Girls Advocacy Alliance - Baseline GAA Intenational

BASELINE GAA INTERNATIONAL

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1 Girls Advocacy Alliance - Baseline

Contents 1 Methodology 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Data-collection 1.3 Methodological challenges and solutions 1.4 Filtered picture

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2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 2.11

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Country assessments within UN accountability procedures Bangladesh Ethiopia Ghana India Kenya Liberia Nepal Philippines Sierra Leone Uganda The Netherlands

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CSOs assessment

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Annexes

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Annex I: Effective monitoring of the performance of national governments in GAA countries on GAA issues by international human rights mechanisms

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Annex II: National governments of the 10 GAA countries take into account the recommendations of the human rights mechanisms and the provisions of international bodies on GAA themes

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Annex III: ILO Conventions

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This Baseline is interactive 1 Girls Advocacy Alliance - Baseline

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1. Methodology 1.1 INTRODUCTION

For the Girls Advocacy Alliance a baseline study was executed by Ecorys. However, the international component of the GAA was left out of this Ecorys report. We have conducted a â&#x20AC;&#x153;light touchâ&#x20AC;? baseline for the international component as an addition to the overall Ecorys report in order to be able to monitor progress at the end of the GAA programme. This baseline will not be published publicly, but it will be shared with the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs as donor of the GAA. In this chapter we begin with a description of the methodological approach as designed in the inception phase and the experiences and limitations encountered during its implementation.

1.2 DATA-COLLECTION

This baseline is executed by using desk research and by sending out a survey amongst the CSOs contracted in the 10 GAA countries. We have taken into account the international accountability mechanisms, which we subdivide into human rights mechanisms (CRC, CEDAW and UPR) and MDG/SDG-processes.

All Girls Advocacy Alliance (GAA) countries have ratified the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW). The GAA-countries are under review of the reporting cycles of these treaties and of the Universal Periodic Review (UPR). Furthermore, all GAA-countries have signed the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (SDGs).

Human Rights Mechanisms The human rights mechanisms that this baseline refers to are limited to three mechanisms: The Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) and the Universal Periodic Review (UPR). The UPR was started in 2008, and began its third cycle in May 2017. This means that all countries have undergone review under the UPR at least two times (with Bangladesh, India and the Netherlands having already undergone their third review at the time publication of this baseline report). For the purpose of this report, the first two cycles of the UPR have been analyzed, as well as the last two cycles of reviews for CRC and CEDAW have been used. Please note, there are countries whose latest report is still pending, and have therefore not undergone their latest cycle of review. However, for the purpose of comparison, the last two reviews have been analyzed.

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CRC: last two reviews for each country

CEDAW: last two reviews for each country

2009 and 2013

70th session (2015) & 51st session (2009)

65th session (2016) & 48th session (2010)

Ethiopia

2009 and 2014

69th session (2015) & 43rd session (2006)

49th session (2011) & 30th (2004)

Ghana

2008 and 2012

69th session (2015) & 41st session (2006)

59th session (2014) & 36th (2006)

India

2008 and 2012

66th session (2014) & 35th session (2004)

58th session (2014) & 37th session (2010)

Kenya

2010 and 2015

71st session (2016) & 44th session (2007)

68th session (2017) & 48th session (2011)

Liberia

2010 and 2015

61st session (2012) & 36th session (2004)

62nd session (2015) & 44th session (2009)

Nepal

2011 and 2015

72nd session (2016) & 39th session (2005)

49th session (2011) & 30th session (2004)

Country

UPR: 2008-2016 (1st & 2nd cycle)

Bangladesh

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CRC: last two reviews for each country

CEDAW: last two reviews for each country

2008 and 2012

69th session (2015) & 50th session (2009)

65th session (2016) & 45th session (2010)

Philippines

2008 and 2012

52nd session (2009) & 39th session (2005)

64th session (2016) & 36th session (2006)

Sierra Leone

2011 and 2016

73rd session (2016) & 48th session (2008)

57th session (2014) & 38th session (2007)

Uganda

2011 and 2016

47th session (2005) & 16th session (1997)

47th session (2010) & Exceptional session (2002)

Country

UPR: 2008-2016 (1st & 2nd cycle)

Netherlands

Sustainable Development Goals The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were adopted by the UN General Assembly (UNGA) in September 2015. The previous Millennium Development Goals cannot serve as a baseline, as they consisted of merely eight goals that both focused solely on development/ poverty eradication. The goals and the accountability framework lacked a sense of interlinkage between one another. Also, reporting was voluntary, similar to the SDGs. Conversely, the SDGs are intended to be an inclusive set of seventeen goals that combine the three dimensions of sustainable development (environment, economics, and society) and their interlinkages. The SDGs are universal in their application. That is, all 193 Member States agreed to implement the SDGs, and to report on their progress. Furthermore, the SDGs consist of 169 targets and 230 indicators, that serve as a monitoring and accountability framework.

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The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) also include measures to make these goals a reality – called the Follow-Up and Review mechanisms. Specifically, the 2030 Agenda calls on member states to “conduct regular and inclusive reviews of progress at the national and sub-national levels, which are country-led and country driven” (paragraph 79). These mechanisms form the basis for the annual reviews of all seventeen SDGs, undertaken by the High-level Political Forum (HLPF), the UN’s central platform for follow-up and review of the 2030 agenda.

The ECOSOC HLPF meets every year in July under the auspices of the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC). Within ECOSOC, the Forum serves as an annual follow-up and review of the 2030 Agenda and the SDGs. From 2016-2019, the Forum addresses specific SDGs and the respective accountability frameworks within SDG seventeen, to “Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the Global Partnership for Sustainable Development,” is discussed every year.

Every four years, the HLPF is held under the auspices of the General Assembly. The General Assembly then sets the Agenda, comprised of a theme and corresponding SDGs, for the next four years. The themes and corresponding SDGs for the first four years of review are: 2016: “Ensuring that no one is left behind.” General review of all SDGs, including SDG 17.

2017: “Eradicating poverty and promoting prosperity in a changing world,” and SDGs 1, 2, 3, 5, 9, 14, and 17.

2018: “Transformation towards sustainable and resilient societies.” SDGs 6, 7, 11, 12, 15, and 17.

2019: “Empowering people and ensuring inclusiveness and equality.” SDGs 4, 8, 10, 13, 16, and 17.

2016 was the first year that countries submitted Voluntary National Reviews (VNR). Therefore, the VNRs from 2016 tend to be minimally detailed. With each year, the VNRs should improve in their quality of reporting)1.

1 DESA has released a 2018 VNR guideline that is more precise with regards to the content and structure of the VNRs. However, the VNR remains voluntary down to the structure. (i.e., DESA cannot actually impose a strict reporting format).

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ILO Conventions We have also conducted a mapping of ILO Conventions that are relevant to the GAA-issues.

These are: 2 °° C138 - Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (no. 138) Convention concerning Minimum Age for Admission to Employment - Entry into force: 19 Jun 1976) 3 °° C182 - Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (no. 182) Convention concerning the Prohibition and Immediate Action for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour (Entry into force: 19 Nov 2000) 4 °° C189 - Domestic Workers Convention, 2011 (no. 189) Convention concerning decent work for domestic workers (Entry into force: 05 Sep 2013) Of these conventions we have checked whether or not a GAA-country has signed and/or ratified and whether or not they have reported. Also we have mapped what the minimum age for labour is in the GAA-countries and listed direct requests regarding GAA-issues. The results can be found in annex III. GAA-issues This research also monitors if GAA-issues have been monitored in these international accountability mechanisms. These issues are: Child Marriage, Female Genital Mutilation, Trafficking, Sexual Violence and Abuse, Commercial Sexual Exploitation, Access to Post-primary Education and TVET, Decent Work and Female Entrepreneurship.

Gender Based Violence Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children (CSEC)

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Child Trafficking (CT) Child Marriage

Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) Child Labour Sexual Violence & Abuse

Economic Exclusion Post-primary Education & Vocational Training Decent Work Female Entrepreneurship/Business

1.3 METHODOLOGICAL CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS

During the research there were several challenges. For reporting to CRC and CEDAW, the number of alternative reports for the session (not pre-session) uploaded onto the OHCHR website is used. Confidential reports are not uploaded and occasionally reports may not be uploaded for other reasons, such as late submission5. Therefore, the number of alternative reports published online doesn’t necessarily reflect the total number of submissions made.

Another issue is that the reporting on the SDGs was not yet worked out in detail when we started working on this baseline. Moreover, States are not obliged to report every year6. Therefore the content of the VNRs is not bound by a stringent set of criteria, which gives the VNR a rather subjective character with regards to the themes that are being brought up. As such, for instance, not all GAA-themes were discussed in all of the documents, which meant that information was not always available. Secondly, the available information was not uniform. As a consequence, comparing the documents and deducting conclusions became a complex matter, e.g. comparing between countries and across time.

In conclusion, we experienced difficulty in assessing implementation or follow-up of states of recommendations of the international accountability mechanisms.

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http://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO::P12100_ILO_CODE:C138 http://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO:12100:P12100_ILO_CODE:C182 http://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO:12100:P12100_ILO_CODE:C189 http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Countries/Pages/HumanRightsintheWorld.aspx Nine out of the 11 GAA-countries have submitted a VNR in 2016 or 2017. Ghana and Liberia did not yet submit a report.

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1.4 FILTERED PICTURE

The baseline is based on the State reports that were handed in to the United Nations and other official documents like National Development Plans. The statements made in these documents are used in the baseline and presented as a true representation of the policy and implementation process of the themes. This is a bit like what minister Ploumen declared during the Voluntary National Review presentation of The Netherlands at the High Level Political Forum in 2017 : â&#x20AC;&#x153;we all present selfies here, but we should be looking at pictures without filtersâ&#x20AC;?. It is up to CSOs and stakeholder alliances such as the GAA to bring forward evidence-based data and lived realities to the international stages. That way we can lift the filters and have realistic snapshots of a country presented at the United Nations in future review rounds.

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2. COUNTRY ASSESSMENTS WITHIN UN ACCOUNTABILITY PROCEDURES

2.1. Bangladesh

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Human Rights Mechanisms Bangladesh has ratified the CRC and CEDAW, as well as the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography and Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict. However, it has not ratified the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on a communications procedure.

The country has a total of four reservations to CRC, CEDAW and the Optional Protocols that they signed and ratified. The reservations are to the following articles: °° CRC Article 14(1): “States Parties shall respect the right of the child to freedom of thought, conscience and religion”. °° CRC Article 21: “States Parties that recognize and/or permit the system of adoption shall ensure that the best interests of the child shall be the paramount consideration and they shall”: A Ensure that the adoption of a child is authorized only by competent authorities who determine, in accordance with applicable law and procedures and on the basis of all pertinent and reliable information, that the adoption is permissible in view of the child's status concerning parents, relatives and legal guardians and that, if required, the persons concerned have given their informed consent to the adoption on the basis of such counselling as may be necessary; B Recognize that inter-country adoption may be considered as an alternative means of child's care, if the child cannot be placed in a foster or an adoptive family or cannot in any suitable manner be cared for in the child's country of origin; C Ensure that the child concerned by intercountry adoption enjoys safeguards and standards equivalent to those existing in the case of national adoption; D Take all appropriate measures to ensure that, in intercountry adoption, the placement does not result in improper financial gain for those involved in it; E Promote, where appropriate, the objectives of the present article by concluding bilateral or multilateral arrangements or agreements, and endeavour, within this framework, to ensure that the placement of the child in another country is carried out by competent authorities or organs''. °° CEDAW Article 2: “States Parties condemn discrimination against women in all its forms, agree to pursue by all appropriate means and without delay a policy of eliminating discrimination against women and, to this end, undertake”. °° CEDAW Article 16(1)(c): ”States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to eliminate discrimination against women in all matters relating to marriage and family relations and in particular shall ensure, on a basis of equality of men and women: (c) The same rights and responsibilities during marriage and at its dissolution.”

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Reporting and # of shadow reports7 The reports for CRC, CEDAW and UPR were all handed in on time. Which means that the country handed six out of six reports in on time. For the 70th session of the CRC, nine shadow-reports were submitted. There was no information available for the 51st session of the CRC. Thirteen shadow-reports were submitted for the 65th session for CEDAW and seven shadow-reports were submitted for the 48th CEDAW session. For the first UPR CSOs submitted seventeen shadow-reports and for the second UPR 27 shadow-reports were submitted. For the second UPR three CSO consultations have taken place, for the other five reports this is unknown.

GAA-issues With regards to addressing GAA-issues in the mentioned reports the following can be said: °° Commercial and Sexual Exploitation (CSEC) was discussed by Bangladesh in their report for the 70th and 51st session of the CRC and mentioned in their report for the first UPR. The topic did not come up in the text of the other reports. th °° Sexual violence was discussed in the report for the 70 CRC session, mentioned in the st th th report for the 51 CRC session, 65 and 48 CEDAW session and the first UPR. This topic was not available in the second UPR report. °° Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) was neither mentioned nor discussed in the reports. Compared to the other countries in this research, Bangladesh is no exception in not mentioning or discussing FGM/C. °° Child trafficking and child marriage are mentioned in all reports, and are further discussed in the two CRC reports. °° PPE and decent work are both mentioned in all reports, and discussed further in the two CRC reports and the two CEDAW reports. °° Female entrepreneurship is not mentioned in the CRC reports, but is mentioned in the two UPR reports and discussed further in the two CEDAW reports.

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Progress Based on the reports that are reviewed for this baseline it can be said that Bangladesh improved on several of the issues discussed in the reports mentioned above. The two topics in which we might speak of progress are child trafficking and decent work. Moreover, the same can be said with regards to the Children's Act, the Domestic Violence (protection and prevention) act and rules.

The progress and follow up in Bangladesh was done via different mechanisms. In the combined third and fourth periodic report, the government informs of an Inter-Ministerial CRC Standing Committee responsible for reporting, however the fifth periodic report does not mention such committee. The last two reports were prepared by the Ministry of Women and Children Affairs, and no reference to a national mechanism can be identified. For both UPR reports it is unclear which institution is responsible for the follow-up. It seems that this is conducted on an ad-hoc basis.

Sustainable Development Goals Bangladesh reported their progress in 2017 during the High Level Political Forum (HLPF) in their Voluntary National Review8. There is not yet a national action plan for the implementation of the SDGs, but this is being developed and will be finished soon according to the government.

Contrary to the guidance on VNRs - in which all SDGs are to be reported on - the Bangladesh government chose instead to focus on the 2017 HLPF Theme and SDGs under review (one, two, three, five, nine, fourteen, and seventeen). The lengthy section on SDG 5 does, however, tie-in several GAA themes, including: Education (loosely, Targets 5.1 and 5.5), Health, specifically SRHR, (Target 5.6); Economic Empowerment, (Targets 5.4, 5.5, and 5.a), and Child Marriage (Target 5.3).

7 For reporting to CRC and CEDAW, the number of alternative reports for the session (not pre-session) uploaded onto the OHCHR website is used. Confidential reports are not uploaded and occasionally reports may not be uploaded for other reasons, such as late submission. Therefore, the number of alternative reports published online doesn’t necessarily reflect the total number of submissions made.

8 https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/15826Bangladesh.pdf

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The VNR submitted by the Bangladesh government also lists several gaps to achieving SDG 5, including: °° Bringing parity in wage rate for women; °° Violence against women; °° Preventing child marriage; 9 °° Ensuring conducive workplace environment for women ; The Bangladesh government commits to end marriage for children under the age of 15 by 2021 and under the age of eighteen by 2041. It has also drafted a specific National Plan of Action on Ending Child Marriage.

Furthermore, in accordance with SDG 17, the government plans to develop “institutional mechanisms to regularly engage with NGOs, CSOs, Businesses, Development Partners, marginalized segment of the society, professional groups, labour associations, women network, media, and Major Group and Other Stakeholders.”

Bangladesh has developed a seventh Five Year Strategic plan10. The publication of the seventh FYP coincided with the launch of the SDGs in 2015+. Since the SDGs/2030 Agenda weren’t put into action until January 2016, it is no wonder there is no mention of the SDGs in the seventh FYP. The framework for the seventh FYP was created with a national consultation with multiple stakeholders, including CSOs. The final review results were also validated with multiple stakeholders, including CSOs.

2.2. Ethiopia <

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Human Rights Mechanisms Ethiopia has ratified the CRC and CEDAW, as well as the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography and Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict. It did not ratify Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography and the Optional Protocol for CEDAW. From the conventions and protocols that it did sign and ratify, the only reservation is Article 29(1) from the CEDAW convention (a non-substantive/procedural Article regarding arbitration of disputes between States).

9 “Eradicating poverty and promoting prosperity in a changing world: Voluntary National Review (VNR), 2017.“ Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh. July 2017. Pg. 26. Online at: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/ documents/15826Bangladesh.pdf 10 “Seventh Year Five-Year Plan, FY2016-2020: Accelerating Growth, Empowering Citizens.” Online at: http://www.lged.gov. bd/UploadedDocument/UnitPublication/1/322/11.%207th%20Five%20Year%20Plan(Final%20Draft).pdf

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Reporting and # of shadow reports11 Ethiopia submitted three out of six reports on time. They were late for the reports on the 43rd session of the CRC and both CEDAW sessions. A total of 50 shadow-reports were submitted for the six sessions. Four reports were submitted for the 69th CRC session, but information about the number of shadow-reports for the 43rd CRC session was not available. Four shadow-reports were submitted for the 49th CEDAW session and zero publicly available shadow-reports, due to safety reasons, for the 36th session. The first UPR session had twenty shadow-reports and there were 22 shadow-reports for the second UPR. It is unknown if any of these six reports have had room for consultations with CSO’s.

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GAA-issues With regards to addressing GAA-issues in the mentioned reports the following can be said: th °° CSEC was discussed twice: in the 69 session for CRC and the second UPR. It was mentioned in the report for the 43rd session for CRC and the 49th session for the CEDAW. It was not mentioned in the first UPR and the report for the 30th CEDAW. th °° Sexual violence and abuse was discussed in the report for 69 session of CRC and rd mentioned in the second UPR and the report of the 43 session of CRC and the 49th session of CEDAW. Sexual violence and abuse was not mentioned in the first UPR report. rd th °° FGM/C was discussed in the report for the 43 session of CRC and the 49 for the CEDAW and in the first UPR. It was mentioned in the second UPR and the report for the 69th session for CRC. There was no mention of FGM/C in the report for CEDAW's 30th session. °° Child trafficking was mentioned in all reports except the first UPR report. It was further discussed in both the reports for the CRC and the CEDAW report for the 30th session. It was also discussed in the second UPR and mentioned in the report for the 30th session of the CEDAW. th °° Child marriages are mentioned in all reports except for the report for the 30 CEDAW th convention. It was further discussed in the report for the 49 CEDAW convention. th °° PPE was also discussed in all reports except for the report for the 30 session of the CEDAW. It was further discussed in the report for the 69th session for CRC, the 49th session for CEDAW and both UPR reports. th °° Decent work was mentioned in all reports except for the report for the 30 CEDAW convention. The only report which discussed the issue further was the report for the 49th session of CEDAW. °° Female entrepreneurship was not discussed in any of the reports, but was mentioned in the report for the 49th CEDAW session and the second UPR report.

Progress There seems to be a positive development on the topics of CSEC, sexual violence and abuse, FGM/C and child trafficking according to the report for the 69th session for CRC. The 49th report for CEDAW points to six topics that might indicate progression: sexual violence and abuse, FGM/C, child trafficking, child marriage, PPE and decent work. This development was tracked via multiple mechanisms. For the joint fourth and fifth report of CRC, an ad-hoc, inter-ministerial taskforce, led by MOWCYA was created. In the third report, there is no mention of a mechanism.

For CEDAW, there was no mention of a mechanism in the joint sixth and seventh report, nor in the joint fourth and fifth. The first UPR reports were prepared within ad-hoc drafting committees for treaty body reports. For the second cycle of the UPR an ad-hoc team of mid-level officials was organized by the National Human Rights Steering Committee for the preparation of report.

Sustainable Development Goals Ethiopia presented a Voluntary National Review in 2017 during the High Level Political Forum12.

For goal five, the VNR states that major implementation strategies in the Women Policy and Strategies of the government include elimination of harmful traditional practices like Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) and childhood marriage, female youths have the right to get admission to any educational institution of their choice at all levels, women-biased regulations are repealed and replaced by rules and regulations that promote benefits for women and traditional 11 For reporting to CRC and CEDAW, the number of alternative reports for the session (not pre-session) uploaded onto the OHCHR website is used. Confidential reports are not uploaded and occasionally reports may not be uploaded for other reasons, such as late submission. Therefore, the number of alternative reports published online doesn’t necessarily reflect the total number of submissions made.

12 https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/16437Ethiopia.pdf

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anti-women perceptions are removed progressively. There has been established an office for guiding and implementing womenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s affairs at a ministerial rank level. Womenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s affairs work processes have been instituted in all government executive organs at the level of departments.

Women affairs are incorporated into the development plans under the categories of cross-cutting sectors. One of the implementation methods of the GTP II is that of ensuring the growing participation of women and youth. Affirmative action pertaining to increase participation of women and women instructors have been effected. The VNR also acknowledges that abolishing harmful traditions, those pertaining to ensuring equality of women encountered challenges.

Limitations existed among government institutions at all management levels in providing the essential support, and capacitating womenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s organizations and development teams.

Male-biased attitudinal behaviors and practices exist in every section of the society which needs to be addressed.

The VNR offers both gender- and age- disaggregated data on the specific SDGs under review in 2017: SDG 1 (some gender, no age-disaggregated data), SDG 2 (none), SDG 3 (age- and gender-disaggregated data), SDG 4 (gender-disaggregated), SDG 5 (gender-, but no age-disaggregated data), SDG 6 (none), SDG 14 (none), and SDG 17 (none)13.

The Ethiopian VNR was composed using both representatives from CSOs and youth advocates.

It is unclear whether the youth advocates were actually Ethiopian youth themselves.

The government of Ethiopia has not developed a specific SDG-implementation plan, but it has integrated the SDGs in its 2 Five Year Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP II)14 spanning the period 2015/2016 - 2019/2020, in the same way it did for the MDGs. The specific SDGs were not mentioned in the GTP II, but policies were proposed on the topics of these specific goals. There are policies proposed to improve the standing in Ethiopia of SDGs 4, 5 ,8 and 16.

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According to the government, the formulation of the GTPII has also passed through broad based consultation processes with relevant stakeholders at both regional and federal levels. This has been done in order to enrich its content and forge national ownership of the plan. Subsequently, the final version of the plan was approved by the council of ministers and endorsed the Parliament to guide development endeavors in the country during the next five years, 2015/162019/20. Consultations and debates will be conducted among political parties including those that do not have parliamentary seats, to facilitate their contribution to the development and democratization process of the country. Similarly media, both print and electronic, will organize consultation platforms with the government. Thereby their role in the strengthening and realization of democracy and good governance will be ascertained. Furthermore, during GTP II period, supportive activities will be undertaken to enhance the role of civil societies, charities and professional associations to strengthen the democratization and development processes.

According to the VNR, three conferences were organized at which there was opportunity for CSOs to comment on the GTP II.

13 ''There is a dual issue at hand: (1) The SDG framework itself is flawed with regards to gender-and age-disaggregated indictators. Only around the obvious SDGs (3, 4, 5) are there several gender- and age- disaggregated indicators.

Conversely, SDGs that deal with the sustainability side lack gender- and age- disaggregated indicators. Therefore, if these indicators do not exist, member states almost cannot be faulted for not reporting on them through that genderand age- disaggregated lens. (2) Member States may not report on indicators that are gender- and age- disaggregated.

14 If data is not collected on girls - specifically adolescent girls- then, many of the GAA issues will not be accounted for.

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2.3. Ghana

Human Rights Mechanisms Ghana has ratified the CRC and CEDAW, as well as the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict. It has not ratified the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography. Ghana has not ratified, nor signed the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on a communications procedure. The optional protocol for CEDAW was both ratified and signed. Ghana has no reservations on the signed conventions.

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Reporting and # of shadow reports15 Ghana submitted three out of six reports on time. They were late for the reports on the 41th session of the CRC and both CEDAW sessions. A total of 30 shadow-reports were submitted for the six sessions. five shadow-reports were submitted for the 69th session of CRC and five reports were submitted for the 59th CEDAW session. There were nine shadow-reports submitted for the first UPR and eleven for the second UPR. For the 59th session of CEDAW CSOs were consulted, for the other five reports this does not become clear from the published documentation.

GAA-issues With regards to addressing GAA-issues in the mentioned reports the following can be said: th °° CSEC was mentioned in the report for the 36 session of CEDAW and further discussed in both reports for CRC. °° Sexual Violence and Abuse was mentioned in all reports and discussed in both CRC reports. st °° FGM/C was also mentioned in all reports and further discussed in the report for the 41 th CRC session, the 49 session for CEDAW and first UPR report. °° Child trafficking was also mentioned in all reports. It was discussed more in both the CRC reports and the report for the 36th CEDAW session.

Child marriage was discussed in the first UPR report and the report for the 36th session of °° CEDAW and mentioned in all other reports. °° PPE was discussed and mentioned in all reports. Decent work was mentioned in all reports except the second UPR report, and was further discussed in both CEDAW reports and the first UPR report. th °° Female entrepreneurship specifically is mentioned in the report for the 69 session of CRC th th and the report for the 59 session of CEDAW. In the report of the 36 session of CEDAW female entrepreneurship is discussed more in depth.

Progress According to the 69th CEDAW session report, we might be able to ascertain progress was made on the topic of child trafficking and decent work, compared to the report for the 41st session.

Between the report for the 49th session and 59th session for CEDAW, it seems that progression was made on sexual violence and abuse, FGM/C and child trafficking. Follow up for the CRC was done via different mechanisms in the reports. The joint third-5th report of the CRC was prepared 15 “The Second Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP II), (2015/16-2019/20).” National Planning Commission, Ethiopia, September 2015. Addis Ababa. Online at: https://europa.eu/capacity4dev/file/30510/download?token=efsF8UiP

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by the Information Research and Advocacy Division (IRAD) of the Department of Children. The second periodic report contains no mention of a mechanism. For CEDAW it is unclear in the joint sixth and seventh report who carries out follow-ups, but there was a lead consultant. The joint third to fifth report was prepared by the National Council on Women and Development, seemingly a standing part of its mandate. The first cycle of the UPR mentioned no mechanism.

The second cycle was prepared by the Ministry of Justice and the Attorney General’s Department.

Sustainable Development Goals Ghana has not produced a Voluntary National Review in either 2016 or 2017. However, the Ghanaian government shared its growth and development agenda II (GSGDA II16) that does mention the SDGs as part of the goals that they want to reach with this development program.

However, it does not mention any specific SDGs in their targets. The GSGDA II states the ambition to “strengthen institutional arrangements for enhancing the roles of CBOs and CSOs in advocacy”, but there is no specific policy in GSGDA II to promote the participation of CSOs in this way.

2.4. India

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Human Rights Mechanisms India has ratified the CRC and CEDAW, as well as the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography and the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict. It has not ratified, nor signed, the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on a communications procedure and the Optional Protocol for CEDAW. India has one reservation to the conventions that they signed, which is article 29(1) from CEDAW17.

Reporting and # of shadow reports18 Both CRC and CEDAW reports were handed in late, but both UPR reports were on time. A total of 116 shadow-reports was submitted for the six reports that are discussed in this research.

51 of those shadow-reports accompanied the second UPR report, 37 were published with the first UPR report. The report for the 66th session of the CRC was accompanied by eleven shadow-reports, but there was no information available for the 35th session. The report for 58th CEDAW session had seventeen shadow-reports and no shadow-reports were submitted for the 47th report.

16 http://www.un-page.org/files/public/gsgda.pdf 17 CEDAW, Article 29, 1.: Any dispute between two or more States Parties concerning the interpretation or application of the present Convention which is not settled by negotiation shall, at the request of one of them, be submitted to arbitration. If within six months from the date of the request for arbitration the parties are unable to agree on the organization of the arbitration, any one of those parties may refer the dispute to the International Court of Justice by request in conformity with the Statute of the Court.

18 For reporting to CRC and CEDAW, the number of alternative reports for the session (not pre-session) uploaded onto the OHCHR website is used. Confidential reports are not uploaded and occasionally reports may not be uploaded for other reasons, such as late submission. Therefore, the number of alternative reports published online doesn’t necessarily reflect the total number of submissions made.

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GAA-issues With regards to addressing GAA-issues in the mentioned reports the following can be said: °° CSEC was mentioned in all six reports except the first UPR report. It was discussed further in the second UPR report, the report for the 37th session of CEDAW and the 66th session of CRC. °° Sexual violence and abuse was discussed in all reports, except both of the UPR reports. °° FGM/C is not mentioned or discussed in any of the six reports. °° Child trafficking was discussed in all reports except the first UPR, where it was only shortly mentioned. °° Child marriage was mentioned in all reports and discussed further in both CRC and both CEDAW reports. °° PPE was discussed in every report, except for both PR reports. °° Decent work was mentioned in all reports. th °° Female entrepreneurship was mentioned in the report for the 35 session on CRC and discussed in both CEDAW reports.

Progress Between the 35th and 66th session on CRC, it can be concluded that a shift was made in India on CSEC, sexual abuse and violence and Child trafficking. Between the 58th and 37th session on CEDAW, the same as former issues might be said with regards to the GAA-issues sexual abuse and violence, child trafficking, decent work and female entrepreneurship. The information and tracking of the progress for the CRC reports was seemingly prepared by the MOWCD for the joint third and fourth , details are unknown. No mechanism is mentioned in the second report.

For CEDAW, no mechanism is mentioned in the joint fourth and fifth report, nor in the second and third report. The same is true for both UPR cycles, where no mechanism is mentioned.

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Sustainable Development Goals India took part in the Voluntary National Review in 2017 during the High Level Political Forum19.

The National Institute for Transforming India had consultations with CSOs in preparation for the VNR. CSOs have been participating in the implementation of the SDGs and have also helped to infor the population about the global goals.

India only reported on the SDGs under review in the thematic area of 2017 (i.e., SDGs 1, 2, 4, 5, 9, 14, and 17). According to the Indian VNR, there are programs being installed to promote the ability of girls to go to school and for women to increase their participation in the workforce.

However, with only one paragraph on the entire goal, there is very limited detailed information on the policies that are being implemented. Goals 4, 8 and 16 are not mentioned in the VNR. The national development plan in India, Vision 2020, was published in 2002 and therefore did not incorporate any of the SDG targets yet. The Indian state also works with five-year planning, but the twelfth five-year plan was created in 2012 and therefore did not yet incorporate the SDGs.

19 https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/16693India.pdf

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2.5. Kenya

Human Rights Mechanisms Kenya has ratified both CEDAW and CRC, but they have ratified only one optional protocol, which is the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict. For this Optional Protocol, CEDAW and CRC, no reservations were made.

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Reporting and # of shadow reports20 Four out of six of the reports for the most recent UPR, CEDAW and CRC were on time. The reports for the 44th session for CRC and 68th session for CEDAW were late. A total of 59 shadowreports were produced. For the 71st session of CEDAW, eight shadow-reports were submitted.

The information for the 44th CRC was not available. Three Shadow-reports were submitted for the 68th session for CEDAW and five for the 48th session. The first UPR was accompanied by nineteen shadow-reports, and the second UPR had 24 shadow-reports. It is unknown if there have been CSO consultations in preparation of these six reports.

GAA-issues With regards to addressing GAA-issues in the mentioned reports, the following can be said: °° CSEC was mentioned in all reports except the second UPR report. It was discussed further in both the 71st and 44th CRC report. th °° Sexual violence was mentioned in all reports and discussed further in both the 68 and 48th CEDAW report. °° FGM/C was discussed in both CRC and CEDAW reports. It was mentioned in the second UPR report. It was not mentioned in the first UPR report. °° Child trafficking was mentioned in all reports and discussed in both CRC reports and the 48th CEDAW report. °° Child marriage was discussed in all reports except the first UPR report. Child marriage was further discussed in both CRC reports. th °° PPE was mentioned in all reports. It was discussed in the 44 CRC report and both CEDAW reports. °° Decent work is discussed in all reports, except for the first UPR report where it was only mentioned shortly. °° Female entrepreneurship was not mentioned in either one of the CRC reports, but it was mentioned in the 68th CEDAW report and the UPR report. It was further discussed in the 48th CEDAW report. There was no mention of female entrepreneurship in the first UPR report.

20 For reporting to CRC and CEDAW, the number of alternative reports for the session (not pre-session) uploaded onto the OHCHR website is used. Confidential reports are not uploaded and occasionally reports may not be uploaded for other reasons, such as late submission. Therefore, the number of alternative reports published online doesn’t necessarily reflect the total number of submissions made.

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Progress The recommendations that have been made made in the 44th CRC report were taken into account on the topics of Sexual Violence and abuse, Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting and Child Marriage. Between the 48th and 68th CEDAW reports, it seems that no recommendations were taken into account to any of the topics. For the follow-up for the CRC no mechanism or lead ministry was mentioned in the joint third or fifth report. For the second report, it appears that an ad-hoc team from different ministries and stakeholders was formed. For the CEDAW reports the eight periodic report was prepared by the Gender Directorate in the Ministry of Devolution and Planning. The seventh was prepared by the Ministry of Women Gender and Social Development. For the first UPR cycle, the process was spearheaded by the Multi-Stakeholders National Advisory Consultative Committee on Kenya’s International Human Rights Obligations and coordinated by the Ministry of Justice, National Cohesion and Constitutional Affairs. The Office of the Attorney General and the Department of Justice (OAG &DOJ) is responsible for the coordination, preparation and follow-up of the second review.

Sustainable Development Goals Kenya participated in the Voluntary National Review for the High Level Political Forum in 2017 to review their progress on SDG implementation.21 According to the government, consultation with CSOs through engagement with stakeholders was an important component of te review. Civil Society Organizations had the ability to comment on the draft version of the VNR, and a forum was organized to give CSOs the opportunity to comment further. A representative of CSOs was part of the drafting team as well, which consolidated the inputs of various actors.

Youth was treated as a special interest group. As part of a special interest group, youth had the ability to contribute to the VNR. The National Youth Council is mentioned as one of the representatives of youth22. It seems like youth is part of the organizations' decision-making process, but it is unclear if the representative to the government is under the age of eighteen.

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The VNR discusses all seventeen goals and the progress that Kenya has made so far. Under SDG 4, the Kenyan Goverment mentions, for example, "The implementation of the Digital Literacy Programme (ICT Integration in Primary Education) which aims for the integration of ICT in teaching and learning for pupils in primary schools has had a strong take-off(...)" and they note several challenges that can be used as advocacy points: e.g., "i. High costs of sustaining the financing of Free Primary Education (FPE) and free tuition education for secondary education;(...)"

The chapter on the goal of empowerment of women and girls, SDG 5, mentions several strategies the government is using to reach this goal by 2030. They plan to both change laws and to build the capacity of women and girls to participate in politics. Furthermore, a stateline specifically for GBV is instated that can be called 24/7 to receive help in cases of violence. Furthermore, the government uses multiple affirmative action projects to give women access to funds in order to start enterprises.

The chapter on the goal of sustainable and inclusive economic growth, SDG 8, mentions several strategies that the government is using to reach this goal. The government is educating youth to increase their ability to find a technical job. Furthermore, social cash transfers continue to be used as a social safety net and laws are used to increase the access to financial credit for all people to financial credit. Furthermore, an increasing number of Kenyan businesses are domesticating the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights.

The national development plan of Kenya, “Vision 2030”, was released in 2008. Given that this was nearly seven years before the release of the SDGs, no mention is made of the Global Goals.

Vision 2030 also does not mention any participation of CSOs in the development of the program.

However, according to the VNR, all development programs have to go through consultations with relevant stakeholders as stated in the Kenyan constitution. The last MDG report, published in 2013, did not mention any participation of CSOs in the creation of the report.

In 2018 a Medium Term Plan (MTP III) will be released. This is a more detailed form of the national development plan. Currently, this plan is still being developed. There is a bit of a delay caused by the election process in 2017.

21 “Implementation of the Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development in Kenya.” Kenyan Ministry of Devolution and Planning. June 2017. Online at: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/15689Kenya.pdf 22 https://www.facebook.com/YouthCouncilKe/

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2.6. Liberia

Human Rights Mechanisms Liberia has ratified both CEDAW and CRC, as well as the second CRC optional protocol and the CEDAW optional protocol. Liberia signed the first optional protocol of CRC, but did not yet ratify it. The country did not sign or ratify the third optional protocol of CRC23. The government made no reservations to any of the protocols that they signed and ratified.

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Reporting and # of shadow reports24 A total of three out of six reports measured in this baseline were submitted on time. The 36th CRC and the 44th CEDAW report were submitted after the deadline. For the first UPR it is unknown. A total of seven shadow-reports were produced for the six official reports produced by the government of Liberia. Two reports were submitted for the 61st CRC report. There was no information for the 36th CRC report. One shadow-report was submitted for the report of the 44th session of CEDAW and four shadow-reports were submitted for the session of the 62nd CEDAW meeting. For the second UPR, eights hadow-reports were submitted. This is unknown for the first UPR. Consultations with CSOs were conducted for the 62nd session for CEDAW. It is unclear whether CSOs were consulted for the other reports.

GAA-issues With regards to addressing GAA-issues in the mentioned reports the following can be said: °° CSEC was only discussed in the report for the the 44th CEDAW session and it was mentioned in the report of the 36th session of CRC and the second UPR report. °° Sexual violence and abuse has been discussed in all six reports. This is noteworthy since Liberia seems the only country in this respect. °° Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting was mentioned in both CRC reports. It was discussed in the report for the 44th session of CEDAW, but not mentioned in the report for the 62nd session of CEDAW. It was not mentioned in the first UPR report either, but it was discussed in the second URP report. st °° Child trafficking was discussed in all reports, except the report for the 61 session of CRC, which merely mentioned the topic. °° Child marriage was discussed in both reports for the CRC sessions. The report for the 62nd session of CEDAW mentioned the topic, and it was discussed in the report for the 44th session of CEDAW. There was no mention of child marriage in the first UPR report, but it was discussed in the second report. st nd °° PPE was discussed in the report for the 61 session of CRC and the report for the 62 session of CEDAW. It was mentioned in the first UPR report and the report for the 36th session of CRC. There was no mention of PPE in the other reports.

23 The first optional protocol to CRC is on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography; the second is on the involvement of children in armed conflict and the third is on a communications procedure.

24 For reporting to CRC and CEDAW, the number of alternative reports for the session (not pre-session) uploaded onto the OHCHR website is used. Confidential reports are not uploaded and occasionally reports may not be uploaded for other reasons, such as late submission. Therefore, the number of alternative reports published online doesn’t necessarily reflect the total number of submissions made.

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°° Decent work is discussed in both CRC reports and mentioned in both CEDAW reports. It is not discussed in the second UPR report, but it is mentioned in the first UPR report. °° Female entrepreneurship was not mentioned in either one of the CRC reports, but it was mentioned in both CEDAW reports.

Progress Between the 44th and the 62nd session of CEDAW, Sexual Vviolence and Abuse, FGM/C, Child Trafficking and PPE were included. Between the 36th and 61st session of CRC, there are indications of progress on Sexual Violence and Abuse and Child Marriage. The mechanism used to follow-up for CRC was an ad-hoc inter-ministerial committee for the second to the fourth report. There is no mention of a mechanism for the first report. The joint seventh and eight report of CEDAW was prepared by ad-hoc thematic working groups. The joint first to sixth was also prepared by ad-hoc working groups. For both cycles of the UPR review, the Human Rights Unit of the Ministry of Justice (MOJ) was responsible for leading the preparation of this report. The MOJ received support from the Human Rights Reporting Sub-committee, a body established under the National Human Rights Action Plan.

Sustainable Development Goals Liberia has not participated in the Voluntary National Report in either 2016 or 2017. It has not mentioned plans to participate in the VNR in 2018 either. However, the government has published an Agenda for Transformation as a national development plan. The Five Year National Development Plan was published in 2012, before the development of the SDGs. Therefore, the Global Goals are not yet integrated into the National Plan. The strategy from 2018 onwards is yet to be published. This plan was developed in consultation with among others, youth and student groups and other CSOs. Political party leaders, youth and student groups, religious groups, civil society organizations, government agencies, private sector and development partners, among others, were included in the consultations.

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2.7. Nepal

Human Rights Mechanisms Nepal has ratified both CEDAW and CRC, as well as the first and second optional protocol of the CRC. Moreover, it ratified the optional protocol of CEDAW. It did not ratify, nor sign, the third optional protocol. No reservations were made for the treaties and protocols that were signed25.

25 The first optional protocol to CRC is on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography; the second is on the involvement of children in armed conflict and the third is on a communications procedure.

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Reporting and # of shadow reports26 Three out of the six reports discussed in this baseline were submitted on time. Both CRC reports were late and the report for the 30th session of CEDAW was was delayed as well. A total of 89 shadow-reports were submitted to accompany these six reports. Fourteen Shadow-reports were submitted for the report for the 72nd session for the CRC. Information on the report for the 39th session of CRC was unavailable. There were no shadow-reports submitted for the report for the 30th session of CEDAW, but fifteen were submitted for the report for the 49th session.

There were twenty reports submitted for the first UPR report and 40 for the second report.

Consultations with CSOs were conducted for the 72nd CRC and the second UPR reports. It is unknown whether CSOs were consulted for either of the CEDAW reports.

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GAA-issues With regards to addressing GAA-issues in the mentioned reports the following can be said: °° CSEC was discussed in all reports, except the first UPR report which merely mentioned the topic. °° Sexual violence and abuse was discussed in both CRC reports and in the report for the 49th session on CEDAW. It was also discussed in the second UPR report and mentioned in all other reports. °° FGM/C was not discussed or mentioned in any of the reports. °° Child trafficking was discussed in all reports except the first UPR report. nd °° Child marriage was mentioned in the report for the 72 session of CRC and the second UPR report. It was not mentioned in the first UPR report, nor discussed in either one of the two CEDAW reports, or the report for the 39th session of CRC. PPE was mentioned in all reports, and discussed further in the report of the 30th session °° on CEDAW. °° Decent work was discussed in both CRC reports and mentioned in both CEDAW reports. It was not mentioned in the second UPR report, but it was discussed in the first UPR report. nd °° Female entrepreneurship was mentioned in both CEDAW reports, the report for the 72 session of CRC and the first UPR. It was not discussed in any of the reports.

Progress It could be said that progress has been made between the 39th and 72nd session of CRC regarding child marriage and decent work, The same goes for CSEC and child trafficking between the 30st session and 49th session of CEDAW. The follow-up was done by an ad-hoc drafting committee which was responsible for the third to fifth reports of CRC. The second report was prepared by the Ministry of Women, Children and Social Welfare. The joint fourth and fifth report of CEDAW contains no mention of any mechanism, or does the joint second and third. For both UPR reports a cross-sectoral committee was responsible for reporting.

Sustainable Development Goals Nepal participated in the Voluntary National Review for the High Level Political Forum in 201727.

The government formed a national level SDG Coordination and Implementation Committee and prepared the periodic national SDG report to present to the United Nations and other institutions. Civil society organizations have formed a SDG forum that cooperated with the national level SDG Coordination and Implementation Committee.

The Nepali government has been selective in its reporting - Nepal only reported on SDGs 1, 2, 3, 5, 9, 14, and 17. SDG 5 was discussed in the VNR, but no specific policy was mentioned. The discussion of SDG 5 was more of a discussion of the previous developments, rather than a proposal to develop new policy. The other SDGs relevant for GAA were not discussed in the VNR. The government has not translated the national development plan to English, which means there was no option to gather information about the policies proposed and whether SDGs were integrated into the national development program.

26 For reporting to CRC and CEDAW, the number of alternative reports for the session (not pre-session) uploaded onto the OHCHR website is used. Confidential reports are not uploaded and occasionally reports may not be uploaded for other reasons, such as late submission. Therefore, the number of alternative reports published online doesn’t necessarily reflect the total number of submissions made.

27 https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/1018nepalnationalreport.pdf

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2.8. Philippines

Human Rights Mechanisms The Philippines have ratified the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography and the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict.

However, they did not ratify nor sign the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on a communications procedure. They have also ratified the Optional Protocol of CEDAW. The Philippines had made no reservations to the protocols or conventions that they ratified.

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Reporting and # of shadow reports28 The six reports discussed in this baseline were submitted on time three out of six times. Both UPR reports were submitted on time. The same applies to the report for the 52nd session of CRC. A total of 74 shadow-reports were submitted for these six reports. 21 reports were submitted for the first UPR report and 42 were submitted for the second UPR report. The report for the 36th session of CEDAW had no accompanying shadow-reports. The report for the 64th session of CEDAW had eleven accompanying shadow-reports. There was no data available whether shadow-reports were submitted for the report for the 39th session of CRC and no shadow-reports were submitted for the report for the 52nd session of CRC. Consultations with CSOs were conducted for the 52nd session on the CRC and for the 36th session of CEDAW. For the other four reports it is unclear whether CSOs were consulted.

GAA-issues With regards to addressing GAA-issues in the mentioned reports the following can be said: °° CSEC was discussed in both CRC reports and both CEDAW reports. It was mentioned in the second UPR report, but there was no mention of CSEC in the first UPR report. th °° Sexual violence and abuse was discussed in all reports, except the report for the 64 session of CEDAW and the second UPR report. °° FGM/C was not mentioned in any of the reports. °° Child trafficking was discussed in all reports, except the first UPR report where it was merely mentioned. °° Child marriage was mentioned in all reports, except the report for the 36th session of CEDAW which had no mention of the topic. °° PPE was discussed in both CRC and both CEDAW reports, but was not mentioned nor discussed in the second UPR report and only mentioned in the first UPR report. °° Decent work was mentioned in both UPR and both CEDAW reports and discussed in both CRC reports. °° Female entrepreneurship was discussed in both CEDAW reports and mentioned in both CRC reports as well as the first UPR report. There was no mention of female entrepreneurship in the second UPR report.

28 For reporting to CRC and CEDAW, the number of alternative reports for the session (not pre-session) uploaded onto the OHCHR website is used. Confidential reports are not uploaded and occasionally reports may not be uploaded for other reasons, such as late submission. Therefore, the number of alternative reports published online doesn’t necessarily reflect the total number of submissions made.

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Progress Based on the reports it might be said that the Philippines made marginal progress on the topics between the 39th and the 52nd session of the CRC. Henceforth a positive change might be concluded with regards to the topic of Child trafficking between the 36th and the 64th session of CEDAW. There was no mention of a mechanism for follow-up in either the joint third and fourth report, or the second CDRC-report. The same goes for the joint seventh and eight report. The joint fifth and sixth reports were prepared by the National Commission on the Role of Filipino Women. Both UPR reports were prepared under the supervision of the Presidential Human Rights Committee Secretariat.

Sustainable Development Goals The Philippines participated in the Voluntary National Review for the High Level Political Forum in 201629. It was developed with input from CSOs during M&E sessions. However, there is no mention of any specific consultations with CSOs and the only consultations mentioned are ‘local and national consultations’.

The 2016 VNR of the Philippines was only three pages long. One goal mentioned in the VNR is “to acquaint CSOs in the child rights sector on the SDGs; build capacity of CSOs to advocate for child protection using the SDG framework.” For later VNRs, the government plans to organize follow-up consultations involving more government agencies, CSOs and private sector organizations in the review of SDG Indicators. There were no specific SDGs discussed that are relevant to the GAA themes. In general, the VNR focused on measurement, indicators and how data could be obtained for later reports.

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The national development plan of the Philippines was developed and approved in 2017. Different actors formed Plan Committees that met regularly and reported back to their respective agencies. In January 2017, the draft document was uploaded online for citizens to comment on.

The government states that it will install a national regulatory policy for a 'national consultation process'.

The government pays specific attention to SDG 16, and anti-corruption policy. It will introduce policies to inform citizens about anti-corruption laws and continue to implement integrity programs to enhance the ability of the government to combat corruption. The other three SDGs that GAA focusses on are not mentioned in the national development plan.

2.9. Sierra Leone

29 https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/1033philippines.pdf

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Human Rights Mechanisms Sierra Leone has ratified both the CEDAW and CRC, as well as signed and ratified the first and second optional protocol of CRC30. It has not ratified nor signed the third optional protocol of CRC or the optional protocol of CEDAW31. Sierra Leone made no reservation for the signed optional protocols and conventions.

Reporting and # of shadow reports32 Sierra Leone submitted two out of six reports on time. All CRC and CEDAW reports were delayed, whilst both UPR report were submitted on time. A total of 39 shadow-reports were produced for the six reports discussed in this baseline. Nineteen shadow-reports were produced for the first UPR report and sixteen shadow-reports were produced for the second UPR report. No reports were produced for the 38th session of the CEDAW and three were submitted for the 57th session of CEDAW. There was no information available for the 48th session of CRC and one report was produced for the 76th session of CRC. It is unknown whether CSOs were consulted for any of these six reports.

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GAA-issues With regards to addressing GAA-issues in the mentioned reports the following can be said: °° CSEC was discussed in both CRC reports, mentioned in both CEDAW reports, but not mentioned in either UPR report. °° Sexual Violence and Abuse was discussed in both CRC and CEDAW reports. It was discussed in the first UPR report and mentioned in the second UPR report. rd °° FGM/C was discussed in both CEDAW reports and the report for the 73 session of the CRC. It was mentioned in all other reports. °° Child trafficking was discussed in both CRC and CEDAW reports and mentioned in the first UPR report. It was not mentioned or discussed in the second UPR report. th °° Child marriage was discussed in both CRC reports and the report for the 38 session of th CEDAW. It was all mentioned in the report for the 57 session of CEDAW and for the second UPR report. It was not mentioned in the first UPR report. th °° PPE was discussed in both CEDAW reports, the first UPR report and the report for the 48 session of CRC. It was discussed in both other reports. th °° Decent work was discussed in both CRC reports, the report for the 57 session of CEDAW and the second UPR report. °° Female entrepreneurship was not mentioned in either of the CRC reports nor in the first UPR report. It was mentioned in both CEDAW reports and the second UPR report.

Progress It can be stated that Sierra Leone made progress, as noted by the CRC Committee, between the 48th and the 73rd session on Sexual Violence and abuse. The same can be said between the 38th and 57th session on sexual violence and abuse. This also applies to PPE and child marriage. There was no mention of a follow-up mechanism in the joint third to fifth report, nor in the second report of the CRC. The sixth CEDAW report did not mention a mechanism either, but the joint first to fifth report included an ad-hoc committee with support from UN agencies for follow-up.

The first cycle, of UPR was prepared by The Human Rights Secretariat of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Co-operation was the lead agency. For the second UPR cycle the report prepared by the Ministry of Justice with assistance from the Justice Sector Coordination Office and in collaboration with an inter-ministerial Technical Working Group.

Sustainable Development Goals Sierra Leone participated in the Voluntary National Review in 2016 for the High Level Political Forum33. Consultations on the SDGs were led by government institutions and non-governmental organizations. CSOs were able to comment on the feasibility of the SDGs and possible challenges they foresaw for implementation. SDGs consultations and popularization processes have taken 30 The first optional protocol to CRC is on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography. The second optional protocol to the CRC is on the involvement of children in armed conflict.

31 Third optional protocol to CRC is on a communications procedure.

32 For reporting to CRC and CEDAW, the number of alternative reports for the session (not pre-session) uploaded onto the OHCHR website is used. Confidential reports are not uploaded and occasionally reports may not be uploaded for other reasons, such as late submission. Therefore, the number of alternative reports published online doesn’t necessarily reflect the total number of submissions made.

33 https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/1510Sierra%20Leone%20Progress%20Report.pdf

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marginalized and excluded groups into consideration, including women in rural settings and youth. Moreover, CSOs were engaged to ensure onward dissemination of information on the goals to lower level development actors, including the local communities.

Sierra Leone states that the ‘pillars’ in their national development plan, called Vision 202534, can be directly related to the SDGs. Pillar eight: Gender & Women’s empowerment is a combination of SDG 4 and 5. Pillar one (Diversified economic growth), four (International competitiveness) and five (Labour and employment) are seen as directly related to a combination of SDG 7, 8 and 9. The specific policies to improve these pillars were not discussed in the VNR. The Five Year National Development Plan was submitted in 2013 and will end in 2018. It was created using a National Technical Committee. This committee included members from Civil Society Organizations. Furthermore, the Pillar Working Groups (PWGs) were established as sub-components of the NTC, in order to ensure that the Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs) are driving the process of identifying critical gaps and formulating strategies to address their respective constraints. The PWG is comprised of members from different sectors, CSOs operating within the Pillars and Development Partners supporting programs within the Pillars.

Since this plan was developed before the SDGs, there is no specific mention of the goals in the policies. However, as the VNR outlines, the pillars can be directly linked to the SGDs. The development plan discusses FGC/M, child marriage, child trafficking, economic empowerment of (young) women, sexual violence, decent work and female entrepreneurship.

2.10. Uganda <

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Human Rights Mechanisms Uganda has ratified both CEDAW and the CRC, as well as signed and ratified the first and second optional protocol of CRC. It has not ratified nor signed the third optional protocol of CRC and the optional protocol of CEDAW35. Uganda made no reservation to the signed optional protocols and conventions. It submitted both UPR reports on time and the report for the 47th session of CEDAW was actually submitted early. Both CRC reports were late and the report for the exceptional session of CEDAW was also produced delayed.

Reporting and # of shadow reports36 Uganda submitted two out of the six reports on time, three were late and one was early. A total of 88 shadow-reports was produced for the six reports. 54 reports were submitted for the

34 “Sierra Leone Vision 2025: sweet-salone” Government of Sierra Leone, 2003. Online at: https://unipsil.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/vision_2025.pdf 35 Third optional protocol to CRC is on a communications procedure.

36 For reporting to CRC and CEDAW, the number of alternative reports for the session (not pre-session) uploaded onto the OHCHR website is used. Confidential reports are not uploaded and occasionally reports may not be uploaded for other reasons, such as late submission. Therefore, the number of alternative reports published online doesn’t necessarily reflect the total number of submissions made.

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second UPR report and 27 for the first UPR report. No information was available for either of the CRC reports. There were no shadow-reports submitted for the exceptional session for CEDAW, but seven were submitted for the report for the 47th session of CEDAW. It is unknown whether CSO consultations were conducted for any of these reports.

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GAA-issues With regards to addressing GAA-issues in the mentioned reports the following can be said: th °° CSEC was mentioned in both CRC reports and the report for the 47 session of CEDAW. It was discussed in the report for the exceptional session of CEDAW. There was no mention of CSEC for either of the UPR reports. Both CRC reports discussed Sexual violence and abuse. The report for the exceptional session of CEDAW and the second UPR report also discussed CSEC. th °° Sexual violence and abuse was mentioned in the report for the 47 session of CEDAW. No mention was made in the first UPR report. th °° FGM/C was mentioned in both UPR reports, the report for the 47 session of CRC and the report for the exceptional session of CEDAW. It was discussed in the report for the 47th session of CEDAW and not mentioned in the report for the sixteenth session of CRC. th °° Child trafficking was mentioned in the report for the sixteenth CRC session and the 47 session of CEDAW. Moreover, it was mentioned in the first UPR reports and discussed in the second UPR report and the report for the exceptional report of CEDAW. °° Child marriage was mentioned in both CEDAW reports and discussed in both CRC reports.

There was no mention of child marriage in either of the UPR reports. °° PPE was discussed in all reports except the first UPR report and the report for the sixteenth session of CRC where it was merely mentioned. °° Decent work was mentioned in all reports and discussed in the report for the exceptional session of CEDAW and the report for the sixteenth session of CRC. °° Female entrepreneurship was not mentioned in either of the CRC reports. It was discussed in the report for the 47th session of CEDAW. Furthermore, it was mentioned in the report for the exceptional session of CEDAW and as well as the second UPR report.

Progress According to the CRC Committee, Uganda made progress between the sixteenth session and the 40th session of CRC on the topics of CSEC and decent work. Between the exceptional session of CEDAW and the 47th session, the same can be said on the topics sexual violence and abuse, FGM/C and child trafficking. The follow-up mechanism for the second report of CRC was done by the Ministry of Gender, Labour and Social Development which constituted an inter-ministerial core group. The first report had no mention of a mechanism. The fifth to seventh CEDAW reports also had no mention of a mechanism. The third report stated that the Ministry of Gender, Labour and Social Development was responsible. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs coordinated a Working Group that prepared the first UPR report and The Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA) coordinated a National Steering Committee that compiled the second report.

Sustainable Development Goals Uganda participated in the Voluntary National Review for the High Level Political Forum in 201637.

This report was created by using consultationd and input from, among others, key government institutions and representatives from civil society which included the technical drafting team and the multi-sector technical committee on this review report.

Uganda’s VNR reports that the National Development Program mentions and has policies in place on all seventeen SDGs. An assessment undertaken by the National Planning Authority indicated that the NDPII has integrated 69 percent of the SDGs. The National Development Program was submitted in 2015 and will guide the development in Uganda until 2020. Specific policies were discussed on SDG 4, 5 and 8. There is no mention of SDG 16 or its implementation. Child Marriage and Child Trafficking were not specifically mentioned.

Sexual assault, Gender Based Violence including FGM/C and Economic Empowerment were discussed.

37 https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/974uganda.pdf

<

24 Girls Advocacy Alliance - Baseline

2.11. The Netherlands

Human Rights Mechanisms The Netherlands has ratified both CEDAW and the CRC, as well as the first and second optional protocol of the CRC and the optional protocol of CEDAW. It did not yet ratify nor sign the third optional protocol of the CRC38. The Netherlands made reservations to article 26, 27 and 40 for the CRC39.

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Reporting and # of shadow reports40 Five out of the last six reports for the CRC, CEDAW and UPR were on time. The report for the 69th session of CRC was late. A total of 37 shadow-reports were submitted for the six reports. There were nine shadow-reports to accompany the report for the 69th session of the CRC. There was no information available on the number of shadow-reports for the 50th session of the CRC. Two reports were submitted for the 65th session of CEDAW and five shadow-reports were submitted for the 45th session. The first UPR report had five shadow-reports and the second UPR review had sixteen shadow-reports. CSO consultations were held for the 50th session of CRC and for both UPR sessions. It is unknown for both the 69th session of the CRC and both sessions of CEDAW if CSO consultations were held.

GAA-issues With regards to addressing GAA-issues in the mentioned reports the following can be said: °° CSEC was discussed in the CRC 69 report. Henceforth it has been mentioned in the CEDAW 45 report and in both UPR reports. °° Sexual Violence and Abuse was discussed in all CRC, CEDAW and UPR reports. °° FGM/C was discussed in both CEDAW and CRC reports. It has also been mentioned in the first session of the UPR reports. °° Child trafficking was discussed in all CRC, CEDAW and UPR reports. °° Child marriage was mentioned in the CRC 69 Report and the CEDAW 65 report. Child marriage was not mentioned in the UPR reports. °° PPE was discussed in all CRC, CEDAW and UPR reports. °° Decent work was discussed in all CRC, CEDAW and UPR reports. °° Female entrepreneurship was not mentioned in any of the CRC reports nor in the UPR reports. It is, however, mentioned in the CEDAW reports.

38 On a communication procedure.

39 CRC: Article 26 (Social security): Children – either through their guardians or directly – have the right to help from the government if they are poor or in need. Article 27 (Adequate standard of living): Children have the right to a standard of living that is good enough to meet their physical and mental needs. Governments should help families and guardians who cannot afford to provide this, particularly with regard to food, clothing and housing. Article 40 (Juvenile justice): Children who are accused of breaking the law have the right to legal help and fair treatment in a justice system that respects their rights. Governments are required to set a minimum age below which children cannot be held criminally responsible and to provide minimum guarantees for the fairness and quick resolution of judicial or alternative proceedings.

40 For reporting to CRC and CEDAW, the number of alternative reports for the session (not pre-session) uploaded onto the OHCHR website is used. Confidential reports are not uploaded and occasionally reports may not be uploaded for other reasons, such as late submission. Therefore, the number of alternative reports published online doesn’t necessarily reflect the total number of submissions made.

<

25 Girls Advocacy Alliance - Baseline

Netherlands Caribbean °° CSEC was discussed in the CRC 69 and CRC 50 report. Henceforth it has been mentioned in both CEDAW reports and the first UPR report. °° Sexual Violence and Abuse was discussed in all CRC and CEDAW reports. Therewith it has been mentioned in the first UPR report. °° FGM/C was only discussed in the CEDAW 45 report and the first UPR report. °° Child trafficking was discussed in all CRC, CEDAW and UPR reports. °° Child marriage was not mentioned in any CRC, CEDAW or UPR report. °° PPE was discussed in all CRC, CEDAW and UPR reports. °° Decent work was discussed in all CRC, CEDAW and UPR reports. °° Female entrepreneurship was not mentioned in either of the CRC reports and not mentioned in the UPR reports. It is, however, mentioned in the CEDAW reports.

Progress The CRC Committee welcomed the progress made by The Kingdom of The Netherlands considering the ratification of a number of protocols and treaties of which the Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings (in 2010) and the Council of Europe Convention on the Protection of Children against Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse (in 2010) are most relevant to the GAA-issues of CSEC and Trafficking. The Committee notes the adoption of several action plans and legislative measures in the area of children’s rights in each of the four countries of the State party, as well as the adoption in 2014 of the State party-wide Action Plan on Children’s Rights. The Committee regrets, however, the lack of information about the content of the Action Plan and mechanisms for its implementation throughout the Netherlands, Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten.

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The CEDAW Committee is positive about the adoption of the National Action Programme against Discrimination, the ratification of the Istanbul Convention and the conference that the government is organizing with the Committee and NGOs for the follow-up of the recommendations. The Committee is worried about the under-representation of women in decision-making bodies in politics, in business and science. The CEDAW Committee recommends the adaptation of the media law to ban discriminatory stereotypes and to finance awareness raising campaigns.

The Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Regions and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs have a joint responsibility for the follow-up of UPR recommendations, with the former being in charge of drafting the national reports. They work closely together with the Ministries of Security and Justice; Social Affairs and Employment; Education, Culture and Science; Health, Welfare and Sport; and Economic Affairs.

Sustainable Development Goals The Kingdom of The Netherlands participated with a National Voluntary Review at the High Level Political Forum41 of 2017. The four countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands (Aruba, Curaçao, the Netherlands and St Maarten) report jointly to the United Nations High-Level Political Forum on Sustainable Development. While each autonomous country within the Kingdom has its own political reality and is in a different phase of SDG implementation, all of them are committed to achieving the seventeen Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The Kingdom’s Voluntary National Review includes the views and positions of all four countries, providing detail on progress made and lessons learned by each autonomous country as well as by the Kingdom as a whole. Aruba, Curaçao and St Maarten are all located in the Caribbean, while ‘Dutch’ and ‘the Netherlands’ refer to the Netherlands as a territory in Europe and the islands of Bonaire, Saba and St. Eustatius in the Caribbean.

In the development of the VNR, consultations were held with CSOs and other representatives.

The Netherlands reserved a chapter in the VNR for the assessment of CSOs on the SDG progress of The Netherlands. This was mainly structured through umbrella organizations of CSOs and GAA contributed to this section. Within the 15-minute timeslot for the VNR presentation at the HLPF, The Netherlands also gave the floor to a youth representative and a minister of the Caribbean part of the Kingdom.

41 http://www.pbl.nl/sites/default/files/cms/publicaties/pbl-2016-sustainable-development-in-the-Netherlands_1966.pdf

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26 Girls Advocacy Alliance - Baseline

The Netherlands have adopted an Action Plan for the implementation of the SDGs42. However, NGOs are critical of the lack of ambition in the Action Plan; they were merely old policies wrapped in the language of the SDGs, while a more cohesive policy is necessary to make progress in The Netherlands. Furthermore, not all countries within the Kingdom have developed coordinated national efforts for implementation of the SDGs, although actions are taken on various SDGs.

3. CSoâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Assessment In addition to the desk research performed on the UN & ILO accountability mechanisms, we conducted a small online survey under the contracted CSOs in the GAA-countries on their familiarity and previous engagement with these accountability mechanisms. The response rate was however quite low, and therefore the written below conclusions cannot be seen as representative for the situation in GAA-countries43. However, they do give an indication of the engagement with these processes.

BEFORE

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The majority of the respondents confirmed that their organization engaged with the review and reporting processes of international human rights mechanisms by actively conducting advocacy and lobby as part of a coalition. Furthermore, 27% was part of a coalition but was not active.

A meager 18% has never engaged. Primarily the lack of financial resources is most frequently reported as an explanation. Henceforth the lack of staff, knowledge and expertise are being brought up. Moreover, some respondents mention the local scope of their organization; this leads to challenges with regards to staff and availability of funds. Therewith it is expected that the international partners will engage in international human rights monitoring mechanisms since they have resources and capacity on the national level. National law has been pointed out as an obstacle once.

What might be seen as remarkable is the fact that none of the respondents conducted advocacy and lobby alone (e.g. not being part of a coalition). This is the case with regards to review and reporting on the MDGs, SDGs and international human rights mechanisms. Amongst the human rights mechanisms, the CRC seems to be the procedure with which cooperation is highest (all respondents are in one way or another involved with CRC). Second is CEDAW with an approximate amount of 66,7% of the respondents. A popular way of engaging, in reporting and lobby before and during the review of a country, is the submission of an alternative/shadow report. Conducting lobby activities within the country and in Geneva is also applied regularly.

Also worth noting is that some respondents note the more intense involvement with CEDAW during these phases.

AFTER

After the review of the countries a few follow-up actions are possible. Almost all the respondents percolate the recommendations of the review to the population. But conducting lobby activities to put pressure on the government to implement recommendations is popular too (62,5%).

Actual cooperation with the government in order to implement recommendations is applied by 50% of the respondents44.

International Human Rights Mechanisms An alternative report to the CRC is frequently brought up with regards to reporting and/or follow-up activities related to the international human rights mechanisms. This is primarily being mentioned by respondents from the continent of Africa. However, the majority of respondents are based in Africa.

42 NEDERLAND ONTWIKKELT DUURZAAM. Plan van aanpak inzake implementatie SDGs https://www.tweedekamer.nl/ kamerstukken/verslagen/detail?id=2016D36860 43 No CSOs from India, Liberia & Nepal participated in the survey. In Ethiopia, Ghana & Sierra Leone there were two CSOs responding and Bangladesh, Kenia, the Philippines and Uganda each had one CSO answering the questions.

44 One respondent indicates that the follow up of the review takes place in a network with other organizations.

<

27 Girls Advocacy Alliance - Baseline

MDGs & SDGs In comparing the engagement with the review and reporting processes of the MDGs in the past and the review and reporting processes of the SDGs nowadays the active conduct of lobby and participation, as part of a coalition, plays first fiddle. Moreover, the amount of respondents that have not been engaged in the processes is smaller with regards to the MDGs (22,22%) than to the SDGs (33,33%). Concerning the MDGs, the gross amount was not actively, part of a coalition which conducted lobby and advocacy (compared to 33,33% of the engagement concerning SDGs). Henceforth it has been noted by respondents that, since the SDGs are relatively new, active engagement in review and reporting was not necessarily relevant yet. This is notwithstanding that the majority of the correspondents do recognize the importance of taking the SDGs into account.

GAA-issues There seems to be a focus on girls and women. However, there is no unanimity among the countries about the focus. Especially the Eastern countries within the GAA do not have this focus on women and girls. As a consequence, they focus less on issues related to the GAA. These issues also highly differ among the Eastern countries. In sum, Child Marriage and Sexual Violence and Abuse are mentioned most (both 80%). Female Entrepreneurship and Decent Work are bringing up the rear (both 30%). In Africa the respondents are expressing a focus on Child Marriage, FGM, Sexual Violence and Abuse, Child Trafficking, PPE. Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children and Female Entrepreneurship are mentioned to a lower extent.

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Success of lobby and advocacy activities before the review 70% of the respondents state that some or all issues were taken on board in general by the CRC/ CEDAW Committee or UPR (additional the OPSC). The rest is not familiar with the follow-up of the issues, does not have any connection with the mentioned Human Rights Meganisms or they did not submit reports yet. If, indeed, there were follow-up actions the government took action (e.g. new legislation, better implementation etc – 60%) and asked the organisation for expertise on implementation (20%). Only 10% of the respondents is not informed/aware of the follow-up.

In only one case the government did not take actions.

Success of involvement into the MDG/SDG processes45 Asked about the success rate of their involvement into MDG/SDG processes, the answers are comparable to those on the CRC/UPR/CEDAW engagement. One respondent was honest enough to admit not knowing about the success rate. Therewith the success of the follow-up activities were less pronounced than the latter which registered clear actions performed by the government. The answers in this regard were more widespread.

Success of reporting and follow-up activities46 The respondents mention the influence of the government and moreover, the boundaries that they impose. Furthermore, quite a lot of CSOs emphasize the local focus of their organization.

There does not seem to exist a feeling of inclusion in a larger whole. Capacity building was also recommended in the opens answers.

International accountability mechanisms The respondents are very unambiguous about the organization’s role in the coalition during the process of reporting/follow-up to international accountability mechanisms which is primarily dedicated to providing content-related input. Only 20% of the respondents were not involved in any way. Henceforth 20% were leading member of the coalition and were involved in all elements of the process.

Staff Overall the staff has an academic background in human rights. Not all organizations have staff with a professional background in human rights (60%). Moreover, 70% did have training in human rights and the international human rights system. Several parties conducted a training (e.g. ActionAid, Plan Geneva, Ministries, UNHCR and NGO’s).

45 In this question the SDGs and MDGs were taken together. In hindsight this probably made the question a bit hard to answer.

46 Here again only respondents from Africa.

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28 Girls Advocacy Alliance - Baseline

ANNEXes

<

<

29 Girls Advocacy Alliance - Baseline

ANNEx I: Effective monitoring of the performance of national governments in GAA countries on GAA issues by international human rights mechanisms 1.1 Number of optional protocols to CRC & CEDAW ratified by GAA country governments

<

Country

CRC OP11

CRC OP22

CRC OP33

CEDAW OP

BANGLADESH

Ratified

Ratified

Not signed Not ratified

Ratified

ETHIOPIA

Ratified

Ratified

Not signed Not ratified

Not signed Not ratified

GHANA

Not ratified

Ratified

Signed Not ratified

Ratified

INDIA

Ratified

Ratified

Not signed Not ratified

Not signed Not ratified

KENYA

Not ratified

Ratified

Not signed Not ratified

Not signed Not ratified

LIBERIA

Not ratified

Ratified

Not signed Not ratified

Ratified

NEPAL

Ratified

Ratified

Not signed Not ratified

Ratified

NETHERLANDS

Ratified

Ratified

Not signed Not ratified

Ratified

PHILIPPINES

Ratified

Ratified

Not signed Not ratified

Ratified

SIERRA LEONE

Ratified

Ratified

Not signed Not ratified

Signed Not ratified

UGANDA

Ratified

Ratified

Not signed Not ratified

Not signed Not ratified

Legend: RED TEXT imply that the optional protocol is not in force Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography.

2 Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict.

3 Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on a communications procedure.

1

<

30 Girls Advocacy Alliance - Baseline

1.2 Number of reservations GAA country governments have to CRC, CEDAW & protocols

<

Country

CRC

CRC OP14

CRC OP25

CRC OP36

CEDAW

CEDAW OP

BANGLADESH

Arts. 14(1); art 21

None

None

Not signed Not ratified

Arts. 2, 16(1)(c)

None

4

ETHIOPIA

None

None

None

Art. 29(1)

None

Not ratified

None

Not signed Not ratified

None

1

GHANA INDIA

None

None

None

Not signed Not ratified

Signed Not ratified

Not signed Not ratified

Art. 29(1)

Not signed Not ratified

1

KENYA

None

Not ratified

None

Not signed Not ratified

None

Not signed Not ratified

0

LIBERIA

None

Not ratified

None

Not signed Not ratified

None

None

0

NEPAL

None

None

None

Not signed Not ratified

None

None

0

NETHERLANDS

Arts. 26, 27, 40;

None

None

Not signed Not ratified

None

None

3

PHILIPPINES

None

None

None

Not signed Not ratified

None

None

0

SIERRA LEONE

None

None

None

Not signed Not ratified

None

Signed Not ratified

0

UGANDA

None

None

None

Not signed Not ratified

None

Not signed Not ratified

0

None

TOTAL7

Legend: RED TEXT imply that the optional protocol is not in force Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict 6 Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on a communications procedure 7 # of reservations to CRC, CEDAW and optional protocols per country 4

5

0

<

31 Girls Advocacy Alliance - Baseline

1.3 Number of reports delivered on time by each GAA country governments (CRC, CEDAW, UPR)

Country

<

CRC (no. of session)

CEDAW (no. of session)

UPR 2nd cycle

UPR 1st cycle

TOTAL8

BANGLADESH

70th On time

51st On time

65th On time*

48th On time*

On time

On time

6/6

ETHIOPIA

69th On time*

43rd Late

49th Late

30th Late

On time

On time

3/6

GHANA

69th On time*

41st Late

59th Late

36th Late

On time

On time°

3/6

INDIA

66th Late

35th Late

58th Late

37th Late

On time

On time°

2/6

KENYA

71st On time*

44th Late

68th Late

48th On time*

On time

On time

4/6

LIBERIA

61st On time*

36th Late

62nd On time*

44th Late

On time

On time

4/6

NEPAL

72nd Late

39th Late

49th On time*

30th Late

On time

On time

3/6

NETHERLANDS

69th Late

50th On time*

65th On time*

45th On time*

On time

On time°

5/6

PHILIPPINES

52nd On time*

39th Late

64th Late

36th Late

On time

On time°

3/6

SIERRA LEONE

73rd Late

48th Late

57th Late

38th Late

On time

On time

2/6

UGANDA

47th Late

16th Late

47th Early

Exc. Late

On time°

On time

3/6

On time* = within 1 calendar year of deadline On time (UPR) = at least 2 months before session On time° = Less than 2 months before session 8 # of reports delivered on time out of 6 reports, 2 for each human rights mechanism

<

32 Girls Advocacy Alliance - Baseline

1.4 Number of CSO shadow/alternative reports produced9

<

Country

CRC

CEDAW

UPR 2nd

UPR 1st

BANGLADESH

70th 9 reports

51st unavailable10

65th 13 reports

ETHIOPIA

69th 4 reports

43rd unavailable

GHANA

69th 5 reports

INDIA

TOTAL12

48th 7 reports

27

17

73

49th 4 reports

30th 0 reports

22

20

50

41st unavailable

59th 5 reports

36th 0 reports

11

9

30

66th 11 reports

35th unavailable

58th 17 reports

37th 0 reports

51

37

116

KENYA

71st 8 reports

44th unavailable

68th 311

48th 5 reports

24

19

59

LIBERIA

61st 2 reports

36th unavailable

62nd 4 reports

44th 1 report

8

8

23

NEPAL

72nd 14 reports

39th unavailable

49th 15 reports

30th 0 reports

40

20

89

NETHERLANDS

69th 9 reports

50th unavailable

65th 2 reports

45th 5 reports

16

5

37

PHILIPPINES

52nd 0

39th unavailable

64th 11 reports

36th 0 reports

42

21

74

SIERRA LEONE

76th 1 report

48th unavailable

57th 3 reports

38th 0 reports

16

19

39

UGANDA

47th unavailable

16th unavailable

47th 7 reports

Exc. 0 reports

54

27

88

For reporting to CRC and CEDAW, the number of alternative reports for the session (not pre-session) uploaded onto the OHCHR website is used. Confidential reports are not uploaded and occasionally reports may not be uploaded for other reasons, such as late submission. (http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Countries/Pages/HumanRightsintheWorld.aspx) 10 OHCHR only started uploading shadow/alternative reports after 2009.

11 Three shadow reports published as of 03 February 2017; more reports surely to be published in coming days.

12 # of shadow reports per country 9

<

33 Girls Advocacy Alliance - Baseline

1.5 Consultations with CSOs conducted in preparation for human rights mechanism review13

<

Country

CRC

CEDAW

UPR 2nd

UPR 1st

BANGLADESH

70th Yes

51st Yes

65th Yes

48th yes

Yes

Yes

ETHIOPIA

69th Yes

43rd unknown

49th unknown

30th unknown

Yes

Unknown

GHANA

69th Yes

41st Yes

59th Yes

36th Yes

Yes

Yes

INDIA

66th Yes

35th Yes

58th unknown

37th unknown

Yes

Yes

KENYA

71st Yes

44th unknown

68th Yes

48th unknown

Yes

Yes

LIBERIA

61st Yes

36th unknown

62nd Yes

44th unknown

Yes

Yes

NEPAL

72nd Yes

39th Yes

49th unknown

30th unknown

Yes

Yes

NETHERLANDS

69th Yes

50th Yes

65th unknown

45th unknown

Yes

Yes

PHILIPPINES

52nd Yes

39th Yes

64th Yes

36th Yes

Yes

Unknown

SIERRA LEONE

76th Unknown

48th Unknown

57th Unknown

38th Unknown

Yes

Yes

UGANDA

47th Yes

16th Unknown

47th Unknown

Exc. Yes

Yes

Yes

As mentioned by States in their reports. “Unknown” only implies that this information was not available in the report, NOT necessarily that no consultations were conducted.

13

<

34 Girls Advocacy Alliance - Baseline

1.6 GAA themes included in national state reports14 Sexual violence & abuse

CSEC

<

FGM/C

CT15

CM

PPE

Decent Work16

Female Entrep.

CRC 70 CRC 51 CEDAW 65 CEDAW 48 UPR 2nd UPR 1st

2 2 0 0 0 1

2 1 1 1 0 1

0 0 0 0 0 0

2 2 1 1 1 1

2 2 1 1 1 1

2 2 2 2 1 1

2 2 2 2 1 1

0 0 2 2 1 1

CRC 69 CRC 43 CEDAW 49 CEDAW 30 UPR 2nd UPR 1st

2 1 1 0 2 0

2 1 1 0 1 0

1 2 2 0 1 2

2 2 2 1 2 0

1 1 2 0 1 1

2 1 2 0 2 2

1 1 2 0 1 1

0 0 1 0 1 0

CRC 69 CRC 41 CEDAW 59 CEDAW 36 UPR 2nd UPR 1st

2 2 0 1 0 0

2 2 1 1 1 1

2 2 1 1 1 2

2 2 1 2 1 1

1 1 1 2 1 2

2 2 2 2 2 2

1 1 2 2 0 2

1 0 1 2 0 0

CRC 66 CRC 35 CEDAW 58 CEDAW 37 UPR 2nd UPR 1st

2 1 1 2 2 0

2 2 2 2 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

2 2 2 2 2 1

2 2 2 2 1 1

2 2 2 2 1 1

2 2 2 2 2 2

0 1 2 2 0 0

CRC 71 CRC 44 CEDAW 68 CEDAW 48 UPR 2nd UPR 1st

2 2 1 1 0 1

1 1 2 2 1 1

2 2 2 2 1 0

2 2 1 2 1 1

2 2 1 1 1 0

1 2 2 2 1 1

2 2 2 2 2 1

0 0 1 2 1 0

CRC CRC CEDAW CEDAW UPR 2nd UPR 1st

0 1 0 2 1 0

2 2 2 2 2 2

1 1 0 2 2 0

1 2 2 2 2 2

2 2 1 2 2 0

2 1 2 0 0 1

2 2 1 1 0 1

0 0 1 1 0 1

CRC CRC CEDAW CEDAW UPR 2nd UPR 1st

2 2 2 2 2 1

2 2 2 1 2 1

0 0 0 0 0 0

2 2 2 2 2 1

1 2 2 2 1 0

1 1 1 2 1 1

2 2 1 1 0 2

1 0 1 1 0 1

CRC 69 CRC 50 CEDAW 65 CEDAW 45 UPR 2nd UPR 1st CRC CRC CEDAW CEDAW UPR 2nd UPR 1st

2 0 0 1

1 2 2 2 2 2 1 0

2 1 1 0

2 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 2

2 2 2

2 2 1

0

0

2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0

2 1 2

0

2

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1

2 2 2

1 0 1

2

0

0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1

0 0 0

2 2 2

0

2

2 1 2 2 2 2 0 1

2 2 2

2 2 2

2

1

2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1

2 2 2

0 0 1

1

0

2 0 1 1 2 2 0 1

<

0 0 1 0

35 Girls Advocacy Alliance - Baseline

1.6 GAA themes included in national state reports14

CSEC

Sexual violence & abuse

FGM/C

CT15

CM

PPE

Decent Work16

Female Entrep.

CRC CRC CEDAW CEDAW UPR 2nd UPR 1st

2 2 1 1 0 0

2 2 2 2 1 2

2 1 2 2 1 1

2 2 2 2 0 1

2 2 1 2 1 0

1 2 2 2 1 2

2 2 2 1 2 1

0 0 1 1 1 0

CRC CRC CEDAW CEDAW UPR 2nd UPR 1st

1 1 1 2 0 0

2 2 1 2 2 0

1 0 2 1 1 1

0 1 1 2 2 1

2 2 1 1 0 0

2 1 2 2 2 1

1 2 1 2 1 1

0 0 2 1 1 0

<

<

0 1 2 14

= no mention = mentioned = discussed This information was collected by keyword search; each report was not read in depth (this would have taken too much time).

So it is possible that some elements were left out.

15 Mentions of trafficking in women were also included, but mentions of trafficking in persons or more general language were not.

16 Including child labour, forced labour, working conditions, etc.

36 Girls Advocacy Alliance - Baseline

ANNEX II: National governments of the 10 GAA countries take into account the recommendations of the human rights mechanisms and the provisions of international bodies on GAA themes 2.1 Assessment by treaty bodies of progress made on GAA issues since last review17,18

Bangladesh

<

CSEC

Sexual violence & abuse

FGM/C

CT19

CM

PPE

Decent Work20

Female Entrep.

CRC 70

-

-

-

X

-

-

X

-

CEDAW 65

-

-

-

X

-

-

X

-

Bangladesh

Other mentions of progress that may be of relevance

CRC 70

Children Act (Act No.24); Domestic Violence (Prevention and Protection) Act; Domestic Violence (Prevention and Protection) Rules.

CEDAW 65

Domestic Violence (Prevention and Protection) Act; Domestic Violence (Prevention and Protection) Rules; The National Action Plan to Prevent Violence against Women and Children (2013-2025).

Ethiopia

CSEC

Sexual violence & abuse

FGM/C

CT

CM

PPE

Decent Work

Female Entrep.

CRC 69

X

X

X

X

-

-

-

-

CEDAW 49

-

X

X

X

X

X

X

-

Ethiopia

Other mentions of progress that may be of relevance

CRC 69

The Strategic Plan for an Integrated and Multi-Sectoral Response to Violence against Women and Children and Child Justice in 2011; The National Women/Girls’ Education Strategy 2009/10; The National Coordinating Body for Multi-Sectored and Integrated Response to Violence Against Women and Children in 2008; The National Women/Girls’ Education Strategy 2009/10; the Youth Development Strategy Plan 2006 – 2015.

CEDAW 49

National Plan for Gender Equality (2005-2010); the Plan for Accelerated and Sustainable Development to Eradicate Poverty (2005-2010); the Development and Change Package for Ethiopian Women.

X = progress - = not mentioned 17 Only the most recent Concluding Observation was included, since the focus was showing progress from the previous review.

18 This information was gathered from the section in Concluding Observations where the Committee outlines progress made since last review (usually in the beginning of the Concluding Observation).

19 Where the treaty body commended Anti-Trafficking Legislation, it was assumed that this legislation included reference to women and/or children and/or girls.

20 Although these legislative/policy measures mentioned as progress made by the Committee do not explicitly touch on the GAA themes in their titles, it was assumed that these legislative/policy measures do have to do with some of the GAA themes. However, in order to confirm this, further research would have to be done to examine at each individual legislative/policy measure.

<

37 Girls Advocacy Alliance - Baseline

Ghana

<

CSEC

Sexual violence & abuse

FGM/C

CT

CM

PPE

Decent Work

Female Entrep.

CRC 69

-

-

-

X

-

-

X

-

CEDAW 59

-

X

X

X

-

-

-

-

Ghana

Other mentions of progress that may be of relevance

CRC 69

Education Act of 9 January 2009; Domestic Violence Act of 4 May 2007; Ghana National Commission on Children (Repeal) Act of 24 March 2006; Creation of the Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Protection (MoGCSP) (2013); Child and Family Welfare Policy (CFWP) (2015); Education Strategic Plan (ESP) (2010-2020); National Policy and Plan of Action on Domestic Violence (2009-2019).

CEDAW 59

Ratification of Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, in 2011 and Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoplesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa, in 2007; Development of the National Policy and Plan of Action (2009-2019) on the implementation of the Domestic Violence Act, 2007; Development of the National Policy and Plan of Action (2009-2019) on the implementation of the Domestic Violence Act, 2007.

India

CSEC

Sexual violence & abuse

FGM/C

CT

CM

PPE

Decent Work

Female Entrep.

CRC 66

X

X

-

X

-

-

-

-

CEDAW 58

-

X

-

X

-

-

X

X

India

Other mentions of progress that may be of relevance

CRC 66

The National Policy for Children, on 26 April 2013; The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, in August 2009.

CEDAW 58

Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, in 2009; Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, in 2013;

Kenya

CSEC

Sexual violence & abuse

FGM/C

CT

CM

PPE

Decent Work

Female Entrep.

CRC 71

-

X

X

-

X

-

-

-

CEDAW 4821

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Kenya

Other mentions of progress that may be of relevance

CRC 71

Ratification of The Hague Convention on Protection of Children and Cooperation in respect of Intercountry Adoption; The Protection Against Domestic Violence Act (No. 2 of 2015); The Victim Protection Act (No. 17 of 2014); The Basic Education Act, in 2013; National Plans of Action for Children.

CEDAW 4821

* A new Constitution was approved by public referendum on 4 August 2010 which provides for the immediate domestication of the Convention.

21 Due to be reviewed in 2017. 48th session took place in 2011.

<

38 Girls Advocacy Alliance - Baseline

Liberia

<

CSEC

Sexual violence & abuse

FGM/C

CT

CM

PPE

Decent Work

Female Entrep.

CRC 61

-

X

-

X

-

-

-

-

CEDAW 62

-

X

X

X

-

X

-

-

Liberia

Other mentions of progress that may be of relevance

CRC 61

The Children’s Law of 4 February 2012 designed to domesticate the Convention on the Rights of the Child in the national legal system; The Education Reform Act of 8 August 2011; ratification or accession to African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child in August 2007; and Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa in December 2007; National Plan of Action for the Prevention and Management of Gender-based Violence (2011-2015); National Policy on Girls’ Education (2006); Education Sector Master Plan 2000-2010 and the Action Plan 2004-2015: Education for All.

CEDAW 62

Law Reform Commission Act of 2011, which provides for the revision of laws including those with a bearing on women’s rights.

Nepal

CSEC

Sexual violence & abuse

FGM/C

CT

CM

PPE

Decent Work

Female Entrep.

CRC 72

-

-

-

-

X

-

X

-

CEDAW 49

X

-

-

X

-

-

-

-

Nepal

Other mentions of progress that may be of relevance

CRC 72

Act Amending Some Nepali Acts to Maintain Gender Equality and End Gender-Based Violence of 2015; National child policy, 2012.

CEDAW 49

The five-year strategic plan of the National Women’s Commission (2009-2014); the Domestic Violence (Crime and Punishment) Act, 2009; the Women Development’s Programme; nd the Gender Equality Act, 2006.

Netherlands22

CSEC

Sexual violence & abuse

FGM/C

CT

CM

PPE

Decent Work

Female Entrep.

CRC 69

-

X

-

X

-

-

-

-

CEDAW 65

-

X

-

-

-

-

X

-

Netherlands22

Other mentions of progress that may be of relevance

CRC 69

Adoption of the Children’s Rights Action Plan on 20 November 2014; Adoption of the Children Safe Action Plan in 2012 (2012-2016); Compulsory Education Act of Aruba of 1 December 2012; Appropriate Education Act of 1 August 2014;.

CEDAW 65

The new Penal Code for St. Maarten, which expands the definition of “victim of domestic abuse” to include partners or companions, in 2015; The Mandatory Reporting Code (Domestic Violence and Child Abuse), in 2013; The new Criminal Code for Aruba; The Amendment to the General Equal Treatment Law, which entered into force in 2011; The National Programme of Action to Combat Discrimination, in 2016.

22 The Kingdom of the Netherlands includes Aruba, Curaçao, Netherlands, and St Maarten. It is unclear whether these changes apply to all 4 non-sovereign countries.

<

39 Girls Advocacy Alliance - Baseline

Philippines

<

CSEC

Sexual violence & abuse

FGM/C

CT

CM

PPE

Decent Work

Female Entrep.

CRC 52

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CEDAW 64

-

-

-

X

-

-

-

-

Philippines

Other mentions of progress that may be of relevance

CRC 52

Magna Carta of Women (Republic Act 9710).

CEDAW 64

Domestic Workers Act (Republic Act No. 10361); Magna Carta of Women (Republic Act No. 9710); Adoption of the women’s empowerment, development and gender equality plan, covering the period 2013-2016; Establishment of the Philippine Commission on Women with a mandate to advance the women’s priority legislative agenda and monitor the implementation of the women’s empowerment, development and gender equality plan.

Sierra Leone

CSEC

Sexual violence & abuse

FGM/C

CT

CM

PPE

Decent Work

Female Entrep.

CRC 73

-

X

-

-

-

-

-

-

CEDAW 57

-

X

-

X

X

-

-

-

Sierra Leone

Other mentions of progress that may be of relevance

CRC 73

The registration of Customary Marriage and Divorce Act 2009; the enactment of the Child Rights Act 2007; National Child Justice Strategy (2013-2017); and the Child Welfare Policy (2014).

CEDAW 57

The Agenda for Prosperity (2013-2018); The National Referral Protocol on gender-based violence and the National Plan of Action on gender-based violence, in 2012, and the National Committee on gender-based violence, in 2007.

Uganda

CSEC

Sexual violence & abuse

FGM/C

CT

CM

PPE

Decent Work

Female Entrep.

CRC 40

X

-

-

-

-

-

X

-

CEDAW 47

-

X

X

X

-

-

-

-

Uganda

Other mentions of progress that may be of relevance

CRC 40

The adoption of the Children Act in 2000; The National Strategic Programme Plan of Interventions for Orphans and Other Vulnerable Children (2005/06-2009/10).

CEDAW 47

The Employment Act (2006); The Equal Opportunities Commission Act (2007); National Action Plan on Gender.

<

40 Girls Advocacy Alliance - Baseline

2.2 Existence of national mechanisms (institutional or action plans) for follow-up23

Bangladesh CRC

In the combined third and fourth periodic report, the govt informs of an Inter-Ministerial CRC Standing Committee responsible for reporting24, however the fifth periodic report does not mention such committee.25

CEDAW

The last two reports were prepared by the MoWCA, and no reference to a national mechanism can be identified.26

UPR

Second cycle: unclear. Seems to be ad hoc.

First cycle: also unclear, appears to be ad hoc.

Ethiopia

<

CRC

For the joint fourth and fifth report, an ad hoc, inter-ministerial taskforce, led by MOWCYA was created.27 In the third report, there is no metion of a mechanism.

CEDAW

No mention of a mechanism in the joint sixth and seventh report, nor in the joint fourth and fifth.

UPR

Second cycle: ad hoc team of mid-level officials organised by the National Human Rights Steering Committee for prep of report.28 First cycle: report prepared within ad hoc drafting committees for treaty body reports.29

Ghana CRC

The joint third-5th report was prepared by the Information Research and Advocacy Division (IRAD) of the Department of Children.30 Thesecond periodic report contains no mention of a mechanism.

CEDAW

The info in the joint sixth and seventh report is unclear but there was a lead consultant.31 The joint third to fifth report was prepared by the National Council on Women and Development, seemingly a standing part of its mandate.32

UPR

Second cycle: report was prepared by the Ministry of Justice and Attorney General's Department.

First cycle: no mechanism mentioned.

23 For this indicator, State reports were checked for explanations and mentions of how they prepare the reporting process to the human rights mechanisms. Where there is no mention of a national mechanism, it is likely, but not certain, that the processes are dealt with on an ad hoc basis.

24 CRC/C/BGD/4 p.27 25 CRC/C/BGD/5 p.8 26 CEDAW/C/BGD/8, CEDAW/C/BGD/7.

27 CRC/C/ETH/4-5, p.7 28 UPR state report p.3 29 UPR state report p.3 30 CRC/C/GHA/3-5, p.11 31 CEDAW/C/GHA/6-7, p.42 32 CEDAW/C/GHA/3-5, p.7. The process was facilitated by an external consultant, and â&#x20AC;&#x153;In line with previous procedures, initial drafts of the third and fourth reports were prepared and presented by the national machinery for women, National Council on Women and Development (NCWD).â&#x20AC;?

<

41 Girls Advocacy Alliance - Baseline

India CRC

Joint third and fourth report was seemingly prepared by the MOWCD, details are unknown, assumed ad hoc. No mechanism is mentioned in the second report.

CEDAW

No mechanism is mentioned in the joint fourth and fifth report, nor in the second/3rd report either.

UPR

Second cycle: no mechanism mentioned.

First cycle: no mechanism mentioned.

Kenya CRC

No mechanism or lead ministry mentioned in the joint third to fifth report. For the second report, it appears an ad hoc team from different ministries and stakeholders was formed.33

CEDAW

The eighth periodic report was prepared by the Gender Directorate in the Ministry of Devolution and Planning.34 The seventh by the Ministry of Women Gender and Social Development.35

UPR

Second cycle: The Office of the Attorney General and the Department of Justice (OAG &DOJ) is responsible for the co-ordination, preparation and follow up of the second review.36 First cycle: The process was spearheaded by the Multi-Stakeholders National Advisory Consultative Committee on Kenyaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s International Human Rights Obligations and coordinated by the Ministry of Justice, National Cohesion and Constitutional Affairs.37

<

Liberia CRC

2nd to fourth report process overseen by ad hoc inter-ministerial committee.38 1st report contains no indication of mechanism.

CEDAW

The joint seventh and eighth report was prepared by ad hoc thematic working groups.39 The joint 1st to sixth was also prepared by ad hoc working groups.40

UPR

Second cycle: The Human Rights Unit of the Ministry of Justice (MOJ) was responsible for leading the preparation of this report. The MOJ received support from the Human Rights Reporting Sub-committee, a body established under the National Human Rights Action Plan.41 First cycle: Same as second cycle.42

33 Gathered from the acknowledgements in CRC/C/KEN/2.

34 CEDAW/C/KEN/8, p.6.

35 CEDAW/C/KEN/7, p.2 36 A/HRC/WG.6/21/KEN/1, p.2.

37 A/HRC/WG.6/8/KEN/1, p.2.

38 CRC/C/LBR/2-4, p.9.

39 CEDAW/C/LBR/7-8, p.3 40 CEDAW/C/LBR/6, p.4 41 A/HRC/WG.6/22/LBR/1, p.2 42 A/HRC/WG.6/9/LBR/1, p.2

<

42 Girls Advocacy Alliance - Baseline

Nepal CRC

For the third to fifth reports, an ad hoc drafting committee was responsible.43 The second report was prepared by the Ministry of Women, Children and Social Welfare.44

CEDAW

The joint fourth and fifth report contains no mention of mechanism. Nor does the joint second and third.

UPR

Second cycle: a cross-sectoral committee was responsible for reporting.45 First cycle: same as second cycle.46

Netherlands47 CRC

Mechanism not mentioned in fourth report, nor in third report.

4th report: mechanisms not mentioned, assumed ad hoc. third report: Aruba formed a committee (govtl and non-)48, mechanism not mentioned in Second report of the Netherlands Antilles.

CEDAW

The sixth report was prepared by an inter-ministerial working group.49 6th report: mechanisms not mentioned, assumed ad hoc.

No mechanism is mentioned in the fifth report, assumed ad hoc for both European and Carribbean parts of NLD.

< UPR

Second cycle: mechanism not mentioned.

First cycle: mechanism not mentioned.

Philippines CRC

No mention of mechanism in the joint third and fourth report, nor in the second.

CEDAW

No mention of mechanism in the joint seventh and eighth report. Joint fifth and sixth report was prepared by the National Commission on the Role of Filipino Women.50

UPR

Second cycle: report was prepared â&#x20AC;&#x153;under the supervision ofâ&#x20AC;? the Presidential Human Rights Committee Secretariat.51 First cycle: The Presidential Human Rights Committee oversaw the process.52

43 CRC/C/NPL/3-5, p.6 44 CRC/C/NPL/3-5, p.6 45 CRC/C/NPL/2, p.11 46 A/HRC/WG.6/23/NPL/1, p.2 47 A/HRC/WG.6/10/NPL/1, p.2 48 For each session of each human rights mechanism the cells have been divided into two: the left hand cell is for the Netherlands, the right hand cell for the Netherlands in the Caribbean.

49 CRC/C/NLD/3, p.92 50 CEDAW/C/NLD/6, p.6 51 CEDAW/C/PHI/5-6, p.13 52 A/HRC/WG.6/13/PHL/1, p.2

<

43 Girls Advocacy Alliance - Baseline

Sierra Leone CRC

No mention of mechanism in the joint third to fifth report, nor in second.

CEDAW

No mention of mechanism in the sixth report, joint 1st to fifth report ad hoc with support from UN agencies.53

UPR

Second cycle: report prepared by the Ministry of Justice with assistance from the Justice Sector Coordination Office and in collaboration with an inter-ministerial Technical Working Group.54 First cycle: The Human Rights Secretariat of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Co-operation was the lead agency.55

Uganda

<

CRC

For the second report, The Ministry of Gender, Labour and Social Development constituted an interministerial core group.56 The 1st report has no mention of a mechanism.

CEDAW

No mention of mechanism in the fifth to seventh report, in third report Ministry of Gender, labour and Social Development responsible.57

UPR

Second cycle: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA) coordinated a National Steering Committee that compiled the report.58 First cycle: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs coordinated a Working Group that prepared the Report.59

53 CEDAW/C/SLE/5, p.3 54 A/HRC/WG.6/24/SLE/1, p.3 55 A/HRC/WG.6/11/SLE/1, p.3 56 CRC/C/65/Add.33, p.10 57 CEDAW/C/UGA/3, p.13 58 A/HRC/WG.6/26/UGA/1, p.2 59 A/HRC/WG.6/12/UGA/1, p.4

<

44 Girls Advocacy Alliance - Baseline

ANNEX III: ILO Conventions

3.1 Overview of ILO Conventions No 138, 182 & 189 ratified by GAA country governments

Country

138 Minimum age convention

182 worst formst of CL

189 Domestic workers convention

Reporting

Minimum age 138

BANGLADESH

-

X

-

Report requested on 182 in 2017. List of observations Scheduled to report on 182 in 2020

NA

ETHIOPIA

X

X

-

Report requested on 138, 182 in 2017, list of observations.

Scheduled to report on 138, 182 in 2020

14

GHANA

X

X

-

Scheduled to report on 182 in 2018

15

INDIA

X

X

-

Scheduled to report on 138, 182 in 2019 first report

14

KENYA

X

X

-

Scheduled to report on 182 in 2018

16

< LIBERIA

-

X

-

Scheduled to report on 182 in 2018

NA

NEPAL

X

X

-

Scheduled to report on 138, 182 in 2018

14

NETHERLANDS

X

X

-

Scheduled to report on 138, 182 in 2018

15

PHILIPPINES

X

X

X

Scheduled to report on 138, 182 in 2019

15

SIERRA LEONE

X

X

-

UGANDA

X

X

-

Scheduled to report on 138, 182 in 2019. Based on previous reporting requests not likely to report Scheduled to report on 138, 182 in 2019. Based on previous reporting requests not likely to report

Direct requests regarding GAA themes

On 182 regarding domestic workers

On 138, school enrolement, 182 Free education and the risk of sexual exploitaion On 182, slavery, trafficking, access to free education, On 182 access to free basic education

on 182 victims of trafficking, 189 child domestic workers

15

14

on 182 child domestic workers, free basic education, trafficking.

<

Plan Nederland Stadhouderskade 60 1072 AC Amsterdam Tel: +31 (0)20-5495555 www.plannederland.nl

<

Defence for Children â&#x20AC;&#x201C; ECPAT Hooglandse Kerkgracht 17G 2312 HS Leiden Tel: +31 (0)71-516 09 80 www.defenceforchildren.nl

Terre des Hommes Zoutmanstraat 42 -44 2518 GS Den Haag Tel: +31 (0)70-310 5000 www.terredeshommes.nl

The Girls Advocacy Alliance is one of the strategic partners of the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the Dialogue and Dissent framework.