Tennyson High School Farm - Draft Existing Conditions Report

TENNYSON HIGH SCHOOL FARM EXISTING CONDITIONS REPORT MARCH 2022

PREPARED BY:

VERDE DESIGN FOR THE:

HAYWARD UNIFIED SCHOOL DISTRICT

TA BLE OF CONTENTS 01 SITE ASSESSMENT SUMMARY

02 SITE INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS

01 | SITE ASSESSMENT SUMMARY TENNYSON HIGH SCHOOL FARM In February of 2022, Verde Design was retained by the Hayward Unified School District to provide analysis and design services related to the Tennyson High School Community Garden, also known as the Tennyson High School Farm. The scope of work for this project generally includes site inventory and analysis, community outreach, and preparation of a final conceptual design. Ancillary work includes construction cost estimating, preparation of reports and recommendations, shade study, circulation review, and soils analysis. The goal of the project is to address the concerns raised by the District regarding access and maintenance of the site as well as address the needs and concerns of the community stakeholder groups that operate and maintain the Farm. Through this endeavor, it is the hope of the District to garner public support and generate funding for future improvements.

SITE INTRODUCTION The existing community garden is located at 27035 Whitman St, Hayward, CA 94544 and covers approximately 1-acre. It is bounded on the south side of the campus, bordered on the north by the Tennyson High School parking lot, to the west

by Tennyson High School’s athletic fields, to the south by a residential development, and by the Bridge of Faith Church to the east. The garden consists of a series of raised beds separated by unpaved walkways, with fruit trees, a pergola, and several small storage sheds.

One of many home-made signs found at the Tennyson High School Farm

The scope of the proposed improvements will be shaped largely by community input, but the District has identified a list of requirements from a safety and liability standpoint that will need to be addressed as part of this project. These include the following items:

• Establish a clear check-in/check-out process and control access to the garden during and after school hours • Improve maintenance vehicle access and green waste collection processes performed by the District • Develop a fire safety program that adheres to fire department requirements • Identify and regulate water usage • Make any accessibility improvements as required for DSA access review As part of the proposed improvements, the preliminary design will incorporate community input and include enhancements to the functional and aesthetic qualities of the site.

Existing pergola located at the center of the Tennyson High School Farm

Existing Conditions Report for the Tennyson High School Farm | March 2022 | Verde Design

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01 | SITE ASSESSMENT SUMMARY SITE INVENTORY/ANALYSIS The first step of this project began with a thorough investigation. During the site inventory and analysis process we reviewed existing utility and as-built documents and utilized an existing topographic survey obtained during the 2015 stadium renovation project.

After obtaining this general site information, the consultant team met on-site with District staff to perform a walk through and site inventory. The Verde Design team visited the site with District staff to confirm our understanding of the existing conditions and better evaluate the opportunities and constraints for developing the specific improvements identified for this project. Detailed site investigations to-date have included a detailed soil analysis, sun/shade study, and circulation review. The information gathered during these investigations has been reviewed and compiled into this report.

(CONT.)

NEXT STEPS The information gathered during the site inventory and analysis will be presented to the community stakeholders with support from the District. It is the goal of the community meeting to communicate the needs and concerns of the District to the stakeholder groups as well as identify the needs and concerns of the stakeholder groups.

A preliminary conceptual site plan will be developed during the forthcoming community input process, incorporating improvements desired by the public and needs identified by the assessments. This preliminary conceptual site plan will be presented to the community stakeholders and District staff for further input and refinement culminating in a final conceptual design that will have taken into account the visions of the multi-faceted stakeholder groups that tend to the Tennyson High School Farm.

View of the Tennyson High School Farm showing the at-grade planters in the foreground and orchard in the background.

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02 | SITE INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS SITE INVENTORY The Tennyson High School Farm consists of a series of raised beds separated by unpaved walkways with fruit trees, a pergola, and several small storage sheds. In general, the main components are well-used and well-maintained, however, they show signs of aging and weathering. The garden has all the components necessary to successfully produce fruits and vegetables, though they may benefit from an overall design strategy to ensure durability and improve maintenance.

Irrigation valves are manually operated and predominantly irrigated with above-ground drip irrigation and hoses attached to hose bibs located throughout the site. A separate water meter for the site does not exist. The following is a site inventory. Refer to the Site Inventory Reference Plan for locations.

Typical planter made of wood with colorful paint and above-ground irrigation

SITE FURNISHINGS • Pergola • Seating: a mix of wood and aluminum picnic tables, wood benches, and plastic chairs • Hay bale seating circle

FARM COMPONENTS: • Orchard

• Informational signage

• Raised Planters • At-grade planters

MAINTENANCE ELEMENTS • Storage containers

• Uneven planted field

• Trash bins

• Beehives (two locations)

• Compost bins

• Greenhouse foundation (construction ceased)

• Green waste & pallet storage SIGNIFICANT TREES • Oak tree • Stone pine • Redwood tree • California pepper tree

A view showing miscellaneous seating and trash barrels Existing Conditions Report for the Tennyson High School Farm | March 2022 | Verde Design

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02 | SITE INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS

(CONT.)

SITE INVENTORY REFERENCE PLAN

LEGEND SITE ELEMENTS X X

1

ORCHARD

2

PLANTERS

3

AT-GRADE PLANTING BEDS

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SMALL BEEHIVE (6 BOXES)

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PERGOLA

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GREEN WASTE/PALLETS

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PICNIC TABLE AREA

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GREENHOUSE FOUNDATION

S4

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LARGE BEEHIVE (20+ BOXES)

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UNDEVELOPED GARDEN AREA

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HAY BALE CIRCLE

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GARDEN ENTRANCE AND STAIRS

SCHOOL PARKING LOT

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4’ CHAIN LINK FENCE

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S2

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S1

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T4

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PLAY

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T1

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FIELDS

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4’ CHAIN LINK FENCE

VEH

ICU

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LAR

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ACCESS

E L A N

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CHURCH PARKING LOT

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GREEN STORAGE CONTAINER

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ORANGE STORAGE CONTAINER

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BLUE STORAGE CONTAINER

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STORAGE CONTAINERS

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C3

T2

INFORMATIONAL SIGNAGE 6

CMU WALL ADJACENT TO RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES

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CALIFORNIA NATIVES SIGN

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WATER CONSERVATION SIGN

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HILLSIDE PLANTING SIGN

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COMPOST INFORMATIONAL SIGN

SIGNIFICANT TREES

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T1

OAK TREE

T2

STONE PINE

T3

REDWOOD TREE

T4

CALIFORNIA PEPPER TREE

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02 | SITE INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS

(CONT.)

SITE INVENTORY IMAGE REFERENCES 1

View of the orchard from the parking lot

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Aqua-colored pergola at the center of the farm

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Large beehive on the hill beside the concrete ramp

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Colorful raised planters with plot/plant IDs

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Green waste piles and pallets located underneath the large pine tree

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Planting beds among overgrown and uneven grounds at the southwest portion of the overall site

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Larger at-grade planting areas

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Picnic tables underneath the large pine tree

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Small beehive located at the north corner of the Farm

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Abandoned greenhouse foundation

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Hay bale circle at the base of the accessible ramp

Existing Conditions Report for the Tennyson High School Farm | March 2022 | Verde Design

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02 | SITE INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS

(CONT.)

SITE INVENTORY IMAGE REFERENCES S1

Water conservation sign behind the fence at the top of the ramp

T1

Young Oak Tree

C1

Green storage container

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S2

California natives sign behind the fence at the top of the ramp

T2

Stone Pine

C2

Red storage container at the base of the stairs

S3

Hillside planting guide behind the fence at the top of the ramp

T3

Redwood tree

C3

Blue storage container

S4

Compost sign at CMU wall adjacent to the church

T4

California Pepper Tree

02 | SITE INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS SITE CIRCULATION The Farm at Tennyson High School sits below an existing parking lot at the south edge of campus. There is a steep embankment between the parking lot and the Farm with grade changes ranging between roughly 5 feet at the northeast corner and 10 feet at the northwest corner, which creates some access challenges for both vehicles and pedestrians.

VEHICULAR ACCESS The Farm is located adjacent to an existing parking lot with accessible parking that has recently been updated in conjunction with the recent stadium improvements and new STEAM building.

Due to the steep grade changes at the parking lot, maintenance vehicle access for the removal of green waste requires a long, indirect path from the opposite side of the campus property, which proves to be a challenge for District maintenance staff. A double-swing chain link vehicular access gate is located at the northwest corner of the farm. Refer to the Context Circulation Diagram.

(CONT.)

PEDESTRIAN ACCESS The Farm is only accessible by entering through the campus, which has led to concerns over security and safety issues of non-registered guests entering the campus. The pedestrian access points are as follows: • The primary entrance is located along the southern edge of Lot A and consists of a chain link gate with stairs. The entrance currently does not meet accessibility standards due to the curb step at the entrance. Among other issues.

• The secondary entrance is located south of the new STEAM building and consists of a chain link gate and accessible ramp. This gate is only accessible from the campus interior.

• There is also a chain link gate between the Farm and the adjacent church parking lot at the northeast corner that is no longer functional.

Refer to the Site Access and Circulation Diagram.

INTERNAL CIRCULATION The pathways between the site elements are loosely defined and, as of late winter, are overgrown with seasonal grass.

The eastern half of the site has relatively even ground while the western half of the site is less maintained. Refer to the Site Access and Circulation Diagram.

Accessible parking stalls located in the parking lot adjacent to the Farm

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02 | SITE INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS

(CONT.)

CONTEXT CIRCULATION DIAGRAM

LOT C 56 STALLS 0 ACCESSIBLE STALLS

P

LOT B 15 STALLS 2 ACC / 1 VAN

P

LOT A 200 STALLS 4 ACC / 2 VAN

W H I T M A N

A V E

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LEGEND VEHICLE ACCESS MAINTENANCE VEHICLE ACCESS NORTH 0

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30

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180'

PEDESTRIAN ACCESS

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02 | SITE INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS

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(CONT.)

SITE ACCESS AND CIRCULATION DIAGRAM

F2

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ICU

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LEGEND F3

NORTH 0

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G1

10’ DOUBLE SWING MAINTENANCE GATE

G2

4’ ENTRY GATE WITH ACCESSIBLE RAMP

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4’ ENTRY GATE WITH STAIRS

G4

4’ GATE AT CHURCH PARKING LOT

F1

4’ TALL CHAIN LINK FENCE

F2

8’ TALL ORNAMENTAL FENCE

F3

10’ CMU WALL

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02 | SITE INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS

(CONT.)

SITE ACCESS AND CIRCULATION IMAGE REFERENCES G1

G3

4’ swing gate at Lot A

F1

G4

4’ swing gate leading to the church parking lot

F2

Double swing gate used for maintenance access at the west edge of the site

G2

4’ chain link fence at Lot A

Ornamental fence in front of the new STEAM building

F3

4’ swing gate at accessible ramp

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10’ CMU wall that bounds the east and south edges

Ornamental gate at the new STEAM building

02 | SITE INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS SUN & SHADE ANALYSIS Sun is a vital component of a community garden. In addition to water, soil, and nutrients, the amount of sunlight and solar orientation of the garden components plays a large role in dictating the types of produce that can be grown. A solar analysis was completed to analyze the existing garden layout and outline areas that may be developed in the future.

SUN & SHADE METHODOLOGY Verde Design prepared a shade study to document sun and shade patterns throughout the day and with seasonal changes throughout the year. The series of diagrams on the next page shows shade patterns from morning, noon, and evening hours at different times of the year. These results were compiled

(CONT.)

into the composite sun/shade diagram on the next page to provide a summarization of daily and seasonal shade patterns.

ANALYSIS OF EXISTING SUN AND SHADE EXPOSURE As visible in the composite sun/shade diagram, a large portion of the site receives consistent sunshine throughout the day and year, but areas adjacent to mature trees and structures such as the CMU wall and the storage containers receive varying levels of exposure. This creates opportunities to maximize the placement of productive garden beds in sunny areas, while allowing opportunities for gathering/ seating and rest in shady areas.

The area underneath the stone pine in deep shade

Existing Conditions Report for the Tennyson High School Farm | March 2022 | Verde Design

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(CONT.)

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SUN & SHADE STUDY DIAGRAMS

Spring Noon

Spring PM

Summer AM

Summer Noon

Summer PM

Fall AM

Fall Noon

Fall PM

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Spring AM

Winter AM

Winter Noon

Winter PM

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02 | SITE INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS

(CONT.)

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COMPOSITE SUN & SHADE STUDY

PART SHADE

FULL SUN PART SHADE

FULL SUN

PART SHADE

FULL SHADE

PART SHADE

FULL SHADE FULL SUN PART SHADE

FULL SHADE

FULL SHADE

NORTH 0

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Existing Conditions Report for the Tennyson High School Farm | March 2022 | Verde Design

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60'

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02 | SITE INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS

(CONT.)

SOIL ANALYSIS The intent of the soil analysis is to determine if there are any underlying issues with the soil that may affect an area’s viability for growing produce as well as receive any recommendations for soil amendments.

Three soil samples were collected on March 4, 2022 by Verde Design: one in the undeveloped planting area, one in the atgrade planting area, and one in the orchard, refer to the Soil Testing Locations Diagram below for locations. A soil analysis was completed by Wallace Laboratories on March 16, 2022.

SOIL ANALYSIS RESULTS For the complete soil analysis, refer to the following Soil Analysis Report.

Preliminary recommendations include: • Increase soil organic matter (avoid use of high zinc compost) • Apply agricultural gypsum (calcium and sulfur) • Apply organic nitrogen (blood meal, fish emulsion)

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NORTH Soil sample locations

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(CONT.)

WALLACE LABORATORIES, LLC 365 Coral Circle El Segundo, CA 90245 phone (310) 615-0116 fax (310) 640-6863 March 16, 2022 Patrick Healy, pat@VerdeDesigninc.com Verde Design, Santa Clara 2455 The Alameda Santa Clara, CA 95050

Dear Patrick,

RE: Tennyson High School Community Garden The samples received March 11, 2022

S1 - Orchard, 6-8" The pH is moderately alkaline at 7.59. Normally the desired pH values are in the range of about 6.5 to 7.5.

Salinity is modest at 0.35 millimho/cm. Better growth generally occurs when salinity is between about 0.8 and 1.5 millimho/cm.

Nitrogen and sulfur are low. Phosphorus and boron are moderate. Potassium, iron, manganese, zinc, copper and magnesium are high. Zinc is 4 parts per million. The concentrations of common non-essential heavy metals are low.

High magnesium is undesirable. Magnesium limits the uptake of potassium and calcium.

It acts like sodium and disperses soil crumbs. Periodic additions of gypsum can be made to reduce the effects of high magnesium.

Sodium is low. SAR (sodium adsorption ratio) is safe at 0.3.

Soil organic matter is fairly good at 2.90% on a dry weight basis. The carbon:nitrogen ratio is low at 4.9. The soil organic matter is old. The desirable level of soil organic matter is between about 4% and 6% for clayey soil.

The benefits of moderate soil organic matter include: Maintenance of physical properties, soil aggregation, soil aeration, reduction in erosion potential, sufficient hydraulic conductivity, etc.

Increases water availability Provides for cation-exchange and base saturation Supplies available nutrients S2 - In-ground Garden Beds (Grade Planter), 6-8" Existing Conditions Report for the Tennyson High School Farm

| March 2022 | Verde Design

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The benefits of moderate soil organic matter include: Maintenance of physical properties, soil aggregation, soil aeration, reduction in erosion potential, sufficient hydraulic conductivity, etc.

Increases water availability (CONT.) Provides for cation-exchange and base saturation Supplies available nutrients

02 | SITE INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS

S2 - In-ground Garden Beds (Grade Planter), 6-8" Continuation, March 16, 2022, page 2 The pH is modestly alkaline at 7.32. Salinity is modest at 0.43 millimho/cm.

Nitrogen is low. Sulfur is modest. Boron is moderate. Phosphorus, potassium, iron, Soilcopper Analyses Plant Analyses manganese, zinc, and magnesium are high. ZincWater is highAnalyses at 38 parts per million.

Plant-available lead is modest at 6 parts per million.

Soil organic matter is 16.8% on a dry weight basis. The carbon:nitrogen ratio is 13.4.

The optimal concentration of zinc is several parts per million. Sensitive plants such as woody plants need plant available zinc below about 30 parts per million. Herbaceous plants including vegetables generally need zinc below about 50 parts per million. Grasses are fairly tolerant of high zinc. Excessively high levels of zinc cause stunting, dieback, discoloration and diseases. High zinc restricts the uptake of potassium and other micronutrients. Roots are generally short and stubby.

Normally for edible produce, plant-available lead should be less than about 30 parts per million.

Since heavy metals do not normally migrate through the soil profile, deeper soil is expected to be more suitable.

Due to the absence of new rooting, growth is stunted. Frequently the failure is due pathogens and diseases since the stressed plants are unable to ward off fungi and bacteria.

The effect of high zinc on some plants such as tomatoes is early senescence. The fruit does not ripen prior to plant failure from diseases.

The effects of heavy metals are cumulative and the concurrent presence of them increases their toxicity. The threshold concentrations may need to be reduced.

S3 - Garden Expansion Area (Uneven Field), 6-8" The pH is acidic at 5.82. Salinity is low at 0.20 millimho/cm.

Nitrogen is low. Sulfur is modest. Boron is moderate. Phosphorus, potassium, iron, manganese, zinc, copper and magnesium are high. Zinc is 19 parts per million. Soluble calcium is low. Plant-available lead is modest at 7 parts per million. Aluminum is high.

Sodium is low. SAR is safe at 0.3.

Aluminum restricts growth by interfering with the metabolism of phosphorus and calcium. It causes stunting and discoloration. Foliage may turn a dull gray green.

Aluminum is high in poorly aerated soil and in overly acidic soils. Soluble calcium helps to reduce the toxicity of aluminum.

Soil organic matter is 12.0% on a dry weight basis. The carbon:nitrogen ratio is good at 10.4. Soil organic matter is mature.

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The soil is hydrophobic. It is difficult to wet. Water beads up on the soil surface initially

calcium is low. Plant-available lead is modest at 7 parts per million. Aluminum is high.

Sodium is low. SAR is safe at 0.3.

Aluminum restricts growth by interfering with the metabolism of phosphorus and calcium. It causes stunting and discoloration. Foliage may turn a dull gray green.

(CONT.) Aluminum is high in poorly aerated soil and in overly acidic soils. Soluble calcium helps to reduce the toxicity of aluminum.

02 | SITE INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS

Soil organic matter is 12.0% on a dry weight basis. The carbon:nitrogen ratio is good at 10.4. Soil organic matter is mature.

16, 2022, 3 the soil surface initially The soil is hydrophobic. ItContinuation, is difficult toMarch wet. Water beadspage up on and then slowly moves into the soil.

Recommendations Apply agricultural at 20Plant poundsAnalyses per 1,000 square and incorporate 6 to 8 Soilgypsum Analyses Waterfeet Analyses inches deep.

Increase soil organic matter for S1 if it is being used for gardening. Avoid using compost which is high in zinc.

Apply nitrogen. The amount of needed nitrogen will vary with the phase of the cropping cycle and with the amount of production.

Organic nitrogen includes blood meal, feather meal, soybean meal, fish emulsion, etc.

Calcium ammonium nitrate (27-0-0) is a pH neutral inorganic source of nitrogen/ Ammonium sulfate (21-0-0) is a soil acidifier and is a inorganic source of nitrogen.

Calcium nitrate (15.5-0-0) will slowly increase the pH and to help aerated soil. It is an inorganic source of nitrogen.

Irrigate hydrophobic areas slowly. Use multiple starts and soaking periods between irrigation cycles. Slightly moist soils are easier to wet than dry soils. Balance soil aeration with soil moisture.

Continue to monitor the site with periodic soil and leaf tissue testing. Adjust the fertility program as needed.

Sincerely,

Garn A. Wallace, Ph. D. GAW:n

Existing Conditions Report for the Tennyson High School Farm | March 2022 | Verde Design

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02 | SITE INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS Mar. 15, 2022 Print Date Receive Date WALLACE LABS SOI LS REPORT Location Tennyson High School Community Garden 365 Coral Circle Requester Patrick Healy, Verde Design, Santa Clara El Segundo, CA 90245 (310) 615-0116 graphic interpretation: * very low, ** low, *** moderate ammonium bicarbonate/DTPA * * * * high, * * * * * very high

extractable - mg/kg soil

Interpretation of data low medium high 0 - 7 8-15 over 15 0-60 60 -120 121-180 0 - 4 4 - 10 over 10 0- 0.5 0.6- 1 over 1 0 - 1 1 - 1.5 over 1.5 0- 0.2 0.3- 0.5 over 0.5 0- 0.2 0.2- 0.5 over 1

The following trace elements may be toxic The degree of toxicity depends upon the pH of the soil, soil texture, organic matter, and the concentrations of the individual elements as well as to their interactions.

The pH optimum depends upon soil organic matter and clay contentfor clay and loam soils: under 5.2 is too acidic 6.5 to 7 is ideal over 8 is too alkaline The ECe is a measure of the soil salinity: 1-2 affects a few plants 2-4 affects some plants, > 4 affects many plants.

Sample I D Number

22-74-07

Saturation Extract pH value ECe (millimho/cm) calcium magnesium sodium potassium cation sum problems over 150 ppm chloride nitrate as N phosphorus as P toxic over 800 sulfate as S anion sum toxic over 1 for many plants boron as B increasing problems start at 4 SAR est. gypsum requirement-lbs./1000 square feet relative infiltration rate estimated soil texture lime (calcium carbonate) Total nitrogen, dry weight basis Total carbon, dry weight basis carbon:nitrogen ratio organic matter based on carbon moisture content of soil half saturation percentage

8.16 138.33 13.93 4.73 3.78 9.15 0.22 326.12 570.76 19.10 4.63 0.02 1.42 nd 0.03 1.58 0.08 nd 0.09 2.49 0.18 nd nd nd 1.63 nd 0.61

11 1 0.8 5.9

graphic *** **** **** **** **** ***** *** *** ***** * * *** ** * * * * * * ** * * * * * * *

millieq/l 2.6 1.1 0.3 0.1 4.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.8

0.07 * 0.3 * 109 slow/fair gravel > 2 mm clay 19.7% yes gravel > 1/4 inch 0.293% 10.1% 1.452% gravel > 1/2 inch 4.9 5.6% 2.90% 9.9% 37.9%

Elements are expressed as mg/kg dry soil or mg/l for saturation extract. pH and ECe are measured in a saturation paste extract. nd means not detected.

Analytical data determined on soil fraction passing a 2 mm sieve.

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22-74-08

7.59 **** 0.35 * 51.6 13.8 7.9 2.6

3/14/22

22-74-09

S2 - In-ground Garden Beds (Grade Planter), 6-8" graphic 57.68 ***** 386.93 ***** 48.89 ***** 19.73 ***** 37.96 ***** 9.86 ***** 0.46 *** 564.44 **** 260.89 ***** 24.08 * 27.95 ** 0.13 **** 3.44 ** nd * nd * 1.51 * 0.18 * nd * 0.21 * 6.27 *** 0.28 * nd * nd * 0.01 * 2.22 * nd * 0.75 *

Sample Description S1 - Orchard, 6-8"

elements phosphorus potassium iron manganese zinc copper boron calcium magnesium sodium sulfur molybdenum nickel aluminum arsenic barium cadmium chromium cobalt lead lithium mercury selenium silver strontium tin vanadium

(CONT.)

7.32 *** 0.43 ** 68.5 17.8 10.3 9.5 11 1 2.6 7.9

millieq/l 3.4 1.5 0.4 0.2 5.6 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.9

0.10 * 0.3 * 8 slow/fair gravel > 2 mm clay loam 17.2% no gravel > 1/4 inch 0.627% 9.0% 8.380% gravel > 1/2 inch 13.4 4.7% 16.76% 13.8% 41.6%

S3 - Garden Expansion Area (Uneven Field), 6-8" graphic 19.39 ***** 181.73 ***** 271.58 ***** 4.81 **** 19.27 ***** 13.30 ***** 0.43 *** 423.77 **** 424.33 ***** 27.07 * 25.10 ** 0.05 *** 7.74 *** 3.02 **** 0.24 * 2.66 * 0.20 * nd * 0.10 * 7.01 *** 0.25 * nd * nd * nd * 2.55 * nd * 0.45 *

5.82 ** 0.20 * 26.6 9.1 8.1 1.8 18 1 1.7 7.7

millieq/l 1.3 0.8 0.4 0.0 2.5 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.5 1.1

0.08 * 0.3 * 62 slow/fair gravel > 2 mm clay loam 0.3% no gravel > 1/4 inch 0.576% 0.0% 6.023% gravel > 1/2 inch 10.4 0.0% 12.05% hydrophobic 8.9% 41.5%