Inside Water January 2023

JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2023

ISSUE 04

CREATING

Circular solutions for utilities

Digital technologies adjusting to the new normal

Waterless skincare encourages sustainability

Renewing ageing pressure pipelines

Go local for water infrastructure

After the storm: what the floods have taught us

We can help you create sustainable waterways for generations to come

CONTENTS Issue 04: January/February 2023

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26

REGULAR

36 FOCUS

4

Editor’s Note

DIGITAL WATER INFRASTRUCTURE

6

Executive Summaries

28

SUEZ Australia and New Zealand

30

YOUNG PROFESSIONAL

Skincare unites with sustainability Natassia Nicolao is making waves through her beauty brand, Conserving Beauty

18

PHYSICAL WATER INFRASTRUCTURE

34 36

Infrastructure

38

Cress Consulting Connecting water stewardship with water recycling

40 Kallipr Digital neighbourhood brings financial savings to Southeast Queensland

ASSOCIATIONS

50

VicWater Maintaining our water infrastructure during extreme weather events is of vital importance

54

IPWEA Australasia Asset managers – critical to Australia’s water resilience

PROFILE

56

42

kwik-ZIP Badgerys Creek project supported by kwikZIP

45

Maxibor Powerful pumps are at the heart of HDD maxi-rig spreads, and having access to these pumps is key to maintaining productivity

Seth Westra Climate risk and hydrology important infrastructure focus

LAST WORD

58

VEGA Pressure and level sensors are vital for biotechnological purposes, transforming many aspects of commerce and industry

Peter Colacino’s insight into Australia’s water infrastructure

26

Taggle Systems Leak detection tech develops alongside smart water meters

INDUSTRY INSIGHT

22

Interflow Innovative trenchless tech renews ageing pressure pipes

Finding leaks with pressure and AI Jessica Bohorquez has new technology that can find leaks with AI and pressure

Iota and South East Water Smart water underpins the evolution of smart cities as CEO of Australian smart water specialists Iota, Daniel Sullivan explains

Investing and innovating the intelligent way

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ifm efector The importance of automation and digital processes

COVER STORY

10

45

The lighter side of water

EVENTS

44 Inside Construction Expo 2023 Melbourne will host the 2023 Inside Construction Expo from 20-21 September

www.insidewater.com.au INSIDE WATER

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EDITOR’S Note

Waste not, want not Chief Executive Officer

As we enter 2023, it is an excellent opportunity to look at the state of water for the next 12 months.

In saying that, I am starting this letter in a small theatre in late October last year. While independent theatre feels like a long bow to stretch to get to the state of water in Australia, I was there for the preview of Urinetown: The Musical.

Urinetown: The Musical is dubbed a satirical comedy musical that first premiered in 2001. It seeks to satirise the legal system, capitalism, social irresponsibility, populism, bureaucracy, corporate mismanagement, and municipal politics.

With the entire musical based around a 20-year drought, there is no discussion of water recycling or how to manage water sustainably. Instead, the Australian actors take their spin on the American production by focusing on paying to use public restrooms.

The use of private toilets is considered unthinkable.

While this feels like an odd way to start an Editor’s letter, watching the show got me thinking about how we use water. More and more, Australian society is working towards the recycling and reuse of water wherever possible.

As Australian society seeks to recycle and reuse water, we need to rethink our water infrastructure. While it may not be the most visible issue in the industry, Peter Colacino from Avista Strategy has some interesting thoughts on how our water infrastructure could be adapted for changes in how we use water going forward.

You may be surprised to read an interview with the founder of Conserving Beauty, a skincare brand. However, Natassia Nicolao is a 28-year-old woman passionate

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about sustainability and skincare.

She founded her skincare brand with a commitment to minimise the use of water in her products, and her discussion of mapping her company’s blue water footprint is fascinating. It was incredible to hear about her desire to make a difference in the world through her company.

We also spoke to Dr Jessica Bohorquez, a researcher from Colombia now based in Adelaide.

Her research into pressure wave leak detection has seen her develop technology that could precisely pinpoint leaks.

In an environment where we need to look after water, it is also important to note our water authorities’ hard work during extreme weather events.

I must thank VicWater for connecting me with Goulburn Valley Water and Goulburn-Murray Water. They discussed the challenges of preparing for these events, dealing with them, and helping their communities recover from any extreme weather event. Their passion is evident in what they told me, which is always a pleasure.

I hope your entry to 2023 was delightful, and welcome to the January/February edition of Inside Water magazine.

INSIDE WATER January/February 2023

John Murphy john.murphy@primecreative.com.au

Chief Operating Officer Christine Clancy christine.clancy@primecreative.com.au

Group Managing Editor Sarah Baker sarah.baker@primecreative.com.au

Managing Editor Mike Wheeler mike.wheeler@primecreative.com.au

Editor Chris Edwards chris.edwards@primecreative.com.au

Design Daz Woolley/Tom Anderson

Head of Design Blake Storey blake.storey@primecreative.com.au

Design Production Manager Michelle Weston michelle.weston@primecreative.com.au

Business Development Manager Chelsea Daniel-Young chelsea.daniel@primecreative.com.au p: +61 425 699 878

Client Success Manager Glenn Delaney glenn.delaney@primecreative.com.au

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Articles All articles submitted for publication become the property of the publisher. The Editor reserves the right to adjust any article to conform with the magazine format.

Copyright

Chris Edwards, Inside Water Editor

Inside Water is owned by Prime Creative Media and published by John Murphy.

All material in Inside Water is copyright and no part may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means (graphic, electronic or mechanical including information and retrieval systems) without written permission of the publisher. The Editor welcomes contributions but reserves the right to accept or reject any material. While every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of information, Prime Creative Media will not accept responsibility for errors or omissions or for any consequences arising from reliance on information published. The opinions expressed in Inside Water are not necessarily the opinions of, or endorsed by the publisher unless otherwise stated.

PROTECTING OUR MOST VALUABLE RESOURCES The Hydroflux Group consists of eleven specialist water companies serving the municipal, mining & industrial sectors. Our offerings include design & construct projects, technology supply, aftermarket services and chemicals.

1300 417 697

www.hydroflux.com.au

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This issue at a glance Cover Story SUEZ Australia and New Zealand understand that the global water and waste sectors face environmental challenges with the move to net zero carbon. Utilities must now focus on innovation and integrating digital technologies to mitigate climate risks.

Pages 10-13.

Digital water infrastructure ifm efector is an automation, process, and communication sensing technology manufacturer. It has a strong focus on the water and wastewater industry.

Automation, cloud connectivity and visualisation of processes may be more synonymous with manufacturing than the water industry, despite advances in this vital industry. Pages 28-29.

Dr Jessica Bohorquez

Suez

Young Professional Conserving Beauty founder and CEO Natassia Nicolao is working hard to minimise the use of water in cosmetics.

By uniting skincare and sustainability, Nicolao is mapping her blue water footprint and talking openly about how partnerships are helping her forge a new path. Pages 14-16.

Dr Jessica Bohorquez has developed a system that uses AI to increase the chance of detecting cracks in pipes. The best way to picture Jessica’s work is to shout into a cave. In the case of her research, the echo is the pressure wave reflecting on different defects along the pipeline. Pages 18-20.

Industry Insight Peter Colacino is the former Chief of Policy and Research at Infrastructure Australia and is now a Partner at Avista Strategy. He believes we should think locally instead of grand projects regarding water infrastructure.

Pages 22-25.

Julia Seddon is the CEO of Cress Consulting, a subsidiary of Hydroflux.

She believes that Australia has enormous potential to do better regarding water recycling. It is a critical component for the future of water in Australia. Pages 26-27.

Natassia Nicolao

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INSIDE WATER January/February 2023

Iota and South East Water have been working on smart city projects across Australia. Smart cities are built on a foundation of water. Adopting digital water technologies is critical for helping cities build a resilient future in the face of extreme weather events and a changing climate. Pages 30-33

ifm efector

Iota

Physical water infrastructure Interflow has been partnering with Primus Line. A new solution is needed when faced with kilometres of old water and pressure sewer pipelines. Asset owners need a practical, long-term, and sustainable solution – and they may have found a sustainable outcome.

Pages 34-35

Interflow

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

“ When it came to our blue

water consumption, we got to a really granular level, talking to our suppliers.

”

Taggle Systems has rolled out its smart meters across Australia. This has resulted in other enterprises utilising the information to improve their business practices and even start a new business; such is the case for Global Leak Solutions. Pages 36-37

VEGA

VEGA has a range of pressure and level sensors that can be used in a variety of industries. One such industry is biotechnology. Biotechnological processes are transforming many aspects of commerce and industry.

Managing and monitoring those processes is vital, so having the right instruments for the job remains critical.

Pages 38-39 Kallipr is working with Unitywater on the Sunshine Coast to embrace the digital revolution. It has been viewed as a success story for Unitywater, with 1044 customers saving more than $821,000 in excess water bills and 178 million litres of water. Pages 40-41

centralisation challenges throughout the pipeline industry. Its HDX-90 spacers were used on a significant project in Badgerys Creek by Quickway.

Quickway is a contractor specialising in transport and utility infrastructure, having completed many projects around Australia. Pages 42-43 Maxibor understands that limited maxi-rigs and powerful mud pumps are available in the Australian HDD sector. Having ready access to multiple powerful mud pumps is key to maintaining productivity and mitigating the impact of unscheduled repairs.

Pages 45-46

Associations VicWater has worked with its members to help deal with extreme weather events in the past few years.

Understanding their infrastructure and working with local emergency groups has been vital for Goulburn Valley Water and Goulburn-Murray Water (GMW).

Pages 50-52 The Institute of Public Works Engineering Australasia (IPWEA) is the peak association for infrastructure asset managers and professionals who deliver public works and engineering services. Almost all of Australia and New Zealand’s professional consultancy firms specialising in public sector infrastructure have managers and staff members of IPWEA. Pages 54-55

Inside Construction Expo 2023

Events Inside Construction Expo 2023 will bring the major projects and civil infrastructure construction industry together on September 20 and 21 at the Melbourne Convention and Exhibition Centre – with a key focus on ‘Engineering the Future.’ Pages 48-49

kwik-ZIP centraliser and spacer systems are solving production casing IPWEA

kwiz-ZIP

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INSIDE WATER January/February 2023

VicWater

Profile Seth Westra is a professor from the University of Adelaide. He understands that the science of climate risks is one thing. Westra also understands how that information can be used to make better decisions and support communities across Australia to become more resilient. Pages 56-57

COVER SUEZ Australia and New Zealand

Creating circular solutions for utilities: the smart way The global water and waste sectors are facing environmental challenges with the move to net zero carbon. Utilities must now focus on innovation and integrating digital technologies to mitigate climate risks.

A NAME SYNONYMOUS with innovation, a leading water and wastewater management solutions company, SUEZ, has released a new strategic plan. The plan provides a roadmap for Australian water utilities to help them manage water and wastewater challenges coming to fruition over the next decade.

Globally, the plan includes a 50 per cent increase in the company’s research and development (R&D) budget. It also aims to boost investment by $1.3 billion in circular solutions for the water and waste sectors over the next five years.

The plan is centred around improving people’s quality of life on a day-to-day basis through water and waste innovations. This will help utilities in Australia better understand how to combat growing challenges such as flooding, droughts, energy issues, pipeline leaks and more.

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Adjusting to the new normal through digital technologies One development in the water sector is the implementation of digital technologies, including products such as IoT-connected devices and smart meters. These units can increase asset efficiency, improve customer experience, and ease communication between utilities and end-users.

SUEZ’s plan will harness digital technologies to help strengthen solutions for preserving water resources, combating pollutants, and recycling water. It will also seek to produce green energy from wastewater, reducing its customers’ carbon footprints.

The plan also highlights a continued investment in innovative water technology that preserves water by detecting network leaks and advising users on consumption and behind-the-meter leakage.

INSIDE WATER January/February 2023

SUEZ Australia and New Zealand focuses on digital solutions throughout their operations

It also seeks to provide utilities with a tool to interact with users through gamification.

These approaches will increase SUEZ’s global footprint, leading to improved wastewater recovery for reuse, energy harvesting and carbon footprint reduction, and water resilience. The company’s primary goal is to foster circular solutions, help customers through their ecological transitions and sustainably set up communities for generations to come.

Circular economy drives a green future A prime example of how SUEZ is spearheading ecological transition is with the Pau Béarn Pyrénées Agglomeration Community. Located in France under a consortium led by SUEZ, the project involves producing renewable energy by recovering energy from wastewater.

It achieves this through operating a wastewater treatment plant and constructing methanisation and methanation plants. These facilities work together to reduce biomethane emissions by 50 per cent, which plays a role in the

region’s ambitious initiative to adapt to climate change.

This Biofactory is helping to develop ten green resources. These green resources are biomethane, synthetic methane, biochar, heat, electricity, nitrogen fertiliser, oxygen, green hydrogen, reused water, and vegetable crops.

The project also features two global technological firsts. One is “ultradehydration” through hydrothermal carbonisation. It reduces sewage sludge volume by a factor of four.

It consumes three to four times less energy than a conventional thermal dryer.

The second technological development focuses on energy optimisation. The production of synthetic methane from the methanation of carbon dioxide (CO2, a greenhouse gas). This transforms all the CO2 emitted into synthetic methane, a renewable green gas.

The impact on Australian utilities SUEZ’s new strategic plan, coupled with its global research and

development projects, will provide new insights, supporting local utility operations in Australia to implement efficient water management methods under a streamlined operating model. These insights and new models will provide customers with a comprehensive approach to managing their utility assets across their entire lifecycle.

Australia also has robust plans to achieve carbon neutrality, and utilities can play a role by reducing emissions and creating green energy from their wastewater resource.

SUEZ Australia & New Zealand said these new research and innovation projects aim to add value for the company’s customers.

“Our strategic plan is about looking

The staff of SUEZ Australia and New Zealand work with numerous partners

Prospect Water Filtration Plant provides reliable drinking water to 85 per cent of Sydney’s population

holistically at water and wastewater and how we can revolutionise its management in Australia, supporting our customers in their journey of achieving carbon neutrality,” they said.

“It also explores how innovations can deliver long-term value to utility projects and the people and communities they serve. Given the impacts of climate change, we also need to consider how to make operations sustainable and optimise the efficiency of both existing and new assets. SUEZ has references and solutions ready to deploy in the local market.”

By innovating how utilities manage water, SUEZ can help them mitigate the impact of environmental challenges while improving the lives of their communities for the future.

Sustainable strategies for plant upgrades With terminologies such as ‘resiliency’ and ‘sustainability’ gaining popularity within the water sector, sustainable water infrastructure goes beyond ‘going green.’ It’s about creating reliable, consistent infrastructure that can be managed and maintained well into the future without compromising the environment. For a wastewater treatment plant, this may involve procuring technologies that boost energy-efficient treatment processes that meet the current and future needs of the environment.

Victorian utility, South East Water, contracted joint venture John

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COVER SUEZ Australia and New Zealand

Holland, SUEZ and Beca to deliver an upgrade of its Boneo Water Recycling Treatment Plant. SUEZ led an innovative, sustainable procurement strategy for the project and brought experience in process technology solutions and operational services to maximise the efficiency and performance reliability of the plant.

Initial works focused on incorporating leading low-energy nutrient removal and energy recovery processes to help South East Water achieve its emissions reduction target

of 45 per cent by 2025.

With the plant’s construction, the joint venture prioritised modernising the plant by utilising several breakthrough technologies, including optimised anaerobic digestion, Nitrite Shunt, and anammox sidestream.

These helped reduce South East Water’s reliance on grid electricity and improved capacity to serve the local community’s needs.

The project also prioritised transforming a conventional linear wastewater treatment plant into a

Australia’s iconic kangaroos curious to say hello outside the Prospect Water Filtration Plant

SUEZ Australia and New Zealand work to maximise sustainability throughout their operations

plant that creates circular solutions.

This involved reducing treatment expenses (including energy and chemicals) and reducing its carbon footprint. At the same time, they increased revenues from water, biosolids utilisation, energy recovery and nutrient recovery.

The procurement strategy allowed the joint venture to manage the interface risk of designing and constructing a complex technology upgrade, which resulted in Australia’s first SUEZ Biofactory.

The strategy also outlined the critical success factors for enabling innovation that can be replicated for different utilities. These included clear communication, a collaborative approach, interactive sessions, a desire for leading-edge technology, a long O&M period, not requiring a tender conforming to the reference design, and a genuine focus on the best whole-of-life cost.

Collaboration is key In part, this strategy was successful due to the collaborative nature of the joint venture, with a designer, constructor and operator committed for the entire contract term.

Peter Segura, SUEZ’s O&M Manager for the Boneo WRP Project, said that by working openly with South East Water throughout the project, SUEZ was able to ensure that all parties were comfortable with the innovative technology used.

“Clear communication was important to everyone involved. We needed to work together to ensure that South East Water ultimately received an asset that achieved their objectives and optimised capital costs without compromising integrity,” said Segura.

“We held interactive sessions with South East Water to test new technology and concepts, which helped us to come up with solutions

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INSIDE WATER January/February 2023

that best met their needs.”

South East Water’s General Manager – Liveable Water Solutions, Charlie Littlefair, spoke about how that collaboration played a crucial role in generating new ideas. It also promoted knowledge-sharing, which led to the procurement of innovative technology.

“For our Boneo project, SUEZ made sure that collaboration was at the core of our approach to innovation,” he said.

“By bringing together people with different ideas, views and experiences, the joint venture spurred new ideas, creating a joint momentum for disrupting the traditional way of doing things.”

provide an outline for how we can transform procurement in water and wastewater treatment.

“This will require a desire for leading-edge technology across the sector and a collaborative approach between our customers and communities.”

Procuring innovative technology helps utilities overcome their current sustainability challenges

The Boneo Water Recycling Plant is another example of innovative procurement Understanding their assets is a key component to successful operations

whilst future-proofing their assets.

This enables them to gain the most value across the entirety of their assets’ lifecycle by creating customised solutions that best meet their sustainability, financial and social needs.

For more information, please visit www.suez.com/en/australia-newzealand

Boneo WRP perfect example of innovative procurement The benefits of SUEZ’s approach to the project and the implementation of technological solutions included decreased project costs, reduced carbon footprints, and lower energy consumption. The overall success of SUEZ’s strategy provides other treatment plants with a template to implement new technology and produce innovative outcomes.

Rachael Nuttall, Business Development Manager at SUEZ, said, “We want our approach to innovation and solutions to serve as a roadmap for Australia’s utilities and www.insidewater.com.au INSIDE WATER

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YOUNG PROFESSIONALS Natassia Nicolao

Waterless beauty unites sustainability and skincare Water, aqua, eau, the universal solvent … water is the most common ingredient in the vast majority of cosmetics.

Conserving Beauty founder and CEO Natassia Nicolao is working hard to change this.

“WE LIVE IN Australia, in a global water crisis. Why are we not talking about our water footprint? We can actively choose packaging elements to reduce our waste footprint. We can offset our carbon footprint and reduce our emissions through other scopes. But why is nobody talking about water? That is wild, especially since other industries like agriculture and textiles are regulated in terms of their water usage. Why is that not the case for cosmetics?”

These are the words of Natassia Nicolao, the founder and CEO of Conserving Beauty. It is Australia’s first water-responsible beauty

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brand, and it is making waves. After launching in Australia and New Zealand in April 2022 with MECCA, Nicoloa took it to the UK in October 2022, which saw sales skyrocket through her retail partnership with Cult Beauty. In the next few months, Conserving Beauty will expand to other retailers across the UK, Europe, and the United States.

Conserving Beauty has exploded in the media since its launch because of its sustainable and waterless approach to skincare. Its world first dissolving makeup wipes and masks are biodegradable, falling apart in seconds when put in water. Its other

INSIDE WATER January/February 2023

Conserving Beauty founder Natassia Nicolao

products are similarly without any water at all.

On average, 60 to 85 per cent of the ingredients of a beauty product by volume is water. Some rinseoff products can contain up to 95 per cent water. At the same time, thousands of litres of water are used in growing and harvesting the ingredients, as well as manufacturing and transporting the products. What does it mean to be waterless?

Who is Natassia Nicolao?

Nicolao is a 28-year-old who sought to combine sustainability and skincare when founding Conserving Beauty – its sole focus is on preventing water wastage. Her team of five is working to provide a complete range of waterless skincare formulas.

Nicolao got started as a nerdy high school student who was also

“ Why can’t we build a supply

chain around actively reducing our water footprint? And that was like my moment.

”

obsessed with beauty. She studied biochemistry at university because she wanted to leave her options open and found that it was an excellent pathway for her future.

“I studied two sciences and two maths in high school. I was super nerdy and loved numbers. I loved chemistry because it felt like another maths class,” she said. “That extended to when I was thinking about what degree I wanted to do at university because I wasn’t 100 per cent sure.

I was considering research, and I did work experience in a lab, which I thought was cool.”

Opting for biochemistry within a Bachelor of Science gave Nicolao a range of options following graduation.

After working in ethical supply chain management, she found that her move into product development and formulation utilised her critical thinking, analysis, problem-solving, and solution-focused skills.

“As a self-described beauty junkie, I loved beauty and skincare because they allowed me to express myself however I wanted to be seen. I loved that as an outlet. Moving into beauty was not discussed at university,” said Nicolao. “Then I fell into beauty, stayed there, and decided I wanted to find a better way to create beauty products.”

The difference Nicolao is trying to make That better way focuses on the use of water from two different aspects.

The first aspect is in the ingredients of her products. Nicolao does not use any water in any of her products.

The first question she asked herself was, why?

“Why is water in there? Is it meant to benefit our skin directly?

In real terms, it is an affordable solvent to keep product costs low or to use certain water-soluble

Conserving Beauty manufactures its products in Australia AWW Women of Future Awards finalists, Nicolao second from left

ingredients,” she said. “The industry uses thousands of litres of water to create a beauty product that is mostly water, shipped in plastic with a sprinkle of the active ingredients.

Why can’t we take the water out and give people all the good stuff?”

This is easy to achieve for some skincare products, such as oils and balms. However, other products can be more complicated.

“The majority of clay masks on the market today are 90 per cent water, 10 per cent clay. Our clay masks are 40 per cent clay. That was really hard from a research and development standpoint. The manufacturer said there was no way we were making a waterless clay mask. I said let’s try, and if I’m wrong, I’m wrong. We eventually got there, but it was hard work to get the right ingredients and consistency,” said Nicolao.

The masks and wipes are a different question. All the technology was new, requiring new tools, training, and specialised facilities to achieve their ultimate goal.

“The fact that we wanted to manufacture in Australia makes everything about 10 times more expensive,” Nicolao said. “We need

www.insidewater.com.au INSIDE WATER

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YOUNG PROFESSIONALS Natassia Nicolao

people touching the line to ensure everything goes in and comes out right. Our first run had about 30 per cent wastage, but we have been tweaking it and improving everything. I’m proud to manufacture in Australia, have local employment and own our IP.” Tracking their water footprint On the other side of the coin is tracking its actual water usage throughout the entire process. This element of sustainability is vital for enterprises looking to reduce their global water footprint.

Nicolao is not just considering the company’s blue water consumption but also its grey water consumption.

Conserving Beauty partnered with the Water Footprint Network, a notfor-profit based in the Netherlands.

Together, they measured the amount of water used to produce each product Conserving Beauty makes.

“When it comes to our blue water consumption, we got down to a really granular level. We spoke to individual crop growers that were growing our sunflower seeds for sunflower oil from Ukraine and asked them exactly how much water they were using,” said Nicolao. “Another aspect of measuring their water footprint was determining if we were growing an ingredient in a country facing higher water scarcity than another. That would contribute to a larger water footprint.”

Nicolao explained that other aspects included finding out about irrigation systems and capturing rainwater at each ingredient supplier and following that all the way up the chain to its manufacturing plants in Sydney and Melbourne. The goal was to measure the company’s exact

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INSIDE WATER January/February 2023

Nicolao addressing a Women in Business function

water footprint. Conserving Beauty is not just stopping with its blue water footprint either.

“We have started to work on our grey water footprint, which will look at our down-the-drain impact,” she said. “Wipes are a great example because they can dissolve in water.

It means you can get rid of them wherever you are already using water. Our grey water footprint is significantly smaller compared to a standard makeup wipe that does not use biodegradable ingredients that do not dissolve.”

Partnerships When looking at partnerships and working with others, the Australian Water Association (AWA) featured Conserving Beauty and Nicolao as its first beauty brand that had become a member. In the eyes of Nicolao, it was quite the serendipitous meeting of minds.

“The AWA published an article in May 2022 about new standards for flushable wipes,” she said.

“I was interested in getting this certification for our wipes since they could dissolve in less than one minute. The AWA was a bit thrown by us reaching out at first, but once they realised what we were trying to

achieve, they were delighted to have us as members.”

The standard in question required products with the flushable symbol to pass six tests to ensure they are suitable for the sewers, including being able to readily break into pieces smaller than 2.45 cm after one hour. Sydney Water has claimed that 75 per cent of sewer blockages involve flushed wet wipes, rising to 93 per cent in the UK, according to Water UK. The future for Conserving Beauty and Nicolao With new products coming in the next year or two, and new markets in which to launch, Nicolao has a lot on her plate. However, she has been clear on her goals for Conserving Beauty from the beginning.

“I want to be part of the solution,” she said. “I want to be part of how we can help improve it. It’s exciting and optimistic to be part of a business in which our entire premise for existing is to do that. Any opportunity to collaborate, attend events, partner with someone or do a press interview is meaningful.

I hope it inspires people to start thinking about their water footprint and ways to reduce it.”

THE FLOW-ON EFFECT How ifm is helping wastewater treatment companies such as Aerofloat protect our most precious resource

While Australia is blessed with an abundance of natural resources, water is not among them. Which is why it is crucial for Australia’s water network to explore more sophisticated and effective methods of treating water so that it is safe to drink.

THE FLOW-ON EFFECT How ifm is helping wastewater treatment companies such as Aerofloat protect our most precious resource

This is one of the core goals of ifm, who are working with Australian wastewater treatment companies to streamline their operations and make them more efficient through the integration of digital sensor technology.

This white paper discusses the challenges around water treatment and how ifm is working with industry to address these. It also highlights the partnership between ifm and Australian wastewater treatment specialist, Aerofloat, and how ifm’s sensors and easy-to-use IO-Link connectivity solution has saved time and costs for Aerofloat’s customers.

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YOUNG PROFESSIONALS Jessica Bohorquez

Finding leaks with pressure and AI It can be challenging to find a water leak within a network of pipes. Colombian-Australian researcher Dr Jessica Bohorquez has developed a system that uses AI to increase the chance of detecting cracks.

DR JESSICA BOHORQUEZ completed her Bachelor’s and Master’s Degrees at the Universidad de Los Andes in Bogota, Colombia.

She graduated Summa Cum Laude with her Bachelor’s in Civil Engineering, studying the use of drag-reducing agents in heavy crude oil pumping. Bohorquez completed her Master of Science in Civil Engineering, graduating Cum Laude.

She majored in Water Resources and Hydroinformatics, with her thesis titled Optimization in valve operation for minimising transient flow effects in Water Distribution Systems.

Moving from civil engineering to water and pipes “I didn’t know much about the water industry within civil engineering. I

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thought civil engineering was about bridges, buildings, and roads. Halfway through my degree, I started taking water-related courses and realised it was a fascinating industry to be involved in,” she said.

Bohorquez got the opportunity to work in a research group focused on water infrastructure early in her undergraduate degree. She spoke to Inside Water about pipeline design, inspection, and modelling – crucial aspects of her research.

“That was the area I eventually focused on for my research,” she said.

“I started as an undergraduate research assistant in Colombia and became a lecturer at the university before coming to Australia. I spent a lot of time in the research group, and I will always be thankful to collaborate with them.”

INSIDE WATER January/February 2023

Dr Jessica Bohorquez

“I met my supervisors, Professors Angus Simpson and Martin Lambert, at a conference back in 2015,” Bohorquez said. “At the time, I was finishing my master’s and wanted to stay in research. We had a conversation and just clicked. We kept in contact, and I discovered I could get a scholarship to come to Australia. I applied successfully, and I’ve been in Adelaide since 2017.”

Bohorquez studied under Professors Simpson, Lambert and Dr Bradley Alexander at the University of Adelaide from 2017 to 2021, completing her PhD in civil engineering.

Since moving to Australia, Bohorquez developed a more focused interest in pipeline inspection and leaks. Her supervisors have been vital to that. One thing that she was intrigued about was the use of pressure waves to find leaks and bursts. The connection between the three is one of the reasons Bohorquez moved to Australia to continue her research.

“My supervisors have been working on this area for over two decades,” she said. “We discussed a common interest in hydraulic transients, also known as water hammer. It is a type of pressure wave that moves quickly

“We measure the change in pressure

at a very high frequency and interpret what those changes mean.

”

along a pipe. Understanding how this wave propagates is vital, and we have been trying to work out how to use them to inspect pipelines.”

The key takeaway from her research is the combination of artificial intelligence (AI) with pressure waves to find faults in major water pipelines faster than existing methods. She is utilising the deep learning capabilities of AI to increase the chances of detecting cracks in pipes.

“In a country where water is scarce, there is an urgent need for this technology,” she said. “At the moment, about 15 per cent of treated drinking water is lost through cracks in pipes before it reaches households in some cities in Australia. These cracks are sometimes tiny and almost impossible to locate.”

The best way to picture Bohorquez’s work is to shout into a cave. In the case of her research, the echo is the pressure wave reflecting on different defects along the pipeline.

“One of the big advantages is that we can see changes in the pressure wave that are indicative of changes in the pipeline,” she said. “For example, we can close a valve along the

Bohorquez presenting at the 2019 Three Minute Thesis Asia Pacific Final

Bohorquez conducting field research

pipeline quickly to create a wave of pressure. We can find changes in materials, leaks, corrosion, or bursts.”

The big step in Bohorquez’s research is her consideration of creating an algorithm that can read the pressure waves when they reflect along the pipeline. She worked with her supervisors to develop a

machine-learning tool to process the information. Bohorquez wanted to see if it was possible to train an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to the point where it would provide a quicker and more accurate answer.

“Our results so far indicate that once fully trained, the AI can pick a leak within three per cent of its actual location just a few seconds after the pressure wave has passed it,” she said. The future of this technique aims to design sensors connected to an AI system that learns to identify the small and short-lived changes in the behaviour of the wave when it encounters a defect in the pipe wall.

Other techniques in waves When considering the thought of an echo in a cave, a variation of that technique is also used in Adelaide.

While it is not a focus of Bohorquez’s research, she understands the importance of acoustic waves in detecting leaks.

“There is a whole project here in the Adelaide CBD around it. Colleagues have deployed acoustic sensors that

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YOUNG PROFESSIONALS Jessica Bohorquez

do a short recording every night between 2am and 3am. With that processing, they can also find leaks in pipelines,” she said.

The difference between the two techniques is the balance of accuracy and distance. Both waves spread throughout the pipes in different ways. That impacts the distance they can travel, as well as their accuracy.

“Acoustic waves tend to propagate over a shorter distance than pressure waves. However, acoustic waves could provide more detail that enhances accuracy. Understanding that balance is important, and we can also use both technologies together,” Bohorquez said.

She gave an example of searching pipelines of 50 to 100 kilometres with pressure waves. That could provide results to the nearest 10 to 20 metres, which allows for better

s

use of acoustic waves in that smaller area. That smaller area could allow for pinning a leak or a burst pipe down to a much shorter distance.

Future developments One of the challenges of using waves to find leaks and bursts is understanding the dissipation of the waves throughout a complex pipe network.

“Both acoustic and pressure waves will bounce and reflect off everything they find. In a network, the topology is far more complex. It means that the waves dissipate quickly, so, at the moment, we can lose a lot of information quickly. That’s one of the challenges with the technology now,” Bohorquez said. “It will be a fantastic technique for really long underground pipelines.”

Another focus of the research group Bohorquez is part of is to

Bohorquez at the University of Adelaide, where she completed her PhD

develop the technology on a commercial scale. So far, they have developed a platform that will work on most pipes. The goal is to create a solution that allows for the relevant data to be plugged in so that companies know where the leaks are in their pipes.

“We can create a model that can be customised for each system. It allows us to train the data for their systems to help their algorithm learn quickly and adjust to the intricacies of their network,” she said.

Her future Bohorquez has continued her postdoctoral research part-time at the University of Adelaide. She is also working at Inside Infrastructure, a consultancy and advisory firm that is part of Ricardo PLC. Her work in consultancy has allowed her to see what else is out there in the water industry. “I really want to get to the point where my communications skills are at the forefront of what I do,” she said. “I want to improve the industry and help solve problems in a way that provides many opportunities for me to progress.”

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INDUSTRY INSIGHT Infrastructure

Go local for future water infrastructure projects Sometimes, when people think about Australia’s water infrastructure projects, they think about grand projects like big dams and desalination. However, in the eyes of Peter Colacino, Partner at Avista Strategy, they should be thinking locally.

“FUNDAMENTALLY, OUR EXPECTATIONS of water infrastructure are shifting. Climate, personal preference, constraints on the market, and all these things place pressure on water. This change will require us to think differently about water services and delivering the infrastructure to support them.

These are the words of Peter Colacino. The former Chief of Policy and Research at Infrastructure Australia, Colacino is now a Partner at Avista Strategy, an advisory firm bringing together global leaders from across the infrastructure lifecycle with a vision to transform how infrastructure is planned and delivered. Avista Strategy was

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formed in recognition that there is widespread acceptance of the need for change in the industry. However, infrastructure owners and delivery agencies would benefit from an experienced partner to support their efforts to embed more collaborative and progressive delivery models into their work.

Colacino’s insight into the infrastructure industry stems from his background as a geographer, which he explains as bridging the gap between understanding people and their interactions with the built and natural environment.

“For me, geography is partly about understanding how people and places receive services from

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The Warragamba Dam is a water project also expected to provide additional resilience benefits

infrastructure and the outcomes those services deliver. It is so much more than concrete and steel, but about supporting quality of life, standard of living and sustainability,” said Colacino. “Additionally, infrastructure is one of only a few that really has the potential to change people’s lives every day. For instance, when we think about water, it has had such a critical impact on Australians. We had to build a lake for our capital city so we could have a connection to water.”

Water infrastructure at a turning point in Australia Colacino believes that Australia’s water industry and, more broadly, water infrastructure is at a critical turning point. Three specific points are all competing for attention: climate change adaptation, carbon mitigation, and the current state of water infrastructure.

“We already know that we will have to adapt to the changing patterns of rainfall, runoff, expectations of water consumption and its use. Australians will no doubt be looking at whether our infrastructure is in the right locations, as well as water-sensitive urban design and how we use water in green and blue infrastructure,” said Colacino.

One area he pointed out that needed more attention in the water industry was carbon mitigation.

While many water authorities focus on renewable energy use, Colacino had another concern.

“With the industry gearing up for a wave of construction, the carbon production associated with construction materials, especially cement and steel, must also be a focus,” he said.

The third of the triumvirate of Australia’s water infrastructure issues is that the industry tends to

be reactive to maintenance and long-term planning challenges.

That comes from much of the infrastructure being buried, so problems are only identified once things go wrong. Colacino believes that the industry needs to improve its understanding of asset conditions to ensure that established assets can continue to deliver value in our cities.

At the same time, water infrastructure has been vital in developing agriculture and other uses for productive water. Colacino pointed out that Australia has a long history of schemes in this field, such as the Snowy Mountains Hydro Scheme or Murray Irrigation, and has been regarded as a leader.

“More recently, it’s been

Peter Colacino, of Avista Strategy

Queensland and Tasmania’s irrigation schemes that have really come to the fore,” he said. “Irrigation in Tasmania has been vital in building the food brand of the Apple Isle, supporting that industry, and creating jobs in high-order agriculture.

Partnerships vital for water infrastructure in Australia While the industry is at a turning point in terms of infrastructure assets, Colacino noted that Australia was already a leader in adopting new commercial delivery models for water infrastructure structured around long-term sustainable partnerships.

He pointed to Project 13, a new delivery model for infrastructure

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INDUSTRY INSIGHT Infrastructure

projects. It came about from a partnership initiative between the Institution of Civil Engineers in the UK and the World Economic Forum.

Owners, partners, advisers, and suppliers come together in a more integrated and collaborative set of arrangements underpinned by longterm and sustainable relationships.

Every party is incentivised to deliver better outcomes under such an arrangement.

Colacino views long-term partnerships as vital for both government and enterprise. They provide an opportunity for both sides to work together to find innovative solutions to problems.

It also provides certainty around capacity and capability requirements, generating long-term relationships within the supply chain beyond

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a single project cycle. Those relationships support innovation, capability building, workforce training and skills development.

“It’s very difficult to develop skills that normally take four years if your project is over in two or three years. Creating a skill pool to sustain the long-term infrastructure pipeline is almost impossible. On the other hand, if you know you will be attached to a program for ten years, you can build out skills and capabilities. At the end of that contract, those people are still in Australia and have increased skill sets and capabilities. This approach to long-term relationships, skills development, and career pathways can help the water industry stand out as the place to work,” said Colacino.

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Water infrastructure needs to think about the impact on communities

Why local could be better for Australia Colacino believes that locally distributed solutions could be the direction for future water infrastructure in Australia. He looked at the uptake of solar panels in Australian homes as an analogy to what could happen in the future.

“One of the consequences of that uptake of solar PV has been challenging discussions around electricity distribution infrastructure, further complicated by electric vehicles,” he said. “We need to recognise that as we deploy grey and brown water solutions, along with water tanks for home irrigation, there will be consequences for maintaining water distribution infrastructure.”

However, that provides opportunities to improve resilience within the system by making systems more local. This comes with understanding the changes in consumer expectations around infrastructure, which is becoming more personalised and more attuned to environmental concerns.

“There is an opportunity to defray significant network costs by moving to local collection and use. We need water every day, so we cannot afford to miss a connection to it. It requires a complete rethink of the network infrastructure in terms of planning and delivery to support such a system. However, these long-term partnerships and asset management programmes are vital in that context.

They allow everyone to think about how the network might evolve,” said Colacino.

Another important aspect of being local and outcome-driven is for the water sector to not only manage the delivery of potable water to residents and communities but also

the extraction of wastewater or stormwater harvesting. Colacino believes that they need to think about the alternate uses of water and their grading to support the natural environment, renaturalisation of stormwater channels, urban cooling, and other greening infrastructure.

“All these things tie into a much more complex understanding of outcomes than just focusing on getting water into a glass. If we focus on that, we are myopically driven and ignoring those extra benefits. There’s this huge area of additional value that the water sector can deliver on,” he said.

Supporting rural and regional Australia Colacino believes that fundamental

differences can be made for some of Australia’s remote communities when looking at locally distributed networks and the language of microgrids.

“The Water Services Association of Australia lean into improving water outcomes for Indigenous Australians.

They’re touching on infrastructure to achieve this goal,” he said. “Our minds tend to be drawn towards big projects, but we do small projects really well in Australia. One of the real opportunities for us is to think about how water can improve health and life outcomes in rural and regional communities, particularly Indigenous communities.”

Innovations around containerised water treatment facilities and local skills development focusing

Stormwater beach discharge is treated to minimise environmental impact

on maintenance are meaningful opportunities and transformations that the water sector could be driving.

“The 2021 Australian Infrastructure Plan reflected on water being used for cooling because there was an absence of air-conditioning or fans. So, there’s an interplay between infrastructure types, in that access to better electricity, or more climate-sensitive housing options, can support reduced water consumption in some communities,” said Colacino.

“There’s a really clear opportunity, in which the water sector is already leading to some extent, to work with those regional and remote communities to support living standards and to improve health outcomes.”

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INDUSTRY INSIGHT Cress Consulting

More work needed for Australian water recycling Water recycling is a critical component for the future of water in Australia. Cress Consulting CEO Julia Seddon believes that Australia has enormous potential to do better.

“WATER IS STILL a significant issue, and it’s still poorly managed and understood. It’s like a big invisible risk for many businesses and communities. We face different types of water risks, sometimes several at once. There are many issues around equity and access to the water resource too.”

This is the assessment of water from Julia Seddon, CEO of Cress Consulting. Cress Consulting is committed to finding the right solutions for businesses to help achieve a sustainable, secure future.

It believes organisations need to understand the risks of climate

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change and water scarcity to ensure they can create a more resilient, sustainable, and profitable future for their business.

Cress Consulting also believes that working towards a more sustainable business model offers opportunities to save costs and improve operational efficiency, performance, and reputation.

Documenting climate and water risks In the eyes of Seddon, some businesses are getting better at documenting their climate and water risks.

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More water recycling is needed but must be fit for purpose.

“I see some businesses doing a fantastic job addressing or dealing with the challenge of climate change,” said Seddon. “Water is often how we experience climate change, whether it’s drought or flood.

Farmers have to respond to the climate they’re presented with, and as a sector, agriculture is quite good at adapting to that and recognising the need for change.”

However, she noted that many businesses aren’t making enough changes. There are also reports on environmental, social and governance (ESG) that look great but, in the eyes of Seddon, smells of smoke, mirrors and greenwashing.

“If you’re a business, you need water at some point. You will face the impacts of climate change at some point along your supply chain, your value chain, or with your clients.

It is worth doing it well and doing it properly,” said Seddon.

“It makes sense from a practical perspective,” she said. “If you want to be in business for a long time, if you want to keep employing new people and providing your customers with your product, you need to do that sustainably. Otherwise, you’ll be driven out of business because of an event, the availability of material or the cost of not adapting. All business models must consider their sustainability issues and address them properly.”

The importance of water recycling The recycling and reuse of water is a critical issue that Australia needs to address correctly and do properly.

“There’s a whole process that you need to go through in terms of making sure that you’ve addressed the water quality risks and producing water that’s fit for purpose,” Seddon said. “Any water is a resource that could be harnessed and harvested.

I’d like to see a lot more of that.”

She believes that the water industry is doing a lot of things well,

including trying to price water at all levels accurately.

“I know a lot of industries, including the water industry, do a lot of work on determining the true cost of water. They are working out how much it costs to pump it. They know there is a lot of energy involved in moving water around. You could be heating or cooling it, adding chemicals to it, all sorts of different things,” said Seddon.

Those costs are not reflected in the broader community. Water may be worth more than people anticipate due to the costs associated with managing and moving it. Thinking locally could be vital to improving rates of water recycling.

“While some communities may object to a water recycling facility nearby, it’s all in the perception,” said Seddon.

“When I was in the food industry, we never talked about recycled water. We talked about advanced water because it came through an advanced water treatment process.

The way we talk about things is critical.”

Julia Seddon is CEO of Cress Consulting

The reverse osmosis micro filtration systems are key for water recycling

What water stewardship means for Australia At the same time, people and enterprises must understand water stewardship. Water stewardship moves beyond water efficiency; it’s about knowledge and understanding collaboratively to improve how the water a business relies on is managed. Increasing security of water supply without impacting others can reduce the risk of water scarcity in a business’s operations.

“Water stewardship is about water risk management and sustainable water management,” said Seddon.

“But it’s also about environmental, social, and economically sustainable water use and management. The adage of waste not want not really applies here. Water stewardship is about caring for a shared resource, so one principle is to be frugal with it and reuse where you can.”

Seddon believes that water stewardship encapsulates water recycling because it does not take resources away from one part of the community, society, or environment.

It is taking care of a shared resource.

“When the industry thinks about water recycling and stewardship, it’s not just about processing their products or keeping your factory clean. It’s about providing the right quality and volume of water at the right cost for every section of society.”

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FOCUS Digital water infrastructure

The importance of automation and digital processes ifm efector is an automation, process, and communication sensing technology manufacturer. National product and brand Manager Glenn Thornton explains its industrial focus.

IFM’S PRODUCTS RANGE from factory effluent monitoring and control to automation within water authorities. It incorporates its solutions around customer needs by focusing on overall process efficiencies, productivity, quality, and reduced downtime.

The scope of automation reaches all industries at all levels. Everyone is surrounded by technology. It’s just there and expected to be a part of our daily lives, but what about our working lives? Some industries have taken the “digital” leap towards machines and processes connected to higher-level technology to improve production rates, efficiency, and quality of products to market.

Regarding water and wastewater,

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the word “technology” requires deeper exploration and understanding. Automation, cloud connectivity, and visualisation of process is synonymous with manufacturing. It is not often associated with the water and wastewater industry. That is despite there being some significant advances in this vital industry.

With automation entering the field over the years, process information is more readily available.

It improves overall operational visibility, functionality, and efficiency.

Advancement in automation and communications technologies has created new pathways for Australian companies to innovate and shape the future by bringing the best

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Flow sensors are vital for understanding processes

available technologies to accelerate critical and crucial changes.

The question is, how do you facilitate the transition from traditional to advanced operations?

How do you take full advantage of potential positive opportunities arising from these new and emerging technologies?

What do digital processes mean to the water sector?

There is a newly coined phrase, “Digital Factory,” but it is the “Digital Process.” It includes everything from manufacturing to logistics, processing, mining through to wastewater control and municipal vehicles.

Digital technology phrases, Smart Factories, and Industry 4.0 are all about connectivity, visualisation of processes and decision-making in real-time. Digital technology is commonplace in domestic items connected to the internet. The term is the Internet of Things (IoT). The difference between domestic (IoT) to industrial devices is that they are designed to endure the extreme demands of the industry. As such, they are known as the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT).

To begin advancing your process is easier than you would think.

Many enterprises start with a lowcost solution for a critical asset or process. They see what information is sent to their PC or smart device.

With this, businesses then make decisions to improve the process.

Sensor and solution technologies from ifm have proven that they help improve processes and reliability. The company’s intelligent monitoring solutions can assist in the control of most plant operations.

The concept is about processes connected with technology at a local level within a plant or factory or over the internet using cloud solutions.

With the rapid growth of digitalisation, a sensor with the standard “on-off” signal now has abundant data inbuilt. The sensors begin their journey into the “Smart Factory,” or Smart Process”.

Producing goods, monitoring water processes, or irrigating a large farm is no longer a shot in the dark. A higher level of informed decision-making creates a sophisticated plant with optimised knowledge.

By starting small with a simple, low-cost system on a critical asset or process, customers will learn what information is accessible. With this, they can make decisions on process improvements and process security.

Reverse osmosis technology requires highquality sensors connected to a digital framework

What can ifm offer? ifm efector customers have taken up the digitalisation of their processes.

They are reaping enormous benefits with machinery that is not just automated at the plant level. That machinery is now connected to networks that give 24/7 global information. This opens the potential

The right pressure sensor combines seamlessly with the digital transition

for small businesses and large corporations to improve efficiencies and reliability due to less downtime and greater machine availability.

Customers have all reported higher machine uptime, improved quality assurance (QA) and reduced losses.

Sensors and connected devices from ifm are no longer considered cost-prohibitive once the system cost is explained and the return on investment is proven.

Technical advancements bring transparency. It integrates with processing that is fully connected and integrated with data-backed

decision-making across any facility.

These innovations and technology are not just for manufacturing. They include mining, agriculture, water and wastewater, HVAC, commercial buildings, municipal vehicles, and road working machinery. The list is endless.

Maintenance programs with condition monitoring connected to cloud networks with data available and analysed 24 hours a day could be the difference between success and failure for plants and machinery.

By researching the available technologies, you will gain insights that present opportunities to critically re-evaluate your current processes and highlight how future problems can be tackled, improved, and resolved. Production and process improvements, inefficiencies and waste is reduced or removed altogether. By undertaking this change, clients then future-proof their business, bringing a higher level of product and brand security.

The cost and time of deploying technology continue to fall. These factors will no longer be a deciding factor in choosing technology.

It will result from technological improvements, including remote access, communication and monitoring, that will drive change.

For more information, visit www.ifm.com/au/en

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FOCUS Digital water infrastructure

Smart water underpins the evolution of smart cities Liveable cities are built on a foundation of available and healthy water. Adopting digital technologies is critical to help cities build a more resilient future in the face of climate change, rising customer and community expectations and the need to conserve water.

FROM INCREASINGLY SEVERE storms to less overall rainfall and hotter temperatures, the effects of climate change are being felt across cities globally. According to the United Nations, climate change is primarily a water crisis: “Sustainable water management is central to building the resilience of societies and ecosystems and to reducing carbon emissions.”

To help build resilience, cities are

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becoming more intelligent and embracing innovation in how they manage water – a fundamental resource and critical factor in urban growth and liveability.

The gap between global water supply and demand is projected to reach 40 per cent by 2030 if current practices continue (World Economic Forum, Sep 2022). With leakage globally estimated by the World Bank to be 30 per cent of the urban water

INSIDE WATER January/February 2023

Understanding the needs of local residents is a key function of smart cities Port Phillip Bay is central to life in Melbourne, and smart utilities support its smart city aspirations

supply, water authorities are turning to technology to support a water secure future.

What are smart cities?

An important element of being a smart city is understanding how the built environment is operating and ensuring citizens feel empowered to improve how their city works.

A key enabler of smart cities is the Internet of Things (IoT) – sensors, smart meters, lights and other devices connected to the Internet.

The data can be used to manage assets, resources and services more efficiently.

“In many Phase 1 projects, enterprises focused on a single use case and on acquiring the data streams from single sources,” said Bill Rojas, Adjunct Research Director at IDC Asia Pacific. “But as organisations gain a deeper data-driven understanding of their operations, they can start to use other data sources (such as geolocation, machine maintenance data, weather, transactions activity, vehicular telemetric traffic data, and so on) to improve their analytics and expand beyond the original use case.”

It’s a trend Daniel Sullivan has noticed in the water sector. The CEO of Australian smart water specialists Iota says customers often experience a ‘light bulb moment’ after using IoT technologies such as smart meters for the first time.

“We’re talking potential savings of

thousands of dollars on their bills and happier customers.

”

“Take one of our customers, a large council in Queensland. Suddenly, they’ve got this data they’ve never had before from digital meters,” said Sullivan. “They share more broadly within the council and now know when people are using offices in the city. That feeds into other major planning decisions. It was not considered in the original business

case, but now you have valuable and useful insights”.

Innovation in the water sector “It’s not just clean drinking water, which is often taken for granted.

During the Millennium drought, widely recognised as the worst on record, many parks and sports fields were brown and unplayable. There’s

Melbourne is rapidly becoming a smart city Aquarevo incorporates blue and grey water solutions for residential communities

a well-being impact in having green, healthy spaces for communities,” said Sullivan. He believes that the water sector is hungry for innovation and as water underpins liveability in cities, it can have a huge impact on communities and people’s lives.

Like many water industry leaders, Sullivan believes climate change impacts the industry differently.

Melbourne’s catchments rely heavily on rainfall, but it has been steadily declining for the past 50 years. With Melbourne’s population predicted to double by 2070, there is an understanding across the sector that there needs to be a change in how we use water.

South East Water fielded strong industry interest in innovations it developed in response to the Millennium drought. As a result, it established a wholly owned subsidiary – Iota to incubate, develop and commercialise a portfolio of technologies for the global water sector.

“Digital metering is a great example

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neighbourhood level, which has the potential to drive competition around water conservation.”

Sullivan said that financial and environmental sustainability benefits from the amount of granular data that smart water infrastructure collects. of how customers react to smart technology,” he said. “South East Water has over 65,000 smart meters deployed with customers, and they are alerted when there is a leak on their property. As part of that, we tell them how much money it will cost them if they do not fix the leak. We are also doing a lot of work around gamifying water conservation at the street and

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CEO of Australian smart water specialists Iota, Daniel Sullivan

Fishermans Bend is one of the largest smart precincts in the world

INSIDE WATER January/February 2023

Water-sensitive precincts realised through IoT technologies South East Water’s Aquarevo residential precinct project might be the most water-sensitive development in the world. The project’s integrated rain-to-hot water systems, smart water tanks, sensors and a pressure sewer system are all designed to reduce the reliance on drinking water where it is not required.

“Integrated water management needs IoT technology to realise its potential. If you can’t monitor the flow or control the quality of water, and if you can’t predict what’s going to happen and adapt, it’s difficult to make integrated water management work. In terms of smart cities, they work best when they’re built off the back of smart utilities because the business case is really robust,” said Sullivan.

This joint venture with Villawood Properties supported other government initiatives to help secure current and future water supplies. The innovative approach at Aquarevo was replicated at Fishermans Bend, an ambitious 480 hectare urban renewal

Fast fact While IoT technology has a range of applications, research firm IDC suggests local councils and utilities are among the top industries spending on IoT technologies. Together, they’re responsible for a combined 17.2 per cent of total market spend in AsiaPacific. IoT spending in the region is estimated to reach $437 billion by 2025, IDC predicts, as the benefits of smart infrastructure come to the fore.

project. By 2050, it will be home to 80,000 people and over 80,000 jobs across multiple sectors, and is set to become Australia’s largest Green Star Community.

“South East Water wants to create a water-sensitive precinct that accounts for residents living there, students studying there and people working there,” said Sullivan.

Future-proofing technology to underpin water security The issue of water security is not unique to Australia. Water utilities worldwide are exploring smart sensors to reduce bursts and leaks, prevent sewer spills, realise integrated water management projects and provide greater insight into customer behaviour.

Sullivan highlighted the critical importance of presenting a positive business case, given the significant

The Yarra River forms a critical part of Melbourne’s ecosystem

upfront investment. “It can cost a bit more today to future-proof yourself for tomorrow,” he said.

“And if you have a tight budget, it can be hard to look over the horizon.

We’re fortunate in the water sector.

We have a strong business case around IoT and digital metering that we can build on.”

With global cities at various stages of their smart trajectories, Sullivan is particularly excited about the potential for customers who embrace open standards. Doing so prevents customers from being locked into a particular ecosystem.

Open standards tend to attract more innovation.

“You’re preserving that freedom should new technologies develop down the track.”

For more information, visit iotaservices.com.au

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FOCUS Physical water infrastructure

Innovative trenchless tech renews ageing pressure pipes When faced with kilometres of old water and pressure sewer pipelines, a new solution is needed. Asset owners need a practical, long-term, and sustainable solution – and they may have found a sustainable outcome.

PRIMUS LINE, A flexible liner reinforced with aramid fabric, is getting buzz for all the right reasons.

This technology provides a practical, high-quality lining solution for ageing pressure pipelines that is both environmentally friendly and cost-effective.

Fergus Meyer is a Project Manager at Interflow, a provider of pipeline infrastructure solutions, and understands the challenges asset owners face when tackling the problem of ageing infrastructure.

“Many projects have been sitting in ‘too hard’ baskets for years, waiting for the right technology and delivery partner to come along,” he said.

“Environmental constraints, budget limitations and delivery risk are all factors that can stop a project from getting off the ground,” said Meyer.

“The key is engaging suppliers early and coming up with solutions together. So is keeping an open mind to alternate proposals at the time of tender. This can really open the door to affordable and eco-friendly solutions, like Primus Line.”

Elect, Daniel Weaver, was confident that the partnership would benefit both organisations’ customers and communities.

“Interflow and Primus Line are both family-owned companies that share similar core values,” he said.

“These synergies, combined with our drive to solve customers’ problems by using innovative and cuttingedge technologies, will enable us to continue to deliver reliable outcomes for our customers and the communities we serve.”

Peter Lischewski, Managing Director of Primus Line, pointed to the significance of this partnership.

“This is a fantastic opportunity for both companies to demonstrate their commitment to innovation and producing high-quality outcomes,”

Partnership between Interflow and Primus Line Interflow has partnered with Primus Line to provide an innovative system to the Australian and New Zealand markets. After signing a five-year exclusivity agreement, both companies have made an impact throughout the year. They have worked together to rehabilitate some of Australia and New Zealand’s most challenging pressure pipelines.

At the time of the signing, Interflow’s Managing Director

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INSIDE WATER January/February 2023

said Lischewski. “By signing this exclusivity with Interflow, we are ensuring that our product will be expertly installed with extreme care, consistency, and attention to detail each and every time. We have a strong relationship with Interflow and look forward to working together to provide our customers with worldclass solutions.”

Primus Line can be customised to suit the customer’s needs

Primus Line in action Late in 2022, Interflow was challenged to rehabilitate a deteriorating section of steel water pipe supplying the remote mining town of Paraburdoo. The pipeline runs through an area of environmental and cultural significance, so a non-invasive solution was needed. Using Primus Line, Interflow relined a kilometre of water main in a single pull, meaning no digging or disturbance along the alignment.

The project took just over a week, and only a single truck was needed to transport the spool of liner and

associated fittings. This is a significant benefit when the nearest major city of Perth is 1,500km away.

More recently, Interflow used Primus Line to rehabilitate and recommission two out-of-service sewer mains in Sydney’s Inner West. Limited access to the alignment and the presence of both vertical and horizontal bends ruled out conventional solutions like slip lining and pipe bursting.

Primus Line handles bends up to 45 degrees easily, making it a suitable candidate for the job.

Interflow returned the two mains to service with minimal disruption to the busy residential and commercial community.

One of Interflow’s more challenging projects this year involved 1.4km of the Mt Cole pipeline that transports raw water from the Mt Cole Reservoir to Ararat, Victoria. The rehabilitated section of the pipeline can now deliver up to half of Ararat’s raw water supply from the Mt Cole Reservoir. It is an integral part of the East Grampians Rural Water Supply Project.

Located deep within a state park and traversing steep and rocky terrain, replacing the pipeline would have been a costly exercise with unacceptable environmental risk.

The rugged location left little access to the alignment of the pipe.

Primus Line was installed in one continuous pull with access only to the ends of the line. This marked the longest single pull of Primus Line in Australia to date and opened the opportunity for

Mt Cole Pipeline features multiple bends and trestles

Primus Line was installed as part of the Nelson Project

longer pulls of a similar nature in the future. The project recently won an Infrastructure Project Innovation award from the Australian Water Association in Victoria in collaboration with water utility GWMWater.

Ready to support future needs There is a growing need for asset owners to look for innovative ways to address rising costs, resource availability and the need to support net-zero targets.

As Australia moves towards 2023 and beyond, technology like Primus Line presents an opportunity for the water industry to overcome these issues and extend the life of ageing infrastructure for decades.

Who is Interflow?

Interflow is an Australian and New Zealand provider of trenchless pipeline solutions. Home to several patented products and technologies aimed at renewing pipeline infrastructure within the 4 Waters – water, wastewater, stormwater, and culverts – the organisation is renowned for its forward-thinking approach to innovation.

For more information, visit www.interflow.com.au www.insidewater.com.au INSIDE WATER

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Leak detection tech develops alongside smart water meters Taggle Systems has rolled out its smart meters across Australia.

This has resulted in other enterprises utilising the information to improve their business practices and even start a new business; such is the case for Global Leak Solutions.

A TRICKLE OF water doesn’t look like much. However, 10 litres per hour can add up to over 30 kegs of beer a week. That could be an extra $54 on top of your average quarterly bill.

A broken toilet leaks about 700 litres daily, costing an additional $630 a year. Most people can find that themselves. However, small hidden leaks have typically been very hard to locate.

Taggle has found that about 10 per cent of households have a leak of this smaller scale. A town of 50,000 homes would leak more water than 2.5 Sydney Harbours. Fixing those leaks can save over $3 million in a year.

Stopping even tiny leaks, especially in times of drought, is vital for water security.

Taggle’s smart water meters can

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sense these tiny leaks. For most leak detection companies, this is too small for their technology, so they concentrate on leaks of over 100 litres per hour. That is not the case for Matt Selby, the founder of Global Leak Solutions.

Who is Global Leak Solutions?

Global Leak Solutions is a water leak detection training and equipment manufacturer. It sells high-quality equipment, including its designed and patented leak detection product. It also offers training at its Brisbane water leak detection training facility. Selby’s training and equipment give future leak detection specialists the confidence to locate water leaks from day one. He has been a licenced plumber for nearly two decades, understanding the

INSIDE WATER January/February 2023

Matt Selby from Global Leak Solutions

technology and the industry.

On top of its own designed and manufactured equipment, Global Leak Solutions is also a Sewerin distributor. Sewerin is an internationally successful and trusted German company that makes highend equipment for detecting leaks.

How did Global Leak Solutions and Taggle come together?

Selby was a plumbing contractor from Mackay in central Queensland.

His speciality was in new homes and maintenance plumbing.

“Around 2014, my phone exploded with calls wanting me to locate water leaks on properties. I had no idea at the time why there was such an influx of water leaks,” said Selby. “I soon found out that most homeowners were getting notified of leaks from the Mackay Regional Council through an online portal called MyH2O.” MyH2O is the Taggle customer portal for residents of Mackay to review their water use. It allows customers to identify leaks and manage their water consumption while determining when excessive water use occurs. Customers could also set up SMS and email alerts when water leaks occur on their property.

“As more and more leak detection service requests came in, I wanted to learn more about the smart meters and leak notifications,” he said. “With that in mind, I met with the Mackay Water Services team, who explained the setup that Taggle had implemented.”

Selby got to understand how Taggle’s Aqualus software and customer portal worked. His perspective allowed him to become a quasi-external tester. He also saw an opportunity to refine and simplify conventional leak detection processes.

What does Global Leak Solutions offer?

While Taggle and Global Leak Solutions do not collaborate in an official capacity, they do work together unofficially. Selby believes that understanding Taggle’s Aqualus Water software helped him develop his solution.

“Taggle was notifying customers of leaks that were less than 10 litres per hour. That’s a tiny amount of water to try and detect. No other company could guarantee that their technology could find such a leak. I went out there to design and manufacture a device that could find a 10-litre leak,” he said.

That product is the AWR200 air/ water/tracer gas controller. The patented device simplifies the water leak detection process for leak detection experts in any field. The microphone technology can listen for specifically engineered air slugs using compressed air. These air slugs are very loud as they move through the pipes and travel only to the leak location. It enables the operator to locate the pipe and the leak with ease.

“There are two distinctly different sounds when we are listening to the air slugs,” Selby said. “When they are travelling through the pipes, it sounds like water lapping against the hull of a boat on a relatively calm day. The sound is unmistakable, like nothing around you. When the slug escapes through the leak, it sounds like a whale breathing out its blowhole constantly. We hear that for the entire duration of the leak location.”

Selby designed a specific manifold configuration that injected the air slug into the line. It travels from the AWR200, through the pipes, and to the water leak. By picking up the changes in sound, users can determine exactly where the leak is.

Selby has found that almost anyone trained on their systems can find a 10-litre-per-hour leak in under an hour.

New technology attracts companies The new technology is currently being used by hundreds of plumbers across Australia, all trained by Selby and his team. Selby is also running hybrid training with US and Australian companies. More companies are approaching Global Leak Solutions to understand the technology.

The other thing that Selby is learning to teach his trainees about is asking onlookers to be quiet. As men are fascinated with new tools, they can ask too many questions. This is tough when he must listen carefully for the air slugs travelling through the pipes.

“They’re fascinated with the technology. We love our customers.

However, sometimes they love to ask questions while we are using the tech, which can be very challenging.

One woman asked her husband to stop asking questions until the leak was located. I was grateful because she understood I needed silence,” said Selby.

Taggle smart water meters can detect tiny leaks

Selby on site with his leak detection technology

combination of Taggle’s smart water meter solution and Global Leak Solutions technology. These small leaks might not seem like much, but every drop counts. Australian innovators are working together to provide water security for a more sustainable future.

For more information, visit taggle.com

Australian innovation solving water problems Communities will be better off when the next drought hits with the www.insidewater.com.au INSIDE WATER

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FOCUS Physical water infrastructure

Pressure and level sensors vital for biotechnological purposes Biotechnological processes are transforming many aspects of commerce and industry. Managing and monitoring those processes is vital, so having the right instruments for the job remains critical.

AS BIOTECHNOLOGY EXPANDS across more industries, companies are incorporating pressure and level sensors to keep on top of their manufacturing processes.

One company is the Spanish firm TECNIC Bioprocess Equipment Manufacturing. It supports its customers through all phases of the implementation of a bioprocess.

TECNIC relies on measuring instruments from VEGA for its level and pressure instrumentation.

TECNIC has grown rapidly since its founding 10 years ago.

It is a specialist in equipment for biotechnological and pharmaceutical applications for laboratories, pilot plants and full-scale production facilities. It also has BSL2 laboratories for cell and microbial cultures that it

uses to support its customers.

TECNIC operations manager Manel Estany is proud of his company’s efforts.

“We support our customers in planning equipment for their processes and scale-up phase. We act as a link between the R&D and production departments, offering scalable solutions to speed up the industrialisation process,” he said.

What is TECNIC doing?

In the first few years, the focus was purely on pharmaceutical applications. In 2018, a new department for biotechnology was added. Since then, the company has dealt with all the main processes in biotechnology. It produces equipment for both upstream and

The VEGABAR 29 is used for tangential flow filtration systems

TECNIC has been growing rapidly since its establishment ten years ago

downstream operations. TECNIC has a range of equipment for laboratory, pilot, and production applications.

Bioreactors reproduce optimal conditions for growing cell or microbial cultures by regulating temperature, pH value and partial pressure of oxygen. They are also used for regulating the concentration of dissolved gases and potentially the optical density, cell density or dissolved CO2. The dissolved oxygen in the culture medium is controlled using a cascade control system.

That system involves variables such as stirring, ventilation or oxygenenriched aeration. To ensure the sterility of the biological reactor, sterile influx valves and a fully aseptic sampling system were developed and designed to be connected to the SIP (Sterilisation in Place) system.

A wide range of VEGA sensors TECNIC has installed a variety of VEGA sensors in the processing systems. These deliver analogue and digital signals to TECNIC’s eSCADA software. The software manages

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INSIDE WATER January/February 2023

the control parameters and ensures that the recipes are adhered to in compliance with GAMP5 and CFR21.

“We set up and commission all the sensors ourselves. But if we need help, we can always rely on VEGA’s technical support,” said Estany.

VEGABAR 28 is the standard sensor for pressure measurement. It is used to regulate the sterilisation processes in the bioreactors. The sensor is crucial in maintaining a pressure of 1.3 bar.

It is a universally applicable pressure sensor with a ceramic measuring cell for measuring gases, vapours, and liquids at temperatures up to 130 °C. The sensor element is the proven ceramic CERTEC measuring cell, which features long-term stability and high overload resistance.

The VEGABAR 29 is the standard pressure sensor used for tangential

VEGASWING 51 is a vibrating level switch

The VEGACAL 62 is designed for continuous level measurement

flow filtration systems (TFF). TECNIC uses the VEGABAR 29 primarily in the downstream applications of biotechnological processes. The sensor monitors the Trans Membrane Pressure (TMP), a critical process value for efficient filtration. This process parameter is the inflowing material’s average pressure on the diaphragm’s permeate side. TECNIC’s tangential filtration system (TFF) is fully automated so that the TMP can be pre-defined.

Although the capacitive rod probe VEGACAL 62 is only used occasionally by TECNIC, it is important for Cleaning in Place (CIP) components because of its high chemical resistance. VEGAFLEX 81 is used frequently at various points in different processes. For example, the VEGAFLEX 81 measures the level in the tangential flow filtration tanks. It delivers reliable measured values, an absolute must for tank regulation.

VEGAPOINT 11 and VEGAPOINT 23 are level switches used to monitor the level wherever ASME-BPE, EHEDG or GMP standards must be complied with. They are quick and easy to install due to their universal connections for hygienic adapters.

The sensors can be deployed without calibration or adjustment.

The compact radar sensor VEGAPULS 21 is used for non-critical

volume monitoring that requires no direct contact with the medium.

It is suitable for measuring various critical volumes, where non-contact level sensing needs to be made with higher accuracy and hygiene compliance. This 80-GHz radar sensor, designed for continuous level measurement of liquids, is designed for applications with SIP processes.

VEGASWING 51 and VEGASWING 61 are vibrating level switches. They are installed in the bioprocessing systems, especially in areas where ASME-BPE, EHEDG or GMP specifications do not apply.

Viscous and turbulent media conditions Reliable measured values are crucial for these elaborate, hi-tech processes. Since it started making bioprocessing equipment five years ago, TECNIC has relied almost exclusively on sensors from VEGA for pressure and level measurement.

“Due to the sterilisation processes, the temperatures range from -10 °C to +140 °C in most applications. We often deal with viscous and turbulent media. However, the steam and CIP spray heads also strain the sensors,” said Estany.

For more information, visit www.vega.com

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FOCUS Physical water infrastructure

Digital neighbourhood brings financial savings With savings of $821,000 on water bills, it’s not surprising that Southeast Queensland water utilities are embracing the digital revolution taking place in that space.

UNITYWATER IS THE water authority for the Moreton Bay, Sunshine Coast and Noosa regions of South East Queensland, providing water supply and sewage treatment processes.

When providing services to over sixteen per cent of Queensland’s population, knowing what is happening with water is critical.

This is why Unitywater turned to Kallipr (formerly mIoT) and its range of Captis data loggers.

What was Unitywater looking for?

The big challenge for Unitywater was handling a diverse range of customers across many different environments, all operating off an ageing set of assets.

“Some of the suburbs we are dealing with are historically leaky with different types of water meters,” said Stephen McDonald, Asset Strategies Lead for Unitywater.

“Buderim can have high pressure due to being a bit of a mountain.

Beachside suburbs around Mooloolaba can have leaks that we would not see for a long time because the water seeps into the sand. We don’t see the water come to the surface.”

Other suburbs, such as Maroochydore and Alexandra Headland, also exhibited problems in the past.

According to Bronwyn Fox, Metering Services Manager, the fundamental goal was to monitor the network and balance the water flows.

By measuring the water coming through the network and consumed by their customers, Unitywater could reconcile the amount of water that should remain in the system. That would help them identify leaks.

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What was the Captis solution?

Kallipr’s Captis Internet of Things (IoT) solution offered asset-toasset communication and remote monitoring capability. It allowed Unitywater to maximise uptime, reduce operating costs, and improve sustainability.

Captis provided the edge in IoT-enabled data logging. Its solution for remote monitoring and measurement over cellular networks is designed to be universal and attach to any water meter utilising its pulse and digital inputs. Captis data loggers can be connected to various sensors, meters, and gauges across multiple applications. Data logging intervals can be set to as little as every 15 minutes. Each Captis device can be easily installed in any location. With up to an IP68 rating, they are designed to withstand harsh elements and extreme temperatures.

How did the Captis solution work for Unitywater?

Unitywater has been running its digital neighbourhood program for some time. It has been an opportunity for Unitywater to trial smart water meters and other Industrial Internet of Things (IIOT) devices throughout its network.

“Our network consists of over 5000 kilometres of water mains and supplies 300,000 customers,” said McDonald. “We have many smart initiatives that help drive efficiencies and improve our service to our customers across our catchment.

Our Digital Neighbourhood is the most extensive program and includes over 99 per cent coverage of smart metres across several suburbs.

“Captis allowed us to pull all the

INSIDE WATER January/February 2023

Smart meters have led to considerable savings for residents in traditionally ‘leaky’ suburbs

initiatives, stakeholders, programs, and people across the business together. We could ensure they were using the same data logger system and monitor the same platform for their use case,” he said.

These initiatives range from helping schools manage water consumption to drought management programs.

In the eyes of Fox, this is just the start of supporting both its largest and most vulnerable customers.

McDonald was appreciative of the flexibility of deployment options of Captis models. The different environments throughout its network meant that it needed fit-for-purpose devices, and Kallipr met that need.

“We have beachside and hillside properties. We also have devices that are in pits with steel plates. We can’t have the same device everywhere, so having a range of devices that will all work together to serve all our customers has been fantastic,” he said.

What have been the immediate benefits to Unitywater?

One benefit of the Captis data loggers was to Unitywater’s customers. Fox was clear about the benefits.

“A key business driver was to notify customers of a leak as early as possible,” said Fox. “We have greatly improved the notification from the quarterly meter reads down to three days of identifying a leak thanks to the Captis devices. We have been able to do this for more than 90 per cent of our customers.”

This has been viewed as a massive success story for Unitywater, with 1044 customers saving more than $821,000 in excess water bills and 178 million litres of water.

“When we think about that from a sustainability perspective, that’s a win for the environment. It’s also a win for our customers because we are notifying them early, and they are saving money. Furthermore, it’s a win-win for Unitywater because we are saving wasted water and supporting our customers,” she said.

With most leaks found among residential customers, McDonald believed that the impact of its digital neighbourhood program is felt most among that demographic. Similarly, Fox said that customer feedback has been positive.

Future of the relationship between Kallipr and Unitywater Both McDonald and Fox have different goals for the next step in working with Kallipr and the Captis devices.

“Ongoing maintenance of the devices will probably be the next step for us,” said Fox. “We have alarms and notifications coming in, so we need to work out how to manage the fleet.

We will also look at the parameters for continuous leak notifications to see if we are notifying customers at the right level. There will be more tests and adjusting for some of our larger customers.”

On the other hand, McDonald is looking at a different aspect, focusing more on the water balance in the network.

The Unitywater Cumolocity Dashboard is extremely useful

The Captis IoT sensor works with any domestic water meter

“One thing we are looking at is using the Captis data loggers to monitor customer meters and ensure there are no backflows in our network,” he said. “That could be a risk with some customers, and we want to avoid that wherever possible. The Kallipr devices can help us use the smart meter data to input into a network water balance – that is, monitoring customer-side consumption against network-side consumption and non-revenue water. It will help us reduce leakage as part of a broader environmental goal.”

For more information, visit www.kallipr.com/industries/waterutilities/

Fast fact 178 million litres of water could fill 71 Olympicsize swimming pools to their nominal depth of 2 metres, according to FINA specifications for an Olympic-size pool, while accounting for all 1136 touch panels. www.insidewater.com.au INSIDE WATER

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Badgerys Creek project supported by kwik-ZIP kwik-ZIP centraliser and spacer systems are solving production casing centralisation challenges throughout the pipeline industry.

LATE IN 2022, Sydney Water and the West Region Delivery Team (WRDT) contracted Quickway for a water mains installation project. Quickway specialises in transport and utility infrastructure, having completed many projects around Australia. The project was centred on Elizabeth Drive in Badgerys Creek, a western Sydney suburb. The water main needed slip-lining of an 813mm outer diameter (mm OD) Steelmains Sintakote carrier pipe.

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Quickway utilised kwik-ZIP HDX-90 spacers to facilitate the slip-lining over a 180-metre run to achieve this goal. The spacers were installed two metres apart along the length of the pipe, following Sydney Water specifications. When empty, the pipe weighs 240 kilograms per metre and about 700 kilograms per metre when in service. “kwik-ZIP spacers provided both protection and cover for the carrier pipe. It allowed us to complete a

INSIDE WATER January/February 2023

successful underbore installation,” said Quickway project engineer Matthew Macinnes.

HDX-90 spacers on the 813mm OD pipe on site at Badgerys Creek

What is the HDX Series?

The HDX Series has a unique loadsharing design. It is designed to maximise the load-bearing capacity of each runner while reducing point loading. The simple and efficient installation process does not require any special tools.

The HDX casing spacer comes in four runner heights. The varying runner heights for the model ensure that pipeline installers can handle a range of carrier pipe outer diameter and casing inner

diameter combinations. Additionally, this grants installers the ability to customise pipe position for grade control, also known as centering.

Jason Linaker, Managing Director and creator of the Australian-owned kwik-ZIP products, is proud to have multiple WSA PS-324-compliant series in the HDXT and HDX series.

The recognition will allow kwik-ZIP to continue supporting safer and longer-lasting installations. “kwik-ZIP casing spacers will protect pipes, make installation easier and extend the life of your asset. With two product series being approved by the industry, choosing the right spacer for longevity and success is easy,” said Linaker.

The spacers incorporate low friction, high abrasion-resistant wear pads attached to load-sharing runners.

The outside diameter of the pipe determines the number of segments required for each spacer.

“Flexibility of the design means various runner heights across the series of products can be achieved.

It allows for different pipe/casing combinations and a broad range of carrier pipe dimensions,” says Linaker. “Spacers are usually a small part of the overall pipe installation process. Correctly designed and fitted non-metallic spacers with low friction runners can increase the life expectancy of the pipeline. They mitigate corrosion, protect pipes from abrasion and scoring during insertion, and reduce installation forces on joints during slip lining.”

The different runner heights across the HDX and HDXT models ensure pipeline installers can handle a range of carrier pipe OD and casing host pipe ID combinations. It also allows installers to custom-pipe position for grade control or centering.

What is unique about kwik-ZIP? kwik-ZIP’s series of spacers caters

to a range of carrier and casing pipe size combinations. It also provides contractors and installers flexibility to deal with project alterations.

Manufactured from high-grade thermoplastic, kwik-ZIP casing spacers and centraliser products are used by commercial plumbing companies, water authorities, water well drillers and international engineering firms throughout Australia. kwik-ZIP spacers have no metal parts. Their spacers are made from kwik-ZIP’s engineered thermoplastic blend that is flexible and tough.

Its low-friction coefficient also minimises the installation forces for large bore pipes. kwik-ZIP focuses on price effectiveness, simplicity, and rapid on-site assembly. This approach ensures that its systems deliver cost, time, and operational advantages to its customers.

The HDX Series can handle steel, DICL, HDPE, concrete and MSCL carrier pipes in a range of sizes. kwik-ZIP’s HDX Series further minimises potential damaging vibration and movement transfers from the outer casing to the carrier pipe via innovative suspension and dampening technologies. Likewise, kwik-ZIP’s spacers contain no lead content or metals. The metal-free

The HDX 90 on a 813mm Steelmains Sintakote

construction is compatible with all potable water applications and is resistant to corrosion and rust.

The kwik-ZIP systems are now used in production well completion, horizontal directional drilling (HDD), rock bolt and anchor centralisation and trenchless pipeline installations across Australia, New Zealand, the UK, and the US. The HDX Series is one of only two spacers (kwik-ZIP’s HDXT is the other) that have been certified and approved by the Water Services Association of Australia (WSAA) against its Product Specification WSA PA 324 Casing Spacers. kwik-ZIP spacers are also on the Melbourne Retail Water Agencies (MRWA) approved products list and the SEQ Water Supply and Sewerage Design and Construction code.

The MRWA is a joint association of three major water retailers owned by the Victorian government: South East Water, Yarra Valley Water and Greater Western Water. The South East Queensland (SEQ) standards are utilised by the City of Gold Coast, the City of Logan, Redland City Council, Unity Water and Urban Utilities.

For more information, visit www.kwikzip.com

www.insidewater.com.au INSIDE WATER

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s

FOCUS Physical water infrastructure

Powerful pumps at the heart of HDD maxi-rig spreads In the Australian HDD sector, limited maxi-rigs and powerful mud pumps are available. Having ready access to these pumps is key to maintaining productivity and mitigating the impact of unscheduled repairs.

IF THE PUMPS are down, the drilling stops. Mud pressure is lost as it moves through the surface piping.

More pressure is lost as it moves down the drill string. Most of the force is expended in a jet stream at the drill bit, and as it passes through the stages, a downhole motor is used. At this point, the mud pump needs to provide additional pressure to push the mud back along the annulus to the surface while maintaining an operational longterm duty cycle.

It is also vital that the mud pump is sized appropriately to adequately cope with the volumes of drilling fluid required and to maintain adequate annular velocity in the borehole to ensure cuttings remain in suspension in the drilling fluid until the fluid exits the borehole.

The capacity of the mud pumps is commonly misunderstood and misrepresented. It is common for people to promote their mud pumps as having a 500 gpm (1,892lpm) capacity and a 500 psi pressure rating. While both numbers may be on the spec sheet, promoting the pumps as a 500 gpm pump at 5000 psi is almost certainly incorrect.

six-inch diameter liners. Or, if the liners are changed to a three-inch diameter, the pump will output 5000 psi, but even at a maximum of 440 rpm, the flow output is only 141 gpm.

For long-duration longevity on a project, it is good drilling practice to limit the operation to 60 per cent – 70 per cent of the capacity, particularly pressure capacity.

For small HDD projects where flow is more important than pressure,

The Gardner Denver PZ8 is a powerful pump for HDD maxi-rig projects

the minimum pump in the example above with the largest liners should be considered as a 565 gpm x 65 per cent = 367gpm pump. Applying the same logic to the pressure rating 1200 psi x 65 per cent = 780 psi.

While there are many contributing factors to pressure, such as choke points, valves, drill pipe joint ID, internal pipe roughness, jet nozzle diameter and number, it would not be uncommon to see 500psi of pressure on a 1000 m jetting hole running 3 x 16 jets at a flow rate of 360 gpm flow rate.

If a downhole motor forms part of the bottom-hole assembly (BHA) where the formation is rock, it would not be unreasonable to add 150-200 psi to the pressure

A prime example of a pump A typical HDD pump such as the EWECO 446 – an excellent allround pump for smaller projects – is often quoted as having an output of 565 gpm with a pressure rating of 5000 psi. While both numbers are accurate, they are not true when combined. The spec sheets show that the pump will do 565 gpm at 1200 psi at 440 rpm max with www.insidewater.com.au INSIDE WATER

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FOCUS Physical water infrastructure

to operate the motor effectively on the bottom, i.e., 200 psi + 500 psi = 700 psi. For long-term operation, the pump is effectively at maximum capacity.

In general terms, additional pumps can be coupled together to increase flow rate but not increase pressure.

A longer bore or a higher flow motor would break a single pump quickly. Double pumps don’t provide additional pressure.

To solve the problem, the pump liner diameter must be reduced, increasing pressure output but decreasing flow output. So, to drill a longer bore (>1500 m) with large downhole motors (> 8 inches), triple or quadruple pumps would be required to provide operational longevity.

Alternatively, get bigger pumps Maxibor has four of the largest pumps in the HDD industry: two Gardner Denver PZ9 pumps with 1000 HP engines and two Gardner Denver PZ8 pumps with 750 HP engines. These are 100 per cent duty-rated oil well-servicing

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pumps, primarily due to the lowspeed design (130 rpm stroke rate compared to the 440 rpm in the previous example). They have proven project after project to operate at high flow and high pressure all day, every day, for months on end.

From an HDD perspective, dual PZ 8 / 9 pumps have delivered bores in Australia at lengths of 2,500 m in the civil industry and 4,000 m in the gas drainage industry.

These pumps allow long bores to be drilled to solve infrastructure installation challenges, or they allow forward motor reaming.

This is another technique to solve requirements where exit site sensitivities exist, and it is not possible to drill a mud return line. These pumps allow highperformance, innovative HDD bore designs to be achieved.

Pumps of this capacity are invaluable, if not a prerequisite, on long bore (+1000 m) and large diameter hole (+800 mm) projects requiring larger maxi-rigs such as the Gallagher 660e, Gallagher

INSIDE WATER January/February 2023

The right sized mud pump is essential for a successful HDD maxi-rig project

600, American Auger 660, and the Vermeer D330x500. They are often required in Australia on river and harbour crossings and long and deep water and sewer projects.

Maxibor’s Gardner Denver mud pumps are being utilised on various landmark projects, including one requiring multiple bores averaging over 2.2 km in length. The pumps’ availability has been a critical factor in selecting Maxibor as the HDD provider on these projects.

An HDD provider like Maxibor, with its sizeable fleet of powerful pumps and maxi and other rigs, provides added comfort to project stakeholders that these essential plant items will be available to maintain a tight construction schedule.

In the current environment of limited resources across the sector, Maxibor is also willing to consider approaches for the dry hire of its pumps into projects.

For more information contact David Turner on 0499 375 511 or visit www.maxibor.com.au/

20-21 Sept 2023 Melbourne Convention and Exhibition Centre

Melbourne’s leading construction and major infrastructure event EXHIBITION SPACE NOW ON SALE insideconstructionexpo.com.au

FOCUS Events

Welcome to the inaugural Inside Construction Expo 2023 Inside Construction Expo will bring the major projects and civil infrastructure construction industry together on September 20 and 21 at the Melbourne Convention and Exhibition Centre – with a key focus on ‘Engineering the Future.’

THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY is a critical pillar of the Australian economy and a fundamental partner to the water industry. It generated more than $437 billion in revenue in 2022 and was responsible for about nine per cent of Australia’s Gross Domestic Product. The sector has a projected annual growth rate of 2.4 per cent over the next five years.

Across two days, a world-class exhibition will showcase construction equipment and companies; industry leaders will present at an educational conference on the issues facing the construction sector; and the best people, projects, and innovations from across the Australian construction industry will be recognised at an Awards Gala.

“Construction is a key pillar of the Australian economy. We’re excited to bring the major projects and civil infrastructure construction industry together in 2023,” said Inside Construction Expo Show Director Lauren Winterbottom.

With investments in new and existing infrastructure projects in every state and territory, the Australian Government’s national rolling 10-year infrastructure investment pipeline will increase from $110 billion to $120 billion, a new record, significantly boosting the sector.

“Inside Construction Expo is Melbourne’s own leading construction and major infrastructure event,” said Simon Coburn, General Manager of Events. “The exhibition will showcase the latest equipment on offer for the sector.”

The 2022-23 Victorian Budget continues the State’s investment in a

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pipeline of projects, with $85.3 billion in general government spending on infrastructure over the next four years.

Inside Construction Expo will focus on major projects, civil construction, and major vertical residential. The centrepiece of the event will be Victoria’s Big Build, expanding to showcase construction on other infrastructure projects taking place around Victoria.

“Inside Construction Expo will feature an educational conference, providing an opportunity to discuss some of the industry’s key issues at the moment,” said Coburn.

The construction sector is facing challenges. Providing an environment to present and discuss solutions to the complex challenges the construction industry faces, the Expo will examine answers to

INSIDE WATER January/February 2023

The Inside Construction Expo is a fantastic opportunity to find new technologies for your business

pressing issues, including: • How to manage your workforce and deal with skills shortages in the construction sector; • Methods for dealing with the digital transformation of the construction industry and how that both affects and is affected by trends in the water industry; • Examining how new issues in health and safety are impacting the viability of the sector in the face of emerging industries; • Developing and maintaining long-term sustainable partnerships across decades; • Handling increasing ESG requirements; and • How new technology is improving the sector and partner industries.

The Expo will run to help grow the Australian construction industry with support from industry organisations, including the National Association of Women in Construction, the Institute of Quarrying Australia and the Working at Heights Association.

Inside Construction Expo will feature an exclusive industry awards

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2023 program that will run alongside the main conference and expo. To be presented at a gala dinner event on the evening of 20 September, the awards will proudly shine a light on the Australian construction and civil infrastructure industry, showcasing the innovative products, technology and programs that seek to promote core standards around safety and environmental sustainability throughout major and local projects.

The Awards recognise both individuals and businesses who excel in the industry and bring together different industry segments to one room on one night for a glamorous night of celebration.

With 10 categories open for nomination,

the Awards will celebrate the best of the best of the construction sector, and those industries that support it.

Nominations are open across the following categories: • Rising Star of the Year • Industry Leader Award • Woman of the Year Award • Operational Excellence Award • Sustainability Initiative of the Year • Safety Program Award • Technology Solution Award • Major Project of the Year – Commercial • Major Project of the Year – Government • Local Government Project of the Year

Inside Construction is Australia’s leading news resource for the civil engineering and commercial construction industry.

It is a subscription-based news service produced for those working in the Australian construction sector. Providing the latest in news, views, and insights, it is a valuable and essential resource for the civil engineering and commercial construction industries. Inside Construction is produced by a team of leading journalists at Prime Creative Media who regularly engage with key influencers in the construction sector.

For more information, go to www.insideconstructionexpo.com.au

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ASSOCIATIONS VicWater

Water infrastructure prepared for peaks and troughs Victorian water authorities have dealt with extreme weather events in the past few years. Understanding their infrastructure and working with local emergency groups has been vital for Goulburn Valley Water and Goulburn-Murray Water (GMW).

“BUILDING YOUR WAY out of the climate situation is not the answer.”

GMW Managing Director Charmaine Quick said this when talking about adapting to a changing climate.

Goulburn Valley Water (GVWater) General Manager of Service Delivery, Daniel Flanagan has a similar thinking.

“We need to plan and build to cater for the extremes. The assets need to have the flexibility to respond to those particular types of events at that moment. It’s about giving us additional levers to be able to pull when we see these peaks or troughs, knowing that they’re going to come and that they’re going to be more frequent.”

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Both GVWater and GMW have dealt with significant rain events in the past three years, even though they had extreme drought and bushfires in the period before that.

Flanagan and Quick talked about the impact of climate change on their infrastructure, how they prepare, and how they work with their communities to be better prepared for the future.

Their areas GVWater and GMW operate in slightly different ways. GMW manages the water resources and reservoirs across much of Northern Victoria. Quick explained that they manage all the dams, such as Lake

INSIDE WATER January/February 2023

Releasing water from Lake Eildon

Eildon and the Waranga Basin.

“We provide water to Goulburn Valley Water, North East Water and Coliban Water. We are a wholesale provider of water,” said Quick.

Quick also pointed out that GMW manages water-related services of 68,000 square kilometres. They have more than 20,000 customers using over 39,000 services in northern Victoria. GMW manages 24 water storages holding approximately 11 million ML of water.

Flanagan, as a representative for GVWater, focuses more heavily on what he calls the “taps and toilets”.

His service area incorporates 128,000 people in 54 towns connected to 37 water supply systems and 26 wastewater management facilities.

How extreme weather events impact their assets Flanagan is responsible for all the activities that operate and maintain the water and sewer assets across

his network. When looking at these extreme weather events, he looks at them differently.

“The short sharp rain events have a more acute effect on our infrastructure,” he said. “It could be through higher inflow into our sewer systems, for example. That would result in higher flows coming into our wastewater treatment plants that we need to treat and beneficially reuse. We need to cater to the higher immediate flows we see from these rain events.”

Another aspect he spoke about was water quality. More rain events change the quality of water flowing into the systems.

“We are starting to see some of that raw water within the river systems change, which means that our treatment facilities need to be able to cope with that,” Flanagan said. “It’s about ensuring that they’re designed to provide flexibility in the type of water we’re receiving.”

In the eyes of Flanagan, water authorities need to prepare for the abnormal event rather than the average.

Quick looked at it from a different point of view, highlighting the impact on drainage infrastructure.

“Much of our drainage network is still underwater, and we expect it to have suffered the most damage. A lot of our drainage infrastructure goes through culverts under roads, so we’ve already had to do many road repairs,” she said.

Quick also pointed out that there is work to be done on the irrigation channels it looks after.

“We have had to assess about 350 km of our irrigation channels because they went underwater,” said Quick. “For the most part, there is some repair work to be done.

However, they are in reasonably good shape. We also have about 600

regulators and control structures within the network. We need to get out there to confirm their status, but we suspect there will be some minor oil changes and gearbox replacements.”

Preparing for extreme weather events Both Quick and Flanagan highlighted the importance of working with local emergency groups to prepare for weather events that might surpass the norm.

“We use the Australian Incident

Daniel Flanagan (left) and Charmaine Quick (right)

Shepparton water treatment plant surrounded by water during recent flooding

Management System (AIMS) structure for emergency management, just like everyone else in Australia,” said Quick. “We have plans for every aspect of the business when it comes to flood management, and it is key for working with our partners both within the business and our external stakeholders.”

Flanagan had similar views about preparation and working with local emergency services groups.

“We were connected to the local and regional emergency management groups. They provide

www.insidewater.com.au INSIDE WATER

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up-to-date forecasts,” he said.

“Those forecasts gave us the information we needed about what would happen to our assets under a worst-case scenario. We got the ball rolling on several flood preparation plans, which include sandbagging assets, implementing contingency plans, and generally protecting assets where possible.”

Both Quick and Flanagan noted that it is essential to remember that it is not just about protecting assets.

It is also about returning the service to their customers and communities after the weather event. One area that Flanagan spoke about was water quality.

“We have had some water quality challenges. Most importantly, they are meeting and beating all the health guidelines throughout the floods. However, we are experiencing some aesthetic issues in some towns, where the water may

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look or taste different from what our customers expect. We have been sending out text messages daily and communicating with them to ensure they are aware of the issues. Their response during these issues has been amazing,” he said.

Building resilience in their communities Building resilience and readiness in their communities is critical for both GMW and GVWater. They emphasised the importance of working with their communities to be prepared for anything.

“I think resilience is about providing information,” said Quick. “It’s

INSIDE WATER January/February 2023

Lake Eildon is an enormous reservoir in northern Victoria providing water to hundreds of thousands of people

important that people understand.

Even the weeks before the flood, we worked with the SES to get information out there, highlighting to farmers that this is likely to be a wet season. While the SES has responsibility, we feed into that and make sure we are putting out information in the media. We want farmers to be prepared for a flood season if they farm in the floodplains.”

Flanagan is looking at resilience from a different point of view, focusing more on the right water for the right groups.

“We’re trying to identify the most appropriate use of certain types of water,” he said. “Instead of using water that’s been treated up to a drinking standard and using that to wet down roads, let’s provide contractors with a type of water that is appropriate for that. For example, we have started building recycled water standpipes that are now available to contractors to use that water for construction activities.

That’ll come back in spades when we have another dry come through.”

Working with the community is vital for both organisations. Quick pointed out something vital when thinking about water authorities overall.

“It’s not just thinking about organisations as being infrastructure organisations. It is having that holistic view of it. We work with our communities, we work with our partners, and we have an obligation to be part of that broader community in the space of recovery and providing factual information that people can understand.”

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ASSOCIATIONS IPWEA Australasia

Asset managers - critical to Australia’s water resilience

Australia needs secure storage and resilient delivery systems to manage its water needs, but it also requires skilled professionals to manage its water infrastructure. David Jenkins, CEO IPWEA Australasia discusses water security, resilience and infrastructure.

IN ANY TRADE-OFF decisions between new and existing infrastructure, asset managers are central to how these assets perform and the return on investment they deliver. Asset management in the water industry is a challenging field that continues to face a range of issues that develop over time.

One of the most significant water infrastructure projects ever proposed in Australia was the Bradfield Scheme, a 1938 proposal by civil engineer Dr John Bradfield.

He planned to build a network of dams, pipes, and tunnels in outback Queensland. The intention was to divert water into much of the western Queensland interior and large areas of South Australia for agricultural use.

The proposal by the man best known for designing the Sydney Harbour Bridge still has its advocates today. This is despite several studies showing that his estimates of water volumes were highly variable. Other

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studies have indicated that the considerable capital investment required to complete the scheme and the ongoing operating costs would likely fail to deliver the hopedfor outcomes.

The point to make about the Bradfield Scheme from a 2023 perspective is that the solution to Australia’s water sustainability and security does not always necessarily lie in significant (and costly) infrastructure projects of the nationbuilding kind. Instead, the solution can be found in better maintenance and management of existing water infrastructure assets.

What are the biggest issues for infrastructure planners?

Water will always be a scarce commodity for infrastructure planners in Australia. Records show that more than 80 per cent of Australia has an annual rainfall of less than 600 mm.

We know the water flows in the

INSIDE WATER January/February 2023

Clarifier tanks for wastewater treatment plants

The Murray Darling River is one of the most variable river systems in the world

Murray-Darling Basin, which drains one-seventh of the Australian landmass, are much more variable than rivers like China’s Yangtze or the Amazon in South America.

Notwithstanding the recent floods, which have inundated much of regional Australia and saw bulk water suppliers deliver 120 per cent more water to irrigators than in 2019-20, Australia has historically experienced low annual average rainfall amounts compared to other continents.

There is almost a ‘boom or bust’ pattern in Australian river flows, which presents unique challenges for our asset managers, who must plan for drought and flood scenarios.

The iconic example is Lake Eyre, known officially as Kati ThandaLake Eyre. It is an endorheic lake north of Adelaide, meaning it is a dry, saline lake. Lake Eyre rarely fills, but when it does fill up, it is usually as salty as seawater. It has historically filled up on average twice a century. On the west coast of Australia, the city of Perth has built two desalination plants to ensure the security of its water supply and has recently contracted to build a third desalination plant in its northern suburbs.

The impact of climate change The impact of climate change is likely to exacerbate these extremes.

The good news is that we have already invested in more than 30 cubic kilometres of storage capacity in the Murray-Darling Basin, equivalent to about one and a half years of river flows.

With this infrastructure already in place, much of the success of Australia’s water management is dependent on the effective management of the existing assets we have built up and improved over the past century or more.

In IPWEA’s view, an emphasis on prudent management and maintenance of existing water infrastructure is as essential to Australia’s water security and resilience as any new infrastructure we might build in the future. It is vital to continue enhancing our community’s quality of life through improved public works and services.

Water is a precious resource, and there is competition for limited investment dollars for the lifecycle costs of managing infrastructure.

Water is critical, but it competes with many other priorities, such as roadworks, ports, and bridges, which are vital for a thriving economy.

Water must be allocated fairly

across sectors such as agriculture, energy, and industry – and of course, consumers in our towns and cities – and to do that effectively requires high-level asset management skills.

There are often many factors to consider. In one current example, the Toowoomba and Southern Downs Regional Councils in Queensland are grappling with whether to proceed with a $300 million water pipeline between Toowoomba and Warwick.

Asset managers were called upon for a strategic report and recommended in favour of the project but factored in ten areas of concern, such as upgrades to pumping stations and transparent agreements on funding, capital cost recovery, access charges and

Tunnel worker inspecting vital water pipelines

Lake Eyre

contracts between the two councils and state government organisations.

In this equation, experienced people are another critical resource in providing water security and resilience.

The example shows how skilled asset managers with appropriate and reliable management plans for infrastructure assets are needed.

They are vital to ensure optimum performance from assets and to plan for their repair and maintenance. In this way, asset managers can deliver the best return on investment over the longer term.

For more information about the IPWEA, go to: www.ipwea.org

www.insidewater.com.au INSIDE WATER

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PROFILE Seth Westra

Climate risk and hydrology important infrastructure focus Understanding the science of climate risks is one thing.

More importantly, how can that information be used to make better decisions and support communities across Australia to become more resilient?

CLIMATE RISK LOOKS at a range of issues and hazards. Every hazard is different regarding its impact and losses on assets, infrastructure, populations, and society. Understanding each element of climate risk from a scientific viewpoint is critical. Still, more important is to understand how risks manifest within local contexts, whether in different sectors and industries or across government jurisdictions.

As part of that, Professor Seth Westra from the University of Adelaide has studied the fields of climate risk and water resources and how the two combine. His inspiration to explore these issues dates to his high school days when he developed a visceral first-hand understanding of climate risk and hydrology.

“In Year 10, my family spent a little over six months in Zimbabwe.

I did my work experience there with an organisation called Plan International. While working with them, I got the chance to accompany Plan International staff on visits to local communities, to help better understand the community’s needs and aspirations.

The things that consistently came up were enhancing access to education and water,” said Westra.

Plan International is a not-forprofit organisation that tackles the root causes of poverty, supports communities through crisis, campaign for gender equality and help governments do what’s right for children. While in Zimbabwe, Westra discovered that the local

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utility would regularly turn off the water supply for days at a time, warning residents that they would need to fill buckets and bathtubs ahead of the weekend.

“This experience showed me the importance of social and environmental issues while also being interested in technical problems. That’s how I wound up in environmental engineering and on some of the challenges I study today,” said Westra.

Practical water resources challenges facing Australia today One challenge Westra is looking to focus on is better managing climate risk. He has focused primarily on water resources and the risk to the natural resources across Australia.

“In my early career, I spent a bit of time trying to understand the projections from climate models to devise more concrete advice around those risks,” said Westra.

“More recently, I’ve become more interested in how we use this information to make better decisions and support communities to adapt to changes, manage risks and find alternative solutions.”

This research has seen him move sideways into the energy and agricultural spaces. His goal is to develop the frameworks and tools to support industries and communities in dealing with the uncertainties around climate risk.

“We are at a point where we see much more of what is happening because of climate change in realtime. People are far more trusting in the projections than a decade ago.

INSIDE WATER January/February 2023

Professor Seth Westra

They broadly accept that things will become more extreme regarding our weather patterns,” he said.

Westra noted that where water is concerned, both sides of the extreme weather coin are being impacted.

“We can certainly say that the fingerprints of climate change are on many of the things we observe today. Much of that is consistent with what scientists have been saying over the last twenty years or so. It’s not so much that the science is fundamentally changing anymore. It is more that the evidence base continues to strengthen,” said Westra.

“ We should take inspiration from recent trends in watersensitive urban design to generate more positive opportunities for people and the environment.

”

Modelling changes provide incremental improvements While some industries have heralded the introduction of artificial intelligence (AI), big data, and machine learning, Westra has not found the same impact on hydrology and climate risk.

“There is often the narrative that AI will solve our problems. While it may lead to some incremental gains, there are probably more important areas we need to focus on,” he said.

“It’s not that there won’t be areas where ‘big data’ and AI can help.

One area that has grown a lot is improved spatial understanding.

It helps us get more precise and granular information regarding land use, human behaviour or other risk factors.”

While modelling has slowly improved, the whole approach to conceptualising and managing our infrastructure and built environment is also changing. This places new demands on how we develop our models.

“Take the urban environment,” he said. “What we are increasingly seeing in urbanisation is this idea of nature-based design or watersensitive urban design. We are trying to increase infiltration, create natural and artificial storages like artificial wetlands, and ultimately emulate natural processes. We are trying to recover some natural hydrology within urban areas.”

This approach is an ongoing trend that has many benefits. An additional benefit becoming increasingly apparent is its capacity to mitigate climate risk.

element into how we develop our technologies. The shift from a very technical perspective towards a more holistic approach is helping define challenges in the first place before models are touched.

“With the diverse range of stakeholders, it creates an opportunity to look at the boundaries and objectives of the problem.

In my experience, models are typically created based on what is already there or what people are comfortable with. A better solution approach is to be more rigorous in defining the study parameters to determine what is being solved.

Sometimes it isn’t even a scientific problem. It might be a discussion of values, which opens solutions around other areas. That leads us to think about how we blend all the

Understanding climate risk and hydrology is vital for many industries across Australia and around the world

processes to have a system that ultimately is centred on creating positive outcomes for people,” said Westra.

Ultimately, he believes there is enormous potential in a more holistic approach to problemsolving, including incorporating knowledge from local groups, First Nation communities and other knowledge bases.

“I think there’s a lot of opportunity to do better than we have. There’s been a natural fragmentation in water between the engineers and scientists on one side and social scientists on the other. We need to get much better at investing in people and systems willing to bridge these disciplinary perspectives and be able to look at problems and opportunities from many angles.”

What is exciting for the field in the future One area that excites Westra is the increased combination of technical and non-technical perspectives to better integrate the human www.insidewater.com.au INSIDE WATER

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LAST word

The lighter side of water To finish each issue, we aim to look at the lighter side of water and waterrelated issues. If you’ve seen an amusing story, let us know so we can consider it for the next issue.

Does water sound different based on its temperature?

In enjoying a YouTube rabbit hole around clips from the BBC2 TV show QI, we stumbled across an interesting question. Do hot and cold water make different sounds?

While watching the video, the panel and most of the audience identified the first pouring sound as hot water and the second as cold. It turned out that this was correct.

We further looked into the topic and discovered that our brains have subconsciously picked up the differences between the two sounds. It has come about from all the hot and cold drinks we’ve heard being poured throughout our life.

We may not have thought about the variations, but they’re there.

The different sound comes about from the viscosity or the thickness of water. When it comes to water, we can’t see the difference, but we can hear it. Essentially, the molecules

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in hot water have more energy, so they are more excited. As a result, they move more often and are not as sticky as cold water. There is also less bubbling in hot water for the same reason.

As a result, hot water tends to produce higher-pitched sounds.

That is because the molecules move around more when landing in the bottom of a mug or shower.

Can hot water provide medical benefits?

Many of us will have been told to boil water due to problems with the water infrastructure in the local area.

However, receiving hot water as the norm does happen in some parts of the world.

In China, it is common to be provided hot water or to be told to drink hot water when one is feeling poorly. In some parts of the country, it is unusual to find beer at anything below room temperature (quite the

INSIDE WATER January/February 2023

Can you hear hot water? Does it make you feel better?

sacrilege to many of our Australian and New Zealand readers).

This arises from traditional Chinese medicine and their beliefs about yin and yang elements. Like many aspects of traditional Chinese culture, they believe things are healthy when they are balanced.

With that in mind, the body’s internal temperature rises if the yang is too strong. When that occurs, the person is at increased risk of illness.

If one has too much yang, it must be removed. Surprisingly, hot water is a yin beverage and is believed to lower the body’s internal temperature. It works to restore balance and thereby improve their health.

Some studies suggest that a hot drink could cool you down if you are not already sweating. Whether it can make you feel better is a different question, but do not be surprised if you see Chinese people with small thermoses with them in summer.

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