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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of Τοις intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Εντευξομένοις Η΄ Concerns

Στέργει γαρ ουδείς άγγελον κακών επών Σοφοκλής

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. ATHANASSOPOULOS Του κ. George-Sp. Κωνστ. ΓΕ.C.ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ Architect of the of Architecture Καθηγητού Σχολ.Student Νομικών καιSchool Κοινωνικών Επιστ.

Technical UniversityΠάφος, of Crete Πανεπιστημίου ΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ,

Καθηγητού Επισκ. Μετ. Προγρ. Σπ. Πανεπ. Αθηνών, 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Ομοτ. Καθηγητού ΠΑΝΤΕΙΟΥ Π.Κ.Π.Ε., 1. Introductory approach: the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BCEx. - 370 Athens), Ex Ch. L. U. L. Bruxelles, Int. BC, I.I.A.P., Paris ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the Τα therefore, θέματα της επικοινωνίας μετά Κοινού, των Δημοσίων acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, on this “principle” a first,του if of not final, approach, the term 1 Σχέσεων δηλαδή, (με την ευρύτερη έννοια τον όρον), και τα θέματα Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in the areaοποίων of Planning) (or των Μέσων, Διαδικασιών και των αυτή Sociology as well), as the “refining” of aΤεχνικών, cityisarea, theμέσω removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various επιτυγχάνεται, δεν έχουν αποτελέσει στην Ελλάδα αντικείμενο ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of εκτενούς, ενδελεχούς και συστηματικής έρευνας και μελέτης, παρά την the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results σημαντική και ιδιάζουσα σημασία τους. also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential Το relative γεγονός αυτό οφείλεται σε σειρά λόγων, όπως η μη potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to συστηματική επαγγελματική κατοχύρωση συναφώς The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in earlyτων 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor απασχολουμένων, η μη ολοκληρωθείσα τεχνολογική εξέλιξη του the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof συνόλου του “squeezed”. Τύπου, η με καθυστέρηση «εισβολή» της old Τηλεόρασης London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus residents are being indirectly being indirectlyη“squeezed”. στην Ελλάδα, τον ευρέος Κοινού γιαwork τηνofκατάσταση των A description ofαδιαφορία this phenomenon is included in the Sociologist Ruth A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Μέσων at Μαζικής η «καταγγελλομένη αναξιοπιστία» των GLASS the sameΕπικοινωνίας, period, while similar situations were recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, byενασχόληση other Researchers. Μέσων, η συνειδητή ή μη με άλλα κοινωνικά θέματα κ.λ. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has scholars and for its more H «πλήρης» ενασχόληση Ειδικών several Ερευνητών, (ανεξαρτήτως της Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from επιστημονικής τους υποδομής και προέλευσης), με πτυχές του όλου comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: ζητήματος, (π.χ. με θέματα Μέσων των Δημοσίων Σχέσεων κ.λ.), έχει interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups οδηγήσει στην «παραγωγή» (ενίοτε) λίαν αξιόλογων καταγραφών και to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money συστηματικών αλλά toεξdowntown, άλλης πλευράς, σημαντικά θέματα, and time to travel Μελετών, from the purlieus where work place is, lack of the (συνιστώντα ενίοτε τμήμα της πεμπτουσίας του όλου ζητήματος), 1.

The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS was born in sense of safety at the distributed residencies outside town centres, search for better Berlin, where she made her first studies.

In 1932 she published an important study entitled: παραμένουν «ανέπαφα», «άβατα», services of health, education,«αδιερεύνητα», entertainment “at the heart«αγνοούμενα». of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. Εάν στην κατάσταση αυτή προστεθεί και η «απροθυμία» (ήwhere η studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, in 1943 she published studies regarding city planning.

In 1950 she became teacher in the According to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and «αδυναμία»;) του Νομοθέτου να προβεί στην λήψη των αναγκαίων University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying σχετικών (μέσω ενόςfor πλέγματος ρυθμίσεων her work are μέτρων, characterized by a passion justice. See also:νομοθετικών COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: ορθολογικών, βιώσιμων, συστηματικών, λυσιτελών, τελεσφόρων), τότε G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

το πράγμα προσλαμβάνει άλλες διαστάσεις, και, ενδεχομένως, οδηγεί

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στην δημιουργία συνθηκών ευχερούς, (υπό προϋποθέσεις), καταστρατήγησης των στόχων, των σκοπών και της αποστολής των Δημοσίων Σχέσεων και, βεβαίως, των Μέσων Μαζικής Επικοινωνίας, μέσω των οποίων αυτές επιτελούν την αποστολή τους, όποτε δήποτε, υπό οίου δήποτε.

H γνωστή συνταγματική επιταγή, επαναλαμβανόμενη

By Mr. George-Sp.της C. ATHANASOPOULOS στερεοτύπως σε όλα τα τελευταία Συντάγματα Χώρας [βλ. άρθρο Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, 14 του ισχύοντος Συντάγματος, όπως αυτό αναθεωρήθηκε με το

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Ψήφισμα της 6ης Απριλίου 2001 της Ζ΄Student Αναθεωρητικής Βουλής των of the School of Architecture Ελλήνων, (...Νόμος ορίζει τις προϋποθέσεις και Technical τα προσόντα άσκησης University of Crete του Δημοσιογραφικού Επαγγέλματος. Το ιδιοκτησιακό καθεστώς, η 1. Introductory approach:και Defining the concept οικονομική κατάσταση τα μέσα χρηματοδότησης των Μέσων 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the να ancient Greek philosopher, Ενημέρωσης πρέπει γίνωνται γνωστά, όπως νόμος ορίζει...)], μη ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the υλοποιηθείσα μέχρι τούδε, κάθε άλλο παρά λειτουργεί ως370 «εφαλτήριο», among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. «προπομπός», «κατευθυντήριος και «ερέθισμα» για τον Κοινό acquisition of knowledge starts with οδηγία» theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Νομοθέτη να αναλάβει την“principle” ευθύνη διευθέτησης θεμάτων Επικοινωνίας 1 (and Based, therefore, on this inindicated a first, if (in not final, approach, the term urban gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 εν γένει, από μακρού λιμναζόντων και οδηγούντων σε gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, ofκοινωνικές Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various «αγκυλώσεις», «πολιτικές δυσλειτουργίες», «κομματικές παρεμβάσεις».

Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), groups, usually of low-income andιδιαιτέρας thethis placement of artists, Εξof social άλλου, πολλά συναφή θέματα, δεthere σημασίας, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other πάντοτε, consequences has, results also rising land prices (andτης theof παραμένουν δυστυχώς εκτός του ofπεδίου τόσον whatever other consequences resultsυπό also μεμονωμένων rising of land prices (and the potential relative ενδελεχούς και speculation). συστηματικήςhas, έρευνας Ερευνητών, potential relative speculation).

Theκαι term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960sή and it refers to όσον των αντίστοιχων «λειτουργικών» νομοθετικών διοικητικών The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor παρεμβάσεων και πρωτοβουλιών περαιτέρω ρυθμίσεις. the then observed trend wealthyπρος people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof Μεταξύ τωνthem, θεμάτων αυτής της κατηγορίας και London, upgrade stay themselves sometimes thereπεριλαμβάνονται and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. τα ακόλουθα, περί των οποίων, πλην ελαχίστων περιπτώσεων, το being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth εκδηλωθέν ενδιαφέρον μικρής έκτασης ανύπαρκτο: A description ofperiod, this phenomenon isείναι included inwere the work ofήSociologist Ruth GLASS at theερευνητικό same while similar situations recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major H οριοθέτηση αυτής ταύτης της έννοιας των cities inα.Western countries, byκατ’ otherαρχάς Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Since then, the issue severalτων scholars and for και its more Δημοσίων Σχέσεων καιhas ιδίως η Researchers. οριοθέτηση προσόντων των Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various ιδιοτήτων, τα οποία πρέπει να διαθέτει ο Σύμβουλος Δημοσίων comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, theαυτού following: Σχέσεων. Εν προκειμένω η καταχρηστική χρήση του τίτλου υπό interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new of social groups πλήθους «ασχέτων» είναι ιδιαζόντως υπερβολική. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money β. Το «ετερόκλητο» καθεστώς ιδιοκτησίας των Μέσων Μαζικής and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Επικοινωνίας, (ταdistributed οποία καλούνται να «υπηρετήσουν» τις Δημόσιες 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born in sense safety the residencies outside town centres, for Berlin, where she made her first studies.

In 1932ποικίλλουν, she published an important study entitled: Σχέσεις), περί το οποίο οι ρυθμίσεις απαιτουμένης, κατά services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for περίπτωση, των μετοχών των lower living costονομαστικοποίησης of, in “withdrawal” from private easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car New York she came back toανωνύμων London, in According 1943 she ιδιοκτησίας published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 she in the εταιρειών των Μέσων, επιτρεπομένης ενίοτε τηςteacher κατοχής to another approach, the is due tobecame a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying μετοχών ποσοστού συγκεκριμένου «πλαφόν» για τους επί μέρους her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially ofχώρο part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: μετόχους εταιρειών δραστηριοποιουμένων στον των Μέσων ΜαGentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aζικής variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Επικοινωνίας, απαγορευομένης της κατοχής, ενίοτε και υπό

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

προϋποθέσεις, μετοχών εταιρειών δραστηριοποιουμένων στον τομέα των Μέσων Μαζικής Επικοινωνίας υπό προσώπων αναλαμβανόντων δημόσια έργα κ.ά.. Επί του τελευταίου σημείου διετυπώθη η άποψη κατά πόσον είναι «ισχυρός» ο περιορισμός αυτής της μορφής, υπό το καθεστώς της επιταγής του ισχύοντος εν Ελλάδι Συντάγματος περί της δυνατότητας

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS εκάστου «να διαδίδει ελευθέρως προφορικώς και εγγράφως τους Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, στοχασμούς τον...». Εν πάση περιπτώσει, το όλο θέμα πρέπει «να

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect κρατηθεί» προς περαιτέρω έρευνα, επί σκοπώ εναρμόνισης της Student of the School of Architecture σχετικής κατάστασης προς τα ισχύοντα σε άλλες Χώρες, ιδίωςof Crete της Technical University Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης, δεδομένης της παντοειδούς σημασίας του και 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept υπό το φως μάλιστα του εκδηλουμένου τεραστίου ενδιαφέροντος, 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, theπλέον ancient Greek philosopher, (λόγω της ευχερούς μετακίνησης των διεθνών κεφαλαίων), των ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the πολυεθνικών επιχειρήσεων, ανεξαρτήτως πεδίου άλλων among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. δραστηριοτήτων, να «εμπλακούν» στον τομέα των Μέσων Μαζικής acquisition of knowledge starts with theκαι the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term Επικοινωνίας, είτε ωςthis αποκλειστικοί είτε ως ασκούντες 1 (and Based, therefore, on “principle” is inindicated aιδιοκτήτες, first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term urban gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 «δεσπόζουσα» επιρροή ως συνιδιοκτήτες των Μέσων, είτε, τέλος, ως gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various εμφανείς χρηματοδότες υπό άλλες μορφές.

Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, γ.ofΤο «μέγεθος» της Ιδιωτικής και της Ιδιωτικής the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.Ραδιοφωνίας However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever otherτόσον consequences has, results rising of land prices Τηλεόρασης, ως Μέσων γενικήςalso Δημοσιότητας, όσον (and και the ωςof whatever otherspeculation). consequences alsoθέμα risingείναι of land the potential relative Μέσων Δημοσίων Σχέσεων. has, Το results εν λόγω εκprices των (and πλέον potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at firstεν in theπροκειμένω UK in early 1960s and it refers to αμφιλεγομένων, διατυπωθεισών διαφόρων και The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor ετεροκλήτων απόψεων, των μεν people τασσομένων αναφανδόν υπέρ τηςof the then observed trend wealthy to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents are Δημόσιας Ραδιοφωνίας και της Δημόσιας Τηλεόρασης και old των δε υπέρ London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. ελευθέρως ιδρυομένων και άνευ κρατικών παρεμβάσεων, υπό την being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth μορφή προηγουμένων αναγκαίων αδειών λειτουργίας, A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded workΙδιωτικών of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in otherσταθmajor GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major μών Ραδιοφωνίας και Τηλεόρασης. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more Πλην των ως άνω δύο «ακραίων» θέσεων η συναφής διεθνής Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various φιλολογία περί το θέμα προσθέτει άλλους τρόπους «μετριασμού» των comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of theτης phenomenon of gentrification, «παρενεργειών» εφαρμογής της μίας the ή following: της άλλης άποψης interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new of social groups εμφανίζουσα σειρά λύσεων, ως η Δημοτική Ραδιοφωνία και η Δημοτική to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Τηλεόραση (N.2644/1998), η Ραδιοφωνία και η Τηλεόραση, η and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the ελεγχόμενη ιδιοκτησιακώς υπόRuth υφισταμένων συγκροτημένων 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town ήδη centres, search Berlin, where she madeΕκκλησία, her first studies.

In 1932 she published anπλευράς, important study entitled: σχημάτων, (π.χ. η οποία, εξ άλλης συνιστά services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for ιδιαιτέρα μορφή «έννομης τάξης»), η ελεγχόμενη υπό νομίμως lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding city planning.

In 1950 sheto became teacher in the λειτουργούντων αποκεντρωμένων και αυτοδιοικουμένων λειτουργιών to another approach, the phenomenon is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying τον Κράτους (π.χ. Πανεπιστημίων), η ελεγχόμενη υπό πληθυσμιακών ή her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realΜειονοτήτων estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: άλλης υφής κ.ά..

G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of πλαίσιο ways, in δραστηριότητας order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually δ. Το των Μέσων Μαζικής Επικοινωνίας

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

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ανεξαρτήτως των στόχων αξιοποίησής τους, (για σκοπούς Ειδησεογραφικούς, Διαφημιστικούς, Δημοσίων Σχέσεων κ.ά.), και το θέμα των επ’ αυτών ρυθμίσεων, εάν δηλαδή θα δεσπόζουν εν προκειμένω νομοθετικής ή διοικητικής υφής μέτρα κ.ά.. ε. Το θέμα του ελέγχου της λειτουργίας και των οικονομικών των Μέσων Μαζικής Επικοινωνίας, ελέγχου ο οποίος πρέπει να είναι

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS αντικειμενικός, διαφανής, καθολικός, άνευ εξαιρέσεων δηλαδή, Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, αδιάβλητος, λυσιτελής και περί του οποίου άλλως τε υπάρχει και

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect σχετική συνταγματική πρόνοια.

Student of the School of Architecture Στην Ελλάδα με θέματα Ραδιοφωνίας και Τηλεόρασης, πέρανofτων Technical University Crete άλλων Νομοθετικών και Διοικητικών Αρχών, ασχολούνται και δύο 1. Introductory approach:Αρχές: Defining concept Ανεξάρτητες Διοικητικές H the Εθνική Επιτροπή Τηλεπικοινωνιών 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), Greek philosopher, καιANTISTHENIS, Ταχυδρομείων the καιancient το Εθνικό Συμβούλιο Ραδιοτηλεόρασης.

ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the Μεταξύ του σημαντικού έργου των εν λόγω Αρχών συγamong other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. καταλέγονται ο έλεγχος εφαρμογής υπό τωνtheΜέσων τηςconcepts. κειμένης acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition content of Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term νομοθεσίας, εκείνης της Ευρωπαϊκής όσον και εκείνης 1 τόσον Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, Ένωσης, if (in notthe final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 Εθνικής προέλευσης, η πάταξη της πειρατίας των ερτζιανών, η(inτήρηση gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal various των ορίων ισχύος των πομπών, η ποιότητα του μεταδιδομένου Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and placement of artists, Προγράμματος, ηgalleries, ανακριβής πληροφόρηση κ.ά.thethis the operation of art restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences land prices (and theof Σημειώνεται, ότι το has, έργοresults των also εν rising λόγω ofΑρχών καθίσταται whatever otherεκ consequences has, results alsoΕλλάδος rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). δυσχερές και του γεγονότος, ότι εντός εκπέμπουν σήμα potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification found at first in the UK in early 1960s and refers to περισσότεροι των 1.500is ραδιοφωνικών σταθμών, μερικοί τωνit οποίων The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor στερούνται νομιμοποιητικών εγγράφων. the then observed trend wealthy people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof Προς αντιμετώπιση (και) αυτού του there προβλήματος η Εθνική London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Επιτροπή Τηλεπικοινωνιών και Ταχυδρομείων εξεπόνισε και being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth εφαρμόζει ειδικά πιλοτικά A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations includedπρογράμματα inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at theπροσφάτως same while similar inλειτουργίας other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major σταθερών σταθμών ελέγχου ραδιοφωνικών cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. συχνοτήτων κ.λ. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has severalεπί scholars andοίον for its more στ. Το θέμα της «έμμεσης» λογοκρισίας του καθ’ δήποτε Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various τρόπον μεταδιδομένου «υλικού» από τα Μέσα Μαζικής Επικοινωνίας, comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of theΕιδησεογραφικής phenomenon of gentrification, the following: είτε αυτό είναι υφής, είτε Διαφημιστικής, είτε interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new of social groups Δημοσίων Σχέσεων κ.ά. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money ζ. Το πρόβλημα της πηγής των πληροφοριών και της δυνατότητας and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the πρόσβασης στην όλων των 1912-1940. τυχόν ενδιαφερομένων, 1.of The termat comes fromπηγή Sociologist Ruth GLASS, Ruth GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, search Berlin, where she madeτης her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: «αποκλειομένης» επιλεκτικής παροχής αυτής της δυνατότητας services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for κατά το στον «ελέγχοντα» την lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private easier access markets, etc.Επί studies and δοκούν research Geneva,«συνιστώντα» Prague, London andήcar New York she came to back toπηγή.

London, where in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 sheto teacher in the μέρους πτυχή θέματος συνιστά και η παρεχομένη ήbecame μη δυνατότητα toτου another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying ελέγχου στοιχείων δημοσκοπήσεων, βάσει των οποίων her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: ανακοινώνονται «θέσεις» της Κοινής Γνώμης κ.λ.

G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety ways, in order to ιδιωτικής achieve theζωής “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually η. Hof προστασία της των Προσωπικοτήτων και

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

των απλών Πολιτών, έναντι του «αδηφάγου» ενδιαφέροντος των Μέσων και των Καταναλωτών των υπηρεσιών τους να υπεισέρχονται στα «άδυτα των αδύτων» της ζωής Προσώπων, ευρισκομένων μονίμως ή προσκαίρως στο προσκήνιο της επικαιρότητας, για διαφόρους λόγους, σημαντικούς ή μη, παρά το γεγονός, ότι πολλές φορές είναι αρκετοί εκείνοι, οι οποίοι μέσω «Συμβούλων» Δημοσίων Σχέσεων Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS διαχέουν οι ίδιοι πληροφορίεςByιδιαιτέρως προσωπικής υφής, για Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, διάφορους λόγους (διαφημιστικούς κ.ά.).

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect θ. Τα προσόντα των Στελεχών τουStudent χώρουofτης Δημοσιότητας εν the School of Architecture γένει, ο τρόπος εκπαίδευσής τους, ο τρόπος Technical επιλογήςUniversity τους από τα of Crete Μέσα, οι συνθήκες εργασίας τους, ενίοτε ιδιαζόντως επικίνδυνες, -ο 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept αριθμός των δολοφονηθέντων Δημοσιογράφων σε διάφορες Χώρες 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the φαινομένου: ancient Greek ανήλθαν philosopher, είναι δηλωτικός του σε 99 κατά την τελευταία ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other heritage heτους left us, he established aεπιρροών great the επταετία, η wise «θωράκισή» έναντι πιθανών κατά την among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. άσκηση των τους, των ορίων των ρυθμίσεων των acquisition of καθηκόντων knowledge starts withπέραν theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Κωδίκων Δεοντολογίας τωνifοικείων Επαγγελματικών 1 (and urban Based,Επαγγελματικής therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) is (in area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 Ενώσεων, η σχέση τους με την Εξουσία κ.ά.. gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various Ειδικώτερον, σε σχέση με τα θέματα του Προσωπικού των Μέσων Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, Μαζικής Επικοινωνίας και ιδίως του Τύπου, βασικού οργάνου των the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever consequences resultsσημειώνεται also rising ofεδώ, landότι prices (and theof Δημοσίωνother Σχέσεων εξ άλλης has, πλευράς, η τρέχουσα whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). κατάσταση εμφανίζεται παγκοσμίως όλως ετερόκλητη. potential relative speculation).

TheΣε term gentrification is found at first the UK in earlyΈνωσης 1960s andλόγω it refers to επίπεδο πολλών Χωρών τηςin Ευρωπαϊκής του The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor μεγάλου ανταγωνισμού, ιδίως στον χώρο τουproperty Τύπου,in(ΙNTERNET, the then observed trend wealthy people to there buy poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof έκδοση εφημερίδων διανεμόμενων δωρεάν, εκδόσεις, London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes thereδικτυακές and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. μείωση εσόδων εκ διαφημίσεων κ.ά.), οι απολύσεις Στελεχών being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth (Δημοσιογράφων, Τεχνικών κ.ά.) τείνουν να λάβουν ενδημική μορφή.

A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major κατάσταση στην αντίπερα όχθη τον Ατλαντικού είναι πλέον cities inHWestern countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, issue has several scholars and for its more σύνθετη: οι the κυκλοφορίες πολλών εφημερίδων, βασικών Μέσων Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various Δημοσίων Σχέσεων, παραμένουν κατά την τελευταία πενταετία comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations phenomenon of gentrification, the following: σταθερές και of ταthe έσοδα εκ διαφημίσεων αυξάνουν, αλλά εντείνονται οι interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new of social groups απολύσεις Δημοσιογράφων. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money H συνήθης ερμηνεία του φαινομένου των απολύσεων είναι η and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the αυτή: οιsafety Μέτοχοι Εταιρειών, εισηγμένων κατάfor κανόνα 1.of The termat comes from Εκδοτικών Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS was born in sense the των distributed residencies outside town centres, better Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published anνα important study entitled: στα οικεία τοπικά Χρηματιστήρια, μη δυνάμενοι συμπιέσουν τα services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for άλλα στοιχεία κόστους, (τιμές χάρτου, αμοιβές διανεμητών, lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private car access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 she teacher του in the ασφαλιστικές εισφορές κ.ά.), επιλέγουν την οδό της to another approach, the is due tobecame a μείωσης systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying Στελεχιακού Δυναμικού, ενίοτε και προληπτικώς, πράγμα, το οποίο, εξ her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for the depreciation initially ofτων part Δημοσιογράφων, of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: άλλης πλευράς, κατά την άποψη των Ενώσεων Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a«συνεφέλκεται variety of ways, in order Abstract. to επί achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually εκπτώσεις των τομέων περιεχομένου, ποιότητας

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

8

και αντικειμενικότητας». ι. H αντικειμενικότητα των διαχεομένων πληροφοριών, είτε πρόκειται περί ειδήσεων, είτε περί μηνυμάτων Δημοσίων Σχέσεων, είτε περί Διαφημιστικών μηνυμάτων κ.ά. ια. Οι συνθήκες του εν γένει ανταγωνισμού μεταξύ των Μέσων Μαζικής Επικοινωνίας, οι οποίες τείνουν συνεχώς να καταστούν

By Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS κυριολεκτικώς αδυσώπητες και εξοντωτικές, ιδία C. μετά την έξαρση του Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, φαινομένου της «περιφερειοποίησης» των Μέσων, ιδίως του Τύπου.

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Υπενθυμίζεται, ότι οι νέες συνθήκες λειτουργίας των Μέσων Student of the School of Architecture Μαζικής Επικοινωνίας και ιδίως εκείνες περί Τύπου, χαρακτηριζόμενες Technical University of Crete από την ένταση του ανταγωνισμού, την ψηφιοποίηση της διαδικασίας 1. Introductory Defining the concept παραγωγής, τις approach: δικτυακές εκδόσεις κ.ά., οδηγούν σε επείγουσες 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, αναζητήσεις νέων προσεγγίσεων.

ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among otherδεν wise heritage left us, he established a great the Έτσι, πρέπει να he θεωρηθεί τυχαίο το γεγονός, ότι προσφάτως among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. Επίτροπος της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης, υπεύθυνος γιαcontent τα συναφή θέματα acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term επεδίωξε, μέσω την συμμετοχή Εκδοτών εκ 1 (andενός Based, therefore, on«Brainstorming», this “principle” is inindicated aμε first, if (in not final, approach, the term urban gentrification) the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 Χωρών της Δυτικής Ευρώπης, να διατυπωθούν προτάσεις gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various αντιμετώπισης των νέων συνθηκών και προκλήσεων.

Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually low-income and the placement of artists, Επισημαίνεται, ότι τα of νέα προβλήματα είναι ενίοτεthere ιδιάζουσας the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof υφής και σύνθετα, τείνοντα να λάβουν παγκόσμια διάσταση. whatever other consequences results also rising ofπρωτοβουλία land prices (and the potential relative speculation). Ενδεικτικώς αναφέρεται εδώhas, σχετική πρόσφατη της potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification Ποδοσφαίρου is found at first in the UKηinοποία early 1960s and itνα refers to Διεθνούς Ομοσπονδίας (FIFA), επεδίωξε θέσει The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor νέους όρους για trend την κάλυψη των ποδοσφαίρου μέσωof the then observed wealthy sometimes peopleαγώνων to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents are δικτυακών εκδόσεων εφημερίδων, περιλαμβάνοντες περιορισμό του London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. αριθμού των φωτογραφιών, οι οποίες θα παρουσιάζονται σε being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth ηλεκτρονικές εκδόσεις των η in τυχόν μετάδοσή τους να A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same whileεφημερίδων, similar were in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major πραγματοποιείται δύο ώρες μετά την λήξη των αγώνων κ.ά. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Είναι αυτονόητο, ότι ενέργειες αυτής της μορφής, κατά την Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various άποψη των Εκδοτών εφημερίδων, περιορίζουν την ελεύθερη comprehensivethe approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations phenomenon gentrification, theοδηγούν following: κυκλοφορία of και διάχυση τωνof πληροφοριών, σε μειώσεις interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new of social groups κυκλοφοριών κ.ά. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money ιβ. H ευθύνη των Μέσων Μαζικής Επικοινωνίας έναντι της and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Κοινωνίας, ηatcomes οποία απασχολεί πλέον όχι μόνον μέρους Πολίτες 1.of The term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS wasbetter bornήin sense safety the distributed residencies outside townεπί centres, search for Berlin, where she madeαλλά her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: Ενώσεις Πολιτών, σχηματισμούς, όπως η Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση, επί services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for μέρους Κράτη lower living cost κ.ά.. of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.Κοινοβούλιο In 1950 sheto became teacher in the Υπενθυμίζεται εδώ, ότι το the Ευρωπαϊκό to another approach, is due a απασχοληθέν systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying προ τινός χρόνου με σχετική Έκθεση της Επιτροπής Πολιτικών και her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web,το in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Εσωτερικών Υποθέσεων, διεπίστωσε, ότι στα σημερινά Κράτη Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: wetzel/gentry.htm aδικαίωμα variety ofτης ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, (actually πληροφόρησης ενhttp://www.uncanny.net/ γένει το ασκούν“voluntary”, Κοινωνικές Ομάδες

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

και Επιχειρήσεις από την σκοπιά συνήθως της πολιτικής τους τοποθέτησης. Οι εν λόγω Φορείς, όμως, είναι αναγκαίο να αντικατοπτρίζουν την πολυμέρεια της Κοινωνίας, προς την οποία απευθύνονται και να προάγουν ένα πραγματικό διάλογο μεταξύ Μέσων και Κοινωνίας. Παραλλήλως, ετονίσθη, ότι πρέπει να συνδυασθούν αρμονικώς η ελευθερία έκφρασης και η ελευθερία επιBy Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS χειρηματικής δράσης και να διασφαλισθεί το δικαίωμα των Πολιτών να Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, διαδίδουν ελευθέρως τις σκέψεις των. Πέραν αυτών, το Ευρωπαϊκό

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Κοινοβούλιο, υιοθέτησε προσφάτως «Έκθεση σχετικά με τα Κρατικά Student of the School of Architecture Ραδιοτηλεοπτικά Μέσα στην ψηφιακή εποχή: Technical το μέλλον του διττού University of Crete συστήματος».

1. Introductory approach: concept περιβάλλον η δωρεάν Επισημαίνεται, ότι Defining στο νέοtheψηφιακό 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC - 370 BC, δημόσια προσφορά των δικτύων αποτελεί (444 πρόβλημα για Athens), πολλά ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the εμπορικά σήματα. among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. Πέρανof αυτών, ταstarts θέματα των Μέσων the Μαζικής Επικοινωνίας acquisition knowledge with the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term ανεξαρτήτως τωνurban στόχων, τους οποίους κατά περίπτωση υπηρετούν 1 (and Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in not final, approach, the term gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (Ειδησεογραφίας, Διαφήμισης, Δημοσίων Σχέσεων κ.ά.), απησχόλησαν gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various και κατά το παρελθόν εκ νέου το Κοινοβούλιο της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, προς την κατεύθυνση θέσπισης νέωνetc. ρυθμίσεων και προσεγγίσεων, όχι the operation of art galleries, restaurants, However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences results also risingαλλά of land prices (andτων theof μόνον λόγω της σύνολης has, σημασίας τους, και λόγω whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, resultsαλλαγών also rising land prices (andκαι the potential relative παρατηρούμενων συναφών ραγδαίων σεofεθνικό, διεθνές potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to παγκόσμιο επίπεδο.

The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property poor Σχετικώς αναφέρεται Ειδική του ininΕυρωπαϊκού the then observed trend wealthy people Έκθεση to there buy property poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof Κοινοβουλίου στην οποία, πέραν σειράς καταγραφόμενων σημαντικών London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. διαπιστώσεων, π.χ. η is διαπίστωση, ότι ofταSociologist τηλεοπτικά being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of (όπως this phenomenon included in the work Ruth προγράμματα, περιλαμβάνοντα, ως εκ της inwere φύσεως A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included the recorded workτου of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar inπράγματος, other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major εμφανή ή αφανή μηνύματα Δημοσίων Σχέσεων κ.λ., τα οποία cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Since then, the issue has several scholars and for έως its more εισάγονται από τις Η.Π.Α. στην Researchers. Ε.Ε. ανέρχονται σε ποσοστό και Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various 70% των μεταδιδόμενων προγραμμάτων, ενώ τα τηλεοπτικά comprehensivethe approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations phenomenon of gentrification, theεισάγονται following: προγράμματαofευρωπαϊκής προέλευσης τα οποία στις Η.Π.Α. interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new of social groups μετά βίας ανέρχονται σε ποσοστό 1% του μεταδιδόμενου στις Η.Π.Α. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money τηλεοπτικού υλικού κ.ά.), διατυπώνονται και κρίσιμες επισημάνσεις, and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the όπως: 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin,- where she made her first studies.

In 1932 she published an important study entitled: Είναι αναγκαία μία νέα πολιτική «επιθετικού χαρακτήρα» από services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for πλευράς Ένωσης προς την κατεύθυνση της εξασφάλισης lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private easier access to markets, etc.where studies andΕυρωπαϊκής research Geneva, Prague, London and car New York she came back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 she teacher in the της βιωσιμότητας τηςapproach, ευρωπαϊκής βιομηχανίας οπτικοακουστικών to another the is due tobecame a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying μέσων και υλικού, δεδομένου τον γεγονότος, ότι ο εν γένει κύκλος her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: εργασιών του τομέα των Μέσων Μαζικής Επικοινωνίας υπερβαίνει Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aκατ’ variety inτων order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, έτοςofτοways, ποσό 400.000.000.000 ΕΥΡΩ εντός της Ε.Ε. (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

- Είναι αναγκαία η εξασφάλιση και η διατήρηση της πολυμορφίας

10

των διαφόρων πολιτισμικών παραδόσεων και των επί μέρους εθνικών γλωσσών εντός της Ε.Ε., πράγμα το οποίο πρέπει να υποστηριχθεί και μέσω Προγραμμάτων Προβολής.

- Είναι αναγκαία η εφαρμογή πολιτικών στήριξης της δυνατότητας ανταγωνισμού της βιομηχανίας οπτικοακουστικών μέσων

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS και υλικού ως παράγοντος οικονομικής ανάπτυξης, αλλά εξ ίσου Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, αναγκαία εμφανίζεται η δι’ αυτής αναπαραγωγή της πολιτιστικής

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect ταυτότητας της Ευρωπαϊκής Ηπείρου, η οποία φαλκιδεύεται Student of the School of Architecture ποικιλοτρόπως εκ πολλών πλευρών και ιδίως από πλευράς Η.Π.Α., και Technical University of Crete μέσω Προγραμμάτων Δημοσίων Σχέσεων, (π.χ. Ιδρυμάτων χορήγησης 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept υποτροφιών σε νέους Επιστήμονες κ.ά.).

1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, - Είναι αναγκαία η ρύθμιση των θεμάτων των μεταδιδόμενων ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the διαφημίσεων, οι οποίες συνιστούν αληθή και ουσιαστικό αιμοδότη των among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. Μέσων Μαζικής Επικοινωνίας, ιδίως εκείνων of ιδιωτικής ιδιοκτησίας και acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term εντός τουtherefore, χώρου της Ε.Ε.“principle” Επισημαίνεται προκειμένω, ότι the ενίοτε 1 (and urban Based, on this inindicated a first,εν if (in not final, approach, term gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 πληροφορίες εκ του χώρου των Δημοσίων Σχέσεων δημοσιοποιούνται gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various ευρέως ή μη υπό των Μέσων (και) αναλόγως των διαφημιστικών Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, δαπανών, εκείνων στους οποίους αναφέρονται. the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other αναγκαία consequencesη has, results also rising of land prices (and theof - Είναι επανεξέταση προς ρεαλιστικώτερες whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). προσεγγίσεις του θέματος των δικαιωμάτων πνευματικής ιδιοκτησίας potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found first in της the UK in early 1960s and it refersεν to των διαφόρων Δημιουργών, η at πάταξη πειρατίας πάσης μορφής The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor γένει κ.ά. observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of the then London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are Πέραν του Κοινοβουλίου και ηsometimes Επιτροπήthere της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης London, upgrade them, stay themselves and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. υπέβαλε προ τινός στο Συμβούλιο κείμενο Οδηγίας για την «Τηλεόραση being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth χωρίς σύνορα», εντός 25 similar Χωρών Μελώνinwere της μεother βάση και A description ofperiod, this των phenomenon is situations included theΈνωσης, work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while recorded in major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major σχετικές υποδείξεις του by Ευρωπαϊκού Κοινοβουλίου. cities in Western countries, other Researchers. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Υπενθυμίζεται, ότι τοpreoccupied τελευταίο εκφράζει κατ’ αυτάς ουσιώδεις Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various ενστάσεις για την συνεχιζόμενη υπερσυγκέντρωση Μέσων Μαζικής comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations the phenomenon gentrification, the following: Επικοινωνίαςof από άτομα ή ofεπιχειρηματικούς Ομίλους, επιθυμεί interpretations of the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups βελτίωση των όρων isπροώθησης ευρωπαϊκών τηλεοπτικών to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money συμπαραγωγών κ.ά. and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Αναλυτικώς: The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.of safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin,Το where she made her first studies. Inζήτησε 1932 sheαπό published an important study entitled: Ευρωπαϊκό Κοινοβούλιο την Επιτροπή την λήψη services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for μέτρων σεresearch διάφορους τομείς, όπως: lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the H she προαγωγή τηςapproach, ευρωπαϊκής οπτικοακουστικής βιομηχανίας, η to another the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying ενίσχυση Ανεξάρτητων Ευρωπαίων Παραγωγών κ.ά. her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: H ενίσχυση του Προγράμματος της2009. Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης MED1A Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aγια variety in order toπαραγωγής achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually τηνof ways, στήριξη της Abstract. και διανομής τηλεοπτικών

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

προγραμμάτων ευρωπαϊκής προέλευσης, προκειμένου οι Παραγωγοί τους να αντιμετωπίσουν ευχερώς τον εισαγόμενο από τις Η.Π.Α. ανταγωνισμό. Επειδή η οπτικοακουστική βιομηχανία υπό καθεστώς πλουραλισμού συνιστά αφ’ ενός παράγοντα οικονομικής ανάπτυξης, λόγω των δημιουργούμενων θέσεων απασχόλησης και αφ’ ετέρου

By Mr.και George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS παράγοντα πολιτιστικής ανέλιξης εμπέδωσης δημοκρατικών Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, θεσμών, πρέπει να ενισχυθεί στο μεγαλύτερο εφικτό επίπεδο.

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect H επιδίωξη δημιουργίας συνθηκών συγκρότησης τόσον ενός Student of the School of Architecture ανεξάρτητου δημόσιου οπτικοακουστικού τομέα, όσον και ofενός Technical University Crete ιδιωτικού εμπορικού τομέα, εξασφαλιζόμενης με παρεμβάσεις 1. Introductory approach: Defining concept ρυθμιστικού χαρακτήρα της μεταξύthe των ισορροπίας.

1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek των philosopher, H εξασφάλιση της ποιότητας προγραμμάτων.

ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the Oother διαχωρισμός κυρίως προγράμματος, διαφημιστικών among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. μηνυμάτων μηνυμάτων Δημοσίων Σχέσεων. the content of concepts. acquisition ofκαι knowledge starts with theindefinition Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term H υπαγωγή των νέων μορφώνisinΤηλεόρασης μέσω δικτύων ADSL, 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) indicated area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 INTERNET και μεταφερόμενων τηλεφώνων, στους αυτούς κανόνες gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various λειτουργίας με την «παραδοσιακή» Τηλεόραση.

Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), social groups, of low-income and thethis placement there of κατά artists, Hofενίσχυση των usually Πολιτικών των μέρους Κρατών Μελών the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.επί However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences results also rising of landαπό prices (and the της συγκέντρωσης Μέσωνhas, Μαζικής Επικοινωνίας Άτομα ήof whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential speculation). Ομίλους,relative δεδομένου, ότι αυτή συνιστά απειλή για τους δημοκρατικούς potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in theτην UK καταχρηστική in early 1960s andμετάδοση it refers to θεσμούς, την πολιτιστική πολυφωνία, The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refers to the then observed trend of to buy property in poor μηνυμάτων των Δημοσίων Σχέσεωνpeople κ.ά. to buy property in poor areasofof the then observed trend wealthy London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are ιγ. upgrade Το θέμα τηςstayοικονομικής ενίσχυσης Μέσων Μαζικής London, them, themselves sometimes thereτων and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Επικοινωνίας παρά του Κράτους, είτε ευθέως, είτε εμμέσως με την being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth μορφή παροχής υπηρεσιών στα isΜέσα από Κρατικές Υπηρεσίες ή A description ofperiod, this phenomenon included inwere the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar situations recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Δημόσιες Επιχειρήσεις, μεother εκπτώσεις επί των ισχυόντων για άλλους cities in Western countries, by Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several and forγια its more χρήστες τιμολογίων κ.ά., ανεξαρτήτως τωνscholars ρυθμίσεων την Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various δημοσίευση ή μετάδοση διαφημίσεων, σημαντικότατης πηγής εσόδων comprehensivethe approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of gentrification, following: για όλα τα of Μέσαphenomenon Μαζικής Επικοινωνίας, ηtheοποία (δημοσίευση ή interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense,ρυθμίζεται theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups μετάδοση) (συνήθως...) υπό Κωδίκων Δεοντολογίας. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Σε σχέση με την οικονομική κατάσταση των Μέσων Μαζικής and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Επικοινωνίας αναφέρονται εδώRuth όλως ενδεικτικώς μερικά πρόσφατα 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, search for Berlin, where she made her first studies. Inεπιχειρήσεις 1932 she published anΧώρες importantΜέλη study entitled: στοιχεία για τις τηλεοπτικές σε της services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Ευρωπαϊκής αυτά καταγράφονται στην έκδοση lower living cost Ένωσης, of, in “withdrawal” from private car access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva,όπως Prague, London and Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 sheτου published studies regarding city planning.

In 1950 she teacher in the Yearbook έτους του Ευρωπαϊκού Οπτικοακουστικού toπαρελθόντος another approach, the phenomenon is due tobecame a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying Παρατηρητηρίου: her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part the urban web, in 10th edit.

COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: - ΤαWil. έσοδα των τηλεοπτικών επιχειρήσεων τωνof Χωρών Μελών Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aέχουν variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, αυξηθεί κατά την τελευταία πενταετία, παρά“voluntary”, τις περί του(actually 252111 11

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

12

Byσε Mr.ποσοστό George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS αντιθέτου δυσοίωνες προβλέψεις 4,4% εν σχέσει με την Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, προηγουμένη πενταετία..

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect - Ποσοστό 90% των συνολικών εσόδων της τηλεοπτικής Student of the School of Architecture βιομηχανίας των Χωρών Μελών της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης προέρχεται Technical University of Crete από ανταποδοτικά τέλη, διαφημίσεις και συνδρομές. Το υπόλοιπο 1. Introductory Defining the concept ποσοστό εσόδωνapproach: 10% συγκροτούν έσοδα εκ πωλήσεων τηλεοπτικών 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, προγραμμάτων, μισθώσεις εξοπλισμού κ.ά.

ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among wise ανάπτυξης heritage he της left us,γένει he established a great the - other O ρυθμός εν τηλεοπτικής αγοράς εντός των among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. Χωρών Μελών της starts Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσηςtheείναι ανομοιογενής, acquisition of knowledge with theindefinition content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term προηγουμένης προκειμένω της ενώ ενof Planning) σχέσει με 1 (andεν Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a Γαλλίας, first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term urban gentrification) is area (or gentrification 1 πραγματοποιηθέντα κατά διάφορες χρονικές περιόδους έσοδα gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various προηγείται η Μεγάλη Βρεταννία και ακολουθούν η Γερμανία, η Ιταλία, Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, ηways), Ισπανία κ.ά. the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever otherόλων consequences also rising of land prices (and και theof Πέραν αυτών has, για results την διαμόρφωση πληρέστερης whatever otherspeculation). consequences has,θέματος results also of land αξιολόγησης, prices (and the potential relative ευκρινέστερης εικόνας επί του τηςrising συλλογής, potential relative speculation).

The termδωρεάν gentrification at first in the UKεν in early 1960s andαναγκαία it refers to διάχυσης ή μηis found των πληροφοριών γένει, είναι The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor ενδεικτική αναφορά στο INTERNET. the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof Όπως είναι γνωστόν, το INTERNET έχειand δημιουργηθεί στις London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες της Βόρειας Αμερικής περί τα τέλη του έτους 1960 being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth υπόAEρευνητών, οιperiod, οποίοι ανεζήτουν τρόπους σύνδεσης description of this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work ofηλεκτρονικών Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major υπολογιστών εγκατεστημένων σε διάφορες πόλεις, κυρίως των cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

Since then, the issue με has preoccupied scholars and for its more Ηνωμένων Πολιτειών, προέχοντα τονseveral «ακαδημαϊκό» χαρακτήρα του Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various πράγματος. comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations the phenomenon gentrification, thebelow, following: Η χρήσηofτου συστήματοςof λόγω των πολλαπλών δυνατοτήτων, interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new of των socialαρχών groups εφαρμογών και πλεονεκτημάτων του έχει γενικευθεί από to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money του έτους 1990 και είναι σήμερα δυνατή η πρόσβαση σ’ αυτό από and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the περισσότερες τωνdistributed 150 Χωρών, οι 1912-1940. χρήστες τουsearch συστήματος 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruthενώ GLASS, Ruth GLASS wasbetter born in sense safety the residencies outside town centres, for Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: ανέρχονται πλέον σε δισεκατομμύρια, παρά το θρυλούμενο, ότι services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for αποτελεί μηχανή (non trivial machine). lower living costμη of,προβλέψιμη “withdrawal” from private easier access markets, etc.where studies andμία research in Geneva, Prague, London and car New York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies cityphenomenon planning.

1950 sheto became teacher in the Τέλος, εκφράζεται ηregarding ευχή όπως, ούτως In εχόντων των πραγμάτων, to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying τα Μέσα Μαζικής Επικοινωνίας αποτελούσαν εφεξής «συνεκτικό» her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCo depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.των Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

The Free Encyclopedia: κρίκο Ανθρωπίνων Κοινωνιών εν WIKIPEDIA: πνεύματι Δημοκρατίας, Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aκατανόησης variety of ways, in order Abstract. toσυνύπαρξης. achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually και ειρηνικής

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