Faculty of Planning, Environment and Urban Management - 2020-2021 Thesis collection Book

BOOK OF ABSTRACTS STUDENTS THESIS FACULTY OF ENVIRONMENT AND URBAN MANAGEMENT 2020-2021

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POLIS UN [PROJECTING ALBANIA] Ideas generated from research and thesis works 2020-2021 autor: POLIS UNIVERSITY - Faculty of Environment and Urban Management(FPMMU). copyright: POLIS UNIVERSITY printed by: layout & design: Nensi Musaj POLIS UNIVERSITY contact: Rr. Bylis 12, Autostrada Tiranë-Durrës, Km 5, Kashar Kodi Postar 1051, Kutia Postare 2995 Tiranë, Albania Tel:+355.(0)4.2407420 / +355.(0)4.2407421 Fax:+355. (0)4.2407422 Mob:+355 (0) 69 40 88 111 Email:contact@universitetipolis.edu.al Website:www.universitetipolis.edu.al

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NIVERSITY ACKNOWLEGMENT POLIS University is a private university founded in 2006 as a spinoff entity of Co-PLAN / Institute for Habitat Development, a non for profit organization established since 1995. POLIS represents an experimental, avant-garde, and progressive university with main focus on raising human capacities in fields of architecture, urban planning, art design, environmental studies, energy efficiency and civil engineering. It was in 2011 that the first generation of POLIS students graduated, and most of the graduates were soon after employed at public and private administration or self-employed in their own private studios.

The publication presented is a modest summary of the ideas coming from Research Thesis Works of the graduates of Bachelor Programs (3-year programs, full-time, 180 ECTS); Professional Masters Programs (2 year-programs, part-time, 90 ECTS), Master of Science Programs (2 year-programs, full time, 120 ECTS) and Integrated Master of Science Programs (5 year-programs, full-time, 300 ECTS).

On the occasion of this publication POLIS University would like to acknowledge the great role of the academic staff and tutors, the hard and excellent work of students, and all passion and commitment of their families and support staff.

We have joined efforts and are doing our best to build a better country and fairer society and to do this we have chosen the way of investing in human capital because we strongly believe that it is through this investment that the progress and development of this country will come.

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Dr. Prof. Besnik Aliaj POLIS University Rector Dr. Sotir Dhamo POLIS University Administrator

Dear friends of POLIS,

In these few lines, we would like to share with you

processes and scientific works, including thesis works from

some values, ideas, and efforts that led us to the establishment

the graduation process. Although this is just the beginning,

of POLIS and its further consolidation as an institution of

through these tools POLIS has created discussions and

education and alternative intellectual ideas. Together with

debates on topics almost untouched by Albanian society

other co-founder colleagues of POLIS, members of the

in relevant professional fields of design and city sciences,

“generation of changes” in the ’90s, we were all witnesses and

making younger generation realize that there are many

participants of the events that occurred in Albania before and

ways of solving concrete problems. Opening the mind and a

after the change. Considering this, POLIS aims to test the social

positive approach to problems are an important part of the

impact of a new generation of alternatively educated students

transmission of “secret knowledge” and its translation into

in the fields of architecture, urban and environmental planning,

action. In essence, we strongly believe in the real possibility of

applied design, and engineering. Thus, Polis tries to influence

positive change and growth of the Albanian society!

the entire society by viewing the educational process as a form

POLIS aims to set an example as an expert group

of optimism which enables continuity and growth through

bringing alternative ideas to development policies; we

the transmission of knowledge and confidence to students.

think that policy is not only done by the politicians but

We would not consider our job complete if we transmit to

needs professional expertise. In the Albanian context, in

our students expertise and passion only in these areas; above

which scientific research with practical value has so far been

all, we must equip students with the ability to transform such

discontinued and does not correspond to the international

fields in Albania.

standards, for POLIS and the generation of researchers and

Trust in the concept of partnership, processes and

talented young people, research and innovation are a way to

debate, practical experience at a higher academic level, are the

help development. This is why POLIS aims to go beyond its

basis of the DNA inherited from Co-PLAN, a community-based

academic role as an institution. To do this, beside two faculties,

organization founded in the early ‘90s which later became an

it has now established also the Research and Development

institution of training and a promoter of good governance,

Institute(RDI), as well as a experimental center for innovation

author of many projects thanks to the assistance of

(IF).

international and local funding. In this sense, as an institution,

The complexity of issues of Albanian reality is among

POLIS is a reflection of how we have tried to involve, work, and

the most challenging, and their confrontation with the

learn. Within its extended family, Polis has already generated

expertise and the international consultancy of academic

several initiatives, social movements and trends of different

institutions becomes even more complex. Such exchange and

natures which aim to bring new perspectives to society.

confrontation with international partners with whom POLIS

An important role here is also played by the academic

has established institutional partnerships, will enable us to

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overcome the “monopoly of mind” which still “holds hostage” the knowledge and information in Albania and isolates it from younger generations. Beyond that, we strongly believe in the ability to bring innovation to our areas of interest and to impact society. Therefore thesis research works has been one important instrument. All these factors made POLIS a reference point within the country, with the respect of academic circles and associations of higher education in Europe. This is also reflected in the recently granted “Research University’ status and the certification of the programmatic and institutional accreditation.

POLIS is a private institution but it has a clear social mission determined by its origin. The university includes many volunteering and social responsibility activities, expressed in the assistance provided for marginalized local authorities and people in need, in the assistance provided to local governments and the governments in general, through volunteer work and assistance which is manifested in free consultancy projects, awareness campaigns on social problems, etc. Similarly important to us is the educational and research motto ‘…Being good professional means first of all to know how to give love to people…’. In this regard POLIS is a long term project, in which we want to share our modest efforts with others because we believe that in this way we can better achieve our social mission!

We continue to hold the conviction that in order to change the world, one must dream. Thus, do not hesitate to join us sharing our space for thought!

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FPMMU Faculty of Urban and Environmental Planning

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Urban Planning 1. 5-years, Integrated Master of Science, full time, 300 ECTS

Environmental Studies 1. Bachelor Studies (Full-time, 180 ECTS, 3 years) 2. Master of Science (Full or Part-time, 120 ECTS, 2 years)

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Prof. Dr. Sherif Lushaj Dean of the Faculty of Urban and Environmental Planning. FPMMU

The

Faculty

of

Environmental

Planning

and

with academic staff, stakeholder groups and responsible

Management is one of the three main faculties of Polis

institutions.

University. Where programs such as Environmental Studies

planning such as local and regional planning, infrastructure,

(Bachelor, Urban Planning and Management, Master’s in Urban

transport, sustainable development, or environmental

Environmental Management, Professional Master’s Degree’s

challenges from degradation, pollution, nature conservation

aim to equip future generations to think long and hard

and regeneration and impact that these challenges has on

about their impact in the world. Numerous environmental

the human health has been prepared by the students. A

issues both globally and nationally turning to special

particular focus has been given on important topics such are;

attention through these study programs. The tradition of

damaged areas, hazardous areas, the global warming and

environmental education and planning in Albania is relatively

climate change pollution of aquatic environments by plastics

new. Environmental experts completing the Master’s program

and activities, conservation of natural resources etc. Recently,

in Urban Environmental Management and planning fill a gap

starting from the national emergency of the year, new topics

in the labor market at different levels of local and central

has been prepared by the students to address the problems

government, in both the private and public sectors.

of the hazardous areas with the build environment. These

The curricula and topics included in the teaching

Diverse terms in the field of urban

interdisciplinarity of the topics have targeted scientific findings

process and diploma preparation of the Master’s program go

and spared innovative approach proposals for application.

hand in hand with national and global priorities of territorial

Themes, objectives and subject matter are part

planning and environmental protection. In line with the

of the knowledge dissemination of academic staff and

mission and vision of the University, aiming at an in-depth

students, studio work and the use of extensive literature. The

specialization of students, who have completed the first cycle

themes relate to sustainable urban development, sensitivity

studies in the same or similar fields in both environment and

to the social, economic and political needs of our society,

in the Urban Planning programs.

global problems and paradigms for urban planning and the

The Diploma Book, reflected in this publication,

environment, this experience shared with schools with which

is a summary document of all diploma topics, prepared

the University collaborates. In this edition, the reader will

by students in the Master/ bachelor programs in Urban

find the diploma topics for which students have dedicated

Environmental Management and in Urban Planning and

their passion, will and precious time. These papers reflect not

Management, graduated in academic years 2019-2020 at

only the scientific achievements that students have acquired

POLIS University.

during their studies, but also their perspective, desire and

The preparation of the thesis as a comprehensive process,

vision for the environment, urban planning and territorial

starting with the student’s consciousness and vision for the

protection, and the increasing contribution to society. Some

purpose. The implementation of new methodologies and

have focused on the creation of new waste management

research approach varies until the final presentation, this

models; others have addressed the problems of protected

aims at carrying out original study work, in consultation

area management, and others on abandonment of rural areas,

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affordable housing, locally developed plans, decentralization, transport, regional links, community development, landscape resource protection and many more. In the diploma thesis of Master of Urban Environmental Management in Urban Planning program students have addressed the problems of their field professionally and technically by proposing alternatives of urban development with professionalism in attempt to transform Albanian society into concepts and mentality of advanced urban planning and environmental protection, population health, increased well-being and sustainable development. By graduating with a Master’s Degree Program in Urban Planning and Management, students combine theoretical knowledge with experience to address complex issues.

Polis University, under the slogan “space for thinking” and the Faculty concerned, will continuously support the professional courage and social concern of future professionals.

The faculty remains committed to increasing the level of diplomas, so that they become valid with the conclusions and

recommendations

addressed

to

decision-making,

policy-making and interest groups. Students become skilled professionals in their field, able to withstand the challenges of the time, goals for urban planning and environmental protection.

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URBAN PLANNING Faculty of Urban and Environmental Planning

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2020-2021

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Urban Planning 2020-2021 THESIS LIST FROM URBAN PLANNING ANDI ELMADHI 14 IMPACT ON PLANNING OF NATURAL PHENOMENA, CASE STUDY: FLOODS IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF SHKODRA. ARTENIS SHEQJA MULTI-MODAL TERMINAL SHKODRA

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DENIS ARAPI 18 IMPACT OF RAILWAY INFRASTRUCTURE IN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT CASE STUDY DURANA EDION SHTYLLA 20 HYDROPOWER IMPACT ASSESSMENT IN TOURISTIC DEVELOPMENT CASE STUDY MUNICIPALITY OF GRAMSH ENXHI SIMAKU 22 URBAN AND ENERGY RECURIFICATION FORMER TIRANA TEXTILE PLANT JULIO ISUFI 24 IDENTIFICATION AND CREATION OF A HISTORICAL CENTER IN THE CITY OF DURRES KRISTI MYHEDININ 26 PRESERVATION OF INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE AND TRANSFORMATION OF ABANDONED INDUSTRIAL SITES TOWARDS NEW CULTURAL, ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL USES. KRISTIANA ILIA 28 WALKABILITY IN THE CITY OF DURRES ESTIMATION OF PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT FLOW AND IMPACT ON LIVABILITY 12

LAURA RRENA 30 IMPACT OF THE BROOK OF LESHNICA IN THE KAVAJA MUNICIPALITY LEDIA MEHA 32 IMPACT OF ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE IN DETERMINING THE LAND VALUE MARSIDA SARAÇI 34 THE ROLE OF EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS IN NATURAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT (EARTHQUAKES) REHANA AHMATI 36 EVALUATION OF THE MUTUAL IMPACT OF TRANSPORT ON THE ELEMENTS OF THE URBAN FORM BY APPLYING THE METHOD OF SPATIAL SYNTAX. SARA DULAJ 38 MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF BIKE LANES IN THE CITY OF TIRANA. SARA KORRESHI 40 SOCIAL HOUSING IN ALBANIA “USE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS FOR LAND DEVELOPMENT IN THE FUNCTION OF SOCIAL HOUSING” TEA MURAJ 42 RE-EVALUATION OF DENSITY AND IMPACT IN AREAS WITH DEVELOPMENT PRESSURE, THE CASE OF THE CITY OF TIRANA. VANESA THIMJO 44 STANDARDS OF URBAN SPACES AS A KEY ELEMENT IN INCREASING RESILIENCE IN CITIES. XHEKI MAKSUTI 46 SOCIAL HOUSING FOR THE ROMA AND EGYPTIAN COMMUNITY, ELBASAN. 13

IMPACT ON PLANNING OF NATURAL PHENOMENA, CASE STUDY: FLOODS IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF SHKODRA. Student: Supervisor:

Andi ELMADHI

Prof. Dr. GODIVA REMBECI, Dr. KEJT DHRAMI, Msc. LEDIO ALLKJA, Msc. AMANDA TERPO

Abstract: The Municipality of Shkodra, being located in the Drini-Buna water basin, which join in Shkodra, are two rivers that represent almost 50% of the water that flows into the Adriatic Sea through the territory of Albania. Floods in Shkodra have become a very worrying problem in recent years. Shkodra is distinguished for a considerable amount of atmospheric precipitation that goes almost twice the average of precipitation in the territory of the country including the Alpine area. The floods in Shkodra are divided into the flood of the city of Shkodra and the flood of the plain of Nënshkodra. In case of floods in the city, the main role is played by Shkodra Lake and indirectly the other role belongs to the Drin River. While for the area of Nënshkodra the main role is played by the river Drin and the secondary role is played by the river Buna.

Shkodra Lake has an area of 368 km2 of which 149 km2 belong to Albania, is the lake with the largest area in the entire Balkan Peninsula. It is positioned on the border between Albania and Montenegro and plays the role of a natural regulator of the general water flow of the Buna River. The water basin of Shkodra Lake - Buna River - Drin River forms a single hydrographic system that collects the waters of a basin with a total area of 19582 km2 (Shkodra Lake itself has a catchment area of about 5180 km2).

Problematic is the lowland area of Shkodra where demographic movements have affected the transformation of agricultural land with urban areas, making it quite difficult to eliminate floods in this area. In this study is made a comparison of maps and images of this territory before and after demographic changes. The possibility that one of the quick measures to be taken in this case is the repair of the protective embankments of the Buna River, which should be preceded by an engineering study by local reclamation experts. On this occasion we mention another idea that existed before (before the 90s) but that began to be implemented for a very short time

and in a hurry after the events of the last floods 2010-2011. It is about deepening the Buna River bed that would enable the increase of the transport capacity of the Bune River, which would mitigate the effect of floods.

Any intervention made in the water complex must necessarily be analyzed in order to avoid the risk of floods. Two hydrotechnical constructions should be mentioned here which are quite controversial for the negative function in the floods of this area. It is about the new bridge that was built over the Bune River and the Shkodra by-pass that was built to reduce the effect of floods.

Keywords: Flooding, flood risk, protective embankments, built, degradation.

Bibliography: Bogdani, M (2006) Risk assessment from flooding in the rivers of Albania - Proceedings of Balwois conference 2006.

Mott MacDonald (2011) Inception report for the post-disaster comprehensive flood risk assessment and management study.

BASIN IN THE LIGHT OF EU, Regional Working Meeting - Flood Risk Management in the Drin and Buna Lowland, Northern Albania, 15th/16th October 2014, Shkodër.

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Përmbytje e Shkodrës 2011

Baseni i lumenjve Drin dhe Buna – rrjeti lumor (LËI, 2014)

Harta e zonës së mbrojtur në zonën e projektit (MM, 2005)

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MULTI-MODAL TERMINAL SHKODER

Student: Supervisor:

Artenis SHEQJA

Prof. Dr. GODIVA REMBECI, Dr. KEJT DHRAMI, Msc. LEDIO ALLKJA, Msc. AMANDA TERPO

Abstract: Through this diploma topic it is required to create a clear idea of where the location of the multimodal terminal provided in the Shkodra PPV should be and if it could be more optimal for the city to have more than one terminal. The study focuses on the deeper knowledge of the city of Shkodra, getting acquainted with the problems that the city has with traffic and moving flows of vehicles and passengers in general. The main objective of this topic will be to determine the exact location of the terminal / s. This will be done after we do an analysis of the three scenarios.

After the analysis performed in terms of infrastructure, economy and social status of these scenarios will be reached some conclusions. Based on these conclusions, some recommendations will be made that will focus on improving the current situation of the areas and the possibility of using the potentials that they possess.

The study aims to evaluate these scenarios to reach a satisfactory conclusion for the municipality of Shkodra, that within this large project to gain a high degree of development in the northern region of the country. I will broadcast the contribution reflected in this diploma topic in my city, in the municipality of Shkodra.

Keywords: multimodal, terminal, traffic, scenarios, moving flow.

Bibliography: Kramarz, M.; Przybylska, E. (2021), Multimodal Transport in the Context of Sustainable Development of a City. Sustainability.

Bielli, M. Boulmankoul, & Mouncif, H. (2006), Object modeling and path computation for multimodal travel system. European Journal of Operational Research, 175(3), 1705-1730.

Liu, L. (2011), Data model and algorithms for multimodal route planning with transportation networks. Technische Universitat Munchen, Munchen.

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Zona e vendosjes së terminalit të lindjes.

Zona e vendosjes së terminalit perëndimor.

Zona e vendosjes së terminalit verior.

Harta e rrugëve aksesues, terminali lindor.

Harta e rrugëve aksesuese, terminali perëndimor.

Harta e rrugëve aksesuese, terminali verior.

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IMPACT OF RAILWAY INFRASTRUCTURE IN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT CASE STUDY DURANA Student: Supervisor:

Denis ARAPI

Prof. Dr. GODIVA REMBECI, Dr. KEJT DHRAMI, Msc. LEDIO ALLKJA, Msc. AMANDA TERPO

Abstract: For many decades transportation has been characterized as a connection to all aspects of life around the world. The natural and world environment, social welfare, and economic development all depend on or are interrelated with the transport system. A safe, clean, sustainable, and equitable system of free aid, once in cities and urban centers, to flourish and tend to strike a balance between a system that works and facilitates the lives of citizens and contributions economic.

Our country has a situation with ups and downs, the cheaper the railway situation that ends 90 ‘. History and railway infrastructure began in the late ‘40s and therefore 45 years was the only mode of transport in the country. Changing the regulation of the dictatorial communist regime, the railway system of a general system being completely replaced by private vehicles. In recent years the need for an alternative transport system comes and goes more and more.

The researcher wants to conduct a regional analysis as a project with strong intervention in the territory will affect in terms of infrastructure and life. The thesis seeks to seek a light to analyze the division between data collection and the creation of the hypothetical possibility of a development in the region that can be adapted.

Keywords: transport system, sustainable, railway, data.

Bibliography: Aliaj, B. (2011). Power and Chaos. (D. o.

Vienna University of Technology, Re.) Tirane-Durres.

Andreu, P. (1998). The discovery of universal space. L´Arcaedizioni.

Cavallo, R. (2007). Railway and the Dutch city in OverHolland. SUN Architecture, 6-10.

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Vizioni i PINS mbi zhvillimin rajonal

Harta topografike 1987 me fashat ekonomike të kohës / gjeneruar nga GIS (përpunim i autorit)

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HYDROPOWER IMPACT ASSESSMENT IN TOURISTIC DEVELOPMENT CASE STUDY MUNICIPALITY OF GRAMSH Student: Supervisor:

Edion SHTYLLA

Prof. Dr. GODIVA REMBECI, Dr. KEJT DHRAMI, Msc. LEDIO ALLKJA, Msc. AMANDA TERPO

Abstract: The tourism sector is one of the sectors that influences the most in the economic development of the country and one of the sectors that is increasing the number of employees day by day. Gramsh district is still in the start phase in terms of this sector and there is still a big need for the attention of local government.

Usually the construction of hydropower plants has negative consequences but in this case of the city of Gramsh, after the construction of hydropower plants, the creation of the lake and the improvement of road infrastructure by the construction company has brought the increase of tourists and the opening of new tourism opportunities.

The purpose of the realization of this topic from the beginning has been the study of how the construction of HPPs of Banja, Kokël and Moglica has indirectly and directly influenced in the Gramsh tourism in all phases: design, construction and realization. The results are also seen from the questionnaire that we have developed online in relation to this research topic. Gramsh has the opportunities to be developed but needs attention and investment from local residents, local and central government.

Keywords: Hydropower plant, tourism sector, local and central government, investment, development, lake.

Bibliography: Assessment of possible effects on ecosystems of small hydropower plants under construction in Valbona Valley National Park Albania,Dokumenti i strategjisë së Bashkisë Gramsh.

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Marrja e kampioneve dhe paraqitja e stacioneve meterologjike në hidrocentralin e Banjës(Statkraft)

Marrja e mostrave analizuese dhe paraqitja e stacioneve meterologjike në hidrocentralin e Moglicës(statkraft)

Marrja e mostrave analizuese dhe paraqitja e stacioneve meterologjike në hidrocentralin e Kokëlit(Statkraft)

Harta e zonave të mbrojtura(Bashkia Gramsh)

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URBAN AND ENERGY RECURIFICATION FORMER TIRANA TEXTILE PLANT

Student: Supervisor:

Enxhi SIMAKU

Prof. Dr. GODIVA REMBECI, Dr. KEJT DHRAMI, Msc. LEDIO ALLKJA, Msc. AMANDA TERPO

Abstract: Spatial planning has an important role in the implementation of sustainable and long-term solutions in relation to one of the basic services, energy. Spatial planning is a companion in the long-term development plans of cities and has an essential role in human life.

Planners, among others, have a strategic position within local government, a position which has to do with sustainable energy security solutions and the implementation of the national / global plan for protection against climate change and especially with the reduction of carbon emissions, efficiency and promoting the production of energy from renewable sources. Europe today is based on sustainable development such as the decarbonisation of the transport sector, the efficiency of the movement of vehicles.

The contribution of this research (diploma) in relation to spatial planning and sustainable development for energy is to define a guide (guide) which will enable that within spatial planning, to include future energy development and planning. For this urban planners should encourage high-performance construction and start from the renovation of existing buildings to the planning and design of new efficient buildings. The analysis for the urban requalification of the former industrial zone of Kombinat based on the TR030 plan has demonstrated some of the principles for the sustainable development of this Plan from the Energy point of view. The topic through the proposal of the Guide aims to bridge the gap between energy supply planners and spatial / urban planning.

As a case study, the former Kombinati was taken as one of the polycentres of Tirana with about 72,000 inhabitants housed in 24,000 nuclear families and about 5,200 businesses is today responsible for the annual energy consumption of 1,118 GWh / year and 262,300 kilotons of CO2 which after interventions will are 622 GWh / year and will save 55.6%. carbon is reduced to 119,040 kilotons in the atmosphere compared to current consumption.

Keywords: solutions, energy, efficency, guide, intervention.

Bibliography: BCG & Orkestra. (2015) Smart energy: Nuevas aplicaciones y modelos de negocio.

Bernal-Agustín, J. L., & Dufo-López, R. (2006) Economical and environmental analysis of grid connected photovoltaic systems in spain. Renewable Energy, 31(8), 1107-1128.

Dufo-López, R., & Bernal-Agustín, J. L. (2015) A comparative assessment of net metering and net billing policies. Study cases for Spain. Energy, 84, 684-694.

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Zona e re qe do të zëvendësoje ish Kombinatin.

Analiza e infrastruktures urbane dhe lëvizshmëria vertikale në zonën e re.

Skema e dizajnit të ri konceptual me njësitë, nën-njësitë, rrugët, parcelat, gjelberimi

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IDENTIFICATION AND CREATION OF A HISTORICAL CENTER IN THE CITY OF DURRES Student: Supervisor:

Julio ISUFI

Prof. Dr. GODIVA REMBECI, Dr. KEJT DHRAMI, Msc. LEDIO ALLKJA, Msc. AMANDA TERPO

Abstract: The purpose of this topic is closely related to the economy of a country, said these comprehensive meanings, but also specific. Perspective in a new meaning, such as the reactivation of the local economy, would bring a series of benefits, of which we can mention; the creation of new jobs, the improvement of living conditions, economic growth accompanied by a strong renewal, with a positive impact on investment, also, empowered areas would be expanded by adding valuable resources for development.

Details closely related to heritage preservation, can be considered; economic and social renewal, which carries a strategic importance in relation to human development.

The city of Durrës is built over a rich history from antiquity, leaving important traces in what Durrës is today. This past has highly influenced the urban system and what is important lies in the fact that the traces of the past must remain visible and not fade from the interventions made in the city.

Keywords: historical, resources, focal points, urban landscape, development.

Bibliography: Lynch, K. (1960). Imazhi i qytetit. United States of America.

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Projektimi i hapësirave të gjelbra dhe të përbashkëta Përfshirja e zonave me interes historik dhe arkeologjik në rrjetin e ri të gjelbërimit dhe qarkullimit.

Master Plani – Propozimi i hapësirave të reja

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PRESERVATION OF INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE AND TRANSFORMATION OF ABANDONED INDUSTRIAL SITES TOWARDS NEW CULTURAL , ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL USES. Student: Supervisor:

Kristi MYHEDINI

Prof. Dr. GODIVA REMBECI, Dr. KEJT DHRAMI, Msc. LEDIO ALLKJA, Msc. AMANDA TERPO

Abstract: For the creation of this study, it was necessary to divide it into two main phases. The first being the research on existing literature and the second on field based data collection.

The research phase, consisting on literature review, focuses on industrial areas in the country and the possibilty of finding similar riqualified industrial areas abroad. This study is based mainly on scientific publication on-lineand published research.

The second phase consists on field observation, collecting data on the actual state of the buildings and neccessry measurments, technical evaluations of the existing infrastructure and structural state. Pilot area will be considered Former Industrial Area of Berat, the former textile factory “Mao Ce Dun”.

This study is expected to identify the potential of this area, on softening or influencing solutions on the socio-economic issues present. It will create a plan of meaures on implementing these interventions on objects and making them part of programms easily implemented on urban context.

Keywords: Industrial areas, socio-economic, regenaration.

Bibliography: Addams, J. and R. Sidel (1998) Twenty years at Hull House: with autobiographical notes. Penguin Books , New York, NY. Allmendinger, P. and M. Tewdwr-Jone (2002) Planning futures: new directions for planning theory.

Routledge, London.

Planning and Experimental Knowledge Production: Zeche Zollverein as an Urban Laborator (2014)

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Zona 2 - Inovative inkubator

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WALKABILITY IN THE CITY OF DURRES ESTIMATION OF PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT FLOW AND IMPACT ON LIVABILITY Student: Supervisor:

Kristiana ILIA

Prof. Dr. GODIVA REMBECI, Dr. KEJT DHRAMI, Msc. LEDIO ALLKJA, Msc. AMANDA TERPO

Abstract: How much a city is livable today, the man plays a very important role in it. In other words, responsible for the pros and cons of a city is the resident who lives there and its activities. But this is not always the case. Decisions to intervene in a city are sometimes made from the top down. Further, livability is closely related to the prosperity of a city. Walkability is about how comfortable a city is for you as you walk through it and carry out your daily activities. Cities today are growing at a very fast pace and sometimes it seems difficult to control the factors that affect the performance of a city. They are a few, but if we mention the most important let them be: pedestrian paths, sidewalks, and their material, white lines, bus stops, bicycle lanes, and parking spaces.

In the city of Durrës, already these elements mentioned above are crystallized in their respective forms and have their specific functions. According to the analysis, the problem is the pavement material, the total lack of bicycle lanes, and the problem of finding a parking space which is turning into a stressful activity day by day. On the other hand, we can not leave without mentioning that the artistic side has a great weight in the perception of the city, both by residents and visitors. To conclude, in a relatively short period, in those few places where there is room for improvement and to intervene in Durrës, they should be used as soon as possible, before it degrades and urbanization increases.

Keywords: livability, walkability, pedestrian, material.

Bibliography Lester R. Brown, C. F. (2000). State of the World 2000. Worldwatch Institute.

Musango, J. C. (2017). Urban metabolism for resource efficient cities: from theory to implementation. Paris: UN Environment.

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IMPACT OF THE BROOK OF LESHNICA IN THE KAVAJA MUNICIPALITY

Student: Supervisor:

Laura RRENA

Prof. Dr. GODIVA REMBECI, Dr. KEJT DHRAMI, Msc. LEDIO ALLKJA, Msc. AMANDA TERPO

Abstract: This thesis fucuses on analyzing the current situation of the brook of Leshnica in the Kavaja municipality, the villages that are permeated by this brook and the current situation of the their population and the way that this situation can be improved.

Not only in the Kavaja municipality but around the world, floods are the most costly and most dangerous if there is no intervention of the significant task force. The Kajave municipality being competent and knowledgeable of the emergency of the situation when brooks overflow, has not had sufficient contribution on brook overflooding and its improvement of the overflow, in prevention of flooding and the wellbeing of the population around it, which has become a concern every year.

For those reasons the brook resting bed has degraded every year together with its erosion.

The areas which this phenomena impacts are being untenable. The villagers of such areas are not able to have produce which impacts their financial well-being.

These areas also suffer from unbearable smells that are present because of the insufficient undergroung sewerage, the sewer strystem dumps it contents in the brook thatp leads them to the seas, which also affects tourism in the surrounding areas. The thesis plans on stdying very closely all these issues, the current brrok situation, flooding areas, living contios of the surrounding population in order to give the right recommendations of the improvement of the current crisis. It plans on finding solution not only for the population’s benefit, actual tourism crisis, farmer’s produce as well as helping the municipality.

Keywords: brook, population, floods, emergency, municipality, erosion, well-being, tourism, crisis Bibliography: Republika e Shqipërisë ,2017,Enviromental and terriottorial menagment institutue, 2014 Instituti i Gjeoshkencave, Energjisë, Ujit dhe Mjedisit., 2017

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IMPACT OF ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE IN DETERMINING THE LAND VALUE

Student: Supervisor:

Ledia MEHA

Prof. Dr. GODIVA REMBECI, Dr. KEJT DHRAMI, Msc. LEDIO ALLKJA, Msc. AMANDA TERPO

Abstract: This paper aims to provide an overview on the impact that infrastructure has on determing land value, initially understanding the connection between land value and infrastructural network. This is accomplished by first grasping the theoretical component, then making assertions based on case studies from other nations and the Albanian context. We can understand the effect of the intervention on infrastructure by doing a literature review and collecting data on the land value in two different time periods and in two separate study regions.

Land value, like any other indicator is influenced by a variety of variables. The location, whether it is an urban center or a suburban region, the comfort offered, the availability of green space, accessibility to public services, public transportation, and the aspect that will be studied for this thesis, infrastructure, are all contributing factors. Physical improvements such as the construction of new roads, the upgrading of existing ones, and their maintenance, according to case studies from other regions, have had a beneficial influence on the area, reflecting this as an elevation in land value.

This study provides an insight on how the infrastructural network has affected the real estate market, in this example in Tirana, through data gathering and analysis.

Keywords: infrastructure, network, intervention, land value, green space, case studies, physical improvements Bibliography: Acevedo, P., 2017. The Impact of Upgrading Municipal Infrastructure on Property Prices: Evidence from Brazil, s.l.: s.n.

Guijarro, F., 2019. Assessing The Impact of Road Traffic Externalities on Residential Price Value: a Case Study in Madrid, Spain , Spain: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.

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Njësitë strukturore dhe zona e përzgjedhur, Tiranë (Sila, 2021)

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THE ROLE OF EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS IN NATURAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT (EARTHQUAKES) Student: Supervisor:

Marsida SARAÇI

Prof. Dr. GODIVA REMBECI, Dr. KEJT DHRAMI, Msc. LEDIO ALLKJA, Msc. AMANDA TERPO

Abstract: Natural disasters are events that always find us unprepared and unable to anticipate and take action.

One of the natural disasters with the greatest , are earthquakes, which in Albania have often been present with many consequences, both material damage and in human life loss. The last earthquake in Albania with a magnitude over 6, was the one recorded on November 26, 2019, where 51 people were found dead and thousands of them found themselves homeless.

In some countries such as Japan, China, Czech Republic, etc., attempts are often made to anticipate earthquakes and to prepare for immediate response.

The most innovative way to ensure this is to implement early warning systems. These systems use a general data network, which is recieved and processed by seismic activity monitoring centers across the country.

The processing of this data creates a clear picture of what is expected to happen, albeit just seconds ahead.

Despite the extremly short time available, at a critical moment, the right response can be equal to saving one or more human lives, which is also the main purpose of this thesis. Knowing a few seconds in advance what is expected to hit the country, can esure some more time for people to calm down and not create panic.

In order for such a system to be adapted in Albania, it is necessary to conduct a study / research and data analysis for each Administrative Unit, each Municipality or at any Central levels. Access to this data is primary and vital to the progress of the research process on this thesis.

Despite the actual lack of data in Albania, especially in terms of seismic activity and natural disaster management, the establishment of a database for this data is possible and can serve as a “raw material” for the establishment and implementation of an early warning system. What is needed to achieve this goal, would firstly be the education of the citizens on the role and importance of these systems, comparing their types and thus, choosing the system

with the highest adaptability in the project area.

The analysis of the selected area will clearly reflect the situation in which the Municipality of Tirana finds itself, on behalf of “ embracing” of investments of this level. If we prove that we are ready to commit to a project of this level and importance, the assistance from international actors will always be present and will result in a successful project in every aspect, but especially in that of human nature.

Keywords: natural disaster, database, actors.

seismic

activity,

data,

Bibliography: Elizabeth Cochran, J.L. (a.d). Rapid Earthquake Characterization using MEMS accelerometers and Volunteer Hosts Hoxhaj, A. (a.d). Porta Vendore K.,D. (2003). Earthquake Early Warning System in Japan. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

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Harta e epiqendrave të tërmeteve për periudhën 1958-2018 (Ormeni 2019), Ms≥4.5

Intensiteti sizmik i Agjencisë Meteorologjike të vlerësuar që llogaritet bazuar në paralajmërimin e fundit të lëshuar nga EEWS (djathtas); intensiteti sizmik i vërejtur aktual (majtas)

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EVALUATION OF THE MUTUAL IMPACT OF TRANSPORT ON THE ELEMENTS OF THE URBAN FORM BY APPLYING THE METHOD OF SPATIAL SYNTAX. Student: Supervisor:

Rehana AHMATI

Prof. Dr. GODIVA REMBECI, Dr. KEJT DHRAMI, Msc. LEDIO ALLKJA, Msc. AMANDA TERPO

Abstract: Rapid urbanization in Tirana, the capital of Albania, has brought changes in various aspects of urban planning in periods of historical importance, which have left traces even today. For residents, on the other hand, sensitivity to the functioning of the city in daily life is high and causes problems of various kinds. These problems are closely related, especially to public and private transport, accessibility and infrastructural interconnectivity within the city.

This study focuses on the analysis at a city level, in terms of infrastructure investments to enable mobility and facilitated circulation by adapting to the urban form and urban density. The problems for this issue are pointed out by the lack of coherence on the interventions in the road system and as a result, at the resident level are felt in the form of traffic congestion, prolonged hours of movement in the city, the difficulty of finding parking spaces. Poor infrastructural management results, as mentioned, also in the loss of public spaces.

Consequently, the main objectives of this research are related to the problems of road infrastructure related to strategic transport, integrated land management and the application of spatial syntax. These objectives aim to answer the research questions as follows: “How can the increase of Tirana connectivity between the method and spatial syntax be enabled?” In order for the objectives to be achieved in the study, other research questions have been raised regarding the planned strategies for city transport, investments in land management and infrastructure.

The study methodology is deeply based on the review of existing literature on the topics of transport, infrastructure, urban form, density and spatial syntax.

Initially, one of the most important steps to go deeper into the issues to be addressed is a detailed analysis of strategic transport plans in the city of Tirana according to the most important historical periods.

Further, of great interest is the comparison and study of the current state of transport, infrastructure with the

proposed urban plans. This step shows the problems encountered in the application of the plans, as well as the non-functioning of various government or institutional links. The last step, but not of importance, is the study of the concept of spatial syntax and its implementation to increase connectivity in the city through the road system.

Keywords: Rapid urbanization, spatial syntax, accessability, urban form, urban density, traffic congestion Bibliography: Aliaj, B., Lulo, K. & Myftiu, G., 2003. From Indipendence to the World Wars (1920-1938). Në: Tirana, the Challenge of urban Development. Tirana: s.n., pp. 29-41.

Moudon, A. V., 1997. Urban morphology as an emerging interdisciplinary field. Në: Urban Morphology.. s.l.:s.n., pp. 3-10.

Cascetta E. (2001) Transportation Systems.

In: Transportation Systems Engineering: Theory and Methods. Applied Optimization, vol 49. Springer, Boston, MA.

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Lidhshmëria ndër vite (Burimi: Punuar nga autori)

“Choice” ndër vite (Burimi: Punuar nga autori)

Integrimi ndër vite (Burimi: Punuar nga autori )

Thellësia ndër vite (Burimi: Punuar nga autori)

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MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF BIKE LANES IN THE CITY OF TIRANA. Student: Supervisor:

Sara DULAJ

Prof. Dr. GODIVA REMBECI, Dr. KEJT DHRAMI, Msc. LEDIO ALLKJA, Msc. AMANDA TERPO

Abstract: Tirana, the capital of Albania, has experienced fast urban growth and uncontrolled urbanisation in the last few decades. However, the city leadership has now recognised the importance of sustainable urban mobility, so many actions have been put in place recently to improve mobility in the city. Some transformations include the opening of highways, the construction of new roads, the change of highways and bicycle lanes. During the design phase of the PPV of the municipality of Tirana, one priority was the development of alternative and eco-friendly transport such as the movement by bicycle. This is for many reasons, some of which are the reduction of traffic intensity created by driving, the improvement of air quality and environment, the promotion of healthy living, and generally the orientation towards an ecological transport development.

In recent years, the municipality has taken the initiative to build a wide network of bicycle lanes throughout Tirana. Many segments have been opened, while a large part is still under construction.

The changes made in Tirana have made the city with the most bicycle lanes in Albania. The drafting of the report arises as a need for an in-depth analysis of the changes and possible effects that the recent addition of lanes has come to as well as to monitor and update the efficiency and effectiveness of their use in a high traffic city like Tirana. The aim is to create a critical analysis regarding the expectations and projects approved by the community about the concrete situation. This monitoring will gather real information, and which will be analyzed to track progress towards the plan and to check compliance with certain standards.

Keywords: sustainable urban development, alternative transport, bicycle lane, monitoring, Bibliography: City Profile: Tirana, CASCADE (Cities exchanging on local energy leadership) Bicycle Vision Document for Tirana (2016), MOBYCON

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Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan for the City of Tirana.

Harta e Rrjetit Aktual të Pedalimit

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SOCIAL HOUSING IN ALBANIA “USE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS FOR LAND DEVELOPMENT IN THE FUNCTION OF SOCIAL HOUSING” Student: Supervisor:

Sara KORRESHI

Prof. Dr. GODIVA REMBECI, Dr. KEJT DHRAMI, Msc. LEDIO ALLKJA, Msc. AMANDA TERPO

Abstract: This research is focused on the problems that arise from the impact of rapid urbanization, which directly affects the inhabitant’s demand for housing in different settings and cities. A specific interest for the study is related to the drawbacks of the phenomenon of social housing in Albania, specifically in the municipality of Tirana. The main objective of this research study is to elaborate on a method to align financial instruments for land development to further develop social housing issues. Other filler objectives take into account detailed analysis of the sector of social housing in the municipality of Tirana, as well as studying financial instruments for land development and their implementation.

This research is a beginning for future research regarding social housing, housing dilemmas, land management as well as controlling rapid urbanization.

Fitting a good model of land development alongside better financial management in a small country like Albania, could provide for an increased social and physical wellbeing in cities, as well as create the grounds for more extensive research on the topic. As housing issues in Albania play a key role in the quality of life of inhabitants and are a current and ongoing issue, this study is a step towards better management on social housing and social housing programs.

Regarding methodology, this research process is largely focused on theoretical research, in efforts to answer the main research question: “How to implement the land financial instruments for land development to support social housing?” The structure of the theoretical spectrum started with thorough literature and national legislation review to understand concretely what the situation is. Another principal aspect of the theory is assessing the existing national programs on social housing. For an in-depth examination, it is crucial to analyze the existing financial instruments on housing and how they are implemented depending on the situation. Furthermore, several international case studies have been selected in order to make a

parallelization with the Albanian context. Last but not least, quantitative research methods have been used to assess the demand for social housing from national registries and statistics to evaluate the local and central governmental capacity to provide solutions for this ongoing problem in the country.

From this research, the main limitation that was encountered is the lack of transparency from the targeted social housing programs and their financial instruments management and distribution where needed.

Keywords: Housing demands, social housing, financial instruments, land development, rapid urbanization.

Bibliography: Arnold, A., Rapoport , E. & Van Doorn, L., 2019. In the Age of Cities: The Impact of Urbanisation on House Prices and Affordability . In: Hot Property: The Housing Market in Major Cities. s.l.:s.n.

Henilane, I., 2016. HOUSING CONCEPT AND ANALYSIS OF HOUSING. Baltic Journal of Real Estate Economics and Construction Management, pp. 168179.

Lundgren, B. & Hansson, A. G., 2018. Defining Social Housing: A Discussion on the. In: Housing Theory and Society. s.l.:s.n.

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RE-EVALUATION OF DENSITY AND IMPACT IN AREAS WITH DEVELOPMENT PRESSURE, THE CASE OF THE CITY OF TIRANA. Student: Supervisor:

Tea MURAJ

Prof. Dr. GODIVA REMBECI, Dr. KEJT DHRAMI, Msc. LEDIO ALLKJA, Msc. AMANDA TERPO

Abstract: Density and its indicators have many more aspects, especially in terms of urbanization and urban planning.Urban density gives the possibility of its treatment in various urban analyzes, creating a layout adapted for any urban experience. This method of treatment and study is a broad theoretical valuation and research on the density problem and how is being used throughout the years. Based on these theories, the comparison with the situation of Tirana, how it can be studied and applied, is the key element of the theses.

The analyzes are formed differently, in terms of quantity and quality, while the phenomenon is multidimensional and has many different functions.

You need to analyze throughout use and complexity, to create or give a more general result in terms of what humans and the city itself needs.

Although the cities are different and their development has changed, the study of experience and connectivity is caused by the same concept, the experience that the resident has in a normal city space.

Keywords: density, indicators, residents.

Bibliography: L.Wen, J.Kenworthy, D.Marinova (2020): “Higher Density Environments and the Critical Role of City Streets as Public Open Spaces”, fq. (3-6).

Cho, I.S, Heng, C.K, Trivic, Z, (2016): “Reframing urban space, New York, Taylor & Francis”, fq.

(243-244).

N. Ladouce, L.Hee, P.T. Janssen (2010) “Urban Space Planning for Sustainable High Density Environment”, fq. (788)

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STANDARDS OF URBAN SPACES AS A KEY ELEMENT IN INCREASING RESILIENCE IN CITIES. Student: Supervisor:

Vanesa THIMJO

Prof. Dr. GODIVA REMBECI, Dr. KEJT DHRAMI, Msc. LEDIO ALLKJA, Msc. AMANDA TERPO

Abstract: Global pressures affecting the cities we live in, including climate change, financial crises and extraordinary natural events, present new and daily challenges. Due to the increased unassertiveness in coping with these issues, the concept of urban resilience becomes more tangible every day.

Over the years, Albania has faced several catastrophic events of various natures. On the 26th of November, 2019, Tirana and Durrës, two of the largest cities in Albania, were hit by an earthquake with a magnitude of 6.4. One of the main problems detected was the lack of and necessity of public spaces to shelter inhabitants after the earthquake.

Public spaces are very important and a crucial element in urban regeneration. In developed cities, in addition to being considered a key factor in their development, they play a dynamic role and contribute to the whole city to solve current problems as well as issues that may be encountered in the future (UNISDR, 2009).

The whole event of November proved not only of their absence but also, in cases of a similar event repeated in the future, the lack of proper standards for their creation. The caused crisis, although warned in terms of security, quality of planning, construction, administration and governance of the territory in all dimensions in Albania, proved a failure in urban planning, despite continuous efforts in some sectors or directions (Co-Plan, 2019).

For the above, this study aims to understand the importance of urban renewal and resilience capacity by taking public space as a key element in its growth. The focus of the case study will be the city of Tirana. This research’s interest will be focused on analyzing the current state of urban public spaces, their management and the shortcomings encountered regarding the standards for resilience. The purpose of this study is to find an approach that will help increase resilience not only for the city of Tirana but also for other cities in Albania.

Keywords: resilience capacity, urban public space, resilience standards

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SOCIAL HOUSING FOR THE ROMA AND EGYPTIAN COMMUNITY, ELBASAN. Student: Supervisor:

Xheki MAKSUTI

Prof. Dr. GODIVA REMBECI, Dr. KEJT DHRAMI, Msc. LEDIO ALLKJA, Msc. AMANDA TERPO

Abstract: This thesis focuses on analyzing the current situation of the Roma and Egyptian community in the city of Elbasan and how this situation can be improved. Not only in this city, but all over the world these communities are seen to be very vulnerable.

These communities have consistently faced various difficulties, with evictions from their homes and being rejected by the rest of the population. For this reason we can say that the situation of the Roma and Egyptian communities is a problem that extends throughout the world and not only in Albania.

The Municipality of Elbasan for years has not contributed on improving the lives of communities or providing a shelter for these individuals. For this reason, these communities are located at the suburbs of the city, in neighborhoods which do not provide all the necessary services for them, constantly trying to survive. The areas at which these communities are located are quite problematic but also the situation of individuals is worrying. These individuals have major problems with education, employment, the number of individuals in the family (versus the opportunities they have to feed them) or even discrimination. These individuals have always been unaccepted by society.

The topic aims are to study all these issues, the situation of neighborhoods where these communities are located so that some recommendations can be given on how this situation can be improved. Problematic is the infrastructure, green areas which for the most part are completely missing, necessary services, etc. Due to the situation of the neighborhoods but also due to the problems that these individuals have, in these areas we often encounter a large number of crimes. The aim is to provide solutions that will benefit the communities but also the municipality.

The way this development is to be achieved is by creating a strong and lasting link between the municipality, communities and NGOs thus ensuring that the needs of all parties are met. In the end it is desired to achieve a complete change in the lives

of individuals of these communities. In addition to the developments that will take place in their homes and neighborhoods, it is desirable to change the approach that other individuals have with these communities. The discrimination that these communities suffer in their daily lives could be eliminated.

Keywords: communities, discrimination etc.

shelter,

services,

NGOs,

Bibliography: Abdikeeva, A., 2005. Roma Poverty and the Roma National Strategies: The Cases of Albania, Greece and Serbia.. London, United Kingdom: Minority Rights Group International.

Debrunner, G., 2020. Strategic use of land policy instruments for affordable housing – Coping with social challenges under scarce land conditions in Swiss cities. s.l.:s.n.

Rosenfeld, O., 2015. Social Housing in the UNECE Region, Models,Trends and Challenges.

Switzerland: United NAtions.

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47

URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT Faculty of Environment and Urban Management

48

2020-2021

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Urban Environmental Management 2020-2021 THESIS LIST FROM URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ALDA KROSI 52 STUDY ON SUSTAINABLE FOREST / PASTURE MANAGEMENT AND BIODIVERSITY MAINTENANCE IN PETRELA TIRANA AMADEO HASKOÇELAJ 54 POLLUTION ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FROM THE OIL INDUSTRY IN THE PATHOS AREA ARDIT LOSHA 56 URBANIZATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT IN THE TIRANA LAKE PARK AREA FOR THE PERIOD 1992-2018 ARDITA DRAÇINI 58 IDENTIFICATION AND POTENTIAL IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT FROM ENVIRONMENTAL PERMITS ISSUED DURING THE PERIOD 2013-2019 FOR SHKODRA REGION ARSID PAMBUKU

60 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AT ARCHEOLOGICAL SITES: CASE STUDY BUTRINTI BLERIM BALLA 62 BIOMASS ASSESSMENT IN TIRANA, VLORA AND KORÇA REGIONS DANIELA MUÇO

64 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF SITUATION IN THE PARK AND LAKE PRESPA AND PROPOSAL OF MEASURES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT DIONISA SINJARI

66 STUDY ON THE USE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES WIND ENERGY AND ITS POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS IN ALBANIA DOLORES BUJKU

68 DIGITALIZATION OF WATER POLLUTION AND THE IMPACT OF ANTHROPOGENIC ACTIVITY IN RIVERS LANA , TIRANA AND ISHËM 50

DRITAN ZENELI

70 IDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF CAR WASHES: A CASE STUDY OF SOME CAR WASHES IN THE SHKOZA AREA, TIRANA ERISELD VELI

72 ASSESSMENT OF THE TOURIST AND CULTURAL POTENTIAL IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF SARANDA AND THE FUTURE FOR A PERIOD OF 10 YEARS. FRANÇESKA KORANÇE 74 DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVE METHODOLOGIES SUSTAINABILITY CASE STUDY RIVER ‘VJOSA’

TO

MEASURE

RIVER

GEJSI SHIMA 76 ASSESSMENT OF THE EROSION PHENOMENON IN THE BOVILA WATER BASIN WITH THE RUSLE AND GIS METHOD ISMAIL BROLI 78 POST-EARTHQUAKE SITUATION ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OF INERT WASTE OF EARTHQUAKE DAMAGED OBJECTS FROM NOVEMBER 26, 2019 IN GOLEM ZONE, MUNICIPALITY JONIDA BITURKU 80 POLLUTION OF AGRICULTURAL LAND FROM HEAVY METALS SIDE THE ROADS (KASHAR-RINAS SEGMENT). ASSESSMENT OF PHITOREMEDING POTENTIAL THROUGH HERBS PLANT (PLANTAGO LANCEOLATA) LILJANA PALOKA 82 URBAN WASTE MANAGEMENT. CASE STUDY TOURIST AREA OF DAJIT, TIRANA. XHULIO AGOLLI 84 STUDY ON THE PRESENCE OF PHOSPHATES, NITRATES AND PESTICIDES IN DRAINING AGRICULTURAL WATERS, DEVOLL 51

STUDY ON SUSTAINABLE FOREST / PASTURE MANAGEMENT AND BIODIVERSITY MAINTENANCE IN PETRELA TIRANA Student: Supervisor:

Alda KROSI

Prof. Dr. TAULANT BINO

Abstract: The study area is the economic part of the forest economy Krrabë-Gurrë, which is included in the Administrative Unit Petrelë. In 2016, the Albanian Government in the framework of delegating competencies from the central government to 61 municipalities, decided that among the delegated competencies to delegate the management of forests and pastures to the municipalities. Today almost 80% of forests and pastures are managed by 61 municipalities. Currently, the Municipality of Tirana through DFS (Directorate of Forest Service) Tirana today DAPK (Directorate of Forests and Pastures Administration) at the Parks and Recreation Agency manages about 36,000 ha of forests and pastures, where part of it are the forests that are included in the economic part take in the study.

The current situation shows that most of the forest economy breeding plans have expired, because the validity period of 10 years has passed and this has created a lot of difficulties in the work of the forest staff of the municipalities.

The importance of this study lies in the identification and rational evaluation of natural forest and pasture resources, through the introduction of new concepts of area management. The lack of a breeding plan makes it necessary to draft a study for a new forest management plan in this Administrative Unit.

The main objective of the study is the assessment of biodiversity and sustainable management of natural forest and pasture resources, in the economic part of the forest economy Krrabë-Gurrë, part of the Administrative Unit Petrelë, Municipality of Tirana.

Keywords: forest management planning, Environmental protection, vegetationand biodiversity, forests, biological diversity.

Bibliography: ACER, 2001. Illegal logging independent study. Albanian Center for Economic Research. Tirana.

APFDP, 1998. Silvo-pastoral management systems in Shëngjergji village Tirana district. Albania Private Forestry Development Program, USAID. Tirana.

Bezzi, A. 1999. Pasture management. Technical assistance for the Forestry Project. FAO, Tirana.

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POLLUTION ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FROM THE OIL INDUSTRY IN THE PATHOS AREA Student: Supervisor:

Amadeo HASKOÇELAJ Prof. Dr. GJERGJI IKONOMI

Abstract: Despite its small area, Albania is rich in diverse natural energy resources. This is confirmed by the geological construction of the country, its geographical position, different relief, as well as the presence of a number of hydro systems, the interactive processes of which guarantee a variety of raw materials, capable of being converted into sources for energy generation.

Indiscriminate use and timing of use of these energy resources has created environmental problems not only in industrial areas but also in other areas away from them.

This is especially pronounced in areas where the oil industry operates. The intensity of exploitation of oil fields in our country, includes a time span of over 70 years, has created an environmental impact throughout the territory where this industry operates.

In this aspect, this paper makes an assessment of environmental pollution created by the oil industry, the performance over the years of the main pollution parameters, respectively in air, water and soil. On this basis, the identification and assessment of pollution has been done mainly in the water discharges of this industry.

A focus of this paper is the alternatives and modern methods on prevention, minimization and treatment of waste generated by the oil industry, in order to reuse and recycle them as an element of clean production, such as: recycling of crude oil waste , which occupy significant land areas as well as a range of biological methods. The application of these methods is not only an economic interest, but also as an obligation arising from the directives of EU countries.

This paper takes into account the flow of water discharges and oil-contaminated luminaires, deposited for years and years on the surface of the earth, near oil wells, based on an extensive literature, provides some alternatives for the treatment and minimization of these pollutions, presenting at the same time positive examples, which have begun to be implemented in our country.

Keywords: pollution, oil well, plant, product processing, Patos.

Bibliography: ACER, 2001. Illegal logging independent study. Albanian Center for Economic Research. Tirana.

APFDP, 1998. Silvo-pastoral management systems in Shëngjergji village Tirana district. Albania Private Forestry Development Program, USAID. Tirana.

Bezzi, A. 1999. Pasture management. Technical assistance for the Forestry Project. FAO, Tirana.

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Pus nafte në vendburimin Patos-Marinëz

Parku i rezervuarve né impiantin e dekantimit Sheqishté

Pusi në vendburimin Ballsh

Impianti dhe separatori i dekantimit Visokë

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URBANIZATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT IN THE TIRANA LAKE PARK AREA FOR THE PERIOD 1992-2018 Student: Supervisor:

Ardit LOSHA

Dr. ENKELEJDA KUCAJ

Abstract: This study presents information on Tirana Lake Park (PLT), which has been described as a highquality space considering the space it ows and as the only environment in the capital of Tirana (TR) used by residents for recreation. as well as other positive benefits that only this area orphans. The nature of the lake itself presents a picture of diversity and this diversity has turned it into a highly coveted area.

Today we see many actions that directly threaten PLT and the phenomenon encountered is urbanization. Urbanization is a phenomenon that has had a development with galloping steps in the capital and the park is no exception to this phenomenon.

Analyzing the situation that the PLT is in, there is an urgent need to stop this phenomenon, with emergency and long-term interventions and plans. Since this Park is considered as the “lung of Tirana”, it needs attention from the Local government but not only in order to preserve, improve and have a sustainable development, especially in the implementation of measures against the continuous weakening of lake.

Urbanization is a process that has begun and we cannot stop it definitively. Although he has not yet reached the conclusion his consequences have begun to be felt whether they are positive or negative. Urbanization wherever it has taken place has left its mark on every area of life. Therefore, in this study I have tried to give a detailed information to be more informed about the data and values, the changes he has undergone and to analyze the risks that threaten PLT.

Keywords: urban planning, national park, flora, fauna, urbanization.

Bibliography: Ministria e Mjedisit, Pyjeve dhe Administrimit të Ujërave. Strategjia Kombëtare e Mjedisit (2006) Susaj, E. (2016). Vlerësimi i Ndikimit në Mjedis (VNM). Cikël leksionesh. Universiteti Polis, 318 p.

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Infrastruktura e PLT,2019, Burimi: Google Earth

Pellgjet ujëmbledhëse të ujrave sipërfaqësor, Burimi:ASIG

Harta e derdhjes së ujrave të zeza në LAT, Burimi: AKM

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IDENTIFICATION AND POTENTIAL IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT FROM ENVIRONMENTAL PERMITS ISSUED DURING THE PERIOD 2013-2019 FOR SHKODRA REGION Student: Supervisor:

Ardita DRAÇINI Dr. ERINDA MISHO

Abstract: The study that will be carried out, is related to the Environmental Permits of type A, B and C in the region of Shkodra. In the law of 2011, amended by law no. 52 of 2020, appendix no. 1 of this law describes various activities which must be provided with an environmental permit. These different entities that have an impact on the environment are provided with different environmental permits. The amended law eliminated type C of environmental permits and currently we only have type A and B permits.

This topic has not been conducted before and for this reason the data on this topic are unprocessed and for the first time, is realized a statistic of this kind for the Republic of Albania. To realize this diploma topic, we relied on the data we have in the registers for environmental permits as well as on the results given by the National Environmental Agency, self-monitoring reports.

This topic has the objective to identify entities that have an impact on the environment, or can cause irreparable damage to the environment and the purpose of the study is to assess the environmental situation in Shkodra region. This assessment will be based on the environmental impact of activities that are equipped with type A, B environmental permits which have been issued by the Ministry of Environment.

Taking this data, we will make a database of permits obtained during the years 2013 to 2019. Data for 2020 are halved after the new law came into force in July 2020. Considering that in 2015 there was a new territorial division and new ones were created, in the region of Shkodra there was no change in the administrative boundaries.

The results show which entities have a high impact on the environment, which environmental permits have the greatest impact on the environment, despite the annex to the 2011 law.

The recommendations are specific but also general, as we have taken all the subjects as a whole, not separately.

Keywords: Environmental permit, statistic,irreparable damage.

law,

data,

Bibliography: AKM. “Lista totale e aplikimeve te shqyrtuara nga KSHK per Leje Mjedisore nga AKM për periudhën 15 Mars 2013- 24 Korrik 2019”. akm.gov.al

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ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AT ARCHEOLOGICAL SITES: CASE STUDY BUTRINTI Student: Supervisor:

Arsid PAMBUKU Dr. ARTAN KACANI

Abstract: Butrint is a historical – cultural heritage site like few others in the region, a national park with special ecological values and a strong turistic attraction in the country. Historians and other researchers think that the city as been dwelt since VIII century BC. Furthermore, Butrint, although a small town throughout the history, it’s mentioned by Virgil, considered by many as Rome’s greatest author, in Aeneid, his most famous epic poem.

Today, this ancient city is facing strong environmental managment related challenges. One of them being the water management issue, which at the same time is our object of research. Also, in the present day, there is water to be found inside ancient ruins, thorughout almost all the year. These waters are potentially saline waters, considering that both Lake of Butrint and Vivari Channel communicate with the sea, and often trophic, due to the small animals living inside the ancient buildings and tree parts falling on the water surface. Such pressure has the potential to damage the building structurally and it has sforced the park managers to take quick actions such as structural reinforcement or the covering of mozaics with the intention to help conserve their colors and textures.

In an attempt to understand the dynamics and relations af all waters in the Lake – city – Vivari Channel system, several water analysis are done, including water inside the ancient objects (4 smaples) and the water of the lake (1 sample), in order to arrive in conclusions regarding water quality, its origin and its damaging capabilities in regards to the archeological buildings materials. Being aware of the importance of the problem and urgency that shuld be addressed with, we are recommending a drainage system covering all the city of Butrint, with as little of impact as possible in the sorrounding landscape and in the values it contains.

Keywords: Buutrint, ancient, water, lake, eutrophy, mozaic, drainage.

Bibliography: Bego, F., Memaj, F., Sulejman, S., Vangjeli, J., Peja, N., & Zotaj, A. (2010). Butrint MP_English version_September_2010.

Carlson, R. E. (1977). A trophic state index for lakes 1. Limnology and Oceanography, 22(2), 361– 369.

Eriksson, E. (1985). Principles and applications of hydrochemistry (Vol. 187). Springer.

Fairbridge,R.W.(1998).Water: water categories Categories BT - Encyclopedia of Hydrology and Lakes (pp. 687–688). Springer Netherlands.

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BIOMASS ASSESSMENT IN TIRANA, VLORA AND KORÇA REGIONS

Student: Supervisor:

Blerim BALLA

Prof. Dr. GJERGJI KONOMI

Abstract: Energy is one of the main problems of humanity in the XXI century. Science, and experimental research, are looking every day for different alternatives to overcome this major problem in different sectors of energy production, use and distribution. The energy sector in Albania is one of the most important, accounting for about 10% of the country’s GDP and employing about 17,000 Workers. Electricity in Albania is mainly produced by hydropower plants, using about 35% of the hydro potential and producing about 5.4 million MWh per year. Renewable energy sources in Albania are numerous, such as: hydropower, solar energy, wind energy, biomass energy and geothermal energy, but their use and recognition is still at low levels of implementation.

The renewable energy strategy, strongly oriented towards biomass for European Union countries, is related to large land areas available for alternative uses. Albania has a relatively low population density compared to other Mediterranean countries. Increasing yields and modernizing agriculture, leads to the prospect of increasing the area of land available for alternative uses, despite population growth.

Annual increases in forest biomass in oil equivalent equivalent are average per unit area and range from 3600 to 57000 tons of oil equivalent. There is a significant increase in energy in Cologne (42000 tons of oil equivalent) while their use is currently low.

Referring to the data obtained from the study, we can say that 44% of the total energy consumed can be replaced by biomass renewable energy, significantly contributing to the reduction of atmospheric carbon or increasing electricity consumption per capita, from 1.88 MWh to 2.73 MWh / inhabitant / year.

Only the theoretical potential of biomass has been taken into account in this study, as the construction of plants has a high cost and it is theoretically possible to build from state capital, European Union funds, World Bank or various NGOs, with significant capital.

Keywords: biomass, renewable energy, generation, economic potential, natural resources

Bibliography: Nicks B. & Bienfait J.M. Bioclimatologie, Hygiene et logement des animaux domestiques, 1985 J.M.Sanchez. Preliminary results. Biomass and bioenergy 27:183-194, 2004.

S. Sulçe Ndotja e Tokës dhe Ujit, Tekst mësimor për studentët e Mjedisit, Tiranë 2005, 400pp

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ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF SITUATION IN THE PARK AND LAKE PRESPA AND PROPOSAL OF MEASURES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Student: Supervisor:

Daniela MUÇO Dr. ERIONA CANGA

Abstract: The biodiversity of the National Park is still threatened by the severe deterioration of terrestrial ecosystems by overgrazing, illegal hunting and deforestation for firewood, which come as a result of human activity. This has always been accompanied by mismanagement of fishery resources by losing traditional fishing techniques by introducing fish species, introducing inappropriate occasions, overfishing with inappropriate fishing methods. The Prespa National Park in Albania was inaugurated by the President of Albania on February 2, 2000, while it was officially announced in the Official Gazette in 1999.

From the experience of the Prespa National Park and its administration we would say that the condition of the forests and pastures of this park has been partially improved, having its ups and downs.

The need of the park residents for firewood to heat is basic, but no improvement has been made to stop the abuse by wood traders. The issue of resolving the supply of firewood to park residents to provide heating and cooking needs should be in the focus of managers. The higher the reputation and opportunities of the National Park, the more visitors it will attract to visit. This is welcome, but some restrictions should be put in place to maintain sustainability and measures should be taken not to jeopardize biodiversity as the most important part of the area’s capital.

In this diploma thesis, Prespa Park is described as a very popular tourist attraction by local and foreign tourists. Also around the park administration it offers opportunities for outdoor experiences for visitors through a carefully prepared program for all visitors.

Visitor centers have been opened that will inform interested persons to get to know the national park, and how it can be explored in this beauty of mother nature. Recently, a plan has been drafted for boating and navigation with landing platforms at various points of natural or cultural interest, information boards have been set up and road infrastructure has been adjusted.

Keywords: national park, biodiversity, natural and cultural interest, mismanagement, management plan, visitors etc

Bibliography: Shumka, S.; Paparisto, A.; & Grzhdani S. (2008): Identification of non-native freshëater fishes in Albania and assessment of their potential threats to the national biological freshëater diversity. Balëois Conference, 21. May 2008 Ohrid, Republic of Macedonia Papapavlou, K., Maragou, P. (2004).

Biodiversity assessment of the Prespa region, Greece.

Transboundary Prespa Park Project. Technical report.

30 pp.

Hoda P., Mullaj A, Mersinllari M., (1997): Konspekt i sintaksonëve (potenciale) të Shqipërise.

Raport në Darëin initiative project (Concepts of syntaxonomy of Albania, Report of Darëin initiative project), United Kingdom, f, 28, English

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Pikat e monitorimit në Liqenin e Prespës, lokaliteti Zorshkë (Burimi Google Earth

Pikat e monitorimit në Liqenin e Prespës, lokaliteti Zorshkë (Burimi Google Earth)

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STUDY ON THE USE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES WIND ENERGY AND ITS POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS IN ALBANIA Student: Supervisor:

Dionisa SINJARI

Prof.Dr. GJERGJI KONOMI

Abstract: The world is facing an energy and climate crisis. Generating capacity for backup electricity is at an all-time low. Meeting energy needs over the coming decades will be a major challenge. For a region that currently imports 56% of energy, and continues to reach 70% over the next 20-30 years, the challenge is even greater. Our fossil oil resources are rapidly depleting, oil prices are rising and the environment is suffering as a result of our current way of supplying energy.

Europe needs to reconsider the opportunity offered by a huge gain in generating capacity that will occur in the coming decades by ensuring a completely clean domestic energy supply based on renewable energy, the only resources that will be sufficient in the near future. Combined with more efficient and ambitious measures related to energy, heat and renewable biofuels, it is the only way for Europe to turn turbulent energy and the climate crisis into an opportunity for the benefit of its citizens.

The era of the use of fuels and non-renewables seems to be coming to an end, not only because of the

depletion of natural reserves of fossil fuels but also because of the great environmental concerns that are being caused to the land.

For the reasons mentioned above, this thesis focuses on the concrete terms that change brings towards a highly renewable and wind energy.

Introduces new action plans for wind energy by 2040, examining the effects they will have on electricity, the greenhouse gas emission effect and the EU economy.

Assessing the potential impacts, Europe can make informed decisions and look to the future without fear, confident of real advantages by considering the possibility that renewable energy today will bring benefits tomorrow.

Keywords: energy and climate crisis, fossil oil resources, renewable energy, wind energy, environmental impacts.

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Vendosja e turbinave

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DIGITALIZATION OF WATER POLLUTION AND THE IMPACT OF ANTHROPOGENIC ACTIVITY IN RIVERS LANA , TIRANA AND ISHËM Student: Supervisor:

Dolores BUJKU

Dr. ENKELEJDA KUCAJ

Abstract: River waters have been and are currently under the influence of various polluting factors, so it is necessary to enable continuous monitoring to check whether these waters are still suitable for various uses.

In recent years, the free and uncontrolled movement of the population has caused overcrowding of cities and suburban areas, increasing the number of productive activities in the field of industry and agriculture, which have significantly affected the growth of environmental pollutants. in particular in the increase of the level of pollution in the river waters as a consequence of the increase of the discharges of untreated urban, industrial and agricultural waters. In the GIS program, the IDW method was used to construct the distribution maps of environmental parameters, a geostatistical method. IDW or differently weighted interpolation in relation to distance is a method which assumes that the variable being compiled decreases in impact with the distance from its sampled location. The data created by AKM for the period 2012-2020, were used to build maps of distribution of pollutant parameters in the respective stations of the rivers Lana Tirana Ishëm by processing and interpolating them in average values. The presented temperature values​​ graphically demonstrate variability for all years under study. The lowest average value is 10.15 ° C and the highest average value is 20.55 ° C. Comparison of the performance of water temperatures in the three rivers leads to the conclusion that these temperatures fluctuate significantly at 5-7 ° C. Low nitrate values at Ishëm stations we think they are due to the selfcleaning ability of the waters. Compared to the limits of the EU Directive (CEE / CEEA / CE 78/659: BMZ, 1995;) The waters of the Ishm basin have a nitrate content that exceeds the recommended levels. For all stations P_PO4 concentrations are higher than the limit of 0.2 mg / L of the EU Directive for salmonid waters and 0.4 mg / L for cyprinid waters. Very low phosphate values were ​​ measured in st-TI station water 0.02 mg / I and st-T2 0.098 mg / 1. Increasing the

phosphate concentration above the required biomass production values ​​poses a risk, promoting the flowering of planktonic algae and the transition of water to a eutrophic to dystrophic state. The main sources of phosphates in natural waters are detergents and phosphate fertilizers. High total values ​​by classifying pond waters as of very poor quality. The predominant water pollutant is that of P_total, which determines that Ishëm waters are waters with high impact of phosphates with a maximum average value for 2012 2,457 mg / I, which in 2020 reaches the value of 1,956 mg / I with a ranking Ptotal> P_ PO43-> NO2-> NO3-

Keywords: physico-chemical parameters, anthropogenic pollution, gis assessment, rivers, pollution monitoring

Bibliography: Chapman, D., 1992. Water Quality Assessments A Guide to Use of Biota,Sediments and Water in Environmental Monitoring Çullaj, (2005): Kimia e Mjedisit, FShN, UT, Prof.

Alqi Çullaj 2005.

Miho A., Cullaj A., Hasko A., Lazo P., Kupe L., Brandl H., Schanz F., Baraj B. (2005). Environmental State of some rivers of Albanian Adriatic Lowland.

Evaluation report: 9-246

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IDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF CAR WASHES: A CASE STUDY OF SOME CAR WASHES IN THE SHKOZA AREA, TIRANA Student: Supervisor:

Dritan ZENELI

Prof. Assoc. Dr. ELIZABETA SUSAJ

Abstract: Car washing is one of the main polluters of surface and groundwater in Albania, in the region and beyond. Discharge of wastewater, contaminated with various chemical compounds, is the main problem affecting water quality. The change in water quality occurs as a result of mixing detergents, dust particles (PM10, PM2.5) and oils with vehicle wash water. The flow of water used by the washers, inevitably, must be discharged somewhere, usually in the drainage channels of the used urban waters in their vicinity, which, depending on the location, ends up in the groundwater untreated or, in most cases well, in urban water treatment plants, directly or indirectly affecting the drinking water of humans and animals, as well as in agricultural products, when these waters are used for irrigation of plants. It is very necessary that the vehicles be washed and kept clean, but in an environmentally friendly way.

Problems caused by car washing range from city water loss, to the use of harmful chemicals, infiltration and pollution of groundwater and soil (lawns), problems for which detergents are partly responsible. In Albania, car washes are provided with a type B environmental permit, which includes obligations for the treatment of water used for washing, however, the conditions of the environmental permit are not always respected. The study was conducted during the period 2018-2019 in order to assess the environmental impact of car washes in the area of Shkoza, Tirana. The most important environmental impacts identified are the use of significant amounts of water and detergents, washing solutions, etc., which directly affect the pollution of surface running water, as long as the used water is discharged into the white water sewers or join the polluted waters of the city.

From the interview of 50 randomly selected citizens it resulted that about 35% of them have no knowledge on the environmental impact of wastewater from washing vehicles. To minimize the environmental impact of car washing wastewater it is

recommended: 1) treatment, recycling and reuse of wastewater after treatment, as an efficient method for conservation of surface water and groundwater resources, 2) improving technology and monitoring of pollutant levels, setting standards for wastewater from washing vehicles before discharge to surface water bodies, 3) use of bioindicators as a good option for water quality assessment, 4) awareness of citizens about the environmental impacts of car washes and sensitization of institutions for monitoring surface water pollution from discharge of polluted water from vehicle washing, etc.

Keywords: car wash, environment, impact, pollution, sensitization, vehicles, wastewater.

Bibliography: Boluarte, I. A. R., Andersen, M., Pramanik, B. K., Chang, C. Y., Bagshaw, S., Farago, L., Shu, L. (2016).

Reuse of car wash wastewater by chemical coagulation and membrane bioreactor treatment processes.

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 113, 44–48.

Sato, T., Qadir, M., Yamamoto, S., Endo, T., & Zahoor, A. (2013). Global, regional, and country level need for data on wastewater generation, treatment, and use. Agricultural Water Management, 130, 1–13.

Kucaj, E. (2016). “Vlerësimi i shkallës së ndotjes së lumenjëve Lanë e Tiranë dhe roli i bimëve Phragmites australis në absorbimin e metaleve të rënda”. Disertacion. Universiteti Bujqësor i Tiranës Fakulteti i Bujqësisë dhe Mjedisit. Departamenti i Agromjedisit dhe Ekologjisë. Faqe 11-12, 102-104.

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Integrimi i katër shtyllave strategjike për menaxhimin e ujit (MBZhRAU, 2017, f. 60)

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ASSESSMENT OF THE TOURIST AND CULTURAL POTENTIAL IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF SARANDA AND THE FUTURE FOR A PERIOD OF 10 YEARS. Student: Supervisor:

Eriseld VELI

Prof. Dr SHERIF LUSHAJ

Abstract: The first chapter deals with why the Municipality of Saranda and in particular the city is a tourist destination which is the natural and cultural potential that makes Saranda a tourist destination and what are the tourist products offered by Saranda (maritime tourism, cuisine, adventure tourism, natural resources , natural monuments) The second chapter deals with the dynamics of tourists over the years based on the statistics of the Ministry of Tourism, the Saranda Tourist Service Office and the port office of Saranda Port.

The third chapter deals with the problems of tourism in the future in relation to the environment.

What does Saranda offer for foreign and domestic tourists? Also based on statistics a forecast is made for the next 10 years on the tourism potential and the effects on the environment. The types of tourism that take place in Saranda are presented, but also the types of tourism that can be developed in the future and add tourist values and create extensions of the tourist season.

From this paper I aim to achieve the following objectives: - Assessment of the natural and cultural potential of the Municipality of Saranda.

- Engage all actors in decision-making for tourism development for the next 10 years by promoting it as a tourist destination.

The methodology used in the realization of this paper is based on the use of methods of analysis, research, observation method and comparison.

Data and information are provided by the Ministry of Tourism, Saranda Port Office, Saranda Tourist Information Office, etc.

At the end of the study, the conclusion is reached on the development of the tourism sector in Saranda, the extension of the tourist season, the promotion of new tourist products and the creation of tourist itineraries. Forecast the development of the tourism sector in the next 10 years and the effects on

the environment as a result of the development of this sector. Recommendations and measures not to misuse natural resources. Recommendations and proposals are also given for sustainable tourism development and turning it into the main industry where the economy is based in this city.

Keywords: Tourism, environment, Saranda, potential, heritage, destination, economy

Bibliography: UNEP - United Nations Environment Programe (assessed 25/3/2021). Mediterranean strategy for sustainable development 2016-2025.

UNESCO - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (assessed 04/04/2021) Butrint Heritage Site.

WTTC – World Travel & Tourism Council (assessed 06/04/2021) The future of travel & tourism in the wake of COVID-19.

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Pylli i Butrintit dhe liqeni i Butrintit

Teatri i shek IV para Krishtit, Parku arekologjik i Butrintit. Burimi: UNESCO

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DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVE METHODOLOGIES TO MEASURE RIVER SUSTAINABILITY CASE STUDY RIVER ‘VJOSA’ Student: Supervisor:

Françeska KORANÇE Prof. Dr. SHERIF LUSHAJ

Abstract: Sustainable river development requires the management of a series of overlapping closely related systems, which vary in time (day, month, year), in space (rivers often cross city or state borders), in context global (phenomena such as climate change or the integration of European laws, conventions and regulations in country context like Albania) and the broad horizontal impact (environmental, social, economic impact). The overlapping of all these systems with the set of elements that characterize cach of them in a management plan for the long-term sustainable development of a river, especially in the case of Albania has been developed only in partially fulfilled till today.

The Vjosa River has been the subject of considerable controversy in recent years, due to the many risks of building many HPPS, numerous domestic and foreign initiatives have taken place to turn it into a national park status, in order to protect it from such constant threats.

This study aimed to measure the sustainability of the Vjosa River, through the development of a methodology which simultaneously assessed the three main dimensions of sustainability, economic, environmental and social aspects. In terms of subgroups, the environmental indicator included maximum annual inflows, maximum perennial inflows, maximum flood discharge capacity, surface water and groundwater quality, sediment load and transport, number of flora and fauna species, the number of fish species, the number endangered species, and land use along the river. On the other hand, the social indicator included floods, with data such as days of floods, flooded area, water use, with a special emphasis on water use for agriculture, the percentage of treated wastewater, as well as indicators of public health, such as the number of people exposed to water pollution incidents and related fatalities and the number of deaths due to floods. Finally, the economic indicator, which broadly included some sub-indicators, such as

changes in population and number by region, GDP by region as well as GDP per capita, active enterprises by respective municipalities and economic activity, unemployment rate by county, energy consumption per capita and, most recently, laws which promote the conservation, regeneration, conservation or development of the water basin.

The study managed to measure the sustainability of the Vjosa River, over the period 1970-2020. Based on the findings, some of the key and urgent needs for regeneration were also presented, in the context of the need to develop a plan for the sustainable development of the Vjosa River in the future and the restoration of hotspots identified throughout the study. The identification of hotspots, as well as the identification of segments that need restoration / regeneration, were mapped in the GIS system, and format, to be as accessible and as visually as possible.

Keywords: sustainable development, impact, rivers, Vjosa, environment, socio-economy, legislation.

Bibliography: Becker, J., (2005). Measuring progress towards sustainable development: An ecological framework for selecting indicators. Local Environment.

10(1): fq. 87-101.

Kates, R.W., Parris, T.M., and Leiserowitz, A.A., (2005). What is sustainable development? G o a l s , indicators, values, and practice. Environment. 47(3): fq. 8-21.

Marín M.M. and Riesgo L., (2016). Measuring the Sustainability of Water Plans in InterRegional Spanish River Basins. Water 2016, 8, 342; DOI:10.3390/w8080342.

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ASSESSMENT OF THE EROSION PHENOMENON IN THE BOVILA WATER BASIN WITH THE RUSLE AND GIS METHOD Student: Supervisor:

Gejsi SHIMA

Dr. ENKELEJDA KUCAJ

Abstract: Soil erosion is a serious threat to development and cultivation in many parts of the world. In most of the ponds the collected waters come to us with very high erosion in the rainy season (here in the rainy season) together they violate the activity of agricultural activity on steep slopes are hypothesized as the main writings of soil erosion and soil degradation. Finally, the specific factors and processes that cause soil erosion are not well understood. Thus, the accumulated water basin in Bovilla was awakened as a case study for this thesis: (1) to investigate the main controlling factors that interact to generate high rates of soil erosion and (2) to assess the risk of space erosion. and sediment yield under climate change and land use applying a new method to a GIS. Erosion, stripping of vegetation due to cuttings and torrential rains have encouraged and strengthened the erosion hotspots as well as the erosion of the slopes and the slips of specialism during the winter. Gross soil erosion in each water cell was collected and estimated using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) fully following its various GIS model parameters and methods.

Based on the A value calculated for the waters collected in Bovilla, the entire gross soil loss classification into 5 classes, ranging from non-eroded (very low) to highly eroded (very recent) areas. From the results of spatial analyzes between control factors and soil erosion, bare soil, soil with field crops, and large steep slope and connections to extreme soil erosion.

The results obtained from the scenario sensitivity analysis identify synergistic effects on the risk of soil erosion not being bare, soil erosion, and precipitation erosion increasing simultaneously in the future.

Keywords: sediment accumulation, erosion, Erzen river, coir logs, area vegetation Bibliography: Bockheim, J. G. (2001). Proposal to Study the Economic and Environmental Benefits of Reducing Soil Erosion in Albania. Report for the Land Markets in Albania Project, Terra Institute, Ltd. Wisconsin.

Greene, R., Devillers R., Luther, J.E. Eddy, B.G.(2011).

GIS-based multiple-criteria decision analysis. Geography Compass 5, 412-432.

DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-8198.2011.00431.x.

McCool, D.K., Yoder, D.C. (1997). Predicting soil erosion by water: A guide to conservation planning with the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) (p. 703). USDA Agricultural Handbook.

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POST-EARTHQUAKE SITUATION ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OF INERT WASTE OF EARTHQUAKE DAMAGED OBJECTS FROM NOVEMBER 26, 2019 IN GOLEM ZONE, MUNICIPALITY Student: Supervisor:

Ismail BROLI

Dr. ERIONA CANGA

Abstract: Golem Administrative Unit is located in the northern part of Kavaja municipality. It is composed of 10 villages which are Golem, Golemas, Kryemdhenj, Tilaj, Seferaj, Qerret, Karpen, Karpen i ri, Zikxhafaj and Kanaparaj. Njv.Golem has an area of ​​53,000 ha or 53 km2. The terrain of this administrative unit is diverse where in its Eastern and Northern part we have mainly hilly relief while in the Southern and Western part since it coincides with the coastal area, we have mainly plain relief. The Golem area is well connected with intercity category roads through the Plepa-Rrogozhine superstar. The first settlements in this area are hundreds of years old, thus proving its not too early population.

The aim of the study is to treat the Golem area as a case study in order to identify the environmental consequences of earthquakes in buildings and to propose reference models regarding inert waste management for environmental protection, civic awareness of the area community and the circulating economy.

Among other things, this project records the number of damaged families and buildings from the November 2019 earthquake, reflects the postearthquake situation in terms of environmental management of inert waste. The main focus of the analysis is on the number of damaged facilities and the calculation of the amount of solid waste resulting from the reconstruction or reconstruction interventions of these facilities and the suggestion of environmental alternatives for recycling and reuse of inert waste in sync with economic models. .

Keywords: reconstruction, earthquake, environmental management of inert waste.

Bibliography: Asari, M., Sakai, S. I., Yoshioka, T., Tojo, Y., Tasaki, T., Takigami, H., & Watanabe, K. (2013).

Strategy for separation and treatment of disaster waste: a manual for earthquake and tsunami disaster waste management in Japan. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 15(3), 290-299.

Asari, M., Sakai, S. I., Yoshioka, T., Tojo, Y., Tasaki, T., Takigami, H., & Watanabe, K. (2013).

Strategy for separation and treatment of disaster waste: a manual for earthquake and tsunami disaster waste management in Japan. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 15(3), 290-299.

Berkes, F. (2007) Understanding uncertainty and reducing vulnerability: Lessons from resilience thinking, Natural Hazards, 41, pp. 283–295.

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POLLUTION OF AGRICULTURAL LAND FROM HEAVY METALS SIDE THE ROADS (KASHAR-RINAS SEGMENT). ASSESSMENT OF PHITOREMEDING POTENTIAL THROUGH HERBS PLANT (PLANTAGO LANCEOLATA) Student: Supervisor:

Jonida BITURKU Dr. ENKELEJDA KUCAJ

Abstract: Pollution generated by vehicle movement and new emissions can cause significant environmental pollution due to traffic on urban and intercity roads.

Upon discharge, harmful gases spread into the environment along with heavy elements, which are mainly metals and some metalloids, and these elements accumulate in the soil and can cause irreversible damage.

In many cities around the world, transportation systems continue to focus on travel by private vehicles, to the detriment of public transport use. This trend makes it increasingly difficult to improve the public transport system effectively. The main objective of the present study was to examine the populations of P. lanceolata from a number of metal contaminated sites in the Kashar-Rinas segment in order to assess the ability of this species to adapt to different soil toxins.

In this study 6 soil samples and 6 plant samples (Plantago Lanceolata L) were collected along the road segment in Kashar-Rinas. They are named with indices S1, S2, S3, S4, S5 and S6 for soil samples starting from the intersection of Vora-Kashar road to the airport.

While the naming of plants starts with P1, P2, P3, P4, P6 and P6 The same direction as with the soil. During this study it became possible to identify the problems caused by road traffic in the segment that starts from the neck of Kashar to Mother Teresa Airport, Tirana.

The length of the segment taken in the study is 6.8 km from Qafa e Kashar to Mother Teresa Airport.

Concentrations of heavy metals in soil samples Pb, Cu, Cd and Zn determined by the AAS type absorber present high values compared to the levels allowed by FAO and WHO. The soil texture turned out to be with a higher percentage of silt with an average composition of 56.32% silt, 14.44% sand and 29.24% clay. In all plant samples collected, iron concentration was recorded ranging from 218.7 to 636.4 mg / kg. In the treated plant samples the copper concentration was at high values. The concentration of Cu metal in plants ranged from 3.9 to 48.5 mg / kg. These concentration

levels are outside the average Cu content in dried plant material, which is reported to be 0.2 mg / kg by WHO (1996). Dynamic monitoring and assessment of heavy metal soils along the roadside in the study area is important for the health security of the terrestrial and plant ecosystem for sustainable development.

Keywords: heavy metals, accumulation, phytoremediation, soil, plantago lanceolata Bibliography: Adachi, K., Tainosho, Y., 2004. Characterization of heavy metal particles embedded in tiredust. Environ.

Int. 30 (8), 1009–1017.

Hakanson, L., 1980. An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control. A sedimentological approach. Water Res. 14 (8), 975–1001.

Wagh, G.S., Chavhan, D.M. and Sayyed, M.G. (2013). Physicochemical analysis of soils from Eastern Part of Pune city. Universal Journal of Environmental Research and Technology 3(1): 93-99.

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URBAN WASTE MANAGEMENT. CASE STUDY TOURIST AREA OF DAJIT, TIRANA. Student: Supervisor:

Liliana PALOKA Dr. ENKELEJDA KUCAJ

Abstract: Trying to challenge food waste and improve food for plants have been the hottest topics. Food waste produces pits in every sector of the food system. We distribute no more than 1.3 billion tons of food each year and over a third of the food can be distributed. If up to a third of our dishes can fill landfills, approximately 14 percent of the U.S. population and 13 percent of the global population have unsafe food. Food diet and food security, food waste have an ecological damage with negative impact on water, land use, biodiversity and climate.

The world has now reached a point where air and water quality must be abandoned, the right level must be balanced, and the amount and waste generated must be reduced. Consumption is useful that is used and used for their products in response to the basic needs and behaviors of a better standard of living using minimal use of natural resources and toxic materials as well as waste emissions and long life cycle numbers. service or product for dangerous needs and future generations.

If administered with care, waste can become part of the problem in addressing food insecurity by cultivating food plants and feeding foods with nutritional value to those who are malnourished. It is therefore necessary to address and address the problem in addition to this so great but easy challenge of resolving food waste from the landfill of other urban waste.

To meet this challenge of staying on food in businesses, a proposal to study some restorations in the Dajti area, as a tourist area, to measure food waste, the amount that can be produced for a recent period and use this evidence in finding the seeker. As it is necessary that if not measured, it can not be managed effectively. Our food waste measurements in the restoration of different types of food waste generated by the consumer such as the amount of fruits and vegetables with nutritional and nutritional values that can be compensated. Then apply the finding to design

and implement a food waste intervention caused by the implementation of the 4R waste hierarchy — reduction, reuse, recycling, and rethinking.

Another case is the merceological separation and food waste that apply different types and levels of compost to health and nutrients. Use has been made of the humus it creates in vegetables and comparison with vegetables for others without humus can be another doomed finding. From the report to use it says that: plants with composting additives of food waste not only look more, those that surpass others in food, minerals and chemicals.

Keywords: food waste, air and water quality, consumption, cultivating, measurements, 4R.

Bibliography: Achankeng, E. (2003). Globalization, Urbanisation and Municipal Solid Waste Management in Africa. African Studies Association of Australia and the Pacific. Conference Proceedings- Africa on a Global Stage Hazra, T and Goel, M (2009). Municipal solid waste management in Indian cities. A review. Journal of Waste Management 28, 459–467.

Colum Gibson (2010). Overview of the STOPFoodWaste Programme, , Clean Technology Centre, CIT, Cork, stopfoodwaste.ie, April 2010.

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STUDY ON THE PRESENCE OF PHOSPHATES, NITRATES AND PESTICIDES IN DRAINING AGRICULTURAL WATERS, DEVOLL Student: Supervisor:

Xhulio AGOLLI Dr. ERIONA CANGA

Abstract: This dissertation work is completed to fullfill the Master Degree in Environmental and Urban Management at Polis University. The disertation work is based in theoretical and practical research: literature review, data collection in the field, chemical analysis of agricultural waters in the drainage canals and the Devoll River.

Devoll River is the main source of water used by farmers for irrigation of agricultural lands in the study area, ie in Devoll district. It is a river which originates in the southeast of Albania near the border with the Greek state, and is one of the main sources that supply the Seman River.

The objectives of this paper were: a) analysis of the current situation of the area, agriculture, pesticides, and comparison of the situation with the period before the 90s, b) quantitative identification of physico-chemical components of agricultural drainage water by areas, and analysis of the impact that these chemical components have in the quality of surface water but also in the waters of the river Devoll, c) Proposed measures and suggestions to reduce the level of pollution in the environment of substances used in agriculture, d) Analysis of questionnaires with farmers on the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides as well as their awareness.

Water samples were taken in canals and Devoll River, in two different periods and different physico-chemical parameters were analyzed such as: phosphates, nitrates, nitrites, sulfates, pH, electrical conductivity, temperature. The initial desire was to identify persicidal residues in rivers where farmers often dispose of the waste after spraying, but pesticide analysis was not possible due to high costs.The work done is extended in several months, and specifically from February 2021 to September 2021.

The study concluded that the impact of the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture brings harm and negative consequences for the environment. The results of the analyzes showed

presence of Nitrates and Phosphates in drainage channels or water-collection basins, which can cause eutrophication in the surface water and alter the ecosystem.

The study following the survey results with the farmers draw two main recommendations: a) it is necessary to assist specialists in the field regarding the manner and number of treatments that farmers should use during an agricultural year. This should be done in order to avoid chemical overload of products and consequently the environment around them; b) The farmers which are the main users of chemical fertilizers should be held accountable for the protection measures they must undertake for their health but also for the environment.

Keywords: agricultural drainage waters, drainage channels, phosphorus, nitrogen, pesticide, pollution, agricultural activity Bibliography: Bartzas, G., Tinivella, F., Medini, L., Zaharaki, D., & Komnitsas, K. (2015). Assessment of groundëater contamination risk in an agricultural area in north Italy.

Information Processing in Agriculture, 2(2), 109-129.

Davis, J. G. (1994). Managing plant nutrients for optimum water use efficiency and water conservation.

Advances in Agronomy, 53(1), 85-120.

Jacobs, T. C., & Gilliam, J. W. (1985). Riparian losses of nitrate from agricultural drainage waters.

Journal of environmental quality, 14(4), 472-478.

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Gjatë marrjes së mostrave të ujit në kanalin tretësor, Pika 2 (25 Mars 2021)

Sistemi I kanaleve kulluese parësore dhe dytësore (Foto nga Autori: 28 Janar 2021)

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