INNER SANCTUM VECTOR N360™|AI

TASINATO

Special Supplement

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

ADOLFO

HUMAN TO MACHINE 1

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Summer 2022

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VECTOR

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Contemporary society is strongly characterized but also conditioned by the use of artificial intelligence.

Furthermore, Big Data is alsoDigital used innovation challenges way we live. by companies to createthe increasingly The changes taking place create advanced algorithms, to innovate convenience and ways ofand solving computer programming to resell problems that werecase, never possible them.

In the latter there is a before, but along with the positive risk of improper or unclear use of the aspects, there are also problems that data by the buyers. must be overcome.

Why artificial intelligence can be Artificial intelligence generally means: the dangerous ability of a machine to display human capabilities such as reasoning, Artificial intelligence with which learning, to planning and creativity.

With the design robots or any other electronic introduction of machines intomaking the device capable of acting and workplaceautonomously during the industrial decisions can be revolution and the phenomenon of globalization, a dangerous if its algorithms are not relationship between the individual programmed in an ethical way that and technology been generated respects thehas fundamental rights that of is destinedbeings. to lastIfover human it is time. implemented on the basis of elements that may increase discrimination and social injustice, if it is not supervised and regulated in its design, evolution, fields of application of development and application, and if it does not respect the of artificial intelligence arelaws manifold. robotics, according to which a robot In science: in the fields of neuroscience, can never cause harm to human biology, etc., considerable achievements beings, not even to defend have been made thanks to itself. the contribution of biotechnological mechanisms. We need only think of diagnostic technologies for human beings, medically assisted procreation techniques, Big Data analysis, data mining and predictive systems in industry.

The

Furthermore, Big Data is also used by companies to create increasingly advanced algorithms, to innovate computer programming and to resell them. In the latter case, there is a risk of improper or unclear use of the data by the buyers.

Why artificial intelligence can be dangerous Artificial intelligence with which to design robots or any other electronic device capable of acting and making decisions autonomously can be dangerous if its algorithms are not programmed in an ethical way that respects the fundamental rights of human beings. If it is implemented on the basis of elements that may increase discrimination and social injustice, if it is not supervised and regulated in its design, evolution, development and application, and if it does not respect the laws of robotics, according to which a robot can never cause harm to human beings, not even to defend itself.

In

the justice sector: the

creation of a 'judge-machine' would lead to the speeding up of justice.

The debate on this issue remains open. However, the human element remains a fundamental part of legal interpretation.

One very important aspect is ethics, where companies must not only compete but also agree on ethical issues, analyzing current and future responsibilities in order to maintain the trust and security of customers and citizens. In this respect, it is important to consider the risk of letting machines with artificial intelligence decide the best solutions to the most delicate human problems.

For example, artificial intelligence systems could choose who to insure, who to make work or who to lend money to on the basis of data derived from biased statistics, thus increasing social injustice.

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On the contrary, the real purpose for which artificial intelligence was invented is to help people and not to harm them”.

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There

are now

numerous fields of application of artificial intelligence with which we can interact on a daily basis; for example, using social networks, where algorithms based on artificial intelligence decide which posts we can view, or using the voice assistant on mobile devices or chatbots, software capable of conversing with users via chat.

In law firms, artificial intelligence is already speeding up and making more efficient the work of lawyers in repetitive tasks.

With regard to the application of artificial intelligence, it is important to emphasize that automatisms must be programmed in such a way as to respect ethics based on the moral principles of loyalty and integrity, always taking into account incontestable human rights and the protection and dignity of workers.

Thes e

ethical rules

will be of considerable importance in every sector, but especially in the judicial, health and military spheres, where a lack of respect for people's rights may jeopardize their freedom, health or life.

According to scientists, an electronic computer should be considered an intelligent agent if it behaves like a human being and is aware of its reasoning and actions like a person, in particular thanks to its sensors and actuators that enable it to perceive and interact with the environment.

It is therefore, important to anticipate and regulate what will happen in the future, but also to stimulate debate among politicians, entrepreneurs, intellectuals and citizens who are still partly unaware of the advantages and disadvantages of artificial intelligence.

In

this respect, researchers are

very concerned about the development of artificial intelligence in the military field where it could be used to produce killer robots, combat drones, remotely controlled submarines, insects equipped with video cameras for spying and powerful autonomous weapons.

The danger of these automatic devices is obvious, mainly for the maintenance of peace between States and the defense of human safety.

The danger that such systems could be cyber-attacked by malicious persons should also be considered.

In

terms of current use, artificial

intelligence is already being exploited by data analytics platforms to analyze so-called Big Data.

This is heterogeneous data coming from any kind of company, entity, social media or user and then analyzed to predict the behavior, health and propensities of people using a service or product.

Furthermore, Big Data is also used by companies to create increasingly advanced algorithms, to innovate computer programming and to resell them. In the latter case, there is a risk of improper or unclear use of the data by the buyers.

Why artificial intelligence can be dangerous?

Artificial intelligence with which to design robots or any other electronic device capable of acting and making decisions autonomously can be dangerous if its algorithms are not programmed in an ethical way that respects the fundamental rights of human beings.

If it is implemented on the basis of elements that may increase discrimination and social injustice, if it is not supervised and regulated in its design, evolution, development and application, and if it does not respect the laws of robotics, according to which a robot can never cause harm to human beings, not even to defend itself.

Ta k i ng

into account

the importance of artificial intelligence, the European Commission for the Efficiency of Justice, on 4 December 2018, issued "the European Ethical Charter on the Use of Artificial Intelligence."

This is a very important document, as it is the first time that at European level, having taken note of the growing importance of artificial intelligence in our societies and the expected benefits, some fundamental guidelines are identified, to which "public and private entities responsible for the design and development of AI tools and services" will have to adhere.

The Superior Court of Justice of Buenos Aires, through the use of software, solved more than a thousand cases in seven days, compared to the eighty-three days it previously took.

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Contemporary society is strongly characterised but also conditioned The issue of judicial efficiency brings the by the use of artificial intelligence. issue of predictive justice, i.e. the ability to Digital innovation challenges the way calculate the probability of a judicial we live. The outcome on changes the basistaking of an place algorithm, create convenience waysbased, of either statistically orand logically to the solving problems that were never forefront. possible before, but along with the positive aspects, are also More simply put, there predictive justice systems problems thattomust be overcome. are intended be used by law offices, insurers and lawyers in order to anticipate the outcome of a dispute.

Theoretically they could also help judges to make decisions. They provide a graphical representation of the probability of success of each outcome of a dispute based on criteria introduced by the user.

Such systems are able to calculate the likely amount of compensation awarded by the courts. In particular, it is in the field of criminal law that artificial intelligence is being developed, but only under two conditions: Artificial intelligence generally means: theare ability of a machine to artificial Operators qualified to use the display human capabilities such as intelligence system; reasoning, learning, planning and creativity.

With the introduction of control, Every decision is subject to human machines the workplace during then to theinto control of the judge. the industrial revolution and the phenomenon of globalisation, These conditions tend to avoida what the relationship between theasindividual Ethical Charter defines a "deterministic and technology has been generated approach", i.e. the risk of an excessive that is destined to last over time. automatism of decisions.

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The fields of application of artificial intelligence are manifold.

Depending on the data fed into the software, there are three different ways in which machine learning technology can facilitate the work of legal practitioners and, consequently, make justice more efficient:

Contemporary society is strongly characterised but also conditioned by the use of artificial intelligence.

Digital innovation challenges the way we live. The changes taking place create convenience and ways of solving problems that were never possible before, but along with the positive aspects, there are also problems that must be overcome.

The fields of application of artificial 1. Analysis of documents and preparation of documents; intelligence are manifold.

2. Prediction of the outcome of a case; 3.

Formulation of judgements, albeit under human control.

A second way in which artificial intelligence can be applied to justice is the "predictive" one, consisting in the capacity to elaborate forecasts through a probabilistic calculation carried out by algorithms operating on a statistical or logical basis. This capacity, depending on the type of data introduced into the computer, can be used for different purposes:

Artificial intelligence generally means: the ability of a machine to display human capabilities such as reasoning, learning, planning and creativity. With the introduction of machines into the workplace during the industrial revolution and the phenomenon of globalisation, a relationship between the individual and technology has been generated that is destined to last over time.

First and foremost, as a crime prevention tool. By entering into a computer a series of data extrapolated from reports submitted to the police (for example, relating to thefts that have occurred in the same areas and with similar modalities), the system is able to predict the places and times when other crimes of the same type are likely to be committed.

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Secondly, as a tool to support the jurist in the interpretation of the law and the identification of arguments in favor of the thesis to be supported.

The issue of foreseeability of decisions has long been the subject of a lively doctrinal debate. In particular, the fact that it is possible to foresee the decisional orientation of a judge has been considered, in some respects, positive insofar as it can serve to improve the level of efficiency of justice but, in others, negative because of the risk of being reduced to an automated management of standardized statements.

The 2018 European Ethical Charter, as previously mentioned, allows for the use, under human control, of artificial intelligence in criminal justice activities. This means that a computer can be entrusted with the solution of specific questions that determine the basis of the judgeʼs final decision. But the idea that the outcome of a trial may, even partly, depend on a "machine" is undoubtedly disturbing.

Artificial intelligence and geopolitics of the mind.

Over the last twenty years, the cyber space has progressively expanded, which is defined as asymmetrical space, where territorially small states can actually be major powers, such as South Korea or Israel.

It is a short step from cyberspace to the "sixth domain", that of the mind, because in 2030 technically all the citizens of the world will be connected to the Internet. Therefore, if everyone is connected to the Net, everyone will be able to be controlled and therefore manipulated and conditioned.

For

this reason, as Prof. Mario

Caligiuri, President of the Italian Intelligence Society, suggests, it may be useful to start outlining a "geopolitics of the mind", understood as the battlefield where the struggle for power takes place, in order to exercise definitive dominion over people and nations, since there can be nothing else beyond control of the mind.

Never as in these years of pandemic, and now with the war between Russia and Ukraine, is it clear that alongside the real war there is the war of information, which has great distorting effects. Not only has the dialectic between truth and lies always distinguished the history of mankind, but today everything is changing in a structural way with the advent of artificial intelligence. It is no coincidence that the future of intelligence is that of confronting a clash of intelligences: the human one on one side and the artificial one on the other.

R ay

Kurzweil has predicted

that 2043 will be the year of "singularity", when artificial intelligence will surpass human intelligence. 2043 is the year in which Philip K. Dick set his novel Minority Report, in which crimes are predicted before they are committed.

Artificial intelligence could lead to a species leap like the one that marked the transition from Neanderthal man to Homo Sapiens and from this to Symbioticus man, characterized by an inevitable hybridization between man and machine. And if we use artificial intelligence now, in the near future we may well be controlled by it.

Already today we live in three overlapping dimensions: physical, virtual and augmented, the latter being the result of the hybridization of man and technology.

In this context and in a scenario characterized by the large amount of information, the importance of intelligence is confirmed not only to predict events and social phenomena but above all to interpret events.

Whereas in the past consensus was achieved by force, it is now achieved through persuasion and propaganda, which make it increasingly difficult to distinguish the true from the false.

In

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, the United States

defined the concept of information dominance, according to which 'in tomorrow's conflicts, the one who tells the best story will prevail'.

And if the Cold War was above all a war of intelligence, fought through spies and information, disinformation and cultural influence, with globalization and cyberspace the scenario has been profoundly transformed.

In fact, manipulation has become capillary and uncontrollable, being used not so much for political purposes as for economic ones, with states becoming financial entities and multinationals heavily conditioning democratic governments.

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First

of all, it must be

understood that disinformation is now the most significant characteristic of our times. It is necessary, therefore, to identify relevant information, that which brings us closer to an ever more complex understanding of reality.

Therefore, intelligence with the support of artificial intelligence systems is a social necessity, indispensable for citizens, companies and States.

I

would like to end this article with

a thought taken from Giancarlo Elia Valori's book "Artificial Intelligence between Myth and Reality", where he says that one day intelligent robots will replace man in daily tasks and man will be able to return to devote himself to Beauty, to restore Light to a humanity free from fear, pain and darkness.

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Artificial Intelligence between Myth and Reality, where he says that “one day intelligent robots will replace man in daily tasks and man will be able to return to devote himself to Beauty, to restore Light to a humanity free from fear, pain and darkness”.

-Giancarlo Elia Valori-

BY ADOLFO TASINATO

Italy EXECUTIVE BIO ADOLFO TASINATO Digital Communications specialist Founding member of LIBERCOM, Association for free communication and free press, editor of the Nuovo Giornale Nazionale, italian online newspaper.

Libercom website: www.Libercom.it Nuovo Giornale Nazionale website: www.nuovogiornalenazionale.com

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Digital Communications specialist Founding member of LIBERCOM, Association for free communication and free press, editor of the Nuovo Giornale Nazionale, italian online newspaper.

Libercom website: www.Libercom.it Nuovo Giornale Nazionale website: www.nuovogiornalenazionale.com

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TECNOLOGY

IN THE MAKING

LINDA

RESTREPO PUBLISHER - EDITOR

TECNOLOGY IN USA THE M AKI N G EXECUTIVE BIO Linda Restrepo is Director of Education and Innovation Human Health Education and Research Foundation. She has been a recognized Women in Technology Leader Cybersecurity and Artificial Intelligence.

Restrepo's expertise also includes Exponential Technologies Management, Computer Algorithms, Research, Implementation Management of Complex Humanmachine Systems. Interstellar exploration and Mars Human Habitats; Global Economic Impacts Research. Restrepo is President of a global government and military defense multidisciplinary research and strategic development firm.

She has directed Corporate Technology Commercialization through the US National Laboratories. Emerging Infectious Diseases, Restrepo is also the Chief Executive Officer of Professional Global Outreach. Restrepo has advanced degrees from The University of Texas and New Mexico State University.

TECHNOLOGY IN THE MAKING

INNER SANCTUM VECTOR N360™© LINDA RESTREPO

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PUBLISHER - EDITOR

TECHNOLOGY IN THE MAKING DISCLAIMER: This Magazine is designed to provide information, entertainment and motivation to our readers. It does not render any type of political, cybersecurity, computer programming, defense strategy, ethical, legal or any other type of professional advice. It is not intended to, neither should it be construed as a comprehensive evaluation of any topic. The content of this Presentation is the sole expression and opinion of the authors. No warranties or guarantees are expressed or implied by the authors or the Editor. Neither the authors nor the Editor are liable for any physical, psychological, emotional, financial, or commercial damages, including, but not limited to, special, incidental, consequential or other damages. You are responsible for your own choices, actions, and results.

LINDA RESTREPO

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PUBLISHER - EDITOR