Thesis Booklet Peter Thompson -Professor Dongsei Kim-
CONTENTS 01 02
Site Analysis
Research
Preliminary Proposal Research + Proposal Sketches
02a
Environmental Sustainability Air Pollution Water Pollution Degraded Human Health Loss of Open Space Increased Water Consumption Heat Island Increased Energy Consumption
02b
Social Sustainability
02c
Economic Sustainability
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Final Thesis Proposal
01
Site Analysis Research
My partner David Bemus and I researched energy consumption and production on Long Island. An understanding of how this works is integral to the success of our design proposals. Energy consumption is a major factor in design considerations, particularly on Long Island where more sustainable means of energy are needed to support the high level of resource consumption by our suburban communities.
Year: Fall 2020 Location: 200 N Broadway, Hicksville, NY 11801
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These colors represent the seven negative effects of sprawl.
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Preliminary Proposal Research Sprawl has decayed a natural, more human way of living. We are disconnected from our environment, from our “tribe”, from our food, and from our immediate communities. We drive everywhere to complete simple tasks such as food shopping or going to the gym. We lack places that bring people together. This ultimately degrades out physical, mental and emotional health as well as does irreversible damage to our environment.
Year: Fall 2020 Location: 215 N Broadway, Hicksville, NY 11801
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“Urban sprawl refers to the expansion of poorly planned, low-density, auto-dependent development, which spreads out over large amounts of land, putting long distances between homes, stores, and work and creating a high segregation between residential and commercial uses with harmful impacts on the people living in these areas and the ecosystems and wildlife that have been displaced.”
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Increased Air Pollution Outdoor Air Pollution Caused Deaths
Air Pollution from Transportation in the U.S.
6% 3%
55%
Over 55% of NOx total emissions inventory in the U.S.
11% 40% 10% Less than 10% of total VOCs emissions in the U.S.
40%
10% Ischaemic Heart Disease
Heart Strokes
Lung Cancer
Lower Respiratory Infections in Children
Less than 10% of total PM2.5 and PM10 emissions in the U.S.
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
https://cleantechnica.com/2020/04/18/200000-americans-a-year-die-from-air-pollution/
https://www.epa.gov/transportation-air-pollution-and-climate-change/smog-soot-and-local-air-pollution
Environmental Sustainability 16
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Water Pollution
Impervious Surfaces
Increase in impervious sufaces LQFUHVHV VWRUPZDWHU UXQRƬ
“Urban sprawl increases water pollution as rain water picks up gasoline, lawn chemicals, heavy metals, paints spills, motor oil, pet wastes, construction site erosion and other pollutants LQ UXQRƬ IURP ODZQV GULYHZD\V URDGV DQG SDUNLQJ ORWV ZKLFK can eventually travel in large, concentrated amounts, polluting nearby water sources, such as a stream, river or lake 5XQRƬ SROOXWLRQ DƬHFWV DERXW RI WKH VXUYH\HG ULYHUV ODNHV DQG HVWXDULHV LQ WKH 8 6 DQG LV QRZ WKH QDWLRQ V OHDGLQJ WKUHDW WR ZDWHU TXDOLW\ (DFK \HDU PRUH WKDQ DFUHV RI ZHWODQGV ZKLFK DUH QDWXUH V ZDWHU ƮOWHUV FDSDEOH RI UHPRYLQJ XS WR RI WKH SROOXWDQWV LQ ZDWHU DUH GHVWUR\HG LQ ODUJH SDUW WR XUEDQ VSUDZO &RQVHTXHQWO\ ZHWODQG GHVWUXFWLRQ E\ VSUDZOLQJ QHZ GHYHORSPHQWV OHDGV GLUHFWO\ WR SROOXWHG ZDWHU q
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6WRUPZDWHU 5XQRƬ Impermeable surfaces such as asphault collect road toxins and chemicals from vehilcles which are then carried into nearby water bodies and pollute our groundwater.
Environmental Sustainability 18
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'HJUDGHG Human Health “Poor community design, such as poorly planned, low-density, DXWR GHSHQGHQW GHYHORSPHQW PDNHV LW PRUH GLƱFXOW IRU people to get physical activity and maintain a healthy weight. There is a clear correlation between urban sprawl and the epidemic levels of obesity and increase of chronic diseases associated with physical inactivity.”
https://www.everythingconnects.org/urban-sprawl
No bike lanes, very little pedestrian access, heavily favors the car.
Obesity UHODWLRQVKLSV ZLWK FRPPXQLW\ GHVLJQ SK\VLFDO DFWLYLW\ DQG WLPH VSHQW LQ FDUV
Probability of Obesity
0.40 Average mixed use, Atlanta
0.30
Maximum mixed use, Atlanta
0.20
0.10
0.00 0.00
0.10 0.20 0.30
0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70
0.80 0.90 1.00
Land Use Mix
0.40
Probability of Obesity y
Probability of Obesity
0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00 0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00
8.00 9.00 0 10.00
Walk Distance per day in Kilometers ers
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00
0.00
100.00
200.00
300.00
400.00
Minutes Spent in a Car per Day
500.00
https://www.ajpmonline.org/
Environmental Sustainability 20
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/RVV RI Open Space “Urban sprawl threatens productive farmland, transforms parks and open spaces into highways and strip malls and destroys more than one million acres of parks, farms and open space each year. As sprawling neighborhoods and highways engulf open space, the natural habitats of wildlife are disappearing beneath the concrete, which is threatening important ecosystems in the U.S. and around the world.” https://w w w.e everythingconnects.o org/urban-sprawl
Acres of Land Preserved on Long Island 2000-2015 4000
3000
2000
1000
0
‘00
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Environmental Sustainability 22
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,QFUHDVHG Water Consumption
Hudson Valley 149.3 gal/day
“Urban sprawl can create water distribution issues and lead to water over-consumption as more water is consumed for lawn watering and other landscape activities, which can strain and deplete local water supply systems. According to the EPA, "An American family of four can use 400 gallons of water per day, and about 30 percent of that is devoted to outdoor uses. More than half of that outdoor water is used for watering lawns and gardens. Nationwide, landscape irrigation is estimated to account for almost one-third of all residential water use, totaling more than 7 billion gallons per day. Other residential outdoor uses include washing automobiles, maintaining swimming pools, and cleaning sidewalks and driveways."
Northern NJ 175.0 gal/day 70%
1% of 70%
1% of 1%
“Seventy percent of the Earth’s su urface is covered by water, but less than 1% of that water is fresh watter. Only 1% of that 1% is accessible for human use.”
Long Island 175.5 gal/day SW Conn. 150.0 gal/day
*Long Island Ind dex Reportt - 2018
NYC 74.9 gal/day
2/3 2 2/ /3
According to the United Nations Environment Program, if our present ns continue, t of every three will live in water-s d conditions by the 025. A U.S. government showed at least 36 expect to have local, regional, or statewide water shortages by 2013.
*LEED Green Associae Exam Preparation Study Guide
Environmental Sustainability 24
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Environmental Sustainability 26
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Coal 1.1%
Net Imported Electricity 27%
Hydro 16%
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Wind 2.5%
Bioenergy 1.7% Petroluem 0.4% Solar 0.1%
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Nuclear 29.6%
Natural Gas 33.2%
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2016 NYS Fuel Sources
200 (MW)
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Petroleum Products 33.9%
Natural Gas 36.4%
100 50 Solar 0.3%
0
Bioenergy 3.2%
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
(Years)
Net Imported Electricity 6.2%
Megawatt capacity of consumer grade solar panels
2%
Power Plants
5% Industry
Homes & Buildings
Coal 0.8%
2016 NYS End-Use Sectors Wind 1.0%
Commercial 23.6%
25%
Nuclear 11.8%
Industrial 7.3%
Other Emissions
16%
Hydro 6.4%
Transportation 42.1%
36%
Transportation Residential 27%
2016 NYS Energy for Electricity Generation
CO2 Emmisions on Long Island
Environmental Sustainability 28
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+LJK WUDƱF 3RWHQWLDOO\ a lot of air pollution. Little to no open space besides backyards or private homes.
No bike lanes, very little pedestrian access, heavily favors the car.
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Pedestrian Pedest Pedes strian rian n friendly frien ndly urban urban nd design design. esign.
Buiilding Building Build ing typologies typ pologies s tthat hat h at are designed V SHFLƮ ƮFDOO\ IIRU S SURYLGLQJ J R RXWGRRU VSDFH VSHFLƮFDOO\ IRU SURYLGLQJ RXWGRRU VSDFH
Transit oriented develpoment. de d evelpoment. lpoment
Environmental onmental Sustainability 32
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“Social sustainability occurs when the formal and informal processes; systems; structures; and relationships actively support the capacity of current and future generations to create healthy and livable communities. Socially sustainable communities are equitable, diverse, connected and democratic and provide a good quality of life.” – WACOSS, Western Australia Council of Social Services
4 Dimensions of Social Sustainability Equity
Diversity
- Will the project reduce disadvantage for the target group? - Will it assist the target group to have more control over their lives, socially and economically? - Will it identify the causes of disadvantage and inequality and look for ways to reduce them? - Will it identify and aim to meet the needs of any particularly disadvantaged and marginalized people within the target group? - Will it be delivered without bias and promote fairness?
- Will the project identify diverse groups within the target group and look at ways to meet their particular needs? - Will it recognize diversity within cultural, ethnic and racial groups? - Will it allow for diverse viewpoints, beliefs and values to be taken into consideration? - Will it promote understanding and acceptance within the broader community of diverse backgrounds, cultures and life circumstances?
Social Cohesion
Quality of Life
- Will the project help the target group develop a sense of belonging in the broader community? - Will it increase participation in social activities by individuals in the target group? - Will it improve the target groups’ understanding of and access to public and civic institutions? - Will it build links between the target group and other groups in the broader community?
- Will the project improve aƬordable and appropriate housing opportunities for the target group? - Will it improve physical health outcomes for the target group? - Will it improve mental health outcomes for the target group? - Will it improve education, training and skill development opportunities for the target group?
www.esg.adec-innovations.com/about-us/faqs/what-is-social-sustainability/
Social Sustainability 34
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The Existing building on site could be reused as a distribution center that distributes wares from local small businesses. Because Amazon is a saturated marketplace ZLWK VPDOO SURƮW PDUJLQV VPDOO EXVLQHVVHV FDQoW DƬRUG WR VHOO WKHLU SURGXFWV LQ WKLV ZD\ $ FRPSDQ\ WKDW IRFXVHV RQ SURYLGLQJ consumers with online shipping of products IURP WKHLU IDYRULWH ORFDO EXVLQHVVHV FRXOG LQFUHDVH VDOHV IRU WKHVH EXVLQHVVHV E\ FUHDWLQJ D pPLGGOH PDQq VHUYLFH RI VKLSSLQJ Local shops could store their products in this ZDUHKRXVH UHDG\ WR EH VKLSSHG 7RGD\V HFRQRP\ UHDOLHV PXFK PRUH KHDYLO\ RQ RQOLQH shopping. 7KLV ZLOO EHQHƮW WKH RZQHUV RI WKHVH EXVLQHVVHV E\ H[SRVLQJ WKHP WR D ZLGHU audience. ,W ZLOO DOVR EHQHƮW WKH FRPPXQLW\ PHPEHUV E\ SURYLGLQJ WKHP D FRQYHQLHQW ZD\ WR VXSSRUW ORFDO EXVLQHVVHV WKDW WKH\ ORYH
Economic Sustainability 36
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Local Business Businesses send items to be stored at fulfillment center Products shipped to consumer from center
Economic Sustainability 38
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Sketch Proposals 40
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Sketch Proposals 42
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Sketch Proposals 44
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Sketch Proposals 46
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I believe it’s important to keep the original building on site intact. This will reduce the cost of construction and reduce negative impacts to the environment associated with new construction. Finding creative ways to utilize the existing structure can help to limit the total building footprint on site. The goal is to maximize open space and reduce impermeable surfaces on site.
Sketch Proposals 48
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Final Thesis Proposal Spring 2021 The canopy is an open air marketplace. The roof provides protection from inclement weather and shaded spaces during sunny days. Because of it pavilion like nature, it does not need to be heated and cooled, which saves a lot on energy costs. The waƲe roof structure is made of glue laminated timber which is supported at is ends with hinge and pin steel columns for better lateral stability. The roof is covered with ETFE which is a semi transparent highly durable roof material that provides weather protection but also allows for natural light to penetrate to the ưoor level under the canopy. At the center is a courtyard park that has large gutters at its perimeter that collects the rain water that falls on the roof. This is then Ʈltered into cisterns below in the mechanical space and used for non potable uses on site.
Year: Spring 2021 Location: 200 N Broadway, Hicksville, NY 11801
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Perspective looking North from green roof 52
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Progress model perspectives.
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Physical model rendering.
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The Canopy at Hicksville