The cosmic origin of mathematics

The

Cosmic Origin of Mathematics

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Preface

Mathematics is discovered, not invented. It was imported with the laws of physics at genesis – and has been partly implemented by mortals to erect their temporary foundations of (i) the Standard Quantum Model, (ii) Einstein's Gravity Physics – (General relativity) – (iii) the various String Theories (Including Quantum-­‐Gravity), and (iv) Gravitism -­‐ the physics and philosophy of science that maintain that gravitation is the prime cause of structures, irreversibility, time asymmetries, written languages, geo-­‐chemical and biological evolution -­‐-­‐ that the 1915-­‐1929 discovery of the expansion of the universe is the root-­‐cause of the second law of thermodynamics -­‐-­‐ that microscopic physics, and thermodynamics in particular, cannot be understood without reference to astrophysics and cosmology.

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Gold Award by N.Y. Academy of Sciences

"Gal-­‐Or launches a new spirit of inquiry by his excellent and thought provoking writings.

I would recommend awarding a prize and would hope that this would serve to focus attention on a most important subject.” T. Gold.

"A Master Piece. The well-­‐known author bases his philosophy on a very sound knowledge of present-­‐day scientific theories. " Indian Journal of Physics

"Evokes a person heart. Has generated a large number of responses from around the world -­‐ some declaring that it has turned them into “Gal-­‐Orians”. Since the thought presented by this book is so rich, translators of our country should recommend this book with all their intellectual power."

Chinese Academy of Sciences

"Tour de force. A magnificent and sustained piece of work!

Gal-­‐Or’s net is widely cast – it reaches as far as science policy and political philosophy."

A. Cottrell, V. Chancellor, Cambridge University

"I do not know a better modern expression of science, philosophy and classical humanism than that of Gal-­‐Or’s book." HaAretz News Paper

"We are all Gal-­‐Orians ! " Editor, Foundations of Physics

"This is a great book, and an exciting book; readable, worth reading and enlightening."

Sir Karl Popper, The greatest philosopher of science in the previous century

"Gal-­‐Or’s “beauty” has always been the object of science, which, he lyrically observes as “a most fundamental aesthetic frame of mind, a longing for the run-­‐away horizons of truth and symmetry that we always try to reach.” Order Amidst Chaos, Enlightenment Aesthetics

Recommended by Encyclopedia Britannica, "Nature, Philosophy of"

"This is one of the most beautiful books that I have read." Outstanding Books List

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"Appeals to scientists of all disciplines who are prepared to open their minds.

Shines a welcome light in some dark corners of science.

Sir Karl Popper, in a Foreword, correctly describes it “a great book”.

New Scientist Magazine

Advancement of Physics: "Einstein's time-­‐symmetric tensor was elevated by Gal-­‐Or’s “New Astronomical School of Unified Thermodynamics” to the status of the source of “Master Asymmetry” controlling not only irreversible thermodynamics, but all physical and biological phenomena!.

Gal-­‐Or calls “GRAVITISM” (his philosophy) that gravitation is the prime cause of structures, irreversibility, time, geo-­‐chemical and biological evolution -­‐-­‐ that the expansion of the universe is the cause of the second law of thermodynamics -­‐-­‐ that microscopic physics, and thermodynamics in particular, cannot be understood without reference to cosmology.

He ties “irreversibility” to the “expansion of space itself”, i.e. as far as space is expanding, the contribution of all kinds of radiation in space is weakened “irreversibly” due to the expansion phenomenon itself.

Such loss, or “degradation” of energy in the depth of inter-­‐cluster expanding space, may then be considered as a universal sink for all the radiation flowing out of the material bodies in the expanding universe.” Advancement of Physics AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS:

“Gal-­‐Or's remarkable book sees and seizes the world whole. He emphasizes that all scientists operate under some set of philosophical prejudices, and that failure to acknowledge this is self-­‐delusion.

Furthermore, he argues that a failure to attend to the philosophical base of physics leads to an empty scientism.

His work is challenging on many levels, constituting a review 'with derivations' of general relativity 'as applied to cosmology', thermodynamics, the current state of theoretical particle physics, astrophysics, as well as a summary history of western philosophy, 'especially the philosophies of time and mind' and critiques of western society, the intelligentsia and the relationship between academic science and government.

One 'and perhaps the central' theme explored, is that of the interplay between symmetry and asymmetry.

His primary interest is not in the recent progress in the unification of forces in gauge theory, although he finds support in it for his Einsteinian outlook, but is rather time, time's arrow, and the asymmetry between past and future.

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Around time are accumulated discussions, both mathematical and philosophical, of thermodynamic reversibility, time reversibility, the nature of causality, and the use of advanced and retarded solutions to wave equations.

The second major theme is that of gravity and its overwhelming domination of the actual form of the universe, at all scales.

The combination of these themes is not accidental; they are point and counterpoint to his thesis that the time asymmetries are connectable to and perhaps even determined by the master asymmetry given by the gravity of general relativity: the remorseless cosmological expansion.

He argues that only the expansion can provide the unification of time asymmetries.

The expansion provides, among other things, an unsaturable sink for radiation, which, in turn, permits the establishment of gradients in temperature and density, which provide the basis for the physical process that leads to life.

He also criticizes the sloppy and improper use of the concepts of entropy 'and the related notions in information theory' and quantum indeterminism, especially as covers for an inadequate understanding of temporal asymmetries.

Taking an Einsteinian position on the interpretation of quantum mechanics, he looks forward to revitalization of Einstein's quest for a deterministic interpretation of quantum events.

The value of this book lies in the challenging combination of ideas which Gal-­‐Or presents, which goes far beyond what can be sensibly described in a review.

[This] work may be too large to digest as a text in these days of the decline of academic institutions "as Gal-­‐Or describes them", but that will be the loss of both the faculty and the students.”

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS “One of the best books on the totality of the sciences & the universe. It was one of the favorite books of Sir Karl Popper. It looks at physics and the universe as a totality of the mathematical philosophical understanding. It also combines the physical concept of time with human psychological perception and brain understanding of languages.”

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“I have in the meantime studied your book, with great interest, and made pages of notes on it.

I feel as if I had been on numerous walks and talks with you on the great questions, and know that would be great to go on with them!

Who cannot be impressed by your love for the great men of all times and all countries, by your phrase “working back and forth between theory and fact”, by your belief that philosophy is too important to be

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left to the philosophers, by your concern for where thought and language lie in the scheme of things – and by so much more!

I continue to reflect, again and again, on your central thesis that expansion is the origin of all asymmetry in time.

What an ingenious phrase is your, “smuggle irreversibility in without declaring the contraband”!

I regard your book as seeking to accomplish two tasks – and being two books – at the very least One is the exposition of your central thesis, with clarity, and careful mustering of every argument pro and con that can lead to testable consequences.

I don’t see how it is possible to do proper justice to a thesis of such importance by mixing it in with the other great task.

That is to give students an appreciation of the unity of philosophy and modern physics. You do both tasks far better than I could hope to.

I give you my personal thanks for putting the two books into a package that I personally have found most thought-­‐provoking.”

Prof. John A. Wheeler, Institute for Advanced Studies, Princeton University

“An interesting and original book, easy to read, interesting and fascinating.”

Novo Cimento Science Magazine

"Interesting to read, integrating much of scientific material." Deutsche Literatur-­‐zeitung

“A comprehensive explication of a large area of science which the reader may study in many subjects.”

Contemporary Philosophy "Your book “was / is an inspiration in my life” European reader, 2011/ Facebook "The works of scientists like Gal-­‐Or, Bohm, and (Noble Prize-­‐Winner) Prigogine provide important resources. Prigogine's formalisms do not really tell us how irreversible change emerges from reversible [mathematics]. (in this Gal-­‐Or is superior)." The Crisis of the Sciences

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H A W D ow to

void

rong

efinitions

v

PRECISE DEFINITIONS erect walls– CAUSE MISTAKES -­‐ OUTSIDE THEMSELVES.

v

v

v

The fence-­‐rejected subjects are lost Forever by such Precise Definitions/Axioms.

v

Wherefore, precise definitions/axioms a priori reduce their use to "MODELS".

v

v

v

Most such axioms also deny Einstein's Gravity Physics, EGP, which defines the universe.

Rejecting EGP rejects space-­‐time fields, astrophysics, world History, cosmology, etc.

EGP is based on Einstein Field Equations, EFE, which, with EGP, describe the universe.

Unlike the quantum standard model, EFE is neither scale-­‐arrested, nor a model.

Wherefore, science does NOT start with the Standard Quantum Model.

v

Wherefore, science does not start with 'particles', but with Fields in curved space.

OUR UNIVERSE EXPANDS.

v

Wherefore, science starts with First Fact:

v

WORLD EXPANSION MEANS TIME ASYMMETRY, THE ORIGIN OF THERMODYNAMICS.

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v

SINCE CONFIRMED BY HUBBLE, it means that there was a beginning, as the BIBLE says.

v

A World beginning dictates

CREATOR of all, including all laws of physics.

v

M

ATHEMATICS vs.

CREATOR:

Mathematics may exist universally, or

cosmologically, and only gradually be discovered and used by human brains-­‐minds, not invented by them,

v

This Approach opens

two gates: (A) Mathematics is an integral part of both

theoretical and observational-­‐experimental physics, (B) Mathematics had been created with the laws of physics by the CREATOR. We later return to this issue. First we turn to observations.

v

E

XPANDING VOIDS, detected between super-­‐clusters-­‐of galaxies rule our universe.

v

v

v

v

The expanding voids are largest "

sinks" of all galactic/stellar radiations.

Without these cold, expanding voids, thermal equilibrium rules a no-­‐processes world.

Science thus starts with radiation thermodynamics of verified, expanding, cold voids.

Cold-­‐voids-­‐expansion explains the origin of time-­‐asymmetries/irreversibility.

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v

v

v

v

Wherefore, this expansion explains the origin of the 2nd LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS, Wherefore, these voids constitute the sole origin of life building-­‐elements by supernova, Fence-­‐free EFE-­‐EGP thus fully controls all physical world history and LIFE ORIGINS.

A

ll stars, galaxies, structures, supernova, planets, life, black holes, evolve this way.

v

Wherefore, Physics without verified astronomy-­‐cosmology and deterministic EGP fails.

Do Brain Webs Control Physics ?

"How can it be that mathematics, being after all a product of human thought, which is independent of experience, is so admirably appropriate to the objects of reality?"

Albert Einstein Is it consciousness? -­‐ Eugene Wigner [1]

Why Symmetric and Asymmetric Mathematics are Independently Conserved as proved by Reference No. 5?

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As lifetime educator and parent I often ponder on four fundamental questions: 1. The education of the next generation, especially at ages 8-­‐14 when education is expected to strongly affect their future life, when their minds are at top receptive qualities, almost free of unverifiable concepts, eager to learn, understand and investigate anything regarding • • • • •

the whole world, the smallest vs. the largest, its past, present and future, the treasures of physics, biophysics, astrophysics, cosmology, philosophy, Biblical genesis vs. Einstein's gravity physics vs. Hubble's discoveries, Life Origin in world history, in string theories, all ruled by mathematics.

Why?

2. Why mathematics? – which is generated inside the brain – an a priori ASSUMED ISOLATED SYSTEM FROM THE REST OF THE UNIVERSE. So how it does describe it, and so accurately? How it controls Einstein's Gravity Physics as well as the STANDARD QUANTUM MODEL? There is no answer. The issue does not die -­‐ speculations rise.

3. GRAVITISM? the Astrophysical School of Thermodynamics? (Worldwide published comments below). These works only in part deal with these unsolved issues by resorting to the cosmological origins of time asymmetries, to cosmology-­‐gravity links that affect all systems, including axon-­‐brain-­‐webs, possibly down to the extremely small Planck Scale that cannot be observed.

• • •

• • • •

Would these works affirm (i) the root cause of mathematics is inside the brain, (ii) Mathematics exists universally, or cosmologically, and only gradually is being discovered and used by the human brains-­‐minds, not invented by them, (iii) Approach (ii) opens two gates: (A) Mathematics is an integral part of both theoretical and observational-­‐experimental physics, (B) Mathematics had been created with the laws of physics by a CREATOR. Approach (ii) provides some support to why mathematics had accurately predicted, since 1915, the Einstein-­‐Hubble's expanding universe.

It also raises questions regarding the claimed physics how brains-­‐minds discover mathematics that describe the fundamental interactions of nature.

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• •

Currently we do not know which approach conforms reality, the physical or the unified mathematical-­‐physical.

It remains a great mystery of all time.

4. Intelligent design may thus harbor the future win, whereby v v v v

Bible studies may become part of the history and philosophy of modern science.

Establish a scientific link to the Creator -­‐-­‐ to the Creator of the laws of physics.

TODAY obsolete methodologies still dominate most definitions and axioms.

OUTLOOOK: life becomes a beautiful road to beyond the current horizons of truth and symmetry that we always try to reach.

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References

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

Benjamin. Gal-­‐Or, Chair, Editor “A Critical Review of the Foundations of Relativistic and Classical Thermodynamics”, International Symposium, Pittsburgh, April 7-­‐8, 1969, proceeding published by Mono Book, (1970). E. Wigner participated.

Ibid. The Crisis on the Origin of Irreversibility, Science, 176, 11 (1972); 178, 119 (1972); Ibid. Cosmological Origin of Thermodynamics, Nature 230, 1971); 234, 217 (1971); Ibid. Entropy, Fallacy, and the Origin of Irreversibility: An Essay on the New Astrophysical Revolutionary School of Thermodynamics. Annal. N.Y. Acad. Acad. Sci., 196 (A6) 305 (1972) (Gold Medal); Ibid. Cosmological Origin of Irreversibility, Time and Time-­‐Anisotropies, Found. Phys. 6, 407 (1976); 6, 623 (1976); 7, 50 (1977); Ibid. Cosmology, Physics and Philosophy, CPP, Vol. I & II, Hard Cover, Springer Verlag, New York, 1981, 1983, 1987. Online brief amendments are published from 2015 to 2017 by ISSUU. These add new observations, discoveries and illustrations to GRAVITISM and HAVAISM. Ibid. This is addendum No. 149 to Ref. 6.

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