Feature

PEOPLES DAILY, MONDAY, JANUARY 16, 2023 Feature

Who can die? Canada wrestles with euthanasia for the mentally ill

As Canada prepares to expand its euthanasia law to include those with mental illness, some Canadians - including many of the country’s doctors - question whether the country’s assisted death programme has already moved too far, too fast.

Dr Madeline Li can recall the first patient she helped die, about one month after Canada first legalised euthanasia in 2016. “I remember just how surreal it was,” she said.

A psychiatrist at Toronto’s Princess Margaret Hospital, she recalled checking on her patient that day, asking if she had the right music and final meal, and if she was sure she wanted to go ahead. The patient, in her mid-60s and suffering from ovarian cancer, said she was.

Five minutes later, the woman was dead.

“It was like stepping off a cliff, that first one,” Dr Li said. “Then time passes and it normalises.”

She has since overseen hundreds of medically assisted dying cases.

Dr Li stressed repeatedly that a physician’s personal opinions should not influence how they assess a patient for assisted death. But she has significant concerns about the expansion of Canada’s euthanasia and assisted dying programme beyond the terminally ill. She is not alone.

Since 2016, Canada’s medical assistance in dying programme - known by its acronym ‘Maid’ - has been available for adults with terminal illness. In 2021, the law was changed to include those with serious and chronic physical conditions, even if that condition was non-life threatening.

This year, it is expected to change again to include some Canadians with mental illness.

That planned expansion has ignited controversy over the assisted death programme as a whole and raised concerns that it may be too easy for the vulnerable to die in Canada. Those fears have been stoked by a recent string of reports suggesting that for some, death has been used as a stopgap for a broken social safety net.

“Making death too ready a solution disadvantages the most vulnerable people, and actually lets society off the hook,” Dr Li said. “I don’t think death should be society’s solution for its own failures.”

Medically assisted death arrived in Canada through the courts. In 2015, the country’s Supreme Court ruled that banning assisted suicide deprived Canadians of their dignity and autonomy. It gave Parliament one year to draft legislation.

The 2016 law legalised assisted death for Canadians aged 18 and older with a serious and irreversible condition, whose death was “reasonably foreseeable”.

In that first year, a little over 1,000 people received an assisted death, a number that has grown every year since. In 2021, the most recent figures available, there were 10,064 Maid cases, accounting for 3.3% of all deaths in Canada.

Opinion polls indicate Canadians broadly support access to at least some form of assisted suicide.

Death for the terminally ill can often be cruel and slow, physicians told the BBC, with the patient’s final days spent slipping in and out of a drugged consciousness. The existence of assisted dying in these cases, doctors said, became a salve.

“Almost every single time I deem a patient eligible [for Maid], that patient stops worrying about how they’re going to die and starts wondering how they’re going to live,” said Dr Stefanie Green, president of the Canadian Association of Maid Assessors and Providers.

“It is objectively therapeutic to give someone the option,”she said.

Canada’s expansion to Maid last year followed another court decision after two people from Montreal with degenerative diseases launched a legal challenge.

The ruling put Canada in the company of just a handful of countries, including Belgium and the Netherlands, that allow medically assisted dying for those without a terminal illness.

The change included people whose sole medical condition was mental illness, but with a caveat: psychiatric Maid applications would be delayed for two years, while the federal government set up appropriate safeguards.

The looming expansion has attracted intense scrutiny and, for some, cast doubt on the country’s assisted dying programme for the non-terminally ill.

Early critics of the programme include three United Nations human rights experts, who wrote to the federal government in 2021 warning that the expanded law could devalue the lives of disabled people by implying that a serious disability was worse than death.

A number of reports suggesting that some Canadians have opted for assisted death, at least in part because they could not afford adequate housing, have also prompted fears it could be used as a solution for societal challenges - that someone may seek out Maid because of poverty, lack of housing, or extreme loneliness.

“Leaving people to make this choice [to die] because the state is failing to fulfil their fundamental human rights is unacceptable,” said Marie-Claud Landry, chief commissioner of the Canadian Human Rights Commission in a statement in May.

Others have pointed to what they describe as the programme’s flimsy safeguards.

“The Maid law is very Canadian. It was left so vague it could offend nobody,” Dr Li said.

Dr Madeline Li has helped hundreds of patients die. Now she has doubts about Canada’s assisted dying programme.

Princess Margaret Hospital in Toronto, where Dr Madeline Li works.

Dr Li has applauded Canada’s decision to pause the Maid expansion for mental health.

The law, she said, “is not specific

enough to protect people.”

In 2019, 61-year-old Alan Nichols opted for an assisted death after he was admitted to a British Columbia hospital for suicide watch.

In the days before his death, he was agitated, confused, and refused to wear the cochlear implant that

helped him hear, his sister-in-law Trish Nichols told a Senate committee last year. On his application for Maid, the stated reason was “hearing loss”.

“Alan did not have a valid diagnosis for Maid,” Mrs Nichols said. “Would you feel safe now, bringing your suicidal loved one to seek medical care for recovery when there are no oversight or stringent safeguards surrounding a procedure that kills people?”

Then last autumn, authorities launched an investigation after at least four veterans were prompted to consider Maid by a Veterans Affairs case worker, who now no longer works for the department. In one instance, veteran and paralympian Christine Gauthier said she was offered the option by the employee after she asked for a wheelchair ramp to be installed in her home.

The federal government says that the expanded law protects vulnerable Canadians while respecting patient autonomy. Applicants with grievous and incurable but nonlife threatening conditions must be assessed by two separate clinicians and undergo a 90-day waiting period.

And proponents of assisted dying insist the existing guardrails are strong enough.

“I see the safeguards in place, I see them working,” said Dr Green.

“I’m not naïve, I get it, lack of support in our community - disability support, income support, housing support - these things contribute to a person’s suffering,” she said. “But in and of itself, if that’s what is motivating people to apply, they will not be found eligible.”

Derryck Smith, a Vancouver psychiatrist and board member for Dying with Dignity, told the BBC that the standards ensure that only a small fraction of Canadians without terminal diagnoses would be eligible for Maid. “Look at the statistics,” he said.

In 2021, the average age of a Maid recipient was 76. Eighty percent had received palliative care and 65% had cancer.

But planned inclusion of mental health has prompted yet another set of concerns. Last month, facing mounting criticism, the Canadian government said it would seek to pause the inclusion of mental illness - scheduled for this March - to allow for additional study.

“We want to be prudent, we want to move in a step-by-step way, so we don’t make mistakes,” federal Justice Minister David Lametti said.

Much of the controversy is focused on the “irremediability” of a mental illness - meaning if it’s incurable - and how that could be assessed. For a person to be eligible for Maid in Canada, their condition must be considered irremediable.

The Canadian Mental Health Association has warned it is “not possible” to determine whether any particular case of mental illness is incurable and strongly opposes the coming expansion. Some leading psychiatrists, like University of Toronto’s Karandeep Sonu Gaind, have said the odds of predicting curability are worse than a coin flip.

Source; BBC

The change included people whose sole medical condition was mental illness, but with a caveat: psychiatric Maid applications would be delayed for two years, while the federal government set up appropriate safeguards

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CLASSIFIED

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUSTICE OF NASARAWA STATE OF NIGERIA IN THE PROBATE DIVISION

WHEREAS the person whose name is set out in the first column hereunder died intestate on the date place stated in the said in the column. AND WHEREAS the person(s) whose name (s) and address(s) and relation(s) to the deceased are set out in the second column hereto has/have applied to the High Court of Justice, Nasarawa State for the grant of Letters of Administration of the Real and personal properties/estate of the said deceased. NOTICE: IS HEREBY GIVEN that Letter of Administration (without will) will be granted to such applicant/applicants unless a “NOTICE TO PROHIBIT” the grant is file in this Registry within Twenty- One (21) days from the date hereof.

SCHEDULE

NAME OF DECEASED PERSON

Oche Sylvester Audu Sunday late of Nyanya Died on the 22nd day of June, 2022 at Abuja Iliyasu Aishatu Naali late of Keana, Died on the 26th day of August, 2019 at Keana Dogara Aboki Ahmed late of Lafia, Died on the 24th day of April, 2022 at Lafia Danladi Mabele late of Doma, Died on the 10th day of August, 2022 at Lafia Christopher Ashama Odeh late of Doma, Died on the 26th day of June, 2022 at Doma Ozayashi Abari late of Alagye, Died on the 3rd day of September, 2021 at Alagye. Jibril Suleiman late of Lafia, Died on the 23rd day of April, 2021 at Gwagwalada Okoh Echoga late of Doma, Died on the 14th day of November, 2021 at Lafia Dangana Agbo late of Lafia, Died on the 28th day of March, 2022 at Lafia Maimako Yusuf late of Lafia, Died on the 27th day of May, 2017 at Lafia Ishalaku Godwin Amegwa late of Doma, Died on the 4th day of September, 2022 at Doma Ayuba Ajuma late of Lafia, Died on the 30th day of July, 2022 at Lafia Mohammed Ogoshi late of Keana, Died on the 11th day of December, 2022 at Keana Anzaku Musa Otso late of Lafia, Died on the 4th day of October, 2022 at Lafia Abdullahi Musa late of Lafia, Died on the 10th day of August, 2022 at Abuja Agwada Onah Salisu late of Keffi, Died on the 29th day of September, 2022 at Keffi Ramat Ibrahim late of Agyaragu, Died on the 8th day of November, 2021 at Agyaragu Namadi Jibrin late of Kekura, Died on the 6th day of September, 2022 at Awe Hassan Dinatu Ashelo late of Lafia, Died on the 14th day of September, 2022 at Lafia Ababakar Yakubu Haruna late of Lafia, Died on the 4th day of June, 2021 at Lafia Musa Adamu Ogapa late of Ogapa Died on the 4th day of June, 2022 at Ogapa Ogelebe Danjuma late of Nasarawa, Died on the 18th day of May, 2022 at Nasarawa Kigbu Abubakar late of Gudi, Died on the 26th day of October, 2020 at Akwanga Yakubu Tanimu late of Keffi, Died on the 20th day of March, 2022 at Keffi

NAME(S) AND ADDRESS (ES) OF APPLICANT(S)

Oche Audu of Lagos State the lawful Son of the said deceased Naali Iliyasu Yakubu of Keana the lawful Brother of the said deceased Manga Manga Dogara of Keffi the lawful Son of the said deceased. Mabele Godwin of Doma the lawful Son of the said deceased Victoria Y. Ido of Doma the lawful Widow of the said deceased. Abari Rebecca Jonathan of Alagye the lawful Widow of the said deceased Jibril Dauda of Lafia the lawful Brother of the said deceased

Aboje Acheligwu Echoga & Okoh Echoga Inalegwu

both of Doma the lawful Sons of the said deceased Abdullahi Abubakar Adamu & Sani Sanusi both of Keana the lawful Sons of the said deceased. Musa Mohammed of Lafia the lawful Son of the said deceased Godwin Tanko Emmanuel & Godwin Patience both of Doma the lawful Son & Daughter of the said deceased Ari Liman Aminu of Lafia the lawful Son of the said deceased. Bala Husseini of Keana the lawful Brother of the said deceased Musa Maryam Anzaku of Lafia the lawful Daughter of the said deceased.

Muhammad Musa Abdulllahi, Musa Abdullahi & Muhammed Fatima

Liman all of Gwagwalada the lawful Sons & Widow of the said deceased. Salisu Sharif Agwada of Keffi, the lawful Son of the said deceased. Ibrahim Friday Akpomoshi of Agyaragu the lawful Son of the said deceased Idris Fufai Maikudi of Kekura the lawful Son of the said deceased. Hassan Kyauta Ayalo of Lafia the lawful Widower of the said deceased. Yakubu Hussaini of Lafia the lawful Son of the said deceased Ogelebe Danlami of Ogapa the lawful Brother of the said deceased Habiba Ogelebe Danjuma of Nasarawa the lawful Widow of the said deceased Abubakar Ismail Tsaku & Habu Asabe Kigbu both of Gudi the lawful Son & Daughter of the said deceased Yakubu Sidi Ahmed & Adamu Adama Usman both of Keffi the lawful Son & Daugher of the said deceased respectively.

S/N

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

REPUBLICATION X

X

X

X

X

X

NAME OF DECEASED PERSON

Abah Okwute James late of Lafia, Died on the 22nd day of April, 2022 at Lafia Bamaiyi Mali Gambi late of Lafia Died on the 24th day of June, 2013 at Lafia Agawu Mary Odun late of Lafia, Died on the 20th day of December, 2021 at Lafia Mustapha Aliyu late of Shabu, Died on the 22nd day of June, 2022 at Lafia Egga Alex late of Sabon Pegi, Shabu, Died on the 5th day of November, 2022 at Sagamu Yakubu Deborah late of Lafia, Died on the 12th day of August, 2017 at Lafia N/18066 2LT Adam Hamzala Abdulrahman late of Maiduguri Died on the 3rd day of December, 2021 at Maiduguri Achegbani Patrick Abama late of Agbashi, Died on the 22nd day of September, 2021 at Lafia Christopher Angbashim Sabo late of Gudi, Died on the 1st day of October, 2021 at Nassarawa Eggon Achegbani Patrick Abama late of Agbashi, Died on the 22nd day of September, 2021 at Lafia James Maga Olaku late of Keffi- Wambai, Died on the 19th day of December, 2022 at Keffin-Wambai Shekwolo Rebecca Elisha late of Nasarawa, Died on the 23rd day of August, 2021 at Lafia Patu Yusuf late of Wamba, Died on the 22nd day of December, 2022 at Wamba Barnabas Danazumi late of Akwanga, Died on the 14th day of February, 2022 at Sanga Adamu Yusuf late of Nunku, Died on the 29th day of March, 2022 at Nunku Bala Ekom Joseph late of Sabon Kwara, Died on the 4th day of September, 2020 at Sabon Kwara

REPUBLICATION

Adamu Zakari Bala late of Lafia, Died on the 20th day of June, 2020 at Abuja James Danladi Aruwa late of Akwanga, Died on the 1st day of April, 2022 at Akwanga Ouwuse Job Danjuma late of Lafia, Died on the 20th day of October, 2021 at Jos Alkasim Abdullahi Muhammad late of Lafia, Died on the 11th day of April, 2022 at Abuja Ogande Ali Malo late of Alushi, Died on the 5th day of September, 2016 at Alushi Sunday Peter Adams late of Nassarawa Eggon, Died on the 13th day of November, 2019 at Nassarawa Eggon

(Esther M. Ejeh. Esq.) PROBATE REGISTRAR NASARAWA STATE OF NIGERIA, LAFIA

NAME(S) AND ADDRESS (ES) OF

Abah Patricia Onyemowo of Lafia the lawful Widow of the said deceased. Bamaiyi Sarah Allu of Lafia the lawful Brother of the said deceased. Odu Agbawu of Odege Odu the lawful Father of the said deceased. Aliyu Abubakar Allahkayi of Shabu the lawful Son of the said deceased. Alexander Akolo Egga of Shabu the lawful Son of the said deceased. Magani B. Nzas of Andaha the lawful Widower of the said deceased Abdulrahman Ruqayya Adam of Keffi the lawful Sister of the said deceased.

Patrick Emmanuel Oga & Patrick Joseph Achegbani

both of Lafia the lawful Sons of the said deceased. Christopher Angbashim of Gudi the lawful Son of the said deceased.

Patrick Emmanuel Oga & Patrick Joseph Achegbani

both of Lafia the lawful Sons of the said deceased. James Jeremiah Maga of Keffin-Wambai the lawful Son of the said deceased. Shekwolo Theresa of Lafia the lawful Daughter of the said deceased. Hamza Shittu Yusuf of Wamba the lawful Son of the said deceased. Barnabas Christiana of Anzele the lawful Widow of the said deceased. Adamu Salisu Ali of Akwanga the lawful Son of the said deceased. Joseph Lydia & Joseph Ovye Ekom both of Obi the lawful Widow & Son of the said deceased respectively.

REPUBLICATION

Aisha Bala Zakari & Zaynab Lamine both of Abuja the lawful Daughter & Widow of the said deceased respectively. James Leah & James Hope Danladi both of Akwanga the lawful Widow & Daughter of the said deceased respectively. Luku Justina & Dakup Happiness Obadiah both of Lafia the lawful Widow & Daughter of the said deceased respectively. Alakasim Fatima Abbdullahi of Lafia the lawful Daughter of the said deceased. Osumayi Jamila Akwe & Ali Mohammed both of Doma the lawful Widow & Son of the said deceased respectively. Sunday Bulus Adams of Nassarawa Eggon the lawful Son of the said deceased.

PUBLIC NOTICE

THE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OF THE DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, ENUGU

THIS IS TO INFORM THE GENERAL PUBLIC THAT THE ABOVE NAMED HAS APPLIED TO THE CORPORATE AFFAIRS COMMISSION (CAC), ABUJA FOR REGISTRATION UNDER PART ‘F’ OF COMPANIES AND ALLIED MATTERS ACT, ( CAMA 2020).

THE TRUSTEES ARE :

1. OKOYE IHUOMA LOVELYN 2. OKARIA ONYEMA OKARIA 3. UBA UWAOMA ONYEKACHI 4. ANEKE HENRY CHUKWUKA

THE AIMS AND OBJECTIVES ARE :

1. TO ENHANCE SOCIAL BONDING, WELFARE, UNITY AND COOPERATION AMONG ITS MEMBERS. 2. TO PROVIDE THE DEPARTMENT A PLATFORM IT CAN RELY ON FOR PROFESSIONAL AND ACADEMIC SUPPORT. 3. PROVISION OF A PLATFORM FOR MEMBERS' SOCIAL AND PROFESSIONAL NETWORKING FOR PERSONAL OR CAREER DEVELOPMENT.

ANY OBJECTION TO THIS REGISTRATION SHOULD BE FORWARDED TO THE REGISTRAR-GENERAL, CORPORATE AFFAIRS COMMISSION, PLOT 420, TIGRIS CRESCENT , OFF AGUIYI IRONSI STREET , MAITAMA , ABUJA WITHIN 28DAYS OF THIS PUBLICATION.

SIGNED : SECRETARY

NAFIU

I, FORMERLY KNOWN AS NAFIU SALISU OLD DOB: 11/7/1999. NOW WISH TO BE KNOWN AS NAFIU SALISU IBRAHIM NEW DOB: 16/7/2003. ALL FORMER DOCUMENTS REMAIN VALID. ALL AUTHORITIES CONCERNED AND GENERAL PUBLIC PLEASE TAKE NOTE.

PUBLIC NOTICE

RAHAJI CLAN CHARITY FOUNDATION

THIS IS TO INFORM THE GENERAL PUBLIC THAT THE ABOVE NAMED HAS APPLIED TO THE CORPORATE AFFAIRS COMMISSION (CAC), ABUJA FOR REGISTRATION UNDER PART ‘F’ OF COMPANIES AND ALLIED MATTERS ACT, ( CAMA 2020).

THE TRUSTEES ARE :

1.BUBA IBRAHIM - CHAIRMAN 2.UMAR AHMAD BOBE - SECRETARY 3.ABDUL ADAMU 4.ADAMU UMARU LEME 5.BAWA UMAR 6. IBRAHIM ARDO UMAR

THE AIM AND OBJECTIVE :

1.TO PROVIDE FUNDING FOR SKILL ACQUISITION TO ELIGIBLE MEMBERS..

ANY OBJECTION TO THIS REGISTRATION SHOULD BE FORWARDED TO THE REGISTRAR-GENERAL, CORPORATE AFFAIRS COMMISSION, PLOT 420, TIGRIS CRESCENT , OFF AGUIYI IRONSI STREET , MAITAMA , ABUJA WITHIN 28DAYS OF THIS PUBLICATION.

SIGNED : SECRETARY.

MOHAMMED

I, FORMERLY KNOWN AS MOHAMMED ZARAU. NOW WISH TO BE KNOWN AS MOHAMMED IBRAHIM. ALL FORMER DOCUMENTS REMAIN VALID. ALL AUTHORITIES CONCERNED AND GENERAL PUBLIC PLEASE TAKE NOTE.

PUBLIC NOTICE

KINGDOM GIANTS EMBASSY CHURCH

THIS IS TO INFORM THE GENERAL PUBLIC THAT THE ABOVE NAMED HAS APPLIED TO THE CORPORATE AFFAIRS COMMISSION (CAC), ABUJA FOR REGISTRATION UNDER PART ‘F’ OF COMPANIES AND ALLIED MATTERS ACT, ( CAMA 2020).

THE TRUSTEES ARE :

1.AGABA SAMUEL BENSON 2.AGABA ELIZABETH

THE AIMS AND OBJECTIVES ARE :

1.TO GO TO THE ENTIRE WORLD AND PREACH THE UNDILUTED GOSPEL OF THE LORD JESUS CHRIST TO EVERY CREATURE 2.TO TENDER,NUTURE,EQUIP DISCIPLE AND FEED THE NEW CONVERTS AND OLD BELIEVERS WITH THE WORD OF GOD 3.TO INSPIRE AND BUILD PEOPLE OF A CHRIST LIKE ATTITUDE. ANY OBJECTION TO THIS REGISTRATION SHOULD BE FORWARDED TO THE REGISTRAR-GENERAL, CORPORATE AFFAIRS COMMISSION, PLOT 420, TIGRIS CRESCENT , OFF AGUIYI IRONSI STREET , MAITAMA , ABUJA WITHIN 28DAYS OF THIS PUBLICATION.

SIGNED : SECRETARY.

DAVID

I, FORMERLY KNOWN AS DAVID AMINU. NOW WISH TO BE KNOWN AS DAVID ADO AMINU. ALL FORMER DOCUMENTS REMAIN VALID. ALL AUTHORITIES CONCERNED AND GENERAL PUBLIC PLEASE TAKE NOTE.