

COMPARISON BETWEEN BISHAN PUBLIC LIBRARY AND VASCONCELOS LIBRARY

S. W. O. C. ANALITICAL STUDIES Strength

Weakness

Opportunity

Constraint

2.3 CONCEPTUAL AND PLANNING ISSUE & FINDINGS

LOW EDUCATION LEVEL

Primary 20%

Tertiary 20%

Secondary 60%

As surveys and interviews have done within the local community of Kuala Selangor, it can be concluded that the level of education in the town is low. It is analyzed that there is lack of institutional facilities provided for the local community hence, contributing to such factor. Besides, majority were caused of economical issues whereas others were to lack of interest and passion in learning, as they were not aware of the importance of education. In consequence, we had also discovered that there were less awareness and sense of appreciation shown by the communities towards the existing values of Kuala Selangor.

IDEA : SYMBIOSIS Means 'living together’. A relationship between two or more diﬀerent kinds - live and interact closely in such a way either or both species beneﬁt. Both symbionts work with and depend on each other.

CONCEPT : INTER ACTION- CONNECTION CONCEPTUAL STATEMENT : To increase the educational level as well as to promote the importance of existing signiﬁcant values of Kuala Selangor by creating a relationship that engages the communities with correspondence knowledge that is acquired through education and experience via providing an interactive learning environment. 4.2METRE HEIGHT RAMP DYNAMIC FACADE OPEN ATRIUM SEMI-OPENED READING STEPS (AMPHITEATRE) GREEN ROOF

CONCEPTUAL PERSPECTIVE

DESIGN OBJECTIVE

DESIGN STRATEGY

DESIGN APPROACH

ARRANGEMENT PLAN

SPACE PLANNING

Ground Floor Space Planning

First Floor Space Planning

SCHEDULE OF ACCOMMODATION

FRONT ELEVATION

RIGHT ELEVATION

REAR ELEVATION

LEFT ELEVATION

13 PERSPECTIVE A

14 PERSPECTIVE B

PERSPECTIVE C

PERSPECTIVE D

3.1 STRUCTURAL STUDIES

17 DETAIL OF METAL ROOFING SECTION

18 DETAIL OF GREEN ROOF SECTION

19 DETAIL OF DOUBLE-GLAZED CURTAIN WALL SECTION

20 DETAIL OF WALL PANELLING SECTION

3.2 CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS 3.2.1 ROOFING METAL ROOFING

Metal structures can be derived from trapezoidal sheet or truss. Constructions made of metal, steel or aluminium, consist of belts and diagonal bars of infilling. The construction of such structures does not require formwork or powerful pumps. Deformation and stability in the design of metal truss structures are of great importance. Height of trapezoidal plate affects the size of a range that can also handle its load capacity. Steel sheet Bridges made of steel structures have relatively small own weight, so we tend to form their floor structure of light weight. In this case, a trapezoidal sheet, as trapezoidal fold, is one of the possible bearings of a floor construction of the bridge. As a flat pavement over the trapezoidal are installed flat sheet panels, and a wearing course runs through them. Steel trusses Structures can be made of steel trusses, over the various forms of base. Besides the roof folded construction, the construction of boundary walls is performed as lattice folded structure. This type of constructions can handle a wide range. They are used in the design of large halls, sports facilities and exhibition pavilions, since their artistic expression contributes to the visual identity of the object.

GREEN ROOF

A green roof or living roof is a roof of a building that is partially or completely covered with vegetation and a growing medium, planted over a waterproofing membrane. It may also include additional layers such as a root barrier and drainage and irrigation systems. Green roofs serve several purposes for a building, such as absorbing rainwater, providing insulation, creating a habitat for wildlife, increasing benevolence and decreasing stress of the people around the roof by providing a more aesthetically pleasing landscape, and helping to lower urban air temperatures and mitigate the heat island effect. They effectively utilize the natural functions of plants to filter water and treat air in urban and suburban landscapes.

Green Roof Benefits: i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. vii. viii.

Economic Benefits Improves Stormwater Management Reduces Urban Heat Island Effect and Improves Air Quality Insulates the Building Improves Efficiency of Mechanical Equipment Reduces Greenhouse Gas Emissions Extends Roof Life Provides Urban Amenities

3.2.2 WALL/ FAĂ‡ADE DOUBLE-GLAZED CURTAIN WALL A curtain wall system is an outer covering of a building in which the outer walls are non-structural, but merely keep the weather out and the occupants in. As the curtain wall is non-structural it can be made of a lightweight material, reducing construction costs. When glass is used as the curtain wall, a great advantage is that natural light can penetrate deeper within the building. The curtain wall faĂ§ade does not carry any dead load weight from the building other than its own dead load weight. The wall transfers horizontal wind loads that are incident upon it to the main building structure through connections at floors or columns of the building. A curtain wall is designed to resist air and water infiltration, sway induced by wind and seismic forces acting on the building, and its own dead load weight forces. Curtain wall systems are typically designed with extruded aluminum members, although the first curtain walls were made of steel. The aluminium frame is typically infilled with glass, which provides an architecturally pleasing building, as well as benefits such as daylighting. However, parameters related to solar gain control such as thermal comfort and visual comfort are more difficult to control when using highly glazed curtain walls. Other common infills include: stone veneer, metal panels, louvres, and operable windows or vents. Double-pane and triple-pane glass panels can effectively enhance thermal performance in a curtain wall. A doubleglazed panel combines two glass panels, creating an air space between the panels, while a triple-glazed panel has two separate air spaces. Use of these panels provides improved insulation and condensation control, and allows for between-glass shading options, such as blinds or pleated shades. 62

TIMBER SHADING LOUVRES SYSTEM The use of sun control and shading devices is an important aspect of many energy-efficient building design strategies. In particular, buildings that employ passive solar heating or daylighting often depend on well-designed sun control and shading devices. Solar shading louver systems are one of the most effective ways to reduce air conditioning loads, while offering designers the opportunity for distinctive architectural impact. Radiation from the sun is transmitted, absorbed and reflected by the louvers. As a result solar heat gain is prevented from passing into the building. If an operable system is chosen, the adjustable louvers will track the position of the sun increasing the systems shading effectiveness and further reducing glare. On overcast days, the operable louvers can be opened to maximize the natural daylight into the building. The design of effective shading devices will depend on the solar orientation of a particular building facade. Exterior shading devices are particularly effective in conjunction with clear glass facades. However, high-performance glazings are now available that have very low shading coefficients (SC). When specified, these new glass products reduce the need for exterior shading devices. Thus, solar control and shading can be provided by a wide range of building components including: i. ii. iii. iv. v.

Landscape features such as mature trees or hedge rows; Exterior elements such as overhangs or vertical fins; Horizontal reflecting surfaces called light shelves; Low shading coefficient (SC) glass; and, Interior glare control devices such as Venetian blinds or adjustable louvers.

GREEN WALL A green wall is a wall partially or completely covered with greenery that includes a growing medium, such as soil. Most green walls also feature an integrated water delivery system. Green walls are also known as living walls or vertical gardens. It is useful to distinguish green walls from green facades. Green walls have growing media supported on the face of the wall (as described below), while green facades have soil only at the base of the wall (in a container or in ground) and support climbing plants on the face of the wall to create the green, or vegetated, facade. Green walls may be indoors or outside, freestanding or attached to an existing wall, and come in a great variety of sizes. Green walls are found most often in urban environments where the plants reduce overall temperatures of the building. Living walls may also be a means for water reuse. The plants may purify slightly polluted water (such as greywater) by absorbing the dissolved nutrients. Bacteria mineralize the organic components to make them available to the plants. Living walls are particularly suitable for cities, as they allow good use of available vertical surface areas. They are also suitable in arid areas, as the circulating water on a vertical wall is less likely to evaporate than in horizontal gardens. The living wall could also function for urban agriculture, urban gardening, or for its beauty as art. It is sometimes built indoors to help alleviate sick building syndrome.

3.2.3 FLOORING CORK FLOORING

Cork is the outer bark layer of the cork oak tree which can be harvested without harming the tree itself.

Cork flooring is made by removing the bark of the Cork Oak (Quercus Suber) without harming the tree (if harvested correctly); as such, it is a renewable and sustainable resource. It is naturally anti-microbial and has excellent insulation properties, ensuring minimal heat loss and comfortable warm walking surface. Cork is low in volatile organic compounds (VOC) emissions, however it is important to check the finish applied. Cork is not suitable for bathrooms, as it absorbs moisture.

Benefits of cork flooring in sustainable building: i. ii.

iii. iv.

v. vi. vii.

Thermal Insulation - cork historically was used in refrigeration applications, such as in the walls of freezers. Impermeability - Since the inter-connected pockets of air are truly so tiny and microscopic, cork is considered impermeable yet breathable - which is why itâ€™s desirable for corking wine. Resilient - Cork is resilient and 'springs back' preventing imprints due to heavy traffic and furniture, it also provides excellent noise insulation. Design Flexibility - the beauty of cork is that it can be cut in numerous ways that enable veneers with different aesthetics to create highly decorative surfaces. Cork conglomerate, a recycled cork material, is also readily available. Cork conglomerate is often used in conjunction with veneers. Buoyancy - Cork floats, and has been used as buoys, floating decoys, and as runners for pontoons and other water craft. Slip resistance - cork, due to the softness and bounce-back, is very slip resistant, and has been used extensively on the deck of naval ships. Beauty - cork offers a natural beauty and organic feel to homes. It pairs well with bamboo to create style in a sustainable building plan.

LINOLEUM Linoleum, which was patented in the 1860s, is made with natural, renewable materials, including linseed oil, tree resins, recycled wood flour, cork dust, and mineral pigments, all mounted on a jute or canvas backing. Linoleum was considered a luxurious material for many yearsâ€”it was actually used in the Grand Ballroom, the dining room, and other areas of the Titanic! But gradually cheaper (and decidedly unnatural) vinyl flooring overtook linoleum in the 1940s. And while vinyl is easy to maintain, itâ€™s simply a printed design with a protective layer on top. Once that protective layer wears down or is damaged, the flooring must be replaced. Linoleum is made from dried and milled flax seeds mixed with other plant material (pine resins, wood flour, ground cork) with a jute backing, all completely natural materials which come from renewable sources and are 100% biodegradable. All by products and waste is milled and used. Linoleum does not fade, as the pigments are embedded in the structure. It is anti-static, repelling dirt, dust and other small particles, making it hypoallergenic â€“ for this reason it is often used by people with respiratory issues (asthma, allergies). It is also fire-resistant and does not require additional fire-retardants finish. The ability of linoleum to be cut and arranged in intricate designs is also one of its great advantages. Because linoleum was relatively inexpensive and highly resilient it was frequently used for flooring in heavy traffic areas inside buildings.

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

5.1 SUMMARY

The success and final outcome of this assignment required a lot of guidance and assistance from many people and I am extremely fortunate to have got this all along until the completion of this assignment work. Whatever I have done is only due to such guidance and assistance and I would not forget to thank them. I respect and thank Mr Naufal Puteh for giving us an opportunity to do this assignment work and providing us all support and guidance which made me complete the assignment on time.

Design V Final Project is indeed an interesting and educational experience despite having us to derive all the knowledge from conceptualize, designing, planning, technical and detailing that we have learned throughout the 3-years course of Diploma in Architecture to be taken into account of this final design project. In Design V Final Project, each of us chose respective proposals made from the previous analysis outcome of Design IV Urban Design New Masterplan Proposal. These two semesters were especially challenging as we were newly exposed to urban planning and designing and it was the first time whereby all of us, classmates come together as a team to accomplish the urban project. I am extremely grateful for the effort and co-operation shown and put together by my classmates and I which we then succeeded due to our great teamwork spirit. On the other hand, in Design V project, we are required to independently work on individual project which was also tough job as we are to provide design and drawings up to a standard.

Even though the basic knowledge were earlier taught and delivered to us but things were not as easy as thought when it comes to having to consider and applying every single aspect detail into a project. This is a great experience to our limited knowledge, as I come to realize which niches am I slightly weak at and to improve myself. I truly appreciate Mr Naufal for his patience, dedication and endless support in constantly guiding and teaching us in these final two semesters. It was a good opportunity to have him as our studio master as he is always willingly to share his personal experience and encounter for us to have better understanding in this profession. His sharing and advices give us a better preparation of to what to be aware and to know of before we take our step to the reality. 76

Having to make it to this final step of Diploma in Architecture is definitely not an easy job, as I could still recall how many struggles and juggles I had to overcome and I know I would not have make without my fellow friends and collegemates at the Alfa International College for their encouragement and moral support which made my stay and studies here more enjoyable. To them I say, ÍžWe meet to part, but more importantly we part to meetÍ&#x;.

Last but not least, I will not forget those knowledge obtained throughout this 3-years course and will continue to pursue further for the passion in this field. It is amusing to find myself starting as a zero-knowledge architecture student to where I am now and I know there are more room for improvement. I could not be feeling any more grateful for the tremendous knowledge, be it from the lecturers, seniors or juniors, classmates and other fellow friends. It has been an amazing journey of challenges and eye-opening experiences and I could say this is not the end yet, but to another new beginning. I will make good use of those knowledge in future and to continue to improve for the better as architecture and design is limitless.