PetGroomer.com Magazine Spring 2016

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M A G A Z I N E Formerly “eGroomer Journal”

April / June 2016

Capture the Profile of the Bichon Using Two Different Techniques

By Christina Pawlosky A Well-Stocked Pet First Aid Kit Can You Legally Refuse to Serve Pet Owners?

Thumbs Up Groomers!

Solutions for Comb Attachment Problems

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Contest Open—Enter Today

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eGroomer Journal January / March 2014

15 INDUSTRY CALENDAR

APRIL 2016

PetGroomer.com Publications

AUGUST 2016

April 21 to 24, 2016

August 2 to 4, 2016

Northwest Grooming Show Tacoma, WA www.barkleigh.com

SuperZoo Las Vegas, NV www.superzoo.org

MAY 2016 May 6 to 8, 2016 Groom Classic Trade Show Kansas City, MO www.groomclassic.com

August 18 to 21, 2016 All American Grooming Show Wheeling, IL www.barkleigh.com

SEPTEMBER 2016

May 13 to 15, 2016

September 10 to 12, 2016

Mardi Gras Pet Expo New Orleans, LA www.mardigraspetexpo.com

Groom Wars Southwest San Antonio, TX www.groomwars.net

JUNE 2016 June 2 to 5, 2016 Intergroom Somerset, NJ www.intergroom.com

September 22 to 25, 2016 Groom Expo Hershey, PA www.barkleigh.com

OCTOBER 2016

June 4 to 6, 2016

October 13 to 16, 2016

Groom Wars Mid-Atlantic Greensboro, NC www.groomwars.net

New England Grooming Show Sturbridge, MA www.newenglandgrooms.com

June 23 to 26, 2016

October 28 to 30, 2016

PetQuest Wilmington, OH www.barkleigh.com

NDGAA Fun in the Sun Orlando, FL www.ndgaa.com

JULY 2016

NOVEMBER 2016

July, 2016

October 13 to 16, 2016

Groom Texas Houston, TX

Pet Stylist International Oconomowoc, WI

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Capture the Profile of the Bichon Using Two Different Techniques

By Christina Pawlosky Through pictures and explanation you will see how to transform a Bichon using two very different techniques. You can create a beautiful show profile by scissoring or a slightly more tailored profile by using Oster® Metal Guide Combs (GC*) over a #10, #15 or 30 blade. The transformation is almost identical between the two techniques.

One is more manageable for a pet owner, more consistent and less time consuming for you.

There's nothing more beautiful than a hand scissored ring-ready Bichon. But the problem is many pet owners can't care for the correct amount of Bichon coat required when in show condition.

But we still have to go through the same thought process. The first thing you must understand is that the breed standard and that the profile doesn’t really change between the two

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BEFORE techniques. What changes is how we get to the end result and the amount of coat we leave based on the owner ability to care for it.

Start with the Hydrosurge® Hypo allergic Shampoo; make sure to clean the face and ears until you feel them squeak. Use the Hydrosurge® Milk Bath Conditioner, rinse until you feel the coat squeak again. This light conditioning will make the hair more manageable.

Remember to dry the dog immediately following the bath to insure the coat is curl free and perfectly dry. Then follow with line brushing and a heated fluff dryer. Finish the prep by running a comb throught the coat. At this point it should glide through the coat. This is important because you want your Oster ® Metal Guide Combs (GC*) to glide through the coat as well.

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AFTER BODY On the body you can either scissor or clip the body with a GC* of your choice depending on the dogs’ structure and pet parents’ ability to care for the coat. I scissored the right side of the dog and on the left side I used a ¾ inch GC* on Diva’s body pictured. Create a wellsprung rib, pronounced chest, a slight tuck up and level top line. Visually you

should be able to divide the dog in half at the elbows. Blend hips and shoulders into the legs to show slight muscling or roundness but good structure and angulation. Remember the dog should have a powder puff look and has approximately 1” inch of coat on the body when ring ready. For my pet clients ring ready is not an option. The body coat on my finished pet trims

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BEFORE varies between a ½ inch and ¾ inch of body coat.

REAR LEGS I finish the rear legs first once I have the body outlined. With the leg on the ground, scissor or clip to create good angulation. If clipping reverse starting at the bend in the back leg clipping upward to the pin bone with a ½ GC*.

This accentuates the rear angulation.

Create a straight line on the inside of both back legs by scissoring or clipping with a ½” GC*. Touch the thickest part of the inside thigh and blend straight down. On the outside of the leg either scissor or use an GC* size 1 ¼ inch tight or shorter if desired but remember legs are straight and parallel to each other. Scissor the feet round, being careful not to over trim. The trimmed

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AFTER leg should look like a column with good angulation and feet hidden in the column.

FRONT LEGS On the front legs scissor or clip the inside of both front legs. If clipping using a ½” GC* and with the leg on the ground touch the inside top of the leg and blend straight down. You want to see some day light between the legs.

Bichon’s have a well sprung rib and if you leave the leg coat touch it makes them look narrow in the chest. Next blend down from the shoulder using the same GC* as used on the back leg clipping the outsides and front of both legs. Depending on the dogs structure the coat on the back of the leg may vary. The coat on the neck should be blended to line up with the coat on the

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BEFORE

(Continued from page 21)

back of the front leg. Scissor the feet being careful not to over trim them. The completed front legs should look like straight columns with legs parallel, day light between them and feet hidden in the column. Finishing the feet on both front and rear legs are similar. Clip the pads clean using Oster® Juice trimmer on the middle setting or use a #10

blade on you regular Oster® clipper.

Comb all the coat downward and hold the coat down so you can trim level with the pad of the feet on the front and two sides. Then on the back of the foot hold the coat down and only trim the coat that hangs past the middle of the foot, past the big pad in the center of the foot. This will leave enough coat on the

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AFTER

(Continued from page 23)

back of the feet to just touch the ground to create the look of round columns sitting on the ground. For safety, do not scissor directly over the pads of the feet.

HEAD On the head I start trimming around the eyes using the Oster® Lithium Ion Juice® clipper on the middle (#10

blade) setting. Remove the hair from the inside corner of each eye and between them. In the AKC Bichon breed standard it says a line drawn from the outside corner of the eyes and to the nose will create a near equilateral triangle. So when trimming I try and create a triangle pointing toward the end of the nose. You may also clip under the eye only removing coat from

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BEFORE (Continued from page 24)

soft part of the eye sockets if desired.

Using the blunt tip shear, remove the eyelashes. Then shape the coat above the eye in a curved arch, cutting at an angle from between the eyes pointing back to just past the eye about ¼”.

Never lift the ears when cutting in your lines. When trimming the ears into the

head it should appear as part of the entire frame of the face. The eyes and nose should come just above or very close to the center of the round head.

So on the muzzle use a ¾“ GC* and cut the coat off under the jaw or scissor it.

Then use that length to set the bottom of your head. I comb all the coat down and any coat longer then the chin hair is remove to just below and behind where the jaw stops. Combing the head hair

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AFTER (Continued from page 26)

forward in small sections, using scissors and the line created when you cut in the eyes, cut each layer so that it blends into the first one. Nothing should be hanging past your line set when cutting in over the eyes. When you get to the occiput, leave a nice arch and then blend the skull into the neck coat.

The neck should appear long. In the breed standard the neck is 1/3 as long as the length of the entire body. So make sure to leave additional hair to fill in from the back of the skull to the withers and blend smoothly into the level back and top-line. Leave this additional coat will create the illusion of a longer neck. To clip the front of the dog use the same GC* as on the body and make sure to take the throat tight

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(Continued from page 27)

and cut on a 45 degree angle into the front of the front leg, this will accentuate the pronounced chest.

Now to finish the tail, which should be carried over the back and centered between the illium and the ishium. Scissor hair starting at the bottom the pin bone and follow the pelvis. Push the tail forward and trim the back of the tail into the rear angle about a 30-degrees. Then pull the tail down to touch up the top side. Scissor the length of the tail to remove damaged ends.

Creating the Bichon look should be a pleasant experience for the groomer and the dog. Choosing the right tools and the length that suits the dog and the owner best is essential for a great grooming experience. ▀

Tools and Products Used for the Bichon Trim 

Coat misted with HydroSurge® Finishing Spray.



A 10 inch poodle comb was used with long smooth lifting strokes.



All blades sizes mentioned can be used on any Oster® A6, Oster® Pro 3000i, Oster® VOLT, Oster® A5 clippers and any other clipper that uses regular blades.



All shears used were Oster® Super Steels™ Convex 2 line



GC* Oster® Metal Guide Combs used over an Oster® #10, #15 or #30 blade.

Christina Pawlosky Professional groomer Christina (Chris) Pawlosky is a Certified Master Groomer National Dog Groomers Association of America, Inc. (NDGAA), Certified Feline Master Groomer with National Cat Groomers Institute of America, Inc (CFMG), Pet Tech certified in CPR and Pet First Aid, member of the Professional Cat Groomers Association of America, Oster® National Training Manager and brand ambassador. Christina is the owner of the Pet Connection in Warren, OH.

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Thumbs Up Groomers!

As groomers we don’t just use our

GroomFit by Vera Needham

hands, we overuse our hands. With 27 bones, 29 joints and 123 ligaments in each hand it's no wonder that pet stylists often develop hand pain. Consider

position and there was weakness and pain. Next I started to notice a dull ache at the base of my left thumb.

the finger strength it takes to hold the

There are two common problems that

paw of a dog that is resisting having its

can affect groomers causing pain

nails cut.

around the thumb; DeQuervain’s Syn-

I never thought much about my hands

drome or Basal Joint Arthritis.

until a few months ago when I lifted a

One of the tests for DeQuervain’s is

dog by the front paws to shave his belly.

called the Finkelstein test. To perform

I had a hard time holding the paws in

this test, put your hand out as if you

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were going to shake hands, place your

position are often painful. Splinting at

thumb in the palm of your hand, and

night to give the hand rest may help. It

wrap your fingers gently around the

is important to keep the hands open as

thumb. Imagine you have a pitcher in

much as possible. Groomers are holding

your hand and you are pouring milk by

tools all day. Opening our hands allow

tipping the fist forward. If this move-

the muscles to lengthen and relax.

ment is painful it may be DeQuervain’s.

This syndrome is results from inflammation of two major tendons and may be caused by overuse.

I passed the Finkelstein test and decided I was dealing with basal arthritis.

Noticing stiffness in your hands in the morning or at night, loss of strength,

Tissue that attaches bones to muscles

aching after a day of work, a bump or

is called a tendon. Overworked tendons

enlarged joint may signify osteoarthritis.

get strained and irritated and they swell.

Scissoring is not a natural movement.

Sometimes tendons have to go through

Thousands of repetitive movements of

small spaces. Swelling prevents tendons

the thumb wear away cartilage causing

from gliding smoothly. This can cause

cumulative trauma at the joint.

pain, popping or a catching feeling.

Cartilage is a smooth, rubbery connec-

DeQuervain’s and Basal (thumb) arthri-

tive tissue at the end of joint that pro-

tis may have similar symptoms. Groom-

tects bones. It provides cushioning so

ers may notice twinges at the base of

bones don’t rub together. Once cartilage

the thumb or on the thumb side of the

is gone it doesn’t grow back.

wrist. Pain could have gradual onset or can be quite sudden and can travel up the forearm. Symptoms often get worse

Large joints have muscles around them.

Exercise can help stabilize these muscles. Fingers don’t have muscles. The

when forcefully grabbing. Movements

(Continued on page 34)

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Clip Shoppe School of Dog Grooming New Jersey - www.clipshoppeschoolofdoggrooming.com

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muscles that move your fingers are lo-

ful. Trust your body and do whatever

cated in the palm and up in the mid

works best for you.

forearm. They're connected to the finger bones by tendons which pull and move your fingers like the strings of a marionette.

For many groomers, over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medications such as ibuprofen are effective and topical pain relieving gels provide relief. Ergonomic

I wasn't certain exercise would be as ef-

swivel shears may help minimize stress

fective with fingers for this reason. For-

to the joints. If you are not getting

tunately I have been using a piece of

enough relief with oral drugs you may

equipment I designed for groomers

need to ask your doctor about options.

called The BarberStick in a stroke recov-

TAPING

ery program. Many participants had lost mobility in one hand. This therapeutic program included many exercises for hands and fingers for this reason.

To minimize the risk of repetitive strain injury it important to keep wrists in neutral position. This will help decompress the median nerve and provides maxi-

A few weeks ago I noticed I was holding a dog up without pain. Something I hadn’t been able to do just a few months ago.

mum space for tendons to glide. Taping is a great tool to increase awareness of how much use your wrists during the day. Start by laying your arm flat on a

For groomers experiencing hand pain

table palms down. Try placing a small

ice helps reduce swelling so it can be

piece of non flexible white First Aid Tape

helpful in tendonitis type injuries.

from your wrist to about an inch below

Warmth can loosen tissue and relax

your knuckle. If you bend your wrist the

joints. It sometimes helps to soak hands

tape will pop off. Try this for a day.

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Tick Tock

Thumb Extension Self Massage Use The BarberStick or a cork and gen-

focusing on the thumb side of the hand to release overworked muscles. Next

tly roll back and forth across the palm eGroomer Journal www.egroomer.com Subscribe Free PetGroomer.com Magazine www.petgroomermagazine.com Subscribe Free

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MERRYFIELD SCHOOL OF PET GROOMING eGroomer Journal January / March 2014

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Fort Lauderdale, Florida

(954) 771-4030

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place The BarberStick or tennis ball on the table and try to turn and you roll on the muscle of the forearm. Continue for 30 seconds.

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37

Thumb Extension Place your palm flat on a table with The BarberStick or book over the thumb for resistance. Lift the thumb and release.

Tick Tock and Thumb Stretch

Repeat 12 to 15 times.

Keep your elbow next to the Body and

When we scissor and brush all day we

turn The BarberStick or hammer to a 3

use muscles that close the thumb. It is

o'clock and 9 o'clock position. Repeat 8

important to strengthen the muscles to

times. Next reach the other hand under

open and stretch the thumb and hand.

The BarberStick and hold the thumb to

(Continued on page 38)

assist the stretch. Hold for 30 seconds.

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As Clint Eastwood said, “Sometimes if you want to see change for the better, you have to take things into your own hands.” ▀

Vera Needham

PIP Extension Tendon Gliding Support the hand so you can only flex the last joint of the finger. This may help release trapped tendons.

Vera Needham is a Medical Exercise Specialist, Pilates Pro Trainer and has been a professional Dog Groomer for over 30 years.

Physiotherapy uses exercise to prevent injury.

The same type of exercise can be used to prevent injury. Who better than a dog groomer to know the vulnerabilities of the trade? We seem to accept pain as a way of life. Often it doesn’t have to be. Vera’s mission is to educate fellow groomers on injury prevention through exercise. Groom Fit is the result of twenty years of extensive study.

Website: www.tubeefit.ca E-Mail: groomfit@yahoo.com

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y t i n u t r o p p Franchise O

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Our business model includes tested operational systems and a highly effective mentor program that focuses on your growth. Puparazzi offers an excellent opportunity to help you achieve your goals and become part of a the multibillion dollar pet care industry. As a franchisor we will be there to support and guide you every step of the way. Š 2014 Find A Groomer Inc. All rights reserved Call 1-888-476-6625 or visit us at www.puparazzimobile.com

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With the training, hands-on education and acquired skill sets our students develop, our pupils graduate with the ability to successfully seek and maintain employment, as highly accomplished pet groomers or assistant groomers. www.petsplayground.com eGroomer Journal www.egroomer.com Subscribe Free

Pompano Beach, FL

954-782-4994

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Solutions for Common Problems When Using Comb Attachments

By Jeff Andrews, Northern Tails Sharpening If you know what to look for there are preventative solutions to common problems associated with using comb attachments. It is not always the blade. Most of the problems are with the comb, clipper or blade, and how you use them.

When hair jams between the blade and comb the problem is not the cutting performance of the blade. Usually something is loose in the cutting system. Any movement with the hinge, blade or the comb itself is the cause.

If you use combs frequently, especially on Andis clippers, the hinge screws can loosen from the pull and vibration of the comb through coat. Screws loosen because they are usually in plastic threads inside clipper housings, not metal ones. Check the screws weekly. If they turn even a tiny bit it could result in common problems like cornrows in the coat with or without a comb.

(Continued on page 43)

Jeff Andrews is "One of America's Favorite Sharpeners."

Along with his years of grooming experience in two of his own shops, he is a "World Class Sharpener" that can sharpen all grooming equipment to better than new condition. Jeff is an author and pioneer of many maintenance and grooming video's and articles. They are for groomers who want to make their equipment last longer and save money on their sharpening costs. These videos and articles are on his website free to download and keep for reference. www.northerntails.com eGroomer Journal www.egroomer.com Subscribe Free PetGroomer.com Magazine www.petgroomermagazine.com Subscribe Free

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(Continued from page 42)

Hair may also jam on the comb.

The blade itself may have issues. Socket ears that stick up have to be straight up and down, not tilted outwards to each side. Otherwise you will hear “blade rattle” from a loose blade causing movement that creates cornrows and hair jamming between the comb and blade. Even a worn out blade drive can cause the same thing symptoms.

Using combs frequently reduces the life of blade drives.

Combs can have issues as well without adequate maintenance. Deck plates which hold blades can get bent from putting blades on and off.

Pulling back on the spring can bend the riser at the rear. The result is the blade will not seat snug on the comb. As you push the comb through coat, the blade is moves around on the comb and it causes hair to snag between the comb and blade. Make sure your plate looks like the one in the picture. If it doesn’t, use pliers to bend it back into shape.

One common misconception is that you HAVE to use a #30 blade on a comb. Not true. You can use any blade that will fit on your comb. If hair does not feed into the comb, the hair has to go someplace. If it’s not cut it usually goes under the comb, or gets jammed between the blade and comb. Try a #9 blade. It is a flatter blade and has more space between the teeth and the hair feeds much better. The #9 blade works better on ANY coat.

Suggestion: When you get a new blade, or a blade back from the sharpener, test it.

Try the blade on a dog (perhaps the belly) before putting the comb on it. If it cuts hair without a comb, and doesn’t cut hair with the comb, the problem isn’t the blade. Next look for something loose in your system. ▀

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Northern Tails Sharpening, Inc. You Now Have a Better Choice!

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We are an Andis Regional Distributor and Repair Center Check out our website’s free instructional videos and articles helping you to maintain your clippers and blades. It’s free to download!

Jeff is a Master Sharpener and Certified Pet Groomer. He knows how your tools should perform. He won’t sharpen worn out tools which could harm animals. His office will call you if any of your tools look bad.

Please call or visit our website for mailing information. http://www.northerntails.com/

SINCE 1995

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Career Opportunities At Zoomin Groomin®, we believe it is our duty to nurture the complete health and well-being of animals. We are here to help pet parents navigate the ups and downs of pet parenthood. Our Zoomin Groomin® family is made up of pet lovers who unselfishly put the needs of others before their own. Moreover, like all great families, this one offers the support and inspiration we need to thrive. That is the Power of the Zoomin Groomin® team.

We are looking for pet lovers to join our team, with the potential opportunity for the “top dogs” to operate their own business. As a Pet Groomer with Zoomin Groomin®, you will help pet’s look and feel their best. We are looking for you to provide grooming services that enhance the positive union of pet and pet parent. To do so, you will passionately live out the varied duties of your role. Zoomin Groomin® is a franchise that has helped people get into their own business in the fast growing market for mobile pet grooming. eGroomer Journal

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Come learn more about our employment opportunities, click here.

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Our school is not just about pet grooming. It’s about pets, the petparents, our community and our role in pet rescue efforts by 46 the right habits and approach Copyright 2013 A Groomer All the rights reserved Subscribe www.egroomer.com creating to eachŠpet andFind their parents. Inc. From class room to the Lab, and from our receptionist to our CEO, we only have one goal: To improve the pet industry one pet at a time! One Student at a time! Please visit our web site for more information www.johnpaulpetschool.com.

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A Well-Stocked Pet First Aid Kit

By Mary Oquendo, CMPTI, CCS

Like most groomers I change products and equipment as newer and better products come along.

My first aid kit is no exception.

I reevaluate my first aid kit on a yearly basis, as well as replace anything that has expired. A wellstocked first aid kit allows you to attend to injuries quickly, which in

turn reduces pain and speeds healing. That’s a win-win for all parties concerned.

Here is my list of essential items for a professional groomer’s first aid kit. Items marked with an * have expiration dates.

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1. *Activated charcoal is used to absorb ingested poisons. Any item in my kit that is intended for poisoning will NOT be used unless directed by a veterinarian. Protocols vary and what will help in one instance can cause harm in another. This may need to be ordered from a pharmacy, as it usually is not stocked.

2. Antibiotic cream for wounds. I do not use triple antibiotic as I groom cats. While it is rare, cats may have an allergy to such products. The combination of the three ingredients may cause a fatal reaction in some cats.

3. *Antihistamine and safety pin for minor allergic reactions. I specifically look for diphenhydramine gels with liquid centers. The safety pin is used to puncture the gel cap and squirt the liquid directly onto to the tongue of the pet. It is the fastest way for an anaphylactic pet to absorb the antihistamine. Consult a veterinarian for proper dosing. Not all pets can safely use antihistamines as it may interfere with other medications and medical conditions.

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4. Baking soda to absorb topical poisons or chemicals.

5. Band aids for myself. This is the one item that is replenished on a regular basis.

6. Bandanas have multiple uses.

They replace triangular bandages and can be used as slings to take the weight off of an injured limb.

7. Expired gift cards are always saved. They are a perfect size to cushion pad injuries on larger pets.

I place gauze on both sides of the card and securely wrap the cards and gauze to the paw with vet wrap.

In addition, the cards can flick out bee stingers. Place the card at the base of the stinger where it meets the skin and lift up and out.

8. *Eyewash serves double duty.

It can be used to flush out both eyes and wounds.

9. Gauze comes in three varieties: gauze roll, gauze pads, and nonstick gauze pads. Gauze roll is wider and used for larger wounds. The nonstick gauze, while more expensive, is placed directly on the wound and then cheaper gauze placed on top. The nonstick gauze will not remove the scab

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when it is time to replace the bandaging.

10. Honey packets for hypoglycemic pets. Stress, seizures, as well as an owner giving a diabetic pet too much insulin can result in low blood sugar. This is a serious condition that may result in the death of the pet. Signs include listlessness, staggering, tremors, muscle weakness, and seizures. Do not give the pet honey unless directed by a veterinarian.

11. *Hydrogen peroxide to induce vomiting in a dog. As this is used for poisoning, consult a veterinarian first. Dosage will vary. Vomiting is not a given for poisoning. If it is caustic, it will burn the throat on its way out. You cannot use hydrogen peroxide to induce vomiting in cats.

Cats cannot metabolize hydrogen peroxide. Open hydrogen peroxide degrades over time and becomes water.

12. Ice will constrict blood flow and slow bleeding. I do not keep ice in my pet first aid kit. Most people keep ice in a freezer, unless of course you are my husband. Ask me about that if you see me at a trade show.

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13. Liquid bandage is an asset if you know how to use it properly.

Used incorrectly, it can damage surrounding tissue, as well as trap bacteria in the wound. Your veterinarian can instruct you in proper usage. I do not use superglue. It is not manufactured for medical use and as such, the manufacturer can change ingredients and formulation without consideration for safety on wounds.

14. Muzzles are a must. If you need to use your pet first aid kit, this pet is likely in pain. Any pet that is in pain is a bite risk.

15. Plastic baggies to collect a vomit or fecal sample. This may be necessary if the pet has been poisoned and you are unsure of what was ingested. When not in use, it can store smaller items for easy accessibility.

16. Rubber gloves to protect you from any zoonotic and also to collect vomit or fecal samples.

17. Sanitary napkins will absorb blood.

18. Squirt bottle to deliver hydrogen peroxide down the throat of a dog.

(Continued on page 51)

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19. Styptic powder for use on nails only. It stings and this pet is already in pain. In addition, styptic powder is not sterile and you may introduce bacteria into the wound.

20. Tea bags contain tannic acid. It is effective in stopping bleeding.

While sugar is effective, I do not recommend it because the pet may be diabetic.

21. Vet wrap is wonderful and keeps the wound secure and dry.

Vet wrap is also expensive. The human counterpart, which is the exact same thing, is a fraction of the cost. Keep in mind that vet wrap will constrict as the pet moves and reduce blood flow. This will cause a serious medical condition.

22. *Wound cleanser. You have several options. The first is sterile saline solution, also known as eyewash. The second is a Chlorohexidine based cleanser. This is easy to find. Almost any store that sells first aid items carries it.

The third is my personal choice. I use Vetericyn products. Do not use hydrogen peroxide as it degrades surrounding tissue and cats cannot metabolize it, nor alcohol as it stings. Do not use sterile, tap or bottled water. It disrupts the salt balance of cells and slows healing.

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Mary Oquendo CMPTI, CCS

Owner and stylist of Pawsitively Pretty Mobile Grooming Salon in Danbury, Connecticut, I am one of only 13 Certified Master Pet Tech Instructors worldwide. My wellattended first aid and other pet educational seminars are offered across the country. I take a holistic approach to handling animals, and this is evident in my titles of both Reiki Master and Certified Crystal Therapist. I am the East Coast Chair of the Professional Cat Groomers Association of America, as well as a Certified Master Cat Groomer and certifier. I am a proud member of the New England Pet Grooming Professionals organization, and am a Certified Canine Specialist with PIJAC.I am the founder of Pawsitive Educational Training, The online source for continuing pet education.

I was nominated for the coveted Cardinal Crystal Mobile Groomer of the Year in 2011. My passion is to bring educational opportunities to groomers and pet owners everywhere. I share my heart and home with my husband Ernesto and 4 spoiled dogs.

GroomWise Blog: http:// groomwise.typepad.com/ pet_first_aid_care/ Website: http://www.maryoquendo.com

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Can Your Business Legally Refuse to Serve Pet Owners?

Some businesses, including groomers, display signs saying, “We reserve the right to refuse service to anyone.” What do these signs really mean? Can you, a business owner, just refuse service to someone? Fact is, not always.

As pet care business owners we need to know when a refusal to serve someone is justified or possibly discrimination in a world of changing laws.

Pet groomers are not as likely to face accusations of discrimination but we (Continued on page 54)

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may refuse services at times. Perhaps we should take a fresh look at refusing services, starting with the basics and what is happening in some states this year with new legislation.

THE BASICS At the heart of the debate is a system of anti-discrimination laws enacted by federal, state and local governments. The entire United States is covered by the Federal Civil Rights Act of 1964, which prohibits discrimination by privately owned places of public accommodation on the basis of race, color, religion or national origin. Places of “public accommodation” include hotels, restaurants, theaters, banks, health clubs and stores. Nonprofit organizations such as churches are generally exempt from the law.

The right of public accommodation is also guaranteed to disabled citizens under the Americans with Disabilities Act, which prohibits discrimination by private businesses based on disability.

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so gays are not a protected group under the federal law. However, about 20 states, including New York and California, have enacted laws that prohibit discrimination in public accommodations based on sexual orientation. In California, you also can’t discriminate based on someone’s unconventional dress. In some states, like Arizona, there’s no state law banning discrimination against gays, but there are local laws in some cities that prohibit sexual orientation discrimination.

The fact is, according to civil rights and business law experts, when business owners hang up open signs, whether literally or figuratively, they have a responsibility to treat all customers equally under the law. State and federal civil rights laws prohibit employment discrimination and discrimination in places of public accommodation for reasons of race, color, national origin/ancestry, sex/ gender, religion/creed and disability (physical and mental).

So, no matter where you live, you cannot deny service to someone because of his or her race, color, religion, national

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origin or disability. In some states and cities, you also cannot discriminate against people because of their sexual orientation. If there is no state, federal or local law prohibiting discrimination in public businesses against a particular group of people, then you can usually legally refuse to serve that group of people.

PUBLIC NOTICE SIGNS Eunice Rho, advocacy and policy counsel for the ACLU’s national office in Washington D.C., said "When it comes to signs asserting the right to refuse service, those signs are meaningless."

She continued, “I want to make it clear that those kinds of signs are a bit of a fiction. You do not have the right to refuse service to anybody…there are protected classes. There are state laws, federal laws and...(sometimes)...local laws that provide protection against discrimination. So that business owner does not have an overriding right to trump those laws,” Rho said.

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WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO DISCRIMINATE AGAINST SOMEONE? If there’s an anti-discrimination law, does that mean that a business can never refuse service to a member of a group that is protected from discrimination?

In most U.S. states, the answer is that you can refuse to serve someone even if they’re in a protected group, but the refusal can’t be arbitrary and you can’t apply it to just one group of people.

To avoid being arbitrary, there must be a reason for refusing service and you must be consistent. There could be a dress code to maintain a sense of decorum, or fire code restrictions on how many people can be in your place of business at one time, or a policy related to the health and safety of your customers and employees. But you can’t just randomly refuse service to someone because you don’t like the way they look or dress.

Second, you must apply your policy to everyone. For example, you can’t turn away a black person who’s not wearing (Continued on page 57)

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a tie and then let in a tieless white man.

You also can’t have a policy that sounds like it applies to everyone but really just excludes one particular group of people.

So, for example, a policy against wearing headscarves in a restaurant would probably be discriminatory against Muslims. A couple of recent court cases illustrate the fine line between discrimination and a justifiable refusal of service. In each case, a Colorado baker was sued for violating discrimination laws.

In the first case, the baker refused service to a customer who wanted her to bake a cake with anti-gay Bible verses on it. The customer argued that he was discriminated against because of his religious beliefs. But the court ruled that this was not discrimination because the baker had a consistent policy of refusing to create cakes that used derogatory language or imagery.

In the second case, a baker refused to create a wedding cake for a same-sex couple, saying that it violated his religious beliefs. The court held the baker liable, saying that his reason was just a

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pretext for discriminating against gays.

Which brings us back to the original signs. “We reserve the right to refuse service to anyone” sounds vague and arbitrary. Remember, a business cannot randomly refuse to serve someone.

WHEN PET GROOMERS CAN REFUSE SERVICES Sometimes pet groomers do refuse grooming services. Is it discrimination?

It could be. For example, if the refusal is arbitrary and the pet owner is a member of protected group, it would likely be ruled discriminatory. However, if the refusal is not arbitrary and relates to an evenly applied policy for the protection of the health and safety of the pet groomers (employed or self-employed) and/or the safety of pet(s) involved in the refusal, it is not likely to be discrimination.

Some groomers legally refuse to serve behavioral pets that could put the owner/groomer or employees at risk.

Other groomers legally refuse services because grooming could aggravate and worsen health conditions of the involved

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pets. The best way to handle the latter is to clearly advise pet owners your refusal is based on your concern for the care and safety of their pets.

In our pet care business we actually did this in writing using a Madson's Pet Groomers Report & Health Alert form signed by the owner or other management. The form stated in writing the observations of concern and a recommendation for veterinary review. In this way there was no feel of personal discrimination. If you are willing to groom the pet after veterinarian review, you may ask for writtern clearance okaying grooming from the veterinarian before you groom. Do keep these written clearance with your business records.

Can groomers refuse services even when veterinarian clearances are provided? Most likely, yes. If business owners still consider there are health and safety risks for employees or pets, their refusal is not likely to be discrimination without other evidence indicating discrimination based on another assumption. What remains important is that the healthy and safety risk business

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policies are not enacted arbitrarily to select customers.

COMPLICATIONS ARISING WITH NEW DISCRIMINATION LAWS It is important for grooming business owners to recognize and study their state and local laws. You are not subject to federal regulations alone. State and local laws apply and already in 2016 some significant new discrimination laws and "protections" have arisen at state level.

In April 2016, Mississippi's governor signed into law a bill that allows businesses to refuse services to gay couples based on religious objections. The new law states that it protects "sincerely held religious beliefs and moral convictions," including the belief that marriage is only between a man and a woman and that sexual relations should only occur in such a marriage.

Governor Bryant added, "The bill does not limit any constitutionally protected rights or actions of any citizens under federal or state laws." Many are concerned that this may a major step to-

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ward state-sanctioned discrimination. Is it possible that a grooming business could refuse grooming services to gay pet owners? It does seem possible, but ahead we will see it can get even more complicated for groomers that are also employers.

Recently North Carolina passed sweeping legislation eliminating antidiscrimination protections for all lesbians, gays and bisexuals and barring transgender people from using bathrooms that do not match the gender they were born with, and battle lines were clear in a bitterly divided state. Local laws in Charlotte that provided similar anti-discrimination protections were overridden by the state.

Several states or localities within states seem to forget the effect of their legislation on the relationship between employers and employees. What if an employee proclaims their right to refuse services requested of them by their employer based on the employee's religious beliefs toward sexual orientation.

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situations like these were a likely consequence based on similar legislation Arizona Senate Bill 1026 (2014) if it had been signed. Rho said, “The way this law was written would have allowed employees to defy their employers. Even if you had a restaurant in Tucson (known for having separate anti-discrimination law for gays) you may want to not discriminate against your customers but your employee could now have a right to do so,” Rho said. With the 2016 legislation in Mississippi this may become a reality for even pet grooming business owners with employees.

Grooming business owners are going to have be all the more careful when it comes to the religious beliefs of their employees, especially in states like Mississippi and North Carolina with their new legislation. This is an evolving story and is not going to go away. Many other states are watching with concern and you can expect more states may pass similar laws even in the face of financial losses from groups taking their business out of these states.

As a grooming employer under such leg-

ACLU counsel Eunice Rho agreed that eGroomer Journal www.egroomer.com Subscribe Free PetGroomer.com Magazine www.petgroomermagazine.com Subscribe Free

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islation you cannot discriminate against patrons for reasons of religion, but you also cannot discriminate against employees for religious reasons either.

However, legislators have heard the fears of employers as well and there are ongoing adjustments being made. Remember employees are not being empowered to dictate the terms of employment. Grooming business owners do have to make reasonable accommodation when an employee asserts a religious belief that conflicts with a duty of employment, yet employers cannot be compelled to unreasonably alter their business.

In our view we think grooming business owners are some of the least likely to face employee discrimination backlash.

It is possible an employee may refuse to groom a pet because they feel the health and safety of the pet are at risk by their grooming, or they are at risk from pet behavioral issues even when their employer cleared the grooming of the pet upon review. These incidents already happen and are usually not even known to the involved pet owners.

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Employers have to consider accommodating the employees under such circumstances and reassess the grooming services and perhaps assign them to other employees, or owners may simply groom the pets themselves. Where trouble is on the rise for grooming employers in the future is most likely going to involve religious beliefs. In an area without anti-discrimination protection for lesbians, gays and bisexuals, could a grooming employee refuse to groom a pet owned by a lesbian, gay or bisexual based on the employee's religious beliefs? Some think that is possible under legislation like that in Mississippi.

Repeatedly state legislatures seem to forget on the first pass through of such legislation the can of worms they are opening for employers with issues of religious beliefs held by their employees.

On several occasions similar legislation has been reworked only after it was brought to the attention of the state or local government that once again they didn't given enough consideration to the impact of their new legislation for the employer and employee relationship.

We believe this will be the case for some time in the future. ▀

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eGroomer Journal January / March 2014

APPAREL & MASKS ♦ PetEdge Top Performance ♦ Groomer’s Choice EZ Care Wear PetGroomerApparel.com Jodi Murphy Grooming Apparel

BATHING SYSTEMS

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SUPPLIERS

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CLIPPERS, BLADE, COMB ♦ PetEdge Master Grooming Tools ♦ Double K Industries ♦ Oster Professional Products WAHL Clipper Corporation

SCISSORS & SHEARS ♦ PetEdge Master Grooming Tools ♦ Groomers Choice Monk Colors Shears ♦ Oster Professional Products Cherrybrook Grooming Supplies

DRYERS & ACCESSORIES SHAMPOO & SPA

♦ PetEdge Master Equip. ProBather ♦ GCCP The BathMaster ♦ Oster Professional Products

BOW, POLISH, COLOGNE ♦ PetEdge ♦ Groomers Choice ♦ Double K Industries ♦ Quadruped Pet Care Products Bandanas Unlimited Cherrybrook Grooming Supplies Bardel Bows Showseason & Naturals

BRUSH, COMB, DESHED ♦ PetEdge Master Grooming Tools ♦ Groomer’s Choice SureGrip Tools WAHL Clipper Corporation

CAGES & ACCESSORIES ♦ PetEdge ProSelect Cages ♦ Groomer’s Choice DuraDog Cages Snyder Mfg. Co. Clark Cages Groomers Best Inc. Forever Stainless Steel

♦ PetEdge Master Equipment Dryers ♦ Double K Industries ♦ Metro Air Force® Dryers ♦ Oster Professional Products WAHL Clipper Corporation Cherrybrook Grooming Supplies Snyder Mfg. Co.

♦ PetEdge ♦ Double K Industries ♦ Groomer’s Choice Pet Products ♦ Quadruped Pet Care WAHL Clipper Corporation Madra Mor Canine Mud Treatments Cherrybrook Grooming Supplies Showseason Products Naturals Products Best Shot® Pet Products Espree® Products

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TABLES & ACCESSORIES

♦ PetEdge Top Performance ProDental

SUPPLIERS CATALOG & ONLINE ♦ PetEdge ♦ Groomers Choice Pet Products Shampoo Lady Grooming Supplies Madra Mor Canine Mud Treatments Cherrybrook Grooming Supplies King Wholesale Grooming Supplies Ryan’s Pet Supplies

♦ PetEdge Master Equipment Tables ♦ Groomer’s Choice DuraDog Tables Cherrybrook Grooming Supplies Groomers Best Inc. Forever Stainless Steel

TUBS & ACCESSORIES ♦ PetEdge Master Equipment Tubs ♦ Groomer’s Choice DuraDog Tubs Groomers Best Inc. Forever Stainless Steel

CLIPPER VACUUM ♦ Metro Air Force® Dryers WAHL Clipper Corporation

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MOBILE / SERVICES / SOFTWARE / HOME STUDY

eGroomer Journal January / March 2014

ASSOCIATIONS World Pet Association / SuperZoo Nat’l Dog Groomers Assn. of America Int’l Society of Canine Cosmetologists

CONSULTANTS ♦ Golden Paws School Consultation Groomadog Consultants Animal Photography Grooming Business in a Box®

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SHARPENING & REPAIR ♦ Groomers Choice Pet Products Groomers Best, Inc. Ryan’s Pet Supplies Northern Tails Sharpening Love’s Sharpening

SOFTWARE & FORMS Groomsoft Groomer Software Shake Your Tail Pet Manage. Software PetLinx Software Grooming Business in a Box®

TRADE EVENTS DISTRIBUTORSHIPS LICENSING & FRANCHISE ♦ Barkleigh Productions ♦ Golden Paws Schools ♦ Zoomin Groomin Franchise Puparazzi Mobile Franchise

EMPLOYMENT-JOBS ♦ PETCO Groomer Employment ♦ Zoomin Groomin Employment Pet-Valu Groomer Employment PetSuites of America Employment Kriser’s Stores Groomer Employment Wilco Stores Groomer Employment The Pet Club Groomer Employment Healthy Spot Groomer Employment

Super Styling Sessions Intergroom Trade Show SuperZoo Trade Show Atlanta Pet Fair Groom Classic Trade Show U.S. Pet Pro Classic (see ISCC) See also “Associations” top left of page

PROMOTION

HOME STUDY BOOKS, DVDs, STREAMING MEDIA and WEBINARS ♦ All About Dog Grooming ♦ Learn2GroomDogs.com Streaming ♦ Paragon School Distance Learning ♦ Golden Paws Distance Learning JKL Pet Grooming School Jodi Murphy Instructional DVDs Mobile Grooming Book Jodi Murphy Dog Grooming Simplified Jodi Murphy Super Styling Sessions DVDs Groomadog Academy Home Study Nat’l Assn. of Prof. Creative Groomers National Cat Groomer Institute The Groom Pod (Podcasts) Grooming Business in a Box® Pet Grooming Business Plan Helper Pet Grooming Floor Plans Pet Groomer Wage Systems Pet Groomer Business Forms & Make Your Own Appointment Books

PawSponge—Custom Imprinted

MOBILE GROOMING ♦ Wag’n Tails Mobile Conversions ♦ Zoomin Groomin Puparazzi Mobile Franchise Teknopet Service & Conversion Center Mobile Grooming Book - Jodi Murphy Tag Along Mobile Pet Salons GoMobile Conversions Go Mobile and Succeed Book

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eGroomer Journal / March 2014 On-Site Schools A to Z List of January Sponsors Except All About Dog Grooming Atlanta Pet Fair Aussie Pet Mobile Bandanas Unlimited Bardel Bows & Finishing Touches Barkleigh Productions Best Shot® Pet Products Cherrybrook Grooming Supplies Clark Cages Double K Industries Espree Products Forever Stainless Steel Golden Paws Consultants & Distance Learning GoMobile Conversions Groom Pod Groomadog Academy Home Study Groomers Best, Inc. Groomers Choice Pet Products Groomers Helper Grooming Business in a Box® Groomsoft Groomer Software Healthy Spot Groomer Employment Intergroom Trade Show Int’l Society of Canine Cosmetologists JKL Pet Grooming School Jodi Murphy DVDs, Books, Apparel King Wholesale Grooming Supplies Kriser’s Stores Groomer Employment Learn2GroomDogs.com Love’s Sharpening Madra Mor Canine Mud Treatments Metro Air Force® Dryers National Dog Groomers Association Northern Tails Sharpening Oster Professional Products PawSponge.com Pet Valu Employment (Canada) Petco Employment PetEdge Grooming Supplies PetGroomerApparel.com PetLinx Software Petsense Stores Groomer Employment PetSuites of America Groomer Employment Pupparazzi Mobile Franchise Opportunity Quadruped Pet Care Products Ryan’s Pet Supplies Shake Your Tail Pet Management Software Shampoo Lady Grooming Supplies Showseason & Naturals Products Snyder Mfg. Co. Super Styling Sessions DVDs & Seminars SuperZoo Tag Along Mobile Pet Salons Teknopet Mobile Service & Conversion Center The Successful Pet Groomer (Book) Wag’n Tails Mobile Conversions WAHL Clipper Corporation WI Assn. of Professional Pet Stylists Wilco Stores Groomer Employment Zoomin Groomin Groomer Employment eGroomer Journal www.egroomer.com Subscribe Free

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SCHOOLS OF PET GROOMING - ON-SITE TRAINING

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PLATINUM LEVEL SPONSORS Pennsylvania Academy of Pet Grooming Rio Gran Grooming School (MN) Nanhall Professional School of Grooming (NC) Texas Allbreed Grooming School O.C. Academy of Pet Styling (CA) Dapper Dawg School of Prof. Grooming (MA) Golden Paws Pet Styling Academy (WI) Golden Paws Pet Styling Academy (NY) Golden Paws Pet Styling Academy (FL)

Groomadog Academy (SC) Michigan School of K9 Cosmetology American Grooming Academy (CA) Golden Paws School of Dog Styling Golden Paws Pet Styling Academy (MT) Just Four Paws Academy of Pet Styling (PA) Golden Paws Pet Styling Academy (IN) Golden Paws Pet Styling Academy (PA) Golden Paws Pet Styling Academy (MT)

GOLD PLUS LEVEL 1 SPONSORS Canine Clippers Grooming School (VA) Cindy’s Canine Companions Grooming Classes (PA) Oregon Pet Grooming Academy Dog Grooming School of Pennsylvania

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A to Z List of Sponsors Except On-Site Schools eGroomer Journal January / March 2014

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Academy of Dog Grooming Arts (IL)

www.academyofdoggrooming.com

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www.canine-clippers.com

Cindy’s Canine Companion Grooming Classes (PA)

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Clip Shoppe Dog Grooming School (NJ)

www.clipshoppeschoolofdoggrooming.com

Dapper Dawg School of Prof. Grooming (MA)

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Dog Grooming School of Pennsylvania

doggroomingschoolofpennsylvania.com

Golden Paws Pet Styling Academy (FL)

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Golden Paws Pet Styling Academy (NY)

www.pinkdogparlor.com/school.htm

Golden Paws Pet Styling Academy (PA)

www.goldenpawspittsburghpa.com

Golden Paws Pet Styling Academy (WI)

www.goldenpawswi.com

Golden Paws Pet Styling Academy (MT)

www.happytailslodge.com

Golden Paws Schools

www.goldenpaws.com

Golden Paws School of Dog Styling (TX)

www.goldenpaws.com

Groomadog Academy (SC)

www.groomadog.com

Groomer Training Center (PA)

www.groomertrainingcenter.com

John Paul PetSchool (CA)

www.johnpaulpetschool.com

Just Four Paws Academy of Pet Styling (PA)

www.justfourpawsacademy.com

Michigan School of K9 Cosmetology

www.k9grooming.com

Nanhall Professional School of Grooming (NC)

www.nanhall.com

O.C. Academy of Pet Styling (CA)

www.academyofpetstyling.net

Oregon Pet Grooming Academy

www.oregonpetgroomingacademy.com

Paragon Pet Grooming School (MI)

www.paragonpetschool.com

Pets Playground Grooming School (FL)

www.petsplayground.com

South Carolina School of Dog Grooming

www.scschoolofdoggrooming.com

Texas Allbreed Grooming School

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Journalthat January / March 70 is not commonly known relates toPetGroomer.com It’s eGroomer commonly known all brands of A-52014 blades fit any brand of A-5 clippers. What blade sizes. MostPublications brands of A-5 blades have similar sizes, but how they perform varies. Manufacturers must use design differences in order to avoid patent and copyright infringement. The most common difference between brands is the blade thickness. Similar manufacturer sizes may cut at different heights. You could be in for a surprise if you change brands of the same size blade only to discover the cut is different! For your convenience Jeff at Northern Tails Sharpening prepared the multiple manufacturer reference charts below for blades and snap-ons. Be sure to check Jeff’s web site at www.northerntails.com for more helpful articles, videos and descriptions of his mail-in services. ♦

Clipper Blade Cutting Heights by Manufacturer BLADE SIZE

BLADE CUT

MASTER GRM.TOOLS

LAUBE

WAHL

KLEAN CUT

OSTER

ANDIS

#

Inches

MM

MM

MM

MM

MM

MM

50

1/125

0.2

0.2

0.5

0.2

0.2

0.2

40

1/100

0.3

0.3

0.6

0.1

0.3

0.3

35

3/50

—

—

—

—

—

0.4

30

1/50

0.5

0.5

0.8

0.2

0.5

0.5

15

3/64

1.2

1.0

1.3

1.0

1.2

1.2

10

1/16

1.6

1.5

1.8

1.5/1.6

1.0

1.5

10W

3/32

2.4

—

—

—

—

—

9

5/64

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.5

1.0/2.0

2.0

8.5

7/64

2.8

2.8

—

—

2.0

2.8

7

1/8

3.2

3.2

4.0

3.2

3.0

3.2

5

1/4

6.4

6.4

6.0

6.3

6.0

6.3

4

3/8

9.5

9.6

8.0

9.5

9.0

9.5

3

1/2

12.7

13.0

10.0

12.0

13.0

12.0

5/8HT

5/8

15.9

16.0

—

—

—

16.0

3/4HT

3/4

—

—

—

—

—

19.0

T-84

3/16

—

—

—

—

—

2.4

Snap-On Comb Sizes & Cut Lengths by Manufacturer COMB SIZE

LAUBE SELF ADJ & X-LARGE

WAHL STAINLESS STEEL

MDC ROMANI

OSTER UNIVERSAL

MILLERS FORGE

#

Inches

MM

MM

MM

MM

1/16

1/16

1/8

1/8

1/4

1/4

1/2

3/4

9/16

1/2 3/4

3/4 0

7/8

5/8

5/8

1

5/8

1/2

1/2

1

5/8

1 1/4

1 1/4 1 1/2

1/2

2

3/8

3

5/16

4

3/16

3/8

3/8

7/16

1/2

3/8

3/8

5/16

5/16

1/4

3/16

5

1/16

1/8

1/16

A

1

3/4

B

1 1/4

C

1 1/2

PetGroomer.com Magazine www.petgroomermagazine.com

D

1 3/4

E

2

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Charts courtesy of Northern Tails Sharpening 251-232-5353 www.northerntailssharpening.com

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