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MONTANA NURSERY & LANDSCAPE ASSOCIATION

6 Ecology-Driven Perspectives in Plant Design: The CSR Theory

Honoring Achievement in the Green Industry: Best of Montana Award Recipients

WHAT’S INSIDE 3 4 5

FROM THE PRESIDENT

FROM THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR

MEMBERS CORNER

6 10

HONORING ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREEN INDUSTRY: BEST OF MONTANA AWARD RECIPIENTS

2026 MNLA BOARD

THE CSR THEORY ECOLOGY DRIVEN PERSPECTIVES IN PLANT DESIGN

COVER PHOTO: Best of Montana Award, First Place: Residential Landscape Category The Pollinator Labyrinth by Blanchford Landscaping Group

24 26 29

MEMBER OF THE YEAR SANDY PERRIN

2026 MNLA BOARD PRESIDENT

John Spray The Good Earth Works Co. Billings, MT

JAPANESE BEETLE IN MONTANA

ADVANCING OUR MISSION: INTRODUCING NEW BOARD MEMBERS

1st VICE PRESIDENT

IN THE BOARDROOM ADVERTISE IN LEAFLET ADVERTISER INDEX CPP EXAM DETAILS

Ali Zackheim Gardenwerks Helena, MT

Kendra Hinojosa Solstice Landscaping Bozeman, MT

MEMBER-AT-LARGE

PAST PRESIDENT James Hoiland Green Up Lawn & Landscape Sprinklers Great Falls, MT

SECRETARY

Pat Appleby Compost Happens Gardening Florence, MT

EDUCATION COMMITTEE CHAIR Mike Sheets, CPP North Grounds Prop. Maintenance Bozeman, MT

NORTHERN ROCKIES TREE SCHOOL CHAIR Mike Garvey

Garvey’s Urban Forest Billings, MT

EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR

MNLA MAILING ADDRESS P.O. Box 20353 • Billings, MT 59104 406.755.3079 • www.plantingmontana.org

Gina Albaugh MNLA Billings, MT

DISCLAIMER: The statements and opinions expressed herein are those of the individual authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the association, directors or staff and do not constitute an endorsement of the products or featured services. Likewise, the appearance of advertisements, or their identification as members of the MNLA does not constitute an endorsement of their products or featured services. REPRINT PERMISSION: Reprints of original articles may be granted upon request. Contact info@plantingmontana.org with requests. MONTANA NURSERY & LANDSCAPE ASSOCIATIONwwv

s we step into the spring season, I am honored to serve as President of the Montana Nursery and Landscape Association. Spring is not simply the start of our busy season, it is the moment when our industry comes alive. It is when preparation meets opportunity, when plans turn into action, and when the work we do begins shaping Montana’s communities for another year.

2nd VICE PRESIDENT

Joe Sansone Oldcastle Polson, MT

HONORING NEWLY CERTIFIED PLANT PROFESSIONALS

Aaron Mihelish Caras Nursery Missoula, MT

3rd VICE PRESIDENT

NEW FUNDING CYCLE BEGINS: COMMUNITY BEAUTIFICATION

FROM THE PRESIDENT

MT DEPT. OF AG LIAISON

Our profession is built on resilience. We operate in an environment that is constantly changing. Weather patterns shift, markets fluctuate, regulations evolve, and customer expectations rise. Yet through every cycle, Montana’s nursery and landscape professionals continue to adapt, improve, and lead. That strength does not happen by accident. It comes from experience, hard work, and a commitment to doing things the right way. This year, I encourage every member of MNLA to lean in. Engage with one another. Share what’s working. Invest in education. Bring new professionals into the fold and mentor the next generation of leaders. The Green Expo, our local chapter meetings, and our statewide events are more than calendar items; they are the backbone of a strong and unified industry. We have an opportunity not just to maintain standards, but to raise them. To demonstrate professionalism in every project we touch. To prioritize safety, craftsmanship, and operational excellence. To show our communities that the green industry is essential economically, environmentally, and culturally. As part of that outreach, I appeared on Montana Ag Live on March 8th to discuss gardening and landscaping as we head into spring. I encourage you to find the replay if you missed the live show, and share the program within your communities. Public education and visibility matter, and together we can continue elevating awareness of the expertise our members bring to Montana. Our work leaves a lasting mark on this state. From residential landscapes to commercial developments and public spaces, we build environments that endure. That responsibility deserves pride, and it demands leadership. As we enter this season, let’s move forward with purpose. Let’s support one another, elevate our standards, and continue strengthening the association that represents us all. I look forward to working alongside you and building a strong year ahead. Here’s to a safe, productive, and successful spring. Sincerely, John Spray, President, MNLA

Frank Etzler MDA Helena, MT

the Leaflet - SPRING 2026

WHAT’S INSIDE 3 4 5

FROM THE PRESIDENT

FROM THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR

MEMBERS CORNER

6 10

HONORING ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREEN INDUSTRY: BEST OF MONTANA AWARD RECIPIENTS

2026 MNLA BOARD

THE CSR THEORY ECOLOGY DRIVEN PERSPECTIVES IN PLANT DESIGN

COVER PHOTO: Best of Montana Award, First Place: Residential Landscape Category The Pollinator Labyrinth by Blanchford Landscaping Group

24 26 29

MEMBER OF THE YEAR SANDY PERRIN

2026 MNLA BOARD PRESIDENT

John Spray The Good Earth Works Co. Billings, MT

JAPANESE BEETLE IN MONTANA

ADVANCING OUR MISSION: INTRODUCING NEW BOARD MEMBERS

1st VICE PRESIDENT

IN THE BOARDROOM ADVERTISE IN LEAFLET ADVERTISER INDEX CPP EXAM DETAILS

Ali Zackheim Gardenwerks Helena, MT

Kendra Hinojosa Solstice Landscaping Bozeman, MT

MEMBER-AT-LARGE

PAST PRESIDENT James Hoiland Green Up Lawn & Landscape Sprinklers Great Falls, MT

SECRETARY

Pat Appleby Compost Happens Gardening Florence, MT

EDUCATION COMMITTEE CHAIR Mike Sheets, CPP North Grounds Prop. Maintenance Bozeman, MT

NORTHERN ROCKIES TREE SCHOOL CHAIR Mike Garvey

Garvey’s Urban Forest Billings, MT

EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR

MNLA MAILING ADDRESS P.O. Box 20353 • Billings, MT 59104 406.755.3079 • www.plantingmontana.org

Gina Albaugh MNLA Billings, MT

2nd VICE PRESIDENT

Joe Sansone Oldcastle Polson, MT

HONORING NEWLY CERTIFIED PLANT PROFESSIONALS

Aaron Mihelish Caras Nursery Missoula, MT

3rd VICE PRESIDENT

NEW FUNDING CYCLE BEGINS: COMMUNITY BEAUTIFICATION

FROM THE PRESIDENT

MT DEPT. OF AG LIAISON

Frank Etzler MDA Helena, MT

the Leaflet - SPRING 2026

From the Executive Director develop the program. Thank you to all of the MNLA members who attended and offered their feedback! Stay tuned for more information as this program comes together.

Gina Albaugh MNLA Executive Director

Greetings, MNLA Members!

t was great to see so many of you at the Montana Green Expo School this January. This year’s event was chock full of valuable education, new vendors, and fun networking events. A sincere thank you goes out to the volunteers, speakers, sponsors, and exhibitors who came together and made this another great conference! If you weren’t able to attend this year, we hope you’ll plan to join us next January in Missoula, MT. Mark your calendars for January 5-7, 2027. I’m excited to share that we were recently invited to be a panelist for Montana Ag Live’s Gardening Special. Thank you to our Board President, John Spray, for representing the MNLA and our industry! We have also been hard at work serving on a leadership committee for a new Urban Forestry Youth Workforce Development program. This program is being spearheaded by the Montana Urban and Community Forestry Association (MUCFA), with the MNLA and 6 other state organizations working to develop a program that will pair youth with industry businesses, providing the training to put them on the path toward careers in the industry. We attended a workshop in Helena in mid-March to further MONTANA NURSERY & LANDSCAPE ASSOCIATION

As we move into the spring season, there are a few program deadlines to note. We are accepting applications for the Community Beautification Fund and the MNLA Scholarship Program through March 31st. If you have college-bound students in your family or on your crew, or if you’re looking to support a project that enhances a public space in your community, we encourage you to apply! Scholarship information and Community Beautification applications can be found on the MNLA website. www.plantingmontana.org. Be sure to check out the article highlighting this year’s Best of Montana Landscape and Container Planting competition winners. There were many impressive submissions from MNLA members working across the state. Congratulations to all who submitted projects, and don’t forget to capture photos of the projects you’re working on this season—you may find yourself featured next year!

Members Corner Also take a look at our calendar of upcoming events; we hope to see you at one of the Chapter Meetings, in the Flathead Valley for the Summer Tour, or on the golf course for one of our fundraising tournaments. There are lots of fun ways to stay connected this year! And, lastly, I would like to extend a heartfelt thank you to the board members who have completed their terms on our board of directors. Peter Hiel of Gardenwerks in Helena, MT, and Kristi Browning of Cashman Nursery in Bozeman, MT have both completed 6 years of board service; we will miss having them on the board! They have contributed so much to leading the association over the years. Thank you, both. As always, don’t hesitate to reach out if you have questions or ideas to share. 406-755-3079, or gina@plantingmontana.org.

Shields River Farm & Nursery This family owned and operated tree farm and nursery are located in the beautiful Shields River Valley, near Wilsall, MT. They focus on resale of nursery stock and in-ground fabric bag cultivation of Montana hardy trees and shrubs. Both graduates of MSU, owners Tyson and Jessica Stillman founded their farm in the Summer of 2020, bringing their passion for sustainable growing to the Wilsall community. They have been proudly expanding their selection since that time, offering hardy trees and shrubs, fruits, vegetables,

and bare root nursery stock. They work tirelessly on their soil health, cultivate and forage for mushrooms around the valley, and are active participant in their local community. Tyson serves as a Board Member for the Build a Better Wilsall Foundation, and Jessica is the Market Manager for the Shields Valley Farmers Market. Tyson recently gained his Certified Plant Professional designation. You can find them on social media, and the web: www.shieldsriverfarm.com.

Welcome New MNLA Members!

Gradient Landscapes, Tyler Oleary – Belgrade, MT

Roots Landscape, Joe Bartuska – Missoula, MT

Whitefish Executive Services, Richard Priegel – Whitefish, MT

May 6, 2026

Irrigation 2-Wire Workshop - Bozeman, MT

June 30, 2026

Family Fun Baseball Night - Billings, MT

July 23, 2026

Certified Plant Professional Exam - Flathead Valley, MT

July 23-24, 2026

Summer Tour - Flathead Valley, MT

Montana Custom Millwork, Nick Chiasson – Billings, MT

August 14, 2026

13th Annual Billings Chapter Golf Tournament - Billings, MT

Pipeco, Tim Groener – Billings, MT

August 20, 2026

3rd Annual Bozeman Chapter Golf Tournament Bozeman, MT

September 15, 2026

Field Day - Billings, MT

Find event registration on our webpage: www.PlantingMontana.org 4

Creative Greenscapes, Brad Ross – Billings, MT North Grounds Property Maintenance, Mike Sheets – Belgrade, MT

Gallatin Valley Site Services, Brandon Lavinder – Belgrade, MT

Franklin Farms, Audrey Tomasunas – Great Falls, MT

Bouma Truck Sales, Brandon Mickealson – Great Falls, MT Two Brothers Lawn and Snow, Ryan Mingneau – Hamilton, MT 5

the Leaflet - SPRING 2026

From the Executive Director develop the program. Thank you to all of the MNLA members who attended and offered their feedback! Stay tuned for more information as this program comes together.

Gina Albaugh MNLA Executive Director

Greetings, MNLA Members!

Welcome New MNLA Members!

Gradient Landscapes, Tyler Oleary – Belgrade, MT

Roots Landscape, Joe Bartuska – Missoula, MT

Whitefish Executive Services, Richard Priegel – Whitefish, MT

May 6, 2026

Irrigation 2-Wire Workshop - Bozeman, MT

June 30, 2026

Family Fun Baseball Night - Billings, MT

July 23, 2026

Certified Plant Professional Exam - Flathead Valley, MT

July 23-24, 2026

Summer Tour - Flathead Valley, MT

Montana Custom Millwork, Nick Chiasson – Billings, MT

August 14, 2026

13th Annual Billings Chapter Golf Tournament - Billings, MT

Pipeco, Tim Groener – Billings, MT

August 20, 2026

3rd Annual Bozeman Chapter Golf Tournament Bozeman, MT

September 15, 2026

Field Day - Billings, MT

Find event registration on our webpage: www.PlantingMontana.org 4

Creative Greenscapes, Brad Ross – Billings, MT North Grounds Property Maintenance, Mike Sheets – Belgrade, MT

Gallatin Valley Site Services, Brandon Lavinder – Belgrade, MT

Franklin Farms, Audrey Tomasunas – Great Falls, MT

Bouma Truck Sales, Brandon Mickealson – Great Falls, MT Two Brothers Lawn and Snow, Ryan Mingneau – Hamilton, MT 5

the Leaflet - SPRING 2026

or deteriorating site conditions, such as inconsistent light or water availability. These plants fill niches where competitors cannot survive. They thrive in high-stress, low-disturbance environments and are typically slowgrowing, conserving resources to establish a few resilient individuals. Ruderals are usually annual or biennial species with short lifespans. They thrive in low-stress, highdisturbance environments and rapidly produce and disperse seed. Ruderals dominate in the early stages following disturbance, but over time, plant communities shift toward

The CSR Theory

stress-tolerators and competitors. While these three categories are useful tools, it is rare for a plant to fit neatly into just one. For example, many weeds function as competitive ruderals, growing where other competitors cannot survive due to disturbance.

Applying CSR Theory By observing your environmental factors and the habits of plants in your garden, you can create your own Grime’s Triangle. Have you amended your soil, and do you water regularly on an automatic system? This is a

great environment for competitors. Did you recently renovate your backyard to create a clean slate for design and gardening? Ruderals will love it here. Do you plan on watering minimally with a temporary irrigation system in unamended soil? Stress tolerators will thrive. When creating a plant community design, we utilize all three categories to create a garden that contains beauty in all its stages of succession. In a hybrid seeding approach, seeds from competitors, stress tolerators, and coontinued on page 8

Photo by Emily Morris

Ecology-Driven Perspectives in Plant Design By Emily Morris, Tree of Life Landscape, Denver, Colorado

raditional garden design treats plants as individuals, spaced apart to avoid competition between species. In contrast, when we look to the wild as our model, plants live in tightly knit communities—intermingling and evolving through many phases over time. As we learn more about successful gardens and large-scale designed plantings, we increasingly look to ecology to guide and inform the re-creation of nature within our urban and suburban spaces. One thought leader in plant ecology proposed a theory that explains plants’ adaptive strategies and how they respond to a

MONTANA NURSERY & LANDSCAPE ASSOCIATION

given site. This concept, known as the CSR Triangle Theory, was developed by J.P. Grime and has inspired a fresh approach to plant design.

What Is CSR Theory? CSR Theory explains that plants’ responses to a site depend on levels of stress and disturbance. Stress includes external factors that reduce productivity, such as limited light, water, nutrients, or optimal temperatures. Disturbance refers to the partial or complete destruction of plant biomass caused by people, disease, animals, or weather events 6

(wind damage, drought, fire, erosion, grazing, construction, etc.). The CSR triangle places plants into three categories based on their tolerance to stress and disturbance: competitors, stresstolerators, and ruderals (CSR). Competitors are typically perennials that dominate where there is little stress or disturbance. They spread, form large clumps, and thrive by capturing and utilizing abundant resources. Competitors often characterize mature gardens. Stress-tolerators possess survival adaptations for challenging, variable, 7

the Leaflet - SPRING 2026

The CSR Theory

Photo by Emily Morris

Ecology-Driven Perspectives in Plant Design By Emily Morris, Tree of Life Landscape, Denver, Colorado

MONTANA NURSERY & LANDSCAPE ASSOCIATION

given site. This concept, known as the CSR Triangle Theory, was developed by J.P. Grime and has inspired a fresh approach to plant design.

the Leaflet - SPRING 2026

Photo by Emily Morris

continued from page 7

ruderals, as well as plugs and one gallon pots are planted to create stability, rhythm, legibility, and to set the stage for the garden’s evolution over the years. Annual seeds are added and an important element of this approach because they create immediate impact and will seed themselves into open spaces in the garden. Eventually, the competitors will take over to create a highly stable plant community.

CSR Theory in the Field Landscape architect Thomas Rainer is a leading voice in plant community design. Rainer views stress as an asset, noting that it narrows the plant palette to species well adapted to specific site conditions. In his book, Planting in a Post-Wild World, co-authored with Claudia West, the authors write, MONTANA NURSERY & LANDSCAPE ASSOCIATION

“The irony is that what we perceive as happy, well-adjusted plants is more often the result of a scarcity of resources rather than an abundance of it.” This insight underscores the importance of understanding plant strategies and working with—not against—site limitations. Rainer and West emphasize compatibility in competitive strategies when designing plant communities. This does not mean spacing plants far apart to reduce competition. Instead, they design in lateral, vertical, and temporal layers—accounting for root systems and stems that occupy different widths, heights, and time frames. As they note, “Even low plants like Sporobolus heterolepis benefit from being underplanted with creeping plants like barren strawberry.” The fuller and more layered the garden, the fewer opportunities weeds have to establish. 8

By understanding how plants respond to stress and disturbance, you can design plant communities that thrive naturally. Thoughtful use of the CSR model helps create gardens that are dynamic, resilient, and visually engaging at every stage.

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the Leaflet - SPRING 2026

Photo by Emily Morris

continued from page 7

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INNOVATION

Industry-leading solutions for faster jobs and maximized profits.

QUALITY

Award-winning quality backed by a lifetime warranty.

BELGARD.COM/PRO

the Leaflet - SPRING 2026

Honoring Achievement in the Green Industry:

Best of Montana Award Recipients

MONTANA NURSERY & LANDSCAPE ASSOCIATION

FIRST PLACE Residential Landscape Category

FIRST PLACE Softscape Category

Blanchford Landscaping Group

Solstice Landscaping

The Pollinator Labyrinth is a unique and purposeful landscape design combining the winding, meditative path of a classical labyrinth with a rich, biodiverse habitat for pollinators. More than a garden; it is a refuge, a critical sanctuary for biodiversity in a landscape where natural habitats are scarce. It stands as a testament to the power of a single, intentional space to support an entire ecosystem. Designed with a diverse array of pollinatorfriendly plants, chosen to provide a continuous bloom of nectar and pollen from early spring to late fall, the plantings are arranged in concentric rings or along the winding path, creating a vibrant tapestry of colors, textures, and scents. The labyrinth serves a dual purpose: Acting as a beautiful and functional ecological space, supporting local pollinator populations, and providing a tranquil, meditative retreat for people to connect with nature - a living example of how intentional design can blend environmental stewardship with human well-being.

The Audubon Society recommended our team to design and craft this meaningful softscape based on other projects we’ve created which they’ve highlighted on educational tours. The homeowners sought gardens and trees and shrubs to provide bird habitat and bird-watching opportunities from the windows of their home. Additionally, they wanted wildflower meadows, bear proof bird feeders, drought-tolerant and native pollinator gardens, and a wildlife-proof food garden. The edible garden includes custom steel planters, a greenhouse/shed, a berry patch with half a dozen Raspberry varieties and several varieties of Honeyberry bushes intermingled with pollinator plantings. Below the berry patch is an orchard complete with apple and plum trees. Beyond the deeply meaningful nature of this composition of spaces and gardens is the finely-crafted, stunningly soft aesthetic of the naturalistic gardens around the home. The naturalistic and edible gardens are connected by a sandstone tread staircase and beautiful flagstone path through a wildflower meadow. The path is flanked by Quaking Aspen, Dancing Flame Aspen, Chokecherries, Nanking Cherries and Serviceberries for the birds. Bird baths filled by drip irrigation and bear-proof bird feeder hangers are a few special sculptural elements which enhance this beautiful softscape of many purposes, styles and flavors! 11

the Leaflet - SPRING 2026

Honoring Achievement in the Green Industry:

Best of Montana Award Recipients

MONTANA NURSERY & LANDSCAPE ASSOCIATION

FIRST PLACE Residential Landscape Category

FIRST PLACE Softscape Category

Blanchford Landscaping Group

Solstice Landscaping

the Leaflet - SPRING 2026

FIRST PLACE Hardscape Category Solstice Landscaping Family and friends gather and enjoy so many custom, modern and elegant unique hardscape elements at this residence. The concrete paver patio hosts a gas fire pit, outdoor kitchen, custom crafted and painted steel planters, custom bollard lighting, boulder seating, composite upper deck and a beautiful contrasting border strip! Beyond the patio large format concrete architectural pavers contrast the black basalt mulch through the gardens to create beautiful functional paths connecting the front driveway through a custom designed and fabricated deer, bear and moose proof organic vegetable garden space to the hot tub and fire pit and dining and lounging spaces.

FIRST PLACE Water Feature Category Design 5 Landscape Architecture The landscape was designed to accommodate a multi-generational family. A large outdoor dining area with seating for the entire family, a fire pit patio and sauna were all designed as destinations for the family to gather. These areas have all been designed to have beautiful mountain views and they overlook a swimming pond with a sauna and a custom rope swing for the grandkids. Plants were chosen to provide texture, color and layers in this high-altitude mountain environment.

Custom designed gates celebrate floral patterns and enclose a dog run and the vegetable spaces on opposite sides of the home. A custom metal mailbox and parcel box frames one side of the entry drive while the other side is framed by beautiful plantings in and around a custom steel planter. Boulder walls help set grade for the vegetable gardens. The back yard outdoor living spaces including the upper composite deck and the lower hot tub and fire pit and dining patios and lounge areas enjoy beautiful vistas across the golf course to the rugged mountains beyond. MONTANA NURSERY & LANDSCAPE ASSOCIATION

the Leaflet - SPRING 2026

First Place: Commercial Landscape Category Greater Gallatin Contractors Gateway Village Park is a dynamic, multi-use community destination that highlights the best of modern landscape design, high-quality construction, and family-centered outdoor recreation. We are proud to have delivered this showcase projectone that reflects the spirit of Montana while providing year-round amenities for residents and visitors alike. A Park Designed for All Ages & Interests Gateway Village Park was envisioned as a place where the community could gather, play, exercise, and enjoy the outdoors. The resulting landscape offers a diverse blend of amenities, making it one of the most engaging and versatile parks in the region. Key features include: • State-of-the-art playground with modern play structures designed for safety, creativity, and inclusive fun. MONTANA NURSERY & LANDSCAPE ASSOCIATION

• Full-size basketball court equipped with Pickle Grip™ surfacing by SnapSports, providing exceptional traction and durability for both casual and competitive play. • SO-yard artificial turf sports field, engineered for year-round performance and suitable for youth sports, training, and open recreation. • Custom concrete cornhole court, adding a unique social and recreational element the community can enjoy at all ages. • Over one mile of decomposed granite trails, inviting walkers, runners, and cyclists to explore the site while integrating a natural aesthetic. • Community pavilion, offering shaded gathering space for events, celebrations, and everyday use. Landscape Craftsmanship & Sustainable Practices

adapted plants were thoughtfully selected to thrive in Montana’s climate, enhance visual appeal, and reduce longterm maintenance demands. Irrigation systems, soil preparation, and strategic grading were meticulously executed to ensure sustainability and longevity.

Its blend of cutting-edge recreation features, sustainable landscaping, and exceptional craftsmanship makes Gateway Village Park a standout example of commercial landscape excellence in Montana.

Hardscape elements-including the sports surfaces, pathways, pavilion area, and concrete amenities-were built with precision to blend seamlessly with the park’s natural surroundings while supporting heavy community use. A Community Anchor for the Gateway District Gateway Village Park was designed to bring people together, and today it serves as a major recreational and social hub for the growing Gateway community. With amenities for children, athletes, families, and outdoor enthusiasts, the park truly offers something for everyone.

The park’s softer landscape elements reflect our commitment to quality, durability, and environmental consciousness. Native and regionally 15

the Leaflet - SPRING 2026

Its blend of cutting-edge recreation features, sustainable landscaping, and exceptional craftsmanship makes Gateway Village Park a standout example of commercial landscape excellence in Montana.

The park’s softer landscape elements reflect our commitment to quality, durability, and environmental consciousness. Native and regionally 15

the Leaflet - SPRING 2026

Member of the Year

First Place: Container Planting Category North Grounds Property Maintenance

Sandy Perrin!

An old wagon was retrofitted to support a dense bouquet of flowers. This happened to be in a very deerpopulated estate near Manhattan, so much care was taken to have a strong selection of colorful plants that could survive multiple herds. The wedding colors were guaranteed in a large selection of sedums, wandering jew, ‘Gingerwine’ ninebark, salvia and guara. Dahlia and calibrachoa finished the design with pops of brighter colors to offset the silver and wine base.

By: Aaron Mihelish, 1st Vice President

The MNLA is thrilled to announce Sandy Perrin as our Member-of-theYear. This award recognizes an individual who goes above and beyond for our industry, and Sandy’s track record speaks for itself. As the Plant Care Coordinator at the Missoula County Department of Ecology, Sandy has become the Missoula region’s go-to “guru” for plant disease and pest management—providing invaluable expertise that keeps our landscapes healthy and thriving.

TOGETHER, WE BUILD THE FUTURE.

A Legacy of Service Sandy’s impact on the MNLA extends far beyond her technical knowledge. Her dedication to the association has been unwavering, evidenced by: Board Leadership: Serving with distinction on the MNLA Board of Directors. Mentorship: Acting as a vital resource for fellow members and industry professionals. Local Impact: Strengthening the bridge between ecology and horticulture in Missoula County. Sandy, thank you for your years of service, your sharp eye for plant health, and your enduring commitment to the MNLA community. This recognition is truly well-deserved!

SALES | RENTAL | TECHNOLOGY PARTS | SERVICE WWW.WESTERNSTATESCAT.COM MONTANA NURSERY & LANDSCAPE ASSOCIATION

the Leaflet - SPRING 2026

Member of the Year

First Place: Container Planting Category North Grounds Property Maintenance

Sandy Perrin!

By: Aaron Mihelish, 1st Vice President

TOGETHER, WE BUILD THE FUTURE.

SALES | RENTAL | TECHNOLOGY PARTS | SERVICE WWW.WESTERNSTATESCAT.COM MONTANA NURSERY & LANDSCAPE ASSOCIATION

the Leaflet - SPRING 2026

Japanese Beetle in Montana By Dr. Frank E. Etzler, Natural Resource Section Supervisor, Montana Department of Agriculture

The Japanese Beetle (JB), Popillia japonica Newman, is a beetle (Order Coleoptera) that is a member of the family Scarabaeidae, rotund beetles with hard wing coverings called elytra and which many members are partly or wholly metallic. The Japanese Beetle is native to Japan and was first discovered in North America in 1916 in a nursery in New Jersey. Since then, the beetle has spread across the Eastern U.S., aided by the lack of natural predators in North America. Japanese Beetles are quite striking in appearance, with a metallic green front portion (prothorax and head), coppery elytra, and white tufts of setae on each abdominal segment (Fig. 1). Despite its beautiful appearance, Japanese Beetles are voracious herbivores. As larvae (baby beetles called grubs), they live in the soil. These c-shaped grubs feed on roots of grasses and can cause serious dieback in lawns and golf courses when populations are high. As adults, Japanese Beetles feed on foliage of a wide variety of garden plants and skeletonize leaves through feeding. If populations are high, this feeding can even kill plants, as they can be stripped of all leaves.

introduced to many western states and have been successfully eradicated in many of them in the past. In Montana, Japanese Beetles were first discovered in Billings in 2001. Survey efforts determined the spread of Japanese Beetle within city limits and in 2008 an interior quarantine was issued by the Montana Department of Agriculture (MDA) for the infested area of Billings. It is the general consensus that these Japanese Beetles were accidentally introduced by air traffic as they are often attracted to cargo and passenger planes and can often be accidentally transported during peak emergence periods.

In 2013, this changed when nursery stock infested with Japanese Beetle was brought into Montana, affecting 17 nurseries across the state. Due to rapid action by the nurseries and MDA, Japanese Beetle populations at these localities were eradicated and confirmed negative in 2014. This broad influx of Japanese Beetles into the state led to the creation of the Exterior Quarantine in 2013 to prevent this from reoccuring and to protect Montana’s green industries.

As of February 2026, Japanese Beetle is limited to Billings in the state of Montana. Every year, MDA staff places Japanese Beetle traps throughout the city to monitor for presence and locality in city limits. Through local, natural movements, Japanese Beetle has moved beyond the boundaries of the 2008 quarantine but has a patchy distribution in the city. Unlike in the Eastern U.S., signs and reports of larval and adult damage are fortunately rare, but monitoring remains in place to ensure this does not grow into an unmanageable problem. Due to the movement of Japanese Beetle outside of the quarantine area, MDA is working on expanding the quarantine zone to encompass the current distribution in city limits.

Many states in the west are also currently dealing with eradicating populations of Japanese Beetle in their state. Of these states, Oregon, dealt with eradicating a population of Japanese Beetle in the Portland area. Unfortunately, funds for this eradication and monitoring program by the Oregon Department of Agriculture were cancelled by the Oregon legislature in 2025. Due to this change in the expected status of Oregon and change in status to other states since 2013, MDA is also working on updating the 2013 exterior quarantine. Prior to having these updated quarantines go into effect, MDA will have a period of public comment from stakeholders and the general public.

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For many decades, Japanese Beetle populations had been limited to the Eastern U.S. due to cooperative efforts by state, federal, and private partners. However, increased interstate travel and increased interstate commercial shipping has also increased the risks of accidental introduction of Japanese Beetle to new areas. Japanese Beetles have been repeatedly

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Figure 1: Japanese Beetle Adult. Photo by Frank E. Etzler.

MONTANA NURSERY & LANDSCAPE ASSOCIATION

If you see Japanese Beetle outside of Billings, please reach out to MDA staff (agr@mt.gov) immediately. A photograph or collected specimen of the suspect Japanese Beetle is appreciated. With combined efforts, we can ensure that Japanese Beetle continues to have as minimal of an impact on Montana as possible.

the Leaflet - SPRING 2026

Japanese Beetle in Montana By Dr. Frank E. Etzler, Natural Resource Section Supervisor, Montana Department of Agriculture

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Figure 1: Japanese Beetle Adult. Photo by Frank E. Etzler.

MONTANA NURSERY & LANDSCAPE ASSOCIATION

the Leaflet - SPRING 2026

Advancing Our Mission:

Introducing New Board Members By: Gina Albaugh, MNLA Executive Director

Board Member elections were held during our Annual Meeting in January. We are excited to welcome two new board members: Kendra Hinojosa as 3rd Vice President, and Mike Sheets as Education Chair! Both are highly qualified to lead this Association.

Mike Sheets grew up in Southern California, where a love for plants was rooted early in life. Surrounded by greenery, he was deeply influenced by his mother, a freelance garden designer, and his grandmother, whose California cottage garden sparked inspiration. With horticulture and design running strong in his family, Mike initially pursued a degree in graphic design before realizing his true passion lay in garden design and plant care.

Kendra Hinojosa grew up in southeast Idaho, moving to Bozeman to attend MSU, where she earned a degree in horticulture. After 25 years working in the industry, Kendra has a wealth of experience spanning greenhouse growing, wholesale, retail, snow removal, landscape design & install, and maintenance. She currently spends her days as Garden Service Manager at Solstice Landscaping in Bozeman, MT. In her spare time, you can find her spending time with her kids and granddaughters, camping, fishing, or going for a motorcycle ride.

In May 2016, Mike moved to Montana, embracing the challenges and opportunities of an entirely new growing climate. He spent five years at Cashman Nursery, where he earned his Certified Plant Professional (CPP) designation—passing the exam on his first attempt.

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He then joined Highridge Landscapes, expanding his expertise in landscape and container design, greenhouse management, and client relations.

and helping educate the next generation of green industry leaders. He is grateful for the opportunity to contribute and grow in this community.

Currently, Mike works with North Grounds Property Maintenance, where he shares his knowledge by training seasonal crews in plant identification, proper pruning techniques, and best practices for plant health. In addition to his professional work, he recently launched a YouTube channel showcasing his personal garden while making horticulture concepts accessible to a broader audience.

Please reach out to Kendra and Mike to welcome them to the team, or to share your questions and ideas. They join a dedicated group of board members that truly have your best interests at heart. Contact information for each board member can be found near the front of this Leaflet.

Mike is enthusiastic about stepping into the Education Chair role, where he looks forward to building meaningful connections within the industry, supporting the mission of the Montana Nursery Landscape Association,

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MONTANA NURSERY & LANDSCAPE ASSOCIATION AGWEST 18830-54 Owner_8x5_TheLeaflet_v1.indd 1

2/12/26 9:02 AM

the Leaflet - SPRING 2026

Advancing Our Mission:

Introducing New Board Members By: Gina Albaugh, MNLA Executive Director

You’re an owner. And ownership pays.

He then joined Highridge Landscapes, expanding his expertise in landscape and container design, greenhouse management, and client relations.

and helping educate the next generation of green industry leaders. He is grateful for the opportunity to contribute and grow in this community.

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MONTANA NURSERY & LANDSCAPE ASSOCIATION AGWEST 18830-54 Owner_8x5_TheLeaflet_v1.indd 1

2/12/26 9:02 AM

the Leaflet - SPRING 2026

New Funding Cycle Opens

Community Beautification Gina Albaugh, MNLA Executive Director

In our ongoing effort to support members and the communities they reside in, we are pleased to once again open a Community Beautification Funding cycle. Applications will be accepted through March 31st. The program goal is to grant project funds to communities across the state, that meet the following guidelines: • Highlight the nursery and landscape industry • Improve outdoor public spaces • Add value to the communities of our members

Recent Community Beautification Fund Recipients: Hamilton City Water-Wise Demonstration Garden Hamilton, MT The Bitterroot Water Partnership partnered with the City of Hamilton and Great Bear Native Plants to install a water-wise demonstration garden at the City of Hamilton Parks and Urban Forestry building. The garden

• Engage current and prospective MNLA members

installation was part of BWP’s waterwise landscaping program which focuses on engaging residents in stewardship of local water quality and consumption through native plant landscaping. This initiative highlights the benefits of native plants and landscapes such as reducing local water consumption, and the use of pesticides, fertilizers, and other chemicals, restoring pollinator habitats and native plant habitats, and bringing wild beauty and vibrancy to communities.

Yellowstone Arboretum – Pathway Pots Conifer Installation Billings, MT This unique project features new conifers planted in specimen pots strategically installed at animal viewing areas and along main pathways throughout the Yellowstone Arboretum at Zoo Montana. The conifers selected will then be replanted in the MNLA North American Conifer Garden at the end of the growing season. These species are what the arboretum deems as “Montana Unique” selection in accordance with arboretum policy. The trees are of North American origin, but were

selected for their original status. The goal of these selections is to observe and monitor their growing habits and performance in Montana climate and report the observations to Montana nurseries in hopes of entering them into the nursery retail environment to diversity their use by the public.

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Hamilton City Water-Wise Demonstration Garden. Photo credit: Bitterroot Water Partnership

• Demonstrate the value of quality, professional landscape services Award amounts will be determined by the review committee based on the funds available and number of applications received. More details and the application can be found on our website, www.plantingmontana. org/community_beautification

MONTANA NURSERY & LANDSCAPE ASSOCIATION

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the Leaflet - SPRING 2026

New Funding Cycle Opens

Community Beautification Gina Albaugh, MNLA Executive Director

• Engage current and prospective MNLA members

Planning for Spring? Order now for best availability! Browse our updated website for improved features

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Hamilton City Water-Wise Demonstration Garden. Photo credit: Bitterroot Water Partnership

MONTANA NURSERY & LANDSCAPE ASSOCIATION

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the Leaflet - SPRING 2026

Honoring Newly Certified Plant Professionals By: Gina Albaugh

Over 900 varieties of trees, shrubs, evergreens and perennials. We had six applicants take their Certified Plant Professional (CPP) Exam at the Green Expo in January. We are excited to announce that two individuals passed the rigorous exam and have now joined the ranks of CPPs! Congratulations to Zoe Goodwin and John Russell of Cashman Nursery, in Bozeman, MT. The CPP Exam is a two-part exam with an ID portion and a written portion. The ID portion consists of accurately identifying 50 plant cutting samples, as well as listing the genus, species, and common name of each sample. The written portion is a 200-question multiple choice exam with questions ranging from pest life cycles to best cultural practices, to fertilizer rates, and much more. The study manual for the exam is about 3” thick! Achieving your CPP takes time and dedication; we applaud all who have successfully passed this exam. If you are interested in pursuing certification yourself, you can check out the CPP section of our website www.plantingmontana.org/certification for more details and registration links for upcoming exams. Congratulations again to Zoe Goodwin and John Russell!

Zoe Goodwin

John Russell

For me, horticulture represents the intersection of human intention and plant response. It continues to teach me how attention, patience, and care shape outcomes over time. As the natural world evolves, so do we, always developing together within a shared ecosystem. This field of work asks you to listen as much as you act, and grow alongside the systems you tend. It is with deep gratitude that I embrace the responsibility of nurturing life with care and understanding. My purpose is to approach each situation with an open mind, a gentle heart, and a green thumb.

John started working at Cashman Nursery and Landscaping in May 2024 after graduating from Montana State University. He quickly developed a passion for working outdoors and caring for plants in the nursery setting. Working at the nursery allows him to engage in some of the many things he values most: being in nature, working with his hands, being part of a happy, caring community, and taking part in daily learning experiences. John looks forward to all the opportunities the horticultural industry offers.

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the Leaflet - SPRING 2026

Honoring Newly Certified Plant Professionals By: Gina Albaugh

Zoe Goodwin

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MONTANA NURSERY & LANDSCAPE ASSOCIATION

the Leaflet - SPRING 2026

In The Board Room

Board Meeting Minutes November 2025 The Board reviewed and approved the October financials and received an update from Carson Thomas of the Montana Department of Agriculture (MDA) on Japanese beetle quarantine efforts in the Billings area. Carson reported that data from surrounding states indicates Bailey Nursery’s prevention program in Minnesota has been effective, opening the possibility of revising the current agreement to allow container shipments to Montana under updated compliance and inspection requirements. MDA is also working on updates to both the external and internal quarantine plans, with draft proposals expected for presentation at Expo. The board approved $2,000 scholarships for Mia Gannon and Blake Herda, discussed Grant reporting and future grant topics, and decided to return to paper surveys for better data collection at Expo. Expo planning updates included strong booth sales, sponsorships, a finalized schedule, continued use of the Whova platform. Additional discussions included securing silent auction donations, Board recruitment, transitioning Education Chair duties, continuing with the current bookkeeper at a slightly increased rate, implementing membership auto-renewals for 2026, and ongoing planning for an Executive Director Assistant position and upcoming board meetings.

detected; board members will review the drafts before further discussion at the January 5 meeting. Carson also plans to present the proposals during the Expo Lunch & Learn while continuing to address issues with the state’s new licensing database. The board discussed upcoming Expo preparations, including strong registration numbers, record booth sales, sponsorships, silent auction donations, CEU approvals, and event logistics, while finalizing judging, awards, and speaker assignments. Additional business included recruiting a candidate for 3rd Vice President, selecting Sandy Perrin as Member of the Year, coordinating the CPP exam, reviewing membership numbers, planning participation in industry events, and continuing contract reviews for the Executive Director and Assistant positions, with the assistant search to resume after Expo.

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TREE SLINGS

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continued on page 29

December 2025 The Board reviewed and approved the minutes from the November 13, 2025 meeting and the November financials, noting Expo registrations are keeping finances on track. Carson from the Montana Department of Agriculture presented draft updates to the state’s outdated Japanese beetle quarantine regulations, focusing on restrictions for plant material entering Montana from infested states and material moving from the Billings quarantine area to regions where the beetle has not been

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Size Pack Dealer Retail 2”x24”/3 per package 18 $4.40/pkg $6.99 2” x 24” 126 $1.03/ea $1.99 2” x 36” 126 $1.43/ea $2.99 3” x 24” 50 $1.50/ea $2.99 3” x 36” 50 $2.00/ea $3.99 3” x 48” 20 $2.63/ea $5.49 4” x 36” 32 $3.20/ea $6.49 4” x 48” 16 $3.80/ea $7.49

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AgWest Farm Credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Glacier Nursery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Bailey Nurseries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Hash Tree Company . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Belgard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Rain Bird. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

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MONTANA NURSERY & LANDSCAPE ASSOCIATION

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