MArch_Y5_PS1

Portfolio Manchester School of Architecture Fifth Year 2019-2020 Semester1 PS1 Project CPU & AI Junjie Su Siyu Xie Jiao Xie Menghan Chen

Contents 0

PROLOGUE

ABSTRACT

0.1 Social Housing and Housing Crisis 0.2 Design for Manufacturing and Assembly 0.3 Creative Industry and Artist Earnings 0.4 Precedents

1

Social housing is a social problem in nowadays society, many residents and the whole country are facing this problem and looking for a solution. In Manchester, the second-largest city in England, there is the same problem. Based on the specific site of this course, this time our group is focusing on a specific target group – artrelated majors’ students from different universities nearby the site and looking for a way to satisfy their demands to live together.

PRELUDE 1.1 Site Analysis 1.2 Site Surroundings 1.3 Target users 1.4 Concept & Design Aims 1.5 Environmental Analysis

2

DEVELOP 2.1 Design Strategy 2.2 Activities Analysis 2.3 Massing Development 2.4 Circulation Diagram 2.5 Building Performance 2.6 Master Plan 2.7 All floor plans 2.8 Elevation 2.9 Section

3

CLIMAX 3.1 Structure 3.2 DfMA Strategy 3.3 Tectonic Drawings 3.4 Living Unit 3.5 Construction Sequence 3.6 Environmental Strategy 3.7 Environmental Performance 3.8 Building Explosion Diagram 3.9 RIBA Plan of Work

4

END 4.1 Conclusion

In the design, we have explored how to improve communication between art students effectively and how to stimulate their creativities. In order to provide much more public spaces for students, we have created a circulation which remains continuous and linked with students’ apartments. Besides, we have studied different types of activities that may occur among art major students and designed spaces with different characteristics according to the different spatial scales, lighting, and soundproof conditions required by these activities. We do not want to limit the activities inside each public area; therefore, we choose to invite our target users to enter into the spaces and decide what they would like to do. We hope the design proposal could be put in a practical way, so we apply the Design for Manufacturing and Assembly system (DfMA) in our designs for these spaces with different characteristics.

Through this design, we hope the idea that brings students into the space design to stimulate and maximise their creativities could become something meaningful for creativity industry improvement. We hope the society could emphasise more on the requirements of the art-related majors’ students.

We live in such a big city, people are here and there, but many times we felt lonely, for no reasons.

Concrete offer a shelf for us to prevent from the rains, but it also seperate us from the others.

To some extent,housing crisis today is also a problem of how to reconnect the people.

An ‘story‘ begins in a city called “Manchester“

Prologue Beginning

0.1 Social Housing and Housing Crisis What is Social Housing?

Houses and flats owned by local government or by other organizations do not make a profit, and those buildings are rented to people who have low incomes.

Social Housing Waiting List 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000

W

ig

an

or d

e id

Tr aff

es

or t kp

Ta m

St oc

rd

e Sa

hd oc

lfo

al

m ha

R

ld

te r

O

es ch

ry M

an

Bu

Bo

lto

n

0

Town/City in Greater Manchester Households in Urgent Need

Households Seeking improvement

Fig.3 Source: Local Authority Housing Statistics dataset, England 2015-16

Housing Benefits Claimants in Manchester Fig.1 1950s Barton Hill redevelopment. (source: Paul Townsend)

In Work Not In Work

Social Rented Sector

Social Rented Sector

Fig.5 Residents and students take to the streets and social media over the cramped conditions .tenants are forced to accept. (source: AFP)

Social Rented Sector

Fig.4 Source: Local Authority Housing Statistics dataset, England 2015-16

250,000 Mid-Year Estimates

240,000

The number of new council homes per year peaked at well over 200,000 in the early 1950s under the Conservatives, thanks in large part to a program started by the 1945 Labour government.

Private housebuilding overtook the number of homes built by councils in the 1960s – while in recent years the overall number of new homes built has dropped below the 200,000 a year level that is widely believed to be necessary to keep up with population growth.

Fig.2 Alexandra Road estate (source: Alamy Stock Photo)

2016-based SNPP, high migration variant

2016-based SNPP, principal projection

MCCFM W2018

230,000

220,000

210,000 2010

2017

2024

Fig.6 Graph shows a consistent shortfall in property since 2010. (Source: Manchester Place)

2012

2015

2018

2021

2024

2027

2030

Fig.7 Manchester population estimates and predictions, 2012–2030. (Source: Manchester Place)

0.2 Design for Manufacturing and Assembly Design for Manufacture and Assembly is a design approach that focuses on ease of manufacture and efficiency of the Assembly By simplifying the design of a product it is possible to manufacture and assemble it more efficiently, in the minimum time and lower cost.

Traditionally, DfMA has been applied to sectors such as the design of automotive and consumer products, both of which need to efficiently produce high-quality products in large numbers. More recently, construction contractors have begun to adopt DfMA for the off-site prefabrication of construction.

12

Residential

Warehouse 11

10

Offices 9

Clear Height(m)

8

Health 7

Sports Hall 6

School

5

Operating Theatre 4

Open Plan Office 3

Treatment Bedroom

2

Class room

Fig.9 Off-Site Manufacture. (Source: Eurban)

Living room

1

0

Fig.8 Off-Site Manufacture. (Source: Eurban)

0

Proccess

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Clear Span(m)

50

When mapping and comparing these characteristics, designers can distinguish which system would be best to be applied to their project to achieve the most efficient process.

Strategies

Component

Platform

Product

Standardized, repeatable, and interoperable, can be mass manufactured by a range of suppliers.

Allows components to be combined in some pre-defined ways.

The bespoke end product that meets users’ needs and takes advantage of economies and efficiencies of scale.

Advantages - Speed of manufacture and assembly on-site once design and planning are finalised. 20-60% reduction in construction programme time - 20-40% reduction in construction costs - Higher construction quality - Increased reliability and greater programme certainty - Improved safety for labourers - Fewer queries on site - Higher construction quality - Poor productivity and manpower shortages account for up to 37% of delays on-site, off-site reduces the risk of delays

Components

Panels

Modulars

2D planer elements used to build structural walls, floors and roofs alongside columns. They enhance the speed and convenience of delivery of walls to site. They include SIPs, metal frame panels and curtain walls.

Made in complete 3D boxlike sections, multi-section units and stack-on units.

Most interior and exterior finishes are put into place in a factory - can be up to 95% complete upon leaving the factory. They’re designed for ease of assembly.

Hybrids

Disadvantages - More time needed in designing and planning scale.

- Skilled workers are required to manage and operate DfMA software.

- Quality can be achieved when BIM and DfMA are used throughout the design and construction stage.

- Clients come to expect completion and CCC sooner.

- Design can become restricted when only relying on existing components.

- Labourers need to be trained or re-trained on assembly techniques.

It allows the greatest degree of customisation and flexibility within the design and execution phases, but it becomes numerous on sites and laborious to account for. They are single fabricated elements such as stairs, gable ends, roof trusses, wall frames, wood kits and precast concrete.

Usually, combine panel and modular prefabrication systems to construct a whole building.

0.3 Creative Industry and Artist Earnings Local economies in the UK have grown their creative industries by an average of 11 per cent between 20112014 and 2015-2016, twice as fast as other industry sectors. However, this status is under threat due to the high cost of living with many people being priced out. In 2015, two-thirds of Britain’s artists were earning just £10,000 annually.

THE UK CREATIVE INDUSTRIES VALUE

GVA%

UK Creative Industries Split 2017( ￡m)

(GVA)

100

Change2010-2017

£101.5

Architecture

60 50 40

40,620

30

IT,Software&Games

11,751

an hous

7.1%

20

28.7%

10

3,949

Design &Fashion

Publishing

Standard Line

70

Advertising

3,898

Full Sample Artists’ Self Employed Income

80

13,302

a year

Annual Gross Earnings

90

53.1%

The UK Creative Industries 2017

£11.5

Lorenz Curve* of Annual Gross Earnings and Full Sample Artists' Self Employed Income in UK, 2009

16,709 Film&TV

Fig.9 and 10 Source: DACS, the UK collecting society for visual creators – 2011

298 Crafts

9,547

Music&Arts &Cuture

increase in value since 2016 Fig.8 Source: DCMS, November 2018

UK

CREATIVE

AVERAGE

INDUSTIRES

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

*Lorenz Curve: the Lorenz curve is most often used to represent economic inequality, it can also demonstrate unequal distribution in any system. The farther away the curve is from the baseline, represented by the straight diagonal line, the higher the level of inequality.

UK House Prices 1997-2014

Fastest-growing sectors in Manchester(2015–2025) 60

% Growth in number of jobs

% Growth in GVA

50

40

30

20

10

0

Culture, creative&Digital

Wholesale and retail

Construction

Business, financial and professional services

Fig.9 Source: Greater Manchester Forecasting Model (2018), Oxford Economics

The data continues to be potential for accelerating Manchester’s growth across all four of the city’s fastest-growing sectors.

Construction, in particular, is now projected to grow at a significant rate, driven by some of the major developments in the city, which are summarised below.

Cultural, creative and digital industries continue to make a significant contribution to Manchester’s economy, making the city a more attractive place to live, visit and study. As Figure 9 shows, the sector’s GVA is forecast to increase by 40.5% between 2015 and 2025, making it the third-fastest-growing sector in the city. Cultural assets continue to be central to many regeneration projects.

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2012 2013 2014

Fig.11 Source: ONS, Nationwide and BoE

However, as figure 9, 10 and 11 shows that: - Visual artists have precarious careers, with typical earnings well below the UK national median wage of £21,320. In 2009/10, the typical photographer earned £15,000 (median), the typical illustrator earned £15,723 (median) while the typical fine artist earned only £10,000 (median) - An important characteristic is the risky nature of working lives in cultural occupations. The distribution of income is highly unequal.

- Artists’ critical role in society and the economy is under pressure. Artists are especially vulnerable to the spiralling cost of residential and commercial space across the cities due to the low incomes associated with an art career.

0.4 Precedents After studying the three aspects of research (Social Housing, DfMA, Artist Housing), we decided to develop social housing for students to explore cultural creativity, design and performance, where they can inspire more creativity while reducing unnecessary expenses. Therefore, we selected 3 precedents to study and some concepts were extracted from them.

SOCIAL HOUSING

MODULAR HOUSING

ARTIST HOUSING

The Narkomfin Building

The New Sky Building #3

Westbeth Artists Community

The main principle behind the conception of the building is the collectivization of all the areas that corresponded to collective functions. Reading, cooking, raising children, doing sport, all are functions conceptually removed from the traditional -bourgeoisapartment, and relocated within a glazed, collective volume hosting communal kindergartens, kitchens, libraries and gymnasiums. The upper roof would also work as a communal recreative space.

Fig.12 : http://socks-studio.com/2016/12/04/the-narkomfin-building-in-moscow-1928-29-a-built-experimenton-everyday-life/

The building is made up of a central core, which includes main circulations, and modular apartments repeated on the two sides of the core.

Each apartment, including a small balcony, sticks out of the main volume appearing as a plugged capsule in the style of Nagakin Capsule tower. On some floors, the “capsules” are connected to another to generate bigger living units. The New Sky Building #3 is all-steel construction with a resemblance to a battleship underlined by the shape of the concrete structure on the terrace.

Fig.13 http://socks-studio.com/2016/10/23/almost-metabolist-the-new-sky-building-3-by-yoji-watanabe/

Westbeth is a former commercial structure converted into housing for artists. It was conceived as an integrated, self-sufficient community that would provide the residents not only with loft space in which to live and work, but also with gallery space, theatrical facilities, and film, photography, and dance studios: in short, with a total environment in which to pursue their work, from conception to performance or display.

Fig.14 https://www.richardmeier.com/?projects=westbeth-artists-housing-2

Prelude That floats on high o'er vales and hills,

Continuous as the stars that shine and twinkle on the Milky Way,

When all at once I saw a crowd, A host of golden daffodils;

They stretched in never-ending line along the margin of a bay:

Beside the lake, beneath the trees, Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.

Ten thousand saw I at a glance, tossing their heads in sprightly dance.

The waves beside them danced, but they Out-did the sparkling waves in glee: a poet could not but be gay, In such a jocund company: I gazed -and gazed -but little thought what wealth the show to me had brought.

Reconnect

1.1 Site Analysis When analysing and exploring the whole city, the river, railway, road, building, there are many campuses surround the site. If we draw a 5-minute walk cycle oriented on the site, there are many campuses around the site, namely, the University of Manchester, Manchester Metropolitan University and the Royal Northern College of Music.

Student Accomodation Survey

Prime Student Living

Manchester for students

House

Opal Hall

Liberty living

open hall

Boundary Lodge Student Accommodation

Cambridge Hall, Student Accommodation

According to our research, we have found two problems existing in the site: the first one is that there is no students apartment especially for art students to exhibit themselves or exchange ideas; another one is that the existing apartments around the site do not provide enough public spaces for students to communicate, the vitality of the public spaces is also not enough.

For example, the Parkway Gate student apartment provide chatroom, laundry, waste collection area on the ground floor. There are three buildings but only one students’ communication area. Moreover, it has such a long distance from the students’ room to get to the public activities area. Only very few students use them.

Unite Students - Kincardine Court

1 min

2 min

3 min

4 min

5 min

Grafton Street - Sanctuary Students

The Grafton, dwell Student Living

Waste collection

Communciation Area

Landuary

The Sanctuary students apartment on Grafton Street also put the public activities area on the ground floor. Although the area is relatively spacious, there are not enough interesting activities or specific equipment organized inside the public area.

Manchester Uni Accommodation

Whitworth Park Thorncliffe House

Reception

Communciation Area

1.2 Site Surroundings When analysing the surrounding area of the site, not only does it has a very short distance with Manchester school of Art, Manchester School of Architecture and the Royal Northern College of Music. There are both high-rise commercial building and 5-storey high residential buildings. The building functions are mixed up. It also satisfies basic life requirements for it contains convenience stores, parking area and also some green areas. However, the number of public entertainment area is not enough.

Greenland

1. Liberty living 2. Victory Hall 3. Staybridage Hotel 4. UoM Car Park 5. University Dental Hospital 6. Trinity high school

Main Road

Parking Area & Charging Area

Different Functions

1.3 Target Users Due to the site has a special location, in the middle of many universities, efficient accommodation is needed for students.

And there are three colleges near the plot, Royal Northern College of Music, Manchester School of Art and Manchester School of Architecture. Thus our target users will be the undergraduate and postgraduate students from those three universities. They have been separated into five parts: Music, Art, Architecture, Media and Design.

Conducting

Product Design

Drama

Fashion Design

Photography

Directing

Architecture

Architecture and Urbanism

Performance

Interior Design

Fine Art

Landscape Architecture

Popular Music

Philosophy

Graphic Design

Animation

Painting

Contemporary Curating

1.4 Concept & Design Aims The design concept of our group is to define the ideal co-living apartment for art students. From the research on surrounding cases, the students are all separated in their private areas, they do not have opportunities to communicate with other people or share their creative ideas. However, if providing them with different public areas which have potential, these creative students can gather together according to their interests and majors. They would also create different possibilities for space and activities. The process is showing as follows.

1.5 Envrionmental Analysis From the graphs present below, it's said that the hotel which has almost 20 floors does not affect the sunlight of the site while the building which is next to the site can cause some sunlight problem in March. Facade in south direction will gain more daylight and solar radiation during the whole year.

Sunlight Analysis

Since we live in such a city,

And to make the city and the

A developing plan is on the

How can we just let it go,

art students to have a colorful

Road.

without any contributions.

living life in the flat.

Develop Strategy

2.1 Design Strategy The design strategy is to divide the large public area into different parts.

Then lift these elements into the whole building because they mostly exist on the ground floor and have created a very long distance to the students' private area. After connecting the public functions floating inside the whole massing, the other spaces who have different potential will also occur. The connection area is no longer corridors because it also has the potential for public functions.

Reading

Drawing

Printing

Living Workshop Recordin cing

Drawing ng

Living Workshop Living

Images Flusing phing

Ordinary Pattern

Explode Pattern

Workshop

wing

Film Making

hing

Flusing

Connect the Function

Form the Space

Inner Circulation

Density Matrix (Habitable Rooms and Dwellings Per Hectare)

2.2 Activity Analysis

0 to 1 Central

Habitable Room = (200-350) X 0.36 = 72-126 HR

100 HR

Public Transport Access Level (PTAL)

Settings

After defining the program which may happen inside the whole building, we analyse all the activities from different aspects, like space scales, equipment, lighting, etc. The relations between each activity could also be defined through the research. It helps to define the public function circulations inside the building, and it also drives us to form spaces with specific requirements.

Site Area= 3600 m²

2 to 3

150-200 HR/HA 150-250 HR/HA

：

4 to 6

3000

30 : 7 : 9

：

700

900

200-350 HR/HA

ACTIVITIES

One person Scale

Daylighting Equipment Acoustic Insulation One person Area Total Area

4.18㎡

3.12㎡

5.29㎡

3.6㎡

0.72㎡

1.2㎡

1.2㎡

1.2㎡

2.7㎡

1.2㎡

20*4.18=83.6㎡

20*3.12=62.4㎡

20*5.29=105.8㎡

20*3.6=72㎡

15*0.72=10.8㎡

65*1.2=78㎡

100*1.2=120㎡

100*1.2=120㎡

15*2.7=40.5㎡

15*1.2=18㎡

0.72㎡

1.56㎡

1.56㎡

0.8㎡

1.5㎡

2.8㎡

19.8㎡

11.4㎡

27.9㎡

19.8㎡

15*1.56=10.8㎡

15*1.56=23.4㎡

15*1.56=23.4㎡

65*0.8=52㎡

65*1.5=97.5㎡

65*2.8=182㎡

20*19.8=396㎡

65*11.4=741㎡

20*27.9=558㎡

One person Scale

Daylighting Equipment Acoustic Insulation One person Area Total Area

65*19.8=1287㎡

2.3 Massing Development

MSA Stu

dents CM Stu

dents

RN

Place the massing which has the same height as the Hotel

Adjust the shape of the building according to the sun patht

Create two inner circulations according to the trend of students from MSA and RNCM

L＜3

5m

Public Place

Set three nodes along with the circulation

Place boxes which suit different activities of three collages along with the circulation

Public Place Core Unit

Public Place Core

Place the core in the building

Place the unit around the main circulation

Public Place

According to the fire safety, locate the core in the building

Public Place Core Unit Workshop

Insert the workshops between the units so that students can go downstairs to have a discussion with others and also connect the main circulation.

2.4 Circulation Diagram To suit the directions of how the students of three colleges coming to the site, the Ideal House will set up a close circulation path along with the whole building for the students who live here to improve the communications, And on each two-floor, units and workshop will be placed upstairs and downstairs to connect to the inner circulation.

Movements between Unit and Workshop Movements between Public space and Workshop

Main Circulation

(Click)GF-9F

Vertical Circulation (core)

(Click)10F-18F

2.5 Building Performance

2.6 Site Plan As we mentioned before, this problem also could be seen in New Medlock House, another student apartment closing to the site. In conclusion, almost programs are located at the bottom, and we try to reverse this situation by activating the whole space..

18F 17F

16F 15F 14F

8F 7F

2F 1F

GF

2.7 All floor plan

Besides, on the other floor, we try to design a new kind of mode for the art student apartment. One floor is for the accommodation, and the lower floor is for the workshop.

Moreover, there are stairs to connect them.

Thus a student can change their status as they want.

13F 12F 11F

10F 9F

6F 5F

4F 3F

2.8 Elevation We choose to use different materials and colours to show the diversity and changing on space characters and potential. The red frame is a red aluminium panel which be used to highlight the public programs, it remains continuous on the facade. The workshop level uses black bricks and the living units use light grey concrete.

2.9 Section The two sections cutting from different directions show the diversity of interior space and the activities happen inside them.

Climax Just like a drama on the stage,

After a development process, it’s

Whether it will succeed or

No one can resist the shocking

time for the idea house to

something else, the Climax is

feeling from the Climax.

become true and make it a

coming, and be prepared.

real and practical dreams.

Practice

t

3.1 Structure This page shows the whole steel structure framework and the connection ways between different structure objects.

Beaming Spacing 7.2m ×5.4 m 7.2m × 7.2m

Stair Case

3.6m × 7.2m

Beam Spacing (primary beam × secondary beam)

double angle web cleats

size

7.2m ×5,4 m UKB 356 ×171 × 51 7.2m × 7.2m UKB 356 ×171 × 51 9m ×7.2m UKB 406 × 198 ×74

The Beam

H section column

Column Bracing

Column Grid 7.2m × 7.2m

High Strength Bolt simple pinned Concrete Foundation 800mm width 600mm height 1000mm depth

Connected Plate

X Bracing

Column Grid

Size

9m × 7.2m 7.2m × 7,2m 7.2m × 5.4m

HE 320M HE 300M HE 300M

Bracing Joints Details

30 90 30

A

45 75 80 75

50 45

A

30 20 40 40

30

20 40 40 20

B

200

24 108

B

X Bracing Size Plate 2 × 250× 25

95

A-A Section

types of column to beam connection: normally pinned 130

64

B-B Section

35

25 H section column

H section column

base plate

base plate

360 540 600 64

30 concrete foundation

anchor bolt

foundations and holding-down systems

315 540 800

plan of foudation

section

3.2 DfMA Strategy--Panelisation Because our project contains a large range of space types, which has different requirements on daylighting, insulation, transparent levels, we choose to use the penalisation strategy. The drawing below shows different kinds of a panel which has been used inside our project.

j

Workshop panel

g

a. 90mm black brick outer leafer b. 15mm resilient bar c. 15mm plasterboard d. 15mm plasterboard e. 150mm structure f. 100mm mineral wool insutaion g. 100mm steel rail and steel stud h. 15mm resilient bar j. 12.5mm plasterboard k. 12.5mm plasterboard .

k h

e f

c

d

a b

1 2

Composite slab

Exterior wall

1. 12.5mm plasterboard 2. 12.5mm plasterboard 3. metal mesh 4. 60mm sloping layer 5. 80mm decking 6. vapour barrier 7.120mm concrete 8.15mm plasterboard

15. 10mm light cincrete cladding 16.12.5mm plasterboard 17. 150mm mineral wool insulation 18. 180mm steel rail and steel stud 19.12.5mm plasterboard 20. 12.5mm plasterboard 21.406mm depth primary beam 22.HE 30M H section column with 20um zinc coating 23. 315mm depth secondary beam 24. 12.5mm plasterboard 25. 12.5mm plasterboard 26.180mm steel rail and steel stud 27. 150mm mineral wool insulation 28.breather membrain 29.sheathing board 30. 90mm brick outer leafer

Interior wall 9.10mm light concrete cladding 10. 12.5mm plasterboard 11. 100mm mineral wool insulation 12. 130mm steel rail and steel stud 13.12.5mm plasterboard 14. 12.5mm plasterboard

3 4 5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12 13 14

29

16 23

21

15 19 18 17

20 22

24

30 25 26 27

28

3.3 Tectonic Drawings

PARAPET parapet flashing fully-adhered water control membrane taperated rigid insulation ROOF cant fully-adhered roof membrane air control roof insulation wood blocking 100mm mineral wool insulation 60mm concrete slab metal mesh 80mm profiled steel decking 406mm primary beam FLOOR STRUCTURAL DETAILS 10mm paving tile 10mm elevated floor substructure waterproofing layer 60mm slopping layer 60mm concrete slab metal mesh 80mm profiled steel decking 356mm primary beam

WALL STRUCTURAL DETAILS

2 × 15mm plasterboard 15mm thickness resilient bar 150mm width C section rail 120 mm width C section slight studs 120mm mineral wool insulation 10mm sheathing board 50 mm insulation breather membrane 120mm stainless steel wall tie brick outer leaf

10mm paving tile 15mm elevated floor substructure 5mm water proofing layer 60mm slapping layer 180mm reinforced concrete slab earth

Scale 1:75 in A3 Format

Scale 1:25 in A3 Format

steel

3.4 Construction Sequence These diagrams show the construction sequence from empty to complement. It is separated into 6 strategies, from the construction of the foundation, core, columns to beams and bracings. All connections are linked by bolting.

3.6 Building Explosion Diagram

1.Framework

4.Wall

2.Floor

5.Curtain Wall

3.Unit

6.Stairs, Doors and Windows

3.5 Housing Regulations

Supplied Water Waste Water

Fire Proof

Fire Escape

Function

3.7 RIBA Plan of Work The RIBA Plan of Work has been a bedrock document for the architects and the construction industry. It has separated the whole project into 8 parts from design ideas to be put in use. It provides a shared framework for the organisation and management of building projects that are widely used as both a process map and a management tool. It provides important work stage reference points used in a multitude of contractual and appointment documents and best practice guidance.

Stage 0 - Strategic Definition used to ensure that the client’s Business Case and the Strategic Brief have been properly considered before the Initial Project Brief is developed.

Stage 1 - Preparation and Brief Several significant and parallel activities need to be carried out during Stage 1 to ensure that Stage 2 Concept Design is as productive as possible, which contains two categories Stage 2 - Concept Design During Stage 2, the initial Concept Design is produced in line with the requirements of the Initial Project Brief. The project team also develops, in parallel with the Concept Design, some Project Strategies. The importance of this stage will depend on how they influence the Concept Design.

Stage 3 - Developed Design During this stage, the Concept Design develops deeply and, crucially, the design work of the core designers is progressing until the spatial coordination exercises have been completed. (This process may require some iterations of the design and different tools may be used, including design workshops.)

Stage 4 - Technical Design The architectural, building services and structural engineering designs are now further refined to provide a technical definition of the project and the design work of specialist subcontractors is developed and concluded.

Stage 5 - Construction During this stage, the building is constructed on-site following the Construction Programme. Construction includes the installation of components that have been fabricated off-site.

Stage 6 - Handover and Close Out The project team’s priorities during this stage will be facilitating the successful handover of the building in line with the Project Programme and, in the period immediately following, concluding all aspects of the Building Contract, including the inspection of defects as they are rectified or the production of certification required by the Building Contract.

Stage 7 - In Use This is a new stage within the RIBA Plan of Work. It acknowledges the potential benefits of harnessing the project design information to assist with the successful operation and use of a building.

3.8 Visualisation

For oft, when on my couch I lie In vacant or in pensive mood, They flash upon that inward eye Which is the bliss of solitude; And then my heart with pleasure fills, And dances with the daffodils.

End

4.1 Conclusion The project represents our solution towards the two existing problems on the site:No apartment especially for students who study art-related majors.The existing apartments do not provide enough public spaces for students to communicate with each other.

To begin with, from the site analysis, we have found out the potential of the site from the perspective of its orientation: at the cross-intersection node of the Manchester School of Art, Manchester School of Architecture and the Royal Northern College of Music.

As a architecture student, we aim to design an ideal co-living apartment on our plot, especially for these art students. The design concept and strategy show our research on the target users. In the whole ideal production process, architects are not preparing the finished area with exact functions but designing the potential of different spaces. The creative students are becoming part of the design team as they can decide the function of different spaces. They are also provided with a private area for rest and workshop area for communicating or practising. The whole building has a continuous circulation with the public area. They are encouraged to exhibit themselves and share ideas with others.

From the research on social housing, DfMA strategy and Manchester’ creative industry, we have transferred the concept into a more practical way – which can be put in construction.

We are planning to use the Panelisation system to construct the whole project. From this point of view, we have organised the whole building into different kinds of panel types which can be manufactured in the factory.