The QC Lictor - Republic Issue

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THE QUEEN'S COLLEGE LICTOR a

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REPUBLIC ISSUE

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~ARCH 1970

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UNSHACKLED!

FEATURES A Ml!.uage from the Acting Pruident.

• • lntn-spect-A Look at Guyanese.

• Interior Development-An Historical Note.

• Accidents in Motor-Racing.

• Guyana's Major Social Problems.

RE.hellion !

• • Chrwtian Social Concepts and Principles.

• Famous Old Boys.

Interview with the Oldest Old Boy. • • To be but not through me.

• Queen' a or President's.

• The Board of Censors. , • Changes for our Republican Era. • An Anthology of Verse.

• Comments - Letters • Short Stories.

• Poetry.

• Utopia.

Need for a National Identity.

• • A page of Guyanese Histoey.

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February 23rd 1970, Republic Day. A country rejoiced; parties... dancing in the street, festivals, filled ·our roads and our buildings, Guy,. ana played mas!

Thus our country star1ed yet another, and hopefully, the final stage in Guyana's search for true independence and sovereignty.

Four years ago, (foyana threw off the trappings of British imperial= ism and colonialism. During the years since our newly=bom country has struggled to mould itself into a vibrant new nation. to burst !forth into the world no longer shackled by the strangling embrace of the "mother coun=

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And with our freedom c a m e the re-sponsibiHties that all y o u n g nations must face: the responsibility oi guarding what is ours from the

:JHE LICTOR This term's issue of the Lictor falling into such a period as it has, has heen given several extra notable touches, to ensure a good quality product to salute this memorable occasion, the Republic Year of Guyana.

Three contributions of three of Queen's most g:fted sons, Sir Edward Luckhoo, formerly acting GovemorGeneral. then acting President; Mr. Pat Dyal, pupil teacher, and now Government archivist; and Mr. Tommy Payne, one Qf Guyana's "new breed" of young intellec· tuals. S:r Edward sends a message to us, while M~rs.

Dyal and Payne, both contribute historical articles. The Lictor expresses its gratitude to these three Old Boys.

Another Old Boy, in every sense ~xcept activity, Mr. A. P. Vanier, kindly granted The Lictor an interview with Q.C.'s oldest Old Boy alive. We thank Mr. Vanier for giving us his gratifying interesfng t=me.

From the Q.C. of today, we have art:cles by former editors Nedd and Caleb and deputy head of school Ghosh. The Lictor is pleased to announce that it finally contains a contribution by a first former, namely Caleb. who sent us an excellent short story.

The Lictor's Republic Competition provoked such excellent response, that only the best have been pub~ lished as there was not room for those which were only good. Included are entries by Messrs. Elliot, Woolford. , Kellman and Sattaur, aU prize-winners.

We wish our readers the best in Guyana's new era, and can only hope yoo start it right by read:ng the Q .C .

COAT - OF - ARMS OF THE REPUBLIC OF GUYANA.

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clutching fin~ers of the bully; of keeping our sovereignty in spite of those who would promise to guide us along the right path, and instead lead us into a rule even more degrading than before: of bearing our growing pains and subduing the forces that would rend us apart; and of teaching ourselves the right way to live.

Since the chain of resistance to oppression and the climb to true na= tionhood began in 1763. with the courage of an African=bom Ouyanese sfave many- Guyanese have struggled to inch us up the, path. Those men and women have pushed us to the hardest and steepest part of our climb.

Let not their efforts be in vain.

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Lictor!

LICTOR The vier.vs expressed by i11dividuals are not necessarily I.hose of the Edi-

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torial Board and School as a whole.

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Editorial· Board 1969- 70 Editor

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M. T . Phillipa

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Sob-Editor

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L E . Moaea.

Featur es Editor

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SporU Editor

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R. Ten· Pow. E . M. D. Phillipa.

AHt. Sports Edi.tor

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S. D. 0 . JarTis. ,

Buaineu ManageT

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Au.t. Buaineu Manag,er

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W . O'R. Nedd V. C. L. Fonytbe, G . I. D. Ber· nard, L A. D. Adams, R. Sch ultz.

P hotographer

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J. C. Hamer.

Supervi1or

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Mr. M. M. Drepaul.

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STANDARD OF THE PRESIDENT OF GUYANA.

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RING IN THE NEW

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FOLL?WING close up~n the heels . of Guyana's legal at. tainment of Republican status, it appears that someone has sneaked into the country with several thousand br and-new, Guyanese-tuned sense organs, and many have been snatched up akeady. There are therefore, many persons, who, wishing to advertise their purchase, cannot hear or see, a nything foreign, without announcing to all and sundry that though it is probably of superior quality, one must keep well clear of it because of its origin.

It is sad to see these people adopting this attitude ; their anxiousness to wash away the last vestiges of colonialism can well become more than mere self-ai;sertion and degenerat.e into fanaticism. Nationalism, carried tq an extreme in Guyana, will create many problems because people will attempt to make swe(W.ing chanses, only to discover themselves with no acceptable alternative to replace. the original colonial-type institution. Therefore w~ make do with substandard,. replacements.

Thus we ftnd that much t>( our cultu~ effort is being ~hanneUed· into re¥iVing pre-Columbian and pre-colqnialist art forms; other efforts a.re based on. these. This is re~rettable, fot a nation lilce Guyana can do much better than revival and modification; with the .excellent brains in our country, original ide~ can be produced and acte9 upon.

However, the situation is as it, is because, of .our need to fill the vacuum created by the two-hasty expulsion. of the "Im· paialist" cultnre. · .

On another, or even the same· tE:vel. we ,may jind ouriselves exc~angfng our. boi:rowed •:colonialist" habits for those of another "jnJperiallat" nation or. eveQ. for none at all- which might be the Qeat,. as we should then be forced to create some of our· ..9~.~.. .

It is not enough 1Q ~ '-'I .hate this. because it is of my fol'mer, mastel'f!". We must also be able to ~ay "This is Wl"!>Dg in relation .to Guya.na, 197-0", before ·it may be removed. We. cannot dispose of pieces of our history simply becam:le it o:(fends us. to remembe·r ,whence we came. Guyana cannot sink her past memory by attempting to y.,ipe it out altogether; in fact, the hateful reminder must be there always, to keep before our eyes, how we got where we are and we must go higher.

This is not to $a)" that ·w e must not abandon customs which hinder us in our daily work and. in. the effort to ·rise higher ; this must be done or else nothing will be gained.

However, we must consider carefully to find that which genuinely retards Guyana's ptogress, for we eannot escape our history by trying to move it from in front of us. It is part of every Guyanese, whether it be good or bad, and will always remain so.

An excellent illustx:ation is the spate of name-changing now going on in Guyana. Who can imagine a Guyana without a Queen's College, even if the "Queen'' stands for "Queen of .Mash-i:a,-mani ?"? Not that I have anything against the President, b~t "Queen's", (it's name ~spec.ially) is an integral part of Guyana, and part of its illusion would be destroyed by changing its name to President's College, and thus would be destroyed a little pi'ece of Guyana.

In another respect along with the careful reconsideration of old values, will come the search for new values to replac~ those we abandon. Here a:rain, it is no use, in a rush of Republican fervour, seizing on just anything that has Republican or Guyanese connotations to push in an empty space. We must be sure that our replacement has a greater practical value than that which it replaces.

Guyana must search for what is right for herself ; if she cannot find it, she will make it.

While searching for our true identity, however, let us not be sidetracked into returning to an imaginary past.

From our association with our masters, we find that our view of our own ancestors is coloured by theirs- after alt who taught us about ourselves (up to a few years a.go) but Europeans ? Maybe this is the root of the attitude of so many Wes t Indians to Africans. We may find. ourselves struggling to be exotics so as to live up to the image given us by others.

In our Republican zeal we may become more Guyanese than ever, but let's not forget that we may ring in. the new ; but don't rin:r out the old until it stens on your corns.

-M. Y. PHILLIPS

If your boy ~s a Man, give him some Tyme!

Deodwants

Hair dressing Cream, c:nd Tomes Shave foam

Shampoo,s Cologves

Dandruff contror

After shave lotion, Hair groom ~pray

Jtv a ilable at most S tores.

Agrnb:

MARCH 1970

Introspect - a look at Guyanese

EDITORIAL

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Kt..t'Ul:SLlC lSSUt.

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the place where one works or goes to school counts a great dool in gaining respect from THE economists and politicians neYer tire of telling us others. all what :i ~<'at success the Co-operatin (not the Rt>puhWith Independence (s;c) and lic) is to be and how much it will boost the national econd= lonis3tion (sic) B'ritisb inomy and how much psychological benefit we ·will gain as a fluence has dec!;ncd , and thus Guyanese, tend to ignore resiilt of working together. And so on. what youth docs in the Before we embark. llowever, 0£ this much-needed quality is it is wise to take a hard look that bet ween the Chinese mer United K in g d o m . British at this country.. Of course, in chants of Georget.own. This type youth, because of the difference. the past months, many people of relatio~ip, in. the Co·opera in affluence between tht> two have expounded on the political, tive, is highly dcsu-able, between countries tends to be a great social and economic sectors of alt races; this would probably deal more conservau v~- t1:r.m.

Guyana and" tBe Co-operati.ve's exist between people at the American youth; it can ill afeffect o:i. them. Lt appears, howsame social and economic (alford wasted time or money. ever, that every;>ne has formost identical in the Guyanese Thus in the U.K. many · younir gotten the- most important unit contert) levels. people tend to be mu.!h more in any survey of anything in The Co-operative will have cautious in making decisions stld this country, this is, of course, failed in its efforts to unify our thuc, youth there is not as v~l the Guyanese. country, where its separate efas in the U.s.A. Th.i s, of course, By' Guyanese, 1 mean the forts each conl'ihed to ,one rahas its .advantages. since the .awrage person: if we speak of cial group. This J,cads us to one chances of making a mistake are mort> problem: namely, the pre. Guyanese en bloc, the situation much less· however, in the becomes completely diff~t. sent. rommere'ru struct.w·e of hw-ly-budy of today's world The actions of the individual, it our country where each partione has to take a great n ~ is well known are rompletely cu1ar enterprise or activity is of risks and too much ~ different to the resultant action ·1<:<>ntrolled or at least heavily ment is much more de6ireb1o than no 'c omment at all. of the group. influenced by, oni:, or at most, How can th.is p :cture of. GuyTbe question every9ne tends two ethnic groups. We fiiid that to shy away from is "How many most. of our peasant farmers a~' aneec youth; that is its cwn ~uyanese are r~y suited to East Indians; a groat deal of in11.i<;ture of iiself, fit '111 with the o,penate and co-operate in the dustry and finance is controlpioture ol youthful Guyan~~ Co-operative?" No ~ne ~llJ 1:>e led

by Portuguese; many working oo-operatively to make pleased to hear theU' faith lll 1chinese are shopkeepers and themselves a n ation? Can G1t themselves questioned, and merchants. M;,,y more illustraadmiration and imitatiqn or many will indignantly cry tions can be found. a developed society he\p to boost ou:t' economy in the ci,..'Ev~yont: of course! We The Solution to this problem operative ,m anner? all pitch m! 1'.11ey .told. us so. r · the introduction of new Let us exanune exactly how . ies m . . . • Everyone .knows how s~ t , ~i., ''th " industries, co-operative oi 1 ible young peop1e are to ~en,r ~ ey are: . rourse, into which members of worship, and, in fact, it 1.... thia TEMr.fJBA:1\IENT AtilD all races may put their efforts; trait which determines the ac1llE CO-OP the lack of emphasis on ethnic tions and . thoughts of many of A most important factor in grouping in the new enter prise our. yo~ ~ ople today. Youth this analysis is the Guyanese may ca~e a gradual phas~ sees the deeds of many of o ur·~ranient.' Lilce mon of out of this system in the older our neighbours the Guyanese industries. modem h eroes as a basis <'.In temperament is not the stablest Where are the JleW industries whic.h to run their o.,.,n liv~, in the work! ; everybody here to come from? The interior will and thus tend to identify it:;el.f loves an argument (which are prov:de us with power and closely with these heroes, and always easily patched up after metals and whatever else may what they stand for, and -are the fun) ; people take the be hidden back there. then influenced as a group, slightest opportunity to let of!

OF YOUffl 'AND THE F1JTl1RE since- many young people slu.,re steam. All this is not surprising The hope for foture integratheir admiration fo1· certain considering the attitude, All tion, then lies with our youth, 'headline-making figµre s of toGuyanese love a spectacle, youth is no~ for its hi~h day. • whether it be a state funernl 'idealism, which brecd<i racial Who are. these people th.at "or an Jn~ependence day para~e; tolci,ancc. Possibly the youth of influence our Jives so m uch? we all live fo.r the next .thing this new country m~y keep this Who are the leaders?

Out of the ordinary, and Sllllply tolerance throughout its lifetime The·high ideals of youth taken. exis_t ~ between ~ese ''hapand impart it to future generain to account, it .is not surpr.islng perungs · I am alra1d that the tions Thus would come true Cothat in modem days, youth u, ~o~ing of the Co-op Republic ope~tivism, when all groups progressi.vcly swingjng to tli.e 18 Just another s~cle.. ~e can work together naiw·ally, left in political affiliati~. thus, attendant ceremonies, fest1v1t;ies with no distinctions between it is only. r~sonable, since all a.nd general merry-making them heroes .are the cx.trcl"(les of fill one's mind and continually What of our youth? How will popular trends, that so manj~ oi tend to blot out th! implications the hoped-for change affect today's heroes are CommwlL'>~, of what we ~ . d.>m.g .and w~at them? They may grow up in An excellent example is fa(t we are claunmg b;r calling the .9amc way .as their par<mts. late guerilla leader Erne..to ~uyana a Co-oper~tive Repubor the new pressures on Ollr ''Che" Guevara. The n a,mc, 'lie. Thus, people, m fact, subcountry may influence them for ''Che" is known to the young bt:tter _ or worse. consciously tend to restrict the throughout the world as. a sym llie of the Republic to the le ngth ln Guyana, we !ind youth bol oi manly courage, dedicu01 the celebrations, a great tends to identify itself closely tion to a cause, and the B3':;tle mauy ~e..--t. no change, beyon~ with youth abroad, and we often against Oppression. Youthful the constitutional one, after this oo1>y many of its characteristics. demonstrators carry his picture "h . ,, th :i.ppe1u~. .nuw~ver, . ese With ever-in..:reasing North with them; his diary is read people wil~ acqwes~e sunp]y American influence on Guyana and re-read . Following close becaus.c this change mte!'P°ses many young people do their utthe admiration for the man, Ls a festival be tween Christmas most to imitate the outspoken, an inte rest in what the r, ..n and Independence. permissiv e, ''turned on" existstood for - Communism. ~ an:.: of us tend to be merence of the "beat gener ation' ' Another, similar , example s cu:1al m character, how are we thev read and hear about. Many that of Mao Tse Tung; w e 111 going to stand up to the long of ·our youngster s go abroad know that his Red Guard condays o.f steady wor.k that we ~re t.o study and return to tell their sists large1y of teena~er.1accepti~g along with our . claim friends of the cur rent trends in Whether this is deliberate I.'? to nationhood? Guyana 1s unA · an society. n ot, Mao is, though old h irru.cif dertak ing something from which ~~~: rtunately, we tend t.o a young man's h ero, ~ause of she cannot .~rn ba~k, we have find out only about the vocal his professed fight against ,nma~e a decision and must_stand minorit y and the headliners, per ialh,m etc., in the shaoe ~ who more often than not, by it. H?W° can one. rec oncile the Chiang Kai-she k. .:1.s a.»:,1 dowt'..; o, th" 1,·eragP . 'h h t th do simply G Y 'th thi ? T k ·11 pl eac w a ey t.~ Youth admires itself, u anese w1 ~. as s .w1 for the sake of something to say leader s often appe ar almost have to be done m the right d t ba ttle ~«ainst the indiviw ay at th · ht t· an super human to their follov. ~TS. c rig une, dual- increasing loss of identit y The European "student leader", all the time unlike in our in t h e modern world, and offer Daniel Cohn-Bcrdit though re"Efficiency year'' when a great rritic'sm mor" destructive than man y things were. done wrongconstru: tive. Nothing is w ronC! cently fading irom sight, in llia h eyday wa s an internationally ly at the wrong time. Many of w it h cha nl?c - cx,.ept if it be for the sake or change, us m ust change to fit our res- known figure, universally adponsibility. .

Jn Guyian a. we find the danmired as a youthful iightr,r . We also will have to chan~e ger of an unhea lthv socict:v against... the "Establishment." m ~o far as ~e are now part of !!'rowing up ~implv because or The activitie3 of ''Danny h e a Co-operative Republic. Coour adm iration for the deeds of 'Red" in Europ e were clo:.dy a minor ity. operation at all times was never paralle led by those of the stuone of the Guyan e~e's outstandWe here copy their dress: dent revolutionaries at Colum"h ipre" and "Afro gear<; " arc in~ assets; this is possibly a b ia University in New York, throwback to th e days of slavin fashion along with outEdward Whilfield and his armed ery and indentured la+iour when spokenness and pot. Guyanese 'band at Cornell University , and one did the m i n i m um youth finds itself bein,z torn throughout the U.S. the lon~am:>unt of work to be able to between t he " everybody is arm of the Student Democr"lti'<! avoid bein~ whipped or givin g eq ual'' attitude and a general Society casts a shadow Jn preoccupat ion w ith personal employers a chan ce t-0 redu~ youth's thinking, pay. Clornly linked with the wealth and social status. PreIn a similar position are many idC'a of en-operation is the idea dominant in manv voung Guvother leaders. The leaders of oncse's m inds is the acqqjsition, of ''One Natlon.''. As it is, we the Black P anther moveml'nt. are now six ethnic groups, by hook or by crook of stat us 'for insta nce, are all idolised by wi!h:n eacll ethnic group there svmbols. H u:h on the li!,i or. :,,outlts of many cou ntries; Cle:\is ofte~ a great d e.ii of close moror•b ike~.. "in-claibc~··. co-opcrat!on; a clear example g·rlfrimds 13.J'l(l boyfriends, E-,•cn • SEE PAGE 14

by M. T. Phillips

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MARCH 1970

THE QUEEN'S COLLEGE LICTOR -

Interior Development " Thi-' G oYU'UOr Will i,:in: ;\VU dealt in bu<:ll a rticll!:s 11::< •h alf vJ llt•1uke and take hal f W f'l'I;' l-So;t•Uli!tl LO the Iuof 1Jo1okt' · fw th~ . Nt><..;T~, d la•,. illll t·o11JIUP1I ti.I UJ4'i1· and lht>y will ~(/ u t OOl"t' U{I locallty. T hi' jolnUcss r ~ couun·y._'' U:1 J,"u'br uary ::l:J, from whlcll the li ning ot 19'W, rile m au who spoke these the blow p ipt'S is made wns words will lie J,)Q:,-thumptl.'-IY iouud In t he uorthl!ru CQUU· b 'lnourect whcu b1..• l,; o llk1u uy try, a ud Ulus uf'<•amo an dl!cl.u:.ro the tlt;.:r :Suliona l artitlc or bn, t c1· t'1,r the 111.He1·0 c.f the R t'{)ublic of Guyd ia mi livin~ there.'') ana. l t· i>- U1+• 1..®te utloo o!

1·11,. e-x,s11·11t't' or th !.; trnde, thl.s paper wl& icll iw;:k,; t" ll1•,t l m·eu in tinll'::< ot' iutl'r-rr 1bal With t he bistHl'y an<l tJw J:)t,:. wartarP, 1>1ov("; tha t the tentia l of i111Prl1 •r di-v~J.,p. .\ u1ennf!lim-; 1·f:"allS('() .t ha t the 11('1:CS.SilY to CV-<>Pl."rntc wus meut, tha t 11otwfU1:,<tuodiug nt:11 to t hHr !').is rer·11~ . his othE'r •"([lloi n,, th e OH.· rt111 t:klO a ~Muiaril, Pedro d ~utlcn o f t111· ul:ll•,1• wo r rl!i de Ovawlo ln11rt{'{I iu tt.1: H a r i'Ill . ,;ulfkit·11 t lo w i11 Cuffy u _pklce amonl!" ou r N a tioun t H1~ . ma aud trif'd t o €!$:Utbll«h . a suttlen.ient Lhl•, t-, but the ~ p a nroes. },'nr It 1-. 1·1>r1 .\iri • t tia t la i·d<. W(•1(< ~, >Ou \ln\ E'tl t'Ul b_v · Cull'y l'f'Uli,-:1-.J t b!tt intl.'rif\r the 001,eloplllt'n t ,,ffert'1:l to the Cari~ w h,, ioha ollrtj t his revvlutfoni,ts t he 0 1mn't' ,1r a l'E"J, J-:uror>eun ,-i>lf,nl:1.tl!:-ru buikl ini;:: :, n .-pu tlli1· w hkh hatj t~•JU1• t f r Guya nu ,111t.l tx~ wo,t111 111,1 ,,111,· ,,.. fr,,,. of th•· (.':tU:,l' <:vloninlism wn,-. ba!-f•• I 1t11 oppi~ln~ <'Ont rnl of thP {'ot~· trit< cvll('fllJt or E>xploiting the n lnl PO'lll'm , uur more . itnpo t- • l:111<1 a 11d th (l J:ll.'Clpl!•, r.ne A cnr·raot !-till. rt,,.. , 11:11111> , .1 lmlldi!l'i i:tn<.. who w,•rc many in 'ing a p rospt-,1,u,; :wv " ~ma t number wet·1· able to d ,!-.p ia y 1\epllblir. thMr ho:sti lit y 11, chis !-I ,wm 1.•fff>i•i11·,,1y :1 ;·d lo dl'i,·1: 1,11r Hittu: no, tJtt· b i:swr.,· of nud tho Spantn nl<i. E 1·1>n the 1Jutd 1 the attituu,, rowa 1u~ 1>ttr int erior WU!-i <:.1 1·<;"L11i l.Y 1·:ttt uJau.1.I w bo be<'am.- t h<- fir,..t n:uijor to 11rl-$1•1t\ a 1m·rnrn w hlcl! <'oloninl p(lw cr ht fl u yana w.as u 11J:1111·a <:t "1· 1·11un;.:lt t u 1.h'soug h t to expl<>lt t hl' A11 1<•r inte1· p n,~~··u . ,. :-Pll h·rs it, tcil., dhtn'<. In t hPir cradP with tile a.r;,a, unJ w, 111 ll 11 ,ultl ,·u,un· uati vf:"... thl'Y ~ lVI' lit tl(• In ,ethat tlw lllaj11, 11 y v L cite l)t'vpl1· tu rn ror q na n t i1il ~ 11f a nu:ttto remaiuhl 111, 1u1• 1c,a,-t,a 11d. <h t.' wlt lc h i h('Y r r-,•l'!v1al nnol .ti)vw 11)11 n· , , nu·1·..; '"'' 1· pn": h l(·h hr ,m~ht · ;:n•.r t pr1-tit.. part>tl '" , :-. i. u 1 111c 1·i n111·, 1.,r 1>0 th1• F:ur..r,NHI m a rk,•1, M i nt<'riur J1 •1·,·1u1,m 1•111 tlt1·~ th» c1u.,·.

W'hat i,-: wo">:P. th1> J'orwai ,!\'(! ll " a 1•rf'l·, ·111hil>' t o r D ukh l'l'E'n a lt.•mptl'<I to l'n this, a ,-.~ s 11•1,1 wli ,.-i, w111,lo1 !o1• f la \'l' t h(• A 111Prirn li u 11s, nnd n111 to:· th,· l,;•1,1 li1 ,, f a r, •11 L1.11trP11<: ~Hur m v 111 n ,-., ,-, .~.

Euro [)(•:111 , x pl,,it ,,r .., w lt11 :IOflE', Jl11 Jt-h no\"l' l 11"1' ( 17~~w-0ulcl 11,..,. ilu· la h1111 l'i111! po, .. lij~) ~hlf P :,,. ht Oll t • ••f h ;, J ~n,..:. ulatiou a s 11 , 11· 111(1[-.. to c·rP:ltP p:it,·lt•" to h i, ( '11m r :•11y fl•lirich i>s in i i ltl.-11 lalK1u r1>rs .-1 0 ),-, i11 I lo ll11n,l. th:1 1 tlw would no1 ... · 111 ,,. Thus, t !11• r•, ... , .\ l'i11d,1 ""'' ' , , 1 ·lil'->h ,, AOlt"l'inrl i1111:< w,•rt- rt>f1•rr,·cl t<• tu 1IN1 l in :rnc :1 tt o1 •h·,• :1P1 ) ,·,-.1 in uw,f """ t., iu 1,•r 111 s ,, hi,·lo, i...\a,·~ . ],':, , , . , " i f ' ' ' r' ,1 l ikt>, " ( ' hliclr, ·1 : ,.f t ht' f-'111·Ps t'' tu thr•i r f11-( ,t,,•11 th,• \ rm.,.i•\· w ere rh•si!!111•tl t" •·a s t , ,i,-1u r, •, tliall" \\ ith1l ,·,•w i' ' " t"· 1

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of a <:i111pl,•-111i11Clt'<1 a w l 11 n11ro g(~S:sivp J)l'" L•i•. ' l'H\J p1e 1u.. of II rPli-0~ 11 ·,slvt; i11tl,i;1•a1111., ,,..,,,,le 1111,-. oa rallclt, t l,l 11 ,. , ww t.ak\'11 ol'. those ::,l.o, , 11 1111 sougl1t tv ,'::!Ca~ int., l 111· iut1•1·it1r a11tl .;aiu t it pr,>, ti 1•11· 1,, .,. ,11 111 r. vw tht' s 1·::;t1.•n, , I ..;,u 1·.. ry. 'l.')11'>'1' freedom ti;:11 11•ro. Wl'l'I' ,·h:trat·· ter-ist>Q "" ,-11 \ a;:1·" wlto,;,: ha ,.. ba rk 1111 l u1·,• 11,,., 1.rl,,I tm ·,11 w r n<,tbi n;! l,,·t l vr , 11:111 " w ild u; 11 l bruti;;h l l it • itt llw 1t,t1•1 ior. 'l'h lll:, w11, h, 1·1, 1111· 111,,• ,,-t n ,11,.

B u,;h -~f'l,(ro ; 111 h i,.: IJ:i11uwu~,,11 ,, l'r,, :11ta • 111 tl tl11· ta ll·'< Of t ht• Hi l l< 1·11:11 uraJ 1·is itt1 11t,.:

of the in t.e r lor

.\[a,,-:11·111·11111:111

I anti \Vat.. r l '1"1•[)h·, :11ttl ,·ari uu,.. other p111n ·n111 ,-11 :,i ·rio:1111, al .f()rce-,. \\" hP11 It • Jiu• S\lf>\•r, ri t lou;;;, l ht>rt' wa-: a 1hlt'l.l Uw terr if.}o in;? a11tl 1•xa ~;:Pl a l•'tl J•i•·· tul'e of ,tw pl,r,: ll-:11 cl i;<;tCl rnntagt>S o r t 111 l11t.-r h,r- wil•laninut ls, " llak ,·:-, l~' llt in;:r fort>1;t,; null t r t>:w l11•1·.. ,b ri VI' ,the in tP,1·ior t,,11k 011 a fOl'tni· dab1E' a ppc>a n u 11·1·. lt. -,Jwu ld not the-t°"fort·, 111 • , 11 l'J 11·: -<i nl!, that l!:<'llf'r:tt i,,11,. ,, , 1; 1.1·.u :P'-'I' ..;hvu l1l re.flJS(' lo l'l':tl i,P (11,. h nd (:uft'r, lh·tt ' • p,,. i11t1>ri11r l11.\" -rt;.p r,.111, 11 fiaLu t ·! r•·:t r rn·11-:r,1•r ity. 'l 'he iud i;.:,~."''' "' .\ :, •·1 i1al, au tri ~, ll n•11 :, t I ltc u 1a 1; vi the ll l'~ l L , .. ,,,,.•11,, 1•;,..{)!111·u·

I

\J II,• ,, .,a,

tiGll!:, VI

, " .. ~

whioch \\ a• pn)V 1du1~

.

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.ti

1a11J

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capatJk 1>1

l ,l\·,r

:--, .i1 111t•

It 11 . , .. :t , ·a ,- L la ull, t.rnversetl l,J 1 •. , .. Cul ::<t n·a 11i:,; W:l11tl"-

and fill('d ,, du ~ all l l' :l l tU l tl U,"' the .:\ Uh. l'1 l 1t1 ii l u~ ,·t,Ult.l h ... H. <.'<>uld lw r1r, a,11 1 1·ou hl ;.: r u ,, their Pl'()\'i'-111.i>- ti.,· lo t(' i- ..,, p o• method , r n at111;.: tl'" ' 11 u patch l •irt ,.t iu ••l I l.111L iu;.: 1

,,r

their cr, ,1,.., 1n tl u• W h alt>1·c r u, ,., ,-.,iti .. , Deeded

...,, ,,.

11

w hi,·11 . , !i u l 111,1

t r, lr·

i,,.,.

d uce for il',Ph w ,•11• ,-.11pp li1~I by bane, 11 11 1, u rhe r t , ilw•, Writi11:.c 011 'l' li1..; t 11ttor-'l' rlt1:1 I Tr:1(1(', 1t il- h·1rd llulllwi11, u·... t r lc t t'orn11 11,11l'r fur 1lw ltup un11 11i i11

[ '·Tht1 sava1111:1h tJn<'t fr11111

1! hil',. 11cot , 1: , ,i..:ia uu ~ a P 111di:111,.. :1 ,-. tl i:--

t

•

\ 1.

rnn ... l fltli:111, , nnd WC?1·,• 1111! l11 t..•rnu·dinri(';o; 111'1\1 , ., .,, t h•• ~l akno.i-; t o fl u· ~" ti, w 111. 111111111ra ,··

t Ul'<-.)

I''"

.. ...

T' 1"11-1

poison , a nd t~e W ai-w ais to th" }-1111· • .1 ' '' "" ,1w<·i ality wnc: 1lt• , , , , '11, ·t io11 uf fl i11h for t it,: 111,11,11f·11·1 11 rirn::- of t'll":SUYII !!l':t ll'l'>'.

T iu><-+· t ribes ('fl lTil'<l r.n )ll'H<'l"fUI trading lw twl'C?n 11a 1·-: or ..::ru)"ll11,1'r<I a1111IIH•r t r iht> a s u go-bt•h1 l 'P tt .

1..: in llu• ins tance ~I n •n a ho, I'. '.!'hey 0

fl *"" rP:1,·h,,,

tlH'y

, .1 1lu \ in u•rinr :

I [ II' ... 'l • ., f' fl •t •' t Co rnpan,v ofllr la l" , I 1 •t,·h ",, .

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-.11J-l " 1'• "'h O ~re tlll' ha..;,• of t h<' n 1111 h {'nlon ia l !-\r'-'IPln. , r: 111 tl 11• wi 1h1lr:1wa l of tl1l' .\ m 1•ri1t<li:rns t11t11 th» TntPi-ior thE'V Wt>l'e \'1•11>!!.tlt'fl by the ( ',,!; ,11!11 1 l'OWl'l'" lo Ot'<'ll ~•Y thl' '-f1lt1•n• of "f ' ltl\111~ " 1 u f lh<' 1·o·'t,· t ". rt m u.,;J 11111 htfWCYE'l" h,: t lwu;:ht rltat ttti, ., ., ,. ,11·i!!· iu a lh II rlE>rn)!u lor) rnlp : oor m u"t it I><: tl11111!!ht that a t thls P 'll'h" '<lrl"I' thl' i11!1·rit,1' h:lfl :1~0-., ;llll<'h· .~n ,, inh' l'l''-1 f1,r thP f.11rr>Jll':11i-:. To <le ul with the l:1ttt' I' c•untt•nt ion fir-;t, :l fal't ..r 1, h ir·h ail <:uy!tnl'"•' nre ·•wn ,-1., l h1• hPlif'I' tll:11 tlwre ln ~· in C:11.1·n 11a UH' f:1h11 lo11,1·it v of F.l Dn n uto, •1irN ·t1"1 1'1~ n t11•11tio11 M n h11~t of nd · ,l"ntu rN·~ fo C: uyun:t',, Tntl'rio r .

T h f· r (-.nl t. if nf\l a" 1l r n o. li<' 0" t hat whi l'h ov,, r <'nmf' tlw fl 1 \ .... , f,1 11U•U!-: of ( h( .... p ! t 'i\'f'llt111'l'r -... !,:lr " 'nll1·1· H aliP!!hwa, that hotl<'" 111•1• · fn1 .::. t r atN'I and th<' tln•.11• .. r int>'· r! ()r tren'-'lll"l' fa rh1 l 1111a~· f1.r ' " 'I]

Ji" f1 •h

0

( '1•t1(\ l f' it•..:.

Tl ,.. f·oil11n• uf E111·n1••a11, t<> find Et D111'ltdo tllcl 1111r 11)(':lll t lt!lt ~ 1'('111 ril'i 11•,- \ \('l' t' 110 1 W illi r- om <:u~ ana lty tl ll"'l' rn~hh'.,, 1·:-.plnil\•r,. Tit,• pr11t11-. whio•h v1 1·n• w<,n fr,,rn thP • 1t r111lt·" .n \ nnallto ll.1·t>, w otLld hft1·<· h<•c-n 1lwarft>l t,v ch<' pr• l'it s 1•f t h,· L<'itf'rHln r.,· I I 111,r a rln : tht') \1· 1•r 1• t1,,•,1rl'1•l h.v th1• prnfil, c.f tit(' " 11!!111" l t:tdt•. \\'hf'II ill lfll• tntr 11~•<''" u,.. l 1t1kh '- 1 1!!:ll' pln utM',-: ll•'f•i n!! frfllll l'a r nam1\1,i·H in 1•, r l ui.!ll' ' . ;_" Jt ·n7.i l. p,. ta hlbhl'll 'h• ( '11lr,11~ • f :,.;i1•11w Mitld<>l httr;: iu rlw l'11111PrP1)11. t hPY

<:t <I rli'<l !I

I r:t itl tof t•\"Pll t , t h,• 1,· ... 10"\t-:1! ,.,,,· l 11p rn1'fl r of <111,1,t11:1 . 11f lhP f':1•·' hlot•·111 , u•v l, I" l:1 1 t.

wl,k'• ,1 ,..i r1H•tl

,,r

w o•·l •I. I , •.- "11!.!lll t,r, 11'.!'ltl thf' JI' fit-: 1,11 II h il-!r J-:11•·0JY'!III ,,mnir,... """'" ,,., tmilt :11111 fro nt w H•·h E 111·1>J)'"111 (lpv, 10fHUPftl ·,v:,..: fi n:•n,••\ool. . T ri _,: n :,na. ,-;11-~lll' 1orr,11z ht w it h rt t l11 ,.,.,., a,ilv 11f :t ,·:r c:f la ho111· for N'. :11111 <:i111 ·p ll tP .\ """'i t1tli •1 •1 , l 1·1il :iii·, ·•dy \\'~t • ,l ··~p,· ,, int r t hP ft ,l't·,1..... l:1 l ~ru· ,,·:\, p1•m:-i1'•~l lw t l•c- l111 r1 sl •ll'ti1111 tl 11,

,...r '\ f p,·: '1'ht"

It

t.:1, n·,,.._,

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nf

" 1 1''

""'!ll'' nla 11t:1t1, ..,,. •lii't" t,•rl th ·• t t\ll

N,\ :, ,r , t,,ui l ,1 h 11 " ""1 i· f 7' 1 • n th.'lo j p J) l"t ..._'l,1,•q~· . 'l'hth

, •• , ,,,-; .

\\ " t'l (: ('~n f 1 ·f'<l ! l ,.l'\1 \ Hl l ••·"I r 1, .,•:1Ji1 " :i n•l ,.-11110 I• i" tl'lll• t ha t t hr ' n1111•h. " s,• tt11'11

., ~H r lt~·

f · 1t•

1' 0

,,, , , . , •..,;

J,,l ' ' ' ' I I '

f •

thP. 1111111

t V.,

• • If\

elevated aud Ute soil

!ei'tile."

(ltev. W . T . Veoes: El Dot·ado or Brit ish Guiana as a F ield of Coloois atlon-Lon don 1866) ; · it ls aISo true that a.ctlvltr " "" <:<ntUUL'O lv the p lauuhu,u lim it$ UJI(] U1at schern~ for 1vul iutt>riot· d.-v~lop weat Suclr as t11at p r,1po>!t'<I by S torm Gr:t ve&111~h! who sought t(I eot-purage ..l't U<>r.ot"11t of the intrri<..i· t,y famil ies, bvth as a ow,111,; ,.,. d 1w~·lotiin(!' this u re:a , . and :ls n ,menus of defining the b< n wl:trif'S witb the r\l'P,rh bour· ing SJ.)a oi!<h !X'l ony (n ow. Vf'nl"· zuela) wel'I' rl'jl'(·tE'll both by the ,rn~ar plan le.-s nnd b y the N•rupaux , ,tlldals in H ollniul.

T he intcrlc,r w!ts to be · a n u uOl'l"e lc,[)('d arcn. whl<'h wo1tld • prPYl'n t 1>,:1'flpe b, tltl' <:l:1 vl'!'< 1:M><.'nuse of it,-· \lery lack of dE>:100

bt>eaU"I'

it

wn11M Iv• lmnw11 f ,nh · r<>" thP ·" .._, ..,lin11<: -who w".>te now

trnnsformed in to a sort I

•

of

In1•l1

cn U!!'.h t .and returnE'd nmawt1y ~l·t• • '<' l, 1 flit • , :1:· jlhlll l H • tif,,,<::.

The Dutch O luu ln l .\ •Jin 1, b t,·u l.1011 ia1·1J wuy w l :l'lth-h Cvlvuiuli::1111 iu lbH, fi11r t 11,• u., •. s , , i e;,..p loitativ11, t ilt• 8 ugar l'lumation u11J uor c h:1ug\•, ·1 t1 t•, t • w :..t'-' JHA\ r,, ,... r, o. C'h ttngc in Ult' sl ti ug o ( 1111· {>la u tat tu11,-, ,llHI II t 111 111 io.: cl1aoge even t he ex ii-:tE'n<:C o f deve lo pment o n the periphery v1 ,,u,.

1uted1Jr \ 11Ubu,... . fhl· 1,01·<1~ of thP Hrv. 1\'. T. \"1•111,s,- :t t 1• !I l11t1:--I ('J{t•t·til ,• 1111•,111,

,.r

, -:-.1>llti11in:.:

u11,

d1ani:e, , ·enC?,-...: states: ·· , ,, 1·w11,~, 11 , ,,.. llu ll:uu l· er.; h ad n •maim•tl u11Jl s 1111l>t'tl lit I lu•, r 1,. ,...,.l',-s io11,-, ltP ,·,i·1st 111!;.:ltt 1.011 hnvo n•ma irn•d :t te rra i.neob'nita: , I I It• I• Ii•·~ n J I Ill' t ;u:_:li<:h has bct•n 11,,. n •v('r,.e o f' t•n r il J >ut• 11. .11,.11 111111.111:.: hl;.:h l:11,il ,,r l he inlRrio. , UH•) w,•r., ,·ap1il·a 11'fl h1 1111· 1:11· r id,, r ll llm ·iul ..,,' ti Hf I h1 • • a ,t ; 11111 Ill th<• 1 ,.;auu• ti1u • tl1Py e:q>0::<~'11 thr-n1st•IH ,, 1.. wt th< Ut'k t1•l'i1•11, infltw111·1" fo,li·n ·,1 t.,,, a h,11 - ly111i; aud l>a,lly drni11<•tl di,- tr i<·t.

Th.- ,1111p,1:,.('(l J t:t::l'SSlty f o r forced 0

:, , ,

P

•

,.

•1u , lt' :,,. u 1.. e ... . 1 , ,,

·~

ex1,1:, in w h y f r1,c Sl'tllE>rs , ,. , 11, t ll<wk to tit,• cdvn~.

Laud w:i" P1t l,1· :1tt:1in:1hl p iu lari.:e q 1111ntitie,:, and capita li,t, 11 l'I'<· 1t1c• 0111~· l)Pr'-'nns 1v ho c•,,u hl pu,-"il1l.1 Of' i 11cl 11,·••ff v, 111 k1• a 11 in tt•n .. t in irs pn,<.pf•rily, in <'0 11,-i•11111•111·,• 111' lit \' l·l t!!,• outla y n •q11lrl'fl for 1!11· , 11 ppl~ ,.r , 1 11·1 " In lr111•11cl<'111 ,. f 1t1P pnrt·hu sl' of t1 11• P, tat P." l II th1· 1·ol o11il''< w lti,·h hall i>N'11 {''-t : 1hlishl'<l h ~ th l' t he J-:· ..·111,;•:111 •·:1p · 1:11 ;,1, 1h1·1t• W"E>rl' h r.WP\"l'l'o JIE'l''-'011<: " 11 .. rp:d i..:,,11 tlt:1 t i11tt'rior fip1·Pl11r-

men 1 c·1111 ld h<• u ha .... • of ~r ..a t pt'tl'.l)('l' i1,1. l\'ot 1111• .\ rnp•·i1 ,1ia1!~ t"oi- : I , ..... " .,.,, . , 111 .1

n\\·.t v i 11 t11,· ,. 1t-- t...: nn" " ·•"·'· llf' \'l~I" (dlll '!lf l'ff t11 fhP \":l lll•' 1•r ll r,1·11,ir ..,•,,.i\'t' li(•y ('[l1J) 111'' 11t .. r fl11 ··r ill lPr lu " h·d •it :1t. n llt tllf• '- 1!!\...~ , 11 f l , ,. u111' '!Jl1 u n :,,. 11 •11 1 " <'<'11 thPi l' l:o h" lll' h ril '! " "" 'I t p ·,•fit.:: to t lu• F:11 r 11•'(',tll pl:111t111 • ·:w~ : 1111•;; ('l'ffy ' -: plan had ),,.,,,. ,,. ,·~ta hlish !111 l 11 ll'r·m • Rn1jql,ll1· " >1it•h tltrn11:rh ill· 11r ,·pfopmc11 t w o11lrl ""

fp r ;. ,r

, ,,.

•• 1 1 ·••11 ..: n .., ,,,.,....~iv<' nn<l ~ rP'lt : :tnrl t hu<.: too. 11tt1•r t l11' "l:, 1· '" 11:111 ~:ti""' l llt••ir full f rN •tl,1111 i n l lt\"l, harnl" nf r.,,. ,,,,.1°,,, t,,,1 :\ fri1·1111s c:1111::h t to ro1oyp into fl u lii•• t1>rl:111<l.

It i>< 1111P c:,ul r·r IIH·t ir>ll un ti.,.

11ffltutl/' f:l kf' II tf, th(•~('

l 'n" t - Rmn111•in:1tt11•, l'i111 N•1·-. t•,., t "'""'I trnl•n· littl•• j-, c:•ti<l ahll11t thl'm. tt,r 0 Jl11,1·;:: !)('ill!! hitl nn 1hr f'<: tfl;'ll ish11w11 t 1,f 1h r Yill!l!!f' g1·s tPnt. A l t h1• 1i Ill" ,,f tltl'i r tt!Tort« tl>l'Y ,n•r1• r n'< ti !!nfNI I\\' Dr. TIPnr.1· (: . fl ·•lton , w hn. Wl'O i'P 111!- two \"• lnnw..: nn n•·iti,h C:n iml!t ill 1<t;:;, n <-'('t of pN>nlP " ·h o h :111 l'PlllOYf'fl 1h f'll1Q(•lv('C: I n to th P r iYPl'F< n nrl <·l'Pl"kF< of on r llln trrl nn,1 fl '< thP nw nns or N 1s 11rinir thnt th e y roulil e njoy lltP h n •·h:i .-ow, :11111 11 11 p ro!!r<'"· ,h·o l ifP wh i,·h h/Hl h f'<' ll t hPil''! )u,fot•C? th PY WC'l'P "'llh,lf'l'·f!'rl t 11 thr ,11 .. 1·it11i 11P of f'()fl-:t r 1H·ti 1•1• l •1ho11 r nn llH• ~mrn r n tunt:1· tionc:. 1'h p ,•f\ i~ n n tH •O I tf\ n nin t to t h<' l 111lirro11c:nr,;:: of D a l t,,n' .:: "'nn h·.._:.._ Tt pu 1,t tu,,._ ('\"f'", hi' 11nt/'1l 11 I t! 1i, onint , , . : at.,

Cl"tll~

D a lt,m's

l' ,...,.,c l'l t l (;: rt(H.::Cf

n ttlln,fo

PAGE 3

A Historical Note

by Tom,._y Payne

ve lopme-u t ,

HEPUBLIC ISSUE

• Ji n•

t1;wri rcl,

t he:-e l'iorieers i s para lle lPd by 11ie popular , iew Ule "Po rkkttocker:." us ts~wi.:.t,iu bal'ic iudil'ldu,1ls wllo · cuunu <:oufur111 tu h(E' a m o o~ u,e c1 n lir,'1.l eoa ,;tal I)(,pul,ttlo11. A ud it must a lso be j)Vlt1tetl out th at ju,;t u~ lirtlc s uX's:,. ha<.. i1l;cn plti~ on tht> pioneer at'th ·i til.'l:l o f !lie ·' l 'vrk -li110 1:k <'l'I'" , /;O tov, lite lt• i, said of the p ro;::pcrlty v, 011 t,y tho;'(• C,u·ibb<'u11 l rurul;.rru n ts wli11 ha 1·e 01..ul t' thPir hoLUe,,. irt rhP i11tf;rlor. ::,.;ott1i ni;:: fo r r xa mpll' liai-: );(>('11 heu.ru (,f t b.e 11 i

oi

\ "hil'l'OI i:10'- wh,, '. a1 1df'<~ i ri lll i,-

1·111111tr,1· l at,~ in l !).1~• . .anrt ypt we ctm be <:ure thut U1~ n rc · 11,,w pro::pPring ' La '-u,11i- i11· tt.'1;or sct11rme1iL

'l'll~ wry !net that V t•ue,-s L'iJult.1 wr it!'. t bt.ook e uc itli ·cl: " J'}l J>o ,rnuo 01· ~1 .th,h t:ulnua us • tl t,'lelct for C,,louiztttlon•· l)l'Vn.'!< ljovn .• n-r , t hat the PO<\t· J,~uiu n<·lpittion period saw somE' thr,u!!ht on the pro,;1le<:ts or l utcr-Idr De~E'lopml'nt.

The <:1·lJP111••,: p:·opi1S1-o ~'e~ ltow•·vi-r '-'.-fwm,.... v, h il'11 wPrr to :1t,• s1 lPb " for tl1r h1'nrfi1 or t hf' EuropP·in dl'W·l1, pm, •11 t 1wr pa•·<'< I t,-. p:10'1Pl' to t hl' vi,•w 11( our l nt el'l or. 'l'h 11" \'('Tl('<:<: i;, p rep·tr l'd to p<inder to the v ie ,•: t hat t he Amerlnf ia11<; Wl'r E' IJy 111ttt1rr unpr ot?"rp<;~in' : th :1°t I hf' .\ fri1•a11'-' Wl'l'f• h ,· llll• tw·.- laz r: :111rl tha t the E:1,t I n,1i;1 n{,,l "·p,·~ h, n :, t ,, ,. a people w ho wou ld onlv be i:rod uctive ii' d irt'Cled hy E11rope1n mru-ters. V e nei-c's .,,.l(UT.'1ent wo,: tl-1er efcre t \.i~t E n ro -

''I"''

(I

r, ~ "' ~..,, 11 ( "'rn, n-

,.n ... ·, :. , ..

-:at)t{

G erman emigrants" should l.w :l l' owl'<I to co me tn anrl do,..,[,p, th." i.,ter· ,.r. ft"' , "" cl ediM li.'rl t" t 1,;~ v·n.,-H ~h t in meni!oni nt. t he f·•ct tha t : · H ithE>~to. ;~ th" "<ldit im1 l o l hl' o ~;.~ a C'l""- · n 11,e w ~v r,! <:o'r,n i ·"tir.n · \re.,,h , - .... ,_ l.onc<l. ther " !• ~ e x·~terl n very pawe r ful one in th(' s~· pe d !'xc<>,,· ,·l'l v str ;.,_ ge n t and v e in tious r e~hfons with r , g;,rd to c rown land,;. It ic no libel lo s late .. th,t thE>y have bePn framed in sulyervie nce to the in ter est of one d -~s - c, r ta inly, one o n w hich the conunu nitv. as a c0mmunity . d e r>end s fo r e x ist 0 o"" - v : :, the planters. "Self-t>res<>rv-.tion is 1he firs t-la w of nature." T o re-ctr ict !ht• population to the l'e1tled port;on s of the colcny ha s hitht>rt<> h· ~m the nollc,· of the L eogisla ture. Tr 18€1 ;,., 0m; .... ..,,.P w · s n 'lsc:ed wh ich doubled the price 01' crc,.w n la nd, m a kin!? it H' d o ls. i. n a cre, cf a time whe n ahancloncrl ""'"te~ m•· l-l b t> mn·ch.,s('(! for one - f : t'1 of thr

amount" hr is u-, + 1° to i1•• ,.v the pr~p0,. CO'Tll.:'111~11'\'"'h .. V "n(>Sc:; ic:: " 0 ~hl" to ~,-.p 1h.,t ti..,, f-. ••,; t l-. -, t h!' h1s ~hown t•P ..'l 1e, h's ol<>r~"""n l " ' the q•b,i -•ct r ace,; int o dnr o <tato..-y ca t,, o-orie- . Venr:o,--; i · nn•'- 1" to r ,,. t;"e tlr a t •b' r l Rf't Ordi n•nce ,,.,.." n r1·,.,.ct mov 1o ctoo •he ,\ frr, -G•1v 1nr se o ionPer<; to move in•r, ,.,,. i"-tl"r'or ,,,..,1 •" <>r e b11;H w'-iat w " rl 'l' ed t h<>.,, u nder the Villaite S vst· m pl'O!'Ol'r ity ;,nd PCO" OllliC indPr<>~d e n r r . JI ;._ th e rek>re .., ,., s 11 rnrlco th'lt V r <>,s " •·o icl« a n v "'"" io n fl-I' th o F111,.~1· ,.,,u 1I c v te o1 in ~'" r-"01< fo r Educaf " n W'l c rlonif><l the Amerino:"''" " nrl the Th"t l mmitlt'an t~: w t..,=Je c:11ch "fht~Ption a s w :•s ,tve... tl-oe African S"Mor. was u~-:1 ,·n"' "" rr ~Y\.,ff"l ....'11 t h om ;n tn a ppe ndal.'es of the Capil<1 lb l <:"l'f<'r r->th er t h-. n to <l <>velfln tl1eir n·one ~r activ i' v. F or it r,, 11 01 h,•re bo ~oterl thi.> t t h<> propo,;11.J<: on E,:lur<> \ion whic 1: Wl' t' " m ~dr h v B K "y Sh11t'\l!wo rth in 1St7. w h ;r h sow •ht to rr"· te ·ro111 11,., li'-r'l n,.in• t d Afri"'l"" an ft u•i rn ltnr:il P "'"' 8iintr v wer e r e i,·c·efl bv Ph r>1t'""· r,.""""nmen t :mrl by P riec:toa;, o re~:"" lv be caus e th is peas,,ntry wo1 •lrl haw, rnrwed ,iw,i y from r imi t?\'<t rlom ir11.ted C<>astl .. nd ari brou itht · hout t he C 1J"' o•· •·vc Deve lopm en t of the l rter ior.

T he 1s-:1 Ordir.i..nce. cont11ii1 °rl hn'<IP" P '" . noe P.~\'i<:iOn c bO>lt. v •h "rh the p ,-.,, Ve ne;:;; was en th11c:i s<-+ic v ..n~,s r.o•c-s: "'l'hio:, o - d m.,,,..::n, h oweve r .

CO'lt'linprl " r l q U~·' th"' inserti on of which redeems it 0

from the unmeasured cond emn11-t1o n ;wh.ch it would othe1•.vise have deseNed, and seems ~o m.irk a new progress of public opinion.

• ~- snail be law lUI ror tne G overnor , w ith the a d vice a nd con~r,t of the Court of P olicy, to ~ssue free gran.s of land in such localities and allotll\<i'uts, su bj ect to suc h reg.ul«tiOr.lt, a nd in fav o u r o~ s uch immigrltn,s c oming to the ~olony at their own expenre, a1> the G ove r nor ao<l C ourt ot P olic>·, by p r oclamatio n, -shall ~om . . ..... ~ c tu l tn ~ decl.ar~.''

Tlili; slaiemen . cont3.ins the-

:..

germ of Colo11LI P olicy wUh re{itr d' to 1.he t.level.p ment 'oi the G uya.11a I nter}w . T he only se t le.-nent which ~ ould be encouraged •in the lttlcrior was selo l,.:;.,e,,t nf £.>'hw E ur nu · n · Exploiters: Tfflts the poten.tl~ of r es:dent G uy anese for Interior Development w as a lways repr~sed; thus too the o nly time when Go vernment g vc ser io us consid erat io n to In ter ior Developmen t was when it involved iait ~k: n ned and caoit:ilist or iented peoples sucll. as · the Assyrians (Sy riaru-) a nd the J ews, (the ·'R eport of the British G uiana -a~d Briti:5A H ondu ra s S e ttlem ' nt Conurusslon" pubHshed by the Colonia l O ffice in 1!148. mentions only the 1934 ptOpc..0 - J on Assyriifu Set.lemcnl and the J!i39 proposal on .Jewish R e fulalc,e Settl 0 m e nt ' ) . A nd th us the C rown L " nrls Re!tL>i:tl. c n.<; ot '9l 9 Ol>Na ted only i11 f:, vou r :,I the e,:. b J;"h m ent of Ja r :1e nnc hes hy E urop(!an :- nd A m , r:rll n caplt.alists. , Wha t h ppen c ? to t he l nterior un.-l e r ,h's type o · "develo -::ment", if one m ' y for the 1, ,.k o a I- •ltt>r t r"1. 11ce t ',·<; word C"n he cle,:,"r ''l-"d l·y ·'-e words of R'cha rd B· lrJwfo. (A"d it mus . be noted ti.· • l" r!?e sc:1h setfle .,,e n l in the l nt r ior. even h v S vr i ru: a " cl .Jew s, w• s n'>t pl'nwN1.). R <>lcl w' 'l n " IP<; in h is ''Th"' ~ 1p1ununi R ecor<l.": .

"Befo re th e a rriv 0 1 of • l-oe ind 'vidual. or priv;,te rJ\n cl-oer. the M ·,kusi~ h • d 1-een s,1biec t lo a ce ,.t in de~r\!e of B ra7:Ean in ' lue nce . and wer e lhus nll'e"rlv l)r.,-li<;poi;ed l:i a'1Y fu.rtr. cr d i,.r11p ' iv <' , ,....,.,,.,,t wh:c!r m ·~ ht b" intr<'(fo"•' d nr-" "'! the m . Th" .sm~l! ranches prov;dcd this. The u 'lfor h tn t " cnn ~rct •·enc.e so fa r a~ lh"' Maku~',; io r e con<'"l'ned h<>" comP abo11t as aro inevit " ble. al, rou~h u nfor!'"('n, result o f cer tain <'ondit'ons .

Be c ~, •se. ;.is comr- rr>d with t he co'Ilp an y's holidays . th e r ,,r,c!les were r la f,·ely ~m.-,lf r· o.-}, h o" ~<' wcrp rl"l1t iv"IY r fose ;ind the neit!hhourin<? Indian vill•ges a nd l.otnest e ~d ~ "'e re In clo~er C""'tact with them and fell m ore full v under their influen ce. I n i;orne instances, w here r a nch economy rl2shed w i!h Inrl ian intere, t!' t'1e small ranch('TS w e re c u\pablP, but in t he m a in tl-oP which n atur.,11y syslein developed ,from the conrJitions - wa• at fa111l, the "pa tr<>n" syst.em.

Under th p progressive influence of this perniciou,; svstem th!' Jnrlinn lr"c·:- r w " rlP:r"·n· dent r e t,inH . r.lmost a serf on the r a n<'hc s ins tt>arl of an indC,l)endent employee.

It d epr:v ed him of the sen se of respons ibility. bec1u se his irrme <lia te rt-· quireme nt 0 wou ld t:c s un plied h v his " p"l' ron" a,..d als o of the possib'lity of eve r ber·om i!.J! othe r th'> n he w a!:" The r c:11)t ol this h a, o f t'""r.-;e been thl" J'. merind;a n i" 1·olvement h lh• w:01111un i Un•·' s n ~ of .Ta nuarv l!l !J. w he•1 !;..~ r ancher"< cl l" ~ed 11' 0 • C ,._.,...,.!<," into attackin<? r, ' vPr "r.'"'lt which W , S dL>el,.,.tPr! •.., c-••1~ing 1ha t th~ .n· ... 1;,. .. , ••.,.. .. no lo nger ex ·,lo' • utr Jr-! ~... ,_ ou• A.merin tl ir. c ' · It miithl I c t!·'l•t«h l tt,-t , ~:,, writer is a :l• n:ot!n ll lv,p ..o· ,. 1 () set down tl,e G -,•: <-r n " ' '" ' 1·., r: To ens ure th · t the h'at,.. - :"t accur acy cf thi•: con •en1;-,, :~ um'l ..r st;_" r1 :1 i-..,, tl,t:r e fo r e

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1

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SEE PAGE 14

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THE QUEEN'S COLLEGE LICTOR -

PAGE 4

REPUBLIC ISSUE

MARCH 1970

A CCIDENTS IN MOTOR RACING Article Co?:1densed Accidents are a part of molor racing, just as they are of mountaineeriAg and skiing; but because of general ignorance, the hazardous side of some sports is laken out of context and exagg~rated.

Albout 5,000 persons in Britain are licensed to race motor cars.

There were nearly 100 race meetings in 1967, each attended by 1:,0 200 competitors.

Statistics show that there were 2:77 incidents of such severity that the car could not have been raced <:luring the nexl 24 hours.

Two drivers suffered fatal accidents and ~ were severly injured. Another 32 were slightly !hurt. In comparison of these figures with that of the Road Re~earch Laboratory, the chance of injury or death on the British racetrack is seen to be only ,three times greater than on the road. ~ course, the risk is a very different one. While drivers may be straining their utmost, they are highly alert and ''aroused' (pulse rates of 180.200 beats per minute are commonplace). They are not, therC'fore, in the least concerned when a car a few feet in front l~es control and revolves through 360°, circumstances which would disconcert the 'average road user. Many potentially dangerous situations arc 'avoided by skilful driving.

Crash helmets must be worn, and many drivers of closed ca.rs are securely restrained by a comprehensive safety harness; these factors modify the pattern oI injuries.

Cars of three main groups a1 c raced in the U.K.: (1) The 'open-wheeled single seater the real racing car fo the uninitiated - and propelled by a

variety of engines.

Most popular during 1967 were the litre engines, generating 1,90-120 brake horse-,p owar and top speeds of 140 m.p.h. · Formula One cars - the international Grand Prix type have 3-lilre 400-bhp motors, and are seen only in the internaConal circus. (2) The two seater which, although officially a 'sports' car, is rarely suitable for use on the road. This group is subdivided into those with hard tops ( closed Gram 'l'urismo-GT) and those without (usually called 'sports-racing' ~ars). (3) The saloon car, thi! racing of which is vastly popular.

However, though these machines may bear a superficial resemblance to those bought at local dealers, the latter are without the special racing engines and suspension units with which most of the former are fitted.

The majority of these saloon cars arrive at the meetin~s on a trailer.

Similar cars are raced all over the 'YJ'Ol"ld. Saloon car racing is as popular on the Continent of Europe as in Britain, while in the U.S., huge "stock'' saloon with highly modified engines lap !banked circuits al average speeds of about 180 m.p.h. in great safely, with comprehens:ve 'rollover cages', full-restrain harness, and aircraDt-type c1·ash-resistant luel tanks.

In the U.K., racing is confi11ed to closed, pennancnt 1·ace tracks. Jn other countries, public roads may be closed 1·or racing, and the tracks:de envi'roment is thus inherently more dangerous. This fact may help to explain why 1:! drivers died in 1·aces on such circuits, whici1 included the sweeping curves of Spa Francorchamps in Belgium,

end razc.r bumps ! : ..

Remove the toughest beard 1

!HAVING POWDER

The figures tram tbe survey were not large enough to draw statistical conclusions, but il seems fair to draw some inferences. To start with, there ,s a first-class risk of being hurt if thrown out; only two drivers escaped ejection u.n scatched, and they were driving sports cars. Racing drivers retain the myth that it is better to be thrown 'clear', but a modern single seat racing car is a tiny device with a very restricted ~ockpit. To talk about being thrown 'clear' is a contradiction; many drivers are thrown only half out, and consequently are 1b adly hurt. Whatever the antics o(• the crashing racer, it 'is generally a lot better to stay inside. ft is not inversion that is dangerous, but ejection; and this idea relates well with road accident statistics.

without a razor {D E P I L A T O R Y)

MAGIC RELIANCE (Dental Supplies) VARIETY STORE

CONGRATULATIONS! WE TAKE great pleasure on this auspicious occasi<rn i n extending C O N ,G R A TULA TIONS to the Government and people of Guyana

-

Let us resolve to work with renewed co=operation and dedication for greater progress and prosperity. from- ~

EVAN'S PHARM.A CY

..

Camp and Middle S treets. '""*""

\.• .._.

...

the tight city streets of Monte Carlo. and the mountain passes of Mugeilo, Italy. An additional hazard that drivers face is poor race control, luckily very rare these .days. But on one dreadful day at a little-known circuit in Italy, a driver crashed into a trackside building and was killed ; no warning flag was shown to the following drivel'S, one of whom smashed into the wreckage and also suffered fatal injuries.

In a despairing attempt to warn oncoming competitors, one racing driver stopped his car and ran out on the track; tragically, he wa:; h it and killed by another car.

Such disasters indicate not that motor racing in itself is terribly dangerous to life, but that the least laxity in race control track safety, or organization can be fatal.

There was no significantly higher acddent ,r ate in any one category, but the chance of being injured in an open car was doubled that in a closed car.

Speed, generally, were similat·, varying only by a few m.p.h. at any given part of the track so why should the injury rate have been higher? There was no relationship between i njury and the risk of turning over during the accident. On the contrary the 'safer' categories ended up on their roofs more often.

On the road or track, inju1·y is produced in open racing cars in one of the following ways: by impact oi' the unrestrained by with the inside of the car or with solid bodies outside the car. or by forces acting on the body in the presence of efficient restraint. In addition, there is the risk of burning subsequent to the main incident.

All racing cars are supposed to give protection to the driver in the event of inversion, and c!osed cars provide good protection by virtue of their con.!:truction. Open cars are mandatcrily fitted with rollover b.irs but these are often rudimentary • - and in any case, ejection from the cars will negate ,my advantage they might hav~ offered.

I<

Nevertheless, it was a staggering fact that only one driver of the 79 open cars involved in accidents was wearing a harness, But before saying th.at all open car drivers should be harnessed, we must answer two questions: Would any of those ..who were thrown out have ,b een worse off in the crashing car? And why were those who stayed inside the car injured.

Only one driver can be said to have been lucky to have been thrown out. His high1powered .single seater broke its suspension at about 140 rrwh, tossed the driver out when it smashed into an earth bank, and went on to demolish itself over a considerable di!;tance. Tn all other cases, the cockpit

r

from which the driver was thrown was not seriously, d istorted in the crash. Among those who stayed in the cockpit and were hurt, most suffered chest injuries by •being thrown onto the steering wheel or against the side of the cockpit, and the rest received foot and leg i'ljuries inside the car. All but one or two trivial injuries could have been entirely avoided by the use or an efficient harness.

Of the ..scores of drivers at Grand Prix type cars, only J ackie Stewart wears a restraint harness. When questioned, most Gi-and Prix drivers fiud it difficult to put their prejudice against harness into words, but may mention their fear of being trapped in a burning car. Stirling Moss said that he would never wear a harness for this reason, and it is ironical that his own career - and nearly his life - w.is ended by a crash resulting in seve re brain m1ury, which could have been prevented if a shoulder harness had been worn. In addition, lack of a ireStraint harness did not prevent him :from being very securely trapped inside the wrecked car, which luckily dld not catch fire.

All the saloon car drivers, and about half the drivers of closed sports cars, were straoped into their machines. The iharne&S in commonest use is the lap and double shoulder 'type. The figures were, again, not large enough to withstand ... statistical analysis, but would seem to show that there was a !better chance of avoiding injury when a harness was worn.

A high proportion of ...those drivers who survived crashes, some at high speeds, by being strapped _in, suffered severe lbru~ing from the straps and from the seat sides. This shows that the forces concerned were great, and injury would have •b een likely in the absence of restraint. Controlled decelerat ion experiments have shown the well restrained body to be capable of withstanding 40 times the force of gravity for about 0,1 second (the durat:on of most vehicle impacts). But because car race tracks are for the most part provided with wide 'run-offs', the energy is largely dissipated before the car hits anything and the resulting crash forces are usually within tolerable limits. One unfortunate stra·pped-in Mini driver, bow ever, slid sideways off a wet track into an earth bank; the sideways decelerating force wa:. very high in the ensuing abrupt halt, and he suffered a fatal fracture-dislocation in the lower cervical region. In the absence of restraint, his injuries would have been different 'but probably just as fatal.

The commonest cause of death in road accidents is severe head injury. Racing drivers wear crash helmets that are required to comply w ith strict standards, and offer as much protection as is possible 'within accepted bounds of weight and bulk. Many drivers we.re concussed. but none had serious sequelae, no skulls were cracked. Apart from this, injuries were distributed evenly over the body, from facial bones to- the big toe; but single seat drh•ers suffered disproportionately from leg injuries, dtie largely to the confined spaces of the cockpits of the,r machines.

One driver in the survey received full thickness burns of face and ankles when his car 'caught fire, but the burns ris.c is not great in short distance racing. Grand Prix cars, however, carry 50 to 60 gallons of patrol in tanks that encase tho)

I

By S. GHOSH (U6SA) 'driver; the fire risk in a crash is terrifying, and the best chance of avoiding burns 15 to be uninjured in the crash and able to scramble out, protected lfor a few seconds by nonflammable two- layer overalls.

Many drivers died l'rom burns in racing on the continent, and 'much re!learch remains to be 'clone on self-sealing crash resistant fuel containers, and on 'confortable protective clothing.

Lorenzo Bandini, Italian num~ one driver for the ~errari Grand Prix team, died ~om burns received after a 'crash in the 1987 Grand Prix of Monaco; but :1 variety of contributing factors phyed a very large part in his death. To start with, he hit straw bales - well...known as making a dangerous track surround which overturned his Ferrari.

He suffered head and chest injuries at impact, and was thus subsequently unable to help himself. ;rhe flimsy rollover bar collapsed, The car caught fire upside down. Tt carried no extinguishing system and was not equipped with self-sealing tanks that would have prevented the profuse flow of fuel into the blaze. Prospective rescuers, ·with no fire-fighting clothing, were unable to approach until the fire was extinguished, and even then, had great difficulty !righting the car with the ropes supplied. Certainly, Bandiri died of burns received during the three minutes he was engulfed by the fire, but attention to any of the contributory factors before the crash would have almost certainly prevented his death.

Despite these horror stories, in general the incidence or injury and death in this violent sport is remarkably low when the high speeds of competing cars are taken into account.

In the broadest terms, the causes of accidents can be divided into driver's error (52 percent); other competitors' error (25 percent,; mechanical f ault (14 percent); and other (9 percent). No particular physiological factors were significant.; however, the wisdom of the gentleman who consumed two pints of ale before goin~ out and committing a gross error of judgement might be questioned. It is fair to say that drinking alcohol shortly before racing - in a sport where one in lour of the potentially traumatic accidents is caused by another's error - is criminal. ~ssed by a number of psychologists, racing drivers have been shown as introverted •toners', strong-minded, aggressive. and very competitive in spirit. It i.s difficult for those who are not of similar temper ament to understand the motives of the competition driver, who would be hard put to describe his own reasons for racing.

The competitor does not race beeause ihis is a dangerous sport, but because it satisfies him as no other activity can; to investigate the hazards of such a sport, and to minimize as many dangers as possible, in no ,way lower its stature or reduces its pleasure to the participant.

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MARCH 1970

THE QUEEN'S COLLEGE LICTOR -

REPUBLIC ISSUE

PAGE 5

GUYANA'S MAJOR SOCIAL PROBLEM,$ tact, .,tat istfr -. r e, caJ that tbo;,e wh .) ha\'e not ; ot the minimum . (fl,~-t-ubi,ecti, including Engli~h antl )lath.-.) but ha,·e got an.ythin; under that, are today Ufl>employcd, due to their o•wn inclolt.nee . At the moment, th.ere ~ to be a paradox here, since Guyana orrcrs limitle..,.-, jobs 0p. portuni:.ie-. for brawn p.,1ver as a.gain'>t hrain power .

In U1i.s country of our,,., people tend to look down too mueh, uJ)(m wnz manual work as a Corm of em• have . ployment . Who could i-ina.i;ined that 8u~r at.ates for i~ance would ha., e &Jo advertise ror cane c1Ltter,,., U1at rice millers would have to pay e.'Wrbitant pri<'e<, to keep their mill,, running and t.he City row1cil is terribly

":\fy country is aU visions and doubts and hopes and dreams. It is strength and weakness, despair and joy, and the wild confusions and restless stirrings of a boy who is not yet a man"-Bruce Hutchinson-the The Unknown Count.-:-y.

Since these words were written long before now we have lost our innocence. Over a period of years we had to contend with the aggressive Venezuela, the belligerent Dutch Guiana and the turbulent water of the Atlantic Ocean. But what must Guyana's aim be today ip a world where societies rise and fall, with vast economic depressions and where the great instruments of society are questioned?

Surely it must lie to grow together as a nation dedicated to freedom under the rule of law in which every member of our society may achieve the full intellectual, cultural and economic development. that his abilities will allow.

Free from its colontal rule thrtt years and ten month:,, ago, G1cyana. owes its uniqueOfbS .. to the fact that happens to be the only &1gilSh-speak111, nation on the South American ooutinent. Witll an acreaJ:t> of 83,000 liCIWUe mifei. 'a.ocl a. pQpulaHon or ,.nearly '700,000 poople, Guyana has revelled wider a Cull antl C(Jn· fident internal self-goveriunerr: le. the extent of declaring r!self a.

Republic within the Common• wealth. However such a rimlry did oot ex;st at the <'Onferenco table, "'here month alter month Guyana's n-pre;,entatives cla,,hed witb rival neighbours, O\'er gra.n, frontier is.sue,, .

Venezuchl, our western neighbour, has laid daim to almost two-thinls or our dearlv belo\'ed land, while Dutch Guiaru, (Surina.me) mOl'e demonstrativo than the hostile and aggres,,ive we;,! sent a party to be domiciled on the 6.000 square mile, of land which they claim on our eastern front.

Arter having built an a.lr,.,trip, and a camp (Jaguar it Is n ow called) in whkh were all modem accessories, they were forced to haruJ O\'er their " fortress" 'with all the embarras'Jllent and dishonour !which accompanies !>uch "noble'' gesture O\~ing to the 80Wld precision t irning of tlU'I . elite Guyan.a. Defent'e Forr.e members. It was 3.1:'ainst such trying odds we had had to Mir,·ive.

We have a long way in frying tu establish for ourseh-es both a.

Guyanese nationality and ,t Caribbean force and ~viii simply n~ he def4'rred l>y su<"l1 unJ)ardonable and da..<,tardly outrageous acts. Within its frail , nuclear strU<'luro we can '>till hear the .ny which had 1>4:'amed out from U1>s on fhe night of the 25th May IOr.4\ one pe,11>le, one nation. one tle ... tir1~, . Thu'> our major i;ocial 1iroblems :u·i,;in.i: fr1J1n "u"h an intrfrafe lithyrinfh may be hea.dlirlt'd und4'r ;..ud1 heads as Racism, r,wmJ)loynl('11t, dt'linqu6flc3•, migration an1l the lai......rz. faire-, attitude or this Gu\'ane<,o !oOCiety, ' &Ome

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l\ll"L'fl-RAC'IAL COl\L\JUNlTY The problun of mcism in Guy. ana b a , ery t·omplex one and requires quite a kd.iou!> cour:.e of explanation. Ever since the lmmigration Act of JSH wlu!D .indentured labourers luttl started to come to the \Vest lndies arnJ then Britii-h Guiana. for fhe planting uf ...ugar, Hriti ...h Guiana. had it,,; lntre1>id lndil:enou... 11opulation or tlw ..\merimlian poo1>le Ih;ng in tlw hinterl:mtl area.'> .

Howe,·cr, duririg the days or ,.,hll'· ery African i.lave., were ca11turcd and broui;ht lo Britii-h Guiana lo help in the plantin.i: or the :,ug,tr cane ~rop After Augm,t 1,,t 1884 -4lll1a111•i1111tion Oay-the ,.,1;i,·e<; drmon-,traled their nel"lect to J\,· ork 1>11 the e;..tate-. by ,.,tartini:" as i,mall ,.,c,tle fandown er:,.

1'M;. nl'ce,,.,itated the lmrnil,'r ation Act in n11ich we -.aw, a ma1.s exodtr.;, of the orienll•d pt~•plc from their homeland:, in i,,t•arch of rood and bet·!er lh·ing comlitiom, in the \\'ri,t Jndie;, and H. G . It mean-. lint!

G uiamt wa-. now pea1>lt·d b~ ...Lx different race,, the Indian,.,. :Africans, t:::Uropean.... Amt>rindians, Porfugue"<' :rncl fhe Chine«e. \\'e now had in Guiana a mulU-racial C()fllmtmit,,, 'IYIH~• needs were , aril'd from fhe Ea:,t . Indian's belief in the prophrt.

J\lohammed anti hb 1t•al'11h1t;!> in the Holy Quran, lfl the i,,tauuch belief or the Africans in the thl'ory n1ul profound erfit•icncy or wikh< raft: who',(I cu,-lo m-.. as :i din•cf t'Ofl'-equence of their crPed were numerou-.., a.ncl a <'r0\\'11 .Colony GQ,·ernnr!'nt M''-fem to frame, legi...l,lte and 1•11fnree the Jaw'i of the larnl and flw running <1f the go,·errunent whh-h wa ... or nece.,sity 1>ro-pl:1nt"N .

Tims from earlic,t heginnin~s ,;tii:-mas were a1ta1'11ed to r a ce anti the prevaJling t•omlitinn,;; c,1111,1 he adequatt'lr d~ribetJ by thl' IliuJu

word of Apha.an Jhaat-r~e for race (literally). The<oe conditions could onJy be phased out by a Go,·ernment wblch Wt'u.ld ruJe in the intenst of resiffl'rlt land-owner:,, without any tam.. pering by the Uriti!!h Gove.rnment.

The fiNt step tawarcf.s ~chieving this integrated nationhood wa.s taken with the oomil\f t.o tbe fore, In the mid-t980' s of an Indian denti:,t from lhe countyof llermce, in a. little viJJai:• named Blainuont, - Dr . Cb.edtli . Bhar:lt Jagan .

Dr. Jagan recclvetl a :,ound secondary educa.tion from the leading boys bChool in then Guiana (incident.ally tbjs opnuon i-. ~till hel1! in .hii:f1 est.eem by many) Queen's College lie left affe.r com1ileting his <,et"· on<lary education to d-i deuti...:ry abroad, and returned with a jealou'> mind fhat Briti<,h Guiane-..e are able and capable enough ol runnin~ their <YWn arrain,, . Sooner on later be r e,. ceh·ed another convert for i hi-; . rau....e, in the form of l\fr . Linden Forbes Samp',()11. Burnham, the ~ or a srhoolma'ittr from th11 rounty or Demerara..

Like Dr . J a.ga.n, l\lr . Burnham was educated at Queen ' s College where he won a. Guiana. Government Scholarship in the year 1942 and went. to London {;niversity to 1.tudy a. OOllrSe of Jaw . Thii. ~ . termined effort by these •:two to. usurp the Jlritish stranglehold on their country led to tht> fonn.ation of the People-' ;,, Progre.,sive l'arty.

At an elertion by the ftn.t- past-the-p,i,,t l.l !-tcm, which followt.>tl the People's Progre!,.,ive Party led b)' Dr. Cheddi Jagan, ret'eived a unanimous n:ian,!ate to le.U: ,the tlr!>.t gonrnmeut forward . from, a G-uiane"I! population . . Howevu di..a'>ter was lurkini:- in the b:u·kground for tlle Guiane-,e tmblic wh('.n the Britl~h Go,·ernment acru~ the Govenutl<'nt ~,r fav0tmng t he view,., of the Ea~frrn BL,c etiuntrie.-.. and adherini:- (;) the ooctrlne.-. of ( 'onummi,,m. The ih()Ul,ht of communi~m within fhe party wa.s uot e11tcrtained by aU ll!, . rank and flle members e.spe,rialJy thP Heputy Lea1l1;r. l\fr. t 'orbes Burnham and o!hcr, with him that defected on that sorrow n ote.

Now the Uriti,b (,,i,·ernnwnt fore,,ooing a minor civil di~rdu, were qu.kk to :,end) t ~ to Gu3 ana and h1gloriow,ly !>U.."J)(llll}~ ed the C.'onstitulion. It was at fhb point that the dream;, or Guiane;,e, or an integrated rut.Hou.hood were ,,haltered, and it . was at this point ihat lndo and Afro-G uianc:,e had had to m.1Jie a searching decbion as ro which facfJ ,m to t>led.;:e their :..upport.

There wa,, the Bumha.rnite and the J a.ganite P'. P . P . though under a \'Olllll10n name they shared \'n,,tls dif{erl'ut view,, and since s uch :i situation Is ha.roly likely in any u1un. ry, the Burnhamite fact ior1 'broke off com1lletely t!l rorm tho Pe,,ple's National Congrc,,s. As was lot.at-Oct earlier I he P . r . P . wa" pn1Indo-Guianei,e and the P..N . C. 11ro-Afro liuiane;,e, and ;hi;, friction betwe<'n the two t·ontinued up to the clel'llon... of 19~7 'When once again the PPP made :i clear . ~wee1J of lhe J}Oll'>. HnWe\ier to tlelni info the intric:u·ie!> of !:,UCh a ,-ifuation would be ~t ry unbecoming, arrtl therefore J wr.,uld rather ..,ay, that deeply roo,.ed in the mind,, or Guinne;..e wa.., the <1ut>,ti1on or ract four years la.tu. whrn fhe l'.P.r. a~ain 1.wept the pull-., the Georgelo\m area mO'-tly peo1>IL'd by African-. wa..-. the 1,<·ene of many racial outbor-.ts and riots .

In 1002 after the Hmli;-et had ht>rn pa<,sed the s lreets of Geori:efown r!'flecled a <'arnal('e 11f misery, ,trife a nd utter dc..,tructin11 a, on F t lin iary Hi men looted 'and huml>d-Guiana c,11crit'ncin~ it~ hlackc'-t ol l<~rillayi,, . Thrre wt'r e SL"nrr iloas ;.cra.wlini:-s e,•er~·where, tht' ou t,ifle of rhurchc<, wt>ro defiled 3.!> the then Go,·crnment ;,oU{:ht ,.to

by Wilton O'R. Nedd <lea.I with t ile sabutl'urs and looters. There were i;reat lobs of furniture and ;;cnenil ~tock and ltC even more seriom, consequence tbow.an<ls of dollars in buildin:s went up in flame,, which :,wept

through ·~J1e commet"cial l>CCtion of Water Street. In the Collttwing )ear there was an MHJay strike whid1 crippled all forms of tran:,,poirt tJU'OUghout -:.he coon,. try, also communications were dbrupted as Gufane.e expre:,.,ed their di"J)lea_-.ure O\er a Labour Relation" Bill . In 1064 thl're was the biggcs! ever ch,il dl..order e\'er experienced in tlle annab of this . oow1try . Here I would like ta atld that, though th~ r3.<'ial riots were far-reaehin.g, Ibey we.re not as gra\'e a.., wa"> the tbou.,"1tt of MiCes..ion a... a group of Arut>rindian:.. from Guiana which erupted in two full days of gunpla.y in the Rupunm1i l);-.trict . This up. rising was a very ominow, sign to start the new yea.r 1009, in . which fh·e policemen and twfl Mvilians were killed, and it was a pre.monition of event<> to come; like in this year Guyanc,,e wece t-hockNI at the ira.gic death of Sir na,;d R.o,,,e, Jfr. Aubrey . Barker and a record number ol road eea:bs.

The war in 106-I between the t'W'O major ethnie /..'TOil~ for while !>Ome killed in envy other, kmed in r etaliation. lt was a clima.'\'. of a re,.,tive po1>ufa.tion alwa.~·s beeking the opportunity to nag at the thoui:ht or "wlour" and races. Howernr " how lang bad nah oom'. i:ood i:o dt>h " were the \TI>rd.'i t<lld me by an a..,'"ed Leonora villai:t>r a.<; !-he told or many a ,leeple.,,.-. night<., as bombs and g11n,h11ts raln-Od down on hl'r village.

wa.,

C;AIJ.,()l'S ATTf'illPTS TO UlPlTRE TIIE CAUi In December of the same )car Briti-.h Gu.iane,-e l et a.."ll.in voted for the 1>arty or their choice but t bii. tinw under a i,~,.,tem or Proportional 1-wt>rl'',Clltation. \\lib oo party gai,tin;:- a, rlear majority, the Peot>le' s :Sa,ional Coni:-ress IJl(;rged with the Lnited Force to form a go~ern:ment . By now everything had quietened down and now rt lookoo as though the Guyanese wa,, rea1fy for progre.,,.-., but !>:ill, in my opinion, there is an uneasy calm over the question of a Cully inh'grated community .

Home... which were ,a.eat('() durin.i:the 196! period, are be~ re-occupil'd r.lther :,lowlr, anti !>ome ar~ ,,till he...,ifan~ a!J.ltut roturni.Jll:' . st, ,rr-, arc om·e more h<•ini: bttilt. buildings far more salubriou.-, U1an the m:ue or crooked om•s which were destroyed during the fire. (luite ret·el1tly a cul,uraJ rnolution wa'f hunched hy the A, C'RIA (.-\Jrica S0<·iety for l ' ultural Hehllion-. with Independent Africa), m,wen1~·n t in Guyana, which I 1lare-.ay only i,ou.;rht to upholcl fhe d,l(•trine, of . Alricani"'1l-if there b surh, 'But with a community. whereby t ,·eryone had pledi;-ro ''forward In toi:-rfhernes.<;", benefit fnnn such a <"allou.'i attempt at dindinit the thought,.. of Gu, anl"'C and lilliJ)U· tiani.;e() the idea. or Guyani-..1 ion.

A Cully intri:ratl'tl nationhood ,·an only be achiend if n·e a<; Guran('<.e ca.....t off th:tt ,tlft..h at!itud<' which had perntlNl our mind ... in the J)a... :. ancl dtvelnp in,ten.<J. bmad &houlderi,, to fakt>. e1.r h 0110 o r uq, our ;,ha.re. nf th,. hu:rf' ta..,k ( that or nation l>tlililin; ) a htad ()I us . l\[(''?1? \fJ.' , ,·T~(;f" ·1,

.\r~

APPROACH T-0 ,JOBS The llll<"mplo~ m en~ -.ituation i-., thom:h i:r:w e. e,l)('Ctl'd from an tmdl'rd!'VE'loped n:tfim, who•.e r('<.()lireE',., are , et to ht , ,plolt«J and whose pre',l'nt e,>nnomy is barely able to ,ufti<'A'. In actual

sboc't-:,talfed. What is needed in this Guyane,-e ,,ociety is a mean. ini;fol approach to the listle;,s job opportunitie<,; what is needed is a oumplett'ly revolutionhed way of thinking. Gone are the ~ s when without the era.ck of a. whip mas.'> produ<'tion would not be prn,.,ible, gone are the ~ s when Colonials ~ught. to legislawi Jaws to en;;.ure the succe!>S o( thE'ir <;ugar crop, and \\ith th~ day.,. mu.,;;t go the thoUAht of 1.he acqui,,ition of a, collar-and. tie j,'1> lend.-. eminl'nce to the employco . or a. truth he ";IJ be n':SJMll'trd for wh:i.t he 1,1, but it does nllt mean I hat !"lU the ,mailer man are In a basically di<,ad\·antai:-eou'> po,,ilion tending fo your rife or J:Totmd-1>rovi;;.ion farming . ThE'r<" are roaffo, fo be tru.ilt, the hinterland area to be populated an,! e"plorrd. So U1e11 where is fhat ad\'antae-e . It onJ.v Jl'OC'i to ;,how that ftchnical aJld manual experti"C mll',t ,ro toe-ether. Nlch one dependent UJ)l\n fhe other for it,; mea"ltre of s.uc· ' 't'<;'l .

Now for a IOIOk at some or the many form., or employment . throughout the countr y . ·

PROMOTTO~ OF OlH,RSU-lCATIO~ 01" CROPS Tho economy of tf10 cmmtry is primarily ttJ:Ticultural wifh i.111,- ar and rke a-; th!' main crops . (.;on,iderahlc effort.... arc hcin; mad\' to promote dinn,ification of crop._, htttPr hushandry, in. crca..-1 med,ani.,ation by the pro, bion of impro,·ed marketini: facilities .

Su&;'a r ,·anc is the m"l',f important ai:,ricultural product and ib e.xpm..., toge thr.r with lhl' by protlud" ('\:CCC11 m ~·alue tJie mmhinf'd t~lf al from other crop,, . It i ... c-;tim,tted that a monthly a,·era:t"e of ahout fS.000 people a.rf' ,·m1llorcd l>y this inllu,,try . 'J hi,- labo ur f'lrcc is ma.inl.)· drawn fnlm the e.-.1.ale population and not so much brain as brawn b a ,itaJ n<'CL.,,.~ity to tht't :,uet·c;..S or thb industry.

Ri<'(> i" the s«1md mn.,t important crop and i" e·rown t•hiefly on the ~a,-y clay ,oil, of the t'O.'\.••.al bi-It: a nd is in l!l'llt'ral >\ " " all holder' s crop . ne~pite this there i~ a'I i1ll'rea.-.i11:;- tcndrncy to mechani"I! . Therr are 218 rire mills in thf' country, hrn lari:-e •nill'I the )Jah:i.iconr/ oJ'fratin,z at Ah.try Rici' D1',·c1o1n11ent Sclrnmo and at Anna Rei:lna hy 01e iUce J)e'relopmtnt ('ompan~ . Mark,' t· ini: is m1dtrtaken exclu-.iwh· 1,y . the Rire )farketin:;- noard. n ,1 th parbniled anrl white rice arr prndu,·oo amJ udinrPd to the HoRrd :md it<; main \\"trthon,e i-. in Gffir)!efnwn . A<, could he npPr ted therefore quile a lari:-p lahonr rorce I'! needed In the ,·ultiration, and to t>ti,,urr I h<' ...uccr-.,, of 11,i,; emp . Howen1r. the rire Industry only gain-. momentum twiCt) t<er ;vea.r, but during I ho...e th·e . montJ,., or so, fhou:,,anrls can lw employed.

There arc> other cro(J'I sud1 :~ COf'oa, u,etl locaUr for 1·htl(·uhll' and <'i'ln{ectionerr, c,,co,mt'> ll"'Ld in the ~u1ufacl11.re ot 111:1r:rarilw and '-11.'l.J) nml in thr J)r0tlU1'tion of rd ihle nil antl crude oil, f'Offee . imlu ... try, :u1rl en11 lin-.tock 1·rarini:-......:-!1e potential of thi,., irult•strr i" hnwrvrr ra r from heiltl(' rea 11--etl and the (,"'lyernment l-. makini: Mn,itlr~ahle effort<; to lnrrt>a'-f' it... prmludion to mrl't the ne.ed~ or thi, ra1lidl)· cxp11111lin.ir nation. lt i'i al...n hnp1•tl tha t with the athl'nf of tlw Cnopc·r:111, r Hepnhlic much m<1re "i1:-niflcan1•e :rnd imn•trfa nr e will he atfa.chP.d lo t11r,e ,a.n1a llh0Jder.,' indu.,trie-., aml 'll ..,nmr fim fl in m e Hry near rutt,rt> t'Verv m.'l11 N111ld ta,· d :lim I•> the fiut tha f ht> ha-. lwen in,trum('nlal in makini: thr Cil-norra~h·e Rf'puhlic an econornh-ally inde, pendtnt. one .

01<' GK\ n ; CON.SJ.;Qt;ENCE As was stated earlier, the pop• . ulation of Guyana far exteetls t he half million marlc H,m·c, •·r, about two thou;;.antl ~'l>le lc,H·e . t;uyana annuall)', some lo lal,e Utl permanent residence ahro:111 while others go to further tl1Pir studies . With the opening of the Uui\'er..ity of Guyana, thi:; rate has been considerably red,tced in relation to that during the early ::lixties. The 1>eriotl of the highest migration was in 11101, the y~a.r of the ch;I dlsordns, wht->1 men were fearing for their \ '(•ry . ruture. \\v.h the retun1 of a, :-eenungly tranquil Guyana, the Prime Minister has liumched :, con1e bark home cam1>aign llUllf.d at. encouraging the qualifil'd to return a.nd help build tht>ir nation . The immediate respon-.e "1L" hear!'cning, hut many are st.i.n ta rehr.rn and exercise their met.al in their re;,pectin ~ldi . A 1,'l'a.,·e eon...equcnce of the qt·,,1•fied not wanting to rel u.rn home is the suffering of person ... especially those S<>ekini: mediral at,:.-.n. lion . Of the few doct<irs tha.t return a,mu.:illy, many cxprc..s their desire to he a 1inrt • time . em1>loyce, and aft.-r their 11eriod of public practire indul;;c in pri\'ate pr:u·tice . This ty11c or attitude by our elders only M!L an awful pattern for u<, youthrul Gu~·aucse to follow. It is quite true th:tt in a few c:t..-.es the • lllOl'lfY rollt'clcd from :,,uch induli:-ence~, far rxree1ls the paltry sum offered by the Gon~rnment, but }u-.t thirrll or thf' rwsition in Which we 1•ould find oursch-cs if all doctor;.. were In fhinlt of mone-. tary awards. :\loney is dertnlfely wlt thr l<ey fo ha11pine~-.. instead that k<'y ii, round in a. . Jlea.celul mincl, one which is charactcri'-<'d by cnurtr~y ,md a . ready -.ym1ntlhy for the affair-. or o!hcrs .

.\ sonm

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EUlX'i\'f'IO~

Thnu;:h tldinqucncy is wlde!'l)rcatl, there is :~ :,lie-ht inr re:~,,e <)f the~ in the city area"- ,hue• nilr dt•linquency is quHe a 1>rolJ.. . lem considerini;- the ,·a;.t a.inoturt vf youths, who fhroui:h 0110 rca:,,m or another, roam the city ,-lreel, day and nii:ht . They ham no nwan-.. uf ,-up1u•rl , and for ,,,_,me, to ;..u<·ccc1l in i-fealing would mew1 lo win al Ica...t 11110 haltll' ag:tin~t ,,,a.l'\'alion. A r c,-,earch re,·eal trrnt.: ,lu\'Cnile Uc. linqucncy cim he cuntrollt>d in . one or the man~· way,- . One ,,f the many prohlrm-. that f:11·e, a delim1ucnt i,, that ;,inct· he fin<!'! _him-.t•lf not ahle In ahsorh mur·h of unythini:- at 11uife a youthtu.l ai;e in the 11rimary ,chool-. i,; Coref'll tu Iran and ,,t•elt hi,-, lh cLihood in whalner way 1>0.,.sihle.

The re ... ult.., or ,,ud1 an n1teri>ri-.e . arr predictable. ;\ 1:,-year-old who ha.'- nut cn.loyccl the bencflts of a ,omni '><'<'Ondary Nl\lcafion 1,- nut in :t 1)11i.i•!iun to deride whPre he will " ":rl< hut w!wrr he will he wnrl<r<I. l'nder ,-uch . <'irc1u11stance,.. hr h urnler1>aidou.itc rightly ;,Ince In hr at full 1>ay one m1ht attain the age of . ei~htt.•tn years or n,·er: a.nd u.~ually bring ur an :1rroi:ant naturE' will inrlulgr in other '11ohlc' pursuits to ;,u111>lcment l1is 11ntl1·ri>ayrnent.

T l,is 1•onslitutcs U,e main prol\1crn, fhat or trying to ~a,·p ...11111.., fr 1111 ... nch juvenile . 1loltlrum,; an1I at the ;...'\me time tryin:t" lo curb .,omc ranafics who are rc,iJ,:nr•l to I hr c:mse. A11LI flnn.Uy in lhb i,•111· I 11·ould rn,e to rrconmwn1I thr•t• rcw thought'! wh',·h it is lm11r d. hy an eminrnt r>hiln,;nphl'r. will reduce juvenile dl'.linqurucy .

'I) Tall, 111 IIIP , ·nun;..tcrs . F.,• tll:Liu fhat shn111irtinir, fr,r hr• 1.f:tncr j., a crimr, antl tlrat a criminal rerord i;, n lifelon:: shadow; (:?l Emr>ha..,izr lhur i:orng- alon:: with the 1•rmnl ror frar or hri 11:: 'chickl'n ' i... th<' cowur11•.., w,1,ouf: (:ti \\'hen )'01111::;..1t•r., i:n 1111 ~ro1111 ;,hn1111ini:- P'\'.Jletlilions. k1ww lmw much mn111'r ) ' OU~ child h.,... , wh!'re thr i:rn1111 is J:"flinir, ,,·hat tlwy rxpl'ct tn huy .

(4) H :l child comf's home with mflrt' m t'rcha111li•1' than hf' or -.•,u ha~ rnnnP\' ~" hu~-. a,11 ahout it. a111J 1ln11'f tal<r !'a~,· an~wrrs ahnut wht>rt' it c:u11e from · (!> ) Ro \\'Ill')' i( a 1lan ~hte; g o P'! . ...hnpt>ing with an n, rr~i71' 1mr.. , _ P11r,I', ar(' ran111rite ,lrops lnr ,·1111f'r·tli11e- pilf,·rrcl i:-oml~.

(Ill Outhw all doll11·~ -.wan11i•1i.unlr ..., the pan•nt-.. on both ;,i1l es

e

SEE PAGE 14

__ ______s

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THE QUEEN'S COLLEGE LICTOR -

PAGE 6 February 23rd, the anniver -

the .Bcrbite Slave Rcbcltion of li63. has been de d,a.rcd Guyana's Repnbli,· Day. It is only fitting that t.hc Lietor should rarry the story of the Rebellion in its Republic i~ue. sary of

\

AU the original documents dealing with the Rebellion are i.n the Dutr.h language as Berb ice was a Duteh colony until the end of the 18th century.

Engl:sh-spcaking writers have made but· little use of these original re::ords and have generally relied on J . J . Hartsinck's "Beschryving Van G uyana" and Net.cher's HistorY. This short account is based mainly on these Sl:condary texts.

The Rebellion broke ou t at Plantation Ma!ldalenenburg in the Canje River. This Plantation b~tonged to Madan1 Vernesobre and had 75 slaves. In le;,s Lhan t wo weeks it had '3l)rcad to all the Canje and to the Berbice River. The slaves generally murdered or drove 'O\Jt their masters and aecupied tl}e estates. The only places on the R iver which were left to tile Dutch by the beginning of ?.larch 1763 were Plantation Peereboom, Fort Nassau and Plantation Dagera.ad. Ri!fugees from everywhere cc,ngrcgated

In and

.REBELLION

by Pat Dyal at the~ . points.

The slaves were led by Cofry, a house-slave belonging to Lelienburl(, a plantation owned by !\-1rs. Barkey ' and .A:ccara, also of the same estate. Th~re\\·ere other leaders such as At-ta, Baube, Fort.uyn, Accabre, Goussari and Cosala.

The first formal engagement was an attack on Pln. Peereboom led by Cosala. The Europeans found their position. untenable and tried to evacuate hv a::rreement. The ~~reement b~oke down. Many Dutch were kille<l or t9ken prisoner; others however managed lo escape to Fort NassJu or to the ships in t·he River.

The Rebels now bi!gan to I um their attention to rbe Fort. The civilians and the ,civilian milit:a were unanimous that· the Fort could not be defended and they gave every possible reason to support their contention.

Governor Van Hoogenheirn, was compelled to bow to the pressure,. of the civilians and against his better judgement

ordered Fort Nassau to be evacu-i.tt'd. The guns were sp:ked, sold:ers and ci,1lians were put aboard ihe ri\'er craft and at 5 o'clock in the afternoon on 8th March, the Fort was des1'1:oycd by fire.

Van Hoo'.(en'1eim tr~nsferred his headquarwrs to Dageraad where he declared he would make a stand. He shortly aft-erwards had to abandon this place and had to rcmo,·e his hea.dquareiTS to Posl Sl Andries at the mouth of the River .

In the meantime, the rebels had been consolidating their portion and had been deslToying many of the estate build;ngs.

The rebel head-quarters were ioet· up at Pin. De Ve;rilant.ie where Cofi!y occupied the estate's "great. house."

At the en.a of March the ship "Betsy'' arrived from Surinam with 100 soldiers. &:>me of these were left to guard Post St. Andries, some sent to the Canje and the others, led by Van Hoogenheim reoc.:upied Pln. Dage raad. This plantation was strategically important as it was in

around QC

the illness and consequent absence of its captain Te:ny The s<'f\o)I w~ honou.ttd by in the limetght. Roy ,Best, Ken f,o~wi<;k.

-die ,is't of Archbishop Pantin , Davenport and G~goey Shanks A sma ll Scct..'-On of Queen's B 'sb0p of P ort-of-Spain, w.ho a ll feature in the RetrospcctivP '\\-as noted ~ing to ''pOpe" the \IJIIIOke to the sch ool al a special &xhibition of G uy anese _Arl. '"<'Ulturcd i.et ~ at t.he recital a~<,t>mbl~'. emphasiz'ng the need Thcfr piMll.ttS appear elsewhere given by Miss Hiroko Furusawa; for dilig-ence in scho')hvork. in th.rs ts.sue. she delight.ed hi~r aud' enre with The Arch bishop was well-reThe Patrick DJrgan Debating several songs, a bly a ccompADird cei.ved by the school.

Cup saw both o: our debatirig

by Oul,ad;an pianist Anth'ltt)' We welcomed b,ck to the teams re1TU>\•ed from the contf:>~t Paratoro. The performance to4k fold this term, two masters who by the Telecoms Sports Club place at Q.C. and members of 'have 'been on leave, Messrs Deb,,ting Team, a.l'ter k~n i;cveral oth~r schools witnessed ~as:row and Looke. struggle. The •A' te'lm., unlorthe performance o( the Japanese Q.C:s artists are one'.'e m :ire tunately was handicapped by soprano.

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G:oto the top of the f.o,rm !. .

.

In good-fitting, low-costing school wear from Guyana's most fashion-conscious tailors!

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Governor Va11 Hooi:{cn.lwim had no intention of t·reating with Co!Iv but kept up a correspondenc; with him in order to .l{'lin time for help to come from Holland.

The corrt'S!)Ondencc went on throughout th e month and though a few posts su::h as that at· the 'New W:itcr Works' and at Fredericksburg were attacked. t·he rebels d'd not act in force. This was unfortunate for their cause as in the first week of Mav 1h1·ee ships ( ''St. Eustatiu.c:,1' •'Seven Provin~es'' and "Corentyne ··) arrived bringinl! 156 soldiers to reinforce Governor Van Hoogenhcim. It was onlv then t·h:it the seriouc:ne•s of the s'tuation ·was realisC'd and Coffy and his lieutenants realized that Van Hool(enheim was humouring them.

The rebels therefore decided to take the initiative and deal a death blow to the Dut-ch on . 11th l\1ay. They massed their I tTOOps about 200'1 in number for an attack on Dagcraad. The Dut<-h managed to repulse this attack with few Joc:c;e~. After this repulse, the: rebel am1y was never able to recover it..c;eU. D :.SScnsion and disunity ~an to crePp in and ~oon Coffy's leaclerrhip was challenged.

Atta and his Congo tribe managed to i;tain the uppl'r hand and Cof-f,y was deposed after leading the Rebellion for some fivl.' months. To prevent himself falling into Alta's hands, he shot hlmself. The Cr<'olc and other n on-Copgo ~laves began to be less enthusiastic about the Rebellion and were determined to desert to the Dut't"h whenever opportunity ar&.?.

The Dutlch, too, had their share of disunity in tne same montJ1 for a detachment of their troops numbering over forty deserted to the re b e l s..

'Several of these Dut.chs rendered valuable service to the rebel cause: Mangemeist-er became surgeon to the Rebel army; Lt. Jean Renaud made gun-powder and assisted in tactical ad~ce; Sgt. de Niese trained the rebel army and Warnier repaired and made weapons.

Sickness also raged among the

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}\y 't he end of December. hawever, the Dutch h~ been so well reinforced with ships, supplies and men, that t!ley now looK the inhiative. The only oiher spirited rebel engagement was at Wiki Creek where several Dutch officers Jost their Jives. But th's proved to be a bsL flicker ~ the rebel army began d tserti.n.g or surrendering soon after. Among the deserters were Accara and Goussari who had once been powerful leaders.

These made it their business ~ bring in their erstwhile companions as captives and it was they who captured A1ta. With the capture of Atta, the rebel caUSe was complett>ly lost.

Col. de &live who h.ld come f1·om Holland at the end of 1763 with some 600 men did mostof the remaining moppin.~ up and by the middle of li6i. the Rebellion had been compleil.Ly crushed.

Several rebels including the Dutch deserters were tried and were exN:uted for their part in the Re bellion. Soon. however, af-tkr a few score of people had b<.-en punished, a geaeral amnesty was declared.

Berbice never full) recovered from the effects of the Rebellion and the colony remained a d<'pressed area for a long time.

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REGENT ARD KDfG STREETS.

Dutch and beb•,o::n July and Auirun one in every three of them had died and most of the remainder were weak. l\1uch pressure was brought on Van Ibol?'.enhe'..m to a.Landon Dageraad but he remained steadfast in his resolve t:> hold this place, In the mear,iime, the rebels had beg:in to tres.spass in Amerindian territory when they went fnto the Est-ates' baekland'f and th.is infuriated the warring tribes.

The Carj.bs and 'Akatwaros harassed the rebel$ and they were gladly encoui·agcd by the Duwh who did their utmost to keep on good terms with them. The Dutch found these Amerindian allies invaluable.

For most of September, October and November the fightingwas at a stand-still. No one seemed to be able to make a bid for victory. The Dutch troops died in large numbers from sickness and those Whosurvived were generally too weak for sustained action. The rebel forces on the other hand. became more and morl'! fragmented and in.:apable or concerted act.ion. Scouting- and spying on the moveme,.ts by the contending forces was the main preoccupation of both armi~ during t·his period.

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the heart of the rebel country. !n the first 1,eck o { April, 1'763, C:nfy sent. Governor Van HoogenheL,n a letter in which he offered t.o part-:t:on the colony, the coast and lower_ reaches o.' the R iver to be left to the D-..itch while the up~r parts to the slaves. He also said he and his pe-:>ple will continue to f:ght if his i'Crms wcrr. not a:treed to .

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FROM TERiYLENE & 01llER

MARCH 1970

REPUBL1C ISSUE

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IN ol

r TRE QUEEN'S COLLEGE LlCTOR -

MARCH 1970

CHRISTIAN SOCIAL PRINCIPLES, Ooo o[ the m<>!>l pOpu l!lr fal]2,;,e.'-e,, al»ut ihe Christian fa.th

is th.at it js one of don'ts', in fact it is the .exact opposite, the Chri<;fan is not one who bas a negative approach to rre. true chrhtianity is ~ :tive and f0rwa.rd m oving. As some have «q)l'~wd it, the dedicawd -christlan believes Y-)U take care -of the 'do'<,' and the 'dont's' will -take care o( themselves l t is only when one has t4calised th21! christianity in its rea l -sen.<;e •., active and not passive, IIOSifh-e a nd not negative will anyone ,begin to understand what ehristian social princq,les

are.

L et

t:i.ke a look at alcohoIn themselves these are not harmful to the so<i1ety for there are many people who only drink a Iii tie with no ha1m done; however, when we look at it from the other side we see that it c.in be one of society's most harmful enemy's. Can anyone who is out to change the world ::sanction. by partaking, one of -the most destructive tool"-? Just one took at broken home;, latherless children, road accident.; caused by alcohol and ~veryone will be able to .;;t>E• why christians have taken their stand agaill.!"t it- Onlv remember the drunk who went tossjng on hls way, or strugg-lin~ to lift him.,,elf off the drain :.nd think again.

Smokjng is to many people a cn.tch. many times it indicates an inabili'ty to stand on one's two feet, an inability to face up to life and its problem~.

Tt ha3 been said 'Boys start ,smoking to prove that they are men, a nd men try to stop to pr:ove the same trungs. Some thing that most smokers may not realise is that others who do not ap1:reciate tobacco smoke are forced to inhale it, the Christian's life is centred on love for God and for fellow :men - can a chr:.Sti.;,n then be so cons derate? u.:;

.tk be\-eragcs.

---

Black • beautiful

I

S h r id a t l1 su,·endranautl Runphal was born on the 3rd October l.<128, in New Amsterdffll. He obtained his general education at the Modern Technical Institute 19i9-1942, the Berbice High School 1942-,1914, and finally at Queen's College.

Ramphal entered the Sixth Form in September 1944 as an Arts student. He w~s appointed a school prekct in 194.5. rn .Tune, 1946 he obtained passes at the London Higher School Certi!icate in L:1tin, En~lish and Modem H:story. In 19-!7 he obtained a pass in Economics anrl qualiiied for exemption from Intermediate B-A. (London) and Intermtdiate B.Sc. (Economics): Mr. Ramphal also took part in extr acurricular activities.

He was Editor of the School MMt:izine for the year 191.6-1947. H e h3d joined the Cadet Coros in January 194!i. iMr. Ramphal left Briti~h Guiana in 1947 to study law.

He was a member of Gray's Inn from 1947-1952. fn 1948 he ohtained his Inter L.L.B. (Lon-

In Ws year's budget there has been increased the tax on betting shops, this is obviously a move on the part of the Govt. to lessen the outflow of money through tht>se channels To a chri~tian all that he has is on a trust Crom God, and therefore, he. like a 1to0<I steward will have to render an acCount to his Lord as to how and why he spent hL, master's treasure. What is surpr"sin~ to me is th,it pecple will bet large !'urns of money, Rnrl lose uncomplaimngly while at the same timr they are crying out against taxat:on, saying that the cost of living wa9 r's ing. this reminds me of the fady who after buying a pair of shoes, a bottle o.i' brandy :mu some cosmetics Jooked at hPr bill and commented on the ri.;ing cost of foodstulls.

Few would d:sall!ree with nw when r say that the world today is obsessed wHh sex, undoubtedly it is about the most talked a-bout 1opic in our age.

There is nothing wrong with sex, .it is one of the gilts from -God which can e ither be used -or abused, it is something intended for use within the 1bound:s of marriage, a.; scripture :;;ays, "For th"s caw,-e 1iha!L...-. m..an leave father .'lnd mother and cleave to his wife."

The reason being that by this a ct tvi.· o separate persons al"e u mted. '·Wherefore they ar,) no more twain, but one flesh."" 'l'his is one of t he points O!l w hich the bible speaks clearly, there is no qu1:stion as to what ~e christian should do.

Dancin~ is one of the most contl'Oversi.al questions, somr people .;ay that it is a form oc exerc;..e n,~ry good for relievin~ n ervoU.5 tension. How!!'Ver. it is one ot U,e habits which tend to fall off when the rr.&xim discussed in· the first paragraph. namely you take care of the d o's and the don'ts will tak" care of themselves, is appl" ed to a ch.rtstian's life. The atIS mosphere !n which most dancing is done de.es hO'Never tend to build up t:rnotions to a pitch a t which. it 1s hard t,, r..mitrol.

One ot the things which is Black is beautifu l constantly linked with danC.:n~ My mama told me M>· is cine:rna-ge,ing. In my opinion W hite pig sa.id "that '• aJl rigb.t • they are not on the same plan e, If you stay d own beio,w ' movies are, to my mind, equiBlack is beaut iful valent 'N. t.1-i books, good movies took us long to realise open the mi1ta. rrom them 0,10 SBuutrenow that w e have done AO can learn a great deal about Th at Wh 'I t ey 'd b e t t er b e 1·,eve the world in which we live ard 1 b. ,s eyes. l ow el.a..; movies like porn~raphy can md will have adverse Move on monky, eNecb on the morals 0£ or we' ll move all ov~r you. , ANON. our s o cie ty.

Unfort1.v

7

FAMOUS OLD BOYS

nately the films which arc being brought into our country are among the worst, poor act:ng and the rest. Thi! good films are apparently not bt'Ought 01· when the odd one does manage to sneak in, it is kep! quiet and no one hears about it. ,Judging from the average day's advert~ement all the cinem:i has to offer is violenc-e of the worst sort, sexual perversion at its lowest level and horror which in no way aids the development of the mind.

Ni has been said 'From the ces.,:- pit to the screen.'

Most christ:ans prefer music which has a meaning, this ii: t he reason why hymns were written in the first place. Most pou songs tcday have no me,nin~ or harp on that a_,-:cold theme of boy meet g,rl on -· ·-· -··- .... Only a dishonest person will not admit however that some of them do h'>ve a capti\.-,lling rhythm a•1,{ make for good listening: however most of them were not intended for clOse listening and not for casual listening. A typical ezample o! this is the song '·Cycles" by Frank Sinat.ra, it says 'There fsn't much that I have learned ior all my fo olish years', T pi_~ him. at le9st T learnerl there is a God in heaven who cared enou!!h for me to send his ~n to d ie for me. OI course. everyone should re1li.<;e that c!lurrh mu<;ic will char..ge, the 1st century psalm s are virtua!ly forgotlen. as .i m ailer of fact many of t.ochy's hymn.~ which were written :s the l"sl century ar~ sung to what wf're the popular melod:es of that age_ There is in our n'ltion a general wave o1 dishonesty and a great deal of it is to be found among the young people of our land, Indeed iI the adults realised t,c,w grave the situation is, they would sit up. Where is our na•ion going? if .i.t is going in the direct way where most of its youth are then there 1s little hope for tomorrow. Our nation cannot progress unless there is a revolution {'Ol" justice and honesty, Thus is the c hristians' aim to cluinge our nation by changing 1ls· nutivts.

PA GE

REPUBLIC ISSUE

trurty and forty who na,-e alr eady demonstrated unusual ability! Mr. Ramphal went to Harvard Law School for his Scholarship. Mr. Ramphal was an Honorary Lecturer at the U ruversity of the West Indies from 1963-1965.

Since hls graduation from Law School, Mr. Ramphal has h eld many appointments, such as Crown Counsel, Assistant to the Attorney- General, Legal Solicitor-General D raftsman, with the British Guiana Government , Legal D raftsman and .Assistant Attorney General 1with the F ederal Government ol the West Indies and Legal Adviser to the Interim Comwssioner for the West Indies.

T hroughout this time Mr- Ramp h al has m ade many contribut ions to journals and magazines,

~tR'. S. S. RAI\lPHAL don).

He was a studem at King's College and the Institute o,' Advanced Legal Studies, London Umversity from 1948lg:;2. In 19.50 he obtained his Bachelor of Law Degree with Second Class Honours, Upper Division, and in 1952 his Master's. He also became an Associatc of King's C.Ollege (A.K.C.) in 1952.

Mr. Ramphal served a Colonial Legal Probationership from 1951-1953 - which is an award m ade by the U. K. Government ~nalbling him to obtain two years experience at the English B ar. During this p~riod. also, h e was at the Institute ot Commonwealth Studies, London Umversity.

Tn 1912 he w ;,,s awarded the Arden and Arkin Prize 1by Gray's Inn. In 1962 Mr- Ramphal obtained a fellowship from the J ohn Simon Guf!genheim Memorial Foundation.

This is a scholarship for twelvP m onths and is awarded to men and women between the ages of

~ en tly, he- has been appointed Attorney General and M inio;ter oi· State of Guyana and in this capacity has earned great respect in the peace forwns of the world. Sir Shrid ath was conferred a K.C.M.G.

by Queen Elizabeth II in her New Year's Honours list (1971}) ibut he modestly and in true .national spirit prefers to be -called 'The Hon\)urable.'

- - - - -- - - ----

TO

THE PRESEN1.'

DAY STUDENT

Mv near Studenl-s, After some conversation with the :Editor of your paper, I undertook to address a letter to you as an Old Boy of Queen's at a time of some moment and excitement in the hist-ory of our country, when we pray that our people will be inspirerl to dedicat-e themcelves to the interests of 011r country to the utmost of their capacity and stTive unrelentin~ly for its development generallv and spe.::ially for that of il-s natural resources.

As you know, a decision was taken by ParliamenL in accordance with provisions under the Constitution t·hat Guyana should become a Hepublic trom the 23rd of F ebruary, 1970. Th is alteration, however, will not in ariy way affoct· the character of the St3te as a democratic society foundt-.d upon the rule oi· law, but will merely serve to introduce a new titular Head of State in the form of a President, who will be elect-ed by Parliament in the manner: set out under the Coru."titution and supersede the Governor-General who owed his appointment to Her Maj~ty The Queen and was her llepresentative.

Thls is to represt-r,t no more than a change in the symboli.: Head of State as the way of parliamentary government accepted. under the constitutional

IN LOVE So, you're in love, are you?

WeH, here'• a tett that'• tried ' and true

. Which tell• beyond all doultt,.

What true love r-lly it about, Love i , not "me", but " Thee" 1It's n o t pou euiv e nor llnxioua to be impr e u ive.

Lo ve ia con, tructive a nd never d e&truc tiYe It's n ot touchy, nor faila when there's no money Love comp-iletb not statjstics of evil Nor g lo ats over the wkkedaeu o f other people Love', truth never bears a tale Nor doea it& patienc e ever fail.

It' s hope aeeks the best, It's trust b as no rest, No, love n eve r dies, nc. r d oe• it

fa il. f

, ·n ·1 orev er ~ 1 . prevaa · So, are yo u stall .1n love?

Or hav e you fa iled th e abo"Nt?

IB

ut

test

W e ll, now '• no time to d espair

repair! l So up , aR.ndM.start KELI.MAN.

monarch, will remain t•he same; and there will be no impairment, encroachment, or interference with the rrghts orlibert-ies of the subject under the Constitution or any other law: and whatever protection is now offered by the law will remaiu undistw·bed.

Tnstances abound in lile which demonst,·ate that from small changes, as from small beginnings. noble achievements and substantial results can be wrought. But first, the nation and particularly its youth must be aware of that fervour and burning desire to subscribe its eff\)rts, whether jointly ot· independently, for the general good of the country. Then it: will be Iound that activitv will take the place of slothf~lness, enthusiasm that of complacency, and accomplishment that of unproduc1'ivity. In any such upsurge wruch may occur there must be a readiness to take full advantage of opportunities wruch may be made ava1lable for co-operative efforts in industries and undertakings which will be of ,benefit to all.

Soon your turn will come to participat,e in the l,uilwng of your nation. When that time comes, you will have to draw from the basic "truths" inculcated in you in your great school, and from lessons. learnt in your sporting activities on playing fields. In the result your undeviating respect for truth and sense of £airplay v.-ill be inval uable aids in the great task to which you will be committed.

I feel sure that I can rely o!l each and every one of you to pl.ay hls full part as a true and loyal citizen of our beloved country. tn doing so remember the words of Ruskin· ''Every right aouion and true 1hought sets the seal of its beauty on person and face.

E'very wrong action and foul thought sets the seal o{ distort.ion."

Never falter in your re,"Crence for 'the faith in whlch you believe; never tire in your quest for truth; and always be ready to demonstrate your love for humanity.

1

SIR, LIONEL Sir Lionel Luokhoo is another of the eminent Guyane.,e personalities who received their education at Queen's. He was here in the late 1$eO's and the early thirties. ln public liie has been Mayor of Georl:(etown in 195-'1, 1954, 1960 and 1001 and was a member of the Town Council for more than a decade.

In the Tnterim Governmen t (1955-1957) he w2s on the Ex'?cutive Council as Minister without P ortfolio. He has also been president of five Trade Union Organisations. apart from holding nun,erous posts in other !'ocial, cultural and sporting organisations.

ne

The crowning point of hir, career so far hus teen his appointment as a Knight Commander o.f the British Em.-oire and as Guyana's first Commissioner to the Umted Kingdom where he has su.cc<'~sfuUy championed the cause of Guyana. l\l'R, FRA..'-'"K DE"SBOW

Mr. Frank Denbow attended Queen's C.Ollege from 19261931 at a time when the school w as still sjtuated in Brickdam on the site of our new independence arch.

BeforP com ing to Queen's Mr. Denbow sought h is primary school education at St. Andrew's Church of Scotland primary school. Then in 1926 he !'tarted his Secondary education at Q.C. Soon, at the tender age of fourteen. Mr. Denbow had already found himsell in the College's football first eleven and at fifteen. he proudly wore the school's colours for outstandin~ 'performance in that ~rune, By 't his t'me too he was also in the cricket eleven. One year later, Mr. Denbow was repr~enting the colony on the footbgll field )which was quite an achievement and still is, for any boy of sixteen .

M r. Denbow left Queen 's tc> jo in the T & H .D . as a storps -cl.erk soon risin~ to Denutv Chief stores-ke<per. He retired from that department in 1964 and became a member of the Public Service Comm~sion in l ~- In M<1rch of th:!< year on ibe exGood luck to }'OU all in the • piration o• Mr. t. O. Smith's term of offiee. Mr. Denbow was Republic of Guyana, 11i:nointed Chairman of the Yours Sincere.J.y.

Commission.

ED\VAfID LUC.KHOO, Tn public life Mr Denhow Governor-General ,.,t,) was th.. Son;or Vire-?rP•ident Guyana House, of the Transport Workers' Umon Georgetown, and a trustee of the Trade· Guyana.

Union Council.

THE QUEEN'S COLLEGE LICTOR -

PAGE 8

REPUBLIC ISSUE '· MARCH 1970

PAGE <1,

An interview with A. P. Vanief A giant of the old order. Abraham Vanier, the oldest old bo y of Queen's College aliYe, and one of the most disting·u ished also. On this occasion of the declaration of the Republic of Guyana we take the opportunity to present to our readers, the present 'paterfamilias· of a school which mol"e than all others, has enshrined its name in the history of Guyana and which has produced the leaders who have Jed us to our destination - Freedom .

One might pass h im en rou:e the Courts where, in his '8?nd year of age he still prac t:S"es, ,a nd not reali£.e that on•? h as p1ssed such a singular c'.1aracter. W.e had th e ho nour of meeting h im' one day at his h '.lme in the wes tern extremity of Norton Streit. He was in an armchair browsing through a d ;;ily paper when we enter~d, and from the f:rst moment we w e re aware of his sincerity, 'hon1esty and a ·certa' n down-toe srth manner about him which revealed a great love of ,the truth. He is of average he' ght, '!etocky of ,build. and behind h's thick glasses o-c!e could see that j '.here was a man of .considerable . · ability. b

Abraham was born in 18%7, 44 years after the birth or Queen's College, and after bavine: be·en privately tutored by !Mr. Shad,rack Grant, a m cnister of the Church of Engl and . eLtered Q.C. in 1898, with a S cholarship for four yell,rs free tu ition, " I can well rememlber ··, h ~ said , "t-h e day it was an n ounced that I had won a E-::holarship. Mr. F, G. Rose, 'the grandfather of our late GCNernor General was then fn'spector or schools and as I was playing in ·my yard, he entered, con gratulated rile, and gave me one h alf crown. With that S cholarship I entered Queen's a nd what gteat days those were:

I was t:he Capta:n of the 1st eleven of both cricket and foot,. ball and I was the first to open up the MacDonald Charity Cup Tou.rm.ment. While in th.: fourth form, [ won the Mitchell Scholarsh:.p for anoth~r four years free tuition. At that time Q ueen's College was situated wh ere B:sho1>3' is now, and a ,ten,,ards ic moved to Brick ~ dam. •· Abraham claimed tha'i: even now he can remember , many of the maste,·s. ;:;nd proceeded to mention ~uch na.-nes · as Jefla Frrank, the Classkal .master h-om Oxford and Cam1bridge. Mr. Thorne, the French ·m 3ster, Mr. John Hunt who 'l ater m'oved to Barb.,dos an d ,T. A· Patbury who was Headm aster then. · He then told us of h is brot her the 1909-Guyana sc~lar. H . E. P. V anier, ,and revealed .that he himself had n arrowly niisserl th.e G L1 yam1 Scholarship the yea1c before. Although he had ' had the hi!(hest marks in the exam, it w us !'lot up to Scholarsh ip standard. His brother w ss the first Guyanese to speciali ze in Scienc-'e. for before that all 's ubjects were compulsory. He gained .;lmost all o.f the Jaure ls 'J ,y obtaining the Gov,ernment County Scholarship for e ntry into Q.C., the -M:tchell Scholar ship, the P ercival Scholarship and, of co urse, the G uyana Schohrship.

He left Q ueen's in Decem -

ber 1005 to begin what we may call the sec<>nd great stag\~ of his lil'e, i,js calLng - Law. He studied Articles of Clarkship in London under WilliamCameron and e,'iarles S hepherd and after .five years, in 1911, h 1e qualified as a barrister. He was admitted to the Bar by Sir H enry Bovell. th'e Chief .Tustice of Barbados at that time.

Now, also the oldest la<W"yer in ,p ractice with 59 years service, he h-s practised at every Oourt in th'e Country, before every Judge, and every Chief JU.S tice! In 194,3 he was given the Commission to Oaths to Affidavits and S ta tutory Dedicat:ons 1by Governor Sir Gordon Lethem. Later, Sir Alfred Savage gave him the commission to practise as a Public Notary.

T'n en in 19.63 Si r Ralph Grey, then Governor, made him a Justice of the Peace for the <who!e of Guyana. But now. )1e doesn't move around as fr'eely and. does mainly office work and adivL~s about 24 barristers.

He has lived. and stoutly c ontinues to live, a full life .. Widel y- travelled, he r'evealecl that he has been to Ne w York by air five t 'mes and that the s ig ht of Montreal and New York b y a lr at night is totally unforgettable .. He has been thrice to Panmur:ibo and Nickerie and once to c ~ye nne. French G uiana. Lately he visited Expo 67 and . abod£d a± the YMCA there and th~ George Williams Univernity. The lat e Governor G enera l of Canada General ,Vanier is a cousin of his and so he has free entry into that country. He was also pres'ent at his funeral in Quebec, An active

meml,er

J'f

TORGINOL

the

Queen's

"Over the years, Queen's College has remained the same and has produced the same qualtty or person as it did in :my time.

What it will be, and will produce in the future d epends upon you, its present students."

CON'S ULTA1'ION

AN INTERVtlEW WITH

It was a veQ· sunny da.r wh en Paul left Gt1J'ana to fly out to England. Paul Jones, a tsll boy of 18, with dark hair, blue ~.res, a long thin nose and a !ibOl!t thick lip, was going to his iU father in England. Paul Jones, the S-On of Mr. Henry Jones, the Guyanese financier, was well-known as a, lazy boy who just spent his money foolishly. His mother l\lrs. 'Mary Jones had died some. years ago a.nil bls father, who •had gone ~o l',ugland to re11reseot · bis firm at 8J1 international C'OU· ferenre, was now ill from some very rare m;alady . . He had \ni'lten I@ his son telling him of his bait -t:ondition and asking him to fly out, bec·ause he ,had something to give him. f".au!, tbinliing l1is father mea.u't morney, was a bit taken aback for his fathrr always said that he was not going to gh'e l'aul a 11enny out of his moiie~·, but. was ;:oing to leave -the inheritance to •his rousin SteJlben Gordon, altl1ough he soon found out that Stephen u'll;S a \\·ort.hJess layabout who had recclved a 4-monl>.h sentence for rohli~r y.

Paul was nr,w in Engla·nd.

He (",rngli t a l:ixi a nrl tlrove out to his father's home in Kensington. Afler he had paid the taxi, PtlUI ran np t he few steps, rang the bell, and waitP.d patiently for th e iloor to open.

It WIH Of*neil almr,s t irnmr,di ntd.v b.v the hutler.

starts you off

with BIG SA T'INGS

"('.,ome th i.~ w a y, please," and he lf'<l ·1oilri llp some steps.

At the top I Lue was a l<,ng pa,,age. ''At thp e111J of tblsc passagfl you w ill n,:·tl v rrm· father's room. 'l'lt.e 1·001~ tA.'>fo1·e it 1s

thr paint thaf gives profC'ssional looking r csu l f,: eYrrytime. S prf'ads like ma~ c.

LPa 1·e1-, no brtrnh marks. Dries satin smo~th. ·whites stay wh ite . .. .and colours bright.

It wol'l;:s wonders with le;;;;;; work and a lot

yours slnc·e

have you r Can,.... .,,, live".

less m o ne,I'.

Mystery "Tbaaks''.

to the next t·oom hf! w&nderro: wlia t b is father would be like.

His heart ruis.,;l'U a .beat as he opmecl tbe donr. Ins ide he saw a half dead mun lying oil a l)f.<l at the far side uf the room.

' 'Good

n ftern0&n

J ou arc to mr::ls w ith your '•<i t.:i- r:,,t loll? to

ctnu, ancl

h•, w at·e you toa·n y ?" .

"\Vorse. Uooc: arcernoon i;;on, come in", ca me the flllnt - voic-e from his fathe r. Paul went OYer a u<l sat on the s·i de of hi,; father's bed.. '.!.'here was silern::e for a wJiile, whi c·b was at last brvken b,· his fath er.

"Pa ul you know l am about to die, and ha ,e sen t for y ou.

1- l s-seut - for -you 'm.>t:au.se 1-1 • - • - " A t this point his voi<:e falleJ away. Tl1t•Jl slowly h 1e went on "l -l " ·-w1111ted to t i:!J ~·ou that I ltani !mt sometlti11g for .vou l:',rnl, l>ut you mus t work harcl for it. lf you find it without ll a1·{l wo1·k, please l'aul, please WOl'I~ hard afterwards. I have llicl<len my wilt but r wil l ;;ive ~·ou. this piPr·e of pape1· which when you solye its conteH ts will le.ad you to the will. n:do-noHeti - it g- ge t H 1,to b,1d h-aucls o-or y-y-you .. •... " His Yoic-e

A week aftPr J,i~ ' fath er' s deuth hatl touutl l'aul ;;•:tti·ug by a wintl<>w with the piece of papet· which l1i!,! fa.ti ler had given him. It lute! been the fl t·st time he hud toolwtl nt th'e' paper, and he got snrh a surprise that he r ad it ::umin nncl again, f ,n· tJJe JH~ f'' r siid: '·nelow ·11.1t 7th ,;tep o f

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•

MR. A. P . .....VANIER

of . the · !Qly ) ' He

you -wi ll fiucl

will". had

shown

s m·pt·ise

when he first read it, because

hi.$ fathe r hncln 't evea u store . mu<:h le;;s seven. lt wus uow a ut a mou th oil1ce . Paul ha,(! . hst ooen his fatlier and h e wa.s still trying to fio([ tbe h idden will. He had alti•l hea rd that his cousin Stephen Gor· doq. w':is out of priso-n and m a.king plans to rob him c;f his inherl tauce.

One day a:; Pam was sitting . at home by llis bedroom wit,• dow thiukiu g very hard antl .saying the words "Below tt,e 7th step of my 7th s tore you wilt find my will" JJe s utlllenly realised what his fatl1er m.,ant. Oh yes, h ow coultt he h a.ve bee11 such a fcol ! J umpi1lg tlP he ran t101rnsrnirs shooting, "It must t e, it mus t be". But if Paul ouly ha t! eyes in tt,e back of h is iwa<l he w outcMiave seen that cousiu oe h is climb ing throu;:h the wia~v nnd 1urw s hadilw ing him. Paul dashed \nto f<he kitchen. No cne was thPre for the <.'OOk 'luid taken the \\'t"ek-'f'.11d off. I n the kitcllf'n P,rnl lteaLied for the :,even cup!,oll r <l~ ll'l 1p re hi father used to k,•Pp food.

Reaching thP seYen tll cupbvn l' d or sto1·e room, a s hh father called it, lie w en t ioside. Be· ing th<:> lal'gest of tl,e cupboards the seYenth ouP lrnt1 in it a fl ight of stPJlS 1':atlin g to t he ce-lla r.

Paul clescen<led thP~, his beart L,•atin,<r as h e wo11d.ered ~Ylrnt he would And. ( He did not si!e 8t~phi,n a t th e top of the stPps wnlki11;.: likP

a cat hc:Lcling

" lf you cnn stop me, do so.

Ha, ba, ha." Pn ul oulled tlle, trigger. A bullet flew pass Stei,hen's ear nnd b e stood still.

"Ma rk, Tom,

ra u~

P eter." Paul's

and a few minutes la tc1· tllr('<: tough looking men appea1·ed: "Hold tbnt man." shouted .Paul pointing his gun at Stephen. '·Wh ile I go and get the police". Paul then telephoned the police who arrestoo Stephen. '.!.'bus did Pa ul get hi;; fntl,er';; will whieh left him ever~'thing.

Y(tiee

Ollt

NIGE L B. A. CA.LEH. Form IA.

The change in que:oeon i.s one on a ,:onsiderably sm aller scale the contemplated cha11ge from Queen's College to President's College. It was Solomon, the sage, who wrote, "Every purpose is established by good counsel.. and Abraham Lincoln said "Government of the people, by the people, for the people. " One cannot· be sure if one has heard such a statement from the ruling party or the Opposition, but I think this has been the most 'po:liticked' slogan in the history of political parties. It's hard to miss the implications of the two statemenl-s . above It's " Consultation with those concerned". Anything but this would make an action d ictatorial, and even if we shall have a dictatorship ( which I do not fear we shall) let this be the last democratic stroke. Let Queen's College remain Queen's

by Lennox Ewart Moses College, Witth this wish if w ith nothing else the whole school agrees and the comment h eard from certain prominent• members of the community was, ''I will alway~ be an old boy of Queen's College."

CUT OUR NOSE, ·-

TO

SPlTE OUR FACE "Ah no nsense", -some will say, "if we · wan t to change over to Republicanism we must change everything which has evEn foe slightest smatter of Q,lonialism.'• B ut if we inte nrl to go that· far, I suggest that the African d ispense with, for example, trousers, and canter around wit-h a revealing loin-cloth hangi ng uncertainly from a piece of dried vine with his woman naked but for a human bone st uck in her hair. To th= Indian, a flimsy 'dhoti' and turban wit·h his wife walking barefooted on a steaming hot asphalt road at m idday. We can go to fan tastic extremes if we have a blinding obsession with Anti-Colonialism.

In our stampede £or Republicanism let us not trample ou1· happiness and everything meaningful to us .

NOT ''MOUTHWOETHY" "Are we going to {ook like a colonial relic." This is what some fear, but there's no need for fear there. For what is wrong in appearing a relic, provided that y ou are the most gifted, most diligent of all on exhibition. Queen's -C<>llege has proved over one hundred and twenty -five years that she has all of t·hese qualities and that,

um, ln do,,n the .;;tpps unti l he wa,: :1 t the

hi;;

hands.)

a

Store

Seventh

m y 7th ,c:tore

Paul lmtl put c,n a new suit a,; he was aoout to go a o{l see llis fatltee. As be cr~tised over

fa·,!",i awBy (LL('~ u~nir,; but · ttJi;; time he was uead.

"Are you Paul .Tn1:el"'i" "Yes", anHwered P1111I.

\\"hen yon pa .in t with Torginol you ;.milE> . . . ht>r-.111,-r ron e;tm·t with a !Jig saving a 11<1 C'llc1 w-it 11 :1 per feet finish. Torgi no [, p1·(,d nc-!'s :l pai 11t fo 1· eYl:'r_v pn rpose. It's

My contention is not with t,he propagators of wise, consultative and necessary changes for the Republic, but on the cont·rary it is with those who "change for the sake of change." For indeed, it would seem absurd for me to voice an opinion like a colonial diehard at ibis time. We o ught to exped changes in this shifting ,vorld, some ,vise, some d'o olish, and one must agree that even in a constih1tional changeover, for example to Republicanism. a large m ajority of the House has to nod its assen t. And, either party is satisfied by the knowledge t.hat, at least, they have the right to their own convict·ions and to exprEss approval or disapproval as the case may be.

Georgetown Y.M .C.A., and a <F'ree Mason, Abraham is a man '"of u,prigll,tness, princiiPle and law. Ke thinks politics is a dirty ga.'lle of tricks· and has nev.er meddled with it. We asked him if he would like to specially mention any of his schoolmates. He said "They're all dead, I don't know why they die, I've never asked them." To the present students, the "pa.:er£amilias" Queen's College counsels:-

President's

1!1111

Paul

WI-Ht

seven th going onto the Pighth .

R1.' tum('(! nroun1l so as to face t he seven tll, 11ncl, in rloi ng; so, he chanced to look up 11nil Se<> S·tenlwn gun in hand pointing at him.

HOUSEWIVES • are using ...

"Tllank yo u Pan!; T alwn:,s k new yotL we re a good «>usin.

J ost come up the steps l1aml!< h).g!i, or else! !" Paul was un armed, a ncl so, I)()WPrlt>~.~ to do any.thi n~. h e ca.me ur, the stel),,l one b., one. As lw was passing ... S tephen on the top step Ile swung 1·onnd, so k1101·k ing the l!Wl out of StP])hPn's h and. T he gun fl ew do,n1. stairs and Paul fle\\· :iftn it ta.k ing the stew two n t a time. Stephen run [lftpr him hut stopped Ill' tlH! 8th step n~ he ha<'! seen Pnut <lo nnd i:ftartf\d to lift up the 7th. l'anl n1>w had Stephen's iru'n: Lor.king up tl1e step!< h e saw t hat S tephen liad the will an<l ~omP other things hi ;; father hail le-ft for him. Tn Stephen's poc-kPt too hi> <'011M R<'e. a baz of !<ilve1•. Pan! :Oolnted the gun at

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other schools would b-e hard put to surpass her. And why a colonial relic? Because of the word 'Queen'. It could have been Boy's College or King's College, or Senior College, and it just means. a spedal college, a top college, a most honourable college , I am sure that a great number of st-udents (and th at includes myself) are not sure to which Queen it owes its name. The thing is, Queen's College is "mouthworthy" and Pre-shdent's College is not.

DON'T LET'S CURSE THE BRIDGE Of cours.e one can argue that Guyana wan ts ·to be liberated! completely from its former v iolent ma.ters, Britain. B ur it is Britain upon which we depend for defence and which p ledged her loyalty to Guyana lately by promising to defend her with the same violence with which she attacked · our ancestors.

Then, along with the unneces• sary changes in the emblem would come a change of the school song and a removal of the Latin which no one can doubt, has inspired so many to great h eights. Those past col• onisers, the monarchs of England u se a foreign language, in the passing of a law, and -why?

To inspire and indicate the gravity and significance of a pledge. History will tell us that the Dutch were far more cruel than the Englii,h colonisers and even now some l ive in .,Perpetual fear of Dute!). people

e

SEE PAGE 11.0

< '

THE QUEEN'S COLLEGE LICTOR -

PAGE 10

REPUBLIC ISSUE

MARCH 1970

THE FILM BOARD OF CENSORS BE MORE TOLERANT SH OULD ..

The Boal"d of Film Censors in Guyana .bas been instrumental in the banning o( a number of films that the J.oca! patrons had been eagerly awaiting and, needless to say, much to their chagrin.

The general view on this matter is that the Censors should ;be more tolerant, not only !because we are living in a pennissive age, but because much may be gained from these de-.barred films. Now, from the .p oint of view of the Film Censors, the morally defencel ess patrons would obtain a greater appreciation of cruelty, sadism, sex and unrighteousness as usually depicted in these films and thus these undesirnble films should be removed from the cinema screen for fear of piorally entertained patrons infecting the fabric of righteous GuYanese society.

On this point they are part ly correct as a stgnificant number, if not all, the local toughs .frequent the cinema, and, judging rb y the conversation and activities of ,many, one may ,c onclude that tbey have b een adversely influenced especially by the hard and fast action of the I)jan~o-type westerns; and,

these elements do prey on Guyanese .roCiety. Also, one may s:iy that the young people in general, who visit the cinema quite frequently, are inJuenced by the new-fangled films they view as evidenced by the adoption of foreign fashions and mannerisms seen in the films, for besides the newspaper, the films arc one of the main contacts with what is doing on the foreign scene. On this basis the Board of Film Censors are just ified in their declarations.

On another . count of this, however, one may say that the activities of the Board should have been more prolific, especially when one is constant audience to the numero11..; laudatory exclamations of cinema-goers as to the ferocity of the fight, the devastation of tbe punch, the bigness of the brawl and the sizzling of the sex scenes, but more alarmir.g than the extent of the exclam:itions is the tone in which they are expounded - one (someone o'f righteous temparament. that is friends) is unpleasaully surprised by the hearUess manner and tone of 'these cinemagoers and within the cinema itself. while most likely a torrid

western is on ::how, the loud cries of encouragement from the aud,ence often rise to a fearsome pitch during the frequent. film scenes of devastation and . debauc:hery.

Judging by this degenerate display of behaviour on the pati 0: a signifjc11nt number of the cinema public, which constitutes an appreciable port.:on of the Guyan&e public. one is. indeed more tball tempted to assign more declam-atory powers and nobler inclinations to the Board of Fihn Censors.

It is beginning to be a van ity jn these times for wholesome, sound family motion pit:tures to be viewed and the majority o{ current film rele~scs seem to thrive on baser motives o( r evenge and selfish . individu ti and prolon~ed action - they seem to de~mphasize the impoli.ance of group activity, a necessity o: modern and effi. cient organisation.

Yet there arc many others who, basing their arguments on an extensive academic b:.c':ground and on the 'Free Morality' principle of today C".lndemn the verdicts of the Board oP Censors and even the exi!'tence of the Board on many

'CHANGES FO.R REPUBLICAN · Gu yana h as declat-ed its new status o( Republicanism and in this nhv phase we certainl y I need basic Ch 8Jlg"CS in OUI" soci~. the ,ac<:eptancc or rejed.i-On of which wou.ld eitner make or mlllr" us.

1 Our eighty-three t.hovsanc.! :square m il"es peopled by SOTl',)e ~ven hundred thousand perl;ons lie for a great p-art sp arse:1.y peopled, abounding in wealth and poosessing rich agricultural potential. These, firstly, w'c must preserve from foreign ipretentions. To do th is, we must possess the land and return to 'lthe basic skills we have shirked for a long time. But, the basic skills of agriculture are not to 'be cor,!::dered in isolation, for bur natural resources so intricately related r.eed the technical skills lo deve)op them.

I '. Here our problem is acute. l\Ve are forced to rely on 1 'toreign aid in the form of

some

lr

,,t

~ I I

technical •know-how' and fin:mcial assistance. However, these twin bases have been for too long a tirrle the support of our development structure. So it is now opportune for us to attempt development of this our country from within, using as far as possible our very native skill;; and 'know-how' with a minimum of foreign aid.

At this point we seam to face this hazardous task f!l"eatly outnumbered, for arc there r eally enough Guyanese to do this'{ Yes, there are! lJ we only recall the :mrr,bers that v"sit us annually on those chartered flights from ti,.: melt opolitan countries. Are these the persons who talk a1iout patriotism and nationalism and do so little lo m ake these words a reality?

Ts it that the metropot:tan sweet is so tasty and Guyan.a remain the father to prodigal sons? r shudder to think so, but let us

· - J. KHAN L6A hope that those sell-imposed exiles rwould return home and w ith their skills help us to save the day.

Of paramount importance also, is the attitudes of our fellow Guyanese. Shortly aite!"

Independence we t 31ked of d2colonization - a word frequently used but a process which many of us would yet have to undergo. it is not strange to -find that atter some three and 'a half years of Independence we still cling to old patterns of 'behaviour, dress and ways of thirucing. Our values are slightly altered but yet basictily p:acterned af..er those of e1u1 affluent metropolitan counterparts. ' i o these may be added some ills of our Citizens.hip. We tend to idolize foreigners and toreign

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'learned' coun~~- One of the:r major expositions is th,i.t since these motion pictures propound ,vario°i:is aspects of the realities of every-day 1:ving, many pwple would gain more intim:ite .knowledge of such matters that the Fihn Board conclude aTe not enough qualified to be seen by the Guyane~e public. They also state that persons with eslJ)Ccially 'open' minds would particularly visually imbibe fo1 the entichment of mind and experience and may even com,municate to their fellows morr: ,nora.lity by delivering judgment on the film of immorality concerned. but despite these attempts at· justification of their opposition to the Board of Censors, the unsaid op.nion on thi~ matter by an concemed is that since everyone is more perrnissivP in this permissive age whea everyone. almost everyone, that is, is 'with it' or inclined to be 'with it ,' why should not general opinion prevail agamst the established authority. and i·, there even an authority on thi!; m at lel'. of seemingly nont1?! moment when in the bri~ht lights of the world such thinits are oommon1>lace and socially acceptable.

This can perh'lp.s be co~nlered by noting the extent oL consequences en~endered by the 'Social Acceptance' principle abroad - t he swelling ra~ of the degenerate tr:be of the .Hippies are almost uni\-crsally, ,known because of their vezy degeneracy, unorthodoxy and rebellion against all authority, the increasing multitude of .drug addicts and 'pot' experbl,the rapid incline in juvenile delinquency and 'all ou:' gam.bling to mention a few majo1· .items - and tht:se are some of the lesser characteristics of .some of the major countries of the world.

Remember. it is not being said .that the motion picturt>S of lesser !iJ)iritual quality is the sole cause of these catastrophes but they are an aid to vice in itc; various aspects. Nowadays, it is quite common for young people, e:::pecially young impressionable children to .r-equent the current shows. idenit1fy themselves with the hero or heroine and emerge with new opinlons or maybe just opinions on -the aspects of the ifilm. It is thus quite obvious that these younl( J.)€or.le. wr.o definitely will •be -che adult. icidzell.f of the country in"'the future, will become at:j1-tiainted with the les,;er virtues of a lesser flm in no uncertain terms and who does not see the inicreasing effect of these films in If.he m,mnei: ol playing 'cow1boys' and/gang<,;ters' in the t<>o cl'Uel, hard and fest. unnatural .aclion of the new wertem and -.secret agent films.

It is true that when the ,c·nem'lS advertise some films, the voice of the Board of Censors is seen displayed in Slg,JR such as - '·ADULT$ ONLY~ "CHILDREN UNDER 16 NOT iALLOWiED." but not only is rthis true in word and not deed !in many c:.ses, this sim is utilrised too infrequently, so the · products . whilst we loath thos2 ,y oung one.s can still get their of our own. We lack a sense of appreciation, devotion and thrills at seem~ a man beln,<! !gut-booted' to de~th in the,.r sincerity to our .:ountry and .favourite westerns and ~innlal' unless we can do and say things films of equal teml)er.ament. ;with a sincerity of purpose, we shall ~v~r be able to get out With regard to tlle ari.,'Um· nt of this mor.:.ss oi stagnation. o i many so-c;iUed ac<1demics · Let us finally endeavour to that people would gain a more practice that which many of 1 1mimate k.now'.edg~ o! the IlUltus have given thought. and i! <ters of life depicted in the }1>,;by cha.nee we are temptl.'<i to 1Ser motion picture;;. it is i'iTStlv dissent, then let "JS =ek a ra>to be asked ,.,,.-hat 'matters oI. tional forum to r~c.ncile our,life' do these pictures depict relve::.. Th,s is the most chalthe baser and inhuman 'matlenging period of our time for <ters,' of course, and would not we have emb...rked upon a new !)-'oung adults be influenced by and co-operative venture; tbe seeing them, especially as it is success ol w}1id1 depends upon now known that maturity is atea.ch individual and his dts re ttained later in young adt.lthood to make it a SUC\.'CSS. ,.eJ v? It is true that there ne ~rsons who claim to be capable of obtaining some spiritua1 benefit from these fihns, b•tl, not quest.:on the quality of their be.re.it, it is to be-FROM CENTRE SPREAD • ,>articular '?l'Oted th <>t they are indeed a = l l minority and cannot oo and Dutc-h gra\·c~. We Guyanconsidered in face of onslaught ese seem quite proud of the from a majority.

Dutch names of many places.

The name Queen's College Wha t is needed most probably has no real colonial influenee, -to remedy this warm situatiou as a matt-er of fact Q C. boys lbe 9ore it becomes too hot to are the leaders of non-colonial ihandle is greater restrictive thought. The Prime Minister, me~Fures on the local cinema Mr. L. F. S. Burr.ham, the opscene and these restrictive pos:tion Leader Dr. Jagan, Atpowers should be invested in torney-General and Minister of 'the F.Im Board of Censors, State Mr. S. 8. l<amphal, Dr whi.c'.h rperhaps, may be enWal-tcr Rodney, Dr. Clive larged by the introduction of Thomas and a host of ot·her!, "new blood' s o that a wider fie-1.d \\-'E're all students of Queen's of discussion could be entered College. Can we say that the 'Upon as to the quality of motion name to which they w~re subpicturei:. and the portion of the jected caused them to think ipublic crpable of acCC'Oting colonially? W!,2t we need is wholes-:>mely a wholesome film; not really a change in names but with the prevail"ni: attitude but· a change m altitudes. tind outlcok of today. restriction Every country needs a history m i~ht se"m a mi~hty unp3laand a pride tn its history. The table term to most, but like fn1stration of name-chiingin~ rm!dicinE'. :t tnay not be tasty. and name-gt\'U\g was a colonial but it has the possibility of fu.~s imposed upon our fore improvin~ a bad aiwat.:on. fat<hen. ·A. M. SATTAUR (UGMA)

-'--------------

President e

- -~

/

----

MARCH 1970

·rHE QUEEN'S COLLEGE LICTOR -

An ·- Anthology If l'm elected Pre11ident I'd make a l"eal clictatonhip, All who my n1le re~nt I'll chutise with jail a.nd whip.

My fa.ther I will make a Cod To him, a.ll will have lo pray, I'll ~nare not the proverbiRI rod Will n>oil not those who disobey .

All men will have to lick my boots .

Lid, their bottoms till they &bine,

Or l' II flagellate the moronic brutea Thei- hoclies underf,;,ot I'll grind, To m" eRch man will lend his wife To me he'll lend bia claugb\.tt& to~ H•'ll do it if he values h.ia

•

l

..

•

Let Cod ho, true I I'm bound for heaven hell.

I'll have my due, Be it woe or well.

Some people &aT There is no after life, Your dying day Will end all humaa. strife.

But-it'• not ao Your destination given, Where we don't know To hell or to heaYC!'tl.

•

Your forefather was an a n • thropoid ape He bad a &ligblly humanoid

SIMBA SAFARI OR THE LlON~HUNT

&bape,

The beaten

Your foremother was of the very same Elock And they lived together on.

Gibraltar Rock.

band

ran torchea, in

·

Seeking their dreaded prey, The lion roar& jump& on all fours Begins to bound away. their The valiant a&kari, lance& carry As they join in th~ cbase, But the beast was s.wift and its tail did lift As it set a vigorous pace.

Their fancy b-,uae ,..as made of &tone Their ornaments were made of bone, In thoae days they bad no telephone And their door djdn't have a lock, And they lived on Gibraltar rock.

The lion waa strong, but ita ma.ne was long And caught in a low gpread tree, The chase wa" near, a.n.d the llon in fear Gyrated desperately.

The lion broke free, ju&t in time to see The hunters on bis la.ii, For a moment it seem-ed to the hunting team That their pla.n was &UNI to fail.

This forefather once went out for fire And he fell into a &limy quagmire, Gra$1>ed on an exposed bigb voltage wire And got an electric &hock, As he sunk on G.irb&ltar Rock.

Add after a while bis hain feH off And hia wife at him began to scoff, But aoon h.er head she bung in shame children were For all their just the same ,

·l<

•

•

Up rode a man bis &pear in band And he charged the fleeting beast, His lance be let Oy with accu• rate eye

peacefully

•

Witb the water at bis toes Apd hi, ch.air on the bo,acb of diell.

And the tide ro&e and found him lherie Sitting in hi, ~&Y chair.

He did not bear the th.un.der

•

clap

the water

I

Lar.t 1peech night Alfred land with a &uit ~ Kerchief in top pocke\ lo

I

Beaubelle went to Hollywood Just heard be waa doing good.

He st.arred in "BUt.J..IP", "DON'T GIVE UP THE LIP" .

A.nd in the adventuru of PROBIN HOOD.

.

Another nice thing I heard Cumber got a Central Bird.

If she nice like me Or Beaubelle or he, Then 1he ~ally too ugly lor

word•.

•

l\1.ac (ph'Josoplu.siug): Ufe ts an a«-ident.

She(e)p (pointing to Mac)t

How true!

• • FOR A MOMENT

Robo wa.!: lecturing to the clas, A m:>uth ope ned 11s if to say something and then cl~ared itsel ' rapidly: ,, Did'st thou speak D:isihmas•• "1\l-o sir. Why sir?"

"For a moment, r thought you were go:ne; to say some. thing intelligent."

•

•

•

COLOURS

Judoka (playfully): Be.t you can't guess wlll>t colour belt r,~ got in Judo?

Cumber (pleasantly): Of ~urse. 'I can. rd stak~ my gid (sit") that it's the colour of tbe side of your mouth - dirty white!

•

•

School-morning

And &O llWay did qwckly ..ail His ch.a.fr, while bi" helplesa limbs did flail, Until he ca.me to, you kno w where, And the tide fell and left b.im. there Sitting in hii< euy cb.a.i.-.

• * • LIMERICK'S LIBELOUS LIMERICKS

loot.

*

THE GREAT ACCIDENT

ENGLASH LA..1.'mWICII Ra,·o y:>u heard the 1-tcst word from a bandso~ (sic) and well-spoken young man'~

·1ap, Did a.ot gee e'en. t.b.e light· ning Oub Nor d(d be bea.l' the r•ui· drop• splash.

And the tide ro&e ancl .foun.d him there.

Sitting in hi& easy chair.

boot.

•

E.'\IPLODIE.''T PROBLEJ\i Patch (discoursing upon a iest paper submitted by ANL who had written copiously a,1d irrelevantly): You probably see writing as a source Qf employment but your marks sure encountered some unemployment problems.

chest peacefully

lt waa no use denying That be left gomeone crying, For be•ide• being old it wa.

CAT 0.!\1' A llOT TJN CAN Girl to friend (cbd in 1reen, actually): Hey! Who's that kook on the gas chariot - the one that resembles a "monkey 'pon iron"?

Friend: (Realisatiot~ dawning): Oh you mean M..T.P.'oniron.

l\ta1:, Yes. brother. Upon scch11? a blind mmn or a cri.ppl~ I frel a compcllin~ Urjf(' to .ir}ve tltan}<s fOr not being so unfor:1mefo.

And. as Y look at you now, I fool that urge return.

roge

He did not hear

*

•

D.T.AH: Really?

As be iat in bis o,uy chair.

And the tide rose and found him there Sitting in bis euy chair.

Hi" round fell,

it!

THE URGE Mac: When T think 1>oout lifo and its \'&garies. 1 feel ,I should give thanks to God e, ery hour o[ t'te d"Y·

fear

chest

•

RUMPLED B=>m':>er: M.T. m 'ln, you don't mean 1o buy that little, utensil?

Jt can work wonders you know.

M,T: Which utensil? · Bomber: I'm talking about an iron.

M.T. (mys tified, looking at his clothes): Why, what do you mean?

Bomber: Not for your clothes boy, for your face.

(N. A. ISHMAEL L6A) It's six o'clock.

"Wake up, wake up!" ''Get up, get up I" It's the ole girl again-naggin . 1 Bawling steadily like &Orne dam' · alarm clock.

Bubu-eyed, stink mouth me I mumble ''Eh mamee ?"

- "School". · Ob criste, again ? ! ! ,:. jump out de hammock Splash, spladi - done bade!

I~ THE PROCESS , Furn.hie, fumble--clothea put on!

J\lr. R~mdhan.ie wH drawl~ Cram de mouth., gulp down tea a parallel between· Sa.tan Off again to Q.C .. .• ("Parad;se Lost") and Mephis-

• •

Pur.hing vindictively, chubs groanin' p.,ddJe crackin', fender clangin' Wheel wabblin', chain ru&ty I - Blasted Bicycle &ick.

Look at me puffing, gweating, flu&bing, &training Like gome castipated fellow at the privy Brammin' down Camp Street Bunin' through traffic.lights.

Reach Lamaha, aah, I en late, Is only ten pa& eight.

Down Camp Street again, arr1ve por fin . . . . ? h Monday and big Pow-wow.

No School.

I

I I

topheles (''Dr. Faos1us'').

i

Coals,

(re<:ognising names)~

Of course, Me~histi .........._pause ···-· ...- .• MephUes. ....- ..- .....I

me.an,

Mephis-k>-p'hee.................

"i'. R.: In five minutes yo1t

I should make it.

But (w~th a sad i;hake of. his head) T fear, in the process you'll st.Yain both your tongue and your brain.

We have heard that P. Lau'rcate Limerick dubbed the Econs., History. English set as '"MORONIC BRUTES". May we 'suggest that it was because of 'I.heir blind devotion to "THE MOOREON''?

r

I

Sweets . ... .l

.,,

4

S-WEETS

·~

.r,r,::i

.,.,

"

fj

IL

'

TlfE. BEST GUYANA HAS TO OFFER .T.

I

...,

.•a

or

Englasb I;utgwich? It jg "'impersonification" and · was in• spired by tl1e Engfo,h verb ·'impersonate". We su,cgest ho" ever that its mcanini; clude.<e not only the Alm'ghty, but also the ,·ery chap who concocte<l

irrelevants (p:>ints), .•t..'i.ereforc, I have twenty percent.

LIFE'S LIKE THAT ' OR THE EASY CHAIR

Hi• round or

If, &0 I hope, To go the better place; But aince I can't pope My destiny I'll face

(From Oriein of the Species

by Darwin)

The spear he threw had done its due And had taken a deadly toll.

(Dedicated to Oli'lter Valz)

•

•

d~tiqn,e ry of 1hc Etymology

OVEKHEARD She(e) p checking test µapr r · T have two relevants and three

He ju5t sat and &at A diapeleu blob of fat, As if be bad no cal'e nor

W.h.ere sba.11 I go, Wh.en life comes to an end?

How c:an l know, \\lher-c nelLt my time l'U 1,pend?

GIBRALTAR ROCK OR THE BIRTH OF MAN

---

by C. L. Limerick

LET GOD BE TRUE

•

..

roll

*

And 1!111 the same it'g nothing new.

And who cares if they &boot me down Or if they try a c:oup d'etat?

One thing's i;ure, I won't die young They'll think long before trying that.

And if their ,tupid attempt fails Heaven help them they'll learn to pray, 'Cause I'll erect a few more jails And keep them there tiU judgement clay.

The :rain had fallen heav·ty bu• Robo still eiq>re<.SCd SUl'prisc u~n ~ing only two .members of his ~1.itss present. in schoal that da.v.

R.obo, And, whence is tl1e rest of the ctass, might we ask?

G.M.R, We might !,8iy they fared no bp!ler th.ut thq provCTbial SI! It.

He turned and sped and away be Red · The lion at lua heels Till his diarger fell in a bol· low dell .

Hi" fate was duly sea.led.: But lo! and heh.old! with. heart nin cold He watched the great beast

And that's hOIW "'' e got bu• man •tock And no a.po,s on Gibraltar Rocle.

life

.

lnto tho, tawny bu&t.

Hi" quarry turned with eyes that burne«t And ruabeci hi" a&&ailatit, .

The man unnen-ed· bia charge swerved As the beast began to rant.

· A tragi-comecly cmd jolre

-'

PAGE ll

More notes· of a Native son

Verse

The President's ,. . Manifesto

.

•

REPUBLIC ISSUE

}H

THE QUEEN'S COLLEGE LICTOR -

PAGE 12

REPUBLIC ISSUE

MARCH 1970

,Queien's CoUege, the new President's C:oHege C

. The hot August sun had by ' now retired in1o her huge heatless vermillion form and sat gracefully as.tride the illum.ina, 'ted horizon. She had run her course and now was about td • leave the scene in a blaze o! ' glory. But for Martha the heat 1 of the day h3d only made Worse the burning anger she now cherished for her husbmd.

Hungry children, merciless ibeatings, late nights at the pub

and outside womt:n all played their part in her coming to the conclusion:"! can't stand it any longer; he'll send me crazy. I must! I will! I've got to divorce hlm!

It was 11.30 p.m. half an hour had p3st since the tear-stained eyes and the haggard frame of Martha had been rescued by the soothing Goddess of slumber.

BUt even in her sleep her husband still haunted her. She

'(·L etter to the Editor Dear Sir, lhi the 111st issue of your 1 !llewspaper certain points were raised in an article headed "The need for a national iden1 itity" with which I disagree. In the first paragraph of the article is written 'Guyana now faces a problem oorrunon to most newly independent countries, especia11y those with a piulti-racial community; misinte11>reted as a need for racial unity, it is, in reality. the need for a true national identity.'

The writer of this article h::is 6aid that the need for a national identity has been misconstrued as a need for racial unity, however, anyone should know that the need for racial unity has been and should be stressed because if we Intend <:reatin~ a national identity IN'? must first be able to shake off our racial differences. Having passed through as our fortunate writer has not, the violence and uoheavals of the early, sixties I can see that the need for racial unity and its fruit, peaceful co-existence of Guyana's races, is flr more pressing than :that for a national identity.

We cannot have a national identity, until we c,m say truly 'All o' we is one.'

The writer of this essay' next talks about the ' oofonial mentality' and in his last but one ;paragraph said "1\1assa" and "'.Missy" may have disappeared :from t'ie Guyanese vocabulary, ibut not from its social set-up.'

This is quite wrong, Gone arc the days when school children sang "Rule Britannia, Britannia rule the waves. Britons never shall be slaves.'' Today it is ''Guyana Guyana this fair land , of ours, Has broken the bond! age of far distant powers", the time has been long-forgotten when the Guyanese cricket· captain had to be

I

I

-white, two decades ago no one would have dreamed that a negro would win the title 'Miss Guyana' and perform as well as AJe:ids Harris did in the Miss World contest.

What may have lasted 1onger was the idea that foreign products etc, are of better quality than local products, but this is not to be attributed to a 'Colonial mentality' for in many cases the local manufacturers put out substandard goods; and even this is fading as our university is putting graduates who are out to prove that local products are as good as any even our degrees. ' Finally, the third paragraph spoke of attempts to "sell" the Guyanese identity degenerating into emphasising the racial differences. If we talce a good look we will realise that the 'Afro' shirt was and is being worn by both of the major races in our country and that Guyanese women of African de.scent when dressed in their "ashikis ·• look remarkably like their Indian counterparts in their saris.

This is not to say that I support this fashion trend but I do not agree that it emphasises racial differences. Tn concluding, I would like to say that there has been two much talk about creating a national identity and about developing a culture, the harder we try the farther are we going away from it. Steelbands were not fruit of much talk, but just out of the frustration of unemployed.

Trinidadians there came this new and different addition to the world of music. Like little !Bo peep's sheep.

'ILeave them alone.

And they will come home Bringing their tales behind them."

BERNARD.

GET your

Cricket Equipment at your

SPORTS DEPT. Universal Building

i-------------------------~

dreamt he had been drinking Qnd while in high spirits got inter a fight having come off to the worst of it he came home det-e.rmined to take revenge on his poor, helpless wife and children. A tear trickled down her cheek unawares. Suddenly it was no longer a dream. ,Bang!! Bang!

•'M-artha-a.

Get up and open tlus -bluddy door." ln a flash she was up and ran towards the door, her infant in her arms. Then suddenly she froze in her tracks.

Four years ago a similar incident occurred . .rohn was out drinking until the early hours of the morning. When he came home he knocked on the door once and on hearing no on<: stir within, he kicked down the door. She had got her eighth child only eleven months ago and he was in her arm when she leaped out of bed to see what was wrong. No sooner had her husband seen her than he fetched her a stinging slap that made her reel backward.

While she was still off balance he kicked her in that same way that had only recently borne him his filth son. The child fell to one side and she to the other. The infant made the most 1>itiful noise that would have appealed to a 1km, bear, wolf, horse, donkey - any thins;: except .rohn. No sooner had she stooped over the infant, herself in pain, .Tohn landed the back of a chair plwnb on her back, the death certificate, then a second on her head; she woke up eight hours after with her crying in!lant next to her - in a hospital bed.

Bang!! Bang!! "Woman!! Woman! I say . . . . ." He didn't have to go any further. She h ad forgot he was still outside.

Quickly she hid the sleeping infant under a long crude ·wooden chair and furiously she turned the rusty old knob of the door to the left, right, up and down until it finally opened t·he door. Then as if in appreciation, the obvious assertion in opening the door, John levelled a right fist at her temple and so brought much needed sleep to her weary bones for the next nine hours. When she awoke, he had gone, gone on his daliy round in the vicious circle of a man that has no respect her God, man nor himseli!

One month later in the morning of 23rd February 1970, Martha found herself seated in the witness box of a packed court-room.

Order!! Order! "I swear to tell the truth and nothing b:.it the truth; so help me God'!

"I do". The case was clearly in her favour. The life marks which tattooed her face and h ands, the death certific3te of her youngest son, the testimonies of the sympathetic neighbours and of the bar-man, the revelations of John's drinking pals and - the lean and hungry look on her face all helped to move the hearts of ju<4e, jury and court in less than four hours. Then came the verdict. She was granted her divorCe. "From now on Mrs. Martha Bobsemple you are legally exempted from any marital obligations to Mr. John Bobsemple.

As from this instant your name has once again become Miss Martha Haynes".

There was a loud sigh of relief as sympathisers and neighbours left the court room.

Martha forced a smile unto her !Bee that only managed to stay for a second. This was not because she was happy but becaure she had completely lo1>t the art of smiling. At last she was free, free of the yoke she had labow·ed under for years.

Sure . ·enough the congrahila-

tions poured in but then everyone was shocked. .. Damn happy to be divorced and free but I will not countenan::e anyone refusing to call me by the name that reminds me of my dependence and marriage to my former husband.'' As Martha said the..«e words she was divorced and 1rus was the only reason why her friends took her seriously. One by one she lost friends and made enemies and still maintained her stand.

"I am now independent of my husband according to my own desires, but I will st-alwartly resist anyone who tries to avoid calling me by the name that reminds me of my misery and .of him, from whom I have longed to be freed.

Guyana has fought for and has won her rndependen.ce. After that the Queen was still represented by our Governor-

General. Now the Nation has succeeded in severing even the formal allegiance although it knows it cannot break the economic ties. Guyana has attained Republican Status: The Queen has been paid her last homages and has now ceased to exist; Yet we refuse to change the name of one of our leading ins!itutions O(f education. We adhere tenaciously to the name that reminds us of our dependence on the Queen. No! We have voted to become a Republic and made our decision. Like men, we must stand by all the implications. We must set our own standards and respect our own ideals. We want the Queen's to ~? Then let the last part and even the thought of her go. We want 1he President! Then let's have him and cherish and idolise h\m forever!"

GODFREY MACALLJSTER.

What to say?

Were you ever unfortunate enough to be asked to think?

I mean at short notice, think deeply (and fruitfully) upon some subject of which your know ledge rwas so scanty as to be non-e:idstent? If such was ever your predicament you would appreciate why the subject of our Co-Operative Republic struck such terror in my soul.

In ·my little world, thinkin~ is classified as hard work and hard work is de['initely one of my not-S1:>-favourite things. My knowledge df the Co-operative Republic is (shame forces me to print this in very small capitals) VERY LIMITED. Besides, there was little likelihood that anything I would say now had not been reoeated innumerable times before by fellow Guyanese better qualified than I to speak on the subject in question.

At this pregnant moment, a light of two-candle power attempted to illumine the gloom of my intellectual blackout. I would circumvent the difficulty of thinking on the Co-operative Republic by thinking about our Independence almost four years ago. Tn this way, I hoped to arrive at an understanding of our impending status <by seeing it in the context of Independence. My soul's terror receded as I took comfort in the positive sound or these words.

A few months before the actual celebrations, I seem to remember, Queen's College had been treated to a talk on the significance of the Independence celebrations to Guyana by Mrs. Cicely Robinson, then the Maths mistress at Bishop's High.

Such was the excellence of Mrs. Robinson's text that at the end of her speech the enfrc school was fired with an immense enthusiasm for our then impending status as "Independents." This was no mean feat (with a Q.C. audience?!!} for the only other speaker to be as successful with such an audience was Mr. Conrad Hunte on the subject of "Moral Rearmament".

Anyway, at this point, Mrs. Robinson hinted that there was a chance for some or us (about 75) to participate as French and Dutch soldiers in a P a geant of Guyanese H:story to be staged in the Queen Elizabeth lll'ational Park. Selection hinged on the principles, "first come, first chosen" and "the bigger.' the better", but T believe that it was to the first principle that I owed my selection for no stretch of imagination could I have been de.scribed as big; "punk" might have been more apt!

Because I have always regarded my inclusion in that Pageant as one of the m'>re fortunate occurrences of my existence, it was with a tinge of regret that I realised I would not participate in the Republic celebrations to the extent th'lt I had done in the Independence celebrations. But even as my mind formed these thoughts, the vision of that Pageant of '66 returned to me, bathed in the light of new significance.

In the beginning there was Guyana, and her people of the cassava civilisation, the peaceloving Amer(ican)-indians. The land and her people were free, and the land was restless, in the vastness of her untapped potential. The men who came to her were free and restless too as they searched in vain for her fabulously wealthy king and, being unsuccessful, eventually stayed to cultivate this fertile land.

As the men attempted to harness the land and exploit its potential they harne~sed her peOple to do it. But they brok~ under the strain. And the men harnessed other men whom they brought from other lands to do it. And these survived.

But the land and the men had undergone their first change.

And it continued even so. For, the men desired to make of this land a covenant, a place where a free man could build for himself, and raise his children to a better life. And this was true i'or both harnesser and harnessed.

Thinking about this, I knew what to say. We are one people and° one nation, and we have come a long way since "The Beginning''. We have endured much throughout the ensuring years, but it has been the stern test of adulthood for, today, in the year 1970, we have come oI age.

For every generation, there is a destiny. F1or our forefather5, history had decided. For this generation, our fate as a nation and our future as a people will rest not uoon a few citizens, but upon all citizens. Our destiny rests upon the character of our people and on their faith.

Let us remember therefore that as we approach the Cooperative Rf'public we approach another "Beginning."

Let us help make of the ensuing years a heritage of which our ancestors could have been justly proud. And so it shall prove. While God 1s willing, and we are strong enough to keep the faith.

G. M. R February 1970.

CALEB.

T HE QUEEN'S COLLEGE LICTOR -

REPUBLIC ISSUE

MARCH 1970

PAGE 13

l ohn·- John and the Ma sacou r aman The afternoon was cool and peaceful. A gentle breeze fanned mY face, and continued through the trees overhanging the calm waters of a tributary of the Pofaro River. A few leaves fell from the branches .as they swayed under the influence of the breeze, and others rustled noisily, as though protesting against the unkind act o f nature in removing their dead companions from them. sounds of talk and laughter were waftoed across the clearing to me, where r sat quietly in the small boat moored at the pork-knoc!ker's landing. My gaze shifted to the house from which a gay group of men were now emerging.

"All set?" I called out to the men.

"Aha !" Bellowed a strong voice, "you'all got to ketch the Masacouraman tonight or I ent name Tombran ". and he laugh. ed heartily.

1·

I

I

,~

There !had been a rumour that a Masacouraman was in the watery depths of this branch of the Potaro. It was only the day before, that a group of surveyors claimed to have seen him by their hut, about 5 miles u.p the river from the landing.

I now remembered the sur~ veyors scarfed looks as they had related the incident; and the mocking glint in the eyes of. J ohn-.John, the landing's "fearless", as he listescd to them.

It was with .John-Johrl that the adventure started. JohnJ'ohn was a man in his forties who was 'born on the Courentyne and spent quite a lot of his life in the interior. He was reputed to be afraid of neither "man nor beast" and on hearing the surveyors rumour, John-.Tohn extended his statement to include, "and anything else". John-.John was a real bad-man and so a bet was arranged. .John-,rohn was to spend a ni~ht at the surveyors camp.

He was to spend it in the open with a lamp and a cutlass, and two men were selected to go along as witnesses. Thomas and myself. Thomas was not his real name, but his friends had called him "Doubting Thomas" from the time he arrived at the landing. He simply never believed anything. Des;:iHe this, however, he w, well liked for his rich sense of humour and practical jokes. I was going along partly through curiosity and partly because I did not join myself to either of the rival factions who were either for or against the success or John-John.

The odds stood just about

even. Those backing .Tohn-John would recall how their hero had single-handedly killed a tiger, and had once battled wibh wild-hogs. Their rivals would, with equal enthusiasm, e,X!pound on the fight when John-.John was beaten by "Buxton Lily" at Bartica. It was with these :;tories ringing in our ears that .Tohn-.Tobn , Thomas, and myself set off from the landing to paddle up to the surveyors' camp.

"Ah ever tell yuh th:s one . . .", John-John was beginning another story in his familiar fashion, when Thomas cut in "H1::y man, is how yuh mek Lily beat yuh." Wo travelled in silence until w e cmne to the camp.

It was late afternoon when we arrived at the isolated hut among the trees, and so w e inunediately set about prepara• Hons for the night. John-John was an 'high spirits as he sharpened his cutlass and 1trimmed his lamp. He was soon in posiition, on a tree-stump at the side of the hut facing the river, and Thomas and myself could hear him whistling the latest calypsoes as we sat in a hammock.

'-

As the night wore on JohnJohn stopped his whistling. ''Yuh know, I ent believe we gon see a ting tonight," Thomas broke the silence, "dem s urveyors are a pack of liars."

"Listen, man,'' he lowered his to;\e, "Ah did prepare foh dis, gimme fiifteen minutes more and ah gon got .Tohn-J ohn hollering f'oh dead!"

I began to tingle with excitement, "Whuh you gon do?"

I asked him.

"Ah boy", Thomas smiled wickedly, '"I gon be the Masacouraman tonight." "Ah got a costume hey, and ah gon go in the water and come pon JohnJohn and frighten the bitch!"

He made a move towards the door, and I saw a figure itlide silently pass a crack in the Willi.

I checked myseU, .Tohn-John had heard, but I won't s. y anything. "That should increasr the fun," I said to myself.

J went out to where John.John was sitting in the moonlight. "Wake up man", I called out to him, "yuh want the Masacouraman ketch yuh sleeping or what," L laughed, T homas's jokes had never failed to come off. "Ah ready fob he an~e," ,J ohn-.Tohn replied confidently as he stretched lazily. We chatted quietly until, suddenly there was a splash in the river. John~Tohn sprang to his feet, "look he dey", he shouted. I followed his finger and saw a large, dark,

W1LLIAM WOOLFORD

hairy figure comlng up on the bank. "This boy Thomas fast", I said to myself, "and he got a good costume too. The figure was lumbering towards us, growling menacingly. .TohnJohn had exchanged his cutlass for ;i. stout piece of wood and was now prancing around like a matador. "Ley he come, ah gon fix he up good and prappa."

Whook ! ,John-.J ohn gave a mighty lash with his club that cleaved through t he air and threw its excited wielder off balance. Whaxen; The ci.ub had again descended, this time with resounding force on the treetrunk.

John-John was dancing wildly around his opponent, "Ah mean fob kill yuh tonight Thomas," he spluttered, "yuh tek me foh an ass nuh?" As if in answer, his assailant sprang, John-John side-stepped (or to be more precise, he tripped over the tree trunk, and foll

* *

1

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Prescriptions filled Films Cosmetics American Optical Sungla..."ISeS Post cards Canned f ~

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TELEPHONE 61221, -1911.

91, SMYTH STREET, GEORGETOWN.

man", I screamed. "Yuh begging now, you been in it to, ah gon kill both of you· all", and I backed away as .Tohn-.John swung the club at me. His opponent w as now staggering dazedly to his fee t. John-.John, again swung his club mightiy, but this time he missed completely and fell flat on his face.

As his opponent made off for the river, .Tohn-.Tohn sprang breathlessly to his feet, "Yuh. running, yuh bitch come and ..." he began and stopped dead in his tracks. "Hey man is whuh happening", a voice had cut in, "Ah go down the river foh go in the water and ah hear de noise and come back." John-.Tohn looked ir& dumb-disbelief from Thomas to the hairy figure disappearing in the river and back to Thomas . again. He uttered a cry ''The Masacouraman !" and fainted. (

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with a groan). I would hold back my laughter no longer.

Thomas had planned nicely, r could even smell his rank body as he moved around. John.John, as mad as ever, was on his feet again. Wbaxen! My laughter subsided a little as .Tohn-John landed a solid blow.

"Watch man, doan hit he so hard," I said. 1'Ah mean foh kill he,'· John-John said as he dashed into the attack again.

But now his opponent was angry. With blazing eyes and a deep gutteral sound from his wide open mouth, he sprang upon John-John. John-John was taken by surprise.

He uttered a cry as he stumbled back and swung his club viciously. All laughter had left me now, the matter was becoming serious. craddax! The blow landed solidly on the hairy head. "John-John lef de

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THE QUEEN'S COLLEGE. LICTOR -

----- -- - -- - ----been decided to complete the

MARCH 1970

REPU.BLIC ISSUE

INTERIOR . DEVELOPMENT.

Baldwin statement.

"He (the Amerindian.) neglected his £ields, surrender;ng his self-supporting independence to a reliai,.ce on the good will of his master.

This system, evell though benevolently. applied, must lead to the pauperi zation of its subjects, A.nd this has happened. The varying interestg of the two parties, brought thus into c~ose relationship, iwere bound to diverge.

turned loose, m l"s from grazing tr~cls and became strays. Here again redress was rarely given, the argument being that the Indian should attend the rou.ndups and look al'ter his cattle. 4gain, although it was to the advantage of the rancher to have Inwan homesteads near at hand as a ready source of labour, fhis only held good -as lon~ as the Indian was tractable'.

11 he were not, he could, 1bc turned oft the land on which he lived, which was l\eld under a Catt!~ Grazin!{ Penni:ision by the ranche_r, without compen!llltion 101· • what~ver labour he bad ex-pended on h :s bou.,~ and field.'·

The rancht!rs' cattle broke into . and destroyed Ind ians' 11ields and when they compla:ned and asked for compensation they were told that they must fence their fields properly or temove· and make them in the lorests. Indian cattle were driven into the ranchers' corra]p during round-up.,; j ~ of being cut-out in the tielJ , and were latci:.

HEARTY CQNGRATULA TlONS to all Guyana on the successful and peaceful attain11Jent of

Co-operative Republic FROM THE MANAGEMENT AND STAFF OF

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d igenous hrothe,r<- ~ ... <i c an use the tools of modern science to ensure their prosperity and the progress of ou1· oountrJ. ' Co-operatives w il l give small coas tal innabi ,al'L~

FROM PAGE 3

This · has been the r esult of Colonial GovernmenLs' attitude to our. Interior imd it's development. Today the Government oL' Guyana as it lead., this country into Republican status, js' the first Government ~in the History of Governmen,a!

Policy. which has dewcated :tself to the d~'rlopment. o: o ur 'ver, Newtown and Se3le are Interior. A synopsis of Govall heroes to their young fole ~ ' s Cntcrior Policy a'Jlowers. Malcolm X was respoored in. the Booklet, "'l'he pons'ible f<>'r the conversion of Co-<fperati;e ,Rep1,tblic I." Th'.s m any of today's Black Muslims. syn9psis r;trl'ted: · ''The development of our MOnElt'S -v:IU,AINS land and . m,j.l)eral re50urce;. 'l'o put oppos1te our mode~-n tlte interior ·is of major heroes, of coun,e, · are our . ·con.sequ ence to the e,conoprogress of the nation modem villains. Most of these · ;ind · the future . Pl'Otection 'belong to prece<\ing generations, • · .of our borders. · the cii'which contributes -to their being . {iuiru:tanc• s ,of Guyana. the villains. · In today's youth's out_ co-operativ\l e.ffort is the burst against confotunlty, m.,ny only ·' method for interiot· parents are an evetyday re- dtwi.'lopment. . which wfn minder of that conformity, in · fully- uli[se our human rethat they wish their children to !'Ourccs and prov:de for tht' 'be like them, and thus often try • •JY. or.le a real sharo in the tci limjt the actions of their control and owne1·s hip oi children; so they become, qu :ti~ this devclc,pment. Tbe C<>often. restrictive "VJ11ains" to op~rative- metliod provio"s their children. a rapid and profitable This can be observed on anm-eans of resettlin!! popu laother level; demonstration , 1ion in the interior, while against the policies of political leaders: Nixon, Wilson, De :,voiding • the randicau;; Gaulle. These men represent a nd - pitfalls faced by something far removed from t h e small individual youth; the gene,:ation gap is -settler isolated tn a hostile constantly growing Fven in tcn-ain. The development of that bastion of tolerance, £he suitably selected area" of Civil Rlghts movement, yout~1~ the interior through corebel against what they feel is o•.er tivc setOem ents will niake the mir,imum demand the ''failure of King and h 's on Government fin ancing acolytes to adjust to the ne w and will give full expressituation.'' and they start to fol.!"ion to wryrker co ntrol of low the e.xtremirt, direct 11c- ' and participation in the tion g roups. for instance. lh<' profit; of the developI3Iack Pant he r,; and the S.D. ~ men t.'' u;,der the Co-operative ReNEW VALUES pt• bl ic. In te rior Dt!veloP'..,... n~• So how does thi s a!fe.:t us in will take pl ' ce in a way whic}, G1,1y,ana ? The answe r l'. es :n m y will bencfi l mainly, the G•1yearlier statement: " Youth t cn·ls a1\cse peoo1e. Amerindian edu to id~nt.ify itself clo~ely with cation _will ensure that our inyouth abroad and we often copy many of its ch .~acteristics."

Thus we mu, t consider thP reaction of the. a t ·ons of fore:gners on our;;eh·, ,-. It is po,sil:le that the a ~paren t s tr·ving for reaHsUc new value, in ;, nE:w wor!d . o r tbe fore 'gn yout h. ma\· nl'Cd Guyana's youth into find 'n<.? s.ome new ones to adjust to , the new (hopefully) new way inirodurcd by the Ca -oper ~t ive. · ft}e

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Tn t he Co-t.p era,lvr the ne , d for natfonal un ·tv ,vill be emp ha<z d: I reiterate my ex press(d vie w that t h·~ will on1y l:,e made cos,ible throueh the a:., qu's:t o n of a true national 1den1ity. Furthermore, another po·nt has recently raised itself in mv .,.,, i,.<i· th" f., •• that t'1 's proposed nat ion, before acquiring identity, needs something on which to base, or focus that identity. This national focal po nt h.is b~. n the makin~ or !,"feat nations. the British coultl ooi nt t :> the r Emp:re and trad :tio ns. up to :i fe w · years a~'>: the Ttal':>n.s: their Fo"llan c , tho l"C'ism: the Nazi Germans their race. ~o we in Gu:irana n<>ed this l•ase. A few peopl e h a" " tried to insin u.at ·' thei r id eas .into po r,u1.>r us· t'<.: trie<i •.1n,1..1cr<'<"< full v w ere our reput~tion fer ho•,pita lity. o ur a ncestral trad ition.,., our pride in brE>a kin<.? free from the "chains of colonialism", one nc-wsoaper writer even suggested the President !

This focal point will eve ntua lly be found or devised: but we cannot make an artificial one.

FROM PAGE Z

No one can force any th'. ng on a nation. . ~ IIEKE - W"JIERE'!

Perhaps one can now see tb'.lt before we embark on thi~ undertaking, truit it is ou.ly right that we, t=acll one, look at. ourselves- and see bow well we are fitted to the task in han~. l bave merely tried to pre,<'nt my views as pointers. However, evecy Guyanese must look to himseU before he condemns or approves any major n:iove l'ke tbe introduction of the Cooperativ.e on a nation~l scale.

The deQsion on where Guyana goes fr<>m here, and how she gets thei-e lies with you ~ the

~

PROBLEM$ e FROM

PAGES

kno:w w'll;i.t's being exchanged . (7) PrMtite what you pr.-:tcb.Concleru,ed ffom an uticlt> on ~outhlul 8l1or11ittiug by Robert Collins.

Acute IJlferlorlty Complex f1nall,y there i!o tho lai~t-faire attitude by a ,·a..t majorit)' or tho Guyanese society, Too many . i; U\' :llllC~ !>it 011 I heir laurtl,-, and allude to such at r()()itit'-. tt>, ·watchini;: their in:,•rn.t 1um1wn't.1 . with . l II otht'r w u1·1.b they t"itllt!r itlnl-wor,,hi1J ,,,. ,11Hi,r Irom acute iulHiorit) 1·1,mpll·X. J .l't it be known tlmt ' nlll.,,tth da) dun· amt ;,in ti' tht." small m:uL will ,,.. , ·cry much instrumt>ntal in makinit t he Co-oi>t>rath·e Ht."r111hlic :i ,uc· <'C-'>'I then ht> mu-.1 a,-!-umt· a mortt posiih·e atti<ud.- toward, hi .. m·, n dt>ar inten.,t,. 'l'rue demucrac)' al. fonb twetyone the rii:-ht to ml, e bis opinl1>11 frt'l'l) aml :,s;.e,... llO\\f'\·t·r tl1.-re ,·iew;, widely. may bt' limit:-1 to what :,,euµe one ml1<ht , ·acilltih· in i:.11:irin~ hi., views.

Ju conelu<,iou, I wouW lik,· to quote from ( 'arl IUackm:u1'!-

i

i

1

~

i

" Let Re1lllhlk C'onw"-1 1111011-

•,\,, we start H1-puhlic mon• i1 let us nut ,..jf and 11<11Hln on fht> impontk,rt1ble!- , lA't 11.. no: makt' up our miml, beft>rt' harul tt,at thl' Hcpuhlic of G11):um will mov11 along th,• '-t\ffil' !!rt'~· ro:1•t of n.1,·a.11:i rtl(lublic. ln,tead It>! us say t.o nur~eh-1•, that •r:1·• ~ t>wnt, mu,t not ha1>pen here and lot en•r) 1i·o nr,L aud tll'l·.-111 c1. 1:r.t•n !.t riH' 1o m:1k,• ,... - •:till it •I·-..,.'

Thi,, C:UUU)I l)t' p(l!-o,-ible UJlll',"' WI' llrl' ahlt' to foce th(• ,i:rn1ti«11 ,•·it.ti inunut:ihlt> ruurai:1· :rn•I ,ac'i :flcl' . To tht' ft>w mt>!:'ltlom:mlae~ who thn•atl'n to ,.11.,rupt 1ll'r h:u-mony w,• ;.ay h,•wart·. C. u, ana j., not II nation of 1111t- 111-i111li'>-4,uyanese, h:1rbourini:- the 11J!ima.t,• lwli,•r that th•' ( ' n-01wr:1tiw \t.•puhlic will ht' a ;.1.1c 't"-.'-, t)11e •k"tiny, w,• w;u ',ff thf' bi'fl'r f'!ld or :1 perpf'tuall)' sucre;..,ful (;uy. an:i. .

. 0:n tht- nii:ht of )fay 2G. tOOG, wht-u Guyantt w~, m1ly a few . hour, from hl'Mmlng a 1>nlitic!l.ll) fn>e and im)('peodt>11t natifm, 'IH) werr hap·pil~ a.wai~in~ lhe lowerlni:- of fhl' l ' nion ,J:u k. till' pl3.<·f' or which would lit' t.akt>n by cJny:uia ' s GolrlC'n t\rr'<~,·lw:1cL l am quitr '-.ure that we hud Ix·· gan turning to form··l"' " w ideas tor a Gu)ane-.e future .

Hut whrrl' J.; tliat fut•1rf? Su .

Surely it could ht> f ru in•! in brotht•rl~ co-OJll'rlltlon with thlNl <'Ontpatriot, "hom hi-tn rv h:t, fh.rnwn h) our '-itlt' antl rnr wh ·'lln the lan(l •>f (;u) tllla. i, our h·)'""·

.D O YOV PLJIY GJIMES ?

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MARCH 19i0

THE QUEEN'S COLLEGE LICTOR -

REPUBLIC ISSUE

PAGE 15

The need for a National Identify A ~ational ltieo1ily b at first t hough t, no m,,re Ulan a t,Ophbt ica lt'<I Ult>:lllS u,f l)UI tini; over the id<>a of u ~ 1it.lom1l .l'' ~'lii1~ or t.o b<' ruorc p recis<', de·n,tiou to Ule law,; and ('\lStom.'> ,, f oui>'s l'OIIJ.Jtry. llowen•1-, a non too intricate syst em of a nalys:.ng the two con-

<.11-pt.,, show s th at: (1 ) nation-

al .feeling originates in n s~l-

Ii•· indi, idnal and is oas1!U on

,urue amount <,f re'.t!-Oning anrl 1·,11nrnvu S\.'111:,c; (2) through a J):<) <'hologka J pr()(~.~ invoh ·ing linw, Ult' .N'.Ir. of which one is alwnss l'<>nH·ious, bel'(,wes a .:'\ atonal l d+>ntity of wh k h one is u:,ually only semi<'Olli>CiotLq. T he pa th to Sl)CiOt'l'OOOmic llc,elop:uent is not a strqlght and narrow way but Is

uev~thel('-,8 l)(':scr wit Lt myriads of ,,b,-tnr·le:-,: :1~~1·c,-;in i nl•i;;hbt)urs; cri me ; laek of l'<IUWlu n ica ti.on ; and rc n11li11e: i ultabil ants being chief ohsla-

h·m as such, aad one t>ommon ruo~t nrwll- indt•1)euncn t l'vuulrit.., lmt "hi c·h h; a bit cxll"l.'IUe in t; u~·a na 'i:; case he •·au::,e of the w1ique nuiety of G11l·a11a's people;.;. ~ ow, t h+> lll'vblcu1 is one of racial dU:fcn !n<'<'S and the ::1olullou must bf' i n uniting, i t umst be bmmd 011 onrnes..;. Only a N. I. cau b{• 10

d es affecting- Gurana, und Ute of whirh.. w ould he g reatly reduft"d, if not <'ODl· plNely removed, by the pre,;. ence of a ::-fa tiGnal . Jdoutity.

Th is la<;k of a :S.J . is a probeffects

KELLMJUf, R..M. U&SA

.

·~

The President btalked Into r,,und thf'ln..sE>l-res sta ndinl? ooh is office, -his fa ce us black as ,. fo l'e the- P rt'::Jdent. thunder. No one. d:i.red <leC(>l'·'£!ail C anda," <':till(' two ate. bl$ path. ms ~:sec.i:etary,. unifil'fl ,·ol('("I, 'fbc P r('Side.nt 'Stretdted a n<'.rvy hand, p rei.wd ,faU(Xl to look op. 'I'he second a buttou and flashed on 11 NO ma n took out his 'kerchief Vl'Sl'l'ORS . Si$,'ll. Not a hood a nd ruobl'd his fa<'C , i.e;orou;,Jy, dared raise f rom the long rows t )lP11 ton<·hed the President oo of '.neatly-kept de:;k.,;, The door the ~hGu lder. The Prl'Sident . <•f 'tlis ante-room , swwii; .(J[)C'll rOC(llloo tn scorn, ra isin~ a .magl~~ll.} as bo ' stalked past i:,:toi::my fa<'8 wh ich immcth~ two · armed statu~-Mko · 'd iatoly paloo as it looked l:!i'fltrics, and swuu~ bchintl up Into a ,-Jlencer a nd at t he h im. He threw himself inti) a . chair. sat s taring, C?i.1tltttog.

T hP.n, out of tho ('(;ntortlomi of b is murky fa~ <':tlllO 11. ram

,J

hard-st'T t'aco of the ' oppos.ltlon lPnder. " Gr . ... nruno!" fi tanm1e red the thick, black lips of •· the P1·c_~idl'nt, his eJPS as tar.,gc as . rwo i;au<'Crs. " Come en, put that thlng a.";'ay ". · " 111 a ruinut.e," cqme ·the d loor y t·eply a A , a th in I fijig~r squ<'C'7,e<l gen Ur :iu·d a • fat pUi!lgy hand flew ti) the, Pres ident's hca1·t. " Uto.pia'II _oo· a : better l)lare Withou~ you."

llH' sol11Uo11. .\t Uiis timE'. Guyana's cdut'tltiooa I, litrnuclaJ and other basic situations iue way ahead of its oncuc,;.,, in trrm•.; or {I<.> . n !lopmeut. Hut, as shown be-

Coro some a mouut of r volution is inYoh cd a nu thus unlike the way tlfo Go,·ernment cau tmprorn it'> financlnl I)O!'itlon, the re is but little it can do as rrgard.,:; U1e ~ ati on's lack Gf u'nity. The solution lies ;n t~. The pt·oblem as it is , seems t o haYe its roots In t r adition because each majo1· ra.ce g'l.'OUp WOOts to follow the ways of the ir forefathers and thus different OUynne.se

hav<' tlill'erea t wars o.f life. !liauy Guya nese hnni ·/x.>(m t ryi nA' to SPt><><l up the pt·occ.;:;; of m·olution of a N.1 . by ha ,·ing l ndla u WOlllL'LI wear saris and: rul:'n of Afri<':lll tlcs!'c111, wear Afro sh irt s.. llu t th is rmly sep-

.

1

a n t l~s the l mliau woman from the wcma n of Afr ican tlr»ecnt a ncl the man of Ind ian <)C'SCeut f rom the men of Afrl(",m de.., · scen t. ThuR, two k intls of Guy~ ' nucsc a re further uva1·t and 1 the solution dcfent.-; t\.<i ow• porpoS<'. , vhut the Gove111m~11t can do a bout tlle problem v( tack of unity \Yould be to l'cstrict those arti yitle<', ft.>Stivities, ••tc., which tcud to cmt)hasise the al.l'ea d y too obylou~ tliffe rf'nC<.>'>

between Gu ynua ' i;

six '

pce,plcs. Ju thnt case the gov<.>rnment wo ul<l not bli Cl'eating a ~ .I. but W'Onld only ,be re- ' mo,ing h lodmnces to the grodua1 evolution of a N.I. K , lliLLIOT.

UM:.

·~~Q BE BUT ~NQT . THROlJGH ~ME

sl.cll t

-

a :;lllil<.>. a twisted .

He gra'i.lbed ..bis prl'fft.e 1-eil' • 11hone in oue large gla.lJQY tlst,

1$ID1Je.

..

dialling a single DWl.Lb<'.J;.

All -of us hllve read stories "Ooguwu? Be o, or he re in , Qf the ·military exploits of men two m inutes. of ·other lands. Automatically Ouguwu, head ot the Presiwe, t-endcd to associate ourselves dent's 5e1.:re t police, l>u~ to all . with the he roes and to despise appearijnces, Assistant De\·elthe cowards. Now our courage opment Ufilccr o.ll tbe Unde\'el. f aced wi'th a challenge. And 1s opcd An..-~s or t:IA,pia, kuew i~ is .quite possible that it may l)('ttcr than to tulx latent~ involve military action. If not , with i>resideut UIUJwt, and, ·in actual physical combat orie · and a hai.f minutes litter, against those who would seek to an old bent IlllU1 stood bc(ore deprive us of our territory and Miss A.btola, I.he President's of ·our sense of dignity at least i;ecreta ry. lie r black lips we1:e 1•hc country will be in such ilboUt to form the W-Ords ·xo an ,atmosphere of mil:tary acV1Sl'l'QRS', i!O clearly di& 4vrty that the true colours of played vn the sign, when the · disguised Onguwu rubbed h i s . men will be r evealed. What a lso will -be revealed is that: it i!' bear<l. Ile was Immedi ately ushered into tho prcsc-nce of much, easier to as,ociate ourtbe . Prosidcnt. selves· with comic book and h rs"Ua U Uanda !" he mut tered. torical heroes t..'1an to be heroes ourselves when the time of He sat timidly, prep;lred to l!scell. H is job was to listen, .. testing comes upon us. In my act accordingly, neYt'l' to personal opinion (and I may be

then

arpw.

with the. coast; (al} our frjends, "Not along those lines. To do famicy, future and plans being with, Vene2ltlela." associated with the coast) we · 'Spill it!" consider oursel'V1ls· relJl(>te fr6m "At ll.46 a .m . this rooming the problems of. the interior, as the Veneruela military an Anif, as it were, they are the pro\oko attacked · and completely blcms of another -country. overran the Guyana military Therefore we take refµge and and police outposts at Eterinlare lulled into a fa lse sense of bang. There were no Guyanese security and relief by the f~t icasualties but they all t,~ a man that our friends a.cross the bor.were taken p risoner. The Veder have no contention with the· noes are now fanning outwarils coast b1,1t• with a part of 01.JJ' and overrunning the Essequibo country whlch does not ('()n~ern ; Region. However the Venezueus directly.

Jan Government has issued a Of course, to all iliis gep~ralicommunique declaring that sation, there are exceptions. I their sole interest is in reclaimac tually know one co~ian in · ing ,what is rightfully theirs. parti:cular who is itching to get They were forced, as a last reover yohder by the border. sort; to use force because of the And, no doubt, many of us do stubbornness and unreciprocahave connect.ions with Ui, in:. tive attitude of the GIJ>ranese terior. people. People on the coastlands This d' l be · • u have nothing to fear! ' ia ogu e ~~ ..._ses and m.y!;elf will help to illustrate .

There was a noticeable sigh the lack of acute concern over of relief and - "Uh Huh . You Guyapa's fate. Savour it! · must be pulling my legs." h ard Im<>!tinc me pulling "Hello Moses, hQve you .e -'·' > " • ll'l!S !n the lat . e::.~. ~ "The very latest, Guyana h as .

Thencefor1h !:he conversation already lost the wickef of " drlfted into the pattern of, Come.lius." " wh1:n did you h ear the news, "

wrong. I am quite often) most "Tha t rui.mo pest Bruno's · young people look on at the happenings at Ankoko merely . &Ot to be fixed. H e's eXlp()l,ed ROtOO (Yf the happenirlg at our with academic int.erest:. I also last election, overseas votes and s ospect strongly that since we t he like. Ile damned well knows coastlanders are so bound up too much. Make sure he kee,ps - - - - - -- -- - - - - - - - - - ------.,---:,-it to himself. Such men hinde1· ' the development ot: Utopia.

On~wu's eyebrows ra ised in E.'U rpr1sr, hor ror . lie bad tapped phonf'S, trailed mcu and broken Into homes, but nercr befcre had . h<' l><'en a~l~ned s ueh an immeno;c ta.sk. Por the first time in his life hP J)rotc,-tl'rl. to the Pt·<':>i dcnt.

"But he's the - opposition leader and there's hard ly anyone to :soe<:"Ce<l him I What:'11 we do without a n OJ)()(Hitlc,n ?

After a ll. ..... " '' Arranze an :l<'cid<>nt"' ront inued tl1e P r E><.idcnt's mrt

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vol<'<?, "l><'fore

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(asked in a tone sugges~ve of one remarking on the w~ather) and my pulling his le,zs. I tried the same experiment with several other students and. even a master of the staff, (Oh. did they? he said), and I elicited no reaction whatsoevet of anything like due concern. . The test is at hand for the sons of the soil of Guyana.

There is in most of us an ab• l !;tract not practical patnotism·• We are content to sit idly by and· note developments so long as our r outine of existence is not interrupted. There is in m ost men a li1tle str e~ of (:OWa~dice This, I believe, i9 natural ~d springs froin ·man's instin,ct of self-p't'cseryation.

But surely it should not be t.o the extent that would prompt "my next best friend" io declare that 'he would r ather go to jail than to Ankoko to serve a military term; and my "best" friend threatens to blJ11l h\9 draft card il he was ever Jierved one. ''To be or not to be? " Th.at is the question. If Guyana is to be, it m ust be through us.

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RAIMENT REVOLUTION IS NQW COMPLETE WITH

eONGRESSMAN t J

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IN LONG

SHORT SLEEVES

baH• OnE'

too.''

Ooguwu goc up '· t.1ai1 Uanda !" h t• mutten•d, a11d left.

"That's it" , thought the J'resiuPnt. ·' I'm the Bif! Boy In these parts. .\.in't 11"1.>ody 11i~ge r than mf'". l k ... mil!'ll his wry, t,wi-;11'<1 <srnlh•, tlwn hPut

NATION. AND FOR THE LEADERS,

hJ<., h<>acl to h is de'ik. ·rhc llPX t <hi )'.:, lllWS]HllK'I'" Sl:l'('llll ll I till' UC\\,; t11a 1 lhl' OJ r pf>sitiou l1•:.1tler Br11110 hn!I nwt

GET

APPROVED FOR YOU THE LEADERS, OF T Ol\'.IORROW

tra~i<' l'llll at his houw wlwn hf' ~lip1wct nn a 1-i1e: fral'luriu~ l1is '-Tlinal ,·orcl. :'\o 1,J1uto;::ra J1l,<'N \\ f'l'I! ·tllmn,cl in I )l(l Ii

and I hi' :-I u 11• 111 ,li<'(' wc·rl' ,·ar r)·ln!!; ,,nt 111i11or :rnd n•11tiu1• irnl'sl i;rntl"n", (111::nwu ·rw1<\ th•• nP.wo.: a11'1 o.:1111l1•d lnwa r,11.v. Jlp ~,,t lip, pi(·k1•<l llfl Iii-. r11jvat,, phmi" :inil di:tJ!NI. ''All ::-M". Ir•• j<,lf,•<I, holls<'

/

,r,tt':;1nr·

''f.;,~ y,,u in tPn 111h1ntP:--.".

Twelw• 1olnut~ Inter. t"o m ,,n, one b1mt, appeared before llfl~'I bMrd

•.

ON SALE · A T GOOD STORES THROUGHOUT GUYANA.

A hiola--on<> n1h00d ltl'I

and thcy J-..,th

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TAE QUEEN'S COLLEGE LICTOR -

PAGE. 16

MARCH. 197C

REPUBLIC ISSUE

A page ·of G·uyanese History J498-Christopher Columbus sails along tht- Coast of Gu:ana.

1838-End of Apprenticeship reriod for ex-slaves; Mount Roraima discovered by Sir Robert Schomburgh, arr,;val of the 'Hesperus' with first experimental batch in East Indian Immigrants.

-156 Immigrants from Calcutta. Colony divided by Ordinance into three counties of Demerara. Essequibo and Bernice.

1580-Dutch establish themselves in Essequibo.

1842-Ceorgetown d_eclared a city.

1595-Raleigh visits Guiana.

1844-Queen•s College founded.

(by E . D. Solomon -

advised by Mr. N. K. Robinson)

CHRONOLOGICAL

TABLE.

1600--Dutch settle al Kyk-over-al island.

It847-Construction of Georgetown-Mahaica Railway begun.

First

trial by jury in the Colony.

1617-Raleigh visits Guiana.

1621-Dutch West Ind' a Company is formt-d and takes over Esse- 185 ~-Arrival of the firi;t Chinese lmmigrants-262 men.

1854-62-Sir Philip Wodehouse assumed office to be the only Govquibo trading ports. ernor stoned by a mob in the history of British Guiana.

1627-FOlmdation of the colony of Berbice by Abraham Van Pere.

1866-St. Stanislaus College established- 50 pupils-Very Reverend 1665-Major Scott pillages Essequibo settlements.

Hornynold, S.J., V.G. (Principal).

1674-Dutch West India Company goes bankrupt, new West lnd:a 1870--Ka:et('ur Fall discovered by C. Barrington Brown. End of Company is formed.

Chinese Immigration; Des Voeux Inquiry into Indentured Immigration System.

1689- Berbice is plundered by the F reoch pirate, Du Casse.

1708.-Essequibo is pilJaged by the French buccaneer, Antnony Ferry. 1876-Water Supply System for Georgetown inaugurated.

1732-New charter is granted for colony of Berbice permitting free- 1879-Cold discovered at Akawini Creek, Essequibo. clom of trade and navigation between Holland and Berb:ce.

1884-Rora:ma first ascended by Sir Everard Im Thurn.

1743-Removal of the capital of Essequibo from Kyk-over-a) to Fort 1889-Foundation stone of present St. George's Cathedral--Highest ' Island ; Tnrush ot- English settlers lo new· settlement of Demerwooden building in the world is laid. ara.

1897-Boundary dispute with Venezuela settled by arb:tration; operu17'45- F ort St. Andries built at the junct:on of Berbrce and Canje ing of Demerara-Essequibo Railway.

R ivers; Demera,y thrown open lo settlement.

1913- Visit of Her Majesty Princess Marie Lou·se; Fires-Lombard 1753-Cap"tal of Demerara established al Bor"Selen Island.

Street and Cathedral of Immaculate Concept2on.

1763-Slave Rebellion in Berb:ce on February 21st Jed by Cuffy and 1916--Permanent Sea Defence Works began on East Coast. Visit A tta. On March 28th, the first reinforcement to quell this of Colonel Theodore Rool>eveldt, ex-Pres:dent of the United rebt-l[on arrived by Brigantine '·Betsey" from Suriname.

States to Georgetown.

1!64-Atta, a chief of the rebels captured in the Berbice Slave Rebel- 1920--Visit of the Prince of Wales. lion. Three ch:efs of Carib, Arawak and Acowai Indians who had rendered assistance in the Rebellion were honoured 1928-Change of Constitution. Women given the vote on same tenns ·ij as men. Opening of Government Teachers' T ra:ning Centre. with silver gorgets decorated with the engraved monogram of the West lnd:a Company.

1932-First Government Primary School erected (Broad Street, later Dolphin Government School) Coastal areas divided into· ad1781-Essequibo, Demerara and Berbice captured by the British; m:nistrative districts each with a Distrct Comrniss:oner.

Nucleus of Georgetown laid out by Governor Kingston.

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1782-Surrender of Demerara to the French.

1935-British Guiana Rice Marketing Board is established.

1784-Dutch resumed possession ; Kingston·s town named Stabroek.

1939-Visit of Lord Moyne's Royal Commission of Enquiry. and disturbance at Leonora.

1791-Abolition of the Dutch West India Company.

1796-Second English Invasion Major-General ~'hyte.

the thJ'ee colonies surrender to

1802-They are handed back to the Dutch.

1940--Development and Welfare Act.

.

.

Strikes

Old Age Pensions Bill.

1945-Great Fire-Important section of conunercial centre destroyed.

1946-Census--population 375,819 Science Centre erected.

fast

Georgetown

Domestic

1803--The three colon:es are captured by a British force under ComI950-Members of the W add:ington Constitution Commission arrive. modore Hood and General Grinfield.

195 I-Report of the Constitutional Comm:ssion 1950..51.

1807-Abolition of the Slave Trade by the British Parliament.

181 2-Demerara and Essequibo united.

1953-Waddington Constitution suspended.

1814-The three colonies are fonnaJly handed over to Britain at the 1954-Appointment of Interim Government. end of the Napoleonic Wars.

1957-New elections-People's Progressive Party victorious.

1823-East Coast Slave Insurrection; result of a rumour that 'freedom 1958-Visit of H.R.H. Princess M argaret. had c?me· and was being withheld from the slaves.

1961-Eiecfons under Internal Self-Government Constitution. Pco1824-Death of Reverend John Smith - M~rtyr of Demerara in pie's Progressive Party v:ctorious.

Georgetown gaol.

1962-Widespread disturbances.

1831-The three colonies united and called Brifsh Cuiana. Sir 1964-Elect:ons under Proportional Representative System--Coalition Benjamin D'Urban appointed first Governor. of United Force and People's National Congress form Govern1833-Act of Abolit:.on of Negro Slavery passed by British Parliament. ment.

1965-Successful Independence Conference held at Lancaster House.

1834-Emancipation of 82,830 slaves in Britis.h Guiana. August 1st 1966-Visit of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II and the Duke of -Emancipation Day; beginning of .Apprenticeship period for Edinburgh. ex-slaves.

26th May-Independence Day. 1835-429 Immigrants from Madeira arrive under the 'bounty system' hy which captains of vessels were paid for every labourer 1968-Elections; People's National Congress victor:ous. they introduced.

1969--0pening of Mackenzie Highway-Guyana's first. Acc:dental Death of Gqana's only Governor-General, Sir David Rose.

183 7-Si~ Robert Schomburgh discovers the source of the Essequibo R iver and also the lily 'Victoria Rcgia• in the Berbice River · 1970-23rd February. Institution of the Co-operative Republic of First Mayor and Town Council for Georgetown. ' Guyana.

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Q .O. Ll<:r.I'OR, Printed b7 T he Daily Chronicle, Ltd., 2J/ 24 Main Stretl, Georgetown, for tho Board of Qo\•ernol"l of the Qu~cn':; C'oll•.·;::e of Guyana,

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