Student Portfolio by Dave Derrian

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KAT 1

Sacred Space Definition

Sacred Space is Determined by its funcition.

Church, Mosque, Vihara, Temple, and Meditation Chamber are sacred because people use it to connect to god or even themselves, because God & Human body are sacred in all religion.

Sacred place could be silent or crowded.

Silence are needed in order to find inner peace.

Crowded because it was used as a common ground for Religious event.

Some place could be sacred because of its history.

A certain major religious event happened in it.

Or it might even have a historical religious relic or figure.

Each religion has different rules that they apply on sacred place.

For example : Christian

Muslim Human and animal figures are Prohibited.

Use of Jesus and other statue.

Conclusion : Sacred space are places that is connected to god or something beyond ourselves such as life and death.

Sacred According to Christianity

Sacred places are where we meet something beyond ourselves. They are not always conventionally religious places. I think of the beaches of Normandy, or even many of the battlefields of the Civil War. Men lost their lives in those places; they gave up everything they had, for a cause. It is their very devotion, a devotion to something beyond their individual comforts and their future successes, that has made those bloody places holy. Sacred places are costly places.

According to St. Phillip Cathedral, Cathedral is holy because holy things have happened there. And the buildings know it. Those events and experiences are real; they make a difference. At the Cathedral, people's births have been celebrated, and their deaths have been mourned. At the Cathedral, we have rejoiced in good and boisterous times; and we have been disappointed with pain and betrayal.

In churches, prayers have been offered. Weddings and meals have been offered. Even bitterness and anger have been offered. All those offerings make the actual, physical place holy. The actual physical place has provided the space for our human struggle to meet divine grace.

Since the Christians continued the Jewish practice of reading and explaining scripture, they soon arranged a raised platform, a pulpit, so that people could better hear the speaker.

On another platform stood the bishop's seat, and in front of that, a wooden dining table to hold the bread and wine for the Eucharist. This table came to be called an altar, from the Latin altare, a reminder of the Jewish altar on which sacrifices were offered. The altar became the symbol of Christ, the sacred space in the church that was the center of attention and action.

Sacred According to Muslim

According to Khan Academy, the prophet Muhammad's original house in Medina (in present-day Saudi Arabia) is thought to be the first mosque and probably served as a model for early mosque architecture. It was a mud-brick structure with living quarters on one side of an enclosed rectangular courtyard. Since Muhammad's followers would gather at his home for prayer, the side of the courtyard facing the qibla, or the direction of prayer, included a porch covered by palm branches, which offered shelter from the hot desert sun.

The English word "mosque" denotes a Muslim house of worship. The word evolved from the Arabic term masjid, which means "place of prostration." During prayer, Muslims briefly kneel and touch their foreheads to the ground as a sign of submission (literally, Islam) to the will of God.

The qibla is the direction Muslims face when praying toward the Ka'ba in Mecca. The qibla wall is the wall in a mosque that faces Mecca.

The mihrab is a niche in the qibla wall indicating the direction of Mecca. Because of its importance, it is usually the most ornate part of a mosque, highly decorated and often embellished with inscriptions from the Qur'an.

Everything that has Qur’an inscriptions are categorized as a sacred and holy object, thus the mihrab is one of few sacred aspect of a mosque.

Inscriptions from the Qur'an adorn the interiors and exteriors of mosques, establishing a strong link between scripture and the place of prayer. Mosque decoration almost never includes human or animal forms, which are seen as potentially idolatrous. Instead, geometric, floral, vegetal, and calligraphic designs adorn mosques, symbolically recalling the promise of Paradise.

Dynamic Natural Lighting (East - West) 2 Phase

N

Church of light

Natural Light Duration 2 pm - 5 pm

2 phase dynamic natural lighting, natural lights only effectively illuminates the room from 2pm until 5pm, before and after that time range natural light are ineffective because the opening was located on the west side.

Church Of Light - Tadao Ando

Static No Light Condition

N Rome Underground Catacombs

Static no light condition, underground construction such as roman catacombs does’nt have any opening for lights to enter, the darker place are more sacred because sacred relic and tombs are located deep inside the catacombs.

Rome Underground Catacombs

Static Natural Lighting Ceiling Skylight

N San Giovanni Church - Zermani Studio

Static natural lighting, natural ceiling skylight illuminates hallway from the entrance to the holy altar, skylight didnt change location unlike static natural lighting that moves like spotlight.

San Giovanni Church - Zermani Studio

Static Natural Lighting Ceiling Spotlight

N Sancaklar Moque

Static Natural Lighting, Opening located on the ceiling, constant light illuminating the wall under the opening during daytime without any optical mechanism, the wall that are illuminated are facing qibla.

Sancaklar Mosque - Emre Arolat

Dynamic Natural Wall Lighting (Multiple Minor Surrounding Opening)

N Santa Ana Chapel - e|348 arquitectura

Dynamic Natural Wall Lighting, this category has multiple small opening on surrounding walls, and natural light moves according to the sun;s position.

Santa Ana Chapel - e|348 arquitectura

Dynamic Natural Lighting (Circular)

N Pantheon Rome

Circular Dynamic Natural Lighting, Natural lighting moves circularly like a spotlight through the whole day, at a certain time the light shines upon the holy altar and statue of gods, the cause of this light movement is because the opening was located in the top.

Pantheon - Apollodorus of Damascus

Static Natural Lighting Ceiling Spotlight (Mechanism)

N Matrimandir

Static Natural Lighting, Opening located on the ceiling was mounted with optical mechanism to manipulate sunlight into a constant spotlight that doesnt move when the sun changes location.

Matrimandir - Mirra Alfassa, Roger Anger

Dynamic Natural Lighting (Warm and Cold Hue) 2 Phase

Morning - Noon

Noon - Afternoon

Lor

N La Sagrada Familia

2 phase dynamic natural lighting, Natural light transformed into colored light through stained glass, east side has warm colored glass, and west side is the opposite, morning until noon the room is dominated by warm color, noon until sun down has the opposite hue, it creates unique spatial experience.

La Sagrada Familia - Antoni Gaudi

KAT 2

How Materials Support The Design

The pathway to the praying room are designed to be dark because of the curved path, the material that was used in the walls doesnt reflect lights.

The walls have a unique rugged concrete surface that’s covered with charcoal as the after effect from the building process.

Bruder Klaus Chapel

Praying Room Lightwork

The praying room has the same rugged concrete material covered with charcoal dust, but it has small ventilation holes that also helps light up the room, the walls helps create a darker and more intimate space for praying because it diffuses light.

How Lights Reacts To The Material

The direct sunlight doesnt get reflected but diffused by the walls.

Material and mechanism that enhance sacredness

Heliostat Mirror

Heliostat is controlled by a computer program, which moves a mirror across the sun's path everyday. This mirror projects sunlight into a lens, that projects the single sun ray down on the crystal. To make sure that the ray strikes the crystal exactly in the center.

The optically perfect glass sphere then evenly reflects the projected sunlight to all directions, while the room being dark, this sphere lights it up and become the focus object for meditation.

Glass Sphere

Marble floor reflects light just enough to light up the room while the crystal still remain as the focus object.

Matrimandir

Marble Floor

Light Mechanism

The second optic reflects sunlight into a st beam towards the center of glass sphere.

The first heliostat mirror catches sunlight by following the sun’s movement using a computer program, then reflects it to the second optic

a straight sunlight beam cannot occur natu the time, so it can only happen with the h heliostat, so it stays consistent when there sunlight.

The perfect optical glass then reflects the sunlight to all direction, as a result, it give optical illusion as if the sphere is glowing.

The marble floor then reflects the light tha from the sphere to light up the room.

Carpet doesnt reflect lights, it diffuse light wont be too bright inside the room.

Inner Chamber Floor Plan 1 : 500 Scale

The mechanism only work if it is a massive ro and in this case, matrimandir has a massive in chamber, this create a focus on the glowing sph located on the center of the dark chamber.

The lower chamber used the same directed light that was passed down from the inner chamber glass sphere, but in the lower chamber case, the room is not dark, but the sphere still glows as a focus point.

The water around the glass sphere diffused the light from the sphere so it doesnt reflects to the meditator’s eye.

How Materials Support The Design

Polished marbles are used on the floor of pantheon, it partially reflects light, it gives the shiny polished look which create elegance in the room, some column also use this material.

The sculpture uses concrete, this was intended because concrete material diffuses light, so the sculpture wont be too bright when the direct sunlight sorts it. it would be the opposite case if the used material was reflective or glossy.

Pantheon

How Lights Reacts To The Material

The direct sunlight partially reflected, but mostly diffused.

The direct sunlight diffused by the solid concrete material.

How The Rotating Spotlight Works

This mechanism only works if the building has a high ceiling and broad floor space like pantheon, this also helps to create the elegance of this room.

Lightwork On Room

The walls has small windows covered with opaque material that blocks most of lights, but some are covered with transparent glass, rather than lighting it directly, the opaque material got sorted by light and glows. the glow then lights up the room.

Santa Ana Chapel

Lightwork On Room

The walls uses a matte non reflective material, it is smooth but it does’nt reflect light, the light got diffused. It was designed to create a calm and soothing space, if the walls reflects light, it would be too bright.

How Light Works On Opaque Material

When light passes through opaque material, most of the light got blocked, and the rest got diffused, this creates the illusion as if the material is glowing.

How Lights Work on Sagrada Familia Material Matrimandir Uses Colored Light projected from the stained glass to create unique ambience, that created the feeling of being in somewhere else, a different space.

Each opposing side of the building has different stained glass color, warm and cold.

Sagrada Familia

How Stained Glass Material Works Sunlight are spectrum of rainbow colors combined.

The stained glass works as a filter, even if its a transparent material, only some color out of the spectrum can pass through it.

As a result, the only light color coming out is the color of the stained glass.

This also means the lights coming out from the stained glass are not as much as the sunlight, so it creates a dimmer light, the colder the color, less light passed through.

Light on Materials

The concrete walls then diffused the colored light and created a scattered reflection.

The sunlight passed through the stained glass and filtered other light color than the stained glass color.

Building Material

This chapel uses mirrored glass as exterior wall material, this blocks vision from outside and partially blocks sunlight. this results in reflection of the surroundings and the mirrored glass also reduce heat from sunlight. at night time, the lights from inside are visible from the outside.

Crystal Cathedral

How Mirrored Glass Works

The direct sunlight partially reflected and partially blocked. the room is still bright, and the mirrored glass reduces heat from sunlight.

UTS

MEDITATION CHAMBER DESIGN PROCESS How to achieve sacredness by utilizing Natural Light if the source came from below?

First Off, Dark Space are required in so the light source won’t be outshined by the sunlight from above.

This model was inspired by enclosed lotus flower, the interior is totally dark, uses the dome structure, but the problem is, there is no ventilation, the lotus flower concept was chosen, because it’s a symbol of purity in Buddhist religion.

This model was intended to be more organic, but it fails to fulfill the aesthetic quality, this model achieves the dark space requirement, but it has the same problem with the model above, it has no ventilation.

Second, How to achieve light source from below?

This model achieves the dark space requirement, but the opening on the floor is not enough to acommodate the reflected light from the floor underneath the building.

This model acommodates the dark space requirement, but the light from below helps to create the sacred feeling, but not so effectice, and because of the opening on the floor, the light enters, but also the heat from the refected light.

This model has achieved the desired condition so far, dark space, enough light to create sacred ambiance, small opening means less heat from reflected light, but it is still hot because of the minimum opening for ventilation, and not aestheticly appealing.

Third, Which construction or mechanism are going to be applied?

This mechanism prototype uses reflective material such as aluminium foil on the inside layer of the pipe but it has a rugged surface, but it does’nt reflect light effectively, because the nature of light reaction towards rugged surface, the light got partially diffused instead of fully reflected.

This mechanism prototype also uses reflective material such as aluminium foil on the inside layer of the pipe but it has a smooth surface, as a result, the light got reflected completely, but the bottom end of the pipe is covered with opaque material to create a glowing effect.

This construction uses concrete as its main material, achieve all goals except ventilation, but it is a massive building, thus it would be difficult to build with concrete material, and it does’nt have appealing exterior, and it does’nt have buddhist related concept.

CONCLUSION After few research, requirements that are needed for the desired design are : 1. Effective sunlight projecting system Reflective material option: Aluminium, Heliostat Mirror, Mylar.

Opaque white material difuses light to create glowing effect

2. Sacred Element (Buddhist Concept) Vassa Period

Vassa period are meditation season where Buddhist monks meditates for 3 lunar months in order to purify their mind, body and souls, during vassa period, monks meditate deep inside the forest to be one with the nature.

Reflects ligt from all direction.

Design Concept

In the fast growing cities, in order to meditate on vassa period, it would be difficult and it takes time to reach the nearest forest, so the forest inside a city came up as a meditation spot/chamber.

3. Construction System

Clear Glass

To let sunlight in for tree photosynthesis and shelter from rain, clear glass is chosen.

In order use glass as facade, a light yet steady construction system is needed.

Mirored glass was’nt chosen although tt blocks most of the heat, it also blocks 95% of sunlight according to mirroredglass.com.

Space truss was chosen because it has lots of opening for sunlight to pass through for photosynthesis, effective for glass surface.

Space Truss

Vaśā śaraṇa-da

Vasa Sarana-da means “Vassa Shelter” in sanskirt. This shelter works as a meditation ground for monks and pilgrims. Underneath buddha statue lies light reflector system that project sunlight into the statue to make it glow as a meditation object.

Dave Derrian Sungkono - 01022180014

KAT 3

PROTOTYPE

ADAPTING SAME STRUCTURE INTO DIFFERENT SHAPE, FAILED TO CONVEY THE CONCEPT, AND BECAME TOO BULKY AND STUFFY

EXPLORING NEW SHAPE, ROOM SEPARATION IN ORDER TO CREATE MORE FLEXIBLE DESIGN, ADAPTATION OF THE GREEN CONCEPT AND DARK SPACE FOR THE MEDITATION CHAMBER.

EXPLORING NEW SHAPE, UTILIZING DARK PLACE AS NOTED ON THE CONCEPT, CAME OUT TOO BULKY, STIFF, AND SLIGHTLY OUT OF CONTEXT.

HYBRID OF THE NEW DESIGN AND OLD DESIGN CONCEPT, BUT STILL CAME OUT A LITTLE TOO STIFF, THE CANOPY DIDN'T BLEND IN BECAUSE OF THE RIGID SHAPE, NEEDS ORGANIC SHAPE.

FINAL DESIGN CANOPY HAS AN ORGANIC SHAPED DESIGN, OPEN GREEN SPACE, DARK MEDITATION SPACE, FLEXIBLE MASSING.

CONCEPT BOARD ONE WITH THE NATURE THE BUILDING CONCEPT WAS TO EMBRACE THE QUALITY OF NATURE, BE ONE WITH THE NATURE AND REVITALIZE THE EARTH. INSPIRED BY THE VASSA MEDITATION PERIOD, WHERE MONKS MEDITATE IN THE MIDDLE OF THE FOREST TO BE ONE WITH THE FOREST.

ORGANIC SHAPED GLASS CANOPY TO LET LIGHT IN FOR PLANT PHOTOSYNTHESIS, WHILE PROVIDING RAIN COVER FOR MONKS

TREE BRANCH SHAPED STRUCTURAL SUPPORT COLLUMNS TO IMITATE THE NATURAL SHAPE OF A TREE.

MAJORITY OF BUILDING FACADE USES GLASS TO ALLOW MORE VISION ON THE SURROUNDING, GIVING MORE VIEW ON THE VEGETATION AROUND THE SITE.

MEDITATION CHAMBER BUDDHA LIGHTS THE PATH TO SALVATION

THE MEDITATION CHAMBER UTILIZE LIGHT REFLECTING TUBE TO REFLECT NATURAL LIGHT INTO THE BUDDHA STATUE AS A FOCUS POINT IN THE DARK ROOM.

SITE ANALYSIS BLOCK PLAN

LOCATION

TANGERANG

GADING SERPONG

ZONING

TRAFFIC

RESIDENCE

CAMPUS (UMN)

APARTMENTS

HOTELS

BUSINESS

HOSPITAL

NOISE

HEAVY

NORMAL

VEGETATION

SITE

SCIENTIA COMPLEX

CROWD CONCENTRATION

LIGHT

CROWDED

>30M

VIEW FROM SITE

QUITE

BUILDING HEIGHTS

HIGH RISE

MOSTLY TRANSPORTATION NOISE

NORMAL

MID RISE

<20M

LOW RISE

<10M

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2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

Pos Satpam Parking space Lobby Dharmasthala Toilet Meditation Chamber Multi Purpose Room Toilet Kuti Toilet Kulti Pantry / Service Janitor Bedroom Toilet

N

8 9 7

10

4

11 12 13

6 5 3

2

1

UAS

Design Board

Background Urban Sprawl adalah penyebab mengurangnya area hijau di perkotaan, dan pada daerah perkotaan semakin padat, bangunan semakin massive, sehingga daerah urban dapat dihubungkan dengan perasaan stress dan sesak.

Dalam ritual Buddhist, ada masa meditasi bernama Vassa, pada masa ini, biksu maupun penganut agama bermeditasi di hutan agar lebih tenang dan menyatu dengan alam, namun pada jaman ini, itu sulit dilakukan, dan ini menjadi esensi yang hilang, yaitu masa vasa. dimana kita menyatu dengan alam.

Design Idea: Parameters

HOW TO FIX THE MISSING ESSENCE?

Bagaimana Jika Vihara Menyatu Dengan Alam.

Organic & Fluid Form

Organic & Fluid Form �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� ��� ��� ��� ���

Bentuk Menyerupai alam, seperti canopy yang fluid seperti air, dan kolom support seperti ranting pohon, serta banyaknya vegetasi pada site.

Final Design

The Question Is :

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!"#$%#"&"'"()" A shelter for those who seeks peace in bhavana

Pencahayaan 1

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Sirkulasi di site bebas, orang bisa menjelajah kemana saja, sama seperti di hutan atau alam bebas, dimana kita bisa bebas kemana saja.

Vihara ini merupakan vihara yang menyatu dengan alam, bertujuan untuk mengembalikan makna dan esensi dari masa vasa itu sendiri, dimana orang bebas berkeliaran di hutan, meditasi, dan menyatu dengan alam.

Biksu dan pengujung bebas mengelilingi site yang menyerupai taman atau hutan miniatur tanpa takut terguyur hujan saat masa meditasi vasa di musim hujan, karena dilindungi oleh canopy yang melindungi daerah sirkulasi dari hujan, dan tetap membiarkan cahaya masuk untuk fotosintesis.

Pencahayaan dimaksimalkan alami seperti di hutan, tanpa artificial lighting jika tidak terlalu butuh.

Meditation Chamber Cahaya pada meditation chamber minim, namun sesuai dengan fungsinya sebagai tempat meditasi, sumber pencahayaan ruang ini hanya berasal dari patung buddha yang bersinar, yang bertujuan sebagai pusat objek fokus meditasi, patung ini bersinar karena pantulan cahaya matahari yang diteruskan dari pipa pemantul cahaya.

GAMBAR KERJA

Table Of Contents

Block & Site Plan Floor Plans Exploded Axonometric Prespective Site Views Site Sections DTP Ruang Sakral Principal Section

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Dave Derrian Sungkono - 01022180014

Block & Site Plan

N

Block Plan 1 : 200

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

Pos Satpam Parking space Lobby Dharmasthala Toilet Meditation Chamber Multi Purpose Room Toilet Kuti Toilet Kulti Pantry / Service Janitor Bedroom Toilet

8 +0.08

+0.08

9

+0.35

+0.33

+0.10

10

4

11

+0.10

+0.10 +0.12

+0.10

12 13

6 -1.00

+0.08

5 +0.08

+0.10

3

+0.10

2

+0.10

1

Site Plan 1 : 100

7

N

Floor Plans

307 cm

Bathroom +0.08

600 cm

815 cm

257 cm

Bathroom +0.08

600 cm

Bathroom Kuti +0.35

200 cm

407 cm

1st Floor

123 cm

Bedroom Kuti +0.35

Multi Purpose Room +0.10

223 cm

1884 cm

Bathroom Janitor +0.10 180 cm

Bathroom +0.08

Meditation Chamber -1.00

1200 cm

265 cm

cm

Bedroom Janitor +0.12

Dharmasthala +0.10

1233

300 cm

400 cm

800 cm 800 cm

Pantry +0.10

Bathroom +0.08

1770 cm

517 cm

2nd Floor Kuti Bedroom Kuti +3.65 Bathroom Kuti +3.63

N

Exploded Axonometric

Steel Framed Glass

Vegetation Covered Concrete Wall

MPR Bathroom Concrete Wall

Concrete

Multi Purpose Room

Wooden Wall

Wooden Floor

Monk Bed & Bathroom

Meditation Chamber

Concrete Wall & Floor

Dharmasthala

Wooden Floor

Bathroom

Concrete Wall

Pantry

Wooden Floor Dropoff / Lobby

Concrete Floor

Janitor bed & Bathroom

Concrete Wall

Glass Security Post

Concrete Wall & Floor

Exploded Axonometric 1 : 100

Prespective

Exterior Prespective

Interior Prespective

Site View

Steel Column

300 cm

992 cm

Glass

3800 cm 200 cm

255 cm

1770cm

517 cm

Concrete

2825 cm Concrete Wall Covered With Vegetation

Wooden Column

Glass Concrete

Sections

Multi Purpose Room +0.10

Meditation Chamber -1.00

Janitor Bed- Janitor room Bathroom +0.10 +0.12

Dharmasthala +0.10 Meditation Chamber -1.00

Site View

800 cm A

800 cm

B

Meditation Chamber -1.00

cm 1233

1200 cm

Meditation Chamber -1.00

Concrete Interior

Meditation Chamber -1.00

517 cm C

1200 cm

250 cm

240 cm

240 cm

250 cm

D

Vegetation

517 cm

Principal Section

Steel Beam

Reinforced concrete footing

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