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OF THE WORLD ISSUE 1 September 2010

FOOTBALL Freedom’s Blaring Horn How Soccer Explains The World The Game Of Life

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OF THE WORLD

CONTENTS

Directory

Editorial

Editor Nandini Murali

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MEET THE TEAM Our colaborators around the globe

COVER STORY Freedom’s Blaring Horn

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Interview

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Profile

How Soccer Explains the World

Johan Cruyff

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Feature

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News

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Sub-Editor Ezhil Elango Coordinator Joel Powell Reporters and Designers: Alina Emrich Daniel Michel Daniel Stowischek Dorett Odoni Marie-Laure Bonifassi Marie-Charlotte Cros Nigel Moffiet

Contact: editor@timesofmadurai.org TIMES OF MADURAI N°7, T.P.K Road Pasumalai Madurai – 625004 Tamil Nadu India Cover Photo: Marie-Charlotte Cross

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Gallery

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Hints and tips Online Witing Tips

Page Layout: Alina Emrich © Voices of the World, published by Projects Abroad, 2010 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise—without prior written permission of Projects Abroad. Views and opinions expressed in Voices of the World are not necessarily those of Projects Abroad. The publisher can accept no liability or loss in connection with the contents of the publication.

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Mircea Samoila Editor

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Meet the team

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DIANE BARON / FRANCE IN GUADALAJARA, MEXICO Diane Baron is studying journalism in Paris. She devotes her life to sports, hugs and hot chocolate, and is determined to marry a well-built rugby player.

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DIANE BARON / FRANCE IN GUADALAJARA, MEXICO Diane Baron is studying journalism in Paris. She devotes her life to sports, hugs and hot chocolate, and is determined to marry a well-built rugby player.

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DIANE BARON / FRANCE IN GUADALAJARA, MEXICO Diane Baron is studying journalism in Paris. She devotes her life to sports, hugs and hot chocolate, and is determined to marry a well-built rugby player.

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DIANE BARON / FRANCE IN GUADALAJARA, MEXICO Diane Baron is studying journalism in Paris. She devotes her life to sports, hugs and hot chocolate, and is determined to marry a well-built rugby player.

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DIANE BARON / FRANCE IN GUADALAJARA, MEXICO

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Diane Baron is studying journalism in Paris. She devotes her life to sports, hugs and hot chocolate, and is determined to marry a well-built rugby player.

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DIANE BARON / FRANCE IN GUADALAJARA, MEXICO

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DIANE BARON / FRANCE IN GUADALAJARA, MEXICO

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Diane Baron is studying journalism in Paris. She devotes her life to sports, hugs and hot chocolate, and is determined to marry a well-built rugby player.

Diane Baron is studying journalism in Paris. She devotes her life to sports, hugs and hot chocolate, and is determined to marry a well-built rugby player.

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DIANE BARON / FRANCE IN GUADALAJARA, MEXICO Diane Baron is studying journalism in Paris. She devotes her life to sports, hugs and hot chocolate, and is determined to marry a well-built rugby player.

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DIANE BARON / FRANCE IN GUADALAJARA, MEXICO Diane Baron is studying journalism in Paris. She devotes her life to sports, hugs and hot chocolate, and is determined to marry a well-built rugby player.

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DIANE BARON / FRANCE IN GUADALAJARA, MEXICO Diane Baron is studying journalism in Paris. She devotes her life to sports, hugs and hot chocolate, and is determined to marry a well-built rugby player.

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DIANE BARON / FRANCE IN GUADALAJARA, MEXICO Diane Baron is studying journalism in Paris. She devotes her life to sports, hugs and hot chocolate, and is determined to marry a well-built rugby player.

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DIANE BARON / FRANCE IN GUADALAJARA, MEXICO Diane Baron is studying journalism in Paris. She devotes her life to sports, hugs and hot chocolate, and is determined to marry a well-built rugby player.

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Text by Fulano de Tal › in Cape Town, SA

GALLERY COVER STORY

Photos by Fulano de Tal › in Cape Town, SA

Freedom’s Blaring Horn A NATION’S MIRACULOUS (IF INCOMPLETE) HEALING, OF AFRICAN DIGNITY.

They want to fastforward life as if it were a gadget. You don’t erase the effects of a halfcentury of apartheid in a generation.

WHEN ASSESSING NATIONS, there are statistics and then there are the intangibles.

Inflation and unemployment don’t tell you much about patriotism, optimism and the sense of shared identity that make or break societies. South Africa is a case in point.

I spent part of my childhood in a South Africa that marked my imagination because it combined light and shadow as no other place: a succession of sunlit afternoons in gardens of avocado trees and jacaranda punctuated — as you drove from one barbecue to the next — by glimpses of ragged blacks being herded into police vans.

“I supposed they don’t have their passes,” some relative would mutter and the mind of a London-born child of South African parents would wrestle with what that meant. Gradually the white supremacist apartheid system came into focus.

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COVER STORY FREEDOM’S BLARING HORN

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million people are H.I.V. positive, and where unemployment runs at 25 percent. High walls — and 300,000 private security guards — testify to high murder rates.

To all of which I say: People have unrealistic expectations. They want to fast-forward life as if it were a gadget. You don’t erase the effects of a half-century of apartheid in a generation. “Non-racialism” — President Jacob Zuma’s commitment — is not the state in which South Africa lives, any more than the United States does.

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It was about denial — of skills to blacks, of mobility to blacks, of a living wage to blacks, of the very humanity of blacks. In the mind of the Afrikaner, with its Biblical justifications for oppression masquerading as separateness, the black majority was good only to be “hewers of wood and drawers of water” — if that.

This South Africa of my youth saw the world as “anti-T.W.O.L.” — a silly acronym for a so-called traditional way of life. Among these “traditions” was branding inter-racial sex a crime. Cataclysm always loomed. The imagined bloody end of an unsustainable system was not the subject of small talk but a lurking specter.

And here we are, two decades after

I know I might get killed in the course of a robbery, not because I’m white, not because they hate me, but because there’s poverty. I’m a patriot in the end. I love this country’s beauty.

Nelson Mandela walked out of captivity, in a South Africa hosting the most-watched sporting event on earth, the World Cup, and doing so in a spirit of unity that has blacks and whites alike draped in flags, blaring on the plastic horns known as vuvuzelas, and rooting for the “Bafana Bafana” — the boys.

The team is mediocre. South Africa will probably become the first host nation ever to fail to qualify for the second round. That would be sad but in the end immaterial. This particular World Cup is political.

Still, what I see is grandeur: a country of 49 million people, 38.7 million of them black, 4.5 million of them white, the rest mixed-race or Asian, that has held together and shunned Zimbabwean unraveling or Congolese implosion. Do not underestimate the South African achievement.

It is an affirmation of a nation’s miraculous (if incomplete) healing, of African dignity, and of a continent that deserves better than those tired images of violence and disease.

I sat this week in a packed stadium in the capital, Pretoria, as a vuvuzela crescendo greeted the Bafana and a white woman led 11 black kids — team mascots — onto the pitch. The horns fell silent for the Uruguayan national anthem.

When South Africa lost 0-3, the response was dignified, peaceful: the intangibles of nationhood.

“The country is going to the dogs,” — I still hear it as I heard it long ago in different guise. What did I say about statistics? There are plenty of them.

Let’s talk vuvuzela for a moment.

Players have complained. Facebook pages are dedicated to banning it.

Ear plugs are selling briskly among European fans. Intolerable horns!

This is still a country where only 60 percent of dwellings have flush toilets, where an estimated 6

I have news for the discomfited: This is actually Africa. The horn sounds to summon. From the kudu

After one weekend Europe wants to ban the vuvuzela — if only they’d acted this fast when banning slavery!

horn made from the spiral-horned antler to the plastic horn is not such a great distance.

The vuvuzela carries powerful symbolism. Rugby, the traditional sporting stronghold of the white Afrikaner, has shunned it. Soccer, dominated by blacks, has embraced it. Yet today Afrikaners flock into black Soweto to watch rugby and whites and blacks both carry their vuvuzelas into World Cup games.

I’m sorry, French players will have to suffer their headaches: these are not minor political miracles. As one comic here tweeted: “After one weekend Europe wants to ban the vuvuzela — if only they’d acted this

fast when banning slavery!”

The other day I was talking to a distant relative, an economist named Andrew Levy. He said: “I don’t fear for my life, and that’s the miracle of South Africa. I say hello to a black in the street and he’ll say hello to me in a friendly way. I know I might get killed in the course of a robbery, not because I’m white, not because they hate me, but because there’s poverty. I’m a patriot in the end. I love this country’s beauty.

And when I see the unity and good will the World Cup has created, I believe we can succeed.”

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Text by Fulano de Tal › in Cape Town, SA

GALLERY INTERVIEW

Photos by Fulano de Tal › in Cape Town, SA

movies corrupting the rest of the world, which is no doubt true, but it’s a richer, more complicated phenomenon than that. ›BP: What do you think it is about soccer that makes it such a natural forum for political and social conflicts to play out?

How Soccer Explains the World

FEMALE SOCCER FANS IN IRAN chuck aside the hijab to celebrate the national team’s victory halfway across the globe.

Brazilian managers swindle American corporations abroad and exploit their own players at home.

Undisciplined soccer stars from Nigeria are sold to Ukrainian teams and forced to adapt to chess-like coaching strategies in the dead of winter.

An interview with Franklin Foer

Globalization never seems so vivid as when seen through the eyes of a soccer fan. In his new book, How Soccer Explains the World: An Unlikely Theory of Globalization, Franklin Foer looks at the passions and rivalries embedded in soccer, and comes up with some surprising theories about our ever-shrinking world.

Critics of globalization have long worried that the spread of a global consumerism would wipe out local cultures and homogenize the entire world. But after a decade of observing the soccer phenomenon, Foer found something quite different going on: “I kept noticing the ways that globalization had failed to diminish the game’s local cultures, local blood feuds, even local corruption.”

At the same time, soccer is about more than mere tribalism. The sport, as Foer notes, is “further along in the globalization game than any other economy on the planet.” As such, soccer offers insight into, among other things, why multinational corporations fail to alleviate poverty; how religious fundamentalism can be undermined; and how nationalism can emerge in a more enlightened form.

Foer, who is a staff writer at The New Republic, recently sat down with us to talk about how soccer really does explain the world.

Foer, is a staff writer at The New Republic Magazine.

You’re no longer just born into who you are, you get to choose it, and it can get sold to you by corporations.”

›BRADFORD PLUMER: What are some of the big differences between studying globalization through soccer versus looking purely at political and economic institutions?

it in a way that makes it seem so impersonal. But globalization really is a concrete, fundamental fact in everybody’s lives, and you really see that come to life in soccer stadiums.

›FRANKLIN FOER: Most of the time the concept of globalization ends up sounding unnecessarily abstruse -even the name itself sounds clunky and highfalutin. And people discuss

I also think that popular culture gets neglected in each of these debates, or only superficially treated -- you’ll hear about David Hasselhoff and Hollywood

›FF: Compare European soccer with American sporting teams.

Our teams represent such broad geographic areas, and don’t really represent anything local. What truly differentiates a Yankees from a Mets fan? I’m not sure. But in Buenos Aires, everyone knows what separates a Boca Juniors fan from a River Plate fan -- there’s a stark difference in class. Buenos Aires has something like eight different teams, so each team represents a distinct neighborhood, and when you represent something that local, you’re representing very particular identities -- class, ethnicity. ›BP: It also seems that some clubs, like Barcelona in Spain, function almost as what Marxists might call “harmless” venues for fans to express their frustrations towards their government. ›FF: Sure. Barca is sort of this opiate of the masses -- during the Franco dictatorship, it was a harmless outlet for Catalans to vent against the regime.

At the same time, Barca, which is my favorite team, also represents something more than a mere distraction. I think it represents a healthy vision for what a nation should look like and how it should behave. We were talking about the sociology of the game; well, Barca is a team that genuinely manages to transcend class. You go to games and you see fat bourgeois guys with cigars sitting next to

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INTERVIEW HOW SOCCER EXPLAINS THE WORLD

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street cleaners. There’s this vision of what a liberal society should look like that’s embedded in the concept of the team and the Catalan nationalism it represents. ›BP: But Barca seems to spring up out of a very unique historical situation. Could that sort of “liberal nationalism” really be replicated elsewhere? ›FF: Well, there are moments where it is replicated elsewhere.

When France won the World Cup in 1998, the ensuing celebration was, in part, a celebration of the new multicultural France. The team included players of Algerian descent, immigrants from West Africa, immigrants from Eastern Europe, and so there was a way in which victory was able to transform the old chauvinistic idea of French nationalism into something wonderfully multicultural. ›BP: Hasn’t soccer always, to some extent, been international, even

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Of course, there is a way in which soccer also allows people to transition through major changes in their own lives. As their world gets turned upside down by globalization, being able to cling to something local and familiar and traditional really does help. before the ‘90s? ›FF: Sure. There have always been examples of famous players going abroad. Alfredo di Stefano, the great Real Madrid player came from Argentina, and Real Madrid also had Ferenc Puskas, who came all the way across the Iron Curtain from Hungary. So globalization in the game pretty much existed from the start. In fact, the game wouldn’t

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have existed without globalization.

It was spread informally through the British Empire -- British railway workers took the game to Argentina when they were trying to build railroads there, and British oil workers took the game to Iran when they were trying to tap the country for oil.

But in the ‘90s someone stomped

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on the accelerator. Globalization as an idea acquired so much cachet that it started to change reality. ›BP: Speaking of Iran, at the beginning of your book you write that “soccer is often more deeply felt than religion.” Later on, you have an anecdote in which Iranian women defy an ayatollah’s fatwa in order to attend a soccer game.

Do you think soccer can act as a catalyst for change in the Middle East? ›FF: In the book I talk about how the “football revolution” holds the key to the Middle East. It’s a line that I meant to be pretty tongue-in-cheek, and a lot people have treated more seriously than I intended.

But the relationship between globalization and the Middle East is such an interesting and conflicted one. I think that globalization is partly responsible for the spread of the hostile, radical forms of Islam.

People are drawn to radical Islam

because they feel their traditional ways of life threatened by the influx of KFC and Hollywood movies and the like. On the other hand, there is a way in which globalization has the potential to be a liberating force as well, because ultimately there is a freedom embedded in some of these imports. Take David Beckham. He changes his hair every two weeks, and to us that looks ridiculous, a cheap marketing gimmick. But if you’re in Iran and you’re reading the sports paper and you see David Beckham’s hairstyle change -- there’s a certain freedom inherent in seeing that.

The other way in which I think the game is potentially significant for the Middle East lies with the very old concept of “secular nationhood”. Soccer is one of the few places where that concept still lives on and thrives. I don’t think it’s a coincidence that, when the Iranian team plays a World Cup game, people take to the streets and shout very political, anti-regime slogans

against the ruling clerics, because the secular nationalist impulse has been stirred by the soccer team. ›BP: With that nationalism, though, comes a lot of the ugly racism, sectarianism, and xenophobia that infect soccer. Do you see this changing anytime soon? ›FF: I don’t see tribalism ever really disappearing entirely. I just think that people are almost hardwired to identify as groups. And that sort of group identity always runs the risk of being chauvinistic.

Of course, there is a way in which soccer also allows people to transition through major changes in their own lives. As their world gets turned upside down by globalization, being able to cling to something local and familiar and traditional really does help. ›BP: You discuss that with regard to the Celtic-Rangers rivalry in Glasgow. Economic globalization

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›BP: Your book also discusses soccer in the U.S. If I understand you right, you think soccer has become a sort of scapegoat for those who are trying to resist the encroachment of globalization into the U.S. ›FF: As a fan of the game, you constantly confront people who shit all over it. You go to work and the guy in the next cubicle tells you how it’s a pinko, homosexual game. If you turn on sports radio, you hear guys like Jim Rome jump all over it. So why is there such hostility towards the game

›FF: One of the striking things about that ugly rivalry, between the Protestant club and the Catholic club, is that it takes place in Scotland, which, to an American, looks like the ultimate global city -- it’s advanced, it’s capitalist, it’s Western. But sectarian hatred still exists all over the place and it continues to be expressed in a very crude way. It’s really unsettling to stand in a stadium with 7,000 Catholics and [to hear] 40,000 Protestants singing about being up

›BP: So if soccer were to overtake baseball as America’s national sport, do you think it would change the cultural makeup of this country?

Would we see the rise of some sort of regionalism?

On the other hand, there is an interesting twist here. When Major League Soccer was originally established, part of the marketing scheme involved bringing in players whose ethnicity appealed to local

The Wal-Marts and the McDonalds’ of the soccer world are Real Madrid and Manchester United, who make it their explicit aim to pry fans away from their local allegiances.

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basically swept away discrimination against Catholics, but many of the city’s Protestants never got a chance to adapt emotionally to the change. So their support for Rangers has become a means for venting a sort of lingering Catholic hatred.

way to another set of ideas coming in from abroad, especially from Europe.

to their knees in Fenian blood.

tribalism definitely freaks me out.

And what ultimately makes it such a disturbing parable is that it highlights the ways in which multinational capitalism can make such peace with the tribalism.

These corporations find ways to exploit tribalism to make a buck, rather than trying to snuff it out.

So you have Nike selling orange jerseys to the fans at Rangers games. In any other context an orange jersey would be harmless, but in the context of this rivalry it alludes back to King William of Orange and the re-conquest of the monarchy from the Catholics.

They know it’s an extremely inflammatory symbol. Yet Nike puts a swoosh on it and sells it because they know a lot of people will buy it.

This phenomenon of commodified

›BP: At the beginning of your book, you write down two important questions that you hoped to explore by looking at soccer. The first is, “Why have some nations remained poor, even though they had so much foreign investment coursing through them?” ›FF: Well, the Wal-Marts and the McDonalds’ of the soccer world are Real Madrid and Manchester United, who make it their explicit aim to pry fans away from their local allegiances. What I found is that these mega-clubs have had some success but not nearly as much success as you’d imagine.

Local culture, people’s histories and traditions, are so much more deeply rooted than even globalization’s

greatest proponents are willing to acknowledge. ›BP: It seems like Europe doesn’t have the sort of bandwagon fans that we have here. ›FF: Right, and I think that’s part of what drew me to the game. As a kid I would watch the World Cup and I would see people singing and celebrating goals and there was something so authentic about the connection between fans and teams. They didn’t need a scoreboard telling them how to react to a play, they didn’t need a mascot jumping up and down.

I just think that American fans, for better or worse, just aren’t as authentically connected to their teams.

here? Interestingly enough, reading through the clips and the transcripts, it seems like there’s a direct correlation between soccerhaters and baseball fans.

Baseball, of course, is the ultimate American tradition. And baseball fans face one fundamental fact: their game is in decline. Little kids don’t play it anymore, because they’re switching from Little League to soccer. So the reason it’s a small touchtone in the culture war is that there’s some anxiety over baseball’s decline, to some extent.

Soccer is obviously being imported into the country as a product of globalization. And this is, I think, a lot of what the culture war is about: traditional American values giving

fans. The Chicago team brought in Polish and Eastern European players to appeal to its fans of Polish and Eastern European descent. D.C. United, my home team, had players brought in from Central America explicitly to appeal to Central Americans in the city.

But blunting that is going to be the traditional American way of thinking about ethnicity, which is always of two minds. People talk pretty loudly about their ethnic identity and identity politics, but at the end of the day they don’t mean it in that big of a way, in the way that Europeans mean it and live it. It’s almost too easy in this country to assimilate to really be tribalistic in a European sort of way.

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Text by Fulano de Tal › in Cape Town, SA

PROFILE

Photos by Fulano de Tal › in Cape Town, SA

Johan Cruyff A TRUE DUTCH MASTER

Football is simple, you’re either on time, or you’re too late. If you’re too late then you have to leave earlier.

A TRAGEDY OF THE HISTORY OF THE WORLD CUP is Johan Cruyff’s participation in just one finals tournament. A visionary thinker, Cruyff’s impact on Dutch football is such that he is credited with spearheading (possibly even inventing) the style of ‘Total Football’ that saw him win a host of honours in the late 60s and early 70s, but his appearance in what has been termed ‘The Lost Final’ in 1974 was, sadly, his single appearance at football’s showpiece event.

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PROFILE Johan Cruyff

PERSONAL INFO

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LAST NAME FIRST NAME DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH NICKNAMES CLUBS

Cruijff Hendrik Johannes April 25th 1947 Amsterdam Jopie, Number 14, El Salvador Ajax, FC Barcelona, Los Angeles Aztecs, Washington Diplomats, Levante, Feyenoord

INTERNATIONAL GAMES

48 (33 goals, 34 times captain)

FAVORITE TRAINER

Rinus Michels

FAVORITE PLAYERS

Alfredo di Stefano and Faas Wilkes

FAVORITE STADIUM

Camp Nou in Barcelona

FAVORITE MATCH

Ajax - Liverpool, de famous fog match (December 7th 1966)

HOLIDAY FOOD

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Spain, the mountains in winter and the sun in summer I eat everything. I love fish, but I also love marrowfat peas with lard or stew. I am very easy

DRINK

Spanish red wine

COLOR

red

WRITER

I read all kinds of things. Especially detective novels.

Robert Ludlum, Frederick Forsyth, relaxing reading.

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MUSIC

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Nat King Cole. Beatles. Quiet music. Laurens van Rooijen.

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Vincent van Gogh and all naïve art.

The Godfather

ARCHITECT

Gaudi

HAPPINESS

family life

FEAR OF FAILURE UNCERTAINTY

I do not have it.

You do not know the final standing, but you must never be influenced by that.

SHAPE COURAGE

Does not exist. You are in control of that.

Necessary to succeed. People who take the initiative have the most succes.

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As the model for an entire generation, Cruyff’s artistry led the way for an entirely new breed of footballer and changed the philosophy of the game from its very root. His career was never one to follow an established path - as he showed with his attitude to sponsors, fellow team-mates and authority over the years - but in the collective spirit of the Dutch system, he provided the injection of individualism that it needed to succeed.

As a youngster, Cruyff was brought through the youth ranks at Ajax Amsterdam and made his debut for the club at the age of 17. He immediately began directing traffic. A skinny kid, with incredible stamina, Cruyff’s understanding of space (even at that early stage) was apparent. It has been the subject of many books, but the movement,

It’s better to fail with your own vision rather than following another man’s vision. speed and grace with which the midfielder moved the ball around was something to behold and his creative talent was at the heart of all that was good about Ajax.

In helping change the very essence of the game, Cruyff accumulated a host of personal honours, chief among them his eight Eredivisie titles, three back-to-back European Cups from 1971-73 and three European Player of the Season trophies in four seasons from 197174. He invented the ‘Cruyff Turn’ - a move which confused the most accomplished of defenders - and then forged a successful career as a manager with both Ajax and

Barcelona before eventually retiring from the game completely in 1996.

The one glaring omission from Cruyff’s CV is on the international stage. That most likely still gives the great man nightmares to this day.

Having burst onto the scene in 1964 with his club, Holland’s failure to qualify for the 1966 World Cup in England ensured that Cruyff would not make his international bow until after the tournament had finished. He made his debut against Hungary, and was sent off in only his second game for his country against Czechoslovakia,

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PROFILE Johan Cruyff

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1947

1970

1972

1973

1974

1978

1988

2008

2009

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to join Michels at Barcelona in 1973) was the focal point as the side headed to West Germany.

West Germany and many assumed that, thanks to their attacking style, he would end the tournament with the trophy.

Cruyff Through Time

Little by little you have to teach the United States that this is the best game in the world. but qualifying defeats to Poland and Bulgaria in 1970, meant that the Dutch would have to wait for a further four years for their chance to unleash him at a World Cup. Up until 1970, Holland’s international record was not far away from that of Poland in terms of appearances at major tournaments (their last being in 1938).

However, by the time 1974 rolled around, the impact of Cryuff and Rinus Michels in bringing ‘Total Football’ to the world had made the Dutch one of the favourites to lift the trophy.

With a host of players from his days at Ajax, including Johan Neeskens, Ruud Krol and Johnny Rep at his disposal, Holland’s new coach Michels made the changes at international level that he had successfully managed domestically and it brought immediate success. Although they netted nine against Norway and eight against Iceland, to showcase their skills in the qualifiers, the Dutch still needed a lucky break to get them to the tournament as Belgium’s Jan Verheyen had a goal incorrectly ruled out for offside in the dying seconds of their final game which would have seen Michels’ side forced to miss out once again. However, luck was on their side and Cruyff (who had left Ajax

Two weeks before the tournament, the Dutch lost 2-0 to a Second Division German side, but in their final friendly they hammered Argentina 4-1 in a friendly to restore confidence. The opening game of the tournament provided signs that Cruyff ‘s mission to ingrain his attacking instincts would serve his country well and, up against the ultra-defensive Uruguayans, they won 2-0 (although it could have easily have been six).

The side bounced back from a disappointing 0-0 draw with Sweden in the next game to demolish Bulgaria 4-1 and progress to the next round, with Cruyff coming into his own in a group that featured Brazil, Argentina and East Germany. Scoring twice against Argentina in a 4-0 win, the midfielder baffled his opponents to such an extent that they were forced to resort to flagrant fouling to keep the score respectable. They simply could not handle the fluid attacking movements of the Dutch.

In the final group game, up against a tough, abrasive Brazil side virtually unrecognisable from the 1970 World Cup vintage of Pele and Tostao, Cruyff once again proved the difference as he sealed a 2-0 win after the Dutch had, uncharacteristically, been dominated in the opening exchanges. He would lead Holland into their first major final to face European champions

However, despite the fact that the Germans could consider themselves lucky to be in the final after a particularly poor run that saw them booed by their own fans, the side led by talismanic defender Franz Beckebauer walked away with the prize having turned around a 1-0 deficit.

Despite the 2-1 defeat, the ‘Lost Final’ (as it is described in Holland) can be considered one of the best and also one of the worst moments of Cruyff’s career.

Having maintained that: ‘’There is no better medal than being acclaimed for your style,’’ the opening passing movements - in which the Dutch passed the ball for over a minute before Cruyff took control, running at the German defence and beating three men before winning a penalty - would have filled the master with great joy.

His vision had come true; the move was the zenith of ‘Total Football’ on the international stage and Cruyff was at its helm.

But it could not last. Instead of going for the jugular, the claims of arrogance that had followed ‘Total Football’s’ evolution came to the fore as Holland passed the ball around, showing their technical superiority, but failing to kill off their opponents. Cruyff and Rep combined to miss a chance to kill off the game and, after a penalty scored by Paul Breitner, the Germans took control thanks to some effective man-marking from Berti Vogts in the midfield - eventually holding firm from the 43rd minute after Gerd Muller struck the winning goal.

For Cruyff it would be his last major final on the international scene. The dream of lifting the World Cup by playing the most exciting brand of football ever played had died, but by his own standards it had been a success in bringing the style of ‘Total Football’ to a global audience.

He would miss the 1978 event, despite helping the side to qualify, after he chose to retire from international football at the age of 30. Initially, the reasons given for his decision surrounded his political stance over the military dictatorship that was in power in Argentina, however, it emerged in 2008 that he and his family were the subject of a kidnap attempt in Barcelona a year before the tournament and he stated: “To play a World Cup you have to be 200%, there are moments when there are other values in life.’’

For a man associated with some of the best and most ambiguous quotes in the history of the game, it was a tame end to his international ambitions. Domestically, after a relatively sparse spell with Barcelona he returned to Ajax to win the league again in 1982 and 83 and would go on to forge a successful managerial career at both clubs, before stepping out of the spotlight.

Cruyff’s international exploits may have only seen him play in a single World Cup, and accrue just 48 appearances for his country (albeit scoring 33 goals in the process), but his career will be remembered for his impact on the sport as a whole. His insight, vision and trailblazing approach to ensuring that attacking football remained an integral part of the game mark him out as one of the greats; a true Dutch master.

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FEATURE

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Section Name PROFILE Johan Cruyff

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Text by Fulano de Tal › in Cape Town, SA

NEWS

BP says oil has STOPPED LEAKING

by Fulano de Tal Gulf of Mexico

It is the first time the flow has stopped since an explosion on the Deepwater Horizon rig on 20 April.

US President Barack Obama said the development was a “positive sign” but noted that BP was still in the testing phase. BP executive Kent Wells said the oil had been stopped at 1425 local time (1925 GMT) and he was “excited” by the progress.

BP shares rose in New York trading on Thursday after the flow was stopped, having already performed well over the day.

But BP is stressing that even if no oil escapes for 48 hours, that will not mean the flow of oil and gas has been stopped permanently.

BP chief operating officer Doug Suttles emphasised that there was no reason for “celebration” yet, particularly for those in areas already damaged by oil.

Photos by Fulano de Tal › in Cape Town, SA

GOOGLE SAYS CHINA licence renewed by government

by Fulano de Tal Beijing, China

The Chinese government has renewed Google’s licence to operate in China, the internet giant has said, ending a longrunning stand-off between the two. Google gave no details of the licence renewal.

There had been speculation China would revoke the licence after Google began redirecting Chinese users to its unfiltered search site in Hong Kong.

But last month, in a conciliatory move towards Beijing, Google said it would no longer automatically redirect users.

Instead, Chinese users would be sent to a “landing page”, which would send them to the Hong Kong site. “We are very pleased that the government has renewed our ICP (internet content provider) licence and we look forward to continuing to provide web search and local products to our users in China,” Google’s lawyer David Drummond said in an e-mailed statement.

Indian government approves NEW SYMBOL FOR RUPEE

by Fulano de Tal New Delhi, India

India is to have a new symbol for its currency, the rupee, after the government approved the winning entry in a national competition. The symbol is a cross between the Roman letter R and its Hindi equivalent, and was designed by a teacher at the Indian Institute of Technology.

The winning entry was one of five shortlisted in the public competition announced in March 2009. Designers were given a brief to come up with a symbol that captures the ethos and culture of India. Until now the rupee has generally been shortened to the letters Rs or sometimes INR (Indian rupee). India’s government says these are not symbols but mere abbreviations. The new symbol will be the “identity of the Indian currency” The winning design is made up of half the letter R with a horizontal line on top and in between to make it also look like its equivalent in the Devanagari script, which used in a number of Indian languages including Hindi and Sanskrit.

ZIMBABWE DIAMONDS DEAL to allow partial exports

by Fulano de Tal Zimbabwe

The body overseeing the trade in “blood diamonds” has agreed that Zimbabwe can resume limited exports from new diamond fields in the east of the country. Under the terms of the deal, Zimbabwe will be able to sell some stockpiles. It may be able to resume full exports after a review of conditions at the Marange diamond fields in September.

The Kimberley Process suspended the diamond exports in November in response to allegations of atrocities committed by security forces at Marange. There have been weeks of deadlock over the negotiations and the deal in Russia came only after a Zimbabwean human rights activist was released on bail earlier this week.

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GALLERY

BY MARIO MORENO TAKEN IN RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL

BY FULANO DE TAL TAKEN IN RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL

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GALLERY

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BY FULANO DE TAL TAKEN IN RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL

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GALLERY

BY MARIO MORENO TAKEN IN RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL

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HINTS & TIPS

Photos by Fulano de Tal › in Cape Town, SA

Online Writing Tips Proin vel commodo ligula. Mauris dapibus rhoncus nunc, vitae lobortis est pharetra eget. Sed mattis mattis ullamcorper. Quisque diam eros, rutrum vitae semper pharetra, molestie sit amet turpis. Morbi interdum semper luctus. Etiam tempus leo et lacus bibendum adipiscing. Nam ipsum sem, pretium sed porttitor nec, accumsan sed quam. sapien molestie ac.

KNOW

YOUR AUDIENCE

Write and edit with online readers needs and habits in mind. Web usability studies show that readers tend to skim over sites rather than read them intently. They also tend to be more proactive than print readers or TV viewers, hunting for information rather than passively taking in what you present to them.

Think about your target audience. Because your readers are getting their

news online, chances are they are more interested in Internet-related stories than TV viewers or newspaper readers, so it may make sense to put greater emphasis on such stories. Also, your site potentially has a global reach, so consider whether you want to make it understandable to a local, national or international audience, and write and edit with that in mind.

THINK FIRST AND THINK DIFFERENT

TAILOR YOUR NEWS GATHERING

Before you start reporting and writing, ask yourself: What is the essence of the story I am trying to tell? Then think about what the best way is to convey that story, whether through audio, video, clickable graphics, text, links, etc. or some combination. Collaborate with audio, video and interactive producers. Develop a plan and let

that guide you throughout the news gathering and production process, rather than just reporting a story and then adding various elements later as an afterthought.

Just as print and TV reporters interview differently because they are looking for different things, so must online journalists tailor their interviewing and information gathering specifically to their needs.

Remember that photos look better online when shot or cropped narrowly, and streaming video is easier to watch when backgrounds are plain and zooming minimal.

Tape interviews whenever possible in case someone says something that would make a powerful clip.

Look for personalities who could be interesting chat guests. And always keep an eye out for information that can be conveyed more effectively using interactive tools.

Online journalists must constantly think in terms of different elements and how they complement and supplement each other: Look for words to go with images, audio and video to go with words, data that will lend itself to interactives, etc. . .

WRITE

LIVELY AND TIGHT

Writing for the Web should be a cross between broadcast and print tighter and punchier than print, but more literate and detailed than broadcast writing. Write actively, not passively.

Good broadcast writing uses primarily tight, simple declarative sentences and sticks to one idea per sentence. It avoids the long clauses and passive writing of print.

Every expressed idea flows logically into the next. Using these concepts in online writing makes the writing easier to understand and better holds readers attention.

Strive for lively prose, leaning on strong verbs and sharp nouns.

Inject your writing with a distinctive voice to help differentiate it from the multitude of content on the

Look for stories that lend themselves to the Web stories that you can tell or differently from or better than in any other medium.

Web. Use humor. Try writing in a breezy style or with attitude. Online audiences are more accepting of unconventional writing styles.

At the same time, don’t forget that the traditional rules of writing apply online. Unfortunately, writing quality is inconsistent throughout most online news sites. Stories suffer from passive verbs, runon sentences, mixed metaphors and cliches. This is a result of fast-paced news gathering, short staffing and inexperienced journalists. This is also a big mistake. Readers notice sloppy writing and they don’t forgive.

They�ll stop reading a story and they won’t come back for more.

Unlike local newspaper readers, online readers have options.