Pitt-Bradford 2021 Commencement Program

Commencement 2021

University of Pittsburgh Bradford

The Second of May, Two Thousand and Twenty-One Twelve o’clock in the afternoon

The National Anthem O say can you see by the dawn’s early light,

What so proudly we hailed at the twilight’s last gleaming, Whose broad stripes and bright stars through the perilous fight,

O’er the ramparts we watched, were so gallantly streaming?

And the rockets' red glare, the bombs bursting in air,

Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there; O say does that star-spangled banner yet wave, O’er the land of the free and the home of the brave?

Alma Mater Alma Mater, wise and glorious,

Child of Light and Bride of Truth, Over Fate and Foe victorious,

Dowered with eternal youth, Crowned with love of son and daughter,

Thou shalt conquer as of yore, Dear old Pittsburgh, Alma Mater,

God preserve Thee evermore!

Dear Graduates, Congratulations! All of us at Pitt-Bradford are so proud of you and what you have accomplished so far. We welcome your family and friends as we all join together to celebrate this important and exciting day with you.

As you embark on the next phase of your journey, please remember that as a graduate of Pitt-Bradford, you are uniquely equipped to be engaged citizens who value and embrace diverse perspectives in our globally connected world. I encourage you to use what you have experienced as a Pitt-Bradford student, both inside and outside of the classroom, to excel in your chosen field, advocate enthusiastically for your community, and be a force for what is good and just.

Please remember you will always be a member of our Pitt-Bradford community. I hope you will stay in touch with us. We want to know about your achievements and how you are making a positive impact in your profession and your community. I encourage you also to remain connected through the Pitt-Bradford Alumni Association.

Sincerely,

President Koverola

PROGRAM

PRELUDE

PROCESSIONAL

OPENING OF COMMENCEMENT

NATIONAL ANTHEM

Matt Kropf, Ph.D. Grand Marshal and President of Faculty Senate

Catherine Koverola, Ph.D. PRESIDENT’S REMARKS President PRESENTATION OF Warren Fass, Ph.D. CLASS OF 2021*

Chair, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences

David Merwine, Ph.D. Chair, Division of Biological and Health Sciences

Jeffrey Guterman, M.A. Chair, Division of Communication and the Arts

Shailendra Gajanan, Ph.D. Chair, Division of Management and Education

Kevin Ewert, Ph.D. Chair, Division of Physical and Computational Sciences

Emily Williams, Ph.D. Vice President and Dean of Academic Affairs Catherine Koverola, Ph.D.

CONFERRAL OF DEGREES MUSICAL INTERLUDE

Emily Williams, Ph.D.

PRESENTATION OF CLASS OF 2020**

RECOGNITION OF CLASS OF 2020

ALMA MATER

Catherine Koverola, Ph.D.

Matt Kropf, Ph.D.

CLOSING OF COMMENCEMENT RECESSIONAL * Includes December 2020 graduates ** Includes December 2019 graduates

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CLASS OF 2021* STUDENTS RECEIVING ASSOCIATE DEGREES Associate of Arts Associate of Science

Alyssa Marie Buhalo Sara Nicole Burt Kamil Collazo Amanda Nichole Condino Angelica Rose D’Ambrosio Midajah Azelya Daniels Melissa Dawn Dubeck Armela Ferhatovic Blair Summer Finlay Lauren Ann Gentile Krystal Lee Haenel Mackenzie Kay Hartle Hannah ViPonté Hibbs Anna Rebekah Kafferlin Neha Darmesh Kalan Hannah Jeanne Lathrop Mikayla Anne Lewis Amanda Lin Manners Kaegan Lee-Ann Matthews Emma Grace McClaren Kailyn Elizabeth McCoy Austin Tyler McCracken Ashton McGriff Anna Kathleen McNickle William J. Miller II Kayla Elizabeth Mitchell Michele Frances Morra Shawn Michael Mosier Amanda R. Ott Alex James Pantuso Angela P. Potter Katelyn Elizabeth Snyder Cadyn William Sutherland

Nursing Liberal Studies Liberal Studies Nursing Nursing Nursing Nursing Nursing Liberal Studies Nursing Nursing Nursing Nursing Nursing Nursing Nursing Nursing Nursing Nursing Nursing Nursing Petroleum Technology Nursing Nursing Information Systems Nursing Liberal Studies Engineering Science Engineering Science Petroleum Technology Nursing Nursing Petroleum Technology 3

Jennifer Diane Swanson Sara Regina Sztenderowicz Elizabeth Marie Szurszewski Steven Daniel Tyger Connor Perry Vecellio Danielle Elizabeth Manu Wah Sarah E. Wahl Ashton Elizabeth Watts Kimberly Ann Wonderly Alexa Paige Wyant Kristen Lynn Wymer Doris Marie Zuchowski

Liberal Studies Nursing Nursing Nursing Engineering Science Nursing Nursing Nursing Nursing Nursing Nursing Nursing

STUDENTS RECEIVING BACCALAUREATE DEGREES Bachelor of Arts Bachelor of Science Bachelor of Science in Nursing Etreece Sierra Elaine Adams

Broadcast Communications & Communications Biology Accounting & Business Management Criminal Justice Accounting & Business Management Broadcast Communications Accounting Interdisciplinary Arts Radiological Science Psychology Computer Information Systems & Technology Sociology Business Management History-Political Science Exercise Science

Meaghan B. Adams Justin Steven Aharrah Bernice Joyce Anderson Riley Jayne Anderson Danica Lynn Andrews Jacob Wesley Arford Mercedes Arnold-Fox Karlee Denise Atherton Mark Baker Attenborough Joshua David Bailey Bernice Mae Baker Brock Ryan Baldwin Charles Gordon Ball Gabrielle Rose Barnes 4

Prionna Princess Battle Emily Lynne Baxter Olivier Gabriel Benoit Cameron Joseph Biel

Psychology Business Management Biology Computer Information Systems & Technology Environmental Studies History-Political Science & International Affairs Environmental Studies Nursing Radiological Science Accounting& Business Management Psychology Communications Criminal Justice Early Level Education (PreK-4) Accounting & Business Management Biology Nursing English Education 7-12 Sport & Recreation Management Early Level Education (PreK-4) General Studies Criminal Justice History-Political Science Business Management Exercise Science Hospitality Management Health and Physical Education Biology Forensic Science

Kristen Elizabeth Bowker Ryan Andrew Bowman Courtney Elise Brien Alexis Renee Brown Hannah Jane Brown Robert Brown Jahmaal C. Buckley Annah Lael Burke Haley Christine Burkett Casey Burris Stephanie Ann Burritt Kayla Lynn Bush Ashley L. Campbell Mindi Grant Carley Gabrielle Nicole Carpenter Caitlin Ann Cipriano Emily Christine Cleveland Daniel James Coates Kamil Collazo Lyric K. Collins Yael Francisco Crespo Codell Romeo Cutrary Brandon Scott Davis Colton Harry Davis Courtney Nicole Davis

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Destiny Lamani Davis Miles Max Davis-Matthews

Biology History-Political Science & International Affairs Biology Exercise Science History-Political Science Health and Physical Education Athletic Training Environmental Studies Psychology Business Management Psychology Biology Accounting Psychology Business Management Business Management Early Level Education (PreK-4) Health and Physical Education Environmental Studies Biology Psychology Psychology Nursing Business Management Business Management History-Political Science & International Affairs Hospitality Management Psychology Sport & Recreation Management Psychology Business Management Sport & Recreation Management

Stephanie Marie Delano Mallory M. Disalvo Nicholas John Distefano Anthony Michael D’orsa Mitchell Dowd Samuel J. Dreistadt Derek Eaton Jessica Gail Edwards Gwendolyn Paige Elia Chase Allan Elmquist Zachry Edward Ensell Karl Jefferson Farelice John Michael Fiore Jr Jennifer Marie Fitton Bethany Louise Fratercangelo Sophia Catherine Fratercangelo Benjamin Norman Freeburg Emilee Gahn Cassandra Lynn Galbreath Brooke Elizabeth Gannon Michelle Ann Garlitz Tabitha Juune Gee Patricia Ruth Gerhart Dominick Paul Giannini Kelly Nicole Gilliam Faith Melvina Grear Jordan Alan Green Tye Marue Grimes Adam Paul Guthrie Samuel Anthony Gwiazdzinski

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Elizabeth Kiyoko Harvey Lauren Elizabeth Harvey Alexander Thomas George Hazuda Jenna Arlene Hicks Laura Joy Hildebrand Joshua Arthur Hile Kerrigan Marie Hoffmann Hannah M. Holleran Errion Dillan Holness Richard Jeffrey Hope Alexis Priscilla Horning Amber Rose Houben Shaniah Taylor Hudson Kierstynn R. Indermaur Erica Ann Isenberg Ezozahon Ismailova Nadir Aquil Jackson Kamal Emmanuel Jamison Rebecca Jayne Janelli Logen Mary Jaramillo Julia Jiang Elizabeth Sefanit Johnson Jessica Anne Johnson Lexus Jeanann Johnston Jessica Marie Jordan Lucien Lamar Kalkhof Joan Adama Kamara Alexandra Elizabeth Karges Katie Lee Keller Brendon Michael Kelley Katelyn Nicole Kimble Samantha Rae Kircher Taylor Marie Klaiber 7

Exercise Science Business Management Psychology Early Level Education

Computer Information Systems & Technology Exercise Science Radiological Science Exercise Science Biology Criminal Justice Computer Information Systems & Technology Business Management Criminal Justice Biology Biology Athletic Training History-Political Science Sport & Recreation Management Exercise Science Applied Mathematics Exercise Science Biology Business Management Early Level Education (PreK-4) Exercise Science History-Political Science Criminal Justice Accounting & Business Management Applied Mathematics & Chemistry Exercise Science Criminal Justice Exercise Science Biology Business Management Chemistry Sport & Recreation Management

Benjamin Lee Koss Rebekah L. Kriner Tyler Charles Kuell Matthew Christian LaBadie Juliah Alexis Laemmer Phillip Ronald Lauer Calvin Leung Ziyuan Li Mackenzie Lenore Light Skylar MacKenzie Llewellyn Amaya Cristina Lovoz Jason Peter Lucarelli Hayley Anne Madl Raven Nicole Magrino Charles Mahon Tristan Anthony Manturuk Christopher Stepfan Martin Hannah May McAvoy Amir Lavon McCloud Janette Lynn McClure Tory Lynne McCutcheon Marissa Lynn Merritt Aaron Paul Meserole Nicholas Lee Metzger Buddy Devin Miller Jessica Rose Milliron Tiffany Ann Minor Jennifer Lynn Mitchell Nicholas Peter Mole Victoria Montecalvo Kendric Quentin Moore Jonathan Michael Morales

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Alayna Jo Renwick Alyssa Marie Reyes Derek James Ridgeway Elanie Eileen Roberts Michael Paul Roberts II

Psychology Exercise Science Criminal Justice Criminal Justice Energy Science and Technology & Environmental Studies Writing Criminal Justice Biology & Environmental Studies Sport & Recreation Management Criminal Justice History-Political Science Business Management Psychology Business Management Psychology Psychology Business Management Biology Education 7-12 English Education 7-12 Business Management Biology Computer Information Systems & Technology Psychology Biology Biology Computer Information Systems & Technology Health and Physical Education Computer Information Systems & Technology Health and Physical Education Chemistry Computer Information Systems & Technology

Amelia Paulina Rodriguez Antonina Mary Kora Roman Cassandra J. Romero Isaac Benjamin Rose Kaitlin Taylor Rose Gina Marie Roselli Colleen Louise Ross Jeana Brianne Ruffner Wyatt Allen Rugar Cody James Rupp Jacob Michael Schlegel Jared Patrick Schwab Alyssa Marie Sedgwick Alayna Lyn Seggi Alexandra Segura Montanez Ellery Joy Marie Signor Denon James Simpson Gregor Scott Smith Shaelyn Ann Nicole Snipes Cheyanne Nicole Sorochman Tyler L. Stady James Caleb Sunderlin Joseph Pierson Tamsen Justin Tyler Tanner Brandon Rafael Taveras Hanamariam Gedlu Tefera

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Kelsey Reneé Thompson Katherine Marie Treat Haley Marie Tuller Jordan Elizabeth Uhing Kyleigh Amanda Vanhoutte Connor Perry Vecellio Timothy Alan Wagner Samantha Lynn Walker Travis Walter Lexi Linn Walton Paul David Watkins Hailee Sue Weader Chandler Romayne Speight-White Adam Christopher Williams Latdior Ukonja Williams Tasia Moné Willis Paige Ann Wilson Stone Phillip Austin Wilson Tricia Ann Wilt Griffin John Wissinger Edward Brian Young Makenzie Leigh Yurkewicz Mykenna Rae Zettle

Radiological Science Biology Biology Exercise Science Radiological Science Environmental Studies Business Management Nursing Computer Information Systems & Technology Chemistry Accounting Nursing Applied Mathematics Chemistry Public Relations Chemistry & Sociology International Affairs History-Political Science Sociology Computer Information Systems & Technology Accounting Sociology Biology & Environmental Studies

CLASS OF 2020** STUDENTS WHO RECEIVED ASSOCIATE DEGREES Associate of Arts Associate of Science

Lindsay L. Ashcroft Alexis Renee Brown Ashley L. Campbell Jason Tyler Caskey Benjamin Cochran

Nursing Nursing Nursing Engineering Science Petroleum Technology

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Mitchell David Dececchis Tomi Noell Dolan Brianna Lynn Felmlee Michelle Ann Garlitz Larissa Ginther Katherine Gorrell Samantha Jean Gross Nathan Robert Lee Samuel Aaron Marchini Stacie McKinney Kelsey Nicole Milliron Derick Joseph Nowacki Ariel O’Dean Olivia Perez-McGill Krystal Marie Perrett Huntyr Ann Roberts Megan Elaina Rose Diana Jane Selan Zachary Ian Starkey Melinda Stebich Renee Nicole Taylor Evan Clark Tucker Samantha Lynn Walker Hailee Sue Weader Nicole Marie Wilson

Nursing Nursing Nursing Nursing Nursing Nursing Nursing Engineering Science Information Systems Nursing Nursing Nursing Nursing Nursing Nursing Nursing Nursing Nursing Petroleum Technology Nursing Nursing Engineering Science Nursing Nursing Nursing

STUDENTS WHO RECEIVED BACCALAUREATE DEGREES

Bachelor of Arts Bachelor of Science Bachelor of Science in Nursing Montell Adams

Computer Information Systems & Technology Computer Information Systems & Technology Chemistry Exercise Science

Michael Addy Marufu Adetayo Sekou Khalil Aiken

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Jessica Chinwendu Ajiri Jaazaniah Alexander-Hayes Andrea Patricia Allegretto Olivia Marie Allgeier George Roosevelt Alston III Ugwunna Lambert Amadi Kelsey Andersen Alexander David Andrzejewski Kacie Yvonne Appleby Noelle Lynette Austin Andrew R. Bacha Alexa Frances Bachurski Anna Rose Bajkowsky Jenna Balestrieri Noah Robert Bartholomew Erik David Baughman Carey John Behm Morgan Lynn Bellush Tammy Lynn Bissonnette Joseph Blanco Mackenzie Lee Boice Dylan M. Bowers Nicholas Nagel Boyd Ryan James Boyer Lindsey N. Brandon Courtney Renee Britton Derrick Nii Adon Brock

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Psychology Sociology Nursing Radiological Science Criminal Justice Sport & Recreation Management Biology Criminal Justice Criminal Justice Radiological Science Business Management Computer Information Systems & Technology Interdisciplinary Arts Criminal Justice Sport & Recreation Management Psychology Computer Information Systems & Technology General Studies Sociology Computer Information Systems & Technology Accounting & Business Management Computer Information Systems & Technology Computer Information Systems & Technology Business Management History-Political Science & Social Studies Education 7-12 Criminal Justice Sport & Recreation Management

Kaylee Brown Aleah Catherine Busbey Brianna Nicole Cardoni Martin J. Carr Jr Benjamin J. Chalk David J. Challingsworth Kurtis Patrick Richard Chapman Breanne Marie Chatmon Makayla Rayne Chestnut Victoria Cian Ashley Grace Cizek Allyson Clarke Courtney Clever Zach Colburn Isaac Michael-John Colley Brock Wilson Cook Staci Leigh Corbett Cooper David Cordova Giorgia Costantino Katie Cotton James Kennedy Crescenzi Zachary R. Crowl Thomas John Dabney Dakoda Dacosta Zachary John Dahlstrand Michael DeLuca Jarid Michael Dibble Alex Dynda Thomas James Easton Chenyi Fan Madison Ann Feeser Jenna L. Fellows

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Biology Hospitality Management Nursing Computer Information Systems & Technology Sport & Recreation Management Hospitality Management General Studies Criminal Justice Biology Sociology Nursing Business Management Interdisciplinary Arts Environmental Studies Accounting & Business Management Chemistry Criminal Justice Business Management Business Management Early Level Education (PreK-4) Computer Information Systems & Technology Exercise Science Criminal Justice Computer Information Systems & Technology Business Management Criminal Justice Biology Accounting Business Management Economics Athletic Training General Studies

Killian Ferguson Patricia Taylor Fitz Zina Diane Fitzpatrick Karina Flagg Amanda Jane Fraser Christina I. Garris Michael Logan Giopulos

Exercise Science Interdisciplinary Arts Social Sciences Economics Nursing Accounting Sport & Recreation Management Biology Interdisciplinary Arts Athletic Training Computer Information Systems & Technology Exercise Science Broadcast Communications General Studies Hospitality Management Radiological Science Athletic Training Computer Information Systems & Technology Accounting Environmental Studies Biology Psychology Criminal Justice Computer Information Systems & Technology Computer Information Systems & Technology Interdisciplinary Arts Biology Health and Physical Education Economics General Studies Nursing Psychology Business Management

Dylan Giordano Megan Girard Meghan Joanne Goodman Ryan Scott Gorgacz Allison Guengerich Isaiah Keagan Hatcher Rachael N. Hawk Ryuta Hayakawa Bryce Stephen Henry Chelsey Marie Henry Brandon Hogan Benjamin Elias Holt Kegen W. Hoopes Tyler Hoops Gabrielle Victoria Howard Trevor W. Hulse David Lyle Humphrey Hawa Kati Ido Brooke Marie Imbriale Jeofferey-Ann Latoya Irving Colin Irwin Jamari Khalif Jackson William Nicholas James Brittany Nicole Jamison Hannah Elizabeth Jaroszynski Mantel Floyd Johnson Jr

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Mychaela Ryann Jones Rebecca L. Jordan Morgan Lynn Josephson Julie Kephart Devin Philip Kerr Nahian Khan Kristen Ray Kiedaisch Holly Paige Kilpatrick Joshua Jackson Kirkwood Kassi L. Kloss Caelan D. Knapp Jeffrey John Edward Kocjancic Justin Kusiappouh Michael Lauer Dorine S. Lavache Alexis Hannah Layman Nathan Robert Lee Ashleigh V. Lemanski Janice Roberta Lindgren Emily A. Little Jessica Liu Payton Danielle Llewellyn Jenna Marie Lofaro Braden Lynn Alexander Sayre Magee Crystal Ann Malmgren John Aristher Grengia Manalaysay Samuel Aaron Marchini Elizabeth Margaret Marsh Mackenzie Catherine Marsh

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Radiological Science Early Level Education (PreK-4) Radiological Science Biology Computer Information Systems & Technology Business Management Environmental Studies Sociology Sport & Recreation Management Biology Psychology Accounting Criminal Justice Computer Information Systems & Technology Biology Sociology Energy Science and Technology Biology Radiological Science General Studies Nursing Nursing Exercise Science Mathematics Education 7-12 Computer Information Systems & Technology International Affairs Computer Information Systems & Technology Business Management Radiological Science Accounting & Business Management

Mason Gray Martell Matthew J. Marynchak Mark Richard Mayers Katelyn Marie McConaghay Daniel Brian McCouch Asia Ryan McGhee Emily Kate McIntosh Lindsey Jean McMillen Paul James Mendoza Darbi Kristine Mercer Matthew Paul Mohacey Jennie A. Mongillo Matthew David Moonan Megan Elizabeth Murphy Anisha Neupane Melissa Elizabeth Nye Sachiyo Nyunoya Boluwatife Temiloluwa Ogundele Rebecca Elizabeth Ortiz Sawyer McNeill Packard Ian Matthew Parkomaki Drew C. Patla Isaac Nevan Edward Payne Hunter J. Pennypacker Lester Perry Kyle Timothy Petitt Christina Pfeil Osyris Ceasar Polanco Corwin Potrzebowski Trey Pugh Shirleah Noshon Gabrielle Ragin

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Accounting & Business Management Sport & Recreation Management Exercise Science Biology Business Management Business Management Criminal Justice Criminal Justice Biology Nursing Chemistry Exercise Science Accounting & Business Management Exercise Science General Studies Early Level Education (PreK-4) Applied Mathematics Accounting & Business Management Psychology Exercise Science & Psychology Criminal Justice Early Level Education (PreK-4) English and Writing Computer Information Systems & Technology Sociology Chemistry History-Political Science Psychology Criminal Justice Exercise Science Exercise Science

Emily Rose Reams Robert Sebastian Reina Nathan John Renick Michael Andrew Reynolds Jr McKenzie Paige Riggleman Antonell Tionna Amanda Robinson Andrew M. Rockal Carlos Jose Rodriguez Charles Justin Roebuck Janean Elizabeth Rogers Kristina Michelle Rogers James Rook Shana M. Ross Kellen J. Rouff Julia Rowe Jennifer Ruffner MacKenzie Erin Rugar Dondre Rutherford Robert Leonard Sawicki Jr. Chloe Alexis Saxton Claire Elizabeth Saylor Dustin Edward Seigworth Benjamen Gene Setzer Anuja Sharma Sydney Lynn Shepherd Bryce Alan Sherrard Daniel C. Shields Melanie Katherine Shipe Nicolette Marie Simon Anita Louise Sluga Brian Smeltzer Craig M. Orlando Smith

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Environmental Studies Chemistry Environmental Studies Accounting & Business Management Biology Psychology Biology Business Management Business Management Hospitality Management Biology Accounting & Business Management Exercise Science Computer Information Systems & Technology Interdisciplinary Arts Criminal Justice Criminal Justice Exercise Science Business Management Hospitality Management Chemistry Accounting & Business Management Criminal Justice International Affairs Athletic Training Health and Physical Education Biology Nursing Exercise Science General Studies Psychology History-Political Science

Tabetha Smith Katie J. Snyder Audrey Elizabeth South

Biology Biology Accounting & Business Management Criminal Justice Biology Sport & Recreation Management Interdisciplinary Arts Nursing Biology Energy Science and Technology Criminal Justice Computer Information Systems & Technology Nursing Computer Information Systems & Technology Computer Information Systems & Technology Exercise Science Biology General Studies Exercise Science Business Management Public Relations Radiological Science Criminal Justice Computer Information Systems & Technology Environmental Studies & Biology Computer Information Systems & Technology Computer Information Systems & Technology Biology

Benjamin Elliott Stone Jessica Rae Summerson Jacob Sutton Taylor Cole Tarahteeff Chinue I. Thompson Jenna Christine Tomaski Evan Clark Tucker Jasmine Willow Valentine Jacob Andrew Volz Derica Walker Austin Waltenbaugh Luke Edward Waltenbaugh Ryan C. Waltenbaugh Brianna Katherine Wells Katelyn Marie Wells Meagan Lynn Welsh Stacie Anne Werneth Tateana Siren Wertman Taylor R. West Brandi Alexis Wheatley Bryce H. Whitman Stephanie Grace Wohlers Dakoda Dennis Wolcott Luke Paul Woodmansee Susan Jane Wright

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Jordan E. Yaros Meghan Yearwood

Biology Accounting & Business Management Radiological Science Business Management Biology Business Management Business Management Economics and General Studies

Ryanne N. Yehl Akili Nasha Zindzi Young Taylor Young Joshua Alexander Zelinski Tyler Thomas Zelinski Adam M. Zuckerman * Includes December 2020 graduates ** Includes December 2019 graduates

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The Colors of Scholarship

The history of the academic gowns and regalia worn at Commencement goes back as far as the 12th century. Although scholars in the United States wore academic regalia year‑round as late as the 19th century, the display of regalia today is reserved for special academic occasions. The cut of the robes, the colors worn, the fabric of the caps, all have special meaning.

Central to each costume is the robe. Except for certain colleges (e.g., Harvard and Yale), the robes for the bachelor’s, master’s and doctoral degrees are black. A different color is recommended for associates degree holders, and at Pitt‑Bradford that color is dark blue. The associates and bachelor’s degree robe both have pointed, open sleeves.

The master’s degree sleeve is closed, with a slit for the wrist. A bell‑shaped sleeve denotes a holder of a doctoral degree. Additionally, the doctoral gown has velvet trim down the front and three velvet bars on each sleeve. The velvet may be black or reflect the color of the discipline.

The most colorful part of the academic costume is the hood, the large shawl‑like collar that drapes down the back of the robe. The color of the satin lining in the back represents the institutional colors where the degree was earned. The University of Pittsburgh hood has a blue‑and‑gold chevron design. Beginning at the front of the neck, a velvet border extends down the back and outlines the lining. For those receiving their baccalaureate degrees, a white border signifies a bachelor of arts, while gold indicates a bachelor of science.

The velvet borders on master’s and doctoral hoods display the color of the scholars’ discipline. A white band can represent arts, English, letters, literature, sociology or history.

The color for business is drab tan. Brown is worn by the fine and performing arts, pink is worn by musicians, and economics is represented by copper. Education scholars wear light blue, crimson represents communications and journalism, and speech is denoted with silver. Engineers wear orange, and nurses wear apricot. Library science is represented by lemon yellow, while mathematics, criminology and all sciences wear science gold. Sage green is for physical education, and magenta represents continuing education or student affairs. Traditionally, dark blue was worn only by philosophers, but now may be worn by anyone who has earned the Ph.D.

Pitt‑Bradford graduates who are members of honor societies wear cords, stoles or medallions that drape down the front of their gowns. Members of Alpha Lambda Delta, the Freshman Honor Society, wear red, white and gold cords. Blue and white cords signify membership in Pi Gamma Mu, the International Honor Society in Social Sciences. Psi Chi is the National Honor Society in Psychology; its members wear gold cords with gold and blue tassels. Members of the Honors Fraternity for Sport and Exercise Science, Phi Epsilon Kappa, wear gold stoles with the fraternity’s initials and flower on the front. Red and green cords represent Beta Beta Beta, the National Biological Honor Society. The cords worn

by Alpha Sigma Lambda, the National Honor Society for Students in Continuing Higher Education, are burgundy and antique gold. Sigma Tau Delta, the International English Honor Society, signifies membership with its black and red cords. Students in Chi Alpha Sigma, the National College Athlete Society, display a bronze medallion on a black neck ribbon.

Caps come in two varieties, the more familiar mortarboard, known as the Oxford cap, and the softer beret‑type Cambridge cap. Velvet is reserved for holders of the doctoral degree. Pitt‑Bradford graduates wear the mortarboard, but caps worn by faculty are dictated by the institution from which they earned their highest degree.

Tassel color may reflect the discipline, but only those with a doctoral degree may wear gold tassels. Although there are no standards for where the tassel on the cap is to be worn, tradition at many schools, including Pitt‑Bradford, suggests that the tassel be kept on the right until the degree is actually conferred, at which time the tassel is moved to the left.