worksheet about gerund and bare infinitive

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UNIVERSIDADE PAULISTA

PIERPAOLO RONCORONI ROMERO - 1139124

TRABALHO EM GRUPO : ESTUDOS DISCIPLINARES I

SÃO PAULO 2014

ATIVIDADE:

2 PROFESSORA: Silvana Read the text below and observe the structures of Gerund, Infinitive or Bare Infinitive and explain their uses. Try to find, at least, three examples: Carnival Triumph passengers disembark in Alabama All 3,200 passengers have now disembarked from a crippled cruise ship that reached the US coast five days after an engine fire knocked out power.

The Carnival Triumph docked in Mobile, Alabama, at 21:15 (03:15 GMT Friday).

Disembarking the passengers took more than four hours and many still faced a long bus journey to New Orleans or to the port of departure, Galveston.

Passengers had reported sewage on the floors, poor sanitation and lack of access to toilets.

Some lined the decks as the 900 ft (275 m) ship docked, waving and cheering at people on shore.

Bus ‘breaks down’ Chants of “Let me off, let me off!” could be heard coming from the ship as they waited to disembark.

One homemade sign read: “Sweet Home Alabama!” and another: “The ship’s afloat, so is the sewage.” (…)

Kathleen Haughney, from South Florida Sun Sentinel, said passengers cheered as the ship reached port.

Disembarking passenger Brittany Ferguson said: “I’m feeling awesome just to see land and buildings. The scariest part was just not knowing when we’d get back.”

Carnival Corp, which operates the ship, was also the owner of Costa Concordia, the cruise ship that ran aground off the Italian coast and sank last year, killing 32 people.

On Thursday, tugboats began pulling the vessel to a shipyard for repairs.

3 The Carnival Triumph took six hours to be towed through the 30 mile (50 km) channel to Mobile – the largest ship ever to dock there. One passenger, Clark Jones, told the BBC the last day was “especially nightmarish because we knew we were so close to land and getting off”.

The passengers were taken by bus either to Galveston in Texas, which is about seven hours away, or to New Orleans, where the firm said it had booked 1,500 hotel rooms. New Orleans is two hours away.

One bus broke down as it carried passengers to New Orleans, local media reported.

Past problems Carnival chief executive Gerry Cahill apologized again for the “very poor” conditions on board.

Passengers will be offered a full refund and discounts on future cruises.

“We pride ourselves on providing our guests with a great vacation experience, and clearly we failed in this particular case”, he said.

Hospitality staff will be sent on early holiday with full pay or transferred to other ships, depending on the length remaining in their contracts, senior vice-president Terry Thornton said.

Passenger Janie Baker told NBC by phone on Thursday that conditions on the ship were “extremely terrible”'. There was no electricity and few working toilets, she said.

Ms Baker described using plastic bags to go to the toilet and that she had seen a woman pass out while waiting for food.

The stench from overflowing toilets and drainpipes made some cabins uninhabitable and many people slept in corridors, while others took bedding out into the open to escape the heat and foul smell.

Passengers will be offered a full refund and discounts on any future cruises. Carnival announced on Wednesday passengers would each get an additional $500 (£322) in

4 compensation.

But the firm has disputed the accounts describing the ship as filthy, saying employees were doing everything they could to ensure people were comfortable.

Carnival has cancelled more than a dozen planned voyages aboard the Triumph, while acknowledging that the crippled ship had other mechanical problems in the weeks before the fire.

Bare infinitive: …on Wednesday passengers would each get an additional $500 (£322) in compensation. … could be heard coming Infinitive: “…waited to disembark. “…the open to escape” “…just to see land and buildings”. “….because we knew we were so close to land” “…they could to ensure people”. …took six hours to be towed. …plastic bags to go to the Gerund: Disembarking passenger… …ourselves on providing our guests… …Ms Baker described using plastic bags to go to the toilet ….

The scariest part was just not knowing when we’d get back.”

On Thursday, tugboats began pulling the vessel to a shipyard for repairs.

The stench from overflowing toilets… ….length remaining in their contracts…

Prepositions

5 This is a good rule. It has no exceptions!

If we want to use a verb after a preposition, it must be a gerund. It is impossible to use an infinitive after a preposition. So for example, we say:

    

I will call you after arriving at the office.

Please have a drink before leaving.

I am looking forward to meeting you.

Do you object to working late?

Tara always dreams about going on holiday.

Notice that you could replace all the above gerunds with "real" nouns:

    

I will call you after my arrival at the office.

Please have a drink before your departure.

I am looking forward to our lunch.

Do you object to this job?

Tara always dreams about holidays.

The above rule has no exceptions! So in the following examples why is "to" followed by "driving" in the first and by "drive" in the second?

1.

2.

I am used to driving on the left.

I used to drive on the left.

Show answer

Verb + bare infinitive When we have two verbs together in a sentence, the form of the second verb is influenced by the first verb.

This table shows which verbs require the second verb to take the form of the bare infinitive (infinitive without to

Verb + bare infinitive My parents The bare infinitive (an didn't let me watch TV at infinitive without 'to') is used night. after certain verbs which are Did followed by an object: let, you see anyone enter the make, see, hear, feel. building?

He made me laugh.

The bare infinitive is used after modal verbs:can, should, could, might, may, etc.

He can't sing.

It might be a good idea.

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