What are the Principle of Gas Chromatograph and Capillary Columns?

What are the Principle of Gas Chromatograph and Capillary Columns To measure the content of various components in a sample gas chromatograph an analytical instrument is used. A gas chromatograph performs an analysis which is called gas chromatography.

To separate volatile compounds and substances Gas chromatography is one of the most popular chromatography techniques. The stationary phase has a high boiling liquid that is adsorbed on a solid. Gas chromatography has become one of the most important tools.

The

principle

of

gas

chromatography

The two phases in which components are distributed are the stationary phase and the mobile gas phase. As the component passes through the components of the stationary phase interact with the components of the mobile phase. But the properties and structure of each component are different and also the size and affinity of each interaction with the stationary phase are different. The retention time of different components differs in the column, under the same driving force and moving out of the column in different orders.

Advantages of gas chromatography • Gas chromatography offers high separation efficiency and analysis speed.

• High detection sensitivity and small sample consumption. If there are any impurities in the tens then proper detectors can detect them.

• Gas Chromatography is used to analyze azeotropic mixtures and samples with close boiling points as it has good selectivity.

• To analyze gases and volatile organic substances wide range of applications are used, under some conditions.

Compounds

suitable

for

Gas

Chromatography

Analysis

are:

The three main features for components that can be analyzed with GC • The boiling point of compounds is up to 400 °C. • At the vaporization temperature compounds are not decomposed.

• The pyrolysis GC compounds decompose at their vaporization temperature but the amount is same always.

Several advantages are provided by gas chromatography over traditional techniques such as thin-layer chromatography. But the technique is limited to thermally stable and volatile compounds but is unsuitable for organic samples that include proteins, peptides, and drug derivatives. To analyze these types of compounds other high-performance techniques are used.

The main purpose of gas chromatography is: The main purpose of gas chromatography is to separate the compounds that possess: · · ·

High volatility Low molecular weights Thermal stability

Capillary column The main advantage of the capillary column is to produce taller peaks, which allow the detection of lower concentrations. If the peaks are sharper then they provide better separation and also shorter analysis times. The capillary column comes with its stationary phase and is coated on its inner surface. Over the packed variants, the columns are mostly preferred and require smaller amounts of samples for the chromatograpghy process.

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