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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Δικαιωμάτων Intervention, Ο Χάρτης Θεμελιωδών της Ευρωπαϊκής Definition, Types ofΈνωσης: intervention, Concerns of Gentrification Ευγενείς προθέσεις, αλυσιτελείς προσεγγίσεις Concerns Της κυρίας Αρτ. Δ. ΣΑΒΒΙΔΟΥ ByΔιδ.

Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Μέλ. Ειδ. Προσ. Πανεπ. ΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ, Πάφος Harvard University, Graduate School Design, Student, Υποψ.ofΔιδ., Δικηγόρου

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

Α. Γενική προσέγγιση Τα τρέχοντα τραγικά γεγονότα επί παγκοσμίου, διεθνούς, 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept ευρωπαϊκού και εθνικού επιπέδου, (περιφερειακές πολεμικές 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, συρράξεις, απροσδόκητη μεγάλη αύξηση των εν γένει ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the μεταναστευτικών ροών - και ιδίως προς τα Κράτη - Μέλη της among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. Ευρωπαϊκής - starts προβλήματα εκ περιβαλλοντικών κ.ά.), acquisition of Ένωσης knowledge with theindefinition the content ofαιτιών concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term θέτουν επίtherefore, πολλοστήisinφορά περίφημο ζήτημα 1 τάπητος Based, on για this “principle” a first, το if (in not final, approach, the της term (and urban gentrification) indicated the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 εν γένει επί βάσεως 1 προστασίας των Ανθρωπίνων Δικαιωμάτων gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various καθολικής, ανεξαρτήτως φύλλου, φυλής, εθνικότητας κ.ά. παραμέτρων.

Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement Το όλο ζήτημα προσλαμβάνει ιδιάζουσα σημασία ότανof οartists, μη the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever consequences results also rising of land prices theof σεβασμόςother αυτών των has, Δικαιωμάτων προέρχεται από(and μέλη whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also υπό risingκαθεστώς of land prices (and the potential relative συντεταγμένων πολιτικώς και διεπομένων Διεθνών / potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Διμερών Συνθηκών Δομών, ως έχει παρατηρηθεί προσφάτως από The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed ofiswealthy toτα buy property in poor Κράτη Μέλη τηςtrend Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης, οποία κάθε παράof the then observed trend wealthy people to buy property in άλλο poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are εφήρμοσαν διατάξεις τουthemselves Χάρτη των Θεμελιωδών της London, upgrade them, stay sometimes there andΔικαιωμάτων thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης, κειμένου συνακολουθούντος τις Ενοποιημένες being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Συνθήκες τηςsame Ένωσης.

A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Όλως συνοπτικώς σημειώνεται, ότι λόγος περί θεμελιωδών ή cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more ατομικών δικαιωμάτων ήpreoccupied ατομικών ελευθεριών, απαντάται και σε Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various πρώϊμες ιστορικές περιόδους, αλλά και μεταγενεστέρως. comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of εδώ: gentrification, thebelow, following: Ενδεικτικώς αναφέρονται interpretations the phenomenon gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof to2279 a trend of a new of social groups Ο Κώδιξ του HAMMURABI, π.Χ. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Ο Νόμος του Σόλωνος «Περί Σωματείων», 6ος π.Χ. αιώνας. and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Το αρχαίο Δίκαιο. term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety atcomes theΡωμαϊκό distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made herτου first Χριστού, studies. In 1932 she published an και important study entitled: Η διδασκαλία των Αποστόλων των Πατέρων services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for της Εκκλησίας. lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 1 Βλ. έννοια και διακρίσεις, μεταξύ άλλων, στο: R. GUILLIEN, J. VINCENT: Lexique de G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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H Magna Charta, του Ιωάννου Ακτήμονος, Αγγλία, GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of του Intervention, Ιουνίου 1215 μ.Χ.

Definition, Types Concerns of Gentrification Η Petition of Rights, Αγγλία, 1627of μ.Χ.intervention, Η Habeas Corpus Act, Αγγλία, 1679 μ.Χ.

Concerns O Bill of Rights, Αγγλία, 1688 μ.Χ.

12

H Act of Settlement, Αγγλία, 1781 μ.Χ.

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Η Διακήρυξη της Ανεξαρτησίας των Ηνωμένων Πολιτειών, 1776

Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Η Γαλλική Διακήρυξη των Δικαιωμάτων του Ανθρώπου Architect και του Student of the School of Architecture Πολίτου, 1789 μ.Χ.

Technical University of Crete

μ.Χ.

Η Οικουμενική Διακήρυξη των Δικαιωμάτων του Ανθρώπου του

1. Introductory Ο.Η.Ε., 1948 μ.Χ. approach: Defining the concept 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, Η Ευρωπαϊκή Σύμβαση Ανθρωπίνων Δικαιωμάτων του ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a στην great Συμβουλίου της Ευρώπης, η οποία υπεγράφη Ρώμη την the 4η among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. Νοεμβρίου 1950 μ.Χ. starts with the definition of the content of concepts. acquisition of knowledge Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term Η Ελλάδα έχει κυρώσει της isin ενindicated καθώς και τα 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” a λόγω first, if Σύμβαση, notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) (in area of Planning) (or gentrification ης/20ης 1 πρόσθετα Πρωτόκολλά της 11 και 14 με το Ν.Δ.

53 της 19 gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various Σεπτεμβρίου 1974.

Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, Την Σύμβαση έχει κυρώσει και η However Κύπρος, με τον Ν. 32/1962. the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever consequences has, results also rising of land prices (andτης theof Σεother σχέση με τον Χάρτη των Θεμελιωδών Δικαιωμάτων whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης σημειώνεται, προ πάσης άλλης αναφοράς, ότι σε potential relative speculation). term gentrification is found first in the UK inηearly 1960s and it refers to επίThe μέρους ρυθμίσεις του είναιatλίαν εμφανής, επιρροή αντιστοίχων The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor διατάξεων και άλλων συναφών κειμένων και κυρίως τηςinΕυρωπαϊκής the then observed trend wealthy people to buy property poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof Σύμβασης Ανθρωπίνων περί there της οποίας London, upgrade them, stayΔικαιωμάτων, themselves sometimes and thus αναφέρονται old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. ενδεικτικώς τα “squeezed”. εξής: being indirectly A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Β. Η Σύμβασις δια την προάσπισιν των Δικαιωμάτων του A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major ης GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Ανθρώπου και των θεμελιωδών Ελευθεριών της 4 Νοεμβρίου cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities inΡώμη, Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several and for its more 1950, Πρόσθετο Πρωτόκολλο τωνscholars Παρισίων της 20ης Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive Μαρτίου 1952.approach are being summarized below, from the various comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, following: Κυρούται και κτάται ισχύον νόμου η εν the Ρώμη την 4ην Νοεμβρίου interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new of social groups 1950 υπογραφείσα υπό την αιγίδα του Συμβουλίου της Ευρώπης to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Σύμβασις «Δια την Προάσπισιν των Δικαιωμάτων του Ανθρώπου και and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the των1.ofΘεμελιωδών Ελευθεριών, ωςGLASS, και 1912-1940. τοtown Πρόσθετον ειςfor αυτήν The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth Ruth search GLASS was born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside centres, better ης Μαρτίου Berlin, where sheτων madeΠαρισίων her first studies.

In 1932 she published an important study entitled: Πρωτόκολλον της 20 1952». services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Αι Συμβαλλόμεναι Κυβερνήσεις, μέλη του Συμβουλίου lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private easier access to markets, etc.της studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car New York she came back to London, where in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the Ευρώπης: to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying Έχουσαι υπ΄όψιν την Παγκόσμιον Δήλωσιν των Δικαιωμάτων her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: του Ανθρώπου, ηνetc., διεκήρυξεν η London Γενική Συνέλευσις των Ηνωμένων Gentrification: G.ηνALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aΕθνών variety of 10 ways, in order Abstract. to 1948. achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Δεκεμβρίου την

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Έχουσαι υπ΄όψιν ότι η Δήλωσιςof αύτη τείνει εις την εξασφάλισιν GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types Intervention, της αναγνωρίσεως και την παγκόσμιον και αποτελεσματικήν Definition, Types of intervention, Concerns of Gentrification εφαρμογήν των δικαιωμάτων άτινα αναφέρονται εις αυτήν. Έχουσαι υπ΄όψιν ότι σκοπός του Συμβουλίου της Ευρώπης είναι Concerns η πραγματοποίησις στενοτέρας ενότητος μεταξύ των Μελών αυτού,

και ότι εν των μέσων προς επίτευξιν του σκοπού τούτου είναι η Mr. George-Sp. C. ανθρώπου ATHANASOPOULOS προάσπισις και η ανάπτυξις τωνBy δικαιωμάτων του και των Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, θεμελιωδών ελευθεριών.

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Επιβεβαιούσαι την βαθεία αυτών προσήλωσιν εις τας Student of the School of Architecture θεμελιώδεις ταύτας ελευθερίας αίτινες αποτελούσι αυτό τούτο το Technical University of Crete βάθρον της Δικαιοσύνης και της Ειρήνης εν κόσμω και των οποίων η 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept διατήρησις στηρίζεται ουσιαστικώς επί πολιτικού καθεστώτος αληθώς 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient philosopher, δημοκρατικού αφ΄ενός και Greek αφ΄ετέρου, επί κοινής αντιλήψεως και ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the κοινού σεβασμού των δικαιωμάτων του (444 ανθρώπου τα οποία among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. διεκδικούν. acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Αποφασισμέναι, όπως ως Κυβερνήσεις Κρατών 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notΕυρωπαϊκών final, approach, the term gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 εμπνεόμεναι υπό κοινών ιδεωδών και έχουσαι κοινήν κληρονομίαν gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various πολιτικών παραδόσεων και ιδεωδών σεβασμού της ελευθερίας και του Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), ofλάβωσι social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, δικαίου, τα πρώτα κατάλληλα μέτρα όπως διασφαλίσωσι την the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever otherεγγύησιν consequences has, results rising of land prices (and συλλογικήν ωρισμένων εκalso των αναφερομένων εν the τηof whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). Παγκοσμίω Δηλώσει δικαιωμάτων. potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Συνεφώνησαν ταisακόλουθα: The term gentrification is found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor Μέρος 1ον trend ofwealthy the then observed wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves and thus old residents areof Δικαιώματα καιstay Ελευθερίες London, upgrade them, themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. …………………………………………. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth ονof this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Μέρος 2 A description GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, similar situations were recorded in other major Ευρωπαϊκό Δικαστήριο Δικαιωμάτων του Ανθρώπου cities in Western countries, bywhile otherτων Researchers. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

Since…………………………………………. then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more Since then,3the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more ον comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from Μέρος comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: Διάφορες διατάξεις interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups …………………………………………. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Πρώτον Πρόσθετον Πρωτόκολλον and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Παρίσι, 20 1952 termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the Μαρτίου distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: …………………………………………. services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Τέταρτον Πρωτόκολλον lower living cost of, Πρόσθετον “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943Στρασβούργο, she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. sheto became teacher in the 16 Σεπτεμβρίου 1962 In 1950 to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying …………………………………………. her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Έκτον Πρόσθετον Πρωτόκολλον G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

128

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Εχει υιοθετηθεί αναδρομικώς από 1ης Μαρτίου 1985 με GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, απόφαση της 28ης Απριλίου 1923, Στρασβούργο Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification …………………………………………. Έβδομον Πρόσθετον Πρωτόκολλον Concerns Έχει υιοθετηθεί την 22α Νοεμβρίου 1984, Στρασβούργο, ετέθη

σε ισχύ την 1η Νοεμβρίου 1988

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS ………………………………………….

Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Δέκατον Τρίτον Πρόσθετον Πρωτόκολλον

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect η και ετέθη σε ισχύ την Έχει εγκριθεί την 1 Μαΐου 2002, Βίλνιους Student of the School of Architecture η 1 Ιουλίου 2003.

Technical University of Crete ………………………………………….

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Δέκατο Τέταρτον Πρόσθετο Πρωτόκολλον 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), η Μαΐου ANTISTHENIS, the ancient philosopher, 2004, Στρασβούργο. Έχει υιοθετηθεί την 12Greek ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the …………………………………………. among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. Υπό ofτην επίνευση, λοιπόν, ρυθμίσεων ως content οι αναφερθείσες, ο acquisition knowledge starts with thein definition the of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Χάρτης των Δικαιωμάτων της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσηςthe είναι 1 Θεμελιωδών, Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, term (and urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 «προϊόν» πολλαπλών επιρροών και διαβουλεύσεων. gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various Γ. Οι πρώτες αναφορές περί θεμελιωδών Δικαιωμάτων Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, εντός της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης. Η της Ευρωπαϊκής the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.προσχώρηση However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever has, results also rising of land prices (and theof Ένωσης other στην consequences ΕΣΑΔ. whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results alsoως rising of land prices (and the potential relative Ενδεικτικώς σημειώνεται εδώ, ότι πρώτη αναφορά περί potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first the UK in earlyΈνωσης 1960s andπρέπει it refersνα to θεμελιωδών δικαιωμάτων εντός τηςinΕυρωπαϊκής The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor θεωρηθεί η σχετική κοινή wealthy Διακήρυξη τωνtoΠροέδρων τουinΕυρωπαϊκού the then observed trend people buy property poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof Κοινοβουλίου, του Συμβουλίου καιsometimes της Επιτροπής του 1977, are η London, upgrade them, stay themselves there and thusέτους old residents being indirectly “squeezed”. οποία έχει υιοθετηθεί υπό του Ευρωπαϊκού Συμβουλίου κατά την being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Σύνοδό του 7/8 Απριλίου Κοπεγχάγη.

A description ofperiod, this phenomenon isστην included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at theτην same while 1978 similar situations in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Μέσω της Διακήρυξης υπεγραμμίζετο cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. η πρόθεση των Πολιτικών cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

Since then, the issueνα has preoccupied severalυπό scholars and for its more Οργάνων της Ένωσης λειτουργούν εφεξής πνεύματος σεβασμού Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various έναντι θεμελιωδών δικαιωμάτων, όπως αυτά καταγράφονται στα comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of theΚρατών phenomenon of gentrification, the following: Συντάγματα των Μελών και στην Ευρωπαϊκή Σύμβαση των interpretations of the phenomenon of thecategory following: In a sense, theτου phenomenon is due togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups Δικαιωμάτων Ανθρώπου, (των συνοδευτικών της Πρωτοκόλλων to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money περιλαμβανομένων). and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Είναι αυτονόητο, ότιresidencies η εν λόγω Διακήρυξη περί δικαιωμάτων termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed outside town centres, for Berlin,επί where she madeσειρά her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: έθετε τάπητος ζητημάτων. services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Τελικώς, Επιτροπή συνέταξε, απεδέχθη, την lower living cost of,ηin “withdrawal” from private car access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and και Neweasier York she came to back to4/4/1979, London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 sheto became teacher in the Ειδικό Μνημόνιο περί της Εντάξεως των Ευρωπαϊκών Κοινοτήτων to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying στην Σύμβαση για την προάσπιση των Δικαιωμάτων του Ανθρώπου her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.Θεμελιωδών Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: και των Ελευθεριών.

G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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Επί του θέματος τοTypes Ευρωπαϊκό ετήρησε ευνοϊκή GENTRIFICATION Definition, ofΚοινοβούλιο Intervention, στάση, ενώ το Δικαστήριο απεφάνθη κατόπιν σχετικού αιτήματος του Definition, of intervention, Concerns of Gentrification Συμβουλίου την 28/3/1990Types αρνητικώς δεδομένου, ότι «στην παρούσα κατάσταση του Κοινοτικού Δικαίου η Κοινότητα δεν έχει αρμοδιότητα Concerns να προσχωρήσει στην Σύμβαση», παρά μόνον δια τροποποιήσεως των

Συνθηκών της.

Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Κύρια Πολιτικά και By Νομικά επιχειρήματα υπέρ της Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, προσχώρησης της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης στην ΕΣΑΔ διετυπώθησαν

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect μετ΄επιμονής υπό της Ομάδας Εργασίας ΙΙStudent της Ευρωπαϊκής Συνέλευσης of the School of Architecture ης 2 3 2002 /University CONV 35/02 της 12 Σεπτεμβρίου 2002 /της 22 ΟκτωβρίουTechnical of Crete κ.ά.

1. Introductory the concept Μερικά εξapproach: αυτών Defining αναφέρονται εν συνεχεία (διατηρείται η 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek στην philosopher, γλώσσα της επίσημης μετάφρασης Ελληνική): ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage left us,επιβεβαιώνει he established(444 a great the Στον βαθμό που η he Ένωση τις αξίες της μέσω του among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. Χάρτη, η προσχώρησή της στην ΕΣΑΔ θα αποτελέσει ισχυρό πολιτικό acquisition of knowledge starts with the the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term σήμα της συνοχής που υπάρχει μεταξύ Ένωσης και της «ευρύτερης 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated aτης first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 Ευρώπης», όπως αυτή εκφράζεται με το Συμβούλιο της Ευρώπης και το gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various πανευρωπαϊκό σύστημα ανθρωπίνων δικαιωμάτων του.

Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, Η προσχώρηση στην ΕΣΑΔetc.θα εξασφαλίσει στους πολίτες the operation of art galleries, restaurants, However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever consequences also rising land prices (andπου theof ανάλογη other προστασία έναντιhas, τηςresults Ένωσης όπως ofακριβώς αυτή whatever other consequences results alsoκρατών rising ofμελών. land prices (and the potential relative απολαύουν τη speculation). στιγμή αυτή has, έναντι των Πρόκειται potential relative speculation).

The term is found atδεδομένου first in the UK early 1960s and it refers to τελικά για gentrification ζήτημα αξιοπιστίας ότιin τα Κράτη Μέλη έχουν The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor μεταβιβάσει ουσιαστικές αρμοδιότητες στην Ένωση και ηin προσχώρηση the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof στην ΕΣΑΔ αποτελεί όρο γιαsometimes τη συμμετοχή νέων στην London, upgrade them, πλέον stay themselves there and thusκρατών old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Ένωση. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Ηat the προσχώρηση θα similar είναιis situations το ιδεώδες εργαλείο για major την A description ofperiod, this phenomenon included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS same while in other GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major εξασφάλιση αρμονικής cities in Westernτης countries, by otherανάπτυξης Researchers. της νομολογίας των δύο cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, Δικαστηρίων the issue has several scholars and for its more Ευρωπαϊκών σε θέματα ανθρωπίνων δικαιωμάτων. Για Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various ορισμένους, το επιχείρημα αυτό αποκτά ακόμα μεγαλύτερη ισχύ με την comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, theΧάρτη following: προοπτική της ενδεχόμενης ενσωμάτωσης του στις Συνθήκες. interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new social groups Στη συνάρτηση αυτή, θα πρέπει να αναφερθούν και ταofπροβλήματα to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money που προκύπτουν από τη σημερινή μη συμμετοχή της Ένωσης στο and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the δικαστικό σύστημα Στρασβούργου, στις που τοin 1.of The term fromτου Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for was born sense safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside townπεριπτώσεις centres, better Berlin, where she made her first studies. οφείλει In 1932 she published an important study entitled: Δικαστήριο του Στρασβούργου να αποφανθεί έμμεσα για το services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for

lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and 2 University College of London, where sheHJELM continued her socialIncorporation research. brokers Her public and Βλ.informal Ing. SVENSON and Lenn - WALLEN: of the Charter long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work to arethe characterized by a passion for justice. See also: ENGLISH DICTIONARY. accession E.C.H.R. Working Group II Brussels 12 Sept.COLLINS 2002. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 3 THE EUROPEAN CONVENTION: Working Group II: CONV.354/02.

Brussels, 22 G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

130

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

Δίκαιο της Ένωσης χωρίς να μπορεί η Ένωση να υπερασπίσει τον εαυτό της ενώπιον αυτού του Δικαστηρίου ή να εξασφαλίσει τη συμμετοχή στο Δικαστήριο ενός Δικαστή που διαθέτει την αναγκαία εμπειρία του Δικαίου της Ένωσης. Η Ομάδα εξέτασε σε βάθος τις ενδεχόμενες επιπτώσεις της προσχώρησης στην ΕΣΑΔ, με βάση την αρχή της αυτονομίας του

By Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS Κοινοτικού (ή Ενωσιακού) Δικαίου καθώς και τη C. θέση και την εξουσία Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, του Δικαστηρίου των Ευρωπαϊκών Κοινοτήτων. Από τη συζήτηση στην

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Ομάδα και την ακρόαση των Εμπειρογνωμόνων προέκυψε ότι η αρχή Student of the School of Architecture της αυτονομίας δεν θέτει κανένα νομικό κώλυμαTechnical στην προσχώρηση της University of Crete Ένωσης στην ΕΣΑΔ. Μετά την προσχώρηση, το Δικαστήριο θα 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept παραμείνει ο μόνος υπέρτατος ρυθμιστής των θεμάτων που άπτονται 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ancient Greek philosopher, τουANTISTHENIS, Δικαίου της the Ένωσης και της ισχύος των πράξεών της. Το ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great Ευρωπαϊκό Δικαστήριο Ανθρωπίνων Δικαιωμάτων δεν μπορεί the να among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. θεωρηθεί ως Ανώτατο Δικαστήριο αλλά μάλλον ως εξειδικευμένο acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Δικαστήριο, θαonασκεί εξωτερικό έλεγχο βάσει του Διεθνούς 1 που Based, therefore, this “principle” inindicated a first, ifστις notthe final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) is (in area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 Δικαίου υποχρεώσεις της Ένωσης που θα προκύψουν απόvarious την gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in προσχώρηση στην ΕΣΑΔ. Η θέση του Δικαστηρίου θα είναι ανάλογη με Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), ofπου social groups, of low-income and Συνταγματικά thethis placement of artists, τη θέση τη usually στιγμή αυτή τα ή Ανώτατα the operation ofέχουν art galleries, restaurants, etc.Εθνικά However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other has, resultsτου alsoΣτρασβούργου. rising of land prices (and theof Δικαστήρια σε consequences σχέση με το Δικαστήριο whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also of στις land Συνθήκες prices (andκαι the potential Ηrelative Ομάδα τονίζει ότι η ενσωμάτωση τουrising Χάρτη potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in theδεν UKπρέπει in early να 1960s and it refersως to η προσχώρηση της Ένωσης στην ΕΣΑΔ θεωρηθούν The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor εναλλακτικές δυνατότητες, αλλά μάλλον συμπληρωματικά βήματα the then observed trend wealthy people ως to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof που εξασφαλίζουν τονstay πλήρη σεβασμό των θεμελιωδών London, upgrade them, themselves sometimes there and thusδικαιωμάτων old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. από την Ένωση: ακριβώς όπωςis η ύπαρξη τουwork Χάρτη δεν μειώνει being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon included in the of Sociologist Ruth επ΄ουδενί ταsame οφέλη την similar επέκταση του in ελέγχου Δικαστηρίου A description ofperiod, thisαπό phenomenon is situations included the recorded workτου of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the while were in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major του Στρασβούργου ώστε να καλύψει τις πράξεις της Ένωσης, έτσι cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Since then, the issue has scholars and its more ακριβώς η προσχώρηση στηνResearchers. ΕΣΑΔseveral δεν μειώνει το for κύρος του Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various καταλόγου των θεμελιωδών δικαιωμάτων της ίδιας της Ένωσης. Τα εν comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon ofσε gentrification, thebelow, following: λόγω δύο βήματα θα οδηγήσουν μια κατάσταση ανάλογη προς αυτή interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: social groups Inυπάρχει a sense, the phenomenon is due a trend of a new που στις νομοθεσίες τωνtoΚρατών Μελών, όπου ταofΣυντάγματά to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money τους προστατεύουν τα θεμελιώδη δικαιώματα αλλά ταυτόχρονα έχουν and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the αποδεχθεί τους εξωτερικούς ελέγχους για ανθρώπινα 1.of The term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth τα GLASS wasbetter born in sense safety atcomes theπρόσθετους distributed residencies outside town centres, search for Berlin, where she made her first studies.

In 1932 she published an important study entitled: δικαιώματα του συστήματος του Στρασβούργου. services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Η όμωςPrague, νομική βάση για την προσχώρηση lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.της studies andπρόσφορη research Geneva, London and New Yorkπλήρη she came back to London, where in According 1943 she published studies regarding city planning.(αρχικώς) In 1950 sheto became in the Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης στην ΕΣΔΑthe προέκυψε με τηνteacher Συνθήκη to another approach, phenomenon is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying της Λισσαβώνας (2007), άρθρο 6, παράγραφοι 2 και 3 της Συνθήκης her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theήδη depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης, αφού προηγουμένως συνέταξε τον ιδικό της Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aΧάρτη varietyΘεμελιωδών of ways, in order to achieve the “voluntary”, Δικαιωμάτων της“assisted”, Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης(actually την 7η 131 2521 11

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

Δεκεμβρίου 2009 κατά την Σύνοδο της Νίκαιας (τροποποίηση 12 Δεκεμβρίου 2007, Στρασβούργο), έχοντας το ίδιος κύρος με τις Συνθήκες (και περί του οποίου γίνεται λόγος εν συνεχεία): Η Ένωση προσχωρεί στην Ευρωπαϊκή Σύμβαση για την Προάσπιση των Δικαιωμάτων του Ανθρώπου και των Θεμελιωδών Ελευθεριών. Η προσχώρηση στην εν λόγω Σύμβαση δεν μεταβάλλει τις Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS αρμοδιότητες της Ένωσης, όπως By ορίζονται στις Συνθήκες.

Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Τα θεμελιώδη δικαιώματα, όπως κατοχυρώνονται από την

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Ευρωπαϊκή Σύμβαση για την Προάσπιση των Δικαιωμάτων του Student of the School of Architecture Ανθρώπου και των Θεμελιωδών Ελευθεριών καιTechnical όπως απορρέουν University ofαπό Crete τις κοινές συνταγματικές4 παραδόσεις των Κρατών Μελών, αποτελούν 1. Introductory approach: the concept μέρος των γενικών αρχών Defining του Δικαίου της Ένωσης.

1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept ANTISTHENIS, ancient Greek BC - 370 BC, Athens), Με αυτά ταthe δεδομένα ήταν philosopher, προφανής η(444 ανάγκη σύνταξης ενός ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the συνεκτικού κειμένου περί θεμελιωδών δικαιωμάτων υποχρεωτικής among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. εφαρμογής εντός της Ένωσης. acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Προς αυτή κατεύθυνση το ifΕυρωπαϊκό Κοινοβούλιο 1 (and Based, therefore, onτην this “principle” inindicated a first, notthe final, approach, the term urban gentrification) is (in area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 υιοθέτησε την 12/4/1989 την «Διακήρυξη Θεμελιωδών Δικαιωμάτων gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various και Ελευθεριών», περιλαμβάνουσα ρυθμίσεις περί ανθρώπινης Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and σεβασμού thethis placement there of artists, αξιοπρέπειας, ισότητας έναντι τουetc. Νόμου, της ιδιωτικής the operation of art galleries, restaurants, However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also συλλογικών rising of land prices (and theof ζωής, επαγγελματικής ελευθερίας, κοινωνικών whatever other consequences has, results risingτου of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). δικαιωμάτων κ.ά. και «επιτρέπουσα» τηνalso εμπλοκή Δικαστηρίου της potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Ένωσης κατά περίπτωση.

The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor Τελικώς, τοtrend Ευρωπαϊκό Συμβούλιο κατανοώντας ανάγκη the then observed wealthy people to there buy property inτην poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof ενός συνεκτικού κειμένου, (υποχρεωτικής δεandεφαρμογής) περί London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. θεμελιωδών δικαιωμάτων, απεφάσισε κατά την Σύνοδο της Κολωνίας, being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth 3 και 4atΙουνίου 1999, την Σύνταξη Χάρτη Θεμελιωδών A description of this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Δικαιωμάτων Sociologist Ruth GLASS the same period, while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities inΗWestern countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issueτου has several scholars and for more σύνταξη τελικού κειμένου ανετέθη σε itsΣώμα Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various (μετονομασθέν μετέπειτα σε Συνέλευση) εξ 62 Μελών, ήτοι more 16 comprehensivethe approach are being summarized from the various interpretations phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: εκπροσώπων of του Ευρωπαϊκού Κοινοβουλίου, 30 των Εθνικών interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of aΕθνικών new of social groups Κοινοβουλίων, (2 ανά Κοινοβούλιο), 15 των Κυβερνήσεων και to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money 1 της Επιτροπής. and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Ο Χάρτης ναresidencies περιλαμβάνει σειρά δικαιωμάτων, term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasόπως born in sense1.ofThe safety atcomes the έπρεπε distributed outside town centres, better Berlin, καταγράφονται where she made her first studies.

In 1932 she published an important study entitled: αυτά τόσο σε επίπεδο Συνταγμάτων των Κρατών services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for

lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying 4 her work are characterized by θέματος a passionστο: for justice.

SeeΣΑΒΒΙΔΟΥ: also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. Βλ. άλλες πτυχέςetc., του Άρτεμ Δ. Το Συνταγματικό Κέλυφος and selling realCOLLINS estate, for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: των Αυτοδιοικούμενων Τοπικών Δομών: Συγκριτική επισκόπηση: Κράτη Μέλη Ε.Ε. Πάφος, G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

Μελών, όσο και σε επίπεδο Ευρωπαϊκής Σύμβασης των Δικαιωμάτων του Ανθρώπου της 4ης Νοεμβρίου 1959. Τελικώς, το σχετικό κείμενο εγκρίθηκε υπό του Ευρωπαϊκού Κοινοβουλίου, του Συμβουλίου και της Επιτροπής της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης την 7η Δεκεμβρίου 2000 κατά την Σύνοδο της Νίκαιας, ενώ η Συνθήκη της Λισσαβώνας της 13ης Δεκεμβρίου 2007 (Στρασβούργο)

By Mr.περί George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS έχει περιλάβει την ακόλουθη ρύθμιση του Χάρτη: Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Δ. Ο Χάρτης Θεμελιωδών Δικαιωμάτων της Ε.Ε. Τελική

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Πράξη, Η΄ Παράρτημα, Δήλωση σχετικώς με τον Χάρτη των Student of the School of Architecture Θεμελιωδών Δικαιωμάτων της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης.

Technical University of Crete Ο Χάρτης των Θεμελιωδών Δικαιωμάτων της Ευρωπαϊκής 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept ισχύ, επιβεβαιώνει τα Ένωσης, ο οποίος έχει νομικώς δεσμευτική 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek διασφαλίζει philosopher, θεμελιώδη δικαιώματα, τα οποία η Ευρωπαϊκή Σύμβαση ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established aΑνθρώπου great the για την Προάσπιση των Δικαιωμάτων του(444 και των among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. Θεμελιωδών Ελευθεριών, όπως προκύπτουν από τις συνταγματικές acquisition of knowledge starts with the the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term παραδόσεις, οποίες κοινές στα Κράτη 1 οι Based, therefore, on είναι this “principle” inindicated a first, ifΜέλη. notthe final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) is (in area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 Ο Χάρτης περιλαμβάνει σε έναtheενιαίο εξ various επτά gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in theκείμενο areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, removal from (in Κεφαλαίων το σύνολο των Πολιτικών, Κοινωνικών και Οικονομικών Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, Δικαιωμάτων των Πολιτών των Χωρών Μελών της Ένωσης, αλλά και the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also των διαμενόντων εντός της επικρατείας της.rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences also rising of land prices (and the potential relative Το Προοίμιο του Χάρτηhas, έχειresults ως εξής: potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK μεταξύ in early 1960s refers to Οι Λαοί της Ευρώπης εγκαθιδρύοντας τους and μία itδιαρκώς The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor στενότερη ένωση, trend αποφάσισαν μοιραστούν ένα ειρηνικό μέλλον the then observed wealthyνα people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof θεμελιωμένο σε κοινές αξίες.

London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Η Ένωση, έχοντας επίγνωση τηςinπνευματικής και ηθικής being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included the work of Sociologist Ruth κληρονομίας, εδράζεται στις similar αδιαίρετες και οικουμενικές αξίεςmajor της A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while recorded in other GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major αξιοπρέπειας ανθρώπου, της ελευθερίας, της ισότητας και της cities in Western του countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has scholars and forΚράτους its more αλληλεγγύης, ερείδεται στις αρχές της several Δημοκρατίας και του Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its της, more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various Δικαίου. Η Ένωση τοποθετεί τον άνθρωπο στην καρδιά της δράσης comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the gentrification, καθιερώνοντας τηνphenomenon ιθαγένεια ofτης Ένωσης the καιfollowing: δημιουργώντας ένα interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new of social groups χώρο ελευθερίας, ασφάλειας και δικαιοσύνης. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Η Ένωση συμβάλλει στη διαφύλαξη και την ανάπτυξη αυτών and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the των1.κοινών σεβόμενη τηνRuth πολυμορφία τωνcentres, πολιτισμών καιbetter τωνin termαξιών, from Sociologist GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for was born sense ofThe safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town Berlin, where she made her first studies.

In 1932καθώς she published an important study entitled: παραδόσεων των Λαών της Ευρώπης, και την εθνική ταυτότητα services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for των Κρατών της και την οργάνωση εξουσίας τους lower living costΜελών of, in “withdrawal” from private easier access markets, etc. studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Newτης Yorkδημόσιας she came to back to London, where in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

1950 sheto became teacher in the σε εθνικό, περιφερειακό και τοπικό επίπεδο.InΕπιδιώκει προαγάγει to another approach, the is due aνα systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying ισόρροπη και αειφόρο ανάπτυξη και εγγυάται την ελεύθερη her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: κυκλοφορία των προσώπων, των εμπορευμάτων, τωνof υπηρεσιών και Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aτων variety of ways, in orderκαι to την achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually κεφαλαίων, καθώς ελευθερία εγκατάστασης.

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Προς τον GENTRIFICATION σκοπό Types αυτόν, είναι αναγκαίο να ενισχυθεί η Definition, of Intervention, προστασία των θεμελιωδών δικαιωμάτων υπό το πρίσμα της εξέλιξης Definition, Types ofκαι intervention, Concerns ofπροόδου Gentrification της κοινωνίας, της κοινωνικής των επιστημονικών και τεχνολογικών εξελίξεων, καθιστώντας τα πιο αντιληπτά σε ένα Χάρτη.

Concerns Ο παρών Χάρτης επιβεβαιώνει σεβόμενος τις αρμοδιότητες και

τα καθήκοντα της Ένωσης, καθώς και την αρχή της επικουρικότητας, Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS τα δικαιώματα, που απορρέουν,Byιδίως από τις κοινές συνταγματικές Harvard University, Graduate School of Student, παραδόσεις και τις διεθνείς υποχρεώσεις των ΚρατώνDesign, Μελών, την

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Ευρωπαϊκή Σύμβαση για την Προάσπιση των Δικαιωμάτων του Student of the School of Architecture Ανθρώπου και των Θεμελιωδών Ελευθεριών, τους Κοινωνικούς Χάρτες Technical University of Crete που έχουν υιοθετηθεί από την Ένωση και το Συμβούλιο της Ευρώπης, 1. Introductory Defining the concept της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης καθώς και από τηapproach: νομολογία του Δικαστηρίου 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), theΔικαστηρίου ancient Greekτων philosopher, καιANTISTHENIS, του Ευρωπαϊκού Δικαιωμάτων του Ανθρώπου. Εν ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the προκειμένω, ο Χάρτης θα ερμηνεύεται από τα Δικαστήρια της Ένωσης among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. και των of Κρατών Μελών, λαμβανομένων δεόντως υπόψη των acquisition knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term επεξηγήσεων, πουurban καταρτίσθηκαν την εποπτεία του Προεδρείου 1 (and Based, therefore, on this “principle”υπό inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 της Συνέλευσης, που συνέταξε τον Χάρτη και αναπροσαρμόστηκαν gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various υπ΄ευθύνη του Προεδρείου της Ευρωπαϊκής Συνέλευσης.

Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of απόλαυση social groups, usually of low-income and the placement of artists, Η των δικαιωμάτων συνεπάγεται ευθύνες και the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.αυτών However this “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results alsoόσο risingκαι of land (and theof καθήκοντα έναντι τόσο των τρίτων, τηςprices Ανθρώπινης whatever other consequences has,γενεών. results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative Κοινότητας και speculation). των μελλοντικών potential relative speculation).

The term at firstαναγνωρίζει in the UK in early and it refersτις to Κατάgentrification συνέπεια isηfound Ένωση τα 1960s δικαιώματα, The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor ελευθερίες και τις αρχές που ορίζονται εν συνεχεία. the then observed trend wealthy people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof Ε.upgrade Χαρακτηριστικά του Χάρτη London, them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Εκ των αναφερθέντων μέχρι τούδε στοιχείων, εξ άλλων, Ruth των being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the workκαι of Sociologist οποίων έπεται η of παράθεση εν similar συνεχεία, προκύπτει, ότι οι του A description this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of διατάξεις Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Χάρτη δεν countries, συνεπάγονται cities in Western by other διεύρυνση Researchers. των αρμοδιοτήτων της cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

Since then,Ένωσης the issueκαι has preoccupied and forηits more Ευρωπαϊκής ακόμη, ότι «οιseveral αρχές»,scholars (των οποίων νομική Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various φύση δεν είναι σαφής), οι ελευθερίες και τα δικαιώματα, τα οποία ο comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: Χάρτης αναγνωρίζει, ερμηνεύονται βάσει των διατάξεών του του interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups τίτλου VII (άρθρα 51, 52, 53,is 54). to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Έτσι, π.χ. αναφέρονται ως «αρχές» εκείνες των άρθρων: and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the 25: Περί των δικαιωμάτων των1912-1940. ηλικιωμένων: Η for Ένωση term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, Ruth search GLASS was born in sense1.ofThe safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, better Berlin, where she made her firstτο studies.

In 1932των she published an important study entitled: αναγνωρίζει και σέβεται δικαίωμα ηλικιωμένων προσώπων να services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for διάγουν μία αξιοπρεπή καιPrague, ανεξάρτητη ζωή… lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private car access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, London and Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 194326: she Ένταξη published studies regarding city planning. In sheto became teacher in the των ατόμων με αναπηρία: Η 1950 Ένωση αναγνωρίζει και to another approach, the phenomenon is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying σέβεται το δικαίωμα των ατόμων με αναπηρίες να επωφελούνται her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. τα Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: μέτρων, οποία θαetc., τους εξασφαλίζουν την αυτονομία…

G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever consequences results also rising Το of land prices επίπεδο (and theof 37:other Προστασία τουhas,περιβάλλοντος: υψηλό whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). προστασίας του περιβάλλοντος και η βελτίωση της ποιότητάς του potential relative speculation).

The term is found atστις first in the UK in early and it και refersνα to πρέπει να gentrification ενσωματώνονται πολιτικές της 1960s Ένωσης The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor διασφαλίζονται σύμφωνα με την αρχή τηςto αειφόρου ανάπτυξης… the then observed trend wealthy people buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof Ενίοτε άρθρα «αρχές» there και δικαιώματα, όπως τα London, upgrade them,περιλαμβάνουν stay themselves sometimes and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. άρθρα 23, 33, 34 περί των οποίων γίνεται λόγος εν συνεχεία. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Ηat the επίκληση «αρχών» είναι παραδεκτή του A description ofperiod, thisτων phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of ενώπιον Sociologist Ruth GLASS same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Δικαστηρίου, σε συνάρτηση με τον έλεγχο νομιμότητας και την cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied otherελευθεριών Researchers.

Since then, issue has several and for its more ερμηνεία τωνthe αναφερομένων καιscholars των καταγραφομένων Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the δικαιωμάτων, τα οποία είναι άμεσης εφαρμογής καιand δεσμευτικού comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the gentrification, the following: χαρακτήρος για τα phenomenon Όργανα τηςofΈνωσης. interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trendότι of aείναι new of φορά social groups Εξ άλλης πλευράς, σημειώνεται, η πρώτη κατά to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money την οποία απαντώνται εντός του αυτού διεθνούς υφής νομικού and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the κελύφους, ως ο distributed Χάρτης, δικαιώματα ποικίλλης μορφής, 1.of The term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASSπολιτικά, wasbetter born in sense safety atcomes the residencies outside town centres, for Berlin, where she made her first studies.

In 1932 she published an είναι important study entitled: κοινωνικά, οικονομικά, ατομικά, των οποίων εφικτός ο services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for περιορισμός λόγους προστασίας γενικού συμφέροντος, μη lower living cost για of, in “withdrawal” from private easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car New York she came back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 sheto became teacher in the αναιρουμένου βασικού περιεχομένου τους. toτου another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Συνεχίζεται…

G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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