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./* '&+ #- 2) 5 #%1 '#% 42011.11.11-123; Callicott, J. Baird. “The Conceptual Foundations of the Land Ethic,� in Companion to A Sand County Almanac. J. Baird Callicott(ed). (Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press, pp. 186-217); J. Baird Callicott. Beyond the Land Ethic: More Essays in Environmental Philosophy (New York: State University of
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New York Press, 1999); Leopold, Aldo. A Sand County Almanac (New York: Ballantine Books, 1970); Regan, Tom. The Case for Animal Rights (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2004[1983]); Rolston III, Holmes. Environmental Ethics: Duties to And Values in The Natural World (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1988); Sagoff, Mark.
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Liberation and Environmental Ethics: Bad Marriage, Quick Divorce�, in Environmental Philosophy: from Animal rights to Radical Ecology, Michael Zimmerman (ed). (Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 1993, p.84-94).
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