Teyxos 88

Κείμενα / Articles Κωνστ. ΓΕ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ Const. GE. ATHANASOPOULOS Σπ. ΒΛΙΑΜΟΣ Γ. ΓΕΩΡΓΗΣ K›ÌÂÓ·/Articles Β.Δ. ΔΕΛΗΘΕΟΥ Θεόδ. ΚΑΛΛΙΑΝΟΣ ∫ˆÓÛÙ. °∂. ∞£∞¡∞™√¶√À§√™ Μιχ. ΛΕΠΤΟΣ Παντ. ΛΕΠΤΟΣ Const. GE. ATHANASOPOULOS Sp. MAKRIDAKIS Nαπ. ΜΑΡΑΒΕΓΙΑΣ £. ∫∞§§π∞¡√™ Pr. MAVRIDIS §.-™. ƒ∞∫π∆∑∏™ Π. ΜΙΧΑΗΛΙΔΗΣ Andr. MOLESKIS ¢. ∆™∞∫∞§∞∫∏™ Δημ. ΝΟΥΣΗ Σόλ. ΞΕΝΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ Μιχ. ΠΕΡΑΝΤΩΝΗΣ Ευαγγ. ΠΡΩΤΟΠΑΠΑ Άρτ. Δ. ΣΑΒΒΙΔΟΥ KENTPO EP. ¶EP. ANA¶T. IÂÚ. ¢. ¶INTO™ Μich. THEYS Î·È AÓ. IÂÚ. ¶INTOY Παύλ. ΤΖΕΡΜΙΑΣ Ανδρ. ΧΡΙΣΤΟΦΙΔΗΣ

ΚΕΝΤΡΟ ΕΡ. ΠΕΡ. ΑΝΑΠΤ. Ιερ. Δ. ΠΙΝΤΟΣ και Αν. Ιερ. ΠΙΝΤΟΥ Georg. - Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Ευγ. - Μαρ. Κ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ Arg. BENTENIOTIS Δευκαλίων°.ο Θεσσαλός: Εκδ. Θάν. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ ™. ∫. ∞£∞¡∞™√¶√À§√™

Δέσπ. ΔΟΥΡΟΥ G.- Sp. K. ATHANASOPOULOS Κiki ZENIOU °. ¢∞™∫∞§∞∫∏™ Μάρ. ΛΟΪΖΙΔΗΣ ¢È‡ı. MÂÙ·ÊÚ·ÛÙÈÎÔ‡: ∂.- ª. ∫. ∞£∞¡∞™√¶√À§√ Κατερ. ΠΡΟΔΡΟΜΟΥ ¢ÈÔÈÎËÙ. YËÚÂۛ˜: Ελεον. ΣΤΑΥΡΑΚΑΚΗ E. A£ANA™O¶OY§O™ Κυρ. ΣΤΡΑΤΙΔΑΚΗ A. KYPA°°E§OY

E¶I£EøPH™H ΕΠΙΘΕΩΡΗΣΗ A¶OKENTPø™H™ ΑΠΟΚΕΝΤΡΩΣΗΣ TO¶IKH™ ΤΟΠΙΚΗΣ AYTO¢IOIKH™H™ ΑΥΤΟΔΙΟΙΚΗΣΗΣ KAI ¶EPIºEPEIAKH™ ΚΑΙ ΠΕΡΙΦΕΡEΙΑΚΗΣ ANA¶TY•H™ ΑΝΑΠΤΥΞΗΣ ✸ REVUE DE DECENTRALISATION D' ADMINISTRATION LOCALE ET DE DEVELOPPEMENT REGIONAL ✸ REVIEW OF DECENTRALIZATION LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT

Διεύθ. Μεταφραστικού: Ε. - Μ. Κ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ Εικοστό τρίτο έτος συνεχούς έκδοσης Διοικητ. Υπηρεσίες: ¢¤Î·ÙÔÓ fiÁ‰ÔÔÓ ¤ÙÔ˜ Û˘Ó¯ԇ˜ ¤Î‰ÔÛ˘ Epitheorisi-athanasopoulos.webnode.gr Ε. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ http : //Επιστημονικός library.panteion.gr/pandemos ñ EÏÏËÓÈο ÂÚÈÔ‰Èο Υπεύθυνος Έκδοσης Α. ΚΥΡΑΓΓΕΛΟΥ email:c.d.const.ge.athan@gmail.com

Καθηγητής Κωνστ. ΓΕ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ hephaestus.nup.ac.cy/ Athanasopoulos Constantinos GE T‡¯Ô˜/N. 68 A£HNAI/ATHENES/ATHENS 2012 http: // library.panteion.gr/pandemos - Ελληνικά περιοδικά Ε-mail: c.athanasopoulos@nup.ac.cy Τηλ.:0030/6944.626140, 0030/210.8647120, Fax:0030/210.8658868

Τεύχος / Ν. 88 ΑΘΗΝΑΙ / ATHENES / ATHENS 2017

E¶. A¶. TO¶. AYT. ¶EP. AN. / R.DEC. ADM. LOC. DEV. REG. / R. DEC. LOC. GOV. REG. DEV. E¶. A¶. TO¶. AYT. ¶EP. AN. / R.DEC. ADM. LOC. DEV. REG. / R. DEC. LOC. GOV. REG. DEV.

KˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙ›ÓÔ˜ °E. A£ANA™O¶OY§O™ K·ıËÁËÙ‹˜ ¶·ÓÙ›Ԣ ¶·ÓÂ. KÔÈÓ. Î·È ¶ÔÏ. EÈÛÙËÌ., competence state affairs inEπιτρ�πής their Region, based onΠανεπιστηµί�υ Article 101 ofκαι current ∆ιευθύνεταιof υπ� Συντακτικής εκ Kαθηγητών ¶·ÓÂÈÛÙËÌ›Ô˘ AıËÓÒÓ (EÈÛÎ.), Eιδικών Eπιστηµ�νων. Σύστηµα Kριτών.

Constitution.3 Ex Ch.L.U.L. Bruxelles, Ex Int. I.I.A.P., d’Paris Dirigée Comité de rédaction Professeurs Université et de Abolition ofpar the 13 Regions of thedeGovernment Decree of 6/3/1987.

13 new Scientifiques Spécialisés Regions come in their place (Organizations of second grade local government) Directed by Edition Board of University Professors and Specialized Scientists System(Organizations of external evaluators along with the municipalities of first grade) as an expression of popular sovereignty, they consist a fundamental institution of the Greek public life, * Tιµή τεύ��υς: 9 f Συνδρ�µές ετήσιες: Φιλίας: 300 f ∆ηµ�σίων as guaranteed by the provisions of Article 102 of the current Constitution4 and the E¶IKOINøNIA Yπηρεσιών, N.Π.∆. και I.∆., ∆ήµων, N�µαρ�ιακών Aυτ�δι�ικήσεων,Tραπε�ών, 5 European Charter of Local Self-Government.

KOINH °NøMH Eταιρειών: 150 f Iδιωτών: 30 f Φ�ιτητών: 15 f Abolition fromEI¢H 1/1/2011¢HMO™IOTHTA™ of the Prefecture, E�ωτερικ�ύ: US $ Local 100 Government of second grade, Prix: f Abonnements: Prix d’ ami: 300 f(which Servicesultimately Publics, Personnes de as it 9was provided

by Law 1622/1986 was notMorales implemented AN£Pø¶INE™ ™XE™EI™

¢HMO™IE™ ™XE™EI™

Droit Public ou Privé, Communes, Administrations Départementales, Banques, ¢IAºHMI™H Sociétés: 150 f Individuels: 30 f Etudiants: 15 f Etranger: US $ 100 MARKETING Price: 9 f Subscriptions: 300 f Public Services, 3. Article 101 of current ConstitutionFriendship: 1975/1986/2001/2008: Legal Persons of Public or¶PO¶A°AN¢A Law, Communities, Prefecturesystem.

Administrations, ñ State’s administration isPrivate organized according to the decentralized Banks, 150 Individuals: 30 fof geo-economic, social and TOdivision «¶PO´ON» TøN ME™øN ñ Administrative ofSocieties: the country is f formed on the basis transport conditions.

Students: 15 f Abroad: US $ 100 MAZIKH™ E¶IKOINøNIA™ ñ Regional Institutions of the State generally have decisive competence on issues of their * ENNOIA KAI £EøPHTIKH £EME§Iø™H Υπεύθυνος Τυπογραφείου province.

Central Government, apart from special cases, has the general direction, coordination Yπεύθυν�ς Tυπ�γρα�εί�υ TøN ¢HMO™IøN ™XE™EøN ΕΚΤΥΠΩΣΕΙΣ ΘΕΟΔΩΡΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ ΔΗΜΗΤΡΗΣ and control of legitimacy of the Regional institutions as provided by law.

EI∆IKH EK∆OTIKH A.E.E.B.E. Μάρνη 25, Πλ. Βάθης, Αθήνα, ñ Common legislator and Administration, when they act normative, they are obliged to take OI «APXE™» TøN ¢HMO™IøN ™XE™EøN Xαλκ�κ�νδύλη 35,Tηλε�.

Kέντρ�: (210) 5242177, (210) 5226641, FAX: (210) 5232409 τηλ.: 210.5234559, φαξ: 2105203633, email: theogi@otenet.gr into account the special conditions of island and mountainous areas, ensuring their growth.

H OP°ANø™H TøN Y¶HPE™IøN * Article 101A TøN ¢HMO™IøN ™XE™EøN Where Constitution provides the establishment of an Independent Tα δηµ�σιευ�µενα κείµεναfor απη��ύν τις απ�ψειςand τωνoperation Συντακτών τ�υς Authority, its Members are appointed for a fixed tenure and they are governed by και δεσµεύ�υν την¢HMO™IøN EΠIΘ. AΠOK.,TOΠ.

AYT. KAI ΠEP. AN. personal and TAδεν ME™A TøN ™XE™EøN functional independence, as specified by law. * TH§EOPA™H TY¶O™, PA¢IOºøNIA, 4. Article 102 of the Constitution 1975/1986/2001/2008: Administration of local affairs belongs to Local Government Organizations first and second Oι ñαναγγελίες εντ�ς πλαισί�υ των νέων εκδ�σεων απ�τελ�ύν �ιλική of πρ�σ��ρά INTERNET grade. τ�υ Eπιστηµ�νικ�ύ Yπευθύν�υ τ�υ Περι�δικ�ύ πρ�ς τ�υς Συγγρα�είς τ�υς TO Organizations ¢E§TIO TY¶OY To Local Government there is presumption of competence for the * administration of local affaires.

Law ¢HMO™IøN defines the extend™XE™EøN and types of local affairs and the H ¢EONTO§O°IA TøN Bάσει τ�υbetween N. 2121/1993 και των σ�ετικών καν�νων τ�υGovernment ∆ιεθν�ύς ∆ικαί�υ απα- the distribution each grade.

Law may delegate to Local organizations γ�ρεύεται η αναδηµ�σίευση ή η αναπαραγωγή (�λική ή µερική) µε �π�ι�ν δήπ�τε PY£MI™EI™ exercise of powers thatNOMIKE™ consist state’s mission. τρ�π� και µε �π�ι� δήπ�τε µέσ� των κειµένων τ�υ¶POBO§H™ παρ�ντ�ς, �ωρίς πρ�ηγ�ύµενη ñH Local Government Organizations have administrative and financial autonomy. Their TEXNIKH TH™ ¶PO™ø¶IKH™ έγγρα�η άδεια τ�υ εκδ�τ�υ. authorities are elected by universal and secret voting, as provided by law.

EI¢IKA £EMATA ¢HMO™IøN ™XE™EøN ñ Law may provide thed’ establishment of compulsory voluntary associations of Local Toute reproduction un extrait quelconque deorcette Revue, par quelque Government Organizations for works or provision of services.

These est associations may be procédé que ce soit, et notamment par photocopie ou microfilm, strictement H ¶EPI¶Tø™H TH™ E§§HNIKH™ A™TYNOMIA™ administrated by elected bodies interdite. ñ State exercises over Local Government Organizations, which The whole of thesupervision material appearing in this Review is a copyright andconcerns may notsolely be to Aı‹Ó·È, 2010 legitimacy control and it is not allowed to block their initiative and freedom of action. Legitimacy reproduced in whole or in part without the permission of the Editor. control is exercised as provided by law. Disciplinary sanctions to elected bodies of local * administration, apart from cases involving automatic deduction or idleness, are being applied only with the consent of a Council, consisted at majority of regular judges, as provided by law. ∆ιεύθυνση / Adresse / Address ñ The State takes the legislative, regulatory fiscal measures needed to ensure economic Eπείγ�υσα Ίµ�ρ�υ 6,all 11257 Aθήναι,ανακ�ίνωση τηλ.: (210)and 8647120, fax: (210) 8658868 independence and6,provides the necessary resources for the accomplishment of the tasks and the IMVROY GR - 11257, ATHENES / ATHENS, teleph.: (210) 8647120, exercise of competences of επιθυµείτε Local Government Organizations with simultaneous Παρακαλείσθε θερµώς �σ�ι να λαµ�άνετε τακτικώς στ� µέλλ�ν ensuring of fax: (210) 8658868 transparency in the management of these resources. Law defines the relative with the and την EΠIΘEΩPHΣH AΠOKENTPΩΣHΣ TOΠIKHΣ AYTO∆IOIKHΣHΣ * distribution, among Local Government Organizations of taxes or fees, determined in their favour, and : //Each library.panteion.gr/pandemos • state’s Eλληνικά περι�δικά KAI ΠEPIΦEPEIAKHΣ ANAΠTY�HΣ, �πως µέ�ρι 20 �κτω�ρί�υ 2012 7 Ιουλίου 2017 μ.Χ. µ.X. collected byhttp State. transferral of competences from central or regional bodies to Local Government implies transfer of corresponding resources.

Law provides the relative regarding απ�στείλετε την συνδρ�µή σας*επ’ �ν�µατι κυρίας definition and collecting of local revenues directly from Local Government organizations.

ISSN 1106-91-71 A.ofKYPAΓΓEΛOY, 11257 Aθήναι Organizations have become 5. Because their importance,Ίµ�ρ�υ issues of6,Local Government subject a series of Conferences, Conferences as well as regulations at ή ναofεπικ�ινωνήσετε σ�ετικώςInternational µε την Γραµµατεία Έκδ�σης,

22143024

τηλ. (210) 8647120, 6944 626140, fax (210) 8658868

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of Τοις intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Εντευξομένοις Η΄ Concerns

Στέργει γαρ ουδείς άγγελον κακών επών Σοφοκλής

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. ATHANASSOPOULOS Του κ. George-Sp. Κωνστ. ΓΕ.C.ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ Architect of the of Architecture Καθηγητού Σχολ.Student Νομικών καιSchool Κοινωνικών Επιστ.

Technical UniversityΠάφος, of Crete Πανεπιστημίου ΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ,

Καθηγητού Επισκ. Μετ. Προγρ. Σπ. Πανεπ. Αθηνών, 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Ομοτ. Καθηγητού ΠΑΝΤΕΙΟΥ Π.Κ.Π.Ε., 1. Introductory approach: the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BCEx. - 370 Athens), Ex Ch. L. U. L. Bruxelles, Int. BC, I.I.A.P., Paris ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the Τα therefore, θέματα της επικοινωνίας μετά Κοινού, των Δημοσίων acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, on this “principle” a first,του if of not final, approach, the term 1 Σχέσεων δηλαδή, (με την ευρύτερη έννοια τον όρον), και τα θέματα Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in the areaοποίων of Planning) (or των Μέσων, Διαδικασιών και των αυτή Sociology as well), as the “refining” of aΤεχνικών, cityisarea, theμέσω removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various επιτυγχάνεται, δεν έχουν αποτελέσει στην Ελλάδα αντικείμενο ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of εκτενούς, ενδελεχούς και συστηματικής έρευνας και μελέτης, παρά την the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results σημαντική και ιδιάζουσα σημασία τους. also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential Το relative γεγονός αυτό οφείλεται σε σειρά λόγων, όπως η μη potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to συστηματική επαγγελματική κατοχύρωση συναφώς The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in earlyτων 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor απασχολουμένων, η μη ολοκληρωθείσα τεχνολογική εξέλιξη του the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof συνόλου του “squeezed”. Τύπου, η με καθυστέρηση «εισβολή» της old Τηλεόρασης London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus residents are being indirectly being indirectlyη“squeezed”. στην Ελλάδα, τον ευρέος Κοινού γιαwork τηνofκατάσταση των A description ofαδιαφορία this phenomenon is included in the Sociologist Ruth A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Μέσων at Μαζικής η «καταγγελλομένη αναξιοπιστία» των GLASS the sameΕπικοινωνίας, period, while similar situations were recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, byενασχόληση other Researchers. Μέσων, η συνειδητή ή μη με άλλα κοινωνικά θέματα κ.λ. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has scholars and for its more H «πλήρης» ενασχόληση Ειδικών several Ερευνητών, (ανεξαρτήτως της Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from επιστημονικής τους υποδομής και προέλευσης), με πτυχές του όλου comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: ζητήματος, (π.χ. με θέματα Μέσων των Δημοσίων Σχέσεων κ.λ.), έχει interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups οδηγήσει στην «παραγωγή» (ενίοτε) λίαν αξιόλογων καταγραφών και to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money συστηματικών αλλά toεξdowntown, άλλης πλευράς, σημαντικά θέματα, and time to travel Μελετών, from the purlieus where work place is, lack of the (συνιστώντα ενίοτε τμήμα της πεμπτουσίας του όλου ζητήματος), 1.

The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS was born in sense of safety at the distributed residencies outside town centres, search for better Berlin, where she made her first studies.

In 1932 she published an important study entitled: παραμένουν «ανέπαφα», «άβατα», services of health, education,«αδιερεύνητα», entertainment “at the heart«αγνοούμενα». of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. Εάν στην κατάσταση αυτή προστεθεί και η «απροθυμία» (ήwhere η studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, in 1943 she published studies regarding city planning.

In 1950 she became teacher in the According to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and «αδυναμία»;) του Νομοθέτου να προβεί στην λήψη των αναγκαίων University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying σχετικών (μέσω ενόςfor πλέγματος ρυθμίσεων her work are μέτρων, characterized by a passion justice. See also:νομοθετικών COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: ορθολογικών, βιώσιμων, συστηματικών, λυσιτελών, τελεσφόρων), τότε G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

το πράγμα προσλαμβάνει άλλες διαστάσεις, και, ενδεχομένως, οδηγεί

2521 311

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

4

στην δημιουργία συνθηκών ευχερούς, (υπό προϋποθέσεις), καταστρατήγησης των στόχων, των σκοπών και της αποστολής των Δημοσίων Σχέσεων και, βεβαίως, των Μέσων Μαζικής Επικοινωνίας, μέσω των οποίων αυτές επιτελούν την αποστολή τους, όποτε δήποτε, υπό οίου δήποτε.

H γνωστή συνταγματική επιταγή, επαναλαμβανόμενη

By Mr. George-Sp.της C. ATHANASOPOULOS στερεοτύπως σε όλα τα τελευταία Συντάγματα Χώρας [βλ. άρθρο Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, 14 του ισχύοντος Συντάγματος, όπως αυτό αναθεωρήθηκε με το

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Ψήφισμα της 6ης Απριλίου 2001 της Ζ΄Student Αναθεωρητικής Βουλής των of the School of Architecture Ελλήνων, (...Νόμος ορίζει τις προϋποθέσεις και Technical τα προσόντα άσκησης University of Crete του Δημοσιογραφικού Επαγγέλματος. Το ιδιοκτησιακό καθεστώς, η 1. Introductory approach:και Defining the concept οικονομική κατάσταση τα μέσα χρηματοδότησης των Μέσων 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the να ancient Greek philosopher, Ενημέρωσης πρέπει γίνωνται γνωστά, όπως νόμος ορίζει...)], μη ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the υλοποιηθείσα μέχρι τούδε, κάθε άλλο παρά λειτουργεί ως370 «εφαλτήριο», among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. «προπομπός», «κατευθυντήριος και «ερέθισμα» για τον Κοινό acquisition of knowledge starts with οδηγία» theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Νομοθέτη να αναλάβει την“principle” ευθύνη διευθέτησης θεμάτων Επικοινωνίας 1 (and Based, therefore, on this inindicated a first, if (in not final, approach, the term urban gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 εν γένει, από μακρού λιμναζόντων και οδηγούντων σε gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, ofκοινωνικές Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various «αγκυλώσεις», «πολιτικές δυσλειτουργίες», «κομματικές παρεμβάσεις».

Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), groups, usually of low-income andιδιαιτέρας thethis placement of artists, Εξof social άλλου, πολλά συναφή θέματα, δεthere σημασίας, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other πάντοτε, consequences has, results also rising land prices (andτης theof παραμένουν δυστυχώς εκτός του ofπεδίου τόσον whatever other consequences resultsυπό also μεμονωμένων rising of land prices (and the potential relative ενδελεχούς και speculation). συστηματικήςhas, έρευνας Ερευνητών, potential relative speculation).

Theκαι term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960sή and it refers to όσον των αντίστοιχων «λειτουργικών» νομοθετικών διοικητικών The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor παρεμβάσεων και πρωτοβουλιών περαιτέρω ρυθμίσεις. the then observed trend wealthyπρος people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof Μεταξύ τωνthem, θεμάτων αυτής της κατηγορίας και London, upgrade stay themselves sometimes thereπεριλαμβάνονται and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. τα ακόλουθα, περί των οποίων, πλην ελαχίστων περιπτώσεων, το being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth εκδηλωθέν ενδιαφέρον μικρής έκτασης ανύπαρκτο: A description ofperiod, this phenomenon isείναι included inwere the work ofήSociologist Ruth GLASS at theερευνητικό same while similar situations recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major H οριοθέτηση αυτής ταύτης της έννοιας των cities inα.Western countries, byκατ’ otherαρχάς Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Since then, the issue severalτων scholars and for και its more Δημοσίων Σχέσεων καιhas ιδίως η Researchers. οριοθέτηση προσόντων των Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various ιδιοτήτων, τα οποία πρέπει να διαθέτει ο Σύμβουλος Δημοσίων comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, theαυτού following: Σχέσεων. Εν προκειμένω η καταχρηστική χρήση του τίτλου υπό interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new of social groups πλήθους «ασχέτων» είναι ιδιαζόντως υπερβολική. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money β. Το «ετερόκλητο» καθεστώς ιδιοκτησίας των Μέσων Μαζικής and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Επικοινωνίας, (ταdistributed οποία καλούνται να «υπηρετήσουν» τις Δημόσιες 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born in sense safety the residencies outside town centres, for Berlin, where she made her first studies.

In 1932ποικίλλουν, she published an important study entitled: Σχέσεις), περί το οποίο οι ρυθμίσεις απαιτουμένης, κατά services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for περίπτωση, των μετοχών των lower living costονομαστικοποίησης of, in “withdrawal” from private easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car New York she came back toανωνύμων London, in According 1943 she ιδιοκτησίας published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 she in the εταιρειών των Μέσων, επιτρεπομένης ενίοτε τηςteacher κατοχής to another approach, the is due tobecame a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying μετοχών ποσοστού συγκεκριμένου «πλαφόν» για τους επί μέρους her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially ofχώρο part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: μετόχους εταιρειών δραστηριοποιουμένων στον των Μέσων ΜαGentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aζικής variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Επικοινωνίας, απαγορευομένης της κατοχής, ενίοτε και υπό

2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

προϋποθέσεις, μετοχών εταιρειών δραστηριοποιουμένων στον τομέα των Μέσων Μαζικής Επικοινωνίας υπό προσώπων αναλαμβανόντων δημόσια έργα κ.ά.. Επί του τελευταίου σημείου διετυπώθη η άποψη κατά πόσον είναι «ισχυρός» ο περιορισμός αυτής της μορφής, υπό το καθεστώς της επιταγής του ισχύοντος εν Ελλάδι Συντάγματος περί της δυνατότητας

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS εκάστου «να διαδίδει ελευθέρως προφορικώς και εγγράφως τους Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, στοχασμούς τον...». Εν πάση περιπτώσει, το όλο θέμα πρέπει «να

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect κρατηθεί» προς περαιτέρω έρευνα, επί σκοπώ εναρμόνισης της Student of the School of Architecture σχετικής κατάστασης προς τα ισχύοντα σε άλλες Χώρες, ιδίωςof Crete της Technical University Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης, δεδομένης της παντοειδούς σημασίας του και 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept υπό το φως μάλιστα του εκδηλουμένου τεραστίου ενδιαφέροντος, 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, theπλέον ancient Greek philosopher, (λόγω της ευχερούς μετακίνησης των διεθνών κεφαλαίων), των ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the πολυεθνικών επιχειρήσεων, ανεξαρτήτως πεδίου άλλων among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. δραστηριοτήτων, να «εμπλακούν» στον τομέα των Μέσων Μαζικής acquisition of knowledge starts with theκαι the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term Επικοινωνίας, είτε ωςthis αποκλειστικοί είτε ως ασκούντες 1 (and Based, therefore, on “principle” is inindicated aιδιοκτήτες, first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term urban gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 «δεσπόζουσα» επιρροή ως συνιδιοκτήτες των Μέσων, είτε, τέλος, ως gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various εμφανείς χρηματοδότες υπό άλλες μορφές.

Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, γ.ofΤο «μέγεθος» της Ιδιωτικής και της Ιδιωτικής the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.Ραδιοφωνίας However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever otherτόσον consequences has, results rising of land prices Τηλεόρασης, ως Μέσων γενικήςalso Δημοσιότητας, όσον (and και the ωςof whatever otherspeculation). consequences alsoθέμα risingείναι of land the potential relative Μέσων Δημοσίων Σχέσεων. has, Το results εν λόγω εκprices των (and πλέον potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at firstεν in theπροκειμένω UK in early 1960s and it refers to αμφιλεγομένων, διατυπωθεισών διαφόρων και The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor ετεροκλήτων απόψεων, των μεν people τασσομένων αναφανδόν υπέρ τηςof the then observed trend wealthy to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents are Δημόσιας Ραδιοφωνίας και της Δημόσιας Τηλεόρασης και old των δε υπέρ London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. ελευθέρως ιδρυομένων και άνευ κρατικών παρεμβάσεων, υπό την being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth μορφή προηγουμένων αναγκαίων αδειών λειτουργίας, A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded workΙδιωτικών of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in otherσταθmajor GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major μών Ραδιοφωνίας και Τηλεόρασης. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more Πλην των ως άνω δύο «ακραίων» θέσεων η συναφής διεθνής Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various φιλολογία περί το θέμα προσθέτει άλλους τρόπους «μετριασμού» των comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of theτης phenomenon of gentrification, «παρενεργειών» εφαρμογής της μίας the ή following: της άλλης άποψης interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new of social groups εμφανίζουσα σειρά λύσεων, ως η Δημοτική Ραδιοφωνία και η Δημοτική to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Τηλεόραση (N.2644/1998), η Ραδιοφωνία και η Τηλεόραση, η and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the ελεγχόμενη ιδιοκτησιακώς υπόRuth υφισταμένων συγκροτημένων 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town ήδη centres, search Berlin, where she madeΕκκλησία, her first studies.

In 1932 she published anπλευράς, important study entitled: σχημάτων, (π.χ. η οποία, εξ άλλης συνιστά services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for ιδιαιτέρα μορφή «έννομης τάξης»), η ελεγχόμενη υπό νομίμως lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding city planning.

In 1950 sheto became teacher in the λειτουργούντων αποκεντρωμένων και αυτοδιοικουμένων λειτουργιών to another approach, the phenomenon is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying τον Κράτους (π.χ. Πανεπιστημίων), η ελεγχόμενη υπό πληθυσμιακών ή her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realΜειονοτήτων estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: άλλης υφής κ.ά..

G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of πλαίσιο ways, in δραστηριότητας order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually δ. Το των Μέσων Μαζικής Επικοινωνίας

2521 511

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

6

ανεξαρτήτως των στόχων αξιοποίησής τους, (για σκοπούς Ειδησεογραφικούς, Διαφημιστικούς, Δημοσίων Σχέσεων κ.ά.), και το θέμα των επ’ αυτών ρυθμίσεων, εάν δηλαδή θα δεσπόζουν εν προκειμένω νομοθετικής ή διοικητικής υφής μέτρα κ.ά.. ε. Το θέμα του ελέγχου της λειτουργίας και των οικονομικών των Μέσων Μαζικής Επικοινωνίας, ελέγχου ο οποίος πρέπει να είναι

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS αντικειμενικός, διαφανής, καθολικός, άνευ εξαιρέσεων δηλαδή, Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, αδιάβλητος, λυσιτελής και περί του οποίου άλλως τε υπάρχει και

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect σχετική συνταγματική πρόνοια.

Student of the School of Architecture Στην Ελλάδα με θέματα Ραδιοφωνίας και Τηλεόρασης, πέρανofτων Technical University Crete άλλων Νομοθετικών και Διοικητικών Αρχών, ασχολούνται και δύο 1. Introductory approach:Αρχές: Defining concept Ανεξάρτητες Διοικητικές H the Εθνική Επιτροπή Τηλεπικοινωνιών 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), Greek philosopher, καιANTISTHENIS, Ταχυδρομείων the καιancient το Εθνικό Συμβούλιο Ραδιοτηλεόρασης.

ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the Μεταξύ του σημαντικού έργου των εν λόγω Αρχών συγamong other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. καταλέγονται ο έλεγχος εφαρμογής υπό τωνtheΜέσων τηςconcepts. κειμένης acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition content of Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term νομοθεσίας, εκείνης της Ευρωπαϊκής όσον και εκείνης 1 τόσον Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, Ένωσης, if (in notthe final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 Εθνικής προέλευσης, η πάταξη της πειρατίας των ερτζιανών, η(inτήρηση gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal various των ορίων ισχύος των πομπών, η ποιότητα του μεταδιδομένου Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and placement of artists, Προγράμματος, ηgalleries, ανακριβής πληροφόρηση κ.ά.thethis the operation of art restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences land prices (and theof Σημειώνεται, ότι το has, έργοresults των also εν rising λόγω ofΑρχών καθίσταται whatever otherεκ consequences has, results alsoΕλλάδος rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). δυσχερές και του γεγονότος, ότι εντός εκπέμπουν σήμα potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification found at first in the UK in early 1960s and refers to περισσότεροι των 1.500is ραδιοφωνικών σταθμών, μερικοί τωνit οποίων The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor στερούνται νομιμοποιητικών εγγράφων. the then observed trend wealthy people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof Προς αντιμετώπιση (και) αυτού του there προβλήματος η Εθνική London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Επιτροπή Τηλεπικοινωνιών και Ταχυδρομείων εξεπόνισε και being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth εφαρμόζει ειδικά πιλοτικά A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations includedπρογράμματα inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at theπροσφάτως same while similar inλειτουργίας other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major σταθερών σταθμών ελέγχου ραδιοφωνικών cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. συχνοτήτων κ.λ. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has severalεπί scholars andοίον for its more στ. Το θέμα της «έμμεσης» λογοκρισίας του καθ’ δήποτε Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various τρόπον μεταδιδομένου «υλικού» από τα Μέσα Μαζικής Επικοινωνίας, comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of theΕιδησεογραφικής phenomenon of gentrification, the following: είτε αυτό είναι υφής, είτε Διαφημιστικής, είτε interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new of social groups Δημοσίων Σχέσεων κ.ά. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money ζ. Το πρόβλημα της πηγής των πληροφοριών και της δυνατότητας and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the πρόσβασης στην όλων των 1912-1940. τυχόν ενδιαφερομένων, 1.of The termat comes fromπηγή Sociologist Ruth GLASS, Ruth GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, search Berlin, where she madeτης her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: «αποκλειομένης» επιλεκτικής παροχής αυτής της δυνατότητας services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for κατά το στον «ελέγχοντα» την lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private easier access markets, etc.Επί studies and δοκούν research Geneva,«συνιστώντα» Prague, London andήcar New York she came to back toπηγή.

London, where in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 sheto teacher in the μέρους πτυχή θέματος συνιστά και η παρεχομένη ήbecame μη δυνατότητα toτου another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying ελέγχου στοιχείων δημοσκοπήσεων, βάσει των οποίων her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: ανακοινώνονται «θέσεις» της Κοινής Γνώμης κ.λ.

G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety ways, in order to ιδιωτικής achieve theζωής “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually η. Hof προστασία της των Προσωπικοτήτων και

2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

των απλών Πολιτών, έναντι του «αδηφάγου» ενδιαφέροντος των Μέσων και των Καταναλωτών των υπηρεσιών τους να υπεισέρχονται στα «άδυτα των αδύτων» της ζωής Προσώπων, ευρισκομένων μονίμως ή προσκαίρως στο προσκήνιο της επικαιρότητας, για διαφόρους λόγους, σημαντικούς ή μη, παρά το γεγονός, ότι πολλές φορές είναι αρκετοί εκείνοι, οι οποίοι μέσω «Συμβούλων» Δημοσίων Σχέσεων Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS διαχέουν οι ίδιοι πληροφορίεςByιδιαιτέρως προσωπικής υφής, για Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, διάφορους λόγους (διαφημιστικούς κ.ά.).

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect θ. Τα προσόντα των Στελεχών τουStudent χώρουofτης Δημοσιότητας εν the School of Architecture γένει, ο τρόπος εκπαίδευσής τους, ο τρόπος Technical επιλογήςUniversity τους από τα of Crete Μέσα, οι συνθήκες εργασίας τους, ενίοτε ιδιαζόντως επικίνδυνες, -ο 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept αριθμός των δολοφονηθέντων Δημοσιογράφων σε διάφορες Χώρες 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the φαινομένου: ancient Greek ανήλθαν philosopher, είναι δηλωτικός του σε 99 κατά την τελευταία ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other heritage heτους left us, he established aεπιρροών great the επταετία, η wise «θωράκισή» έναντι πιθανών κατά την among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. άσκηση των τους, των ορίων των ρυθμίσεων των acquisition of καθηκόντων knowledge starts withπέραν theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Κωδίκων Δεοντολογίας τωνifοικείων Επαγγελματικών 1 (and urban Based,Επαγγελματικής therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) is (in area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 Ενώσεων, η σχέση τους με την Εξουσία κ.ά.. gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various Ειδικώτερον, σε σχέση με τα θέματα του Προσωπικού των Μέσων Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, Μαζικής Επικοινωνίας και ιδίως του Τύπου, βασικού οργάνου των the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever consequences resultsσημειώνεται also rising ofεδώ, landότι prices (and theof Δημοσίωνother Σχέσεων εξ άλλης has, πλευράς, η τρέχουσα whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). κατάσταση εμφανίζεται παγκοσμίως όλως ετερόκλητη. potential relative speculation).

TheΣε term gentrification is found at first the UK in earlyΈνωσης 1960s andλόγω it refers to επίπεδο πολλών Χωρών τηςin Ευρωπαϊκής του The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor μεγάλου ανταγωνισμού, ιδίως στον χώρο τουproperty Τύπου,in(ΙNTERNET, the then observed trend wealthy people to there buy poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof έκδοση εφημερίδων διανεμόμενων δωρεάν, εκδόσεις, London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes thereδικτυακές and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. μείωση εσόδων εκ διαφημίσεων κ.ά.), οι απολύσεις Στελεχών being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth (Δημοσιογράφων, Τεχνικών κ.ά.) τείνουν να λάβουν ενδημική μορφή.

A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major κατάσταση στην αντίπερα όχθη τον Ατλαντικού είναι πλέον cities inHWestern countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, issue has several scholars and for its more σύνθετη: οι the κυκλοφορίες πολλών εφημερίδων, βασικών Μέσων Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various Δημοσίων Σχέσεων, παραμένουν κατά την τελευταία πενταετία comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations phenomenon of gentrification, the following: σταθερές και of ταthe έσοδα εκ διαφημίσεων αυξάνουν, αλλά εντείνονται οι interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new of social groups απολύσεις Δημοσιογράφων. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money H συνήθης ερμηνεία του φαινομένου των απολύσεων είναι η and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the αυτή: οιsafety Μέτοχοι Εταιρειών, εισηγμένων κατάfor κανόνα 1.of The termat comes from Εκδοτικών Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS was born in sense the των distributed residencies outside town centres, better Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published anνα important study entitled: στα οικεία τοπικά Χρηματιστήρια, μη δυνάμενοι συμπιέσουν τα services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for άλλα στοιχεία κόστους, (τιμές χάρτου, αμοιβές διανεμητών, lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private car access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 she teacher του in the ασφαλιστικές εισφορές κ.ά.), επιλέγουν την οδό της to another approach, the is due tobecame a μείωσης systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying Στελεχιακού Δυναμικού, ενίοτε και προληπτικώς, πράγμα, το οποίο, εξ her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for the depreciation initially ofτων part Δημοσιογράφων, of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: άλλης πλευράς, κατά την άποψη των Ενώσεων Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a«συνεφέλκεται variety of ways, in order Abstract. to επί achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually εκπτώσεις των τομέων περιεχομένου, ποιότητας

2521 711

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

8

και αντικειμενικότητας». ι. H αντικειμενικότητα των διαχεομένων πληροφοριών, είτε πρόκειται περί ειδήσεων, είτε περί μηνυμάτων Δημοσίων Σχέσεων, είτε περί Διαφημιστικών μηνυμάτων κ.ά. ια. Οι συνθήκες του εν γένει ανταγωνισμού μεταξύ των Μέσων Μαζικής Επικοινωνίας, οι οποίες τείνουν συνεχώς να καταστούν

By Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS κυριολεκτικώς αδυσώπητες και εξοντωτικές, ιδία C. μετά την έξαρση του Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, φαινομένου της «περιφερειοποίησης» των Μέσων, ιδίως του Τύπου.

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Υπενθυμίζεται, ότι οι νέες συνθήκες λειτουργίας των Μέσων Student of the School of Architecture Μαζικής Επικοινωνίας και ιδίως εκείνες περί Τύπου, χαρακτηριζόμενες Technical University of Crete από την ένταση του ανταγωνισμού, την ψηφιοποίηση της διαδικασίας 1. Introductory Defining the concept παραγωγής, τις approach: δικτυακές εκδόσεις κ.ά., οδηγούν σε επείγουσες 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, αναζητήσεις νέων προσεγγίσεων.

ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among otherδεν wise heritage left us, he established a great the Έτσι, πρέπει να he θεωρηθεί τυχαίο το γεγονός, ότι προσφάτως among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. Επίτροπος της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης, υπεύθυνος γιαcontent τα συναφή θέματα acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term επεδίωξε, μέσω την συμμετοχή Εκδοτών εκ 1 (andενός Based, therefore, on«Brainstorming», this “principle” is inindicated aμε first, if (in not final, approach, the term urban gentrification) the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 Χωρών της Δυτικής Ευρώπης, να διατυπωθούν προτάσεις gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various αντιμετώπισης των νέων συνθηκών και προκλήσεων.

Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually low-income and the placement of artists, Επισημαίνεται, ότι τα of νέα προβλήματα είναι ενίοτεthere ιδιάζουσας the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof υφής και σύνθετα, τείνοντα να λάβουν παγκόσμια διάσταση. whatever other consequences results also rising ofπρωτοβουλία land prices (and the potential relative speculation). Ενδεικτικώς αναφέρεται εδώhas, σχετική πρόσφατη της potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification Ποδοσφαίρου is found at first in the UKηinοποία early 1960s and itνα refers to Διεθνούς Ομοσπονδίας (FIFA), επεδίωξε θέσει The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor νέους όρους για trend την κάλυψη των ποδοσφαίρου μέσωof the then observed wealthy sometimes peopleαγώνων to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents are δικτυακών εκδόσεων εφημερίδων, περιλαμβάνοντες περιορισμό του London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. αριθμού των φωτογραφιών, οι οποίες θα παρουσιάζονται σε being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth ηλεκτρονικές εκδόσεις των η in τυχόν μετάδοσή τους να A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same whileεφημερίδων, similar were in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major πραγματοποιείται δύο ώρες μετά την λήξη των αγώνων κ.ά. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Είναι αυτονόητο, ότι ενέργειες αυτής της μορφής, κατά την Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various άποψη των Εκδοτών εφημερίδων, περιορίζουν την ελεύθερη comprehensivethe approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations phenomenon gentrification, theοδηγούν following: κυκλοφορία of και διάχυση τωνof πληροφοριών, σε μειώσεις interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new of social groups κυκλοφοριών κ.ά. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money ιβ. H ευθύνη των Μέσων Μαζικής Επικοινωνίας έναντι της and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Κοινωνίας, ηatcomes οποία απασχολεί πλέον όχι μόνον μέρους Πολίτες 1.of The term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS wasbetter bornήin sense safety the distributed residencies outside townεπί centres, search for Berlin, where she madeαλλά her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: Ενώσεις Πολιτών, σχηματισμούς, όπως η Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση, επί services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for μέρους Κράτη lower living cost κ.ά.. of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.Κοινοβούλιο In 1950 sheto became teacher in the Υπενθυμίζεται εδώ, ότι το the Ευρωπαϊκό to another approach, is due a απασχοληθέν systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying προ τινός χρόνου με σχετική Έκθεση της Επιτροπής Πολιτικών και her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web,το in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Εσωτερικών Υποθέσεων, διεπίστωσε, ότι στα σημερινά Κράτη Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: wetzel/gentry.htm aδικαίωμα variety ofτης ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, (actually πληροφόρησης ενhttp://www.uncanny.net/ γένει το ασκούν“voluntary”, Κοινωνικές Ομάδες

2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

και Επιχειρήσεις από την σκοπιά συνήθως της πολιτικής τους τοποθέτησης. Οι εν λόγω Φορείς, όμως, είναι αναγκαίο να αντικατοπτρίζουν την πολυμέρεια της Κοινωνίας, προς την οποία απευθύνονται και να προάγουν ένα πραγματικό διάλογο μεταξύ Μέσων και Κοινωνίας. Παραλλήλως, ετονίσθη, ότι πρέπει να συνδυασθούν αρμονικώς η ελευθερία έκφρασης και η ελευθερία επιBy Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS χειρηματικής δράσης και να διασφαλισθεί το δικαίωμα των Πολιτών να Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, διαδίδουν ελευθέρως τις σκέψεις των. Πέραν αυτών, το Ευρωπαϊκό

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Κοινοβούλιο, υιοθέτησε προσφάτως «Έκθεση σχετικά με τα Κρατικά Student of the School of Architecture Ραδιοτηλεοπτικά Μέσα στην ψηφιακή εποχή: Technical το μέλλον του διττού University of Crete συστήματος».

1. Introductory approach: concept περιβάλλον η δωρεάν Επισημαίνεται, ότι Defining στο νέοtheψηφιακό 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC - 370 BC, δημόσια προσφορά των δικτύων αποτελεί (444 πρόβλημα για Athens), πολλά ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the εμπορικά σήματα. among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. Πέρανof αυτών, ταstarts θέματα των Μέσων the Μαζικής Επικοινωνίας acquisition knowledge with the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term ανεξαρτήτως τωνurban στόχων, τους οποίους κατά περίπτωση υπηρετούν 1 (and Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in not final, approach, the term gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (Ειδησεογραφίας, Διαφήμισης, Δημοσίων Σχέσεων κ.ά.), απησχόλησαν gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various και κατά το παρελθόν εκ νέου το Κοινοβούλιο της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, προς την κατεύθυνση θέσπισης νέωνetc. ρυθμίσεων και προσεγγίσεων, όχι the operation of art galleries, restaurants, However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences results also risingαλλά of land prices (andτων theof μόνον λόγω της σύνολης has, σημασίας τους, και λόγω whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, resultsαλλαγών also rising land prices (andκαι the potential relative παρατηρούμενων συναφών ραγδαίων σεofεθνικό, διεθνές potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to παγκόσμιο επίπεδο.

The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property poor Σχετικώς αναφέρεται Ειδική του ininΕυρωπαϊκού the then observed trend wealthy people Έκθεση to there buy property poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof Κοινοβουλίου στην οποία, πέραν σειράς καταγραφόμενων σημαντικών London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. διαπιστώσεων, π.χ. η is διαπίστωση, ότι ofταSociologist τηλεοπτικά being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of (όπως this phenomenon included in the work Ruth προγράμματα, περιλαμβάνοντα, ως εκ της inwere φύσεως A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included the recorded workτου of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar inπράγματος, other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major εμφανή ή αφανή μηνύματα Δημοσίων Σχέσεων κ.λ., τα οποία cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Since then, the issue has several scholars and for έως its more εισάγονται από τις Η.Π.Α. στην Researchers. Ε.Ε. ανέρχονται σε ποσοστό και Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various 70% των μεταδιδόμενων προγραμμάτων, ενώ τα τηλεοπτικά comprehensivethe approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations phenomenon of gentrification, theεισάγονται following: προγράμματαofευρωπαϊκής προέλευσης τα οποία στις Η.Π.Α. interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new of social groups μετά βίας ανέρχονται σε ποσοστό 1% του μεταδιδόμενου στις Η.Π.Α. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money τηλεοπτικού υλικού κ.ά.), διατυπώνονται και κρίσιμες επισημάνσεις, and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the όπως: 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin,- where she made her first studies.

In 1932 she published an important study entitled: Είναι αναγκαία μία νέα πολιτική «επιθετικού χαρακτήρα» από services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for πλευράς Ένωσης προς την κατεύθυνση της εξασφάλισης lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private easier access to markets, etc.where studies andΕυρωπαϊκής research Geneva, Prague, London and car New York she came back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 she teacher in the της βιωσιμότητας τηςapproach, ευρωπαϊκής βιομηχανίας οπτικοακουστικών to another the is due tobecame a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying μέσων και υλικού, δεδομένου τον γεγονότος, ότι ο εν γένει κύκλος her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: εργασιών του τομέα των Μέσων Μαζικής Επικοινωνίας υπερβαίνει Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aκατ’ variety inτων order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, έτοςofτοways, ποσό 400.000.000.000 ΕΥΡΩ εντός της Ε.Ε. (actually

2521 911

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

- Είναι αναγκαία η εξασφάλιση και η διατήρηση της πολυμορφίας

10

των διαφόρων πολιτισμικών παραδόσεων και των επί μέρους εθνικών γλωσσών εντός της Ε.Ε., πράγμα το οποίο πρέπει να υποστηριχθεί και μέσω Προγραμμάτων Προβολής.

- Είναι αναγκαία η εφαρμογή πολιτικών στήριξης της δυνατότητας ανταγωνισμού της βιομηχανίας οπτικοακουστικών μέσων

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS και υλικού ως παράγοντος οικονομικής ανάπτυξης, αλλά εξ ίσου Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, αναγκαία εμφανίζεται η δι’ αυτής αναπαραγωγή της πολιτιστικής

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect ταυτότητας της Ευρωπαϊκής Ηπείρου, η οποία φαλκιδεύεται Student of the School of Architecture ποικιλοτρόπως εκ πολλών πλευρών και ιδίως από πλευράς Η.Π.Α., και Technical University of Crete μέσω Προγραμμάτων Δημοσίων Σχέσεων, (π.χ. Ιδρυμάτων χορήγησης 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept υποτροφιών σε νέους Επιστήμονες κ.ά.).

1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, - Είναι αναγκαία η ρύθμιση των θεμάτων των μεταδιδόμενων ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the διαφημίσεων, οι οποίες συνιστούν αληθή και ουσιαστικό αιμοδότη των among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. Μέσων Μαζικής Επικοινωνίας, ιδίως εκείνων of ιδιωτικής ιδιοκτησίας και acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term εντός τουtherefore, χώρου της Ε.Ε.“principle” Επισημαίνεται προκειμένω, ότι the ενίοτε 1 (and urban Based, on this inindicated a first,εν if (in not final, approach, term gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 πληροφορίες εκ του χώρου των Δημοσίων Σχέσεων δημοσιοποιούνται gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various ευρέως ή μη υπό των Μέσων (και) αναλόγως των διαφημιστικών Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, δαπανών, εκείνων στους οποίους αναφέρονται. the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other αναγκαία consequencesη has, results also rising of land prices (and theof - Είναι επανεξέταση προς ρεαλιστικώτερες whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). προσεγγίσεις του θέματος των δικαιωμάτων πνευματικής ιδιοκτησίας potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found first in της the UK in early 1960s and it refersεν to των διαφόρων Δημιουργών, η at πάταξη πειρατίας πάσης μορφής The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor γένει κ.ά. observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of the then London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are Πέραν του Κοινοβουλίου και ηsometimes Επιτροπήthere της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης London, upgrade them, stay themselves and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. υπέβαλε προ τινός στο Συμβούλιο κείμενο Οδηγίας για την «Τηλεόραση being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth χωρίς σύνορα», εντός 25 similar Χωρών Μελώνinwere της μεother βάση και A description ofperiod, this των phenomenon is situations included theΈνωσης, work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while recorded in major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major σχετικές υποδείξεις του by Ευρωπαϊκού Κοινοβουλίου. cities in Western countries, other Researchers. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Υπενθυμίζεται, ότι τοpreoccupied τελευταίο εκφράζει κατ’ αυτάς ουσιώδεις Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various ενστάσεις για την συνεχιζόμενη υπερσυγκέντρωση Μέσων Μαζικής comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations the phenomenon gentrification, the following: Επικοινωνίαςof από άτομα ή ofεπιχειρηματικούς Ομίλους, επιθυμεί interpretations of the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups βελτίωση των όρων isπροώθησης ευρωπαϊκών τηλεοπτικών to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money συμπαραγωγών κ.ά. and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Αναλυτικώς: The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.of safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin,Το where she made her first studies. Inζήτησε 1932 sheαπό published an important study entitled: Ευρωπαϊκό Κοινοβούλιο την Επιτροπή την λήψη services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for μέτρων σεresearch διάφορους τομείς, όπως: lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the H she προαγωγή τηςapproach, ευρωπαϊκής οπτικοακουστικής βιομηχανίας, η to another the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying ενίσχυση Ανεξάρτητων Ευρωπαίων Παραγωγών κ.ά. her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: H ενίσχυση του Προγράμματος της2009. Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης MED1A Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aγια variety in order toπαραγωγής achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually τηνof ways, στήριξη της Abstract. και διανομής τηλεοπτικών

2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

προγραμμάτων ευρωπαϊκής προέλευσης, προκειμένου οι Παραγωγοί τους να αντιμετωπίσουν ευχερώς τον εισαγόμενο από τις Η.Π.Α. ανταγωνισμό. Επειδή η οπτικοακουστική βιομηχανία υπό καθεστώς πλουραλισμού συνιστά αφ’ ενός παράγοντα οικονομικής ανάπτυξης, λόγω των δημιουργούμενων θέσεων απασχόλησης και αφ’ ετέρου

By Mr.και George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS παράγοντα πολιτιστικής ανέλιξης εμπέδωσης δημοκρατικών Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, θεσμών, πρέπει να ενισχυθεί στο μεγαλύτερο εφικτό επίπεδο.

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect H επιδίωξη δημιουργίας συνθηκών συγκρότησης τόσον ενός Student of the School of Architecture ανεξάρτητου δημόσιου οπτικοακουστικού τομέα, όσον και ofενός Technical University Crete ιδιωτικού εμπορικού τομέα, εξασφαλιζόμενης με παρεμβάσεις 1. Introductory approach: Defining concept ρυθμιστικού χαρακτήρα της μεταξύthe των ισορροπίας.

1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek των philosopher, H εξασφάλιση της ποιότητας προγραμμάτων.

ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the Oother διαχωρισμός κυρίως προγράμματος, διαφημιστικών among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. μηνυμάτων μηνυμάτων Δημοσίων Σχέσεων. the content of concepts. acquisition ofκαι knowledge starts with theindefinition Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term H υπαγωγή των νέων μορφώνisinΤηλεόρασης μέσω δικτύων ADSL, 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) indicated area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 INTERNET και μεταφερόμενων τηλεφώνων, στους αυτούς κανόνες gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various λειτουργίας με την «παραδοσιακή» Τηλεόραση.

Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), social groups, of low-income and thethis placement there of κατά artists, Hofενίσχυση των usually Πολιτικών των μέρους Κρατών Μελών the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.επί However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences results also rising of landαπό prices (and the της συγκέντρωσης Μέσωνhas, Μαζικής Επικοινωνίας Άτομα ήof whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential speculation). Ομίλους,relative δεδομένου, ότι αυτή συνιστά απειλή για τους δημοκρατικούς potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in theτην UK καταχρηστική in early 1960s andμετάδοση it refers to θεσμούς, την πολιτιστική πολυφωνία, The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refers to the then observed trend of to buy property in poor μηνυμάτων των Δημοσίων Σχέσεωνpeople κ.ά. to buy property in poor areasofof the then observed trend wealthy London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are ιγ. upgrade Το θέμα τηςstayοικονομικής ενίσχυσης Μέσων Μαζικής London, them, themselves sometimes thereτων and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Επικοινωνίας παρά του Κράτους, είτε ευθέως, είτε εμμέσως με την being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth μορφή παροχής υπηρεσιών στα isΜέσα από Κρατικές Υπηρεσίες ή A description ofperiod, this phenomenon included inwere the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar situations recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Δημόσιες Επιχειρήσεις, μεother εκπτώσεις επί των ισχυόντων για άλλους cities in Western countries, by Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several and forγια its more χρήστες τιμολογίων κ.ά., ανεξαρτήτως τωνscholars ρυθμίσεων την Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various δημοσίευση ή μετάδοση διαφημίσεων, σημαντικότατης πηγής εσόδων comprehensivethe approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of gentrification, following: για όλα τα of Μέσαphenomenon Μαζικής Επικοινωνίας, ηtheοποία (δημοσίευση ή interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense,ρυθμίζεται theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups μετάδοση) (συνήθως...) υπό Κωδίκων Δεοντολογίας. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Σε σχέση με την οικονομική κατάσταση των Μέσων Μαζικής and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Επικοινωνίας αναφέρονται εδώRuth όλως ενδεικτικώς μερικά πρόσφατα 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, search for Berlin, where she made her first studies. Inεπιχειρήσεις 1932 she published anΧώρες importantΜέλη study entitled: στοιχεία για τις τηλεοπτικές σε της services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Ευρωπαϊκής αυτά καταγράφονται στην έκδοση lower living cost Ένωσης, of, in “withdrawal” from private car access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva,όπως Prague, London and Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 sheτου published studies regarding city planning.

In 1950 she teacher in the Yearbook έτους του Ευρωπαϊκού Οπτικοακουστικού toπαρελθόντος another approach, the phenomenon is due tobecame a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying Παρατηρητηρίου: her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part the urban web, in 10th edit.

COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: - ΤαWil. έσοδα των τηλεοπτικών επιχειρήσεων τωνof Χωρών Μελών Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aέχουν variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, αυξηθεί κατά την τελευταία πενταετία, παρά“voluntary”, τις περί του(actually 252111 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

12

Byσε Mr.ποσοστό George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS αντιθέτου δυσοίωνες προβλέψεις 4,4% εν σχέσει με την Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, προηγουμένη πενταετία..

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect - Ποσοστό 90% των συνολικών εσόδων της τηλεοπτικής Student of the School of Architecture βιομηχανίας των Χωρών Μελών της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης προέρχεται Technical University of Crete από ανταποδοτικά τέλη, διαφημίσεις και συνδρομές. Το υπόλοιπο 1. Introductory Defining the concept ποσοστό εσόδωνapproach: 10% συγκροτούν έσοδα εκ πωλήσεων τηλεοπτικών 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, προγραμμάτων, μισθώσεις εξοπλισμού κ.ά.

ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among wise ανάπτυξης heritage he της left us,γένει he established a great the - other O ρυθμός εν τηλεοπτικής αγοράς εντός των among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. Χωρών Μελών της starts Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσηςtheείναι ανομοιογενής, acquisition of knowledge with theindefinition content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term προηγουμένης προκειμένω της ενώ ενof Planning) σχέσει με 1 (andεν Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a Γαλλίας, first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term urban gentrification) is area (or gentrification 1 πραγματοποιηθέντα κατά διάφορες χρονικές περιόδους έσοδα gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various προηγείται η Μεγάλη Βρεταννία και ακολουθούν η Γερμανία, η Ιταλία, Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, ηways), Ισπανία κ.ά. the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever otherόλων consequences also rising of land prices (and και theof Πέραν αυτών has, για results την διαμόρφωση πληρέστερης whatever otherspeculation). consequences has,θέματος results also of land αξιολόγησης, prices (and the potential relative ευκρινέστερης εικόνας επί του τηςrising συλλογής, potential relative speculation).

The termδωρεάν gentrification at first in the UKεν in early 1960s andαναγκαία it refers to διάχυσης ή μηis found των πληροφοριών γένει, είναι The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor ενδεικτική αναφορά στο INTERNET. the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof Όπως είναι γνωστόν, το INTERNET έχειand δημιουργηθεί στις London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες της Βόρειας Αμερικής περί τα τέλη του έτους 1960 being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth υπόAEρευνητών, οιperiod, οποίοι ανεζήτουν τρόπους σύνδεσης description of this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work ofηλεκτρονικών Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major υπολογιστών εγκατεστημένων σε διάφορες πόλεις, κυρίως των cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

Since then, the issue με has preoccupied scholars and for its more Ηνωμένων Πολιτειών, προέχοντα τονseveral «ακαδημαϊκό» χαρακτήρα του Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various πράγματος. comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations the phenomenon gentrification, thebelow, following: Η χρήσηofτου συστήματοςof λόγω των πολλαπλών δυνατοτήτων, interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new of των socialαρχών groups εφαρμογών και πλεονεκτημάτων του έχει γενικευθεί από to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money του έτους 1990 και είναι σήμερα δυνατή η πρόσβαση σ’ αυτό από and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the περισσότερες τωνdistributed 150 Χωρών, οι 1912-1940. χρήστες τουsearch συστήματος 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruthενώ GLASS, Ruth GLASS wasbetter born in sense safety the residencies outside town centres, for Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: ανέρχονται πλέον σε δισεκατομμύρια, παρά το θρυλούμενο, ότι services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for αποτελεί μηχανή (non trivial machine). lower living costμη of,προβλέψιμη “withdrawal” from private easier access markets, etc.where studies andμία research in Geneva, Prague, London and car New York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies cityphenomenon planning.

1950 sheto became teacher in the Τέλος, εκφράζεται ηregarding ευχή όπως, ούτως In εχόντων των πραγμάτων, to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying τα Μέσα Μαζικής Επικοινωνίας αποτελούσαν εφεξής «συνεκτικό» her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCo depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.των Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

The Free Encyclopedia: κρίκο Ανθρωπίνων Κοινωνιών εν WIKIPEDIA: πνεύματι Δημοκρατίας, Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aκατανόησης variety of ways, in order Abstract. toσυνύπαρξης. achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually και ειρηνικής

2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, To Πανεπιστήμιο ΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ, Πάφος, κοιτίδα Παιδείας,Types Επιστήμης και Πολιτισμού Definition, of intervention, Concerns of Gentrification Concerns Του κ. Μιχαήλ ΛΕΠΤΟΥ

Ιδρυτού και Προέδρου του Συμβουλίου του Πανεπιστημίου ΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ, Πάφος

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Με μεγάλη χαρά εγκαινιάζω σήμερα την έκθεση C. ενός Καλλιτέχνη, που με

By Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect το έργο του τιμά την κυπριακή τέχνη και τη γενέτειρά Σε μία εποχή, που η Student ofτου. the School of Architecture Πάφος ευρίσκετο ακόμη στο οικονομικό και πολιτιστικό περιθώριο, επέλεξε να Technical University of Crete

μείνει εδώ, να δημιουργεί εδώ και κατόρθωσε, ξεπερνώντας τα εμπόδια της εντοπιότητας, να διαγράψει λαμπρήthe πορεία. Η δύναμη του ταλέντου του, οι 1. Introductory approach:μία Defining concept 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept εικαστικές του αναζητήσεις, οι προβληματισμοί πρωτοποριακές ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher,του (444και BC οι - 370 BC, Athens), 1. επιλογές του, τον έφεραν στις κορυφές της κυπριακής τέχνης ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the Η Πάφος και ο κόσμος της, η ιστορία και η παράδοσή της, έχουν κυρίαρχη among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. παρουσία στο του. Οstarts Ανδρέας μετουσίωσε τέχνη την acquisition of έργο knowledge with ΧΑΡΑΛΑΜΠΙΔΗΣ theindefinition the content ofσε concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term παφιακή μυθολογία, που την ψηλαφείς συνεχώς πίνακές του.the Έγινε 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first,μέσα if (in notστους final, approach, term gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 ραψωδός, που αντικατέστησε τη λύρα με το χρωστήρα και τις λέξεις με τα gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various χρώματα. Ο ΚΙΝΥΡΑΣ και οι ΚΙΝΥΡΑΔΕΣ, ο ΠΥΓΜΑΛΙΩΝΑΣ και η ΓΑΛΑΤΕΙΑ, Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, μυστικιστικές τελετές καιusually η λατρεία της ΑΦΡΟΔΙΤΗΣ διατρέχουν τοthere έργο του, ως ways), of social groups, of low-income and the placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of μία στην μετά το ταξίδι τους μέσα στην παγκόσμια τέχνη και τηof theεπιστροφή operation of art Πάφο, galleries, restaurants, etc.also However “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results risingthis of land prices (and the λογοτεχνία. whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative Είναι δύσκολο να μιλά ένας μη ειδικός για το έργο του. Μιλούν όμως τα potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to έργαThe τουterm σε μας. Όλοι οι πίνακές του στήνουν έναinδιάλογο με το Σεto gentrification found at first in the UK early 1960s andθεατή. itareas refers the then observed trend ofiswealthy people to buy property in poor of κυριαρχούν και συνομιλούν μαζί σου. Στέκεσαι πάντα γοητευμένος μπροστά the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof τους. Είναιupgrade αφετηρία για stay διάλογο και ένα sometimes ταξίδι στο μύθο London, them, themselves thereκαι andστην thus ιστορία. old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Η Πάφος είναι εφέτος Πολιτιστική Πρωτεύουσα της Ευρώπης. Αυτό being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth συνιστά μια μεγάληofτιμή την πόλη μας. Το Πανεπιστήμιό μας, συμμετέχοντας A description this για phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar in other major στις πολιτιστικές εκδηλώσεις, αποφάσισε να παρουσιάσει τοin έργο των GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. εικαστικών καλλιτεχνών της πρώτης γενιάς της Ανεξαρτησίας. Κορυφαίος cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for more ανάμεσα σ’ αυτούς ο Ανδρέας ΧΑΡΑΛΑΜΠΙΔΗΣ. Προηγήθηκε ο its Γιώργος Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from various ΚΟΤΣΩΝΗΣ. Τους approach τιμούμε και τιμούνsummarized το Πανεπιστήμιό μας. comprehensive are being from ΟtheΑνδρέας various interpretations of έχει the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: ΧΑΡΑΛΑΜΠΙΔΗΣ μια στενή σχέση με το Πανεπιστήμιο, συμμετέχοντας και interpretations of the phenomenon of thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is dueστόχων togentrification, a trend a new of social groups συμβάλλοντας στην επιτυχία των καιofτων σκοπών του, ως κοιτίδας to “return” to the city,και leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Παιδείας, Επιστήμης Πολιτισμού. and timeΈχω to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the τη χαρά να τον έχω φίλο από τα χρόνια που εγκαταστάθηκα στην 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Πάφο. Έζησα τα χρόνια της μπουάτ όταν μαζί με την ΑΘΗΝΑ έδιναν χρώμα στη Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of entertainment “at the heart the city”, (possibly) ζωή μας. Η health, μπουάτeducation, ήταν στο κόσμο, μιαof όαση στηνmovements έρημο τηςfor Youth Unemployment.

The τότε sameένα yearπαράθυρο she left Germany and after continuous lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, studies and researchΚαι in Geneva, Prague, London New York she came back to London, where καθημερινότητας. μία επικοινωνία καιand συζήτηση μαζί τους ήταν μιαetc. νότα in According 1943 she studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 she teacher in the to another approach, the is due tobecame a systematic and αλλαγής, μίαpublished νότα ποιότητας, μία μέθεξη ενίοτε σε κόσμους ονειρικούς.

University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 1 Προσλαλιά κατά τα εγκαίνια Έκθεσης Ζωγραφικής του Κυπρίου Ζωγράφου κ.

G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Ανδρέα ΧΑΡΑΛΑΜΠΙΔΗ, Πανεπιστήμιο ΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ, Πάφος, Μάΐος 2017.

252113 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, Types ofΚαθηγητής intervention, Concerns of Professor Const.

GE. Gentrification Κωνστ. ΓΕ.

ATHANASOPOULOS ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ Concerns Μετ. Προγρ. Σπ. Νομικ. Σχ.

Postgrad. Progr. Law Sch.

Πανεπ. «Νεάπολις», Πάφος Μετ. Προγρ. Σπ. Πανεπ. Αθηνών

By Mr. George-Sp. Μετ. Προγρ. C. Σπ.ATHANASOPOULOS Παντείου Πανεπ. Κοιν. και Πολ. Επιστημών Postgrad. Progr. Univ. of Athens, Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Δικηγόρος, C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Lawyer,By Mr. George-Sp. Architect Ex Ch.L.U.L., Ex Ch.L.U.L., Bruxelles, Student of Bruxelles, the School of Architecture Ex Int. I.I.A.P., Paris Ex Int. I.I.A.P., Paris Technical University of Crete

of “Neapolis” Univ., Pafos Postgrad. Progr. Panteion University

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of whatever other consequences New has, results also rising of land prices (and the Νέα whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). έκδοση potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Αθήναι, 2014 Athens, 2014 lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private easier access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car New York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW

14

ΔΙΟΙΚΗΤΙΚΟ ΔΙΚΑΙΟ

2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification ΠΑΓΚΥΠΡΙΟΣ ΣΥΝΔΕΣΜΟΣ ΕΠΙΧΕΙΡΗΜΑΤΙΩΝ Concerns ΑΝΑΠΤΥΞΗΣ ΓΗΣ ΚΑΙ ΟΙΚΟΔΟΜΩΝ

ΟΜΙΛΙΑ ΤΟΥ ΠΡΟΕΔΡΟΥ ΤΟΥ ΣΥΝΔΕΣΜΟΥ, κ. ΠΑΝΤΕΛΗ ΛΕΠΤΟΥ

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS

University, School του of Design, Student, Κατά τηνHarvard Ετήσια ΓενικήGraduate Συνέλευσή

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Ξενοδοχείο Χίλτον - Λευκωσία, 23 ofΜαΐου 2017 Student the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

Εξοχότατε κύριε Πρόεδρε της Κυπριακής Δημοκρατίας, 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Your Excellencies, 1.

Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, theΠροέδροι, ancientDefining Greek philosopher, Αξιότιμοι κύριοι Βουλευτές και Εκπρόσωποι Κομμάτων, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), amongΕκλεκτοί other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the προσκεκλημένοι, among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. Φίλες και Φίλοι Εκπρόσωποι των Μέσων Μαζικής Ενημέρωσης, acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Κυρίες Κύριοι, 1και Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various Εκ μέρους του Διοικητικού Συμβουλίου και των μελών του Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, Παγκύπριου Συνδέσμου Επιχειρηματιών Ανάπτυξης Γης καιthere Οικοδομών, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of σας καλωσορίζω στην Ετήσια Γενική Συνέλευση του Συνδέσμου μας. the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences results also rising of τη land prices (and the Η παρουσία σας, μας τιμάhas, ιδιαίτερα. Αναδεικνύει σημαντικότητα potential relative potential relative speculation). τουThe τομέα γηςisκαι ευρύτερα βιομηχανίας termανάπτυξης gentrification found at first inτης theκατασκευαστικής UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found μια atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refers στην κυπριακή οικονομία. Είναι αναγνώριση του ουσιαστικού ρόλου the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor ofto the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are και έργου του Συνδέσμου μας στην κοινή προσπάθεια για ανάπτυξη καιof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. ευημερία. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon included in the work of Sociologist Ο Παγκύπριος Σύνδεσμος isΕπιχειρηματιών Ανάπτυξης Γης Ruth και A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major Οικοδομών, μέλος της Ομοσπονδίας Εργοδοτών και Βιομηχάνων και της GLASS at the same period, situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, bywhile othersimilar Researchers. Διεθνούς Ομοσπονδίας Κτηματικών Επαγγελμάτων, FIABCI, συμπληρώνει cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

Since theδημιουργικής issue has preoccupied scholars and for its more φέτος 34then, χρόνια πορείας. several Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from Όλα ξεκίνησαν το 1983 απόsummarized μια μικρή below, ομάδαfrom πρωτοπόρων comprehensive approach are being the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: επιχειρηματιών που κοίταξαν μπροστά. Σήμερα περιλαμβάνει πέρα από interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups ογδόντα επιχειρήσεις ανάπτυξης ακινήτων, που εκπροσωπούν το 80% της to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money συνολικής του κλάδου. and time to δραστηριότητας travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Ο Σύνδεσμός μας, αποτελεί πλέον δυναμικό τουin 1.

The term comes from Sociologist Ruthτον GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth εκφραστή GLASS for wasbetter born sense of safety at the distributed residencies outside town centres, search Berlin, where she made her first studies.

In 1932 she published an important study entitled: τομέα ανάπτυξης γης και κατασκευών Κύπρο. Ταthe μέλη μας, πέραν services of health, education, entertainmentστην “at the heart of city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for της εμπειρίας και τεχνογνωσίας, τα χαρακτηρίζουν ο επαγγελματισμός και lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 sheto became teacher the to another approach, the is due a Γι΄ systematic and ηin According υπευθυνότητα. Αυτές είναι αξίες αδιαπραγμάτευτες. αυτό in και University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying θέτουμε αυστηρά κριτήρια στις επιχειρήσεις που θέλουν να γίνουν ή να her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in παραμείνουν μέλη etc., μας.for Γιατί πολύ απλά η εικόνα του Συνδέσμου 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aαντανακλά variety of την ways, in order to achieve (actually εικόνα τωνAbstract. μελών του.the “assisted”, “voluntary”,

252115 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

16

Κύριε Πρόεδρε, Κυρίες και Κύριοι, Ο τομέας των ακινήτων, διαχρονικά αποτέλεσε έναν από τους βασικότερους συντελεστές ανάπτυξης της κυπριακής οικονομίας. Με ουσιαστική συμβολή σε σημαντικούς τομείς:  προσέλκυση ξένων επενδύσεων και τόνωση της ευρύτερης

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS οικονομικής δραστηριότητας Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS  δημιουργία θέσεων εργασίας, Architect Student of the School Architecture  κάλυψη των στεγαστικών αναγκών και συμβολή στηνofκοινωνική Technical University of Crete πρόοδο  ενίσχυση των συναλλαγματικών αποθεμάτων 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept  αύξηση του τουρισμού με τη δημιουργία παραθερισμού, ο 1. Introductory approach: the concept μόνιμου ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), οποίος δεν εξαρτάται από την εποχικότητα.

ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the Αναμφίβολα, η οικονομική κρίση των τελευταίων χρόνων και among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. ειδικότερα ταknowledge γεγονότα του Μαρτίου του 2013, είχαν σοβαρή επίδραση acquisition of starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term και στον τομέα ανάπτυξης γης. urban gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Μάλιστα ναasσημειώσω ότιof ηa city κρίση χώρο μας είχε το Sociology as well), the “refining” area,στο the removal from this,αρχίσει (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social of low-income the placement there of artists, 2008-2009, σεgroups, βαθμόusually που είχε οδηγήσει and αρκετούς να πιστεύουν ότι η ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of αποδυνάμωση ή πτώση αυτού του τόσο σημαντικού για την κυπριακή the operation ofconsequences art restaurants, etc.also However regardless whatever other has, results risingthis of “change”, land prices (and theof οικονομία τομέα, θαgalleries, ήταν οριστική. whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential Τηνrelative ώρα, όμως, που στην κυπριακή κοινωνία επικρατούσε κλίμα potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found first in the UK inοearly 1960s andακινήτων, it refers to ανασφάλειας, αβεβαιότητας καιatαπαισιοδοξίας, κλάδος των The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor έμπαινε στην πρώτη γραμμήwealthy της μάχης γιαtoτην ανάκαμψη. Μεpoor αιχμή τουof the then observed trend people buy property in areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are δόρατος τη δημιουργική εξωστρέφεια –πουthere πάντα χαρακτήριζε London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes and thus old residentsτις are being indirectly “squeezed”. επιχειρήσεις του τομέα,– απέδειξε την ανθεκτικότητα και το δυναμισμό being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth του.AΒρήκε Διέψευσε να recorded τον υποτιμήσουν και description ofperiod, this phenomenon isβιάστηκαν included inwere the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at theλύσεις. same whileόσους similar situations in other major ανέδειξε τις προοπτικές και τις μεγάλες δυνατότητές του, συμβάλλοντας GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. ουσιαστικά στην προσπάθεια ανάταξης της οικονομίας καιand τηςfor κοινωνίας.

Since then, the issue has several scholars its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more Άλλωστε διαχρονικά, και ειδικά μετά την τουρκική εισβολή o comprehensive approach are being summarized below, fromτου the 1974, various comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various τομέας ανάπτυξης και οικοδομών είναι στυλοβάτης της ανάπτυξης και interpretations of theγης phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: της συνοχής.

Inκοινωνικής a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Κύριε Πρόεδρε, The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.of safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Κυρίες και Κύριοι, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, entertainment “at the heart the city”,movements (possibly) καιeducation, πλέον χρόνια μετά γεγονότα τουof Μάρτιου του 2013,for YouthΤέσσερα Unemployment.

The same year she left τα Germany and after continuous lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where andόχι research Geneva, Prague, and New York she cameεμφανίζει back to London, οstudies κλάδος, μόνοinκατόρθωσε ναLondon σταθεροποιηθεί, αλλά ισχυρά in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and σημεία ουσιαστικής ανάκαμψης. Σημεία τα οποία, όλο και University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Herπερισσότεροι public and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying her work are characterized by aφορείς passion for justice. See also:και COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. οικονομικοί αναλυτές και αναγνωρίζουν επιβεβαιώνουν. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Όλοι οι σημαντικοί δείκτες που παρακολουθούν και αποτυπώνουν G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually την πορεία του τομέα ανάπτυξης γης και οικοδομών, επιβεβαιώνουν τη

2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

θετική προοπτική και τη συμβολή στην ανοδική πορεία της οικονομίας και στη δημιουργία θέσεων εργασίας.  Σύμφωνα με τα επίσημα στοιχεία του Τμήματος Κτηματολογίου, οι πωλήσεις ακινήτων μέχρι τον Απρίλιο κατέγραψαν αύξηση που φτάνει το 7% έναντι του αντίστοιχου περσινού και το 54% έναντι του πρώτου τετράμηνου του 2013. Αξίζει επίσης να σημειωθεί ότι οι πωλήσεις του Απριλίου του 2017 είναι περισσότερες τις αντίστοιχες του Απριλίου

By Mr. από George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS του 2012 κατά 10%. Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS  Ειδική αναφορά πιστεύουμε πρέπει να γίνει στον αριθμό των Architect Student of the School of Architecture πωλήσεων σε ξένους αγοραστές, οι οποίες σε οικονομικούς όρους είναι University ακόμη πιο σημαντικές. Αρκεί να ληφθεί υπόψηTechnical ότι πρόκειται γιαof Crete νέα χρήματα που εισρέουν στην κυπριακή οικονομία, ενώ συνήθως αφορούν 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept πιοANTISTHENIS, ακίνητα. Παρόλα αυτά στοιχεία του 1.ακριβά Introductory approach: the σύμφωνα concept (444μεBCτα the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, - 370 BC, Athens), κτηματολογίου τοheritage 2016 πουλήθηκαν μόλις 1,833 ακίνητα αλλοδαπούς.

ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -σε 370 BC, Athens), among other wise he left us, he established a great “principle”: the Ένα πολύ χαμηλό νούμερο το οποίο από μόνο του αποδεικνύει among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. το τεράστιο περιθώριο ανάπτυξης τουthe κλάδου. acquisition of knowledge starts with the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in not final, approach, the και term  Τη δυναμική επαναδραστηριοποίηση του τομέα επιβεβαιώνουν gentrification) the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification τα στοιχεία της στατιστικής υπηρεσίας γιαthe τιςremoval άδειεςfrom οικοδομής και το Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, this, (in various Sociology as well), asστις the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (inartists, various ways), ofπαραγωγής social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of δείκτη κατασκευές τους δυο πρώτους μήνες του 2017. ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operationσημαντική of art galleries, restaurants, etc.μελλοντική However thisδραστηριότητα “change”, regardless of Συνιστούν ένδειξη για τη στον the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof κατασκευαστικό κλάδο. whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative Σύμφωνα με τα στοιχεία, κατά την περίοδο Ιανουαρίου – potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found909 at first in theοικοδομής UK in earlyσε1960s and it refers to Φεβρουαρίου 2017 εκδόθηκαν άδειες σύγκριση με 794 The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor την περίοδο του wealthy προηγούμενου αύξηση theαντίστοιχη then observed trend people έτους, to there buyπαρουσιάζοντας property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof 15%. Ο αριθμός των οικιστικών μονάδων παρουσίασε αύξηση 6,6%, ενώ are ο London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents being indirectly “squeezed”. δείκτης παραγωγής στις κατασκευές, αυξήθηκε το τέταρτο τρίμηνο του being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth 2016 κατά 17,9% του τέταρτου τριμήνου του 2015.of Sociologist A description ofέναντι this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar in other major  Τέλος, ακόμη πιο εντυπωσιακές είναι οι επιδόσεις του τομέα στο GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, byΕνώ otherτοResearchers. επίπεδο της απασχόλησης. σύνολο των εργαζομένων Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and στην for itsΚύπρο more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and forήταν its more το τέταρτο τρίμηνο του 2016 ήταν 374.651, έναντι 361.433 το comprehensive approach are being summarized below, fromπου the various comprehensive approach being summarized from the various αντίστοιχο τρίμηνο του are 2015, παρουσιάζοντας αύξηση 3,5%, οι interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: interpretations of the phenomenon of thecategory following: εργαζόμενοι στον τομέα των κατασκευών το ίδιο διάστημα In a sense, the phenomenon is due togentrification, a trend ofαυξήθηκαν a new of social groups to “return”κατά to the20%, city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: costs inείναι money περίπου από 26.580 σε 31.751. Ακόμη πιοhigh μεγάλη η and time toτης travelαπασχόλησης from the purlieusστην to downtown, where«διαχείριση work place is, lack of the αύξηση κατηγορία ακίνητης 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed outside town centres, περιουσίας», ξεπερνώντας το residencies 60%.

Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) και Φίλοι, YouthΦίλες Unemployment.

The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, London and car Neweasier York όσα she came back to London, Είναι σημαντικό ναPrague, αξιολογήσουμε τα πετύχαμε και να in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and αναγνωρίσουμε όλους όσους συνέβαλαν σ’her αυτή την κοινή Her προσπάθεια.

University informal College of London, where she continued social research. public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH Χωρίς αμφιβολία, εκεί πουforπετύχαμε περισσότερα ήταν DICTIONARY. εκεί που and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: είχαμε την στήριξη του κράτους. Εκεί που πετύχαμε μια παραγωγική G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

252117 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

18

συνεργασία δημόσιου και ιδιωτικού τομέα, επιδεικνύοντας δημιουργικότητα και ευελιξία. Η μονιμοποίηση των πολεοδομικών κινήτρων, η μείωση των μεταβιβαστικών τελών και η απαλλαγή από την υποχρέωση καταβολής φόρου κεφαλαιουχικών κερδών που προκύπτουν από πώληση ακινήτου, αποτελούν σημαντικές πρωτοβουλίες που βοήθησαν στην αύξηση του ενδιαφέροντος και των πράξεων, τόσο ξένους όσο και από εγχώριους

By Mr.από George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS αγοραστές και έχουν δώσει πρόσθετη δυναμική.

Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By σχεδίου Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Ταυτόχρονα, η βελτίωση του για απόκτηση υπηκοότητας Architect Student of the School of Architecture και οι συνεχείς βελτιώσεις των κριτηρίων για παραχώρηση άδειας μόνιμης Technical University of Crete παραμονής μέσω επένδυσης, αύξησαν σημαντικά το ενδιαφέρον και τις πράξεις από ξένους αγοραστές. Το ακίνητο στην Κύπρο προωθείται σαν 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept έναANTISTHENIS, προϊόν που συγκεντρώνει σημαντικό 1. ελκυστικό Introductory επενδυτικό approach: the concept the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ενδιαφέρον αγορές του ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among otherαπό wiseμεγάλες heritage he left us, εξωτερικού. he established(444 a great the Επιπρόσθετα, σημαντικές αποφάσεις που συμβάλλουν among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts.στην ανάκαμψη τηςknowledge αγοράς και στην προσέλκυση αγοραστών επενδυτών acquisition of starts with the the content of- concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term ήταν: gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification η κατάργηση του φόρου ακίνητης ιδιοκτησίας Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, removal fromthere this, (inartists, various ways), ofηsocial groups, usually of low-income andthe theτων placement απλοποίηση του τρόπου καταμέτρησης εμβαδών γιαof ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, of σκοπούς επιβολής ΦΠΑ restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the η αύξηση του συντελεστή δόμησης των ξενοδοχειακών μονάδων, whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relativeεισαγωγή speculation). με ταυτόχρονη κανονισμού για Condo Hotels, και potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to επανακαθορισμός τωνat first εμβαδών που προσμετρούνται γιαto Theοterm gentrification found in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refers the then observed trend ofiswealthy people to buy property in poor of πολεοδομικούς σκοπούς the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof Τα upgrade πιο πάνω αποτελούν μερικά μόνο παραδείγματα που London, them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus oldαυτών residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. έχουμε επιτύχει μέσα από τη συνεργασία του κράτους και της being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth επιχειρηματικής κοινότητας.

GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, byθα other Researchers. Ιδιαίτερη αναφορά πρέπει να γίνειscholars και στις Since then, the issue has preoccupied several and εκστρατείες for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its μαζί more comprehensive are being summarized προώθησης της approach Κύπρου ως επενδυτικού προορισμού στοfrom εξωτερικό comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, theμια following: με την ΟΕΒ, ΚΕΒΕ και CIPA με τους οποίους είχαμε άψογη συνεργασία. interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new of social groups Κορυφαία όμως στιγμή για τον κλάδο μας, ήταν η συμμετοχή του to “return” to theΔημοκρατίας city, leaving the purlieus for several highμας costs in money Πρόεδρου της στο συνέδριο που ο reasons: Σύνδεσμός οργάνωσε and to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the στηνtime Σαγκάη.

The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.of safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin,Κύριε where Πρόεδρε, she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,movements (possibly)for YouthΗ Unemployment.

The same yearΚίνα she left Germanyισχυρό and afterμήνυμα. continuousΜας παρουσία σας στην έστειλε έδωσε lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, μεγάλη δύναμη και ώθηση να προβάλλουμε, πάνω απ' όλα, την Κύπρο μας. in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and Σας ευχαριστούμε που είσαστε μαζί μας.

University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Κυρίες και Κύριοι, G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

Σήμερα, ο τομέας ανάπτυξης γης και οικοδομών απασχολεί πάνω από 35,000 εργαζομένους –όσους περίπου και η τουριστική βιομηχανία– ενώ προσφέρει ευκαιρίες συνεργασίας σε χιλιάδες άλλους επαγγελματίες από πολλούς κλάδους. Την ίδια στιγμή, τόσο οι δικοί μας υπολογισμοί όσο και της πολιτείας, ανεβάζουν το ποσό που εισέρρευσε στην κυπριακή οικονομία, από ξένες επενδύσεις στην αγορά By ακινήτων, αυτά τα χρόνια, πάνω από Mr. George-Sp. C. 3 ATHANASOPOULOS €4 δις.

Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Η έξοδος από το πρόγραμμα οικονομικής προσαρμογής, η Architect of the School of Architecture σταθεροποίηση του χρηματοπιστωτικού Student συστήματος και οι συνεχείς Universityοίκους of Crete αναβαθμίσεις της κυπριακής οικονομίας από Technical τους διεθνείς αξιολόγησης, επιβεβαιώνουν τις θετικές της προοπτικές. Αποτυπώνουν τη 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept σταθερή ενίσχυση της διεθνούς εμπιστοσύνης. Η αξιοπιστία επέστρεψε.

1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, BC - 370 BC, Athens), ΝέεςANTISTHENIS, προοπτικές the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wiseανοίγουν. heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the Αξίζει εδώ να σημειωθεί το θετικό κλίμα που προσλαμβάνουμε among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. για την Κύπρο μέσα από επαφές στο εξωτερικό καιapproach, τιςofπροσπάθειες acquisition of knowledge starts withμας theindefinition the content concepts.

Based, therefore, on τις this “principle” a first, if of not final, the term 1 (and Based, therefore, on επενδυτών. this “principle” inindicated a first, not final, approach, the και term προσέλκυσης ξένων Πέρα απόif (in τηνthe ελκυστικότητα urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification πολυσυλλεκτικότητα που διαχρονικά χαρακτηρίζει την(in various Κύπρο Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of ασφάλεια, low-income and theremoval placement (γεωγραφική θέση, κλίμα, πολιτισμός, υπηρεσίες), έχει ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation ofιδιαίτερα art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of προκαλέσει θετική αίσθηση η αποφασιστικότητα και η the operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However “change”, regardless whatever other has, results risingthis of land prices (and theof αποτελεσματικότητα που έδειξε στην αντιμετώπιση της κρίσης. whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative Επιπρόσθετα, η σταθερότητα προσελκύει επενδυτές και η Κύπρος potential relative speculation).

The termηgentrification found at first in the UK inευρύτερη early 1960sπεριοχή and it refers παραμένει πιο σταθερήisκαι ασφαλής χώρα στην της. to The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor Τα δεδομένα αυτά, σε καμία περίπτωση να in οδηγήσουν σε the then observed trend wealthy people to δεν buyπρέπει property poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof εφησυχασμό ή πισωγυρίσματα. Διανύουμε ακόμη μιαand κρίσιμη London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there thus oldμεταβατική residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. περίοδο, στην οποία καλούμαστε να παραμείνουμε σοβαροί και να being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth εργαστούμε μεwhile συλλογικότητα και in ευελιξία. Χρειάζεται σύνεση A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at theακούραστα same similar were in other major και στρατηγική ώστε να αντιμετωπίσουμε τις προκλήσεις και να GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. αξιοποιήσουμε τις ευκαιρίες.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more Since then, the issueγια has preoccupied several scholars andthe for various its more Οι προϋποθέσεις δυναμική εξέλιξη τουbelow, τομέαfrom ανάπτυξης γης comprehensive approach are being summarized comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various είναι μπροστάof μας. Έχουμε όμως να αντιμετωπίσουμε έντονο διεθνή interpretations the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups ανταγωνισμό. Γι’ αυτό επιβάλλεται να διορθώσουμε αδυναμίες που to “return”την to the city, leaving the purlieus μειώνουν ανταγωνιστικότητά μας.for several reasons: high costs in money and time travel from purlieus to downtown, where work ως place is, σύγχρονο lack of the Εάνtoθέλουμε ναthe ενισχύσουμε τη θέση της Κύπρου ένα 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, περιφερειακό επιχειρηματικό κέντρο, είναι ανάγκη να εκσυγχρονίζουμε Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services ofδομές health,και education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) συνεχώς πρακτικές. γραφειοκρατία και ναfor Youth Unemployment.

The same yearΝα sheπεριορίσουμε left Germany andτη after continuous movements lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came to back to London, εφαρμόσουμε γρήγορες διαδικασίες. in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and Οι μέχρι μεταρρυθμιστικές πρωτοβουλίες της University College τώρα of London, where she continued her social research.

Her Κυβέρνησης, public and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying her work are προς characterized by a passion for justice. SeeΗ also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. κινούνται τη σωστή κατεύθυνση. αποτελεσματικότητα μιας and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: οικονομίας εξαρτάται σε μεγάλο βαθμό από τη δυνατότητα των G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

252119 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

20

επιχειρήσεων να λειτουργούν μέσα σ’ ένα περιβάλλον φιλικό κι ένα θεσμικό πλαίσιο απόλυτα σαφές, σταθερό και διεθνώς ανταγωνιστικό. Αναγνωρίζουμε τις βελτιώσεις που έγιναν απέναντι στην κρατική γραφειοκρατία, τις δυσλειτουργίες και την πολυπλοκότητα του συστήματος διοίκησης. Όμως υπάρχουν εμπόδια που εξακολουθούν να καθυστερούν και να ταλαιπωρούν τις επιχειρήσεις -που μέσα σε αυτό το πολύ δύσκολο οικονομικό περιβάλλον θέλουνC. ATHANASOPOULOS και μπορούν να

By Mr. George-Sp. επενδύσουν- αλλά και τους Κύπριους πολίτες και τους ξένους επενδυτές.

Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Είναι λοιπόν κομβικής σημασίας να προχωρήσουν αποφασιστικά Architect Student of the School of Architecture όλες οι μεταρρυθμίσεις και πολιτικές που ευνοούν την προσέλκυση Technical University of Crete επενδύσεων, ενισχύουν την υγιή επιχειρηματικότητα και δυναμώνουν την απασχόληση.

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Προς αυτή την κατεύθυνση θεωρούμε πως είναι ζωτικής σημασίας 1. Introductory approach: the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ο εκσυγχρονισμός του συστήματος αδειοδότησης έργων και ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC,έκδοσης Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the τίτλων ιδιοκτησίας, όπως επίσης και η ενοποίηση όλων των τελών among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. ανάπτυξης καιknowledge αδειοδότησης ακινήτων και όλων των φορολογιών, είτε acquisition of starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and Based, therefore, on this “principle” inφορείς a first, της if (in not final, approach, the term αυτές αφορούν στο κράτος, είτε στουςis τοπικής αυτοδιοίκησης, urban gentrification) indicated the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification αποχετευτικά τέλη και“refining” άλλα.

Sociology as well), as the of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityπροώθησης area, this, of (inartists, various ways), social groups, usually andthe theremoval placement ofΕπιπρόσθετα, μέσωof low-income της τηςfromthere ηλεκτρονικής ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of artμπορούν galleries, να restaurants, etc. However thisεπισπευσθούν “change”, regardless of διακυβέρνησης, απλοποιηθούν και να πολλές the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever otherπου consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the διαδικασίες σήμερα είναι χρονοβόρες και ταλαιπωρούν τιςof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative επιχειρήσεις, αλλά και τους πελάτες τους. potential relative speculation).

Theterm is found at first inμας the UK in early 1960sηand it refers to Μας gentrification ενδιαφέρει και ταυτόχρονα προβληματίζει ρύθμιση του The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor θέματος αξιοποίησης της κρατικής γης, ηto οποία πρέπειinνα γίνει γιαof the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people buy property poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves there and thus old residents are εμπλουτιστικά έργα υποδομής που θα αναβαθμίζουν τιςthus πόλεις μας –στη London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. βάση ενός ολοκληρωμένου σχεδιασμού– και όχι να δημιουργήσει αθέμιτο being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth ανταγωνισμό στην αγορά στέγης.

A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major  Τέλος, το κράτος θα πρέπει να προχωρήσει με την ενοποίηση των GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities inώστε Western countries, byκαι other Researchers. νόμων, ρυθμίσεις τροποποιήσεις γίνονται Since then, οι the issue has preoccupied severalνα scholars andμεforένα its νόμο. more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more Παράλληλα επιβάλλεται υπάρξει της from Νομοθεσίας στα comprehensive approachναare being εκσυγχρονισμός summarized below, the various comprehensive approach are summarized below, the various θέματα των κοινοχρήστων και being της διαχείρισής τους, τωνfrom κολυμβητικών interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense,των theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, aκαι trend a new of social groups δεξαμενών, ελαχίστων εμβαδών τηςofειδικής εκτέλεσης. to “return” the city, the purlieus several reasons: highσυγκεκριμένες costs in money Για to όλα τα leaving πιο κάνω, κύριεforΠρόεδρε, έχουμε and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack the εισηγήσεις. Πιστεύουμε ότι η υιοθέτηση τους θα δημιουργήσει μιαofνέα 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, δυναμική στον τομέα και στην κυπριακή οικονομία.

Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of εισηγήσεις health, education, entertainment “at the στις heart of the city”,Αρχές (possibly) έχουμε καιfor YouthΤις Unemployment.

Theαυτές same year she leftυποβάλει Germany and after αρμόδιες continuous movements lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, London and New came back to London, υπηρεσίες του κράτους καιPrague, είμαστε έτοιμοι ναYork τις she συζητήσουμε, πάντα με in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and ανοικτό εκτίμησή μας είναι πως συμβάλουν στην Universityπνεύμα.

College of Η London, where she continued her social research.καταλυτικά Her public and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying her work are characterized by aστόχων. passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. επίτευξη των κοινών μας and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Επιτρέψτε μου στο σημείο αυτό μια ειδική αναφορά. Χρειάζεται όλοι G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually να εργαστούμε, με τόλμη και αποφασιστικότητα, για αυτά που πρέπει να

2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the γίνουν ώστε να συνεχίσουμε να πηγαίνουμε μπροστά. Με κόπους και among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. μεγάλες ταon προηγούμενα χρόνια, βάλαμε τα θεμέλια μιας acquisition of knowledge starts with the the content of concepts.

Based, θυσίες therefore, this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the νέας term 1 (andαδιανόητο Based, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term πορείας. Θαtherefore, είναι να αφήσουμε να χαθούν ταarea όσα πετύχαμε. urban gentrification) is of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Γι’ αυτό, κλείνοντας, θα ήθελα τονίσω ότι ο Σύνδεσμός θα Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityναarea, the removal from this, (inμας various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social of low-income and the there of artists, συνεχίσει να groups, έχει usually τεκμηριωμένη άποψη καιplacement αξιόπιστη θέση. Να ways), of social groups, usually low-income andκινήσεις thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However “change”, regardless of παρακολουθεί τις τάσεις, τις of εξελίξεις και τις άλλωνthere χωρών. Το the operation ofconsequences artαποστολή galleries, restaurants, However “change”, regardless whatever other has, also rising of land (and theof οφείλουμε στην μας results και etc. στον τόποthis μας ναprices προτείνουμε whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative ενέργειες, σχέδια και κίνητρα, για να μπορέσει η Κύπρος να διατηρήσει και potential relative speculation).

The term is found first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to ενισχύσει ταgentrification ανταγωνιστικά της at πλεονεκτήματα.

The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor Είναιobserved ευθύνη όλων να ενώσουμε τις δυνάμεις εκείνες που μας κάνουν the then trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof πιο ικανούς. Τις δυνάμεις μας οδηγούν στο μέλλον.

London, upgrade them, stayπου themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Επιτρέψτε μου καταληκτικά να ευχαριστήσω: being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Τον Πρόεδρο της Κυπριακής γιαmajor την Adescription ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere theΔημοκρατίας work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at theεξοχότατο same while similar recorded in other παρουσία του σήμερα μαζί μας. Μας τιμά ιδιαίτερα η θετική του GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied otherγια Researchers. προσέγγιση προσπάθειες εξεύρεση καλύτερων Since then,στις the issue has severalτων scholars and forδυνατών its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars andthe for various its more λύσεων για τον κλάδο. comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various  Την Ομοσπονδία Εργοδοτών και Βιομηχάνων, στη δύναμη της interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations phenomenon of theτον following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is due togentrification, aκαι trendκυρίως of a new category of social groups οποίας ανήκει οtheΣύνδεσμός μας, Εκτελεστικό μας to “return” toκ. the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Γραμματέα, Αντώνη Φραγκούδη and time to travel from theΣύμβουλο purlieus to downtown, work place is, lack ofμας the  Το Νομικό μας κ. Σταύροwhere Λεπτό, τους ελεγκτές 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, KPMG και όλους μας τους συνεργάτες.

Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health,ευχαριστίες education, entertainment “at theστους heart of the city”, (possibly) θέλω μου στοfor YouthΙδιαίτερες Unemployment.

The same year sheνα leftεκφράσω Germany and after συνεργάτες continuous movements lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, London New York she came back to London, Διοικητικό Συμβούλιο, για Prague, το χρόνο πουand αφιερώνουν στο to Σύνδεσμο και τη in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and δημιουργική καιofεποικοδομητική που έχουμε.

University informal College London, where she συνεργασία continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Σας ευχαριστώ.

G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

252121 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

The costs and benefits of positive GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types ofof Intervention, The costs and benefits positive illusions

Definition, of intervention, illusions ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Spyros Makridakis * and Andreas Moleskis Concerns Spyros Makridakis * and Andreas Moleskis 1,2,3

1

1,2,3

1

1 Economics and Business, Neapolis University of Pafos, Pafos, Cyprus, 2 Decisions Sciences, INSEAD, Fontainebleau, 3 Decision Sciences, INSEAD, Singapore, Singapore France, Economics and Business, Neapolis University of Pafos, Pafos, Cyprus, 2 Decisions Sciences, INSEAD, Fontainebleau,

1

France, 3 Decision Sciences, INSEAD, Singapore, Singapore

Edited by: Edited by: isa Takemura, a Takemura, versity, Japan

ersity, Japan

Reviewed by: eviewed by: Keiko Ishii, KeikoJapan Ishii, versity, ersity,Rombs, Japan Elvyra vyra Rombs, versity, Japan

ersity, Japan

espondence: os Makridakis, spondence: rsity of Pafos, Makridakis, , Pafos 8042, sity of Pafos, Pafos Cyprus 8042, kis@nup.ac.cy

Cyprus s@nup.ac.cy

alty section: s submitted to lty section: e Psychology submitted to Measurement, Psychology of the journal easurement, n Psychology

of the journal 2 March 2015 Psychology 10 June 2015

30 June2015 2015 March 0 June 2015 Citation: 0 June 2015 eskis A (2015)

fits of positive

Citation: illusions. skis A (2015) sychol. 6:859. s of positive g.2015.00859 illusions. ychol. 6:859.

2015.00859

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Positive illusions are associated with unrealistic optimism about the future and an inflated Positive illusions are associated with unrealistic about theC. future and an inflated By optimism Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect assessment of one’s abilities. They are prevalent in normal life and are considered of the of Architecture assessment of one’s abilities. They are prevalent in Student normal life andSchool are considered essential for maintaining a healthy mental state, although,Technical there are University disagreements to essential for maintaining a healthy mental state, although, there are disagreements toof Crete the extent extenttotowhich whichpeople people demonstrate these positive illusions and whether they are the demonstrate these positive illusions and whether they are 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept beneficial orornot. not.But Butwhatever whatever situation, is hard to dismiss their existence beneficial thethe situation, it the is ithard to dismiss their existence and and 1. Introductory approach: Defining concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), their positive and/or negative influence on human behavior and decision in their positive and/or negative influence on human behavior and decision makingmaking in ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the general. Prominent Prominentamong among illusions is that of control, is tendency “the tendency for people general. illusions is that of control, that that is “the for people among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of their knowledge with ofdescribes thedescribes content concepts. to overestimate tostarts control events.”

ThisThis paper positive illusions, overestimate theirability ability to control events.” paper positive illusions, acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term their benefits but also quantifies theirtheir costs in five specific fields fields (gambling, their potential potentialtherefore, benefits but also quantifies in not five final, specific (gambling, 1 (and urban Based, on this “principle” inindicated acosts first, if approach, the term gentrification) is (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification stock and other markets, new firms andand startups, preventive medicine and wars).

It 1 stock and other markets, new firms startups, preventive medicine and It gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (inwars). various is organized into three parts.

First the psychological reasons giving rise to positive isways), organized into three parts.

First reasons giving rise Sociology as well), as the “refining” ofpsychological a city area, removal fromthere this,to (inpositive various of social groups, usually of the low-income andthe the placement of artists, illusions are described and their likely harm andand benefits stated.

Second, theirthere negative ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement of artists, illusions are described and their likely harm benefits stated.

Second, their negative the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of consequences areofpresented andrestaurants, their costs are quantified in five areas seriously the operation art galleries, etc.

However this “change”, regardless consequences areconsequences presented andhas, theirresults costs also are quantified in fiveprices areas (and seriously whatever other rising of land theof affected with emphasis to those related has, to the illusion of control that seems toprices dominate whatever other consequences also land (and the potential relative speculation). affected with emphasis to those related toresults the illusion ofrising controlof that seems to dominate those of unrealistic optimism.

The costs involved are huge and serious efforts must be potential relative speculation).

The gentrification found at first in the in early 1960s and it refers to those of term unrealistic optimism.isThe costs involved areUK huge and serious efforts must be undertaken to understand their enormity steps to avoid them in theand future.

The term gentrification iswealthy foundand atpeople first intaken the UK in early 1960s itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor undertaken toa understand their enormity steps taken to them in the future.

Finally, there is concluding section where theand challenges to avoid positive illusions are the then observed trend of wealthy people torelated buy property in poor areas of London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents Finally,and there is a concluding section where the challenges related to positive illusions are noted directions for futurestay research are presented.

London, upgrade them, themselves sometimes there and thus old residentsare are being indirectly “squeezed”. noted and directions for future research are presented. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth

Keywords: illusion of control, illusions, better that average symptom, cost/benefits of illusions, gambling fallacy, self rated health (SRH), planning fallacy, preventive medicine

GLASSillusion at theofsame whilethat similar were recorded in gambling other major Keywords: control,period, illusions, better averagesituations symptom, cost/benefits of illusions, fallacy, GLASS at(SRH), the same period, while situations were recorded in other major self ratedinhealth planning fallacy, medicine cities Western countries, bypreventive othersimilar Researchers.

cities in Western countries, byunrealistic other Researchers.

Since then, issue with has preoccupied several scholars andanfor its more Positive illusions arethe associated optimism about the future and inflated Since then, the issue has several scholars andthe forand its more assessment of one’s abilities (Kruger etare al.,preoccupied 2009).

Such illusions are prevalent in from normal life comprehensive approach being summarized below, Positive illusions are associated with unrealistic optimism about the future and anvarious inflated comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the can be considered useful in some cases for maintaining a healthy mental state (Taylor and Brown,various interpretations the phenomenon gentrification, assessment of one’sof abilities (Kruger et al., of 2009).

Such illusionsthe arefollowing: prevalent in normal life and 1988, although,ofthere is disagreement toofthe people demonstrate these interpretations the phenomenon the following: In1994), a sense, the phenomenon isfor due togentrification, a extent trendatohealthy ofwhich a new category of social can be considered useful in some cases maintaining mental state But (Taylor andgroups Brown, positive illusions and whether they are beneficial or not (Colvin and Block, 1994). whatever to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus forextent several reasons: highinfluence costs inonmoney 1988, 1994), italthough, is their disagreement to the toand/or whichnegative people demonstrate these the situation, is hard to there dismiss existence and their positive positive illusions anddecision whether they are beneficial or not (Colvin and Block, 1994).

But and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work lackwhatever of the human behavior and making in general.

Prominent among illusions isplace that ofis,control the situation, it isLanger hard todistributed dismiss their existence their1912-1940. positive and/or negative influence onin term comes from Ruth GLASS, Ruth GLASS was born that is 1. defined by asSociologist “an expectancy of aand personal success probability higher than thebetter sense ofThe safety at the(1975) residencies outside town centres, search for Berlin, where she made her making first studies.

In 1932 she published an important study entitled: human behavior and decision in general.

Prominent among illusions is that of control objective probability would warrant” (p.

313).

She also claims that “while people may pay lip service services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,movements (possibly)for Youth Unemployment.

The same year she leftevents Germany andsuccess after continuous to theisconcept of by chance they behave as “an though chance subject to control” (p.

311). that defined Langer (1975) as expectancy of a are personal probability higher than the lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, This article describes positive illusions, talks about their potential benefits but also quantifies objective probability would warrant” (p.

313).

She also claims that “while people may pay lip service in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the isnew due aand systematic and their in College five specific fields (gambling, stock and other markets, startups, to University thecosts concept of chance behave as though chance events are subject tofirms control” (p.

311). of they London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying preventive medicine and wars).

It is organizedfor into three See parts.

FirstCOLLINS the psychological reasons This article positive talks about theiralso: potential benefits but also quantifies her work are describes characterized by aillusions, passion justice.

ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in giving rise to positive illusions are described and their likely harm and benefits stated.

Second, their 10th edit.

Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: their costs in five specific fields (gambling, stock and other markets, new firms and startups,

G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: varietymedicine of ways, inwars). orderItAbstract. to achieve the three “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually preventive and is organized into parts. First the psychological reasons giving rise to positive illusions are described and their likely harm and benefits stated.

Second, their 22 2521 11 www.frontiersin.org 1 June 2015 | Volume 6 | Article 859

www.frontiersin.org

1

June 2015 | Volume 6 | Article 859

Makridakis and Moleskis E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

negative GENTRIFICATION consequences are of presented and their costs are Definition, Types Intervention, quantified in five areas that are seriously affected. Finally, Definition, Types of intervention, Concerns ofsection Gentrification there is a concluding where the challenges related to positive illusions are noted and directions for future research are Concerns presented.

to be mor Taylor an illusions i unrealistic control ov The psychological literature is full of examples showing that (c) they ho

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS human judgment is generally optimistic due to overconfidence can justify Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, while considering insufficiently, or even ignoring negative (1988) cla

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect consequences (McKenna, 1993; Student Kruger,of1999).

The end result the School of Architecture unrealistic University of Crete control or is that people tend to underestimateTechnical the chance of failure whereas overestimating the likelihood of success. This becomes variety of 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept more evident when evaluating future plans or actions requiring Anoth 1. Introductory approach: the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), forecasts the about forthcoming, uncertain aevents whose for integr ANTISTHENIS, ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC,benefits Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 great the are overestimated while their risks are undervalued (e.g., the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the and answ acquisition of knowledge starts with the of the content of concepts. planning below, Lovallo andifKahneman, 2003).

Athe critical Based, therefore, onfallacy this “principle” indefinition a first, not final, approach, term predict hi 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on inindicated atofirst, if (in notthe final, approach, the term question is this ifgentrification) it“principle” is possible achieve some psychologically is area of Planning) (or positive il gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as optimal well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various level by seeing things as only slightly better than they extensive Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually andthe theremoval placement really are in orderoftolow-income benefit from illusions while avoiding the Bushwick ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operationserious of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless risks of restaurants, acting on etc. false, unrealistic assumptions.

Toof that exten the operation ofconsequences art galleries, However regardless whatever other has, results also risingthis of “change”, land prices (and theof answer this questionhas, we need to also explore both advantages andthe 2005) to whatever other consequences results rising ofthe land prices (and potential relative speculation). damages associated with positive illusions and take into account potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to also evide The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto that it ca the costs involved. the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof among ca London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are attack, re being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Pope, 201 Positive Illusions A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major cases, the GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

People view themselves more positively compared to how they cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more or not th judge others.

Furthermore, people also consider themselves Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars andthe for various its more of unreali comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the lessofnegatively compared to how others perceive them.various This financial interpretations the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: than average” illusion amply of demonstrated In a sense,“better theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trendhas of a been new social groups (Taylor a to “return” to(Brown, the city, leaving purlieuslearning, for several reasons: parenting, high costs inhealth, money pessimisti 2012) inthedriving, teaching, and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack the anticipate work competences, leadership ability, remembering better of than termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, and even having more giftedstudy children Berlin, whereothers she made herin first studies.

In 1932 she intelligent anand important entitled: addition, services of health, education, entertainment “at published the heart of the city”,movements (possibly) Youth Unemployment.

The same year she left Germany and after continuous for than neighbors or friends.

For car instance, access 94% of US professors lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private markets, etc.where and Ham studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and Neweasier York she came to back to London, rated themselves betterthe than their colleagues (Cross, 1977), in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 she teacher80% in the in East A to another approach, is due tobecame a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and of drivers themselves above average on a number of (Endo et a long-term informal effortregard by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. important characteristics (McCormick et al., 1986), only 1% The be and selling real estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G.Australian ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve thetheir “assisted”, “voluntary”, workers rate job performance as(actually below comes fro average while 11.5% believe they are below average in keeping are asked 252123 11 fit and healthy (Headey and Wearing, 1989). Subjects even rated How w themselves better than others in predicting the sequence of • Excell coin tosses (Langer and Roth, 1975). The better than average • Quite

than neighbors or friends. For instance, 94% of US professors and Hamamura, 2007 rated themselves better than their colleagues (Cross, 1977), 80% in East Asian popula of drivers regard themselves above average on a number of (Endo et al., 2000).

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. REG. / R.DEC. DEC. LOC. GOV.REG. REG. DEV. E¶.

ADM. REG. / R. LOC. GOV. DEV. important characteristics (McCormick etDEV. al., 1986), only 1% The best docume of Australian workers rate their job performance as below comes from the area o average while 11.5% believe they are below average in keeping are asked a variant of fit and healthy (Headey and Wearing, 1989). Subjects even rated How would you de themselves better than others in predicting the sequence of • Excellent coin tosses (Langer and Roth, 1975). The better than average • Quite good illusion has also been called the “Lake Wobegon” effect (Keillor, • Fair 1985; Kruger, 1999), named after a fictional location, where • Rather poor

By Mr. George-Sp. “all the women are strong, all the men are goodC. ATHANASOPOULOS looking, Very poor Graduate School Design, • Student, and all the children areHarvard above University, average,” describing a realofand

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS • I don’t know Architect pervasive human tendency to overestimateStudent one’s achievements of the School of Architecture and capabilities in relation to others. On the oppositeTechnical side people many studies ( University In of Crete tend to undervalue dangers such as disease, serious accidents and 2009; Bushwick, 2012 1. Introductory approach: Defining concept other hardships whose existence theythe accept but believe cannot of mortality and gives 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, happen to themselves (Dolinksi et al., 1987; McKenna, 1993). than that made by ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he Taylor left us, and he established a great theof the medi On the affirmative side, Brown (1988, 1994) a study among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the claimed thatofpositive illusions are the adaptive, enabling people to concepts. answered the SRH. W acquisition knowledge starts with the content of Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term feel hopeful in the face of great difficulties and overwhelming 1 people who Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) area of Planning) (or feel bette gentrification 1 gentrification (and urban gentrification) isarea, indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (ormuch as 20 uncertainty.

Positive attitudes canofcontribute to the achievement livevarious by as Sociology as well), as the “refining” a cityPositive the removal (in illusions: costs/benefits Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various of tough tasks, groups, like starting a new firm that should have been ways), of social usually of low-income and thenot placement there Figure of artists, 1, taken from ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andto thethis placement of artists, the operation art galleries, restaurants, However “change”, regardless of optimistic undertaken ifofobjective logic had beenetc. applied, work harder,there shows that the operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However regardless whatever other has, results risingthis of “change”, land prices (and theof be moreother productive and not has, giveresults up in the face of of hardship. costs are towhatever consequences also rising land prices (and the potential relative speculation). and Brown (1994) assert that “most people exhibit positive . Finally, Taylor potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Frontiers Psychology |trend www.frontiersin.org 2 it illusions in three important domains: (a) in they themselves elated to the Theinterm gentrification found atpeople first the UK in early 1960s and refersofto then observed ofiswealthy to view buy property inin poor areas the then observed trend of wealthy people buy have property in poor areas unrealistically positive terms; (b) theysometimes believetothey greater earch are London, upgrade them, stay themselves there and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. control over environmental events than is actually the case; and being indirectly “squeezed”. description of of thisthe phenomenon is included in the work ofdata Sociologist Ruth hold views future that are rosier than base-rate wing that (c)Athey A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar major justify” (p. 21).

Moreover in another article Taylor and Brownininother onfidence can GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. “acountries, set of interrelated positive illusions – namely, negative (1988) cities inclaim: Western bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more unrealistically self-evaluations, exaggerated of the nd result comprehensive Since then,positive the issue has severalperceptions scholars and for various its more approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various control or mastery, unrealistic – can a wide of failure interpretations of theand phenomenon of optimism gentrification, theserve following: interpretations the phenomenon of the following: of cognitive, affective, and social (p.

193). becomes variety In a sense, theof phenomenon is due togentrification, a functions” trend of a new category of social groups the city, purlieus several reasons:ahigh costs in money Anothertoarticle byleaving Taylorthe and Armorfor(1996) provides basis requiring to “return” to travelpositive from theillusions purlieus with to downtown, where work place is, lack of the for time integrating the constraints of reality e benefits and 1.of The termat comesdistributed from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in safety residencies outside town centres, and answers thethe question “Do higher levels positive (e.g., the sense Berlin, where she made her first studies.

In 1932 sheof published anillusions important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,movements (possibly)for Youth Unemployment. same year she left Germany the and advantages after continuous higher levelsThe of adjustment?”

Although, of A critical predict lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, illusions have been criticized, newer evidence from ologically positive in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due athe systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public and extensive literature of positive psychology (DeSalvo et al., 2006; than they long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. Bushwick, 2012) portrays the advantages of positive thinking iding the and selling real estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm variety of ways, ingreater order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, extend from happiness (Seligman, 2003; Gilbert, (actually tions. To athat tages and24 2005) to longer life expectancy (Bopp et al., 2012). There is 2521 11 o account also evidence on the benefits of so-called expressive writing, that it can improve mood disorders, help reduce symptoms among cancer patients, improve a person’s health after a heart

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

man, 2003). A critical predict higher levels of adjustment?” Although, the advantages of ome psychologically positive illusions have been criticized, newer evidence from the htly better than they extensive literature of positive psychology (DeSalvo et al., 2006; E¶.A¶.

A¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN. / R.DEC. ADM.LOC. LOC. DEV. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC. LOC.GOV. GOV. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

TO¶. / R.DEC. ADM. DEV. REG. REG. s while avoiding the Bushwick, 2012) portrays the advantages of LOC. positive thinking tic assumptions. To that extend from greater happiness (Seligman, 2003; Gilbert, h the advantages and 2005) to longer life expectancy (Bopp et al., 2012). There is nd take into account also evidence on the benefits of so-called expressive writing, that it can improve mood disorders, help reduce symptoms among cancer patients, improve a person’s health after a heart attack, reduce doctor visits, and even boost memory (ParkerPope, 2015). Although positive illusions seem beneficial in many By is Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS cases, the critical question the extent of their value and whether Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, mpared to how they or not the derived benefits exceed the negative consequences

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect consider themselves of unrealistic expectations and their possible psychological and Student of the School of Architecture perceive them. This financial harm in case of failure. Research, however, has shown Technical University of Crete amply demonstrated (Taylor and Shepperd, 1998) that people occasionally will be 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept ng, parenting, health, pessimistic; bracing themselves for negative feedback, if they 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -be370 BC, Athens), embering better than anticipate that their optimistic out-look(444 might challenged.

In ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the t and gifted children addition, research by cultural psychologists has revealed (Heine among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the 4% of US professors and Hamamura, 2007) positive are likely tothe vanish acquisition of knowledge starts with that theindefinition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, ifillusions not final, approach, term 1 es (Cross, 1977), 80% therefore, in(and Easturban Asian populations they tend tothe be area ofapproach, different nature Based, on this “principle”or inindicated a first, if (in not final, the term gentrification) is of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification ge on a number of as well), (Endo al.,“refining” 2000). of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology asetthe Sociology as well), the “refining” of a city area, this,illusions (inartists, various of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement there of al., 1986), ways), only 1% Theasbest documented research related to from positive ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, thebelow operationcomes of art galleries, However this “change”, regardless of rformance as from therestaurants, area of self etc. rated health (SRH) where participants the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the w average in keeping are asked a variant ofhas, theresults following question: whatever other consequences also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). ). Subjects even rated relative How would you describe your state of health in general? potential speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to ng the sequence Theofterm gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to the then observed trend of • Excellent wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of better thanLondon, average the then observed trend of wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas upgrade them, stay themselves and thus old residents areof • Quite good London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are egon” effectbeing (Keillor, indirectly “squeezed”.

• Fair indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth onal location,being where • Rather A description thispoor phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth while similar in other major n are good GLASS looking,at the sameofperiod, GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major • Very poor in Western countries, by other Researchers. escribing a cities real and cities in Western bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, issue has several scholars and for its more • the I countries, don’t know e one’s achievements Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from opposite side people In many studies (Hoorens, 1993; Jylha, 2009; Kawada et al., comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon gentrification, the following: serious accidents Bushwick, 2012) found SRH is a strong predictor In and a sense,2009; theof phenomenon is dueitof towas a trend ofthat a new category of social groups pt but believe cannot of mortality and gives a more accurate estimate of life expectancy to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel purlieus to downtown, work examination place is, lack ofand the McKenna, 1993). than from that the made by doctors after where a medical 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside townsame centres, Brown (1988, 1994) a study of the medical history of the people who have Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services education, entertainment “at the heart ofhave the city”, (possibly) e, enabling people toof health, answered the SRH. SRH studies shown is thatfor Youth Unemployment.

The same year What she leftthe Germany and after continuous movements lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, s and overwhelming people who feelregarding better (are positive) about she their health tendwhere tothe in According 1943 she published studies cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 teacher in to another approach, the is due tobecame a systematic and e to the achievement live by as much as 20 years longer than those who do not [see University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice.

See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. should not have been Figure taken from Bopp et al.initially (2012)].

Thisof type ofEncyclopedia: evidence and selling real estate,1,etc., for theCodepreciation of part the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free lied, to worka Gentrification: harder, shows that optimistic thinking and positive illusions need to be G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

252125 11 2

June 2015 | Volume 6 | Article 859

Makridakis and Moleskis Positive illusions:REG. costs/benefits E¶.A¶.

A¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC. GOV. DEV. E¶.

TO¶.

GOV. REG. DEV.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greekbyphilosopher, FIGURE 1 | Survival of men and women self-rated health category (Bopp et al., 2012), Switzerland ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among othershow wiseaheritage left us,of he established a great theanswering “po lines which differencehe in survival about 20 years between male participants among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts. have been added by the authors).

FIGURE 1 | Survival ofof menknowledge and women by self-rated health with category the (Bopp et al., 2012), Switzerland 1977–1979, followed up 2008 (the dotted acquisition starts definition of the content ofuntilconcepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term lines which show a difference in survival of about 20 years between male participants answering “poor/very poor” and those answering “excellent” Based, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term have been added bytherefore, the1authors). (and urban gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various considered their well-being and alsofrom how considered for social their contribution our well-being and low-income alsoto howour The Negative C Sociology asfor well), astocontribution the “refining” of a city area, this, (inartists, various The Negative Consequences of Positive ways), of groups, usually of andthe theremoval placement there of their value can be exploited.

Illusions their value can be exploited. ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, theAccording operation of art galleries, restaurants, of to a recent SRH study administered to more etc. However this “change”, regardless Illusions than 8,000 individuals of into Switzerland (Bopp et al., 2012) it Inetc. addition to their benefits, positive illusionsregardless can also lead to of theAccording operation art galleries, restaurants, However this “change”, a recent SRH study administered to more whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the was concluded that the association between optimism and harmful consequences. For instance, the effort put in a job can whatever other consequences results also rising of2012) land (and the to their mortality was “largely independent from covariates and has, remained decrease if an employee, believing he/sheprices is betterIn than average, potential relative speculation). than 8,000 individuals in Switzerland (Bopp et al., it addition significant after decades... suggesting that SRH provides relevant does not put in additional effort to compete with his or her copotential relative speculation).

The term is found at first in theTheUK in early 1960s and itharmful refers to was concluded that the association between and and sustained healthgentrification information beyond classical risk factors or workers. same optimism is true with car accidents that could have been consequence The term iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK 1960s and refers to medical history” (p. 1).gentrification Figure 1 shows the significant differences avoided if thebuy driverin hadearly paid more attention by it not believing the then observed trend of to property in poor areas of mortality was “largely independent from covariates and remained decrease if an emplo between the various answers to the trend question ofof the perceived state he/she hasto superior skills versus thosein of others.

Similarly, byof the then observed wealthy people buy property poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are of health of the men and women who participated in the survey setting unrealistic goals driven by overconfidence there is the significant after decades... suggesting SRH provides relevant does not London, upgrade them, stay themselvesthat sometimes thus old residents areput in addi and speaks by itself on the“squeezed”. value of positive disposition. danger that they there could notand be achieved resulting in unpleasant being indirectly Results as those of Figure 1, as well as those of the other surprises and unnecessary failures thus leading toworkers. financial and The same is and sustained health information beyond classical risk factors or being indirectly “squeezed”. description ofclaims thisthatphenomenon is included theIn work Sociologist Ruth SRHA studies, support Taylor’s the illusions of control psychological in harm. addition,of serious monetary losses can are promoting rather than undermining good mental health. is occur, A description ofperiod, this phenomenon included inwere the work Sociologist Ruth medical history” (p.

1). Figure 1 similar shows the significant differences for instance, by believing thatof gains in casinos are major possible avoided if the driver GLASS at the same while situations recorded in other Although excessive illusions can also be detrimental, it can be through good luck while under valuing the odds favoring casinos GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major between various answers to the question the perceived has superior cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. argued that theythe are preferable to their opposite, that of learned (illusion of of control).

People shouldstate at least be he/she aware of the helplessness 1975; Nolen, 2014) by whenother people give negative implications of unrealistic optimism and believing that cities in(Seligman, Western countries, Researchers.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more of health of the men and women who participated in the survey setting up trying because they believe that future events cannot be they can control chance events, in particular when planning andunrealistic go Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more influenced by them in constructive way. should dealing disposition. with future oriented situations where predictions forthat they cou comprehensive approach arethere being summarized below, from the various and speaks byanyitself on theIdeally, value of positive danger becomprehensive some optimal level between approach positive illusions and helplessness forthcoming, uncertain below, events are required and the illusion of are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: depending on each as specific situationof andFigure the benefits and harm the planning fallacy prevails (Flyvbjerg et al., 2003; Lovallo and and unnece Results those 1, as well as those of the other surprises interpretations of the phenomenon of thecategory following: associated each. the According to the opinion ofisthedue authors, In a with sense, phenomenon togentrification, a Kahneman, trend of2003). a new of social groups SRHillusions, studies, support Taylor’s claims the illusions of control psychological harm. positive however, seem beneficial to probably the most thatPsychologists have documented the “planning fallacy” to “return” the city, the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money important human to objective, that of aleaving longer life expectancy while (Buehler et al., 1994; Lovallo and Kahneman, 2003) based are promoting rather than undermining good mental health. occur, for also contributing other aspects human endeavor. on over optimistic predictions result in and of timethe of instance, b and time topositively traveltofrom the ofpurlieus to downtown, where workthatplace is,cost lack Although excessive illusions can also be detrimental, it can be through good luck wh 1.

The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS was born sense of safety at the distributed residencies outside town centres, search for betterin Berlin, where she made her first studies.

In 1932 she published an important study entitled: argued that they education, are preferable to their opposite, that of (illusion Frontiers in Psychology | www.frontiersin.org 3 2015 | Volume 6 | Article 859 of control) services of health, entertainment “at the heart of learned theJunecity”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where helplessness (Seligman, 1975; Nolen, 2014) when people give negative implications studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, in 1943 she published studies regarding city planning.

In 1950 she became teacher in the According to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and up trying because they believe that future events cannot be they can control chan University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying influenced themeffort in any way.SeeIdeally, there should dealing with future her work are by characterized by a constructive passion for justice. also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. optimal Wil. AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: be some levelSONS between positive illusions and helplessness forthcoming, uncerta G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

depending on each specific situation and the benefits and harm 26 associated with each. According to the opinion of the authors, positive illusions, however, seem beneficial to probably the most important human objective, that of a longer life expectancy while also contributing positively to other aspects of human endeavor.

the planning fallacy 2521 11 Kahneman, 2003).

Psychologists ha (Buehler et al., 199 on over optimistic p

helplessness (Seligman, 1975; Nolen, 2014) when people give up trying because they believe that future events cannot be influenced by them in any constructive way. Ideally, there should E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC. ADM. LOC.DEV. DEV. REG./ illusions / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC. GOV. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶. ¶EP. ADM. LOC. REG. R. REG. be some optimal level between positive andGOV. helplessness depending on each specific situation and the benefits and harm ated health category (Bopp et al., 2012), Switzerland 1977–1979, followed up until 2008 (the dotted associated with each. According to the opinion of the authors, ut 20 years between male participants answering “poor/very poor” and those answering “excellent” positive illusions, however, seem beneficial to probably the most important human objective, that of a longer life expectancy while also contributing positively to other aspects of human endeavor.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

ll-being and also how

The Negative Consequences of Positive Illusions

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS

negative i they can dealing w forthcom the plann Kahnema Psycho (Buehler on over

dministered to more Frontiers in Psychology | www.frontiersin.org Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, 3 opp et al., 2012) it In addition to their benefits, positive illusions can also Architect lead to

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Student the School of Architecture ween optimism and harmful consequences. For instance, theof effort put in a job can Technical of Crete ariates and remained decrease if an employee, believing he/she is betterUniversity than average, RH provides relevant does not put in Defining additionalthe effort to compete with his or her co1. Introductory approach: concept assical risk factors or 1. Introductory approach: the concept workers.

The sameDefining is true with car accidents that- 370 could have been ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC BC, Athens), significant differences avoided if the driver had paid more attention by not believing ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the among wise has heritage left us,definition he established aothers. greatof“principle”: the of the perceived stateother superior skills versus those Similarly, acquisition ofhe/she knowledge startshe with the of theofcontent concepts. by of knowledge starts with of the content ofthere concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, not final, approach, theis term cipated in theacquisition survey setting unrealistic goalsthe driven by ifoverconfidence the 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” a achieved first, if (in notresulting final, approach, the term gentrification) indicated the area ofinPlanning) (or disposition. gentrification danger that they could notisinbe unpleasant 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various s those of the other surprises and unnecessary failures thus leading to financial and Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement he illusions ofways), control psychological harm.

In addition,and serious monetary losses can ways), of social groups, usually of low-income the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of good mentalwhatever health. occur, instance, by believing thatrising gainsthis in“change”, casinos are possible the operation ofconsequences artfor galleries, restaurants, etc.also However regardless other has, results of land prices (and theof etrimental, potential itwhatever can berelative through good luck while under valuing the odds favoring other consequences has, results also rising of land prices casinos (and the speculation). potential relative speculation). posite, that of learned (illusion of control). should least1960s be aware of the The term gentrification is found atPeople first in the UK inatearly and it refers to The gentrification foundof atpeople first in the UK in earlyand 1960s and itareas refers the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property inbelieving poor ofto 4) when people giveterm negative implications unrealistic optimism that the then observed wealthyevents, peopleintoparticular buy property inplanning poor areas London, stay of themselves sometimes there and when thus old residents areof re events cannot beupgrade they them, cantrend control chance and London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. . Ideally, therebeing should dealing with future oriented situations where predictions for indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth ions and helplessness forthcoming, uncertain events are required and illusionRuth of A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of the Sociologist GLASS at the same while similar in other major he benefits and harm thesame planning fallacy (Flyvbjergwere et al., 2003; Lovallo and GLASS at the period, while similar situations recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by otherprevails Researchers. inion of the authors, cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

Kahneman, 2003).

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more the issue has several below, scholars andthe for fallacy” its more to probably comprehensive the Since most then, Psychologists have the “planning approach arepreoccupied beingdocumented summarized from various Makridakis and Moleskis comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, following: 2003) various life expectancy while (Buehler et al., 1994; Lovallo and the Kahneman, based interpretations of the phenomenon of thecategory following: In a sense,on theover phenomenon is due togentrification, a trendthat of a new social groups of human endeavor. optimistic predictions result in costofand time of to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money completion overruns and overestimates of the expected benefits. and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Gambli There are prominent examples of search this planning term fromnumerous, Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS wasbetter born in The gross sense1.ofThe safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, for Berlin, wherefallacy. she madeThe her first studies.

In 1932 she published an important study entitled: expenses) Sydney Opera House (see Sydney Opera House, services of3health, education, entertainment “at the June heart of the city”, 2015 | Volume 6 |(possibly) Article 859 Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for n.d., where n.d. stands for no date available) was, for example, lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where staggering studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 teacher in the Economis to another the is due tobecame a systematic and scheduled toapproach, finish in 1963 with a budget ofshe$7 million.

Instead University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying it was completed 10 for years later, costing 15 times theDICTIONARY. original than that her work are characterized by a passion justice.

See also: COLLINS ENGLISH and selling real estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: estimate. The same situation has been true with most web, mega gambling G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually projects. The Eurofighter (Sanna et al., 2005) took 6 years longer create ser 252127 11 to complete than originally estimated with a cost overrun of Can such €8 billion. Similarly, the final cost of the Channel Tunnel (BBC depends o News, 1990) was close to double the original budget with a delay are not th of more than a year in completing it. Even worse, the estimate of In the fir

n.d., where n.d. stands for no date available) was, for example, staggering sum of cl scheduled to finish in 1963 with a budget of $7 million. Instead Economist, 2014) whi it was completed 10 years later, costing 15 times the original than that of the majo E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.

AYT. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG. / R. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV. REG.DEV. DEV.losses in so E¶.

AYT. ¶EP. LOC. DEC. REG. estimate.

The same situation has been true with/ R. most mega gambling projects. The Eurofighter (Sanna et al., 2005) took 6 years longer create serious problem to complete than originally estimated with a cost overrun of Can such huge losses €8 billion. Similarly, the final cost of the Channel Tunnel (BBC depends on the level o News, 1990) was close to double the original budget with a delay are not the same as f of more than a year in completing it. Even worse, the estimate of In the first case it ca the number of passengers to use the Eurostar (Eurostar History, the thrill of winning. n.d.) train service was highly optimistic resulting in a serious as it is well-known th

By Mr.In George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS shortfall in revenues and heavy losses.

2014, 20 C. years after winning diminish pro Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, its inauguration the Eurostar has still not managed to carry the the type of gambling

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect passengers predicted in the original forecasts and has made a type favoring the casi Student of the School of Architecture small profit only in the last 2 years (BBC News, 2015). in the long run.

Technical University of Crete In a book Flyvbjerg et al. (2003) shows that large cost overruns In casinos the cost 1. Introductory the concept have occurred in approach: nine out Defining of 10 large public works projects total losses, dependin 1. Introductory approach: Definingphilosopher, the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient documenting overruns of 45% Greek for rail projects, 34% for bridges exactly (see for examp ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other and wise20% heritage he left us, he established a great the and tunnels, for roads.

Interestingly, the overruns have costs range from a among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the been constant for the 70 starts years for the which data isnot available.

This fortune, ” to 9% each acquisition of knowledge with the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of final, approach, the term may indicate that no improvements in estimating and managing 1 playing black jack an Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification costs haveasbeen made over time, orofita may be due other factors. of various playing roulette wit Sociology well), as the “refining” city area, theto removal from this, (in Sociology as well), the “refining” of athat city area, fromthere this,two (inartists, various Finally, are as serious concerns cost underestimation ways), of there social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement of zeroes is 5.4%. Th ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation art galleries, etc.Flyvbjerg However this “change”, of $1 in a “whe appears to beofdeliberate inrestaurants, many cases. et al.

(2003), regardless is betting the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the therefore, criticize professional planning organizations for not average while the equ whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). doing much to reduce the size of costs overruns and improve zero is 2.7 cents. Thin potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to the planning process by utilizing a more objective approach that of 2% The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s andloss itareas refers the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor oftoassumes a avoids the overconfidence biases and is not based on illusory the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas mistakes are made, th London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are occur in “ thinking. least losses being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly There have “squeezed”. been many explanations about A description of this phenomenon is included in thethe workreasons of Sociologist Ruth At the same time crap A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work costs of Sociologist Ruth GLASS theoverestimating same while similar in other major involvedatin benefits and underestimating excitement of playing GLASS at the same period, situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, bywhile othersimilar Researchers. and completion times and several suggestions to achieve more not well-aware of the cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issuebeen has several scholars and for its more realistic estimates have advanced (Flyvbjerg, These costs the best strategy Since then, the issue has several 2014). scholars andthe for its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from various suggestions range from automatic budget increases to adopting extremely hard to win comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: an outside view, or making estimates based on different interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: Some assert that s In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups perspectives (Lovallo and Kahneman, 2003).

However, such five star restaurants, to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money suggestions havefrom not the been implemented in practice according and time to travel purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack the motivation theirofmain 1.of The term(2011) from Ruth 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety atcomes the distributed outside town centres, search to Flyvbjerg who Sociologist as theresidencies title of GLASS, his chapter claims “over given the massive lev Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, entertainment “at the heart the city”, (possibly) budget, over timeeducation, and andshe over to of continue losses? For Youth Unemployment.

The over same year left again” Germanyseem and after continuous movements for most gam lower living cost of,to “withdrawal” private easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and car Newof York she came back to London, despite all efforts improve thefrom management major projects. winningthe based on the in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in to another approach, the is due a systematic and In the next section the challenge of quantifying the costs of luck exists University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying and can be her work illusions, are characterized by a passionto forthat justice.

See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. positive with emphasis of control isofundertaken control motivates the and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: in five areas while also providing some suggestions as to what can apply a winning strate G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually be done to reduce their negative consequences. they bet 21 the color of 28 25 11 have observed that, sa known as the gamble Quantifying the Costs of Positive can win by betting o

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

In the next section the challenge of quantifying the costs of positive illusions, with emphasis to that of control is undertaken in five areas while also providing some suggestions as to what can be done to reduce their negative consequences.

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT. ¶EP.AN. AN. / R.DEC. ADM. LOC.DEV. DEV. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶. ¶EP. / R.DEC. ADM. LOC. REG.

luck exist control m apply a w they bet have obse known as Quantifying the Costs of Positive can win correctly Illusions of such il As it has already been mentioned, there are benefits from positive no matte illusions but there can also be some grave costs. In this section, an Barrin effort is made to quantify such costs in order to comprehend their run, wha Positive illusions: costs/benefits

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS enormous magnitudes and potential damages and also to induce Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, it is not people to avoid them. By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect smallest

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

Student of the School of Architecture

the expected benefits. Gambling and Casinos Technical University of Crete les of this planning The gross global winnings (total take minus pay-outs, excluding 1. Introductory approach: the concept Frontiers in Psychology | www.frontiersin.org ydney Opera House, expenses) fromDefining legal global casino gambling comes to the 4 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancient (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), le) was, for example, staggering sum of Greek close philosopher, to half a trillion dollars a year (The ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the of $7 million. Instead Economist, 2014) which is about the GDP of Norway and higher among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts.

15 times the acquisition original of than that of the majority countries. the Moreover, theconcepts. per capita knowledge starts with theof content of Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term rue with most mega gambling losses in some countries $1000 aofyear and 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first,exceed if (in notthe final, approach, the can term gentrification) is area Planning) (or gentrification 1 5) took 6 years longer create problems budgets and individual debts. gentrification (and urban gentrification) isarea, indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), asserious the “refining” of a to cityfamily the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various th a cost overrun of Can such huge losses be rationally explained?

The answer clearly ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, ofof low-income and thethis placement there artists, Channel Tunnel (BBC the operation of art galleries, etc. However “change”, regardless of depends onusually therestaurants, level gambling.

A few sporadic visits to of casinos the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the al budget with a delay other are not the same as frequent playing or pathological gambling.of whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential speculation). worse, the estimate ofrelative In the first case it can be done for its entertainment value and potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to ar (Eurostar History, the thrill of winning. problem comes from1960s recurrent playing The term gentrification foundThe atpeople first in the UK in early and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor esulting in London, athe serious as it is well-known that the longer one gambles, the chances ofof then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents are 2014, 20 years after London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes and thusof old“plays” residents are winning diminish proportionally to there the number and being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. managed to carry the the type of gambling as there is a different “house edge” for each A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth asts and hasGLASS made a thetype at same while similar in othertomajor favoring the casino.

Such “edge”inwere makes it impossible win GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major countries, by other Researchers. ews, 2015). cities in Western in the long run. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars precisely and for its more at large cost overruns Inthe casinos the cost per play can be calculated the Since then, issue has preoccupied several scholars andthe for and its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from various ublic works comprehensive projects total losses, depending on the number ofbelow, plays, can bethe estimated approach are being summarized from various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: ects, 34% forinterpretations bridges exactly (see for example the site Get Gambling Facts, n.d.).

Such the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups gly, the overruns have tocosts range from loss offor11% when playing of to “return” the city, leaving the apurlieus several reasons: high“the costswheel in money data is available.

This fortune, ” to each time playing slot machines, to is, a lack 2% when and time to travel from the9% purlieus to downtown, where work place of the term from GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS The wasbetter born mating and managing sense1.ofThe safety atcomes the distributed outside town centres, search for playing blackSociologist jackresidencies andRuth a mere 1.4% in “craps tables.” costin Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “atisthe heart the of city”, (possibly) e due to other factors. of playing with zero 2.7% andof that roulette withfor Youth Unemployment.

Theroulette same year she one left Germany and after continuous movements lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York came backan to London, cost underestimation two zeroes is 5.4%.

These costs mean thatshe every time individual 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the According to another approach, the is due a systematic and yvbjerg et al.in (2003), is betting $1 inwhere a “wheel of fortune” he orresearch. she is losing 11 cents on University College of London, she continued her social Her public and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying her work characterized by athe passion for justice.

Seewhen also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. organizationsand forselling notarereal average equivalent loss playing roulette with one estate,while etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: verruns andaimprove zero is 2.7 cents.

Things are more complex in Black Jack as the Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually bjective approach that loss of 2% assumes a perfect knowledge of the game and that no 252129 11 not based on illusory mistakes are made, the cost can be much higher otherwise. The least losses occur in “crap tables” at 1.4 cents to each dollar bet. about the reasons At the same time craps is not a popular game either because the underestimating costs

stimation l. (2003), s for not improve oach that n illusory

two zeroes is 5.4%. These costs mean that every time an individual is betting $1 in a “wheel of fortune” he or she is losing 11 cents on average while the equivalent loss when playing roulette with one zero is TO¶.

2.7 cents.

Things more complex inREG. Black Jack theGOV. E¶.A¶.

A¶.

TO¶.

AYT.¶EP. ¶EP. AN./ R.DEC. /are R.DEC. ADM. LOC.DEV. DEV. REG. / R. DEC.as LOC. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

AYT. AN. ADM. LOC. / R. DEC. LOC. loss of 2% assumes a perfect knowledge of the game and that no mistakes are made, the cost can be much higher otherwise. The least losses occur in “crap tables” at 1.4 cents to each dollar bet. reasons At the same time craps is not a popular game either because the ing costs excitement of playing this game is lower or because people are eve more not well-aware of the odds involved. Independently of the size of 4). These costs the best strategy is to gamble as few times as possible as it is adopting extremely hard to win in the long run.

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS different Some assert that spending time in superGraduate luxury casinos with Harvard University, School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS ver, such five star restaurants, super shows and Architect exciting surroundings is Student of the School of Architecture ccording their main motivation for gambling on the side.

But is this true Technical University of Crete ms “over given the massive level of casino profits that come from players’ continue losses?

For most gamblers major the motivation 1. Introductory approach:the Defining concept is the thrill of 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the conceptand projects. winning based on the illusion that this is possible ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444that BC -good 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 costs of among other heside left as us,their he established great the luck exists andwise can heritage be on their belief in theaillusion of BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts. dertaken acquisition control motivates them to gamble. Some people believe they can acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term what can apply a winning strategy that would beat the casino. For instance, 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term area of Planning) (or gentrification they bet the color thegentrification) next rouletteisisball as black they 1 (andof gentrification urban gentrification) indicated (inafter thefrom area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal this, (in various have observed that, say, five reds in a row have occurred (this is Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, known as social theofgambler’s fallacy). they that theythere ways), of groups, usually ofSimilarly, low-income andbelieve thethis placement of artists, the operation art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless can win by betting on their “lucky” number, or that they can whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherother consequences has, results alsoClearly, rising ofthe land prices (and the potential relative speculation). correctly guess purely chance outcomes. cost potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification foundisatno first in the UK chance in early events, 1960s and it refers to of such illusions is huge asisthere way to beat The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor m positive no matter what the strategy being used. the then observed trend of wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves and thus old residents areof ection, an Barringupgrade illusions andstay accepting that no one canthere win in thethus long London, them, themselves sometimes and old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. end their run, is the best strategy to minimize one’s losses?

Obviously, Makridakis and Moleskis being indirectly “squeezed”.

Awhat description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth to induce GLASS it is Anot “wheel ofwhile fortune” or slot machines whileofthe description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work Sociologist Ruth atplaying the same similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major smallest losses occur in “craps which, however, do not cities in Western countries, by othertables” Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several its more seem to be very popular.

The losses in black jackscholars are also and low forthem.

Considerable re Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from but one must be approach perfectly familiar with the game in orderfrom to the investors nor experts comprehensive are being summarized below, various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: 4 avoid technical and/or psychological June 2015 | Volume 6 | Article 859 mistakes. Thethe other choice which behave in a ran interpretations the phenomenon following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new category of social groups is playing roulette with one zero that does not require any skills, to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costsprediction in money for the fu as winning or losing is the purely a matter of chancewhere and the “average efficient and time to travel from purlieus to downtown, work place is, lack of themarket hypo loss” is small in relation to some other games.

The best approach is an expensive illusio 1.

The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS was born in sense of safety at the distributed residencies outside town centres, search for better Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: inYouth all casino games would beentertainment to bet the entire amount available services of health, education, “at the heart of the city”, worse (possibly) during periods Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. into a single, or few, playsPrague, and then stop winning orto London, Unlike studies and research in Geneva, London and whether New York she came back where casinos, s in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due athe systematic and not.

The problem with such strategy is that it eliminates significant gains durin University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying “excitement” of playingbyina the expectation wins.

However, returns in the long ru her work are characterized passion for justice. of Seebig also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: it minimizes the “house edge” as it avoids the cost of many 2015, when this pap G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually plays. The rule of playing until losing a fix amount is invariably new records erasing a 21 11 30 suboptimal as the cost of each additional play favors the casino during 25 this period (t with the result of an inevitable loss in the great majority of cases. versus 676.5 on Marc What is the magnitude of casino gambling costs due to positive is how to retain as m illusions and that of control more specifically? According to the during periods of dow

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

into a single, or few, plays and then stop whether winning or not. The problem with such strategy is that it eliminates the “excitement” of playing in the expectation of big wins. However, it minimizes the “house edge” as it /avoids the cost ofREG. many E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC. ADM.LOC. LOC. DEV. REG. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC. GOV.REG. DEV. E¶. ¶EP. ADM. DEV. REG. R. GOV. DEV. plays. The rule of playing until losing a fix amount is invariably suboptimal as the cost of each additional play favors the casino with the result of an inevitable loss in the great majority of cases.

What is the magnitude of casino gambling costs due to positive illusions and that of control more specifically? According to the Economist article they are huge. Worse, such costs are often paid by people who cannot afford it resulting in negative financial consequences for their By families and themselves.

Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Stock and Other Markets Architect

Unlike significan returns i 2015, wh new reco during th versus 67 is how to during pe is what i not oblig he or sh psycholo Such stra assuming be chose impleme 2015), th market ti

Student of the and School of Architecture There is a big difference between gambling stock markets.

Technical University of Crete In the former, as we saw, it is impossible to win in the long run while in theDefining latter the opposite is true. The long run 1. Introductory approach: theexact concept 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept holds gains for the patient investor is not by ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, who (444 BC - 370influenced BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), illusion of control, believing that profitable stocks or other among otherthe wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the among other wise heritage left us,definition he established aright greattiming the acquisition ofinvestments knowledge starts with the of the of“principle”: concepts. can he be chosen and/or that thecontent to buy or acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term sell can be predicted. Considerable research has shown that such New Fi 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is in a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area Planning) (or Perhaps gentrification beliefs illusory while it isisindicated well-known theofof stock market, 1 (andare gentrification urban gentrification) indicated (in that thefrom area Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal this, (in various area the a at least in advanced countries, grows consistently over the long Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, run (ranging from inetc.

Australia tothis 1.8% in Belgium a that enter ways), of social groups, usually of7.4% low-income and the placement there ofwith artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless world average of 5.4% during the period of 1900–2001, Dimson whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof the 10% whatever other consequences has,itresults rising of that landlong prices (and the 2014), ab et al.,speculation).

2002). However, must bealso understood term may potential relative potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at firstininsome the UK in early making 1960s and refers to and abou mean more than a decade instances, it it necessary The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor fail each to be patient and not be influenced by short term fears or greed the then observed trend of wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas of London, upgrade them, stay themselves and thus old residents are (Makridakis et al., 2010). sometimes there and thus old residents are employee London, upgrade them, stay themselves being indirectly “squeezed”.

In the short term the cost of market losses can be many and creat being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth than ofiscasinos. the 2007–2008 A description ofhigher this phenomenon includedDuring inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth the old. T GLASS at thetimes same period, whilethat similar situations in other Great major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major new firm Recession, global stock market losses exceeded $30 trillion cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

(World Federation of Exchanges, n.d.) scholars with a sizable partits coming Since then, the issue has preoccupied several and for more the site “S Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more on startu comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various from small investors who buy late during periods of booms comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: and sell just before the end of the downturns.

Such a number considera interpretations the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense,comes theof phenomenon is due to a trend of a new of social to the colossal sum of $17,500 for each person on groups earth. 30 questi to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money In addition, there were similarly high losses related to positive and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the • Have illusions, andSociologist moreresidencies specifically to that of control, otherfor markets term from Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruthin GLASS was born in sense1.ofThe safety atcomes the distributed outside town centres, search better Berlin, where than she made her first studies.

Inis1932 she published an important study entitled: • Have that of stocks.

This particularly true in real estate but also services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for • Have in commodity It is and not,car therefore, uncommon foretc. some lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private easier access to markets, studies and research Geneva, markets.

Prague, London New York she came back to London, where in According 1943 she published studies regarding city planning.

In 1950 she became teacher in the to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and • Have people to lose huge fortunes in the hope of greater returns by University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying • Is you downplaying or ignoring uncertainty and risks associated with her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: • Have short term investing, or better gambling in the belief they can G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually predict short term movements in these markets.

• Have 21 31 25 11• Have Stock and other markets are unpredictable in the short and medium term while there are two types of illusions affecting • Have investors. First, they believe that they can correctly predict, say profitable stocks or the right time to buy or sell, events By an

also low order to er choice any skills, “average approach available nning or nates the However, of many nvariably he casino of cases. o positive ng to the ften paid financial

• Have you verified in commodity markets. It is not, therefore, uncommon for some • Have you tested y people to lose huge fortunes in the hope of greater returns by • Is your intellectua downplaying or ignoring uncertainty and risks associated with •REG. Have you estimat short term investing, or/ R.DEC. gambling in the belief they can E¶.A¶.

A¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN. /better R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV. REG. / R.DEC. DEC. LOC. GOV.REG. DEV. E¶.

TO¶.

REG. / R. LOC. GOV. DEV. • Have you determi predict short term movements in these markets.

Stock and other markets are unpredictable in the short and • Have you secured medium term while there are two types of illusions affecting • Have you built yo investors. First, they believe that they can correctly predict, say profitable stocks or the right timePositive to buy or sell, events By answering the illusions: costs/benefits that are actually random, or very close to that. Alternatively, probability that prov they assume that someone else, an expert can do that for chance of success. them. Considerable research has indicated, however, that neither

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard 2015) University, of Design, Student, investors nor experts (Sommer, can Graduate outguess School the markets By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS which in a random “walk” fashion-meaning that the best 5 Architect Frontiersbehave in Psychology | www.frontiersin.org Student of the School of Architecture prediction for the future is today’s price, as postulated by the Technical University of Crete efficient market hypothesis (Fama, 1970) Believing the opposite 1. Introductory approach: Defining concept is an expensive illusion that can result the in great losses that become 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept ANTISTHENIS, the Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), worse during periods ofancient recessions or financial crises.

ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the Unlike casinos, stock and other markets can produce among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. significant gains during periods of boom and consistent positive acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term returns in therefore, the long run.

From March 2009 untilif not the final, middle of 1 (and Based, on this “principle” inindicated a first, approach, the term urban gentrification) is (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 2015, when this paper was written, the stock market reached gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various new records erasing all past losses and more than triple in value Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, of low-income and placement of artists, during this period (theusually S&P 500 was etc.

2,130.8 onthe May 21, 2015there the operation of art galleries, restaurants, However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other has, results alsoand rising land prices (and theof versus 676.5 on consequences March 9, 2009).

The question bigofchallenge otherspeculation). consequences results rising the of land prices (and the potential iswhatever how torelative retain as much of thehas, gains and also minimize losses potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK inthe early 1960s it refers to during periods of downturns.

A strategy exploiting long termand The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refers to the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor isthe what is observed called “buy and hold.”

Assuming theproperty investorinis poor areasofof then trend wealthy people that to there buy London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents are not obliged to “squeezed”. trade hisstay orthemselves her securities for liquidity reasons, London, upgrade them, sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly he or she can avoid selling over influenced by fear or other being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth psychological bias that can lead him or her to irrational actions.

GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities Westerncoupled countries, by other Researchers. portfolio (that is Such instrategy with a well-diversified cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied and for its more assuming that the right stocks cannot beseveral selectedscholars and should Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from be chosen randomly) is the are optimal way to invest and canfrom be thevarious comprehensive approach being summarized below, various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: implemented by buying exchange traded funds (ETFs; Bogle, interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups 2015), that are built assuming inability to predict both the best to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money market as from well as most appropriate and timetiming to travel thethe purlieus to downtown,stocks. where work place is, lack of the

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

markets. the long long run enced by or other termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in to buy or sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: New Firms and Startups of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) that such services Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car access to markets, etc.where studies and researchainnew Geneva, London andmore Neweasier York she cameother back to London, starting firmPrague, demonstrates than any k market, Perhaps in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and the advantages and costs ofshe illusions.

The percentage of firms the long area University informal College of London, where continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work characterized by a passion justice.

See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. enterareand exit the market eachfor year in some countries exceeds m with a that and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 10% of all firms; according to the (SBA Office of Advocacy, , Dimson athe Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually erm may 2014), about 10–12% of firms with employees open each year 2521 11 necessary32 and about 10–12% close. This means that about a 10th of firms or greed fail each year. This is a huge discomfort for the owners and employees of these firms. On the positive side there is renewal be many and creative destruction (Schumpeter, 1950) as the new replaces

hat the stock market, Perhaps starting a new firm demonstrates more than any other stently over the long area the advantages and costs of illusions. The percentage of firms 8% in Belgium with a that enter and exit the market each year in some countries exceeds the 10% of firms; according toREG. the Office ofGOV. Advocacy, f 1900–2001,E¶.

Dimson E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./all / R.DEC. ADM. LOC.DEV. DEV. REG./(SBA / R.DEC. DEC. LOC.GOV. REG.DEV. DEV. R.DEC. ADM. LOC. R. LOC. REG. d that long term may 2014), about 10–12% of firms with employees open each year s, making it necessary and about 10–12% close. This means that about a 10th of firms rt term fears or greed fail each year. This is a huge discomfort for the owners and employees of these firms. On the positive side there is renewal losses can be many and creative destruction (Schumpeter, 1950) as the new replaces the 2007–2008 Great the old. The WSJ Blog (2009) provides a lot of information about xceeded $30 trillion new firms and the chances of success, and makes reference to (Start Up Nation, n.d.) that specializes a sizable part coming the site “Start Up Nation”

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS advice about the various factors requiring g periods of booms on startups, providing Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS to increase the chances of success.Architect It lists urns. Such a number consideration in order By Student of the School of Architecture ach person on earth. 30 questions some of which are the following: Technical University of Crete es related to positive 1. Introductory approach: Defining the • Have you determined howconcept to compete in the market place? ntrol, in other markets 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept • Have you ensured thatphilosopher, you are price(444 competitive? in real estate but also ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the • Have youancient verified that the market is (444 big enough? uncommon among for some among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts.

• Have you tested your marketing and sales plan? of greater returns by acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term Is your property fullyifprotected? risks associated Based, with therefore, 1•(and onintellectual this “principle” inindicated a first, notthe final, approach, the term urban gentrification) is (in area of Planning) (or gentrification •1 (and Have you estimated breakeven? n the belief Sociology they can as well), gentrification urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or as the “refining” of ayour cityisarea, the removal (in various • Have you determined your competitive advantages? kets.

Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, • art Have you secured sufficient funding? able in the short and the operation of galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless • Have you built has, yourresults Website? of illusions whatever affecting other consequences also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the an correctlypotential predict,relative potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UKthe in early Makridakis and Moleskis By answering these questions site 1960s comesand upit refers with to a o buy or sell, events The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor probability that wealthy providespeople a more objective assessment of theof o that. Alternatively, the then observed trend to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents are chance of success. ert can do being that for London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are indirectly “squeezed”. all new isfirms start small only a small being indirectlyPractically, “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon included in the workand of Sociologist Ruth disease ea A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth percentage manage to survive and grow over time, some to reassuran GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other great sizes.

TheResearchers. majority of new however, fail 859 to sense, bu 5 even Junefirms, 2015 | Volume 6 | Article cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more survive more than a few years obliging their owners to stop diseases h Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized operations or go into bankruptcy.

Given the from small chance of and the h comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: successthedoes it make sense to start a the newfollowing: firm? What can be the diagn interpretations phenomenon In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new category of social groups asserted is that without over optimism few would a to cause s to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: highdare coststo instart money new firm they knew the high chance of failure.

But inis,practically and time to travel fromifthe purlieus to downtown, where work place lack of the authors o 1.

The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS wasbetter born most cases, such chance is downplayed or ignored by in sense of safety at the distributed residencies outside town centres, search even for Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: “Gener services of health, education, entertainment the before heart ofand thewho city”,know (possibly) founders who have started and“at failed well Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for neither lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies and research in Geneva, and New York she came London, where the chances of Prague, failure.London Unrealistic optimism isback thetofoundation in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and numbe on which newwhere firms are established.

For the owners who fail, University informal College of London, she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See positive illusions are detrimental asalso: theyCOLLINS have toENGLISH face theDICTIONARY. financial and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Yet, d and psychological harm of bankruptcy.

For society as a whole, G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually many fam however, positive illusions are beneficial as they fuel creative 21 33 25 11 exploiting destruction and add to the collective progress, increasing the rate of employment and the offering of new innovative products will catch and services. Just consider three newly founded firms, Google, expectanc Facebook, and Alibaba. Their market capitalization approached of reassu

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

neither overall nor for the chances of failure. Unrealistic optimism is the foundation number of new diagn on which new firms are established. For the owners who fail, positive illusions are detrimental as they have to face the financial Yet, despite evide E¶.A¶.

A¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP. AN./ R.DEC. /of R.DEC. ADM.LOC. LOC. DEV. REG./ R. / R. DEC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG. DEV. and psychological harm bankruptcy.

For society as a whole, E¶.

TO¶.

AN. ADM. DEV. REG. DEC. LOC. DEV. however, positive illusions are beneficial as they fuel creative many family physician destruction and add to the collective progress, increasing the exploiting the “illusi rate of employment and the offering of new innovative products will catch health prob and services. Just consider three newly founded firms, Google, expectancy. Accordin Facebook, and Alibaba. Their market capitalization approached of reassurance” in th $815 billion on May 19, 2015 (Google Finance, 2015). This billion a year as abou amount probably compensates for all firms that have failed while annual checkups. In be additional harm c at the same time these three firms have provided new, C. innovative

By Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS radiation Harvard University, Graduate Schoolpeople of Design, Student, and over tr services to the whole world.

Without over confidence

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect actions (Consumer R would have been deprived of Googling, being able to keep in Student of the School of Architecture et al., 2007) doctor Gi constant touch with friends and acquaintances or trading safely Technical University of Crete with the world using Alibaba. These benefits compensate for test results make peo Introductory approach: the1.costs of individual firmsDefining failing the andconcept the hardship of their hazardous to your he 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC,medical Athens),care. founders.

ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage hecreative left us, he established great “principle”: the According to O’Do Societal progress requires destruction to areplace the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. tests were recommen old with theofnew.

Founders ofwith newthefirms are extremely useful acquisition knowledge starts the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term 70% of all USA wom as they contribute toon such creative destruction. minimize orPlanning) 1 (and urban Based, therefore, this “principle” inindicated a first, To if (in not final, approach, the term gentrification) is the area of gentrification billion(or in 1 (and avoid the as harm from failure, founders must bethe aware the odds gentrification urban gentrification) isarea, indicated (inofthe area of Planning) (or 2010. O’D Sociology well), as the “refining” of a city removal from this, (in various rates of screening, st as well), as the “refining” ofget a city area, from this, of (inartists, various ofSociology failure so that they should caught by surprise and ways), of social groups, usually of not low-income andthe theremoval placement there estimated ways), of social groups, of low-income andashamed thethis placement of artists, the operation of the art galleries, restaurants, However “change”, regardless of costs that instead adopt rightusually mentality notetc. feeling if theythere the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of however, ther whatever other consequences results of valuable land pricesToday, (and the become bankrupt but considerhas, that they also haverising gained whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). of any screening, at experience that can become useful in the future. In addition potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and itthat refers to the potential ha theyThe should have a plan B is sofound that they areinnot totally financially term gentrification atpeople first the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of wealthy to buy property in poor Newsline Medicine ruined.

In our days founders are not sometimes required putproperty down their the then observed trend wealthy people totothere buy in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof 2012) “Mammograph own money or“squeezed”. that of stay family/friends to start their London, upgrade them, themselves sometimes therebusiness and thusas old residents are being indirectly states: being indirectly “squeezed”. venture capital and sites like Kickstarter (Kickstarter, n.d.) can A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth description ofperiod, thisstartups. phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at thepromising same while similar in other major helpAfinance

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

GLASS at the same period, situations were recorded in other “Ifmajor we wish to redu cities in Western countries, bywhile othersimilar Researchers. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

Since then, Medicine the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for itsnothing more as effective a Preventive Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its themore risk of getting comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from Are the potential benefits of preventive medical tests greater than comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various continues “We have interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: the (including monetary costs) cause?

In this interpretations the phenomenon of thecategory following: and tonsillectomies a Inharm a sense, theof phenomenon is due togentrification, a they trend may of a new of social groups section we will answer this question by concentrating on three to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money sections, although th preventive tests: from general women, and time to travel the checkups, purlieus to mammography downtown, wherefor work place is, lackWe of the have also epide term from Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbecause born inpeople seem sense ofThe safety atcomes the outside town centres, better and 1. prostate tests fordistributed men.Sociologist We residencies will show that preventive medicine Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,movements (possibly) interested isYouth another illusioneducation, which makes people believe they can defeat Unemployment.

The same year she left Germany and after continuous for in living.” lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies and Geneva, Prague, London and New sheanalysis came back disease andresearch extendin their life expectancy, but inYork final itto London, where in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and Mammography sc causes more harm than benefits overall.

University College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying herYearly work are characterized by a passion for justice.

See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. that could be spent checkup examinations started in the early 1920s and and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: research). have continued since then, although many studies going back G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually The actual

34

to the 1960s have shown no benefits from them (Mehrotra et al., 2007). According to the independent Cochrane Foundation (Krogsboll et al., 2012) “General health checks involve multiple tests in a person who does not feel ill with the purpose of finding

$7.8 billion in 2010 ( 2521 11 that such cost will e 40 and 84 years-old $2.6 billion if it is res

disease and extend their life expectancy, but in final analysis it Mamm causes more harm than benefits overall.

Yearly checkup examinations started in the early 1920s and that coul E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC. ADM. LOC. DEV.REG. REG./many / R.DEC. DEC. LOC.GOV. GOV. REG. DEV. research) E¶.

AN. ADM. LOC. DEV. R. LOC. REG. DEV. have continued since then, although studies going back to the 1960s have shown no benefits from them (Mehrotra $7.8 billio et al., 2007). According to the independent Cochrane that such Positive illusions:Foundation costs/benefits (Krogsboll et al., 2012) “General health checks involve multiple 40 and 8 tests in a person who does not feel ill with the purpose of finding $2.6 billio l and only a small disease early, preventing disease from developing, or providing over time, some to reassurance.... To many people, health checks intuitively make sense, but experience from screening programs for individual 6 rms, however, fail to Frontiers in Psychology | www.frontiersin.org By Mr. George-Sp. C.smaller ATHANASOPOULOS benefits may be than expected their owners to stop diseases have shown that the Harvard University, Graduate School Design,checks Student, is the small chance of and the harms greater. A possible harm fromofhealth

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect thatSchool were not destined w firm? What can be the diagnosis and treatment of conditions Student of the of Architecture final conclusion the would dare to start a to cause symptoms or death” (p. 2). TheTechnical University of of Crete ure. But in practically authors of this study is: 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept or ignored even by 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greekdid philosopher, “General health checks not reduce morbidity or mortality, e and who knowANTISTHENIS, well the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great neither overall nor for cardiovascular or cancer causes, although the the sm is the foundation among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. the number of new diagnoses increased” (p.

2). the owners who fail, therefore, acquisition of knowledge starts with thewas the content of concepts.

Based, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term ve to face thegentrification financial gentrification) area of Planning) (or 1 (and Yet, despite evidence against routine examinations, urban gentrification) isarea, indicated (in annual thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or or society asSociology agentrification whole, as well), as the “refining” of a city the removal (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various many family physicians recommend them (Mehrotra et al., 2007) of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, as they fuelways), creative ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, exploiting the “illusion ofetc. reassurance” that a preventive test the operation of art galleries, restaurants, However “change”, regardless of gress, increasing the the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the will catch health problems early, reduce disease and increase life w innovative products whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). expectancy.

According to these authors the cost of the “illusion unded firms, potential Google, relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s at andaround it refers$8 to of reassurance” in the been estimated talization approached The term gentrification found atUSA first inhas the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy people to buy property in poor billion atrend year about 8%sometimes of the doctor visits in the USA are for the This then observed of wealthy people to there buy property in poor areas Finance, 2015).

London, upgrade them, stayas themselves and thus old residents areof annual checkups.

In addition to the there monetary cost, could London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes and thus oldthere residents are that have failed while being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. be additional harm caused by checkups that include pointless A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth vided new, innovative A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere theinrecorded work of Sociologist Ruth and over similar treatment resulting unnecessary medical GLASS same while in other major er confidence peopleat theradiation GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Western countries, by otherReport, Researchers. actions (Consumer 2012). In his NYT article (Welch being able tocities keepininin cities countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since Western then, the issue has several scholars and explain for its more et al., 2007) doctorpreoccupied Gilbert Welch and his coauthors how nces or trading safely Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from test results make people sick and why visiting a doctor can be efits compensate for comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: to youris health. iscategory to avoidofallsocial preventive the phenomenon the following: the hardship interpretations ofIntheir a sense,hazardous theof phenomenon dueof togentrification, aTheir trend advice of a new groups medical care. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money According to O’Donoghue et al. (2014) annual mammography and time from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the uction to replace theto travel 1.

The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS wasbetter born tests were recommended for all women older than 40, within sense of safety at the distributed residencies outside town centres, search for are extremely useful Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services education, entertainment “at the heart the city”, (possibly) 70% of all women participating anof annual cost of $7.8for Youth Unemployment.

The USA same year she left Germany and at after continuous movements tion. To minimize orof health, lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research inin Geneva, London andet New she came back to London, 2010.Prague, O’Donoghue al.York (2014) assuming different be aware of the odds billion in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and ratesof of screening, starting ageherand 1 versus years intervals, University College London, where she continued social research.2brokers Her public and ught by surprise and informal long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice.

See also: DICTIONARY. estimated costs thatdepreciation ranged from $2.6COLLINS topart $10ENGLISH billion annually. ling ashamed ifselling they and real estate, etc., for the initially of of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Today, however, there is an intense debate regarding the value Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm have gaineda valuable variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually of any screening, at any cost, with those opposing it saying e future. In addition 252135 11 not totally financially that the potential harm is greater than the benefits (Science red to put down their Newsline Medicine (2015). Gøtzsche in his book (Gotzsche, tart their business as 2012) “Mammography Screening: Truth, Lies, and Controversy”

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

f the odds prise and ed if they d valuable addition financially own their usiness as n.d.) can

billion in 2010. O’Donoghue et al. (2014) assuming different rates of screening, starting age and 1 versus 2 years intervals, estimated costs that ranged from $2.6 to $10 billion annually.

Today, however, there an intense debate regarding theLOC. value E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.

AYT.¶EP. ¶EP. AN./is / R.DEC. ADM.LOC. LOC. DEV. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC. LOC. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

AYT. AN. R.DEC. ADM. DEV. REG. GOV. of any screening, at any cost, with those opposing it saying that the potential harm is greater than the benefits (Science Newsline Medicine (2015). Gøtzsche in his book (Gotzsche, 2012) “Mammography Screening: Truth, Lies, and Controversy” states:

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

“If we wish to reduce the incidence of breast cancer, there is nothing as effective as avoiding getting mammograms. It reduces

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS the risk of getting breast cancer by one-third.” and later he Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, eater than continues “We have had devastating of hysterectomies Byepidemics Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect e? In this and tonsillectomies and we currently have an epidemic Student of of Cesarean the School of Architecture on three sections, although these operations may lead to substantial harm.University of Crete Technical r women, We have also epidemics of mastectomies and prostatectomies 1.because Introductory approach: Defining the concept medicine people seem to be more worried about dying than they are 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept ANTISTHENIS, the(p.ancient interested in living.”

349) Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), can defeat ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the analysis it among among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts.

Mammography screening also requires a hugeofmonetary cost acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term couldtherefore, spentonon more beneficial causes (e.g., cancer 1920s and thatBased, 1be this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in not final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 research).

The actual dollar cost of screening in the USA was oing back Sociology gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom area of Planning) (or as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal this, (in various $7.8 billion in 2010 (O’Donoghue et al., 2014) and is estimated Mehrotra ways), Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), ofand social groups, usually of low-income andwomen thethis placement there of artists, that such cost will exceed $10 billion all between oundation the Makridakis Moleskis operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.ifHowever “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless other consequences has, results also rising land prices 40 and 84 years-old are tested.

However, it can be of reduced to (and theof e multiple whatever whatever other consequences results also rising land prices (and the relative $2.6 billion if itspeculation). is restricted tohas, women of 50–69 and of it is done of finding potential potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to biannually (O’Donoghue etfound al., 2014). hisandWars The term gentrification atpeople firstGotzsche in the UK (2012) in early in 1960s itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor book cites a paper by Wainer (2011) which goes beyond monetary Wars are, the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areofindeed, infl estimates and “squeezed”. calculates the overall cost of extending one London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there 6and thuslife old residents 6 being June 2015 | Volume | Article 859 massiveare cost to the ta indirectly being indirectly “squeezed”. by mammography tests at $329,000 if the harm of screening is A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist this Ruth section, the cost A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major included.

Iraq) will be appraise GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

Prostate cancer tests for men are also common as it is leading to these wars cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, issue has several scholars for its more estimated that the close to 52% ofpreoccupied men are tested annually at a and cost Union Address, US P Since then, the issue has several scholars andthe for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from various reaching half a billion for Medicare patients alone in the USA authorize comprehensive approach are being summarized from the variousmilitary act interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: (Wang et al., 2014).

Richard Ablin, the inventor of the PSA test interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: thegroups US can defeat th In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social used to diagnose prostate cancer, in his book (Ablin, 2014) The ground to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in moneywar in the M Great Prostate Hoax and time to travel fromstates: the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack the State of the of Islamic 1.

The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS the wasbetter born in sense of safety at the distributed residencies outside town centres, for Iraq war that was Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) (Sanger and “TheUnemployment. ability of the PSA test toyear identify men with prostate cancer is Youth The same she left Germany and after continuous movements for Burns, 20 lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from car access to markets, studies andbetter research in Geneva, London New York she came back to London, where State wil slightly than that of Prague, flipping a private coin.and And itseasier continued use theetc.

Islamic in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and as a routine tool is nothing short of asocial national health Secretary University Collegescreening of London, where she continued her research.

Her public andDonald Ru long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying herdisaster” work are (p. characterized by ahe passion for justice.

Seethe also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. 6). And later continues “Among 1,000 men who foresight and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in to see how l 10th edit.

AND Ltd. London WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: had theWil. PSA test, 20 SONS of them would have radical2009. prostatectomies for cost half the lives, w G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually cancers that never would have caused symptoms. And five of those The Iraq war was dec 36 men would have lifelong complications, including impotence and 2521 11 an easy victory, (b) th incontinence.” (p. 45)

Later in his book, Ablin writes that if the probability of men

troops as “liberators” Saddam Hussein’s gov

the Islam Secretary foresight cost half The Iraq w an easy vi troops as Saddam H Later in his book, Ablin writes that if the probability of men (after exh dying from prostate cancer is 3% a year, that of surviving a reality pro diagnosis of prostate cancer is 97% whether he receives treatment talks of th or not. Then why should a man be screened if the harm of false war.

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS diagnosis is Harvard 30 to 100 times the estimated benefit, resulting in University, Graduate School of Design, Student, A NY less than 0.1% reduction in George-Sp. prostate mortality over 10Architect years? $1.7 trillio

By Mr. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Student of thebecause School of His conclusion is that the screening is done ofArchitecture financial war veter Technical University Crete interests as it increases the number of additional testsofand over the n prostatectomies.

He asserts: 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept that the w 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, have con ANTISTHENIS, theradical ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 Athens), among other wise heritage he prostatectomies, left us, he established a half great “principle”: the number w “Without more than of -all theBC, urology among other wise heritage he leftthe us, he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge with of concepts. the and hum practice instarts the US would godefinition belly-up.” (p.the 42)content acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or disability gentrification 1 A lot of research has shown that the potential benefits gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or billion wh Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various of preventive medicine are illusory and that the harm Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, Worse sti ways), of social groups, of low-income and placement of artists, involved is usually considerably greater thanthe whatever thethere advantages. the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of dollar ma the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has,who results alsofrom risingmedical of land prices (andand theof indicate a Unfortunately those profit checkups whatever other consequences results also rising need of land the potential relative speculation). screening exploit thehas, human psychological to prices reduce(and future no benefi potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is the found at first inthat the UK in early 1960s and it refers to uncertainty by false claim preventive medicine identifies The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto had staye the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor potentialtrend health problems early so that property they can inbepoor dealtareas withof have allow the then observed wealthy sometimes people to there buy London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents are before they become more serious.

The monetary cost and theare US firms London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents being indirectly “squeezed”. additional harm, however, is much greater the benefits being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work than of Sociologist Ruth selling a A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth to China requiring a rational approach and a realization that it is illusory GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other to believe that futureResearchers. disease can be predicted correctly and investmen cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several andone’s for its more end up “o consequently that actions can be taken scholars to improve chances Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from of a healthier and life expectancy.

Objective research comprehensive approach are longer being summarized from the various without h interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: has shown that uncertainty cannot be eliminated by preventive interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups Krauss, 20 medicine that has an opposite effect than that intended, and The Ir to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money causes much more harm than gains.

Nature’s predispositions war in A and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the 1.

The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS was born in about our health cannot be predicted.

The uncertainty of when sense of safety at the distributed residencies outside town centres, search for better drive the Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, “at thedeath heart will of the city”,cannot (possibly) disease is likely entertainment to strike and when occur be Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for bin Laden lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies and research in Geneva, York she(the came back to London, where 9/11 catas eliminated withPrague, any London degreeand of New certainty exception being in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and our own feeling of how we feel, see section on SRH above) University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and USA and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized a passion for justice.

See also:medical COLLINS tests.

ENGLISH DICTIONARY. at least at by present with preventive The critical Soviets w and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: question of what can be done is considered in the concluding G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually estimated section. $40 billio 252137 11 slightly better than that of flipping a coin. And its continued use as a routine screening tool is nothing short of a national health disaster” (p. 6). And later he continues “Among the 1,000 men who had theAN. PSA/ R.DEC. test, 20 ADM. of them would have radical prostatectomies for DEV. E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. E¶. / R.DEC. ADM. LOC. cancers that never would have caused symptoms. And five of those men would have lifelong complications, including impotence and incontinence.” (p. 45)

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

Frontiers in Psychology | www.frontiersin.org

7

12) in his monetary g one life reening is

Positive illusions: costs/benefits E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

WarsDefinition, GENTRIFICATION Types of Intervention,

Wars are, indeed, influenced the most by positive illusions at a massive cost to the taxpayers and with grave human suffering. In this section, the cost of three wars (Vietnam, Afghanistan, and Iraq) will be appraised and the optimistic predictions of victory n as it is leading to these wars will be presented. In his 2015 State of the

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS y at a cost Union Address, US President Barack Obama asked Congress to Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, the USA authorize military action against Islamic State extremists, saying

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect e PSA test the US can defeat them without being “dragged into Student of theanother School of Architecture 2014) The ground war in the Middle East” (NBC News, 2015).

Ironically Technical University of Crete the Islamic State of Iraq (ISI) was created after the “end” of 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept the 1.Iraq war that was started by President Bush in March 2003 Introductory approach: the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), (Sanger and Burns, 2003).

How reliable is Obama’s assertion that ancer is ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the ued use the Islamic State will be defeated?

An aide to former Defense among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the health Secretary Donald Rumsfeld confessed that “ififwe had had the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, not final, approach, the term men who 1 Based,totherefore, on this a first, not final, approach, the term foresight see how long it “principle” would last isin and evenifif(in it would have (and urban gentrification) indicated the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or mies for gentrification Sociology well), as the a city done area, the this, (in various cost half as the lives, we “refining” would notof have it” removal (Trotta,from 2013). of those Sociology as well), as the “refining” of (a) a city area, removal fromthere (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theassessments placement The Iraq war was declared based on optimistic ofthis, of nce and ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this and “change”, an operation easy victory, (b) that Iraqis would consider the US alliedregardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof troops as “liberators” and (c) onhas, the false belief Iraqi whatever otherspeculation). consequences results alsothat rising ofdictator land prices (and the potential relative Saddam Hussein’s government held weapons of mass destruction potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to ty of men (after search such atstockpiles found).

The Theexhaustive term gentrification iswealthy found first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofno people to were buy property in poor urviving a reality the then observed trend wealthy people to there buy property in poor areas proved quite different as described

by Stewart (2007), London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thuswho old residents areof treatment being London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are indirectly “squeezed”. talks of the anarchy that begun just 6 months after the start of the m of false war. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth sulting in GLASS at thearticle same while similar in other major A NYT estimates that the situations US war inwere Iraqrecorded has cost GLASS at the same period, while similar situations in other major in Western countries, by other Researchers.

10 years? cities $1.7 trillion withcountries, an additional $490 billion in benefits owed to cities in Western bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more f financial war veterans, figure thathas would grow to more than $6 trillion Since then,a the issue preoccupied several scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from tests and over the next four decades (Trotta, 2013).

This article also asserts comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of thecategory following: that warthe has killed at least 134,000 Iraqiofcivilians and may In athe sense, phenomenon is due togentrification, a trend a new of social groups to “return” to the city, the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money have contributed toleaving the deaths of as many as four times that urology and time to travel from the purlieus downtown, where work place is, lack of the number without counting securitytoforces, insurgents, journalists 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, and humanitarian workers. In addition, the1912-1940.

US medical and Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,movements Youth Unemployment. same year she a leftdecade Germany after continuous disability claims forThe veterans after ofand war totaled $33 (possibly)for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, l benefits billion while 2toyears later, that number had risen to $134.7 billion. in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the another approach, the is due a systematic and he harm long-term University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public and Worse still, it estimates that such claims will exceed the billion informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. dvantages. and dollar mark atestate, the end ofAND second decade.

These estimates selling realCOLLINS etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: kups and aindicate Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm variety aofhuge ways, in orderand to achieve the “assisted”, (actually monetary humanitarian cost with“voluntary”, practically uce future no benefits as the ISI would not have existed if Saddam Hussein 38 2521 11 identifies had stayed in power. Moreover, the objective that the war would dealt with have allowed the USA to control Iraq’s oil never happened. As t and the US firms left the area because of increased insecurity, Iraq started

Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

e potential benefits billion while 2 years later, that number had risen to $134.7 billion. nd that the harm Worse still, it estimates that such claims will exceed the billion ever the advantages. dollar mark at the end of the second decade. These estimates E¶.A¶.

A¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP. AN. / R.DEC. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC. LOC. GOV. REG.DEV. DEV. dical checkups and E¶.

TO¶. / R.DEC. ADM. LOC. GOV. REG. indicate aAN. huge monetary and humanitarian cost with practically need to reduce future no benefits as the ISI would not have existed if Saddam Hussein e medicine identifies had stayed in power. Moreover, the objective that the war would ey can be dealt with have allowed the USA to control Iraq’s oil never happened. As onetary cost and the US firms left the area because of increased insecurity, Iraq started er than the benefits selling a sizable and growing percentage of its oil production ion that it is illusory to China which is providing drilling technology and capital dicted correctly and investments to the country. If current trends continue, China will By part Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS mprove one’s chances end up “owning” a good of Iraq’s oilC.production facilities Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, . Objective research without having to fight a multitrillion dollar war (Arango and

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect inated by preventive Krauss, 2013).

Student of the School of Architecture that intended, and The Iraq war was not the first to costTechnical trillions University of dollars.ofThe Crete ure’s predispositions war in Afghanistan started in October 2001 with the goal to Introductory approach: the concept uncertainty of 1. when drive the TalibanDefining from power, because they had allowed Osama 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept ANTISTHENIS, theand ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), will occur cannot be bin Laden al Qaeda, to hit the World Trade Center in the ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the the exceptionamong beingother 9/11 catastrophe.

Ironically, to fight the fundamentalists that the wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the ion on SRH acquisition above) USA andonSaudi Arabia trained financed to the of knowledge starts with had theindefinition of the content ofcombat concepts.

Based, therefore, this “principle” a first, ifand not final, approach, the term al tests. Thegentrification critical 1 Soviets who had invaded Afghanistan in the December 1979.theIt term is Makridakis and Based, therefore, on Moleskis this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in not final, approach, (and urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or d in the concluding gentrification the US Arabia provided more than Sociology as estimated well), as thethat “refining” of aand citySaudi area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as$40 well), as the “refining” of a city and area, the from this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of andmoney theremoval placement there billion worth of low-income weapons to the fundamentalist ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operationMujahideen of art galleries, restaurants, “change”, regardless over the courseetc. of However their warthis against the Soviets, withof number o the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other results rising of land prices (and theof part consequences of the money has, used to set also up thousands of fundamentalist whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the suicide an potential relative speculation).

7relative June 2015 | Volume 6 | Article 859 Islamic religious schools Afghan potential speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first(Madrassas) in the UK infor earlythe 1960s and it refugee refers to trauma be children flooding into Pakistan that consequently became theofto South Vie The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refers the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend wealthy people to there buy property in poor areas majorthem, recruiting basis for sometimes the Taliban (Visalli, 2013).

London, upgrade stay of themselves and thus old residents areof North 900 London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents being indirectly “squeezed”.

The Americans believed that they could do better than theare The ill being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this is included work of their Sociologist Ruth a war and Soviets, andphenomenon the British before them,ininthe achieving objectives A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the while similar in other2009) major in same Afghanistan which according to Obama (DeYoung, controlled GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. included (a) “create a country stable and strong enough to the three cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more prevent al-Qaeda reoccupying Afghan” and (b)the being Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for various itsable more meaning comprehensive approach arefrom being summarized below, from “to disrupt, dismantle and defeat al-Qaida.”

Reality shattered wasting a comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: “irresistible as it of is ashown in an of article the improve t In a sense,their theof phenomenon isillusion” dueof togentrification, a trend new socialin groups to “return” toLondon the city,Book leaving the purlieus for several reasons: in money Review (Stewart, 2009). The USAhigh wascosts obliged, like and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, placeAfghanistan is, lack of the the British and the Soviets before where them,work to leave termat from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, for Conclu 13 comes years later, at the end of 2014, after having paidGLASS a huge price Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,movements Youth Unemployment.

The same year Germany and afterThe continuous both monetarily and she in left human suffering. longest (possibly) overseasfor Resear lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc. studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, history war has cost the USA alone, one trillion andwhere itthe in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in to another approach, the is due a dollars systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and This pape would require spending several hundred billion dollars extra in long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. the futureetc., forfor the 10,000 soldiersinitially remaining inof the country andin stock and and selling real estate, the depreciation of part the urban web, 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of medical ways, inand order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, disability expenses for war veterans.

These (actually costs do medicine positive il not include interest payments for the increased debt caused by 252139 11 the Afghan war or the extra pension expenses of the military avoiding i associated with this war. The human cost of the war has been huge redu more than 20,000 dead soldiers and contractors, almost 100,000 there cou

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

history war has cost the USA alone, one trillion dollars and it would require spending several hundred billion dollars extra in This paper has cons the future for the 10,000 soldiers remaining in the country and stock and other mar E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.

AYT. ¶EP.AN. AN. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM. LOC. DEV.REG. REG. / R.DEC. DEC. LOC. GOV. REG.DEV. DEV.as well as E¶. ¶EP. / R.DEC. LOC. DEV. / R. LOC. REG. medicine medical andAYT. disability expenses for war veterans.

These costs doGOV. not include interest payments for the increased debt caused by positive illusions. It h the Afghan war or the extra pension expenses of the military avoiding illusions enc associated with this war. The human cost of the war has been huge reductions in mo more than 20,000 dead soldiers and contractors, almost 100,000 there could be some injured and with medical problems and 875,000 disability claims. illusions. What we m Sadly, no one, even the strongest supporters of the war, has illusions while avoidin claimed any benefits. though psychologicall Bystory Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS The war in Vietnam is another sad with an extraordinary to strike a balance be Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, cost, the illusion of great benefits and no actual ones. At the them for each case as

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect time the loss of South Vietnam to the communist was of Architecture We live in an un Student ofNorth the School feared by US policy makers that it would createTechnical a domino with ensuing unc University ofthe Crete effect for other countries like Laos and Cambodia but then also anxiety and involves 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Thailand, Malaysia,approach: Singapore, and even to fall next with. Whether or no 1. Introductory Defining the Indonesia concept (444 ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC - 370 BC,by Athens), under communist domination. Most ironically, it is communism being dressed app ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the that has totally collapsed and countries like China and Russia eliminating the risk o among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the that weretherefore, supporting in the its indefinition war withif of the USA have ofthe being acquisition of knowledge starts with the content of concepts.

Based, on Vietnam this “principle” a first, not final, approach, termprepared is 1 abandoned communism and“principle” seen the greatest in their overestimate the cha Based, therefore, on this inindicated a first,increase if (in notthe final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification number ofas billionaires.

Furthermore, Vietnam Chinafrom have The uncertainty of in Sociology well), as the “refining” of a city area, theand removal this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of claiming a city area, the fromthere this,losing (inartists, various ways), of bitter social groups, usually of low-income and theremoval placement of become enemies as both are part of the South money is more ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, “change”, of opportunit China Sea thought to contain rich etc. oil However reserves this (LSE Ideas, regardless significant the operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However this “change”, regardless of whatever other has, results rising of land prices (and the n.d.). however, to balance whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation).

US involvement in Vietnam started in the 1950s, not long goes down and not i potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to after the French left theofregion. was increased inearly the 1960s early investment strateg The term gentrification iswealthy foundIt atpeople first in the UK in andofitareas refersofto the then observed trend to buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to there buy property in poor areas 1960s and was them, elevated regular US combat units were never beofrisk free. T London, upgrade staywhen themselves sometimes and thus old residents are London, upgrade them, stay themselves there and old residents deployed in 1965 (Alpha History, n.d.). sometimes It was expanded intothus Laos anotherare uncertainty w being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. description and of this phenomenon included the work of Sociologist Ruth andA Cambodia was peaked in is 1968 wheninNorth Vietnam risk in such case is hu A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS atthe theTet same while similar in other major launched Offensive that failed inincluded its goal of overthrowing the best strategy in th GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. the South Vietnamese government convinced a large segment screening and not ev cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied otherbut Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more of the US population that winning the war was illusoryscholars despite the Even though such str Since then, the issue has several andthe for its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from various massive US spending and the heavy losses in dead and injured. followed as the harm comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon of thecategory following: The monetary cost of the is war to around than all their possible In a sense, theof phenomenon duehas togentrification, abeen trendestimated of a new of social groups $145 billion (more than one trillion constant 2015 dollars) able to figure out the to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack the possible, without including medical and disability benefits and interest themofwhere 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, costs that probably double the actual outlays. There is also huge medicine can reduce Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at illusions: the heart of the city”,movements (possibly) Positive costs/benefits human suffering.

It The is estimated that 60,000 US troops our life expectancy.

Youth Unemployment. same year she leftalmost Germany and after continuous for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, were killed, more than 150,000 werecitywounded, 23,000 she suffered teacher Gigerenzer, in his in According 1943 she published studies regarding planning. In 1950 the to another approach, the phenomenon is due tobecame a systematic in and total disability and 2,000 were missing.

A worse statistic was the we must become “ris University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice.

See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. number ofreal 70,000–300,000 Vietnam Veterans who iets, with and selling estate, etc., for the depreciation initially ofcommitted part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: and another 700,000 veterans who suffered psychological mentalist asuicide Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually trauma inbecause of the atrocities of war they experienced.

On the n refugee Frontiers Psychology | www.frontiersin.org 8 40 2521 11 came the South Vietnam side the number of dead was 400,000 and on the North 900,000 (How Much Did the Vietnam War Cost?, 2014).

The illusion of underestimating the real factors surrounding than the

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

inst the Soviets, with number of 70,000–300,000 Vietnam Veterans who committed E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP. AN. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC. DEV.REG. REG. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. ds of fundamentalist E¶.

AN. / R.DEC. DEV. / R. GOV. suicide and another 700,000 veterans who suffered psychological the Afghan refugee trauma because of the atrocities of war they experienced. On the equently became the South Vietnam side the number of dead was 400,000 and on the North 900,000 (How Much Did the Vietnam War Cost?, 2014). i, 2013).

The illusion of underestimating the real factors surrounding d do better than the eving their objectives a war and the optimistic assessment that the situation can be ma (DeYoung, 2009) controlled involves an immense cost and no benefits, at least in d strong enough to the three wars covered in this section. Yet, intelligent and wellMr. George-Sp. C. grave ATHANASOPOULOS causing suffering and n” and (b) being able meaning people believeByotherwise Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, to a.” Reality shattered wasting a large amount of money that could have been used

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect of people in their country. in an article in the improve the lives of a great number Student of the School of Architecture USA was obliged, like Technical University of Crete o leave Afghanistan Introductory approach: Defining the concept for Future Conclusion and Directions ng paid a huge1.price 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, The longest overseas Research ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the rillion dollars and it among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the paper has considered gambling, investing/speculating in llion dollars extra in This acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term stock and other markets, new firms and startups, preventive g in the country and 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban well as of wars asisarea, prime influenced from(or erans. TheseSociology costs do as medicine gentrification gentrification) indicated (in thefrom area of Planning) well), as theas“refining” a city the examples removal this, (in various Sociology aspositive well), asillusions. the “refining” of ashown city area, the removal from this, of (inartists, various It low-income has that accepting uncertainty and eased debt caused by ways), of social groups, usually of and the placement there ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, operationavoiding of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However thisbenefits “change”, regardless illusions encompasses substantial and ensues inof enses of the the military the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof of the war has been huge reductions in monetary costs and harm in general, although whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the relative therespeculation). could be some undeniable benefits from some positive ctors, almostpotential 100,000 potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to illusions.

What we must do in is the exploit the benefits of positive 000 disability claims.

The term gentrification found atpeople first UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor illusions while avoiding their costly, negative consequences even ters of the London, war, has the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves and thus old residents though psychologically thissometimes is difficult.there Ideally, we should be ableare being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. to strike a balance between the benefits costs by estimating with an extraordinary A description of this phenomenon is included in theand work of Sociologist Ruth A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth same whileassimilar situations were recorded in other major them forperiod, each case accurately as possible. actual ones.GLASS At theat the GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities was in WesternWe countries, Researchers. live inbyanother uncertain world and we must accept living mmunist North cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has and for its more with the ensuing uncertainty.

Itseveral is clearscholars that uncertainty ld create a domino Since then, the issue has several scholars andthe for creates its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from various and involves risks. summarized Some uncertainties are easy deal mbodia but then also anxietyapproach comprehensive are being from thetovarious interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: with.

Whether or not it will rain tomorrow can be dealt with ndonesia to fall next interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups by being dressed appropriately and having an umbrella, thus ally, it is communism to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money eliminating the risk oftogetting wet.where If it does rain, the of cost ke China and Russia and time to travel from the purlieus downtown, worknot place is, lack the term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born in sense1. ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, for ofatcomes being prepared is small and acceptable (weather forecasters with the USA have Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: of health, education, “at on the heart of the (possibly) overestimate theentertainment chance ofGermany rain purpose forcity”, thismovements reason).for test increaseservices in their Youth Unemployment.

The same year she left and after continuous lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New stock York she came back London, The uncertainty of investing in the market andtothe risk of nam and China have in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and losingof money is more but not investing could include aand ng part of theUniversity South College London, where she serious continued her social research. brokers Her public long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion forcost justice.

See market also: COLLINS ENGLISH significant opportunity if the up.

Iturban isDICTIONARY. possible, reserves (LSE Ideas, and selling real estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of goes part of the web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: however, to balance the two risks (investing and the market G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually the 1950s, not long goes down and not investing and it goes up) if the right type 2141 creased in the early of investment strategies are followed although investments can25 11 combat units were never be risk free. The possibility of becoming seriously ill is s expanded into Laos another uncertainty with much more serious consequences as the

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

The uncertainty of investing in the stock market and the risk of losing money is more serious but not investing could include a significant opportunity cost if the market goes up. It is possible, E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.

AYT. ¶EP.AN. AN. / R.DEC. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG. / R. DEC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶. ¶EP. ADM. DEC. LOC. however, toAYT. balance the/ R.DEC. two risks (investing and/ R. the market goes down and not investing and it goes up) if the right type of investment strategies are followed although investments can never be risk free. The possibility of becoming seriously ill is another uncertainty with much more serious consequences as the risk in such case is huge and may even lead to death. Ironically the best strategy in this situation is to avoid preventive medical screening and not even go close to a doctor unless feeling sick.

By Mr. George-Sp. C. must ATHANASOPOULOS Even though such strategy seems counter intuitive, it be Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, followed as the harm of preventive screening is much greater

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect than all their possible benefits. The challengeStudent is, therefore, to be of the School of Architecture able to figure out the benefits and costs objectively and quantify Technical University of Crete them where possible, instead of illusory believing that preventive 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept medicine can reduce our chance of disease and increase that of 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, Makridakis and Moleskis our life expectancy.

ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the Gigerenzer, in his book (Gigerenzer, 2014) advocates that among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the we must become “risk savvy” by getting rid of the illusion of acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term certainty, that is the belief that something is sure when actually (7)theSome 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, term (and urban gentrification) area of Planning) (or additional gentrification 1 itgentrification is not. He writes: of this (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or paper1 .

Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various

hina have he South SE Ideas,

not long the early nits were into Laos Vietnam throwing segment espite the njured. o around dollars) d interest also huge US troops suffered c was the

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

8

42

Sociology as well), as the “refining” of aJune city2015 area, the fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and theremoval placement | Volume 6 | Article 859 ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the ““Savvy” operationmeans, of art galleries, restaurants, However thissavvy “change”, regardless of research mu acute, astute, and wise.etc.

But being risk is Future the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of whatever other consequences has, rising land the more than being well-informed.

It results requires also courage to of face an pricesis(and needed to be able whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative uncertain futurespeculation). as well as to stand up to authority and ask critical in more areas than th potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to questions.” (p. 15). byofproviding in The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s anddone itareas refers to the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor government the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof agencies Avoiding the“squeezed”. illusion ofthemselves certainty and not falling victim London, upgrade them, stay sometimes there and thusto old residents medicalare insurance firm being indirectly being indirectly “squeezed”. the huge cost associated with positive illusions would require the A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist costsRuth of medical care A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth following: GLASS at the same while similar in other major Second, much more GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. communicate the hu cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. then, the the issue has severalevents scholars and for its more (1)Since Avoiding bias to believe that chance can be become “risk savvy” Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from various controlled and attribute are our success to our own below, skills while harm of illusions. It comprehensive approach summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenonbeing of gentrification, the following: blaming bad luck for our failures.

This can be best achieved interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: andgroups books. Great effo In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social by attempting to figure out uncertainties correctly in the to do so, even thoug to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money form of probabilities and accurately assessing their long term and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the well-organized and th termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASSbe was born in sense1.impact. ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, for better important to devis Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) (2) Understanding thatsame when playing in casinos and using movements how people Youth Unemployment. The year she left Germany and after continuous for can avoid lower living cost of, “withdrawal” private easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, preventive medicine there isfrom no way thatcar the benefits will be also exploring their be in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and greater thanofthe costswhere on average and inher thesocial longresearch. run. When where the stakes are a University College London, she continued Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by amarkets passion for justice.

See also: COLLINSon ENGLISH DICTIONARY. investing in the stock of advanced countries, the companies and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in and doct 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: other hand, the long term is associated with profits, at least the hundreds of bil G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

until now.

(3) When considering the gains and losses of new firms or startups we need to investigate them on two levels: that of individuals and that at the aggregate, social level. At the

“brave” people writin 2521 11 done by preventive m written not for scien

preventive medicine there is no way that the benefits will be greater than the costs on average and in the long run. When investing in the stock markets of advanced countries, on the E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN. / R.DEC. ADM.LOC. LOC. DEV. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC. LOC. GOV.REG. REG. DEV. E¶. / R.DEC. REG. LOC. GOV. DEV. other hand, theADM. long termDEV. is associated with profits, at least until now.

(3) When considering the gains and losses of new firms or startups we need to investigate them on two levels: that of individuals and that at the aggregate, social level. At the individual level, the great majority of new firms/startups fail. At the aggregate level, however, there are great benefits, even if few firms survive and thrive. For instance Google,

By Mr.market George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Facebook and Alibaba’s, capitalization can probably Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, compensate for the cost of all new firms/startups thatStudent, failed.

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect This may not be a comfort for the individuals who have been Student of the School of Architecture ruined financially but it adds to societal progress and benefits Technical University of Crete humanity as a whole.

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (4) Realizing that for personal or professional interests some 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -they 370 BC, experts do their best to persuade(444 us that can Athens), reduce ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the future uncertainty and that we can benefit from their advice among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the and/or actions.

Thisthe isinnot true ifasof many studies shown. acquisition of knowledge starts with definition the content ofhave concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, not final, approach, the term 1 Experts cannot outperform well-informed individuals or Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification predict better than This also true the(in domain Sociology as well), as the “refining” of athem. city area, theisremoval frominthis, various Sociology as well), the “refining” ofdoctors a city area, from this, (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement there of of as medicine where cannot improve your chances of ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.by However this “change”, of a healthier or longer life preventive measures.regardless The SRH the operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However this “change”, regardless of whatever other has, results rising of land prices (and the studies have come toresults two extremely important conclusions. whatever other consequences has, also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation).

First, that doctors cannot predict more accurately than us potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to how longofiswe willatlive the1960s most important The term gentrification found firstand in the UK in early and itareas refersofto the then observed trend wealthy people tosecondly, buy property in poor factor for aof long life issometimes our own today. the then observed trend wealthy people to disposition buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves there and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay the themselves there and thus residents (5)“squeezed”.

Exploiting benefitssometimes of positive illusions to old improve ourare being indirectly being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the workmood of Sociologist positive thinking and our psychological is criticalRuth in A description ofperiod, thissituations phenomenon included work Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar situations in other major many and is can lead usinwere tothe berecorded betterofmotivated and GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by otherdealing Researchers. persevere when with hardship. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more (6) the Avoiding the negative consequences of positive or Since then, issue has several below, scholars andillusions for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from the minimizing their magnitude can be done by distinguishing comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: between theis short term effectsof social of various In a sense, theof phenomenon dueof togentrification, aand trendlong of a new groups Positive illusions: costs/benefits decisions/actions and in particular realizing the implications to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travelof from purlieus to downtown, where work is, lack of the the the illusion of control by accepting that itplace is impossible to termat comes fromchance Sociologist Ruthand GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS was born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside townthem centres, search for better control events gain from in the long run.

Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: of health, education, entertainment “atshown the heart the city”,movements s sure whenservices actually (7) Some actions are in aof footnote at(possibly) the endfor Youth Unemployment.

Theadditional same year she left Germany and after continuous lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where 1 studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, ofinthis paper .

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where continued her social research. brokers Her public and Frontiers in Psychology | she www.frontiersin.org 9 long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her is work are characterized by a passion for justice. also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. being risk savvy Futureetc., research must follow See four directions.

First, more workin and selling real estate, for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: courage to face an needed to beAbstract. to quantify the cost“voluntary”, of various (actually illusions G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of isways, in order toable achieve the “assisted”, ority and ask critical in more areas than the five covered in this paper. This can be

not falling victim to ns would require the

also explo where the companie the hund “brave” p done by p written n 1

It is critical decisions. So considered i

(a) Gambl on pur Undou second cost-of associa differen dice an memor (b) Stock htm (c) New fi calcula com/ a (d) Preven firms a list of w (most h (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) (viii) (ix)

(e) Wars: theviet

252143 11

done by providing incentives, in the form of research grants, by government agencies as well as non-profit organizations and even medical insurance firms. Doing so could substantially reduce the

of this paper .

avvy isMakridakis and Moleskis Future research must follow four directions. First, more work Positive illusions: costs/benefits ace an isE¶. needed to be¶EP. able to/ R.DEC. the cost ofREG. various illusions A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.

AYT. ¶EP. AN. / quantify R.DEC.ADM. ADM. LOC. DEV. REG. / R.DEC. DEC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

A¶.

AYT. AN. LOC. DEV. / R. LOC. criticalcertainty, that is the belief that something actually in(7)this Somepaper. additional actions are shown in more areas than theis sure fivewhen covered This can be in a footnote at the end

paper . done by providing incentives, in the formofofthisresearch grants, by ““Savvy”government means, acute, astute, and wise. But is agencies as being wellriskassavvy non-profit organizations Future research must and followeven four directions. First, more work more than being well-informed. It requires courage to face an is needed to be able to quantify the cost of various illusions victim to medical insurance so couldin substantially reduce the uncertain future as well as to stand up tofirms. authorityDoing and ask critical more areas than the five covered in this paper. This can be quire the questions.” (p. 15).of medical care by making evident costs the cost incentives, of illusions. done by providing in the form of research grants, by government agencies as well as non-profit Second, much more is needed to find more effective ways to organizations and even Avoiding the illusion of certainty and not falling victim to medical insurance firms. Doing so could substantially reduce the the huge cost associated with positive illusions cost would of require the costsand communicate the huge illusions educate people of medical care by making to evident the cost of illusions. following: Positive illusions: costs/benefits Second, much more is needed to find more effective ways to s can be become “risk savvy” by better understanding the benefits and

By Mr. George-Sp. C.cost ATHANASOPOULOS communicate the huge of illusions and educate people to kills while harm of illusions.

It chance is Harvard notevents enough write academic articles (1) Avoiding the bias to believe that can be tobecome “risk savvy” by better the benefits and University, Graduate School ofunderstanding Design, Student, and attribute our to aour owneffective skills while harm of illusions. is not enough to write academic articles tually (7) controlled Someand additional actions are success shown in footnote at the end Byadvertising Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASSOPOULOS achieved Architect books.

Great effort on willIt C. be needed blamingpaper bad luck Great effort onSchool effective advertising will be needed . for our failures. This can be best achieved and books.

Student of the of Architecture ly in thebyof this to do so, even there willin be opposition from attempting to figure outthough uncertainties correctly the extensive to do so, even though there will be extensive opposition from Technical funded University of Crete form of probabilities accurately assessingFirst, theirmore long term and thoroughly is research must and follow four work well-organized ong termFuture well-organized anddirections. thoroughly funded lobbies. Third, it would lobbies. Third, it would impact.to be able to quantify the cost of various illusions be important to devise and communicate practical strategies of an is needed be 1.important toplaying devise and communicate practical strategies of to positive illusions while Introductory approach: cal (2) Understanding that when in casinos and can using howconcept people can avoid falling victims in more areas than the five covered in this paper.Defining This be the 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept medicine there is no way that the benefits will be also exploring their benefits.

This is true in medicine nd using donepreventive by providing incentives, in the form of research grants, by how people can avoid falling victims to positive illusions while ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370particularly BC, Athens), greater than the costs onas average and in the long run.

When where the stakes are as vast as -the profits of Athens), big pharmaceutical government agencies as well non-profit organizations and even ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, fits willmedical beinvesting alsoin exploring their benefits.

This particularly true in medicine among other wise heritage he left he established a great “principle”: the im to thefirms. stock markets advanced countries, onisus, the insurance Doing so of could substantially reduce the companies and doctors, exploiting people’s illusions, are in among other wise he left us,definition he hundreds established a great “principle”: re theWhen knowledge starts with the content concepts. hand, the long term is associated with profits, at least un. the ofthe billions each of year.

Finally, the the number of where the stakes areheritage asthe vast as the profits of bigofpharmaceutical costsother of acquisition medical care byof making evident cost of illusions. until much now. acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content concepts. “brave” people writing books andofarticles exposing the harm Second, more is needed to find more effective ways to Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term es, on (3) theWhencompanies and doctors, illusions, are in must be multiplied considering and losses of exploiting new firms orto people’s done preventive screening and communicate the huge the cost of illusions andthis educate people 1gains Based, therefore, on “principle” inindicated a by first, if (in notmedical final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification s, at startups wesavvy” need to them on two that of written an be least not for scientists but for of the general public who must the hundreds of billions each year.

Finally, the number become “risk by investigate better understanding thelevels: benefits and 1 gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or asnot astothe “refining” ofthe a cityisarea, the removal (in various individuals andItthat atwell), the aggregate, social level. At while harm of Sociology illusions. isand enough write academic articles Makridakis Moleskis “brave” people writing books and articles exposing the harm Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various level, the great majority of new firms/startups ieved and individual ways), social groups, usually and the placement there ofinformation artists,to base our books.

Great of effort on effective advertising willof be low-income needed It is critical to utilizing independent sources to obtain decisions.

Some these placement independent sources for eachof of artists, the five areas being fail.so,At theoperation aggregate level, however, there are great benefits, done byofpreventive medical screening must beofmultiplied andthere nfirms the toor do even though there begalleries, extensive opposition from etc. ways), social groups, usually of low-income and the the ofwill art restaurants, However this “change”, regardless of considered in this paper are the following: if few and firmsthoroughly survive and thrive.lobbies.

For instance Google, funded Third, it would s:term thatwell-organized ofeven whatever the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of written not for scientists but for the general public who must other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the Facebook and Alibaba’s, market capitalization probablyof (a) Gambling and casinos: there are two types of gambling those that depend be important to devise and communicate practicalcan strategies whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the l. At how thecompensate on pure and those time that involve of chance and skills. potential speculation). understand of theillusions harm involved.

At chance the same thea combination therelative costthe of victims allextent new to firms/startups that failed. using people can for avoid falling positive while Acknowledgm Undoubtedly, it is easier to know the cost of losing in the first case than in the potential relative speculation). may not beterm a comfort for is the individuals who have been will be alsoThis exploring their benefits.

This particularly true in medicine 1 The gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to s/startups second.

For casino playing instance government agencies regulating the to pharmaceutical companies It is critical to utilizing independent obtain information to for base ourthe site http://getgamblingfacts.ca/ ruined financially butvast it adds to societal progress andsources benefits When where thethe stakes are as as the profits of big pharmaceutical cost-of-play/ provides specific information for allit casino games and the cost The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and refers to then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of decisions.

Some of these independent sources for each of with theinforming five“play” areas and doctors’ lobbies must become more active, the provides The the authors li humanity asthe adoctors, whole. associated each whilebeing Wikipedia probabilitieswould for onbenefits, the companies and exploiting people’s illusions, are in thethatthen observed trend of wealthy people totypes buy property in poor areas ofblackjack, different of gambling various types of are poker, London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there andgames thusincluding old residents considered in this paper are the following: (4) for personal or professional interests some the Realizing hundreds of billions each year.

Finally, the number of et least Google, people accurately about thethey harm of preventive screening his helpful dice and medical others.

However, in some of these games psychology, personality and London, upgrade stay themselves there and thus old residents are comments experts do their best to persuade us that canthereduce being indirectly “squeezed”. “brave” people writing books andthem, articles exposing harm sometimes memory may be as important as knowing the probabilities. probably and saving both hundreds of billions of dollars, as well as millions for their useful comm (a) Gambling and casinos: there are two types of gambling those that depend uncertainty and that we“squeezed”. benefit from their advice ms or donefuture being indirectly (b) Stock andinother by preventive medical screening must be multiplied and A description ofcanthis phenomenon is included themarkets: workhttp://www.swapmeetdave.com/Bible/InvLinks. of Sociologist Ruth htm and/or actions.

This is not true as many studies have shown. on pure chance and those that involve a combination of chance and skills. hat of written not for scientists but for the general public who must hat failed. GLASS of lives each improving A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included the work of Sociologist Ruth this paper. at theyear. same while similar were recorded in other major (c) New firms in and startups: http://blogs.wsj.com/venturecapital/2009/06/09/ Experts cannot outperform individuals orof losing At the Undoubtedly, itwell-informed is easier to know the cost in the first caserecorded than in the in calculating-a-start-ups-odds-of-success/ andother http://www.startupnation.

GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were major have been cities inthan Western countries, by Researchers. them.

This isto also inother the domain rtups It ispredict critical tobetter utilizing independent sources obtaintrue information to base our and the free lunch assessment it provides. second.

For casino playing for instance the sitecom/ http://getgamblingfacts.ca/ cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. of medicine where doctors cannot improve chances of decisions.

Some of these independent sources for each has of your the five areas being (d) Preventive the pursuit of self-serving by pharmaceutical nefits, d benefits Since then, the issue preoccupied scholars for interests its more cost-of-play/ provides specific information for allseveral casinomedicine: games and theand cost it is not. He writes:

1

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

1

1

1

in this paper are the following: firms and doctors providing the advice is not objective. The following is a a healthier or longer life by preventive measures. preoccupied The SRH oogle, considered Since then, the several scholars and for information its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various list of websites where independent, can be found associated with eachissue “play”has while Wikipedia provides thefrom probabilities forobjective studies have come to two extremely important conclusions. bably Gotzsche, P. C. (2012). M (a) Gambling and casinos: there are two types of gambling those thatbeing depend summarized (most have been taken from Gigerenzer, 2014): comprehensive approach are below, from the various different types of gambling games including various types of poker, blackjack, interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: on purethat chance and those that involve a combination of chance than and skills. doctors cannot predict more accurately us ailed. someFirst, ests (i) The Cochrane Collaboration: http://www.cochrane.org/ London: Radcliffe Medi Undoubtedly, it is easier to know the cost of losing in the first case than in the interpretations the phenomenon of the following: dice and However, some of these games psychology, personality and (ii) of Therapy reviews: http://www.thennt.com/home-nnt/ how long liveothers. and secondly, theinmost been Inwe awill sense, theof phenomenon isimportant due togentrification, a trend a new category of social groups second.Ablin, For casino playing for instance the site http://getgamblingfacts.ca/ n reduce Headey, B., and Wearing, A (iii) US Preventive Services Task Force, www.ahrq.gov/CLINIC/uspstfix.

R. J. (2014).

The Great Prostate Hoax: How Big Medicine Hijacked the PSA factor a provides long lifespecific is our own disposition today. nefits memory may becity, as important as knowing probabilities. cost-of-play/ information for all casino games and the costthefor tofor“return” to the leaving the purlieus several reasons: high costs in money htm being: toward a dynami Test and Caused a Public Health Disaster.

New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

(5) Exploiting the benefits ofother positive illusions to improve our eir advice associated each “play” while Wikipedia provides the probabilities for (b)with Stock and markets: http://www.swapmeetdave.com/Bible/InvLinks. (iv) Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, www.ahrq.gov and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the different types of gambling games including various types of poker, blackjack, positive thinking and our psychological mood is critical in doi: 10.1037/0022-3514. some (v) Dartmouth Atlas ofof Health Care, Arango, T., and Krauss, C. (2013).

China isand reaping biggest benefits Iraq oilwhich shows the wild variability in htm ve shown.many dice and others. in some ofthe these games psychology, personality 1.However, The term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASSHeine, wasbetter born how doctors patients, www.dartmouthatlas.org sense of safety atcomes residencies outside towntreat centres, search for situations and canYork lead us todistributed be better motivated and educe S. J.,in and Hamamur Boom.

New Times. memory(c) may be as important as knowing the probabilities.

New firms and startups: http://blogs.wsj.com/venturecapital/2009/06/09/ (vi) Bandolier Oxford, www.medicine.ox.ac.uk/bandolier/ Berlin, where she hardship. made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: iduals or persevere when dealing with dvice (b) Stock services and other markets: http://www.swapmeetdave.com/Bible/InvLinks. of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Pers.

Soc. (vii) Foundation for Informed Medical Decision Making, www. Rev. 1 BBC News.

(1990).

Available http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/ calculating-a-start-ups-odds-of-success/ http://www.startupnation.

Youth Unemployment.

The same year sheorleftand Germany and after continuous movements forPsychol.

(6) Avoiding the negative consequences of at: positive illusions htm informedmedicaldecisions.org ehown. domain lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.

Hoorens, V. (1993).

Self-en studies and research Prague, and New York shefor came back to London, where (c) minimizing New firms and startups: http://blogs.wsj.com/venturecapital/2009/06/09/ december/1/newsid_2516000/2516473.stm com/ and the free lunch assessment it London provides. their magnitude canin beGeneva, done by distinguishing (viii) Harding Center Risk Literacy, Max Planck Institute for Human als or calculating-a-start-ups-odds-of-success/ and http://www.startupnation. in 1943 she published studies regarding city planning.

In 1950 she became teacher in the Development: www.harding-center.com According to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and Eur. Rev. Soc. Psychol.

4, hances of between the shortassessment andmedicine: long term (d) Preventive theeffects pursuitof ofvarious self-serving interests by pharmaceutical BBC News.

Available omain com/ and the free lunch(2015). it provides. at: http://www.bbc.com/news/business-31721334 (ix) A social useful watchdog group Her that rates what’s action good and and bad in health University College of London, where she continued her research. public decisions/actions and in particular realizing the implications How Much Did the Vietnam ces of long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying (d) Preventive medicine: the pursuit of self-serving interests by pharmaceutical firms and doctors providing the advice is not objective.

The following is a Bogle, J. (2015).

John Bogle on Investing: The First 50 See Years.

Newwww.healthnewsreview.org York: Wiley & journalism: The SRHfirms and her work are characterized byitaispassion forto also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. doctors the is not that objective.

The following isjustice. a of the illusion ofproviding control byadvice accepting impossible SRH (e) Wars: Afghanistanofand Iraq http://costsofwar.org/ and Vietnam info/how-much-vietnam list of websites from where independent, objective information can beof found and selling real estate, etc., for the depreciation initially part the urban web, in http:// Sons. list of websites from where independent, objective information can be found 10th edit.

Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: nclusions. thevietnamwar.info/ control chance events and gain from them in the long run. sions. (most have been taken from Gigerenzer, 2014): (mosta have been taken from Gigerenzer, 2014): Jylha, M. (2009). What is Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: wetzel/gentry.htm Bopp, M., of Braun, J., in Gutzwiller, andhttp://www.uncanny.net/ Faeh, (2012). Health risk or variety ways, order Abstract. toF.,achieve the D. “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually an us

References

Cochrane Collaboration: http://www.cochrane.org/ y than us (i) The resource? (i) The Cochrane Collaboration: http://www.cochrane.org/ Towards a unified co Gradual and independent association between self-rated health and (ii) Therapy reviews: http://www.thennt.com/home-nnt/ ortant 44 (ii) Therapy reviews: http://www.thennt.com/home-nnt/ 2521 11 mportant (iii) US Preventive Services Task Force, www.ahrq.gov/CLINIC/uspstfix. mortality persists over 30 years.

PLoS ONE 7:e30795. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Frontiers in Psychology | www.frontiersin.org 9 June 201510.1016/j.socscimed.200 | Volume 6 | Article 859

e our cal in prove d and

our critical in

htm (iii) US Preventive Services Task Force, www.ahrq.gov/CLINIC/uspstfix.

0030795 (iv) Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, www.ahrq.gov (v) Dartmouth Atlas htm of Health Care, which shows the wild variability in Brown, J.treatD. (2012). Understanding the better than average effect: motives how doctors patients, www.dartmouthatlas.org (iv) Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, www.ahrq.gov (vi) Bandolier www.medicine.ox.ac.uk/bandolier/ (still)Oxford, matter.

Pers. Soc. Psychol. Bull. 38, 209–219. doi: 10.1177/0146167211 AtlasDecision of Health Care, which shows the wild variability in (vii) Foundation(v) for Dartmouth Informed Medical Making, www.

Kawada, T., Wakayama, Y et al. (2009). Patterns in national survey. Gend. M

people accurately about the harm of preventive medical screening and saving both hundreds of billions of dollars, as well as millions of lives each year.

his helpfu for their improving

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

References GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Ablin, R. J. (2014). TheTypes Great Hoax:intervention, How Big Medicine Hijacked the PSA Definition, of Concerns ofProstate Gentrification Test and Caused a Public Health Disaster. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Arango, T., and Krauss,Concerns C. (2013). China is reaping biggest benefits of Iraq oil Boom. New York Times.

Gotzsche, P London: Headey, B., being: to doi: 10.10 Heine, S. J., Pers. Soc. Hoorens, V. Eur. Rev. How Much D info/how Jylha, M. (2 Towards 10.1016/j Kawada, T., et al. (200 national Keillor, G. (1 Krogsboll, (2012). mortality 10.1002/1 Kruger, J. (1 egocentri 221–232.

Kruger, J., C Sci. 32, 52 Langer, E. J. 10.1037/0 Langer, E. J., as a func Psychol. 3 Lovallo, D., undermin Makridakis, Work for McCormick of driver doi: 10.10 McKenna, F illusion o 02461.x

BBC News. (1990). Available at: http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/ december/1/newsid_2516000/2516473.stm

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS BBC News. (2015).

Available at: http://www.bbc.com/news/business-31721334 Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Bogle, J. (2015). John Bogle on The First 50C.Years.

New York:Architect Wiley & ByInvesting: Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASSOPOULOS Sons.

Student of the School of Architecture Bopp, M., Braun, J., Gutzwiller, F., and Faeh,Technical D. (2012).

Health risk or University of Crete resource? Gradual and independent association between self-rated health and 1. Introductory approach: the concept mortality persists Defining over 30 years.

PLoS ONE 7:e30795. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.

1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept 0030795 ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), J. D. the better (444 than average motives ANTISTHENIS, the(2012). ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370effect: BC, Athens), among otherBrown, wise heritage he Understanding left us, he established a great the (still) matter.

Pers.

Soc. Psychol.

Bull.

38, 209–219. doi: 10.1177/0146167211 among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the 432763on this acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Buehler, R.,on Griffin, D., and Ross,is theapproach, “planning fallacy”: 1 Based, therefore, this “principle” inM. a (1994). first, ifExploring notthe final, the term (and urban gentrification) indicated (in area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 why people underestimate their task completion times.

J. Pers.

Soc. Psychol.

67, gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various 366–381. doi:“refining” 10.1037/0022-3514.67.3.366 Sociology as well), as the of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, Bushwick, S. (2012).

Self-rated health predicts Scientific American, 14th ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andmortality. thethis placement of artists, the operation ofFebruary. art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of the operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However this “change”, regardless of whatever other has, results rising of land prices (and the Colvin, C. R., and Block, J. (1994). Do positive illusions foster mental health? an whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). examination of the Taylor and Brown formulation. Psychol. Bull. 116, 3–20. doi: potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to 10.1037/0033-2909.116.1.3 The term gentrification is (2012). found at first in at: the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of people to http://www.consumerreports.org/cro/ buy property in poor Consumer Report. wealthy Available the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof magazine/2012/06/many-common-medical-tests-and-treatments-are-unneces London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. sary/index.htm being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description phenomenon is included in the be work of Sociologist Ruth Cross,of P.this (1977).

Not can but will college teaching improved.

New Dir. High.

A description of1977, this 1–15. phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth Educ. doi: 10.1002/he.36919771703 GLASS at the same period, while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major DeSalvo, K. B., by Bloser, Reynolds, K., He, J., and Muntner, P. (2006). cities in Western countries, otherN.,Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other prediction with Researchers. a single general self-rated health question, metaSince then,Mortality the issue has several scholars and for itsa more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several doi: scholars andthe for various its more analysis.

J. Gen. Intern.

Med. 21, 267–275.

10.1111/j.1525-1497.2005. comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various 00291.x interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: DeYoung, K. (2009).

Obama Announces Strategy for Afghanistan.

Peshawar: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups Washington Post. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Dimson, E., Marsh, P., and Staunton, M. (2002). Triumph of the Optimists: 101 and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Years offrom Global InvestmentRuth Returns.

Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. termat comes Sociologist GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Dolinksi, D., Gromski, W., and Zawisza, E. (1987).

Unrealistic pessimism.

J. Soc. Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. yeardoi: she10.1080/00224545.1987.9713735 left Germany and after continuous movements for Psychol.The 127,same 511–516. lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private easier access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, LondonD. and New YorkCulture she came back to London, Endo, Y.,inHeine, S. J., and Lehman, R.,car (2000). andto positive illusions in in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and close relationships: how my relationships are better than yours. Per. Soc. Psychol.

Mehrotra, University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying Bull.

26, 1571–1586. doi: 10.1177/01461672002612011 health e her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially ofofpart of the urban web, in Fama, E. F. (1970).

Efficient capital markets: a review theory and empirical work.

10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: United S G. Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually J. ALEXANDRI: Financ.

25, 28–30. doi: 10.2307/2325486 17.1876 Flyvbjerg, B. (2011). Over Budget, Over Time, Over and Over Again: Managing NBC News.

252145 11 Major Projects, The Oxford Handbook of Project Management. Oxford: obama-sa Oxford University Press, 321–344. doi: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199563142.

Nolen, J. L. 003.0014 http://ww Flyvbjerg, B., (2014) What you should know about megaprojects and why: an O’Donoghue

e time the ompanies ming the screening s millions

ked the PSA millan. of Iraq oil

ates/stories/

1721334 rk: Wiley &

th risk or health and urnal.pone.

ct: motives 0146167211

ng fallacy”: Psychol. 67,

erican, 14th

health? an 6, 3–20. doi:

02461.x Endo, Y., Heine, S. J., and Lehman, D. R., (2000). Culture and positive illusions in close relationships: how my relationships are better than yours. Per. Soc. Psychol. Mehrotra, A., Zaslavsky, Bull. 26, 1571–1586. doi: 10.1177/01461672002612011 health examinations a Fama, E. F. (1970). Efficient capital markets: a review of theory and empirical work.

United States. Arch. Int E¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.

AYT. ¶EP. AN. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG. DEV. J.A¶.

Financ.

25, 28–30. doi: 10.2307/2325486 17.1876 E¶.

AYT. ¶EP. AN. / R.DEC. DEV. Flyvbjerg, B. (2011). Over Budget, Over Time, Over and Over Again: Managing NBC News. (2015). Availa Major Projects, The Oxford Handbook of Project Management. Oxford: obama-says-isis-war-po Oxford University Press, 321–344. doi: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199563142.

Nolen, J. L. (2014). Learne 003.0014 http://www.britannica.c Flyvbjerg, B., (2014) What you should know about megaprojects and why: an O’Donoghue, C., Eklund, M overview. Project Manag. J. 45, 6–19. doi: 10.1002/pmj.21409 cost of mammography Flyvbjerg, B., Buzelius, N., and Rothengatter, W. (2003). Megaprojects and Risk: practice and advocated An Anatomy of Ambition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.7326/M13-1217 10.1017/cbo9781107050891 Parker-Pope, T. (2015). Wr Positive illusions: costs/benefits ByGood Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS Gigerenzer, G. (2014). Risk Savvy: How to Make Decisions.

New C. York: Viking. Sanger, D. E., and Burns, J Harvard University, Graduate School Gilbert, D. (2005). Stumbling on Happiness. New York, NY: Vintage Books. of Design, Student, Bush Orders Start of Wa

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Google Finance. (2015). Available at: https://www.google.com/finance New York Times.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

Acknowledgments

Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

Introductory Defining the concept The1. authors wouldapproach: like to thank professor Marios Argyridis for 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept Frontiers in Psychology | www.frontiersin.org 10 Athens), theand ancient Greek philosopher, - 370 BC, hisANTISTHENIS, helpful comments suggestions as well as the(444 twoBC referees ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 among other wise heritage he us, he established a great “principle”: the for their useful comments andleft their insightful suggestions for BC, Athens), among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the improving paper. acquisitionthis of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), asMammography the “refining” of a cityTruth, area, the fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), ofP.social groups, usually of low-income andLies theremoval placement Gotzsche, C. (2012).

Screening: and Controversy. ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, theLondon: operation of artMedical galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of Radcliffe Press. the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of landwellprices (and theof Headey, B., and Wearing, A. (1989). Personality, life events, and subjective whatever other consequences results rising57, of731–739. land prices (and the potential relative speculation). being: toward a dynamic equilibrium has, model, J. Pers. also Soc. Psychol. potential relative speculation). doi: The10.1037/0022-3514.57.4.731 term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UKSelf-Enhancement. in early 1960s and itareas refersofto Heine, S. J.,term and Hamamura, T. of (2007).

In Search of East Asian the then observed trend to buy property in poor the then observed of wealthy people to there buy property in poor areas Pers.

Soc. Psychol.

Rev. trend 11,stay 4–27. doi: 10.1177/1088868306294587 London, upgrade them, themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof London, them, stay themselves sometimes thus old residents are Hoorens, V. upgrade (1993).“squeezed”.

Self-enhancement and superiority biases inthere social and comparison. being indirectly Eur. Rev. Soc. Psychol.

4, 113–139. doi: 10.1080/14792779343000040 being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth How Much Did the Vietnam War Cost?

Available at: http://thevietnamwar.

A description of this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while(2014). similar in other major info/how-much-vietnam-war-cost/ GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

Jylha, M.in(2009). is self-rated health Researchers. and why does it predict mortality? cities Western countries, bypreoccupied other Since then,What the issue has several scholars and for its more Towards a unified conceptual model.

Soc. Sci. several Med. 69, scholars 307–316. doi: Since then, the issue has preoccupied andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from 10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.05.013 comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the Y., phenomenon of Inagaki, gentrification, theT., following: Kawada, T., Wakayama, Katsumata, M., H., Otsuka, Hirata, Y., interpretations the phenomenon of thecategory following: Inal.a (2009). sense,Patterns theof phenomenon is dueaccording togentrification, a trend of aand new of social groups et in self-rated health to age sex in a Japanese to “return” to theGend. city,Med. leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money national survey.

6, 329–334. doi: 10.1016/j.genm.2009.04.001 and time to travel from the purlieus downtown, where work place is, lack of the Keillor, G. (1985).

Lake Wobegon Days. NewtoYork: Viking Press.

1.of The term comes from Sociologist Ruth G. GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed outside town centres, for Krogsboll, L. T.,at Jorgensen, K. J.,residencies Larsen, C., and Gotzsche, P. search C. Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services ofGeneral health,health education, entertainment the heart of the and city”,movements (possibly)for (2012). in she adults for “at reducing morbidity Youth Unemployment.

The checks same year left Germany and after continuous lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where mortality from disease.

Cochrane Database Syst.

Rev. 10:CD009009. doi: studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, in10.1002/14651858.CD009009.pub2 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the According to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her and Kruger, J. (1999).

Lake Wobegon be gone!

The “below-average effect” andbrokers thepublicofaction long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. egocentric nature of comparative ability judgments.initially J. Pers.

Soc. Psychol.

77, and selling real estate, etc., for the depreciation of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 221–232. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.77.2.221 G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

Kruger, J., Chan, S., and Roese, N. (2009). (Not so) positive illusions. Behav. Brain Sci. 32, 526–527. doi: 10.1017/S0140525X09991270 rts.org/cro/46 Langer, E. J. (1975). The Illusion of control. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 32, 311–328. doi: re-unneces 10.1037/0022-3514.32.2.311 Langer, E. J., and Roth, J. (1975). Heads I win, tails it’s chance: the Illusion of control w Dir. High.

2521 11

10.1002/14651858.CD009009.pub2 Kruger, J. (1999). Lake Wobegon be gone! The “below-average effect” and the egocentric nature of comparative ability judgments. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 77, s foster mental health? an 221–232. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.77.2.221 sychol. Bull. 116, 3–20. doi: Kruger, J., Chan, and Roese, N.LOC. (2009).

(Not so) illusions.

Behav.

Brain E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP. AN./ R.DEC. /S., R.DEC. ADM.LOC. DEV. REG. /positive R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV. REG. DEV. E¶.

AN. ADM. DEV. REG. / R. REG. DEV. Sci. 32, 526–527. doi: 10.1017/S0140525X09991270 .consumerreports.org/cro/ Langer, E. J. (1975). The Illusion of control. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 32, 311–328. doi: d-treatments-are-unneces 10.1037/0022-3514.32.2.311 Langer, E. J., and Roth, J. (1975). Heads I win, tails it’s chance: the Illusion of control improved. New Dir. High. as a function of the sequence of outcomes in a purely chance task. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 32, 951–955. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.32.6.951 and Muntner, P. (2006).

Lovallo, D., and Kahneman, D. (2003). Delusions of success: how optimism d health question, a metaundermines executives’ decisions. Harv. Bus. Rev. 81, 56–63.

10.1111/j.1525-1497.2005.

Makridakis, S., Hogarth, R., and Gaba, A. (2010). Dance with Chance: Making Luck

By Mr.Publications.

George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Work for You. London: Oneworld r Afghanistan. Peshawar: Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, McCormick, I. A., Walkey, F. H., and Green, D. E. (1986).

Comparative perceptions By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect of driver ability – a confirmation and expansion. Accid. Anal. Prev. 18, 205–208. mph of the Optimists: 101 doi: 10.1016/0001-4575(86)90004-7 Student of the School of Architecture rinceton University Press.

University of Crete McKenna, F. P. (1993). It won’t happen to Technical me: unrealistic optimism or realistic pessimism. J. Soc. illusion of control?

Br. J. Psychol.

84, 39–50. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8295.1993.tb 713735 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 02461.x re and positive illusions in 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, ancientDefining Greek philosopher, han yours. Per. Soc. Psychol. Mehrotra, the A., Zaslavsky, A. M., and Ayanian, J. Z. (2007). Preventive ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise he left he established a great the 11 healthheritage examinations andus,preventive gynecological examinations in the among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts. theory and empirical work.

United States. Arch. Intern. Med. 167, 1876–1883. doi: 10.1001/archinte.167. acquisition of 17.1876 knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) is area of Planning) (or nd Over Again:gentrification Managing NBC News.on (2015).

Available at: http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/isis-terror/ 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ct Management. Oxford: obama-says-isis-war-powers-request-not-about-another-ground-n304526 Sociology asNolen, well), “refining” of a city area, the fromthere this, (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and theremoval placement of oxfordhb/9780199563142.

J. as L. the (2014).

Learned helplessness.

Encyclopaedia Britannica.

Available at: ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation ofhttp://www.britannica.com/topic/learned-helplessness art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this regardless megaprojects and why: an other O’Donoghue, C., Eklund, M., Ozanne, E.also M., and Esserman, L. J.prices (2014).

Aggregate whatever has, results rising of “change”, land (and theof whatever other consequences results also rising of land pricesof (and mj.21409 costspeculation). of mammographyhas, screening in the United States: comparison currentthe potential relative 3). Megaprojects potential and Risk: relative speculation). practice and is advocated Ann. Med. 160,and 145–153. doi: The term gentrification found atguidelines. first in the UKIntern. in early 1960s it refers to ge University the Press.then doi:term 10.7326/M13-1217 The gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor Parker-Pope, T. (2015).

Writing Your Way to to Happiness.

Times.areas the then observed trend of wealthy people buy property in poor Makridakis and Moleskis London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there andNew thusYork: old residents areof ecisions. New York: Viking. upgrade Sanger, D. E., and J. F. (2003).

Threats there and Responses: House;are London, them, stayBurns, themselves sometimes and thusThe oldWhite residents being indirectly “squeezed”.

NY: Vintage Books.

Bush Start of War on Iraq; Missiles Apparently Miss Hussein. New York: being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of Orders this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth e.com/finance New York Times.

A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major Taylor, S. E. Sanna, L. period, J., Parks, C., similar and Chang, E. C. were (2005).

Hourglass is halfmajor full GLASS at the same while situations recorded in other cities in Westernorcountries, by other Researchers. separatin half empty: temporal framing and the group planning fallacy. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, Group the issue scholars and for its more 2909.116 Dyn.has Theory Res. Pract. several 9, 173–188. doi: 10.1037/1089-2699.9.

Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from The Econom 3.173 10 June 2015 | Volume | Article 859 comprehensive approach are being summarized from6 the various interpretations the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: blogs/gra SBAofOffice of Advocacy. (2014).

Available at: www.sba.gov/advocacy interpretations the phenomenon of thecategory following: In a sense,Schumpeter, theof phenomenon is due togentrification, a trend of a new of social Trotta, D. ( J. A., (1950).

Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy.

New York:groups Harper to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Reuters.

Perennial Modern Classic. and time to travel from the purlieus downtown, where place is, lack of the Visalli, D. ( Science Newsline Medicine. to (2015).

New Breast Cancerwork Screening Analysis Confirms termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born in Global R Biennial Interval Optimal for Average Risk Women.

Available at: http://www. sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, for Berlin, where shesciencenewsline.com/articles/2015042104350012.html made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: Wainer, H. ( services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for doi: 10.1 Seligman, M. E. P. (1975).

Helplessness: On Depression, Development, andetc.

Death. lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, where Francisco, CA: W. H.the Freeman. in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the Wang, R., Lo toSan another approach, is due a systematic and University informal College of London, she continued her social research.

Her public action and The cost Seligman, M. E. by P.where (2003).

Authentic Happiness: Using the New Positive Psychology long-term effort organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a Potential passion for justice.

See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. Cancer 1 to Realize Your for Lasting.

New York: Simon and Schuster. and selling real estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Welch, H. G Sommer, J. (2015).

How Many Mutual Funds Routinely Rout the Market?

Zero: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually New York Times.

Epidemic Stewart, R. (2007). Occupational Hazards: My Time Governing in Iraq. London: WSJ Blog.

252147 11 Picador. calculatin Stewart, R. (2009). The irresistible illusion. Lond. Rev. Books 31, 3–6.

Taylor, K. M., and Shepperd, J. A. (1998). Bracing for the worst: severity, Conflict of testing, and feedback timing as moderators of the optimistic bias. conducted i

y. Scientific American, 14th

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

Trotta, D. (2013). Iraq Wa Schumpeter, J. A., (1950). Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy. New York: Harper Reuters.

Perennial Modern Classic.

Visalli, D. (2013). Afghanis Science Newsline Medicine. (2015). New Breast Cancer Screening Analysis Confirms Global Research, 22nd M Biennial Interval Optimal for Average Risk Women. Available at: http://www.

E¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

A¶.

REG. Wainer, H. (2011). How sh sciencenewsline.com/articles/2015042104350012.html doi: 10.1111/j.1740-9713 Seligman, M. E. P. (1975). Helplessness: On Depression, Development, and Death.

Wang, R., Long, J. B., Ross, R San Francisco, CA: W. H. Freeman.

The cost implications of Seligman, M. E. P. (2003). Authentic Happiness: Using the New Positive Psychology Cancer 120, 96–102. doi to Realize Your Potential for Lasting. New York: Simon and Schuster.

Welch, H. G., Schwartz, L., Sommer, J. (2015). How Many Mutual Funds Routinely Rout the Market? Zero: Epidemic of Diagnoses. N New York Times.

Stewart, R. (2007). Occupational Hazards: My Time Governing in Iraq. London: WSJ Blog. (2009). Availab Picador. calculating-a-start-upsStewart, R. (2009). The irresistible illusion. Lond. Rev. Books 31, 3–6.

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Taylor, K. M., and Shepperd, J. A. (1998). Bracing for the worst: severity, Conflict of Interest Stat Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, testing, and feedback timing as moderators of the optimistic bias. conducted in the absence o

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Pers. Soc. Psychol. Bull. 24, 915–926. doi: 10.1177/01461672982 be construed as a potential Student of the School of Architecture 49001 Technical University of Crete Taylor, S. E., and Armor, D. A. (1996). Positive Illusions and coping Copyright © 2015 Makridak with adversity.

J. Pers.

64, 873–898. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1996. under the terms of the Cre 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept tb00947.x distribution or reproductio 1. Introductory approach: the concept Positive illusions: costs/benefits ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), Taylor, S. E., and Brown, J. D. (1988).

Illusion and well-being: a social psychological author(s) or licensor are cr ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the perspective on mental health. Psychol. Bull. 103, 193–210. doi: 10.1037/0033is cited, in accordance wit among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts.

2909.103.2.193 reproduction is permitted w acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term Taylor, S. E., and1 Brown, J. D. (1994). Positive illusions and well-being revisited: Based, therefore, on this “principle” is in a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term area of Planning) (or gentrification separating fact(and fromurban fiction.gentrification) Psychol. Bull. 116,indicated 21–27. doi: 10.1037/00331 (and gentrification urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various 2909.116.1.21 Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, The Economist.

(2014).

The House Wins.

Available at: http://www.economist.com/ ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”,there regardless of blogs/graphicdetail/2014/02/daily-chart-0 (accessed February 3, 2014). the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever otherIraq consequences rising ofNew landYork: prices (and theof Trotta, D. (2013).

War Costs U.S.has, Moreresults than $2 also Trillion: Study. whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential Reuters.relative potential relative speculation).

Visalli, (2013).

Afghanistan: thefound legacy at of first the British brief1960s history.

TheD.term gentrification is in theEmpire.

UK in A early and it refers to The Research, term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto 22ndtrend March.ofiswealthy theGlobal then observed to buy property in poor the then observed trend wealthy people to Significance buy property in poor areas Wainer, H.upgrade (2011).

How should screen for breast cancer?

8, 28–30.

London, them, stayweof themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are doi:indirectly 10.1111/j.1740-9713.2011.00475.x being “squeezed”.

Wang, R.,indirectly Long, J. B.,“squeezed”.

Ross, R. phenomenon J., Soulos, P. R., Yu, J. B., Makarov, D. V., et al. of (2014). being A description of this is included in the work Sociologist Ruth The cost implications of prostate cancer screening in the Medicare population.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Cancer 120, 96–102. doi: 10.1002/cncr.28373 GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

Welch, H. G., Schwartz, L., and Woloshin, (2007). What’s Making us Sick is an cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied otherS.Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Epidemic of Diagnoses.

New York: The New York Times.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from WSJ Blog. (2009). Available at: http://blogs.wsj.com/venturecapital/2009/06/09/ comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: calculating-a-start-ups-odds-of-success/ interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following:

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

is half full ng fallacy.

089-2699.9.

ork: Harper

sis Confirms http://www. and Death.

e Psychology r. arket? Zero:

aq. London:

st: severity, mistic bias.

1461672982

nd coping -6494.1996.

sychological .1037/0033-

48

In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving The the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Conflict of Interest Statement: authors declare that the research was and time to travel fromofthe to or downtown, where work conducted in the absence any purlieus commercial financial relationships thatplace could is, lack of the 1.of The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, be construed as a at potential conflict of interest.

Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from car access to markets, etc.where Copyright © 2015 Makridakis and Moleskis.

Thisprivate is anand open-access article distributed studies and research Geneva, Prague, London Neweasier York she came back to London, in According 1943 studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

1950 she teacher in the tothe another approach, the is BY). due tobecame ause, systematic and under the she termspublished of Creative Commons Attribution LicenseIn(CC The University informal College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public and distribution or reproduction other forums isgroups, permitted, provided the original long-term effortinby organized manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. author(s) orWil. licensor are credited and that the London original 2009. publication this of journal and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for the depreciation initially ofinpart the urban web, in 10th edit.

SONS AND Co Ltd. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice.

No use, distribution or G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

Προσωπικότητες μας GENTRIFICATION Definition, Typesτης ofεποχής Intervention, Definition, Types of Concerns of Gentrification Ο Παύλος Τζερμιάς καιintervention, η Κύπρος Concerns Του κ. Γιώργου ΓΕΩΡΓΗ

Καθηγητή Πανεπιστημίου Νεάπολις, Πάφος, Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Πρώην Πρέσβη τηςBy Κυπριακής Δημοκρατίας στην Ελλάδα

Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Παύλος Τζερμιάς υπήρξε μια εμβληματική του Student of the φυσιογνωμία School of Architecture ου της πρώτης δεκαετίας του 21 αιώνα. Ξεχώρισε τη Technical Universityγια of Crete

Ο και λογιοσύνη και την προσφορά του. Ένας μεγάλος Έλληνας, 1. Introductoryπου approach: concept καζαντζακικός, σ’ όληDefining του τηthe ζωή κράτησε ψηλά το λάβαρο της 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, Ελλάδας και του αγώνα. Κρητικός στην καταγωγή, υπήρξε κατ’ επιλογή ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wiseμεγάλα heritage he left us, he established a great the Κύπριος. Σε δύο θέματα αφιερώθηκε με πάθος. Στην πάλη κατά among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the της δικτατορίας των συνταγματαρχών και στηthe δικαίωση Κύπρου. acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition content ofτης concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Ανήκει στους Έλληνες που βίωσαν την κυπριακή τραγωδία ως 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 προσωπική υπόθεση, που βίωσαν τηνisarea, αποκατάσταση της this, δημοκρατίας gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city the removal (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various στην Ελλάδα ως χρέος προς την Κύπρο. Τούτο το χρέος, ως οφειλή και ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, αντιδωρεά, στη ζωήetc.και στη γραφή του. Ένιωσε the operation ofκυριάρχησε art galleries, restaurants, However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences risingτου of land prices (andτην theof στρατευμένος στον αγώνα has, της. results Και η also Κύπρος ανταπέδωσε whatever otherspeculation). has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative αγάπη. Υπήρξε οconsequences ιστορικός και πολιτικός αναλυτής με τη μεγαλύτερη potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found atεπισκέψεις first in the UK in early 1960sαπόφαση and it refers to αναγνώριση και τις συχνότερες στο νησί. της The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in earlyΜε 1960s and itareas refers the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor ofto κυπριακής κυβέρνησης τιμήθηκε μεpeople το ανώτατο παράσημο τηςof the then observed trend wealthy to there buy κρατικό property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents are Κυπριακής Δημοκρατίας.

London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Είχα την“squeezed”. να τονisέχω φίλοin και παραστάτη από Ruth την being indirectly A description ofευκαιρία this phenomenon included the work of Sociologist A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth ίδρυση του Σπιτιού της Κύπρου. Υπήρξε ένα από τα βασικότερα GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major πρόσωπα τη λειτουργία Η Researchers. υποδειγματική διεύθυνση και ανάδειξη cities in Western countries, byτου. other cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars for its more του Πολιτιστικού Κέντρου Δελφών αποτέλεσε το and σημαντικότερο Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from various μοντέλο λειτουργίας του. Η συχνή παρουσία του στουςforχώρους comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: διεύρυνε την αναγνώριση και επικύρωνε τις επιλογές του κυπριακού interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups πολιτιστικού κέντρου στην is Αθήνα. Ήταν για μας φίλος, συνεργάτης και to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money σύμβουλος. Ότι τυχαία, το Σπίτι της Κύπρου εγκαινίασε την εκδοτική and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the του 1.δραστηριότητα εκδίδοντας το τομίδιο Ηtown μαρτυρική Κύπρος και termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS wasbetter bornηin sense ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside centres, for Berlin, where she made herμια first από studies.

In πρώτες 1932 she published an που important studyστους entitled: γνώμη των δυνατών, τις διαλέξεις έγιναν services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for χώρους του. lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943Η sheαγάπη published studies cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 sheto became teacher του in the to another approach, is από due a systematic and του γιαregarding την the Κύπρο αρχίζει τα χρόνια University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying απελευθερωτικού αγώνα της ΕΟΚΑ. Παρακολουθούσε έκτοτε DICTIONARY. άγρυπνα her work are characterized by a passion for justice.

See also: COLLINS ENGLISH and selling real estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: τις εξελίξεις του Κυπριακού, αρθρογραφούσε σε γερμανόφωνες G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, εφημερίδες και δημιούργησε ένα σημαντικό αρχείο για την(actually Κύπρο.

252149 11 20ου

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

50

Καρπός της πολύχρονης, εμπεριστατωμένης γνώσης και ενασχόλησής του υπήρξε η έκδοση στα γερμανικά ενός ογκώδους τόμου για την Ιστορία της Κυπριακής Δημοκρατίας. Το βιβλίο, το οποίο πρωτοεκδόθηκε το 1991 και επανεκδόθηκε το 1995 και το 1998, αποτέλεσε τη σημαντικότερη έως σήμερα κατάθεση για την Κύπρο στον γερμανόφωνο κόσμο. Αναγνωρίζοντας την πολυτιμότητα και τη Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS σημασία του βιβλίου, η ΑκαδημίαByΑθηνών το βράβευσε ως μια από τις Harvard University, Graduate School of Student, καλύτερες ξενόγλωσσες εκδόσεις για την Κύπρο. Ο Design, ακαδημαϊκός

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Κωνσταντίνος Δεσποτόπουλος, στην εισήγησή του προς την τάξη των Student of the School of Architecture Ηθικών και Πολιτικών Επιστημών, σημείωνε ανάμεσα στα άλλα: of Crete Technical University Έκδηλη στις σελίδες του βιβλίου είναι η επιστημονική 1. Introductory approach: the concept εμβρίθεια και ηDefining συγγραφική ευσυνειδησία του συγγραφέα, η 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient προσπάθειά του Greek προς philosopher, την αμερόληπτη παρουσίαση και ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: BC, Athens), among otherαντικειμενική wise heritage he left us, he established a great the ερμηνεία των γεγονότων και των370 περιστάσεων, among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition ofτων knowledge starts with of the content concepts. πολιτικών τάσεων και των of διεθνών αντιδράσεων, η acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term επιτυχία τουthis να“principle” συλλαμβάνει τα ουσιώδη στοιχεία καιthe να term τα 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 εκφράζει με ακρίβεια και διαύγεια. gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various Την επιστημονική ακρίβεια και την αντικειμενικότητα του βιβλίου Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, αναγνώρισαν οgalleries, γερμανικός καιetc.οHowever ελληνικός Τύπος, που το the operation of art restaurants, “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land (and theof χαρακτήρισαν ως «μια από τις πληρέστερες και prices περισσότερο whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results alsoτου rising of land prices (and the potential relative τεκμηριωμένες επιστημονικά εξιστορήσεις πολυτάραχου βίου της potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Κυπριακής Δημοκρατίας» (Η Καθημερινή).

The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor Τοobserved έργο μεταφράστηκε σταpeople ελληνικά από τον ίδιο τον Παύλο the then trend wealthy to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof Τζερμιά με την them, αρωγή στην επιμέλεια τηςthere ερίτιμης του, London, upgrade stay themselves sometimes and thusσυζύγου old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Έλσμπεθ, που υπήρξε η μούσα και η προστάτιδά του. Το βιβλίο being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth εκδόθηκε το same 2001 απόphenomenon τις εκδόσεις Libro σεinwere δύο ογκώδεις τόμους με A description ofperiod, this is situations included the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major πολλές προσθήκες και by νέα κεφάλαια. Πρόκειται για την πληρέστερη cities in Western countries, other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied otherκυπριακής Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more και έως τα σήμερα Ιστορία της πολιτείας. Στις 1.327 σελίδες Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various του βιβλίου, που είναι αφιερωμένο στην Έλσμπεθ, περιλαμβάνει more μια comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: εκτεταμένη επισκόπηση της κυπριακής Ιστορίας από τα αρχαία χρόνια interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend εξιστορούνται of a new social groups μέχρι τον Δεύτερο Παγκόσμιο Πόλεμο, ηof πορεία του to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Κυπριακού και η δημιουργία της Κυπριακής Δημοκρατίας, η πολιτειακή and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the δομή και το συνταγματικό πλαίσιο λειτουργίας τηςcentres, και στη συνέχεια ταin 1.of The term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS wasbetter born sense safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town search for Berlin, whereπου she made her first studies.

In εισβολή 1932 she published an important study entitled: γεγονότα οδήγησαν στην του 1974 και επέκεινα. services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Εντυπωσιάζει η in πολυεπίπεδη και σφαιρική της etc. όλης lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private access markets, studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York τεκμηρίωση she came to back to London, where in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the εργασίας. to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying Το 2004 κυκλοφόρησε από τις εκδόσεις Σιδέρη το τρίτομο έργο her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th Wil. SONS AND Ltd.ιστόρηση.

London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: του Ηedit. Κύπρος. «Γλυκείας χώρας» Από την αρχαιότητα ως την Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aένταξη varietyστην of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση. Πρόκειται για ένα μνημειώδες έργο,

2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

έργο ζωής, πολυσήμαντο, πολύτιμο καλύτερα και απόλυτα χρήσιμο για όποιον θέλει να γνωρίσει την Κύπρο, την Ιστορία και το λαό της. Ένα έργο 1.500 σελίδων, απαλλαγμένο από κάθε σκοπιμότητα, τεκμηριωμένο και αντικειμενικό, με το οποίο έρχεται ουσιαστικά να αντιπαρατεθεί στο τρίτομο έργο του Sir George Hill, History of Cyprus, ένα βιβλίο γρανάζι της μηχανής της αγγλικής αποικιοκρατίας που όπως Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS επισημαίνει ο Σεφέρης ήθελε τουςByΡωμιούς σπαρτούς, όχι Έλληνες.

Harvard University, Graduate School of Design,χώρο.

Student, Ο Τζερμιάς είναι σεφερική επέκταση στον ιστορικό Ο

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect ποιητής του Ημερολογίου Καταστρώματος Γ’ «Κύπρον ου μ’ εθέσπισεν» Student of the School of Architecture έκανε με τα ποιήματά του την Κύπρο οικεία στον ελληνικό χώροofόσο Technical University Crete κανείς άλλος. Όλοι από τότε διερωτούνται γιατί τόση αγάπη για την 1. Introductory Defining theστην concept Κύπρο, γιατί την approach: κράτησε τόσο ψηλά ποίηση και την ψυχή του. Το 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek ίδιο ερώτημα αντιμετώπιζε και ο philosopher, Παύλος Τζερμιάς. Σημειώνει στον ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the πρόλογό του: among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition ofΠολλοί knowledge starts with of the content concepts. με ρωτούν, Ελλάδα, the στην Κύπρο και στο acquisition of knowledge starts with στην theindefinition content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term εξωτερικό, οφείλεται isin αυτή η τόσο εντατική ενασχόλησή 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on πού this “principle” a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) indicated area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 μου με τη μεγαλόνησο, μολονότι δεν είμαι Κύπριος. Θα gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various επαναλάβω. Δεν ξέρω ακριβώς. Σίγουρα έπαιξαν ρόλο οι Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually ofέπαιξε low-income and thethis placement there of artists, συγκυρίες. Σίγουρα και παίζει ρόλο η ιστορική αδικία, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other also rising of land prices (and theof που consequences κτύπησε ένα has, νησίresults με μακροχρόνια ελληνική πολιτισμική whatever other consequences rising ελληνικό of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). παράδοση και με has, κατάresults 82% also περίπου πληθυσμό, potential relative speculation).

The term πληθυσμό gentrification is found at first in theσυχνά UK in early 1960s andτων it refers to που αντιμετωπίζει την τακτική ίσων The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor αποστάσεων ανάμεσα θύτη (τουproperty Τούρκο in εισβολέα) καιof the then observed trend wealthyστον people to there buy poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents are το them, θύμα,stayτην Κύπρο, στοthere όνομα δήθεν London, upgrade themselves sometimes and thus μιας old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. αντικειμενικότητας. Και να ήταν μόνο αυτό; Όχι σπάνια ο being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth θύτης έκδηλα. Στη δίνη των πολυσυζητημένων A description of«δικαιώνεται» this phenomenon is situations included inwere the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major πως το Κυπριακό είναι πρόβλημα σχεδίων Ανάνbyξεχάστηκε cities in Western countries, other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more ξενικής εισβολής και κατοχής. Η Άγκυρα διαπραγματευόταν Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars andνησιού. for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the έχοντας ενέχυρο το κατεχόμενο βόρειο τμήμα του Και comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, theΑπριλίου following:2004 ΟΧΙ όταν οι Ελληνοκύπριοι είπαν στις 24 στο interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense,σχέδιο theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, aθιασώτες trend of a της new of social groups Ανάν, οι γνωστοί ρεαλπολιτίκ έσπευσαν to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money να τους επικρίνουν και να τους «τιμωρήσουν». Έπαιξαν και and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the παίζουν λοιπόν ρόλο στηνGLASS, ενασχόλησή μουRuth με search την Κύπρο, οιin term from Sociologist Ruth 1912-1940.

GLASS wasbetter born sense1.ofThe safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, for Berlin, whereσυγκυρίες. she made herΜα first ίσως studies.

In 1932 she published μετράει an important study entitled: στο υποσυνείδητο κι η κρητική services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for μουof, καταγωγή, η συγγένεια τηςcar Κρήτης μεcame τηνto Κύπρο. lower living cost “withdrawal” from private easier access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she back to London, in According 1943Αυτά she published studies regarding city planning.

In 1950 sheto became teacher Στα in the έγραφε στον πρόλογό του το 2004 οisΠαύλος to another approach, the phenomenon due a Τζερμιάς. systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying χρόνια που πέρασαν τίποτε δεν άλλαξε στις διαπιστώσεις του. Η her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theΔύσης depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Τουρκία με την ανοχή της έγινε2009. περισσότερο προκλητική και Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aαδηφάγος. variety of Χρειάζονται ways, in order to achieve theσθένος “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually κιAbstract. άλλοι, με το και τη νηφαλιότητα, την 252151 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

52

ιστορική σκευή και την πολιτική σκέψη του Τζερμιά για να αντιμετωπισθούν οι οπαδοί της ρεαλπολιτίκ, που ευδοκιμούν και στον ελληνικό χώρο για να γίνουν αρεστοί στους ξένους. Ο τίτλος του βιβλίου είναι δάνειος από τον μεγάλο Κύπριο μεσαιωνικό χρονογράφο Λεόντιο Μαχαιρά, που τον 14ο αιώνα, πολύ

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS πριν από τον Σολωμό και τον Ελύτη, ανησυχούσε για την ελληνική Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, γλώσσα και έγραφε «εβαρβαρίσαν τα ρωμέικα». Όχι τυχαία, ο Τζερμιάς

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect προτάσσει ως μόττο τον πρόλογο του Μαχαιρά: Student of the School of Architecture Εβουλεύτηκα εν ονόματι του αγαθού θεού University τού εν τριάδι Technical of Crete προσκυνουμένου, να εξηγηθώ περί της ακριβής χώρας 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Κύπρου… Επειδή τα πάντα διαβαίννουν και τα γινισκούνται 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient philosopher, ξηγούνται, πολλάGreek πεθυμούν όλοι να γροικήσουν τα ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among otherεδιάβησαν… wise heritage he left us, he established a great the θέλω ποίσειν δια της (444 χάριτος του παναγίου among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition ofπνεύματος knowledge starts with of the content concepts. μικρήν ανθύμησιν, διά να the τηνcontent διαβάζουσι εκείνοι, acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term όπου οι ποίγοι αλεγριάζεσθαι 1 (and ευρίσκουνται, Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first,θέλουν if (in notthe final, approach, the τας term urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 παλαιάς ιστορίας. gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various Αυτή την ίδια εξήγηση επιχειρεί και ο Παύλος Τζερμιάς στο Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andπρώτο thethis placement there of artists, πραγματικά έργο του. τόμο επιχειρεί μια the operation ofεντυπωσιακό art galleries, restaurants, etc.Στον However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever consequences has, results Ιστορίας also rising από of land (and theof σύνθετη other προσέγγιση της κυπριακής ταprices προϊστορικά whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative χρόνια μέχρι καιspeculation). την ίδρυση της Κυπριακής Δημοκρατίας. potential relative speculation).

The term found at firstμεinτα theπροβλήματα UK in early 1960s and it refers to Στονgentrification τρίτο τόμο isασχολείται λειτουργίας του The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor νέου κράτους, την προσπάθεια του Μακαρίου για συνταγματική the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof αναθεώρηση, τιςthem, πρώτες συγκρούσεις, τοthus σχέδιο Άτσεσον, London, upgrade stay δικοινοτικές themselves sometimes there and old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. την εμπλοκή του Κυπριακού στις ελλαδικές πολιτικές διαμάχες, τη being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth χούντα, ΕΟΚΑ Β’,phenomenon το πραξικόπημα, την εισβολή, A description ofperiod, this is situations included inwere the work ofτις Sociologist Ruth GLASS atτην the same while similar recorded in ατέρμονες other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major συνομιλίες, καιcountries, τέλος με την Researchers. ένταξη της Κύπρου στην Ευρωπαϊκή cities in Western by other cities in Western countries, byελληνική other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and forμετά its more Ένωση, τη μεγαλύτερη διπλωματική επιτυχία τη Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various Συνθήκη των Σεβρών. comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: Ο τρίτος τόμος περιλαμβάνει έναν ιδιαίτερα χρήσιμο interpretations of the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theπίνακα, phenomenon dueof togentrification, a trend a new ofτεκμηρίωση, social groups χρονολογικό την is αρχειακή και ofβιβλιογραφική to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money ευρετήρια και άλλες πολύτιμες πληροφορίες. and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Επιχείρησα μια Sociologist παρουσίαση βιβλιοπαραγωγής του for Παύλου termat comes from Ruth της GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS was born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, better Berlin, where she made her first studies.

In 1932για she published an important study entitled: Τζερμιά σε σχέση με την Κύπρο να δείξω το μέγεθος της services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for προσφοράς του για το νησί. Είναι μια δωρεά εσαεί, μια διαχρονική lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private easier access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car New York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding city planning. Inπου 1950 sheto became teacher in the συνηγορία των δικαίων της. Μια προσφορά δύσκολα μπορεί να to another approach, the phenomenon is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying αποτιμηθεί αν κοντά στο συγγραφικό του έργο προστεθούν τα άρθρα, her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban in edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. κυρίως London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: οι10th διαλέξεις, οι συνεντεύξεις και το ένθεο πάθος με το web, οποίο Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aυπηρέτησε variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually το ζήτημα τηςAbstract. Κύπρου.

2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types ofαπάντηση Intervention, Υπάρχει στη κρίση; Definition, Types of intervention, Concerns ofγενικευμένη Gentrification ConcernsΤου κ. Ναπ. ΜΑΡΑΒΕΓΙΑ

Καθηγητού Ευρωπαϊκής Ολοκλήρωσης και Αντιπρύτανη Εθνικού C. καιATHANASOPOULOS Καποδιστριακού

By Mr.του George-Sp. Πανεπιστημίου Αθηνών Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture που διέρχεται η χώρα μας έχει Technical University of Crete

Η κρίση προφανώς πολλαπλές εκφράσεις και περιλαμβάνει το σύνολο σχεδόν των the πτυχών της δημόσιας ζωής. Κρίση 1. Introductory approach: Defining concept 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept πρωτίστως οικονομική με υπόβαθρο κρίση ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - αξιακό, 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), κοινωνική, με left συνέπειες οδυνηρές για το σύνολο σχεδόν among other wise heritage he us, he established a great “principle”: the among other wise left us,definition he established aμεgreat acquisition of knowledge startshe with the of the content of“principle”: concepts. τωνheritage πολιτών, κρίση πολιτική, την αδυναμίαthe acquisition of knowledge starts with the content ofσεconcepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term συνεννόησης τωνtheπολιτικών δυνάμεων κρίσιμα 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification θέματα και το χειρότερο κρίση εμπιστοσύνης τωνthe νέων 1 (and gentrification urban gentrification) isarea, indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city the removal (in various στις δυνατότητες και τις προοπτικές της χώρας μας, Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, πράγμα που τους οδηγεί στην αυξανόμενη φυγή στοof ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless the operation ofεξωτερικό. art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However regardless whatever other consequences has, results risingthis of “change”, land prices (and theof Αυτές οι πολλαπλές εκφράσεις της κρίσης whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). potential relative speculation). συνεκδηλώνονται με την πλέον αντίληψη ότιto The term gentrification is found at first in theδιάχυτη UK in early 1960s and it refers The term gentrification found atpeople first inκάτι the UK earlyθέση 1960s and it refersofto the then observed ofiswealthy to buy property in poor areas δενtrend μπορεί να γεννηθεί νέοin στη του παλιού the then observed trend wealthy people to buy inναpoor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof που πεθαίνει καθημερινά, ότιthere δενproperty μπορεί γεννηθεί London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. μια νέα αναπτυξιακή δυναμική χωρίς τις παθογένειες being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon ηis οποία includedθα in δώσει the work of Sociologist Ruth του παρελθόντος, θετική προοπτική A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major στους έλληνες πολίτες και ιδίως were στους νέους. in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations recorded cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. μεγάλες δυσκολίες το cities in Western countries, byαπό otherτις Researchers.

Since then, the issueΜια has preoccupied several scholarsνα andγεννηθεί for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more νέο στη θέση του παλιού, είναι η σύγχυση στην comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various comprehensive approach are being summarized the various των βασικών εννοιών, όπως from οι έννοιες της interpretations ofκατανόηση the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: interpretations of the phenomenon of thecategory following: της αξιοπρέπειας, τουof social δημοσίου In a sense, theδημοκρατίας, phenomenon is due togentrification, a trend of a new groups to “return” to theσυμφέροντος, city, leaving the της purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money εργατικότητας, της αξιοκρατίας, του and time to travelπατριωτισμού from the purlieusκλπ. to downtown, where work is, lackστην of the Η σύγχυση αυτήplace οδηγεί termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, ενός συνεκτικού Berlin, where she δυσκολία made her firstσυγκρότησης studies. In 1932 she published an important δημοσίου study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment.

Theστη same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for λόγου χώρα μας. lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, Αυτή η γενικευμένη αίσθηση των in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 she teacherκαι in the to another approach, the is due tobecame a πολιτών systematic and University informal Collegeιδίως of London, where she ότι continued her socialμπορεί research.να Herγίνει public action των νέων, τίποτα δεν ναand long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofγια buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. αναγεννηθεί ηCodepreciation χώρα σε όλους τους τομείς, αποτελεί τηin and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for the initially of part of the urban web, 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: εξέλιξη μετά από πολλά χρόνια(actually G. χειρότερη ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order δυνατή to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”,

252153 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification οικονομικής και κοινωνικής δυσπραγίας, αφού Concerns έχει καταρρεύσει σχεδόν κάθε ελπίδα προόδου.

54

Η πολιτική, επιχειρηματική και πνευματική Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS ηγεσία δείχνει δυστυχώς μεγάληByδυσκολία να βγάλει Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, τη χώρα από το αδιέξοδο και να δώσει ένα νέο όραμα

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect στους πολίτες της και κυρίως στους νέους.

Student of the School of Architecture Δεν φαίνεται να είναι ζήτημα μόνο πολιτικό TechnicalήUniversity of Crete οικονομικό, αλλά αντίθετα το πρόβλημα βρίσκεται στον 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept πυρήνα των βασικών αξιών και θεσμών που συγκροτούν 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ancient Greek philosopher, το ANTISTHENIS, δημόσιο χώρο.theΦαίνεται να χρειάζεται μια ριζική ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the αλλαγή σε θεσμούς και νοοτροπίες, μια νέα πνοή, πίστη among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. και ελπίδα of ότιknowledge η χώρα μπορεί ναthe ξεπεράσει τις the σημερινές acquisition starts with content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term της Based, δυσκολίες.

1 (and urban therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and Το μέγα ερώτημα είναι ofπώς πραγματοποιηθεί gentrification urban gentrification) isarea, indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” a cityθα the removal (in various μια τέτοια αναγέννηση στη χώρα μας, με αφοσίωση στη Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, of low-income and thethis placement of artists, δημοκρατία στηνusually ελευθερία. Ποιες πολιτικές και there the operation ofκαι art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever otherεπιχειρηματικές, consequences has, results also risingδυνάμεις of land prices (and theof κοινωνικές, πνευματικές whatever other consequences has, results rising of land prices (and the potential relative μπορούν να speculation). σηκώσουν το βάρος also της μεγάλης potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to προσπάθειας; The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed ofiswealthy buy property in poor Ποιο είναιtrend το νέο όραμα, «νέοtoto αφήγημα» που the then observed trend wealthyτο people buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof θα συνεγείρει τους έλληνες πολίτες και κυρίως London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there andτους thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. νέους και θα“squeezed”. και πάλιis included τη διάθεση και την being indirectly A description of δώσει this phenomenon in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth πεποίθηση ότι μπορεί η χώρα μας να πάρει μια καλλίτερη GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major θέσηinστην Ευρώπη και by τον κόσμο, ανάλογη με τις υλικές cities Western countries, other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Since then, the issue has several scholarsκαι and for its more και πνευματικές δυνάμεις πουResearchers. σήμερα διαθέτει Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from παραμένουν αναξιοποίητες; comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the δεν phenomenon of gentrification, the following: Προφανώς πρόκειται να γίνει κάποιο θαύμα, interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In aνα sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trendμεσσίας of a new ούτε περιμένουμε να φανεί κάποιος που θα of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money αναλάβει να ξεκολλήσει τη χώρα από τις σημερινές της and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the δυσκολίες. Οcomes μόνος είναι κοινή προσπάθεια 1.of The termat fromδρόμος Sociologist Ruth η GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, ηγεσιών where she made her first studies.

In 1932 she published an important study entitled: όσων και όσων πολιτών αντιλαμβάνονται ότι services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for δεν μπορεί ναof, συνεχισθεί η from σημερινή κατάσταση. Έτσι, lower living cost “withdrawal” private car access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and Neweasier York she came back to London, in According 1943 she studies cityphenomenon planning. sheto became teacher in the μπορεί ναpublished προκύψει ηregarding συνισταμένη τωνIn 1950 επιμέρους to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying κινήσεων και να δημιουργηθεί ένα ευρύτερο πολιτικό, her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: κοινωνικό και πνευματικό κίνημα ανανέωσης στη χώρα Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aμας variety of ways, order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually σε όλους τουςinτομείς του δημοσίου βίου.

2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, of intervention, ConcernsTypes ofαπὸ Gentrification "ΕΕ: Definition, ανακάμπτοντας την οικονομικὴ κρὶση Concerns και η αντiστροφη μὲτρηση του BREXIT" κ. Θεοδώρ. Α. ΚΑΛΛΙΑΝΟΥ

By Mr. Του George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Διδάκτ. Οικονομικών και Κοινωνικών Επιστημών Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect τουGeorge-Sp. Πανεπιστημίου του Αμβούργου Student of the School of Architecture Πτυχ. Οικ. Επιστ. Ε.Κ.Π.Α., Technical University of Crete

Επισκ. Καθηγητού Ευρωπαϊκής Ολοκληρώσεως Παν/μίου Βόννης, π. Στελέχους της Ε.Ε.

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept

1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), Abstract among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the amongThe other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established aof great the acquisition ofarticle knowledge starts with of the content concepts. refers tohe the actual recovering theof“principle”: EU from the acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term economic crisis and the countdown of BREXIT according to the 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification negotiating directives of the EU 27 in ofindicated the 22/5/2017.

Although both 1 (and urban gentrification gentrification) isarea, indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city the removal (in various developments in asthe economic and political field (recovery, BREXIT Sociology as well), the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, countdown) present a clear their reality is much ways), of social groups, usually oforientation low-income and thethis placement ofmore artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of complex and fragile.

Under the present circumstances seems that aof the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the more stable future is ongoing (for EUROZONE countries) while a whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). potential relative speculation). definitive (whenever will “lose – lose’’ a The termBREXIT gentrification is founditatoccurs) first in the UKbeinaearly 1960s and itrather refers to The term gentrification iswealthy foundmarket atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refers the then observed trend to buy property in poor ofto ‘’win-win’’ case for bothofsingle participants of today: EU-27 and the then observed wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas 1. trend London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof United Kingdom London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Η εορταστική ατμόσφαιρα των επετειακών 60 χρόνων, των being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Ευρωπαϊκών Συνθηκών της Ρώμης A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major κατά το at τρέχον έτος 2017while χαρακτηρίζεται απόwere τρειςrecorded αβεβαιότητες: GLASS the same period, similar situations in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. α) Κατά πόσοthe η issue διαπιστωμένη ανάκαμψη τηςscholars Ευρωζώνης την cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, has several and forμετά its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more κρίση είναι καθολική και διαρκής. comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various comprehensive approach are summarized from Βασιλείου the various β) Η αντίστροφη μέτρηση της being αποχωρήσεως του Ηνωμένου interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: interpretations the phenomenon of thecategory following: από Ε.Ε., σύμφωνα μεis due τηνγια πρώτη φορά - εφαρμοζόμενη In aτην sense, theof phenomenon togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups to “return”του to the city, leaving theΣυνθήκης purlieus forτης several reasons: high money διάταξη άρθρου 50 της Λισσαβόνας, θαcosts είναιinομαλή and to travel from και time προβλέψιμη και the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for 1 lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car access markets, etc.where studies Το andπαρόν research in Geneva, Prague, London and Neweasier York she came to back to London, άρθρο βασίζεται σε διάλεξη (EU:Recovering from Economic Crisis and in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and the Brexit countdown), που έγινε στις Βρυξέλλες στις 24/5/2017, σε μεταπτυχιακούς University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying Καναδούς φοιτητές Οικονομικών καιfor Πολιτικών Επιστημών.

St. Louis her work are characterized by a passion justice. See also: COLLINSΟργάνωση ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. των Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Université Βρυξελλών καιfor Υπηρεσίες τηςLondon Ε.Ε. 2009.

G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 252155 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

γ) Η αυξανόμενη απειλή της διεθνούς τρομοκρατίας σε άλλες χώρες της Ε.Ε. και του ΝΑΤΟ καθώς και οι πολιτικές και μηχανισμοί αποτελεσματικής αντιμετώπισής τους, έτσι ώστε η ειρήνη να καταστεί και πάλι αλώβητο αγαθό. Το παρόν άρθρο πραγματεύεται μόνο τις δύο πρώτες αβεβαιότητες υπό δύο βασικές προϋποθέσεις:

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS 1. Η ενθάρρυνση της εσωτερικής αγοράς και η δημιουργία της Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, τραπεζικής ένωσης θα συνεχιστούν όπως προβλέπει η επιτροπή

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect UNCKERστις περίφημες 10 πολιτικές προτεραιότητές της.

Student of the School of Architecture 2. Δεν θα υπάρξει άλλης «μείζονος σημασίας» γεγονός εκτός της Technical University of Crete Ε.Ε. με καταλυτικές επιπτώσεις όμως σε ένα ή περισσότερα 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept κράτη μέλη. (Π.χ. Έξαρση φαινομένου αναγκαστικής 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greekσε philosopher, μετανάστευσης, εμπλοκές πολεμικές επιχειρήσεις του ΝΑΤΟ, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the «διπλωματικοί πόλεμοι» κ.ά.). among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. Ένας επίσης αναγκαίος θεματικός περιορισμός, επιβάλλεται να acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term γίνειBased, εδώ ,therefore, ότι ανεξαρτήτως από τις οποιεσδήποτε άλλες παραμέτρους, 1 (and on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 που επηρεάζουν την οικονομική εξέλιξη και προοπτική της gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, ofΕ.Ε., Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (inπρέπει various να λαμβάνονται υπόψη: Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), ofπαγκοσμιοποίηση social groups, usually of low-income andτων thethis placement of artists, - η του εμπορίου και επενδύσεων the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof - η γήρανση του πληθυσμού και η υπογεννητικότητα των Κρατών whatever otherτης consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). Μελών Ε.Ε. potential relative speculation).

The gentrificationτης is found at first inτεχνολογίας the UK in early(ITTechnology) 1960s and it refersσε to - term οι εφαρμογές ψηφιακής The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor όλους τους trend τομείς και επίπεδα τηςtoοργανωμένης κοινωνίας καιof the then observed wealthy people buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are οικονομίας και stay τέλος, London, upgrade them, themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. οι επιπτώσεις κλιματικής αλλαγής being indirectly “squeezed”.

A- description of this της phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description of this phenomenon is included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth Περαιτέρω η υπόμνηση ότι η οικονομική πολιτική στην major Ε.Ε.

GLASS at the same period, while similar situations in other GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major επηρεάζεται απόResearchers. τη λειτουργία και δυναμισμό της cities in Westernπερισσότερο countries, by other cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more ενιαίας αγοράς (singlemarket) και λιγότερο από την οικονομική Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various πολιτική της Ε.Ε. (Εξόχως ελλειμματική λόγω π.χ. απουσίας ενιαίας comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of theπολιτικής phenomenon of gentrification, the following: δημοσιονομικής και υπάρξεως δέκα (!) διαφορετικών interpretations of the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups νομισμάτων) αποτελεί αυτονόητο δεδομένο. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Το γεγονός αυτό καθιστά την οποιαδήποτε Κυβερνητική πολιτική and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the (Governance) της Ε.Ε. Sociologist λιγότερο αξιόπιστη σε σχέση μεsearch άλλεςfor χώρες, 1.of The termat comes from Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS was born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, better Berlin, Η.Π.Α. where sheήmade her first όταν studies.«οι In 1932 she published an important study entitled: όπως Καναδά, αποκλειστικές αρμοδιότητες» της services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Κεντρικής κυβέρνησης είναι περισσότερες Ε.Ε. διότι τα lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Newαπό York αυτές she cameτης back to London, in According 1943 Μέλη she published studies regarding city planning.

In 1950 sheto became teacherαπό in the Κράτη «συντρέχουν» μεphenomenon συναρμοδιότητες σε πολλές toτης another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying αυτές , π.χ. οικονομική και κοινωνική πολιτική , περιβάλλον, μεταφορές her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: κ.ά.

G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

56

2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

Είναι διαπίστωση πλέον κοινή ότι η Ε.Ε. και ιδίως η Ευρωζώνη παρουσιάζουν, στοιχεία ανάκαμψης μετά την οικονομική και δημοσιονομική κρίση της τελευταίας οκταετίας (2009-2017, βλέπε γράφημα).

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof Ωστόσο παραμένουν πλέονsometimes των πολιτικών διαρθρωτικών London, upgrade them, stay themselves there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. διαφορών, μεγάλες εθνικές και περιφερειακές ανισότητες και being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth ασυμετρίες καθιστούν αναγκαίες τις εφαρμογές ειδικών πολιτικών A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at theπου same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major και προγραμμάτων (πολιτικές συνοχής, προγράμματα προσαρμογής, cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. π.χ. Ελλάδα ωςthe μόνη χώρα η οποία δεν several έχει ακόμα ανακάμψει, δηλαδή Since then, issue has scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive areρυθμούς being summarized from να παρουσιάσειapproach αυξητικούς παραγωγής). comprehensive approach are being summarized the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: Σε όρους ακαθάριστου εθνικού προϊόντος (ΑΕΠ)from κατά κεφαλή interpretations of the phenomenon thecategory following: a sense, the phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a2 trend of a new of social η Ελλάδα ευρίσκεται κάτωgroups του σε Inεπίπεδα αγοραστικής δύναμης to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Ευρωπαϊκού μέσου όρου και της Ευρωζώνης και σε φάση οικονομικής and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the κρίσης safety ενώ δέκα κράτη μέλη είναι άνω του Ευρωπαϊκού μέσου όρου. termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin,ανώτατη where she made her first studies.

In 1932 she published an important study entitled: Στην δε βαθμίδα η Ιρλανδία και το Λουξεμβούργο από τις services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for μικρές χώρες ακολουθούμενες από Ολλανδία, Αυστρία, Δανία, lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, Γερμανία, in According 1943 sheκ.ά. published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. 2 and selling real estate, etc., for theCo depreciation initially of partκαι of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

The Free Encyclopedia: Πηγή Ευρωπαϊκή Επιτροπή: Ελλάδα λιγότερο τουWIKIPEDIA: 20.000€ Ευρωπαϊκός μέσος Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aόρος variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually άνω των 27.000€.

252157 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

58

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever other consequences has, results also rising η of οικονομική land prices (and the potential relative speculation). Στον τομέα των κοινωνικών ανισοτήτων κρίση potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at firstόπως in the UK in early 1960s it refersμε to έχει αφήσει έντονα ίχνη σε χώρες η Ελλάδα και ηand Ισπανία The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor ποσοστά ανεργίας trend άνω τουwealthy 18% και 23% ενώ σεproperty χαμηλότερους δείκτες the then observed people to there buy in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof διαφέρουν σημαντικά όπου 20 χώρες της Ε.Ε. εμφανίζουν μονοψήφιο London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. αριθμό και μάλιστα του 7%(!). being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of thisλιγότερο phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Στο δεphenomenon ηwhile οικονομία της Ε.Ε.inwere παραμένει εξωστρεφής A description ofperiod, this is situations included the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at theσύνολο same similar recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major δηλαδή οι εξαγωγές υπερτερούν των εισαγωγών, αν και έχουν cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, issue has μειωτική τάσηthe τα τρία τελευταία χρόνια.several scholars and for its more Since then,λοιπόν the issue has several scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from Εντός αυτού του κλίματος οικονομικής ανάκαμψης, το comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations phenomenon of gentrification, αποτέλεσμα of- the κατά τον Ιούνιο 2016 the - following: του Βρετανικού interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a48% trend of a new social groups δημοψηφίσματος (52% LEAVE, REMAIN) και ofμάλιστα με to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money «εσωτερικές ασυμμετρίες» για το Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο, π.χ. Σκωτία, Β. and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Ιρλανδία καιatcomes Γιβραλτάρ άνω του 60% υπέρ της centres, παραμονής Ε.Ε.in 1.of The term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASSστην wasbetter born sense safety the distributed residencies outside town for Berlin, where she made her first studies.

In 1932 she published an important study entitled: (REMAIN) δημιουργεί νέα δεδομένα στις ήδη «διαφοροποιημένες services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for σχέσεις» του Ηνωμένου Βασιλείου και των υπολοίπων 27 lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and μεταξύ research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the Κρατών Μελών τηςstudies Ε.Ε.approach, to another the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Συνεχίζεται...

G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

2521 11

E¶.

A¶.

TO¶.

AYT. ¶EP. AN. / R.DEC. ADM. LOC. DEV. REG. / R. DEC. LOC. GOV. REG. DEV. E¶.

A¶.

TO¶.

AYT. ¶EP. AN. R.DEC. ADM. LOC. DEV. REG. R. DEC. LOC. GOV. REG. DEV. E¶.

A¶.

TO¶.

AYT. ¶EP. AN. / /R.DEC. ADM. LOC. DEV. REG. //R. DEC. LOC. GOV. REG. DEV.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 62

252159 11

E¶.

A¶.

TO¶.

AYT. ¶EP. AN. // R.DEC. ADM. LOC. DEV. REG. // R. DEC. LOC. GOV. REG. DEV. E¶.

A¶.

TO¶.

AYT. ¶EP. AN. / R.DEC. ADM. LOC. DEV. REG. / R. DEC. LOC. GOV. REG. DEV. E¶.

A¶.

TO¶.

AYT. ¶EP. AN. R.DEC. ADM. LOC. DEV. REG. R. DEC. LOC. GOV. REG. DEV.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

60

63 2521 11

E¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN.// R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG.// R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

A¶.

TO¶.

AYT. ¶EP. E¶.

A¶.

AN. R.DEC. ADM. LOC. DEV. REG. R. DEC. LOC. GOV. REG. DEV.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns Prodromos MAVRIDIS: Prodromos MAVRIDIS:

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Les Turcs dans l’Union Les Turcs l’Union Harvard University, Graduate Schooldans of Design, Student, C. ATHANASSOPOULOS européenne. Réflexions sur la By Mr. George-Sp. européenne.

Réflexions Architect sur la Student of the School of Architecture préémininence du droit. préémininence du droit.of Crete Technical University 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept La de l’éventuelle adhésion The question of Turkey’s possible 1. question Introductory approach: the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), de laANTISTHENIS, Turquie à l’ Union alimente une accession to the Union fuelling a the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 is BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the controverse passionnelle qui, trop heated controversy, which is too often, a among other wise heritage he leftthe us, he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with the content concepts. souvent, se nourrit d’a priori dictés par definition priori,of dictated by ideology and indeed acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term l’idéologie, voire par les fantasmes et le both fantasy and fanaticism. In his 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification fanatisme. Professeur de droit àParis X to this book, Antoine Lyon1 (and urban gentrification) ispreface gentrification indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Nanterre et directeur d’études à l’École Caen, a lecturer in law at Paris X Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social usually of low-income and theand placement of artists, de hautes étudesgroups, en sciences sociales, Nanterre Director there of Studies at the ways), ofLyon-Caen social groups, usually ofdès low-income andde the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.École However this “change”, regardless of Antoine le confirme hautes études en sciences the operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this whatever has,à results also rising of “change”, land (and theof l’entame deother la préface qu’il a donnée sociales, confirms thisprices fromregardless the outset whatever other consequences alsoherising of land prices benefits (and the potential relative speculation). cet ouvrage, lorsqu ’il relève quehas, la results when explains that Turkey potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is foundde at first infrom the UK early 1960s and it refers to Turquie bénéficie du «triste privilège» the in «sad privilege» of creating «the The«la term found first in the UK in earlyof 1960s and itareas refers the then observed ofiswealthy to buy property in poor ofto susciter plusgentrification richetrend floraison de lieuxatpeople richest flourishing commonplaces and the then observed trend wealthy people to there buyideas property in poor areas communs, ces idées sommaires, sans sometimes summary lacking in analytical London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thusfor oldthis residents are fondement analytique qui, pour cette foundations, which reason, being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. raison, circulent sans retenue». Ά circulate, in an illogical fashion».

Some A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description this phenomenon included the recorded work Ruth entendre uns, laof Turquie admise en is situations punditsin would haveof usSociologist believe GLASS atlesthe same period, while similar were in otherTurkish major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Europe ne serait rien d’autre qu’un accession to Europe would be no less cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. «cheval de Troie islamiste»; d’autres leur than bringing in an «Islamic Trojan Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more rétorquent, surthe le issue même mode horse»; other commentators respond in Since then, has preoccupied several scholars andthe for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from various abominablement simpliste, que s’ouvrir an otherwise but equally and comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: aux reviendrait à ouvrir lesof abominably way by claiming interpretations of the phenomenon thesimplistic following: InEuropéens a sense, the phenomenon is due togentrification, a trend of a new category of social groups portes de la Turquie aux «croisés des that opening up to the Europeans would to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money temps modernes». Ce n’est pas sur le mean opening Turkey’s doors to «the and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the terrain de ces anathèmes croisés, aussiRuth GLASS, crusades of the modern age». Itwas is not on termat comes from Sociologist 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, better stériles que dangereux, qu’entend se this terrain of torn and equally sterile Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,movements (possibly) YouthProdromos Unemployment.

The same year she left Germany after continuous situer MAVRIDIS, même and and dangerous anathema thatfor lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. to studies and research in du Geneva, Prague, New York she came back to London, s’il reconnaît être parti principe, pourLondon and Prodromos MAVRIDIS intendswhere in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and rédiger cet ouvrage, qu’une adhésion de tread, even though heHer does acknowledge University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying laher Turquie à l’Union «pourrait servir de his editing of this work are characterized by a passion for justice.that See the also:principle COLLINS for ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

The Free Encyclopedia: trait d’union pour une meilleure book is WIKIPEDIA: based on the idea that Turkey’s Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm acompréhension variety of ways, in order to achieve the accession “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually des différentes to the Union «could act as a 64

252161 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN.//R.DEC. /R.DEC. R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG.//R. /R. R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

A¶.

TO¶.

AYT. ¶EP. AN. ADM. LOC. DEV. REG. DEC. LOC. GOV. REG. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

cultures». En l’occurrence, ce qui est bridge for greater understanding of intéressant n’est pas tant le fruit de sa different cultures». In this case, what is réflexion personelle que le chemin interesting is not so much the fruit of his intellectuel qu’il emprunte pour l’étayer. personal reflection so much as the Arrivé à la Commission européenne intellectual path he has trodden in order comme stagiaire dans le cabinet du to back up his thesis.

Delors, l’auteur en est aujourd ’hui l’un The author originally started as a des hauts fonctionnaires, spécialisteBy Mr. George-Sp. trainee at President Delors’ cabinet at C. ATHANASOPOULOS reconnu de la libre circulation et de la the European Commission is now Harvard University, Graduate School of Design,and Student, sécurité sociale à la DG Emploi, AffairesBy Mr. George-Sp. one of the senior officials and recognised C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect sociales et Égalité des chances. C’est sur experts in the freedom of movement and Student of the School of Architecture la base de son expertise que ce juriste social security at DG Employment, Technical University of Crete qui, non content de fréquenter Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities.

1. Introductory Defining the concept assidûment la Cour approach: de justice, enseigne It is on the basis of his expertise that this 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept aussi dans trois Universités françaises - a philosopher, legal expert, who notBC, content to ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek (444 BC - 370 Athens), the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 time BC, Athens), bâti ANTISTHENIS, sa plaidoirie, enheritage partant duheconstat exlusively(444 his at the the among other wise left us, he established aspend great among other wiseduheritage he left us,definition he European established a great the que la prééminence droitstarts constitue le Court of Justice and teaching acquisition of knowledge with the of the content of“principle”: concepts. acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. «fondement de l’ordre public at three French yniversities - has Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, thechosen term 1lequel européen», implique des launch appeal, basedthe on term the Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated atofirst, if (in nothis final, approach, (and urban gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification «limitations la1souveraineté nationale» observation that pre-eminence of law gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thethe area of Planning) (or Sociology asàwell), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal from this, (in various dans le processus d’intégration qui constitutes the «basis of European public Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, valent tant pour États membres order», which implies «limitations to ways), of social groups, usually ofque low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of les art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of pour les pays candidats. Ά l’aune de ce national sovereignty in the process of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof constat, il relative explore la question applying member states whatever otherbrièvement consequences has, resultsintegration also rising of landtoprices (and the potential speculation). de savoir ce qu’est réellement un «État and and canditate countries alike.

In the potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to européen» etgentrification ce que veut dire laatpeople of this observation, briefly The term found first inlight the UK in early 1960s andhe itareas refers the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor ofto «capacité d’intégration», mais il observe explores the question of what really is of a the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents are surtout que l’Union, «fondée sur la «European state» and «integration London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. prééminence du“squeezed”. droit, est tenue de capacity». Above all, he points out that being indirectly A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth respecter ses engagements vis-à-vis de la the Union «based pre-eminence» A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the workonofthe Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar recorded in other major Turquie», tous ses engagements depuis of law and «is bidden to respect its GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. l’Accord d’association d’Ankara qui, en commitments to Turkey», including all of cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has severalmade scholars and for itsAnkara more 1963,Since avait prévu la réalisation graduelle those since the then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from de la libre circulation travailleurs, ainsi Association Agreement, which, in 1963, comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: que l’élimination des restrictions à la planned for the gradual accomplishment interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon dueof togentrification, a trend of amovement new of social groups liberté d’établissement et à laislibre of free of labour, as well as the to “return”des to the city, leaving purlieus forscrapping several reasons: high costs infreedom money prestation services, ouvrant the même la of restrictions on the and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where workand place is,provision lack of the possibilité d’envisager, à terme, une of establishment free of 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, better adhésion de la Turquie. Ces intentions services. It even included the was possibility Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “atenvisaging, the heart of thelong-term, city”,movements (possibly) ont étéUnemployment. ensuite concrétisées le left Germany of the Turkish Youth The same dans year she and afterin continuous for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies andadditionnel research in Geneva, London and New York she came back to London, Protocole entré enPrague, vigueur accession.

These intentions were then in According 1943 regarding cityphenomenon planning.

1950 sheto became in the to another approach, is due ainsystematic and en 1973she - published qui a étéstudies ponctué parthe furtherInmade official theteacher Additional University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying l’achèvementy de l’Union douanière le Protocol, which entered into force in her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, theCo depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 31 décembre 1995 -etc., et for dans trois and characterised by the conclusion 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London1973 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm adécisions variety ofduways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, Conseil d’association of the Customs Union of 31 (actually December

62

21 11 25 65

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG.// R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. R.DEC. ADM. LOC. DEV. REG. R. DEC. LOC. GOV. REG. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

relatives aux droits sociaux des 1995. Three decisions by the Association travailleurs turcs. Curieusement, deux de Council on Turkish social and labour law ces décisions n’ont jamais été publiées au were also added to these achievements.

Journal officiel, et la troisième ne l’a été Curiously, two of these decisions have qu’au titre de «communication», pas de never been published in the Official «législation», ce qui laissait aux États Journal and the third was only published membres les mains libres pour agir à leur as a «communication» and not guise. C’était compter sans l’interventionBy Mr. George-Sp. «legislation» ,C. which left it up to member ATHANASOPOULOS de la Cour européenne de Harvard justice qui, states to interpret asStudent, they so University, Graduate School of them Design, alors que ces différents textes neBy Mr. George-Sp. wished. ThisC.failed to count on the ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect semblaient pas contraignants, a intervention of the European Court of Student of the School of Architecture commencé, à partir de 1987, à les Justice (given that these different texts Technical University of Crete interpréter de manière extensive, en did not appear binding), which, as from 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept veillant à ce que le droit communautaire 1987, began to subject them to extensive 1.

Introductory approach: the interpretation concept (444 BCand devienne, pour les travailleurs turcs, «un philosopher, ensure that ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370for BC, rempart contre les lois du marché, qui Community(444 law became, allAthens), Turkish among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he workers, established a greatagainst font du migrant un homme jetable après «a rampart the laws the of acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content of“principle”: concepts. emploi».

En clair,onauthis fil“principle” d’une acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. market, which turns immigrants into Based, therefore, a the first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and cinquantaine d’arrêts qui“principle” sont tothe throw away afterthe work is Based, therefore, on this inindicated asomething first, if (in not final, approach, term urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1l’auteur commentés au même titre done». around fifty rulings, gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom area of Planning) (or Sociology aspar well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, theFollowing removal this, (in various que tousofles accords deasbase, la Courofa low-income faitof a city commented on by the author, as artists, he also Sociology as well), the “refining” area, from this, of (in various ways), social groups, usually andthe theremoval placement there en sorte que l’Accord d’association does with all the other basic agreements, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of devienne partie intégrante droit the European Justice, decided the operation ofconsequences art galleries,du restaurants, etc.

However “change”, regardless whatever other has, results also risingthis ofCourt landofprices (and theof communautaire et a ainsi permis que les that the Association Agreement should whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). travailleurs turcs puissent s’éloigner «de become an integral part of Community potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to allow Turkish l’extranéité pour pénétrer, partiellement, The term gentrification found atpeople first inlaw the UKsubsequently in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy toand buy property in poor workers to come in from the cold «and dans le cercle des citoyens de l’Union». the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof partially, penetrate the circle of citizens D’où ce commentaire du Pr. Lyon-Caen: London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. of the Union». This explains why «L’on mesure mieux, grâce à cet ouvrage, being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Professor asserts that, ce qu’apporte un processus de A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere theLyon-Caen work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar recorded in other major «thanks to this book, we are bettermajor able juridification, tel que celui dont les Turcs GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. to measure how this judicial process has ont pu tirer profit». cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then,de the issue has several scholars and citizens». for its more been of benefit to Turkish Toutefois, par ces Accord, Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized Nonetheless, via from these agreements, in Protocole et décisionsapproach tels qu»interprétes comprehensive are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of thelaphenomenon of gentrification, the following: addition to the protocol and decisions par la Cour de justice, question se pose interpretations of the phenomenon thecategory following: In de a sense, dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of socialCourt groups interpreted by the European of aussi savoirthe si phenomenon la Turquie, enisoutre to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Justice, there is also the question of nantie désormais de son statut de pays and time to témoigne travel from de the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lackfrom of the whether Turkey, now benefiting its candidat, la même 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, status as candidate country, is subject to considération que l’Union pour «l’ordre Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, entertainment “at same the heart of the city”,movements (possibly) the the Union public baséeducation, sur la same prééminence Youtheuropéen Unemployment.

The year she left Germany and consideration after continuousas for lower living cost question, of, in “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies andCette research Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to public London, where with regard to, «European order du droit».

Prodromos in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 sheto became teacher in the tol’élude another approach, is due a systematic and based on the pre-eminence of law».

MAVRIDIS ne pas, bien authe University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying Prodromos MAVRIDIS does not contraire, instruit ce dossier avec la her work lui arequi characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part the urban in attempt evade the of question and,web, on the même méticulosité juridique.

Examen 10th edit.

Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aréussi? variety ofcarences ways, inrestent order Abstract. to achieve the contrary, “assisted”, “voluntary”, tackles it with (actually the same Des patentes 66

252163 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

E¶. A¶. TO¶. AYT. ¶EP. AN. / R.DEC. ADM. LOC. DEV. REG. / R. DEC. LOC. GOV. REG. DEV.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if not final, approach, the gentrification) (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification meticulous judicial approach asterm he 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various tackles the rest of the book. Does he pull Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city off? area, the fromthere this, of (inTurkish various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and theremoval placement artists, There are obviously glaring ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, which is why the author the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.shortcomings, However this “change”, regardless of dans le chef d’Ankara.

D’où la bonne the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless part ofof hisland conclusion, idea the putof whatever other de consequences has, alsoasrising pricesan (and idée de l’auteur citer, en guise de resultscites, whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices the forward

by Jacques Delors(and at the conclusion, un propos tenu par Jacques potential relative speculation). potential relative speculation). of Palma «for Delors Collège européen de Theau term gentrification isParme founden at first inEuropean the UK inCollege early 1960s andinit2005, refers to The term gentrification found first in the UK in 1960s and itareas refers Turkey, it is aearly question whether the 2005: «Pour la Turquie, la question est deatpeople the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in of poor ofto European in the face ofareas rising the then observed trend wealthy people to there buyUnion, property in poor savoir si l’Union européenne, devant la sometimes London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof fundamentalism, otherness London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there andrejection thus oldof residents are montée des intégrismes, du rejet de being indirectly “squeezed”. and violent attacks, has to say no, l’autre et la violence des attentats, doit being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth definitively.

If it did, would be dire non, définitivement non.phenomenon En agissant A description ofperiod, this is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar inweother major reinforcing the feeling thatinthe Christian ainsi, nous renforcerions le sentiment que GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. world rejects the Muslim world. Should lecities monde chrétien rejette lebymonde in Western countries, other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more weseveral not be scholars sending and out for a different musulman.

Est-ce qu’il nehas fautpreoccupied pas Since then, the issue its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various message that below, demonstrates our openness donner le signe contraire, montrant notre comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thepassion following: of spirit, our through respect for ouverture d’esprit, notre passion par le interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of aand new of social groups others their convictions, in favour of respect des autres et de leurs convictions, to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus forthe several high costs money pathreasons: of dialogue andinmutual pour le chemin du dialogue et de la and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where This workisplace is, lack of the recognition? what the European reconnaissance mutuelle?

C’est ce qu’a 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, has done by saying yes to fait le Conseil européen disant oui à la In 1932Council Berlin, where she made her first studies. she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart the city”, (possibly) negotiations.

Noof more than movements that.

It is upfor négociation.

Pas plus. Άsame chacun Youth Unemployment.

The year de she left Germany and after continuous lower living cost “withdrawal” from private easier access markets, etc.where to car all of us to demonstrate that we can studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came to back to London, démontrer que l’onof, peut vivre ensemble, in 1943 she published studies regarding city planning.

In 1950 she became teacher in the According to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and live together, in a spirit of diversity, dans un esprit de différences et sous University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying subject to bona fide rules acceptable to l’emprise du jeu acceptées par her workdes are règles characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realreste estate, etc., for depreciation initially part of the urban in all.

The WIKIPEDIA: testofwill still need to beweb, taken, tous.

Le à faire, authe cours 10th edit.test Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm through negotiations». a Gentrification: variety ofdes ways, in order Abstract. to achieve theprecisely “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually précisément négociations».

64

Michel Theys

Michel Theys 2521 11 67

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types και of Intervention, Άτομο, Κοινωνία Οικονομία: ΣχέσειςTypes Αλληλεξάρτησης Definition, of intervention, Concerns of Gentrification Concerns Του Καθηγητή Σπύρου Ι. ΒΛΙΑΜΟΥ

Κοσμήτορος Σχολής Οικονομικών Επιστημών και Διοίκησης Νεάπολις, Πάφος,

By Mr.Πανεπιστημίου George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Πολιτικής Οικονομίας HarvardΟμότιμου University,Καθηγητή Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Εθνικού και Καποδιστριακού Παν/μίου Αθηνών

Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete Θα ήθελα να ξεκινήσω με μια διαπίστωση η οποία διαρκώς

επαναλαμβάνεται στον ηλεκτρονικό 1. Introductory approach: Definingκαι the έντυπο conceptτύπο αλλά ακόμα (και αυτό είναι1. Introductory ιδιαίτερα ανησυχητικό) διατυπώνεται μεγάλο μέρος του the conceptαπό ANTISTHENIS,approach: the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), 1 ακαδημαϊκού κόσμου: ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the Η Οικονομική Επιστήμη βρίσκεται σε κρίση σήμερα. among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the Πολλοί ότι απόδειξη γιa first, αυτόif of είναι η approach, αδυναμία τηςterm να acquisition of θεωρούν knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” not final, the προβλέψει και ερμηνεύσει την τρέχουσα χρηματοοικονομική (ή μήπως, ακόμα 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban χειρότερα, κρίση με τα εργαλεία καιthis, τιςPlanning) υποθέσεις gentrification gentrification) indicated (in thefrom area of (or Sociology asοικονομική;) well), as the “refining” of aπαραδοσιακά cityisarea, the removal (in various που προσφέρει η ‘κρατούσα’ οικονομική θεωρία. Πολύ δε περισσότερο, Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ισχυρίζομαι ότι δεν μπορεί να ofοδηγήσει μόνο σεplacement έξοδο από αυτήν την ways), of social groups, usually low-income and thethis there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.όχι However “change”, regardless of κρίση αλλά και σε ‘μόνιμη’ παραμονή έξω από αυτήν με τα ‘εργαλεία’ που the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof προτείνει. Ακόμα δε χειρότερο είναι το γεγονός, όπως πολλοί whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land παραδέχονται, prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation). ότιThe οι term οικονομολόγοι θεωρούνται κατάin πρωταρχικό λόγο υπεύθυνοι που gentrification is found at first the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refers οδηγηθήκαμε μέσαtrend σ’ αυτήν την κρίση, την των 70 the then observed ofiswealthy toχειρότερη buy property inτελευταίων poor ofto the then observed trend of wealthy people to there buy property in poor areas ετών. Καιupgrade τούτο γιατί ηstay οικονομική θεωρία όπως εξελίχθηκε το δεύτερο London, them, themselves sometimes and thusκατά old residents areof London, upgrade them,δεν stayέλαβε themselves sometimes and thus φύση, old residents are αιώνα, υπόψη της τηνthere ανθρώπινη δηλαδή μισό του 20ου “squeezed”. being indirectly being indirectly “squeezed”. (αυτό που αποτελεί τη βασική θέση της παρούσας ομιλίας) τα ζωϊκά A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon isτα included inwere the recorded work κίνητρα of Sociologist Ruth πνεύματα των ανθρώπων, δηλαδή μη οικονομικά καιmajor τις GLASS at the same while similar situations in other GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major παράλογες συμπεριφορές αυτών. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Αλλά γιατί όχι; Since then, the issue has several scholars andthe forδιάρκεια its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being μέχρι summarized below, various Ας αναλογιστούμε τί πιστεύαμε τώρα. Πριν και from κατά τη comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the interpretations of the phenomenon gentrification, following: αιώνα)various της Μεγάλης Κρίσης 1929-33 (ηofτραγωδία του the περασμένου όσοι interpretations theάκρο phenomenon the following: In a sense,στο theof phenomenon dueof togentrification, a trend of a new category of social groups βρίσκονταν ένα του isπολιτικοοικονομικού φάσματος πίστευαν ότι η to “return” τα to the leaving the forαγορές several αυτοβούλως reasons: high και costsχωρίς in money οικονομία είχεcity, καταφέρει: οιpurlieus ιδιωτικές την and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, place is, lack of the κυβερνητική παρέμβαση θα εξασφάλιζαν την where πλήρηwork απασχόληση σαν να 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed outside town centres, υπήρχε ‘ένα αόρατο χέρι’ που residencies κατηύθυνε τα πράγματα. Όσοι είχαν αυτές τις Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of πρότειναν health, education, entertainment “atπροϋπολογισμό the heart of the city”, (possibly) απόψεις και movements ελάχιστηfor Youth Unemployment.

Theένα sameισοσκελισμένο year she left Germany and after continuous lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York cameτου backφάσματος to London, κυβερνητική παρέμβαση. Όσοι όμως ήταν στην άλληshe άκρη (οι in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and σοσιαλιστές) πίστευαν ότι η ανεργία της δεκαετίας του ‘30 θα μπορούσε να University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying ξεπεραστεί αν η κυβέρνηση και θα εξάλειφε την her work are μόνο characterized by a passionαναλάμβανε for justice. See τον also:έλεγχο COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 1 Ομιλία στο Πανεπιστήμιο Νεάπολις, Πάφος.

252165 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

66

ανεργία αν η ίδια έκανε τις προσλήψεις. Το 1936 ο Keynes ακολούθησε μια περισσότερο μετριοπαθή προσέγγιση και έδωσε την άποψή του για τη λειτουργία της οικονομίας και τις δυνάμεις που την επηρεάζουν. (Γι’ αυτό θα μιλήσουμε παρακάτω.) Περιέγραψε με ποιό τρόπο αξιόχρεες κυβερνήσεις μπορούσαν να δανείζονται και να δαπανούν κάνοντας ελλειμματικές δαπάνες και έτσι να δημιουργούν και πάλι νέες θέσεις εργασίας. Έτσι σιγα-σιγά η ανεργία εξαφανίστηκε και μεταπολεμικά είχαμε την εμπειρία πολύ υψηλών

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS ρυθμών ανάπτυξης. Σε γενικές γραμμές λοιπόν η παγκόσμια οικονομία Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, καθ’όλη την μεταπολεμική περίοδο By ήταν, μέχρι πρότινος ακόμη, επιτυχής.

Mr.και George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Άρχισε τότε να δημιουργείται μια νέα Student σχολή of οικονομικής (ο the School ofσκέψης Architecture Κεϋνσιανισμός) που έμελλε να γιγαντωθεί σε ένα μεγάλο ιδεολογικό ρεύμα Technical University of Crete που καθόρισε την οικονομική πολιτική του περασμένου αιώνα.

1. Introductory Defining the concept και δικαιολογούσαν ένα Τα πάντα approach: λοιπόν ήταν τακτοποιημένα 1.

Introductory approach: Defining theΗconcept εφησυχασμό της οικονομικής νομισματική δημοσιονομική ANTISTHENIS, the ancient πολιτικής.

Greek philosopher, (444 BCκαι - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the πολιτική θεωρούνταν ότι ήταν απόλυτα αποτελεσματικές στην αντιμετώπιση among other wise heritage leftthe us, he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of(μείωση knowledge startshe with definition of the content concepts. υφέσεων επιτοκίων, αύξηση ρευστότητας στην αγορά, acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term χρηματοδότηση κατανάλωσης με μείωση φόρων ή/και αύξηση δημοσίων 1 (and urban Based,κλπ). therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification δαπανών, 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Μέχρι που ξέσπασε η παρούσα κρίση. Αν δεχθούμε ότι δεν υπήρξε ένα Sociology as well), asπου the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (in various ways), of social groups, usually low-income andthe theremoval placement artists, εξωγενές γεγονός την ofπροκάλεσε (πόλεμος, επανάσταση, φυσική ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of τότε art galleries, restaurants, However this “change”, regardless of καταστροφή), διαπιστώνουμε ότιetc. ήταν ‘η απόληξη μιας μακρόχρονης the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the πορείας και συγκεκριμένων πολιτικών και επιλογών’ που έχουν υπαγορευθείof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative από οικονομολόγους, έχουν αναληφθεί από κυβερνήσεις και έχουν εκτελεστεί potential relative speculation). term gentrification is found at first the UK in early 1960s and itτώρα refersμια to απόThe τους πολίτες. Άρα, η επανάληψη τηςinΜεγάλης Κρίσης αποτελεί The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor πραγματικότητα επειδή οι οικονομολόγοι, η κυβέρνηση και το ευρύτερο κοινό the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus residents areof τα τελευταία χρόνια εφησυχασμό. τα old μαθήματα της London, upgrade them,επέδειξαν stay themselves sometimesΞεχάσαμε there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. δεκαετίας του ’30. Τότε που μάθαμε με ποιο τρόπο πραγματικά λειτουργεί η being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon includedρόλος in the της workκυβέρνησης of Sociologist Ruth οικονομία και ποιος μπορεί να είναι is οisσωστός μέσα σ’ A description ofperiod, this phenomenon included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar situations in other major αυτή.

GLASS at the same period, situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, bywhile othersimilar Researchers. Διαμορφώθηκε επομένως έναResearchers. πλέγμα ιδεών μέσα στο οποίο κινήθηκαν cities in Western countries, by other Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more τα άτομα που κλήθηκαν παίζουν διάφορους ρόλους, όπως των Since then, the issue να has several scholars andαυτούς for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from the τραπεζιτών, των πολιτικών, των στελεχών διεθνών οργανισμών αλλά και το comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: ρόλο των πολιτών των ψηφοφόρων, των the καταναλωτών και των interpretations theδηλ. phenomenon following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new category of social groups παραγωγών. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Αν to λοιπόν άτομα είναι αυτά που προκαλούν όλα τα θαυμαστά αλλά and time travelτα from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the και 1.όλα τα at επαίσχυντα πράγματα, δεν θα1912-1940. έπρεπε να search γνωρίζουμε, term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, Ruth GLASS wasbetter bornήin sense ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, for Berlin, where she her first studies.

1932 she published an important study entitled: τουλάχιστον να made προσπαθήσουμε ναInμάθουμε, πώςheart καθορίζεται η ανθρώπινη services of health, education, entertainment “at the of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for συμπεριφορά; lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, Οι sheοικονομολόγοι ασχολούνται με την In ανθρώπινη συμπεριφορά in According 1943 published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College London, where she continued her social research.

Her public and δεχόμενοι ότι τοofάτομο τη groups, μεγιστοποίηση των συμφερόντων του. long-term effort επιδιώκει by organized manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. Και έτσι διατυπώνουν τη θεωρία της Ορθολογικής Επιλογής. Δηλαδή and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, οι in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: άνθρωποι ενεργούν μόνο με οικονομικά κίνητρα και ενεργούν μόνον G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

ορθολογικά. Με άλλα λόγια, χρησιμοποιούν τις πληροφορίες που έχουν στη διάθεσή τους για να κάνουν ορθολογικές προβλέψεις. Με τον τρόπο αυτόν καταλήγουν σε μια ορθολογική απόφαση που βασίζεται στις ορθολογικές προβλέψεις αυτές. Έχω όμως την εντύπωση ότι ζητάμε πολλά από τον ‘μέσο’ άνθρωπο. Πιστεύω πως πολύ λίγες φορές και πολύ λιγότεροι άνθρωποι επεξεργάζονται τις πληροφορίες που έχουν, μέσα από την ορθολογική σκέψη (ιδίως μάλιστα όταν έχουν εθιστεί σε ένα ‘διαφορετικό’ τρόπο σκέψης). Αλλά

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS ακόμα και όταν τις επεξεργάζονται μπορεί να μην ενεργήσουν ορθολογικά. Οι Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, οικονομολόγοι καθηγητής George Akerlof, κάτοχος τουC.βραβείου Νόμπελ στα

By Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect οικονομικά και ο καθηγητής Robert Shiller, σε πρόσφατο βιβλίο τους, Student of the School of Architecture θεωρούν ότι άν οι άνθρωποι ήταν απολύτως ορθολογικοί θα υπήρχαν Technicalδεν University of Crete υφέσεις και κρίσεις, αρά το ορθολογικό μοντέλο είναι ανεπαρκές. Θεωρώ 1. Introductory approach: the απλουστευτική concept λοιπόν ότι πρόκειται για Defining μια πολύ υπόθεση η οποία 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 υποβαθμίζει τον πραγματικό και καθοριστικό ρόλο στο ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC του - 370 ατόμου BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the οικονομικό καιwise κοινωνικό γίγνεσθαι. among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he ηestablished a great the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content of“principle”: concepts. Ο Keynes διατύπωσε την άποψη ότι οικονομία δεν κυβερνάται ΜΟΝΟ acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the κάθε term από ορθολογικά σκεπτόμενους δρώντες, οι οποίοι συμμετέχουν σε 1 (and urban Based, therefore, this inindicated a first, if (in not final, approach, the ένα term gentrification) the area of Planning) (or gentrification συναλλαγή που είναι on προς το“principle” αμοιβαίο is οικονομικό τους όφελος, αλλά ότι 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various μεγάλο μέρος της οικονομικής δραστηριότητας κυβερνάται από ‘ζωϊκά Sociology as well), as the “refining” of aμη cityοικονομικά area, from this, (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement there of πνεύματα’ (animal spirits), δηλ. από κίνητρα και παράλογες ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, However this “change”, regardless of συμπεριφορές. Δηλαδή οιrestaurants, άνθρωποιetc. επιδιώκοντας τα οικονομικά τους the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the συμφέροντα δεν δρουν πάντοτε ορθολογικά, αλλά είναι πολλές φορέςof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative πραγματικά ανθρώπινοι. Οι άνθρωποι συνήθως ενεργούν με το τι πιστεύουν potential relative speculation).

The termαλήθεια. gentrification is found at first inσε theμεγάλο UK in early 1960s it refers to πως είναι Και αυτό καθορίζει βαθμό τιςand οικονομικές The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor διακυμάνσεις και τη δημιουργία της ακούσιας ανεργίας. the then observed trend of wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves and thus old residents areof Κατά τη γνώμη μου η άποψη αυτή εξηγεί τιςthere υποκείμενες του London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes and thus αστάθειες old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. καπιταλισμού. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included the work of Sociologist στην Ruth ανθρώπινη φύση είναι μυστηριώδης. Οιinκοινωνικοί AΗdescription ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded workεπιστήμονες of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major προσπάθειά τους ναperiod, αναλύσουν και μελετήσουν τηνrecorded ατομικήinδράση και GLASS at the same while similar situations were other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. συμπεριφορά, πάντοτε επισημαίνουν μεγάλες διαφορές μεταξύ των ατόμων. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more ΑυτήSince είναιthen, και ηthe αιτία που τις περισσότερες φορέςscholars προσεγγίζουν issue has several andthe forτο itsθέμα more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from various μέσα από αθροιστικότητες και συλλογικά σχήματα ατομικής συμπεριφοράς comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: και έχουν αναπτύξει μεθόδους οι of οποίες επιχειρούν να αντιμετωπίσουν το interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is due togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups θέμα συχνά μέσα από μη συστηματικές ή/και ad hoc υποθέσεις. Βεβαίως κάθε to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money κοινωνική επιστήμη έχει αναπτύξει διαφορετικές προσεγγίσεις στην and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the αντιμετώπιση των πράξεων αυτό1912-1940. σημαίνει ότι κάθε πουin 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruthκαι GLASS, Ruth GLASSφορά wasbetter born sense safety the ατομικών distributed residencies outside town centres, search for Berlin, where she made her first studies. Inπροτείνεται, 1932 she published an αυτή study entitled: μία λύση συγκεκριμένο πρόβλημα λύση αποτελεί μόνο services ofσεhealth, education, entertainment “at the η heart ofimportant the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment.

The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for μερική αντιμετώπιση. lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, Όμως ηtoανθρώπινη συμπεριφορά καθορίζεται από σύμπλεγμα in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 sheto became teacher in the another approach, the is due aένα systematic and University informal College London, where she continued her social παρέχεται research. brokers Herμόνο public action and παραμέτρων καιof επομένως, ολοκληρωμένη λύση τη long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofαπό buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. χρήση τουrealσυνόλου των διαθεσίμων πληροφοριών αφορούν and selling estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of partπου of the urban web,τις in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: ανθρώπινες πράξεις.

G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

252167 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

68

Πιστεύω ότι η θέση αυτή έχει δημιουργήσει το υπόβαθρο και έχει προκαλέσει την έναρξη σημαντικών συζητήσεων για το ενδεχόμενο μιας ενοποιημένης κοινωνικής επιστήμης, ακολουθώντας ανάλογα επιχειρήματα από τον χώρο των φυσικών επιστημών όπου ήδη συντελείται εκτενής συζήτηση που αφορά την λεγόμενη ενοποιημένη θεωρία πεδίου ή θεωρία των πάντων. Ο J. Schumpeter ήδη από το 1908 αναφέρθηκε στο δόγμα που

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS ασχολείται με την κοινωνική ανάλυση και το άτομο, και το δόγμα αυτό Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, ανθρώπινη συμπεριφορά καθορίζεται ονόμασε ‘μεθοδολογικό μονισμό’, δηλ.

ByηMr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect από κανόνες (θεσμούς) οι οποίοι με την σειρά τους ρυθμίζουν τις αγοραίες Student of the School of Architecture διαδικασίες, συμβάλλοντας έτσι στην κοινωνική ευταξία. Οι University δε θεσμοίofείναι Technical Crete ‘ανθρωπίνως επινοημένοι περιορισμοί.....[οι οποίοι] διαμορφώνουν κίνητρα για the concept την1. Introductory ανθρώπινη approach: ανταλλαγή,Defining είτε αυτή είναι πολιτική, κοινωνική είτε 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 οικονομική’. Αρκετά the αργότερα, 1984, ο Kenneth Arrow, ANTISTHENIS, ancient το Greek philosopher, BC κάτοχος - 370 BC,βραβείου Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BCτο -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other heritage left us,ισχυρίστηκε he established a ‘….. great the Νόμπελ στα wise Οικονομικά κιheαυτός, ότι άτομο σε μια among other wise heritage left us, he established a Οτιδήποτε greatof“principle”: the acquisition knowledge startshe with the definition the content concepts. οικονομία ήofκοινωνία ομοιάζει με το άτομο στη of χημεία. συμβαίνει acquisition ofπεριγραφεί knowledge starts with theindefinition the content concepts.

Based,να therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term μπορεί και αποδοθεί αποκλειστικά σταof άτομα που 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in not final, approach, term gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification συμμετέχουν…..’ εννοώντας ότι όλες οι κοινωνικές διεργασίες είναι σε the τελική 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ανάλυση διεργασίες μεταξύ των ατόμων...... και τα άτομα δρουν μέσα σε ένα Sociology as καθορίζεται well), as the “refining” of a city area, the from this, (inάλλους various ways), of που social groups, usually andάλλων theremoval placement there artists, πλαίσιο από of τιςlow-income δράσεις των καθώς και απόof ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, However το thisέθιμο, “change”, regardless of παράγοντες, όπως είναι η restaurants, ικανότητα, etc. ο πλούτος, η συνήθεια, η the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the αντίληψη, η γνώση, η μάθηση και το κίνητρο ή και όλα αυτά μαζί. whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). Άλλοι συγγραφείς αρκετές δεκαετίες πριν από σήμερα, προσπάθησαν potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found συμπεριφορά at first in the UK 1960s and it refers to να ερμηνεύσουν την ανθρώπινη μεinτηearly χρήση μεθοδολογίας η The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in Hans Albert οποία δεν παρέχεται κατ’ ανάγκη από την οικονομική θεωρία. Οpoor the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade stay of themselves and thus old residents areof από το 1979 για them, παράδειγμα, επέμεινε στη χρήση there ερευνητικού London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes and thusπρογράμματος old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. στα οικονομικά το οποίο βασίζεται στη εμπειρική ψυχολογία, (με τον being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth ισχυρισμό ότι απολύτως φορμαλιστικά υποδείγματα αναπτυγμένα υπό τη A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major σκέπη της νεοκλασικής θεωρίας πάσχουν από μεθοδολογικά κενά και τα GLASS at the same period, situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, bywhile othersimilar Researchers. αποκάλεσε ‘υποδείγματα πλατωνισμού’). cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more Επομένως, η ανθρώπινη συμπεριφορά και ηscholars ανθρώπινη αντίδραση Since then, the issue has several andthe for its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from various μπορούν να μελετηθούν μέσαare από ένα σύνολο κινήτρων και from περιορισμών τα comprehensive approach being summarized below, the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: οποία προσδιορίζουν τη δράση. Επομένως η ανθρώπινη δραστηριότητα interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups μπορεί να θεωρηθεί ως μια διαρκής δραστηριότητα ‘επίλυσης to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: highπροβλημάτων’ costs in money (problem-solving activity), υπό to την έννοια where ότι οιwork άνθρωποι πάντοτε and time to travel from the purlieus downtown, place is, lack of the αντιμετωπίζουν καταστάσεις με Ruth προβλήματα πουcentres, προσπαθούν να ταin 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for was born sense safety the distributed residencies outside town better Berlin, whereΚάθε she made her first studies.

In 1932 she λοιπόν publishedείναι an important study entitled: επιλύσουν. ανθρώπινη δραστηριότητα η αντίδραση στις services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,movements (possibly)for Youth Unemployment.

The same year she left Germany and after continuous καταστάσεις αυτές. Κάθε ανθρώπινη ύπαρξη μαθαίνει από τοtoπεριβάλλον που lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access markets, etc. studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where ζει, το οποίο με τη σειρά του προσδιορίζεται από μια πραγματικότητα, όπως in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social Her public and την αντιλαμβάνονται άτομα. Επομένως, μίαresearch. κατάσταση επίλυσης long-term informal effort τα by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. προβλημάτων απαιτεί αντίληψη της πραγματικότητας συγκεκριμένου and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of partτου of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: προβλήματος και μάθηση από το περιβάλλον.

G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

Το ερώτημα είναι λοιπόν τι κάνει τα άτομα να συμπεριφέρονται και να αντιδρούν με διάφορετικούς τρόπους μέσα στο ίδιο ή παρόμοιο κοινωνικό περιβάλλον; Η ανθρώπινη συμπεριφορά χωρίς αμφιβολία επηρεάζεται από τον τρόπο με τον οποίο το άτομο αντιλαμβάνεται την πραγματικότητα (εσωτερικοί παράγοντες), καθώς και από την ύπαρξη θεσμών και οργανισμών οι οποίοι διαμορφώνουν το περιβάλλον μέσα στο οποίο τα άτομα ζουν και δραστηριοποιούνται (εξωτερικοί παράγοντες). Έρευνες έχουν δείξει

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS ότι η παρότρυνση φαίνεται να είναι το στοιχείο-κλειδί των συμπεριφορικών Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, μεταβολών, οι οποίες οδηγούν τις ανθρώπινες πράξεις. ψυχολογία Architect δέχεται

By Mr. George-Sp. C.Η ATHANASSOPOULOS ότι η έννοια της παρότρυνσης είναι το άθροισμα των προθέσεων του ατόμου, Student of the School of Architecture μαζί με τους στόχους, τις ανάγκες και τους σκοπούς του.

Technical University of Crete (Οι θεωρίες λοιπόν που αφορούν την παρότρυνση και τις προθέσεις 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept έχουν ασκήσει μεγάλη έλξη στους ψυχολόγους με προεξάρχουσες τις θεωρίες 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept τουANTISTHENIS, ‘Ιεραρχικού Συστήματος των Ανθρωπίνων Αναγκών’ (Maslow, 1970) της the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC,και Athens), among other heritage heΣυμπεριφοράς’ left us, he established a1991, great the ‘Θεωρίας τηςwise Σχεδιασμένης (Ajzen,(444 2005) του among other wise heritage leftthe us, he established a great the acquisition of knowledge startshe with definition of(Krueger, the content of“principle”: concepts. ‘Υποδείγματος του Επιχειρηματικού Συμβάντος’ 2003). Πρέπει να acquisition ofκαι knowledge starts withθεωρητικές theindefinition of the content of concepts.

Based, ότι therefore, this “principle” a first, ifκατασκευές not final, approach, the term τονιστεί οιonτρεις αυτές είναι εμπειρικά 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this inindicated a first,οικονομολόγοι if (in notthe final, approach, term gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification θεμελιωμένες. Όμως και“principle” διακεκριμένοι τις the έχουν 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various χρησιμοποιήσει για να δικαιολογήσουν την ανθρώπινη συμπεριφορά.)

Sociology as well), asστην the “refining” of a city area, removal from this, (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theΔιαφωνίας placement there of Στηριζόμενοι Θεωρία της Γνωσιακής οι Akerlof και ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of Dickens το 1982 μεgalleries, τη σημαντική πρωτοποριακή εργασία τους, έδειξαν ότι τα the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the άτομα επιλέγουν να διαμορφώσουν τις πεποιθήσεις και τις απόψεις τους, άραof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative και τις πράξεις τους, με τέτοιο τρόπο ώστε να αποκομίσουν τον μεγαλύτερο potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at firstΑςin the UK in early it refers to βαθμό ευτυχίας και ‘καλοζωίας’. σημειωθεί ότι1960s η and ενσωμάτωση The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor ψυχολογικών στοιχείων στην οικονομική ανάλυση έκτοτε προχώρησε και the then observed trend of wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves and thus old residents areof αποδείχθηκε μιαthem, πολύ εννοιολογική καιthus επιστημολογική London, upgrade stayεπιτυχημένη themselves sometimes there and old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. σύνθεση, η οποία οδήγησε στην απονομή του Βραβείου Nobel στον being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of thisKahneman phenomenon included in the work of Sociologist Ruth οικονομολόγο Daniel το is 2002. Επομένως κοινωνικοί ‘παίκτες’ A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere theοι work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar recorded in other major μπορούν να επιλέγουν το πλαίσιο μέσα στο οποίο τοποθετούν τονinεαυτό τους GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. και προσεγγίζουν τη ζωήbyτους, με δεδομένη τη θέση τους μέσα στην cities in Western countries, other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more οικονομική και κοινωνική με τρόποscholars που να μεγιστοποιεί την Since then, the issue πραγματικότητα, has several andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from ‘άνεσή’ τους. comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: Μετατρέπονται λοιπόν από homo economicusthe σε homo sociologicus. interpretations the phenomenon following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new category of social groups Δεν έχω αυταπάτες ότι η αποδοχή μιας τέτοιας θέσης θα είναιinεύκολη to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs money υπόθεση. Αλλά και αν γίνει, ασφαλώς θα προκαλέσει μια σοβαρή and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the αναστάτωση προσεγγίσεις της οικονομικής επιστήμης καιin 1.of The termστις from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born sense safety atcomes theμεθοδολογικές distributed residencies outside town centres, for Berlin, where she made her first studies.

In 1932Πιστεύω she published anότι important study πλέον entitled: σ’ αυτήν την ίδια την οικονομική σκέψη. όμως θα πρέπει services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,movements (possibly)for Youth Unemployment.

The same year she and after continuous να αρχίσουμε να σκεφτόμαστε ότι left η Germany οικονομική επιστήμη δεν πρέπει να lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, βρίσκεται πολύ μακριά από τις προσεγγίσεις των άλλων κοινωνικών in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her socialηresearch.

Her public and επιστημών. Η ποσοτικοποίηση των μεταβλητών, υπερβολική χρήση των long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. μαθηματικών εργαλείων πουthe διευκολύνεται από απλουστευτικές υποθέσεις and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: που τυποποιούν την ανθρώπινη συμπεριφορά και παραγνωρίζουν, αν δεν G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

252169 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

70

περιφρονούν την ανθρώπινη φύση, (αλήθεια γιατί ξεχνάμε την ‘συνήθεια’, το ‘έθιμο’, την ‘κληρονομικότητα’, την ‘μίμηση’, και τέλος, τη ‘γνώση’ και την ‘διαδικασία απόκτησής της’), η απουσία μελέτης ή έστω και απλής αναφοράς σε ιστορικές καταβολές και ιδεολογικές ‘επιβολές’, θα οδηγήσει σε απαξίωση της οικονομικής επιστήμης. Επομένως τα προγράμματα σπουδών που καταρτίζουμε για τα τμήματά μας στα Πανεπιστήμια, θα πρέπει να εμπλουτιστούν με γνωστικά αντικείμενο που θα αποφεύγουν την

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS τυποποίηση αυτή, χωρίς βεβαίως να παραγνωρίζεται η ανάγκη διδασκαλίας Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, και χρήσης ποσοτικών μεθόδων ελέγχου υποθέσεων.

By Mr.των George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Το πρόβλημα είναι λοιπόν να κατανοήσουμε σεofβάθος πώς λειτουργούν Student the School of Architecture οι οικονομίες, ώστε να αποφύγουμε τις κοινότυπες και επίπλαστες ερμηνείες Technical University of Crete των οικονομικών γεγονότων. Οι περισσότεροι οικονομολόγοι υποθέτουν ότι 1. Introductory approach: the concept οι διακυμάνσεις στα ατομικάDefining συναισθήματα, τα πάθη και τις εντυπώσεις δεν 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept έχουν σημασία συνολικά και ότιGreek τα οικονομικά γεγονότα κατευθύνονται από ANTISTHENIS, the ancient philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the παράγοντες ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us,ή he established a great the μυστηριώδεις τεχνικούς ακανόνιστη κυβερνητική δράση. Άλλοι among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition established a greatτων the acquisition of knowledge startshe with of theαυτών content of“principle”: concepts. (και ο υπογράφων) πιστεύουν ότι ηheαφετηρία γεγονότων acquisition of knowledge starts with the the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, not final, approach, the term βρίσκεται στον καθημερινό τρόπο σκέψης μας.if of Την τελευταία δεκαετία η 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification παγκόσμια οικονομία κινήθηκε προς διάφορες κατευθύνσεις : άνοδος στην 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityενεργούσαν area, the removal from this, (inγιατί various αρχή, πτώση αργότερα. Τα άτομα ανυποψίαστα η Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, low-income the placement there of artists, οικονομική θεωρία μαςusually έπειθεofότι ήμασταν and ασφαλείς. Η θεωρία όμως αυτή ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of Μόνο artists, the operation ofτη art galleries, restaurants, etc.συμπεριφορά However “change”, regardless of είχε αγνοήσει σημασία των ιδεών στη της οικονομίας. the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the όταν τα αληθινά γεγονότα (η κατάρρευση τραπεζών, η απώλεια εργασιών, οιof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative υποθήκες) μας επηρέασαν όλους αρχίσαμε να υποψιαζόμαστε και να potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found atναfirstκαταλαβαίνουμε in the UK in early 1960s it refers to σκεφτόμαστε. Και αρχίσαμε ότι and ενεργούσαμε The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refers to the then observed trend of to buy property in poor οδηγούμενοι από μη οικονομικά κίνητρα. Πολλές φορές ήμασταν παράλογοιof ή the then observed trend of wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves and thus old residents areof παραπλανημένοι. Ενεργούσαμε λοιπόν με βάση τα ‘ζωϊκά πνεύματα’.

London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. [Ο όρος αυτός animal spirits προέρχεται από την αρχαιότητα και τα being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon included the χρησιμοποιούνταν work of Sociologist στην Ruth έργα του ιατρού Γαληνού (περί τοisis150 μ.Χ.)inin και A description ofperiod, this phenomenon included the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar situations were in other major ιατρική μέχρι το Μεσαίωνα και similar μέχρι το The Anatomy of Melancholy του GLASS at the same period, while situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

Robert Burton (1632) και το Traite de l’Homme του Rene Descartes (1664). cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Λεγόταν ειδών πνεύματα: τα Spiritus vitalis που Since ότι then,υπήρχαν the issueτριών has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from δημιουργούνται στην καρδιά,are ταbeing Spiritus naturalis που δημιουργούνται στο comprehensive approach summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: ήπαρ και τα Spiritus animalis που δημιουργούνται στον εγκέφαλο. Ο interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups φιλόσοφος Santayana, (1955) οικοδομεί ένα φιλοσοφικό σύστημα γύρω από to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money τη σημασία της ‘ζωϊκής οποία ορίζει ως work ένα αγνό απόλυτο and time to travel from theπίστης’ purlieusτην to downtown, where placeκαι is, lack of the ένστικτο, μια at ανεπαίσθητη γνωστική βασικό στοιχείο τηςfor οποίας 1.of The term comes from Sociologist Ruth ενέργεια GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS was born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, better Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: είναι η διαισθητικότητα.] services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,movements (possibly)for YouthΣτην Unemployment.

The same she στην left Germany and continuous μορφή αρχική χρήση τουyear όρου αρχαία καιafter μεσαιωνική lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.του studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where στα λατινικά Spiritus animalis, η λέξη animal σημαίνει του ‘νου’ ή ‘ζωογόνο’. in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research.ορμή.

Her public and Αναφέρεται σε μια βασική νοητική ενέργεια και ζωτική Όμως στα long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. σύγχρονα οικονομικά η for φράση animal spirits απέκτησε μια διαφορετική and selling real estate, etc., theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: έννοια: αναφέρεται σε ένα ανήσυχο και ευμετάβλητο στοιχείο στην G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

οικονομία. Αναφέρεται στην παράξενη σχέση μας με την αμφισημία και την αβεβαιότητα. Μερικές φορές μας παραλύει. Άλλες μας αναζωογωνεί και μας δίνει ενέργεια, βοηθώντας μας να ξεπεράσουμε τους φόβους και την αναποφασιστικότητά μας. Πρέπει να αντιληφθούμε όμως ότι η κοινωνική δομή αλλάζει. Το επίπεδο εμπιστοσύνης του ενός προς τον άλλο ποικίλει. Και η προθυμία μας να προβαίνουμε σε αυτοθυσίες δεν είναι σε καμία περίπτωση δεδομένη.

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Η ιδέα ότι οι οικονομικές κρίσεις προκαλούνται κυρίως από τις αλλαγές Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, στα μοντέλα σκέψης, κάτι που υποστηρίζεται εδώ, δενC.είναι σύμφωνηArchitect με την

By Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASSOPOULOS καθιερωμένη οικονομική άποψη. Όμως ηStudent τρέχουσα κρίση προκλήθηκε of the School of Architecture ακριβώς από την μεταβολή στην εμπιστοσύνη μας, τους πειρασμούς, τον Technical University of Crete φθόνο, τη δυσαρέσκεια, την απληστία και τις ψευδαισθήσεις μας και ιδίως με Introductory approach: Defining theκαι concept την1.αλλαγή στις ιστορίες, στις διαδόσεις στην ‘πληροφόρησή’ μας σχετικά 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the conceptΚαι με ANTISTHENIS, τη φύση και τηthe λειτουργία της οικονομίας. τα στοιχεία ancient Greek philosopher, (444όλα BC αυτά - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise he left us, he established a great the μεγιστοποιούν όσοheritage τοthe δυνατόν περισσότερο τις αποκλείσεις από τα καθαρά among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition ofκίνητρα knowledge with the content οικονομικά καιstarts τονhe ορθολογισμό πουof επαγγέλεται ηconcepts. ‘κρατούσα’ acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term οικονομική θεωρία.

1 (and urban Based, therefore, on είναι this “principle” inindicated aμπορεί first, if (in not final, approach, term gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification Και το ερώτημα τώρα: Ποιά να the θεωρηθούν ως the ‘ζωϊκά 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various πνεύματα’ που επηρεάζουν τις οικονομικές αποφάσεις μας ; Sociology as well), as the “refining” a city area, the this, (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of and theremoval placement there of Πρώτον, η εμπιστοσύνη καιlow-income οιofιστορίες: Όλοι λένε ότιfrom όταν η οικονομία ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation art galleries, this “change”, regardless of οδηγείται σεofύφεση είναι restaurants, απαραίτητοetc. ‘ναHowever ανακτήσουμε την εμπιστοσύνη’. the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the Πολλοί οικονομολόγοι λένε ότι οι οικονομικές κρίσεις ανακηρύχθηκαν τοof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative αποτέλεσμα έλλειψης εμπιστοσύνης. Όταν το άτομο δείχνει εμπιστοσύνη, potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UKπληροφορίες in early 1960s and to συχνά απορρίπτει ή παραβλέπει ορισμένες πουit refers θα το The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor βοηθούσαν να πάρει ορθολογικές αποφάσεις. Ο ίδιος ο όρος ‘εμπιστοσύνη’ the then observed trend of wealthy people to there buy property in poor areas of London, upgrade them, stay themselves and thus old residents υπονοεί συμπεριφορά που ξεπερνά sometimes μια ορθολογική προσέγγιση: όταν are οι London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. άνθρωποι αισθάνονται εμπιστοσύνη βγαίνουν έξω και αγοράζουν. Όταν είναι being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in theλαμβάνουν work of Sociologist Ruth αβέβαιοι αποτραβιούνται και πουλούν. Όταν σημαντικές A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major επενδυτικές αποφάσεις, βασίζονται στηνsituations εμπιστοσύνη, αντίθεταinδηλαδή με GLASS at the same period, while similar were recorded other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. το τι προβλέπει η επίσημη οικονομική θεωρία. Οι αλλαγές στην εμπιστοσύνη cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more θα δημιουργήσουν αλλαγές στο εισόδημα καιseveral την εμπιστοσύνη στον Since then, the issue has scholars and forεπόμενο its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from the various και θα αρχίσει μιαapproach διαδικασίαare γύρων που θα προκαλέσει ανάκαμψη ή πτώση. comprehensive being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: (Έχουν αναπτυχθεί σχετικοί δείκτες εμπιστοσύνης από οικονομολόγους). Η interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups εμπιστοσύνη δεν είναι απλώς μια συναισθηματική κατάσταση του ατόμου. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Είναι μιαtoάποψη της εμπιστοσύνης άλλων where ανθρώπων και οιis,αντιλήψεις and time travel from the purlieus to των downtown, work place lack of the άλλων ανθρώπων εμπιστοσύνη άλλων ανθρώπων μιαin 1.of The termat comes fromτην Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth κ.ο.κ.

GLASSΕίναι wasbetter born sense safety the για distributed residencies outside town centres, search for Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an importantοικονομικής study entitled: άποψη του κόσμου, μια δημόσια αντίληψη του μηχανισμού services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,movements (possibly)for Youth Unemployment.

The same yearτων she left Germany and after continuous αλλαγής και της δημιουργίας τρεχόντων γεγονότων, όπως γίνονται lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, γνωστά από τα μέσα ενημέρωσης και τις λαϊκές συζητήσεις. Η υψηλή in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued social research.

Her public and εμπιστοσύνη σχετίζεται με ιστορίες πουhermanufacturers, αποτελούν πηγές εμπνευσης, long-term effort by organized groups, brokers ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. ιστορίες για νέες επιχειρηματικές πρωτοβουλίες ιστορίες το πώς οι web, άλλοι, and selling real estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of partγια of the urban in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: και γιατί όχι κι εμείς, μπορούμε να γίνουμε πλούσιοι. Η διάδοση μιας ιστορίας G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

252171 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

72

πρέπει να παρομοιαστεί με μια επιδημία, είναι σαν τους ιούς. Η διάδοση από στόμα σε στόμα αποτελεί ένα είδος μόλυνσης. Όπως οι ασθένειες λοιπόν, το ίδιο συμβαίνει με την εμπιστοσύνη ή την έλλειψή της. Η επιδημία της εμπιστοσύνης ή η έλλειψή της μπορεί μπορεί να προκ’ύψει μυστηριωδώς απλώς επειδή υπήρξε αλλαγή στο ποσοστό μετάδοσης ορισμένων τρόπων σκέψης. Δεύτερον, η δικαιοσύνη: Η δικαιοσύνη μπορεί να είναι εξίσου σημαντική

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS με τα οικονομικά κίνητρα. Υπάρχουν σημαντικές έρευνες που δείχνουν ότι το Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, ενδιαφέρον για τη δικαιοσύνη μπορεί το C. ορθολογικό οικονομικό Byνα Mr.ξεπεράσει George-Sp. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect κίνητρο. Η δικαιοσύνη αφορά το πώς οι άνθρωποι πιστεύουν ότι αυτοί και Student of the School of Architecture άλλοι θα πρέπει ή δεν θα πρέπει να συμπεριφέρονται. Δηλαδή σχετίζεται με Technical University of Crete το αίσθημα της εμπιστοσύνης και την ικανότητά μας να συνεργαζόμαστε 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept αποτελεσματικά.

1. Τρίτον, Introductory approach: Defining the concept η διαφθορά και δολιότητα: Είναι(444 η σκοτεινή πλευρά της ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC,υφέσεις Athens), among otherΜελέτες wise heritage leftότι us, κάθεμια he established a great the οικονομίας. έχουν he δείξει από τρεις τελευταίες among other wise 1990-Μάρτιος heritage leftthe us,definition heΜάρτιος established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. στις ΗΠΑ, Ιούλιος 1991, 2001-Νοέμβριος 2001 και acquisition of2007knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, onκαι this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Δεκέμβριος συνεχίζεται, ενείχαν σκάνδαλα διαφθοράς, 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification σχετιζόμενων με αρπακτικές δραστηριότητες.

1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Ας δούμε την τελευταία κρίση. Μία φούσκα (των ακινήτων) και ένας Sociology asσκανδάλων. well), as the “refining” ofτων a city area, removal from this, (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theσχετίζεται placement of νέος κύκλος Η φούσκα ακινήτων μεthere μια τεράστια ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, of αύξηση στονofδανεισμό υψηλού κινδύνου, από το 5% στο 20% regardless της αγοράς the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the στεγαστικών δανείων, 625 δις. $ που μετέτρεψε τους δανειστές υψηλούof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential κινδύνουrelative σε ένα νέο σημαντικό κλάδο δραστηριότητας, δίχως όμως σωστή potential relative speculation).

The term is found at first the UK in early 1960s andδικά it refers to ρύθμιση καιgentrification έλεγχο. Αυτοί όμως δεν in είχαν εμπιστοσύνη στα τους The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor ‘προϊόντα’ και ήθελαν να τα ξεφορτωθούν γρήγορα. Έτσι λοιπόν ‘πούλησαν’ the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade stay of themselves and thus old residents areof τα δάνεια αυτά them, ολόκληρα σε πολύ sometimes μικρά διαφορετικά κομμάτια. Μέχρις London, upgrade them, stay ή themselves there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. ΄’οτου οι κάτοχοι των δανείων αυτών ουδεμία σχέση είχαν με τους being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the είχαν work of Sociologist δημιουργούς τους και ούτε τα κίνητρα εξετάσουνRuth τα A description ofperiod, this συνήθως phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded workνα of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major χαρακτηριστικά καθενός στεγαστικού δανείου στα χαρτοφυλάκιά τους.

GLASS at the same period, situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, bywhile othersimilar Researchers. Όμως πώς τέτοιαcountries, προϊόνταby υψηλού κινδύνου έγινα αποδεκτά;; Ως δια μαγείας cities in Western other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more οι (γνωστές μας)the εταιρείες αξιολόγησης τα several αξιολόγησαν πολύ υψηλά Since then, issue has scholars and for various its(80% more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from the ΑΑΑ και 95% Α), δηλ. πολύ μικρό ποσοστό προσδοκώμενης απώλειας λόγω comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: αφερεγγυότητας (~ 6%). Και πράγματι στην αρχή είχαν πολύ υψηλές interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups αποδόσεις που έμπαιναν στα ετήσια κέρδη των κατόχων τους. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Δημιουργήθηκε λοιπόν μια ολόκληρη αλυσίδα (και μια πολύ έυθραυστη, and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the οιονεί ισορροπία,), αποτελούμενη απόGLASS, τους αγοραστές των οικιών, τουςin 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS wasbetter born sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, search for Berlin, where she made her first studies.

In 1932 she published an important study entitled: δημιουργούς των δανείων, τους οίκους αξιολόγησης και τους αγοραστές των services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for δανείων. lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, Ο she οικονομικός κύκλος συνδέεται λοιπόν διακυμάνσεις in According 1943 published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 she teacherστην in the to another approach, the isμεdue tobecame a systematic and University informal College of London, where sheκαλής continued her social research.

Her public and προσωπική δέσμευση στις αρχές συμπεριφοράς και brokers σε διακυμάνσεις long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. στις αρπακτικές δραστηριότητες, που με initially τη σειρά τους σχετίζονται and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation of part of the urban web,με in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: αλλαγές στις ευκαιρίες για τέτοιου είδους δραστηριότητες. Και όλα αυτά G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the conceptπαρατηρούνται σχετίζονται με τις μεταβολές που κατά καιρούς στιςAthens), ποινές ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other είδους wise heritage he left us,Πολλές he established great the για τέτοιου συμπεριφορές. φορές (444 ηa διαφθορά δημιουργεί among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the περισσότερη διαφθορά. acquisition of knowledge starts with the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, the term Τέταρτον, η on αυταπάτη του the χρήματος: Όταν οιapproach, αποφάσεις που 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification λαμβάνονται επηρεάζονται μόνον από τα ονομαστικά ποσά χρημάτων. Ανterm οι 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various άνθρωποι ενεργούσαν μόνον ορθολογικά, τότε οι αποφάσεις τους θα Sociology as well), as the “refining” ofαξία a cityτου area, the fromthere this, of (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and theremoval placement artists, επηρεάζονταν από την πραγματική χρήματος. Η οικονομική θεωρία ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of artότι galleries, restaurants, However this “change”, regardless of σήμερα δέχεται οι άνθρωποι δενetc. διακατέχονται από αυταπάτη του the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the χρήματος. Όμως η πραγματικότητα δείχνει ότι η αυταπάτη χρήματος υπάρχειof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative σε σημαντικό βαθμό σε πολλές από τις διμερείς συμφωνίες μεταξύ των potential relative speculation).

The term όπως gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to ανθρώπων, στις μισθολογικές συμβάσεις, στις συμβάσεις οφειλών, κ.ά.

The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor Αυτές όμως οι συμβάσεις θα μπορούσαν να προβλέψουν τον αναμενόμενο the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof πληθωρισμό μέσω τιμαριθμικής αναπροσαρμογής. Ωστόσο London, upgrade them,της stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residentsτα are being indirectly “squeezed”. συμβαλλόμενα μέρη των συμβάσεων στην πλειονότητα των περιπτώσεων being indirectly “squeezed”. description this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth δενAA μπορούν καιof δεν επιλέγουν. description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar other major Εις at επίρωσιν όλων λοιπόν των ανωτέρω επιτρέψατε μου in να τελειώσω GLASS the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. με μία in αναφορά σε κείμενοby του σεβαστού καθηγητή μου και πρώην πρύτανη cities Western countries, other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more στο Since Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών Π. Γέμτου (Μεθοδολογία των then, the issue has several below, scholars andΚοινωνικών for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from the Επιστημών, Τόμοςapproach Ι , σελ.24). are being summarized below, from the various comprehensive interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: Η σωστή σπουδή μιας κοινωνικής επιστήμης the προϋποθέτει ενασχόληση interpretations the phenomenon following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new category of social groups με τα μεγάλα μεθοδολογικά προβλήματα αυτής. ‘Η σκέψη γύρω τις to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs inαπό money προϋποθέσεις και τα όρια της γνώσης μας είναι ιδιαίτερα απαραίτητη σε μια and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the εποχή που ηatcomes μεγάλη φαίνεται ναtown αναιρεί τηνsearch ενότητα τουin 1.of The term fromεξειδίκευση Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS wasbetter born sense safety the distributed residencies outside centres, for Berlin, where sheνα made her first studies.

In 1932 she published εκείνη an important study entitled: πνεύματος και εκμηδενίζει τη βαθιά και ουσιαστική ωριμότητα που services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,movements (possibly)for Youth Unemployment.

The same year she left Germany and after continuous αποτελεί τοcost χαρακτηριστικό του μορφωμένου ανθρώπου. .... markets, [Επομένως] η lower living of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, έρευνα των θεμελίων των επιστημών δεν πρέπει να παραμείνει αποκλειστικό in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College ofαλλά London, where she continued her social research. brokers Herσπουδών public and έργο των ειδικών ενταχθεί οργανικά στα προγράμματα των long-term informal effortναby organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. επιμέρους κοινωνικών επιστημών και μάλιστα σε of ένα πρώϊμο στάδιο των and selling real estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: ειδικών σπουδών κάθε επιστήμης’.

G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

252173 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

«Ο ΧΩΡΟΣ ΚΑΙGENTRIFICATION Η ΑΡΧΙΤΕΚΤΟΝΙΚΗ ΤΗΣ ΣΥΜΠΟΝΟΙΑΣ»* Definition, Types of Intervention, ΕΚΘΕΣΗ ΑΡΧΙΤΕΚΤΟΝΙΚΗΣ**

Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Tου κ. Σόλων. ΞΕΝΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ Concerns

Αρχιτέκτ., Ομότ. Καθηγ. ΕΜΠ Κοσμήτορος Σχολής Αρχιτεκτ. Μηχαν. και Γεωπεριβαλ. Επιστημών,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Πανεπιστ. ΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ, Πάφος

Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Με ιδιαίτερη επιτυχία έγιναν την Student Πέμπτηof the 1η School Ιουνίου 2017 τα of Architecture Technical UniversityΚΑΙ of Crete εγκαίνια της Έκθεσης Αρχιτεκτονικής με τίτλο «Ο ΧΩΡΟΣ Η

74

ΑΡΧΙΤΕΚΤΟΝΙΚΗ ΤΗΣ ΣΥΜΠΟΝΟΙΑΣ» στο Πολιτιστικό Ίδρυμα Μιχάλης 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Κακογιάννης στην approach: Αθήνα. Defining the concept 1. Introductory ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, - 370 BC, Athens), Σε αυτή την έκθεση με τον κάπως περίεργο (444 τίτλοBC διερευνώνται με τη ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the χρήση σχεδίων, σκαριφημάτων, μακετών, video, ήχων και among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the εγκαταστάσεων, ερωτήματα όπως: acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Σε ποιό βαθμό on η ασθένεια, ο πόνος είναι φυσικές 1 (and Based, therefore, “principle” inindicated a και first,ηifταλαιπωρία notthe final, approach, the term urbanthis gentrification) is (in area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and καταστάσεις και σεthe ποιό βαθμό ρυθμίζονται πολιτιστικά; gentrification urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various Υπάρχουν περιπτώσεις που ο πόνος, η δυστυχία και η ασθένεια Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, μπορούν αποτελέσουν απελευθερωτικές και δημιουργικές δυνάμεις; ways), ofνα social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless Πως η μορφή του δομημένου χώρου αντανακλά την ανθρώπινη whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the κατάσταση; potential relative potential relative speculation). η ιδέα της is «υγείας» αναπτύχθηκε στο1960s χώρο TheΠως term gentrification found at first in the UK in early and ιστορικά; it refers to The term gentrification found atεπηρέασε first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the observed trendφιλοσοφία ofiswealthy people to τους buy property in poor Πώςthen η αρχαία ελληνική χώρους για θεραπεία; the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof Πώς διαφορετικές παραδόσεις και πολιτισμοί αντιλαμβάνονται την London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. ασθένεια, τον πόνο, τη δυστυχία και τη θεραπεία και πως τις χωροποιούν; being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Πως οι εσωτερικές σωματικές και ψυχικές ενεργειακές δυνάμεις A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major εξωτερικεύονται στην Τέχνη (θέατρο παραστατικές τέχνες, in ζωγραφική, GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. χορός, κινηματογράφος); cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Πωςthen, η διάσταση του χρόνου επηρεάζει τρόπους Since the issue has several τους scholars andthe forμε itsτους more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from various οποίους, κάτω από ειδικές συνθήκες, άτομα ή ομάδες αντιλαμβάνονται το comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: χώρο; interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups Η έκθεση αναπτύσσεται σε δύο επίπεδα στους χώρους του to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Ιδρύματος Μιχάλης Κακογιάννης και πρακτικά υλοποιείται με δύο and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in δράσεις. sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: Η ofπρώτη που αφορά τον σχεδιασμότης,επικεντρώνεται στη services health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. διατύπωση μιας ιδιαίτερης χωρικής εγκατάστασης σε κάθε επίπεδο, η studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where in 1943 she published studies regarding city planning.

In 1950 she became teacher in the According to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and οποία εισάγει τους επισκέπτες σε μια συνολική χωρική εμπειρία που University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying αντικατοπτρίζει με έντονα διαφορετικό ερωτήματα έχουν her work are characterized by a passion for justice. τρόπο See also:τα COLLINS ENGLISHπου DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: τεθεί.

G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

Η δεύτερη υλοποιείται μέσω των μελετών και των εργασιών που εκτίθενται οι οποίες διερευνούν τις υποθέσεις που ορίζονται από την θεματολογία της έκθεσης. Οι εργασίες περιλαμβάνουν κατασκευές στις οποίες η έμφαση δίνεται σε μια αφαιρετική προσέγγιση ενώ άλλες,αφορούν συγκεκριμένες προτάσεις για κτήρια όπως π.χ μια κλινική στην Κένυα. Συμμετέχουν προπτυχιακοί και μεταπτυχιακοί φοιτητές/ριες από:

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Την Σχολή Αρχιτεκτονικής, Μηχανικής καιSchool Γεωπεριβαλλοντικών Harvard University, Graduate of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. Επιστημών του Πανεπιστημίου Νεάπολις, Πάφου. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect of the Πολυτεχνείου.

School of Architecture Την Σχολή Αρχιτεκτόνων του ΕθνικούStudent Μετσόβιου Technical University of Crete Του Τμήματος Αρχιτεκτόνων Μηχανικών του Πανεπιστημίου Πατρών.

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Τμήματος Αρχιτεκτονικής 1. Του Introductory approach: theΠανεπιστημίου concept (444 BCΛευκωσίας.

ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek του philosopher, - 370 BC, Athens), Της Αρχιτεκτονικής του DruryUniversity, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 Springfield, BC, Athens), among otherΣχολής wise heritage he left us, he established a great the Missouri. among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the Συμμετέχουν επίσης οι νέοι acquisition of knowledge starts withαπόφοιτοι theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first,από: if of not final, approach, the term 1 (andΑρχιτεκτόνων Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term Την Σχολή του Εθνικού Μετσόβιου Πολυτεχνείου, η urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Ρενάτα Μεθενίτη Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of aΜηχανικής city area, removal fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe the placement Την Σχολή Αρχιτεκτονικής, και Γεωπεριβαλλοντικών ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operationτου of artΠανεπιστημίου galleries, restaurants, etc. However regardless of Επιστημών Νεάπολις Πάφου,this η “change”, Ισμήνη Γεωργιάδου the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other Βομβολάκης consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof και ο Λευτέρης whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative Από το Τμήμα Αρχιτεκτόνων Μηχανικών του Πανεπιστημίου potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Θεσσαλίας, η Ελένη Γεωργιάδη The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor Tο observed Τμήμα Αρχιτεκτονικής του Πανεπιστημίου Λευκωσίας, η the then trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof Ραφαέλλα Σιάγκρη London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”.

Tο Τμήμα Αρχιτεκτόνων Μηχανικών του Πανεπιστημίου Frederick, o being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Λάμπρος A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS atΠαχούλας the same while similar in other major Την Σχολή Αρχιτεκτονικής του Oxford Brookes University, ο GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Κωνσταντίνος Παπαδημητρίου.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more Since the issue has several below, scholars andοthe for its more Tην then, Graduate School ofpreoccupied Design του Harvard University, Γεώργιοςcomprehensive approach are being summarized from various comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various Σπυρίδων Αθανασόπουλος interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon gentrification, thecategory following: In aTην sense, theof phenomenon is due toPolitecnico a trend of adi new of social groups Σχολή Αρχιτεκτόνων τουof Milano, ο HakanYarman to “return” to the city, leaving για the purlieus several reasons: high costs in Το Κέντρο Έρευνας το Χορόforτου CoventryUniversity, η money Έρικα and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Χαραλάμπους The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.of safety the distributed outside town centres, Tην Bartlett School of residencies Architecture, University College London, η Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Πόπη Youth Ιακώβου Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, Κινηματογράφου “withdrawal” from private access etc.where studies research in Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, TοandΤμήμα τουUniversityofKent, οmarkets, Χαράλαμπος in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and Χαραλάμπους University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work characterized by a passion for justice.

See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. Η are συμμετοχή φοιτητών/ριων αρχιτεκτονικής από πολύ μεγάλο and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: αριθμό διαφορετικών Σχολών Αρχιτεκτονικής από διαφορετικές χώρες, G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually και νέων αρχιτεκτόνων, καθώς και κάποιων άλλων ειδικοτήτων συνιστά 252175 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

76

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the ΤΡΑΥΜΑ ΩΣ the ΧΩΡΙΚΗ ΑΣΥΝΕΧΕΙΑ‘ acquisition of‘ΤΟ knowledge starts with the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification Σπουδή στην τυπολογίαisτων μεταβολιστών 1 (and urban gentrification gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the ‘Ο χώρος της ασθένειας. whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). ‘Η δημιουργία μιας τυπολογίας εφήμερου περιεχομένου. potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Μιά οντότητα για μιάfound παροδική The term gentrification atpeople firstφιλοξενία’ in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor Μιά ασυνέχεια στην καθημερινότητα. the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof London, them,στο stayκτισμένο themselves sometimes there thus old Μιάupgrade ασυνέχεια περιβάλλον που and θέλουμε ναresidents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. αγνοήσουμε.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same whileτης similar in other major ‘Ενα τραύμα στον ιστό πόλης.

GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. ‘Ενα τραύμα που αποκαλύπτει την ενδότερη αδύναμη φύση cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more μας.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from ‘Ενα τραύμαapproach που ξεσκεπάζει μιαsummarized εσωτερικήbelow, αταξία, ένα the χάος comprehensive are being below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: που υποκρύπτουμε. interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups Μιά τυπολογία ενός «παρένθετου» χώρου. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money ‘Ενα χωρίς προοπτική. and time to κτίσμα travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the 1.

The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense of safety at the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car access markets, etc.where Γεώργιος-Σπυρίδων Αθανασόπουλος studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and Harvard University Graduate School of Design University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying Master Architecture Urban DesignENGLISH DICTIONARY. her work are characterized by of a passion for justice.in See also: COLLINS and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Technical University of Crete G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

Bachelor of Architecture

2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 252177 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification ένα ιδιαίτερο πείραμα. Στο πείραμα αυτό επιδιώκεται η προβολή της Concerns πολυσήμαντης πλευράς της αρχιτεκτονικής τόσο από άποψη

78

περιεχομένου, όσο και από άποψη εννοιών, τεχνικών, και τρόπων έκφρασης.

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Θα ήθελα να εκφράσω τις ευχαριστίες μου of στην κολεκτίβα Harvard University, Graduate School Design, Student, Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASSOPOULOS compassionπου μου εμπιστεύτηκεBy την επιμέλεια τηςC. έκθεσης.

Architect Student of the School of Architecture Η φιλοξενία του Ιδρύματος Μιχάλης Κακογιάννης και η δημιουργική Technical University of Crete συνεργασία που είχαμε με τα στελέχη του υπήρξε άψογη, και εξαιρετικά παραγωγική. Τουςapproach: ευχαριστώ πολύ. the concept 1. Introductory Defining Ευχαριστώ το Υπουργείο Πολιτισμού και Αθλητισμού 1. Introductory approach: the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370της BC,Ελλάδας Athens), πουANTISTHENIS, έθεσε υπό την αιγίδα του την Το ‘Σπίτι της-“principle”: Κύπρου’ στην the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us,Έκθεση. he established a great the Αθήνα για την ουσιαστική και τεχνική στήριξη. Το Πανεπιστήμιο Νεάπολις among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the Πάφου, τηςknowledge σημαντική οικονομική αλλά καιif of ηθική υποστήριξη. acquisition of starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based,για therefore, on this “principle” a first, not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if (in notστην final, approach, the και term Ευχαριστώ όσες και όσους is συνέβαλαν οργάνωση gentrification) indicated the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification υλοποίηση έκθεσης.

Sociology as της well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city this,αυτοί (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement there of Τέλος θα ήθελα να πώ ότι όλαarea, έγιναν εφικτάfrom γιατί οι ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, etc. και However this “change”, of φοιτητές/τριες, και οι νεοιrestaurants, αρχιτέκτονες εικαστικοί, έδωσανregardless τα πάντα, theπαρήγαγαν operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, However regardless whatever other has, also risingthis of “change”, land prices (and theof και αυτά τα έργα. Που results είναιetc. μοναδικά. whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation).

The Ξενόπουλος, term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Σόλων Επιμελητής The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of toΣυντονισμός buy property in poor Συντελεστές: Ραφαέλλα Σιάγκρη, Αρχιτέκτων, the then observed trend of wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves and thus old residents areof Πένυ Μονογιού και Εφη Κυπριανίδου, Σύλληψη-Επιμέλεια Compassion London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Χρυστάλα Ψαθίτη, Επεξεργασία Καταλόγου being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major Σχετικά με την κολεκτίβα Compassion: GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Westernειcountries, by other Researchers. Ηcities Compassion ναι μια μη εικαστικη κολεκτιβα εθελοντων, in Western countries, byκερδοσκοπικη other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more που Since δραστηριοποιει ται στην Αθη να, στο Αμβου ργοscholars και στηand Λευκωσι Οι then, the issue has several for various itsα.more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from the εικαστικοι και οι approach θεωρητικοιare επιστη μονες που συμμετε χουν επιχειρου ν να comprehensive being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: κατανοη σουν το χω ρο της ασθε νειας και του συσχετιζο μενου πο νου, σε μια interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups προσπαθεια ενδυναμωσης της ενσυναισθησης για τους πασχοντες και to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money ευαισθητοποι ησης τουthe κοινου μεto σωdowntown, καλλιτεχνικω ν και ν οδω ν. and time to travel from purlieus where workθεωρητικω place is, lack of the Στοχος ειterm ναι atcomes ναtheκαταδειχθει η σημασι α της βελτιcentres, ωσης θεfor σηςbetter τουin 1.of The from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruthτης GLASS was born sense safety distributed residencies outside town search ασθενου ς στην και, ειδικο τερα του συστη ματος περι θαλψης, Berlin, where she κοινωνι made herαfirst studies.

In 1932εντο she ςpublished an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment.

The same year νης she left Germany ς and continuous movements for ιδιαι τερα σεcost περιof, οδο παρατεταμε οικονομικη κριafter σης. lower living “withdrawal” from private car easier access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and College London, where she continued her social research.

Herπεριλαμβάνεται public and *University Το κείμενο αυτό of αποτελεί επεξεργασμένη εκδοχή του κειμένου που long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. στον Κατάλογο της Εκθεσης. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: **10th Διάρκεια: έως 23 Ιουνίου 2017 G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Το Προαιρετικό Πρωτόκολλο της Σύμβασης των Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Ηνωμένων Εθνών κατά των Βασανιστηρίων (OPCAT) Concerns και η Διεθνής Διερευνητική Επιτροπή για την Πρόληψη

των Βασανιστηρίων και της Απάνθρωπης ή

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Ταπεινωτικής Μεταχείρισης ή Τιμωρίας (SPT)

Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Του κ. ΠέτρουUniversity ΜΙΧΑΗΛΙΔΗ Technical of Crete

Πρέσβη ε.τ. - Μέλους της Διεθνούς Επιτροπής

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370Jean-Jacques BC, Athens), amongΤο other wiseοheritage left us, he established a great the 1976 Ελβετόςhe τραπεζίτης και ανθρωπιστής among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts.

Gautier, ιδρυτής και πρώτος Πρόεδρος του Συνδέσμου Πρόληψης acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term Βασανιστηρίων (ΑPT) με “principle” έδρα την in Γενεύη είχε προτείνει σε σχετική 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this a first, if notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) is indicated (in area of Planning) (or gentrification έκθεση του προς την Κυβέρνηση της Ελβετίας την(in σύσταση ενός διεθνούς 1 (and gentrification urban gentrification) indicated thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various σώματος με σύστημα επισκέψεων από ανεξάρτητους εμπειρογνώμονες σε Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, κάθε χώρο όπου κρατούνται πρόσωπα στερημένα της ελευθερίας τους. ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However “change”, regardless of Έπειτα από μακρές διακυβερνητικές διαβουλεύσεις σε συνέχεια the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and της theof σύστασης 971 υιοθέτησε το 1983 η Κοινοβουλευτική του whatever otherπου consequences has, results also rising of landΣυνέλευση prices (and the potential relative speculation). potential relative speculation). Συμβουλίου της Ευρώπης για at την από The term gentrification is found firstπροστασία in the UK inτων early κρατουμένων 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refers βασανιστήρια καταρτίστηκε η Ευρωπαϊκή Σύμβαση για την των the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property inΠρόληψη poor ofto the then observed wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thusΜεταχείρισης old residents are Βασανιστηρίων καιtrend της Απάνθρωπης ή Ταπεινωτικής ήof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Τιμωρίας που υποβλήθηκε για υπογραφή στις 26 Νοεμβρίου 1987και being indirectly A description of this is included in the work of υπέγραψαν Sociologist Ruth Φεβρουαρίου 1989. Την Σύμβαση και τέθηκε σε ισχύ “squeezed”. την 1ηphenomenon A description of this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at theκαι same whileχώρες-μέλη similar other major επικύρωσαν οι period, 47 σήμερα του Συμβουλίου τηςinΕυρώπης. Η GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Κύπρος επικύρωσε την Σύμβαση στις 3 Απριλίου 1989 και τέθηκε σε ισχύ citiesηνin Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Αυγούστου του ιδίου έτους. τηνSince 1 Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from Στις 18 Δεκεμβρίου 2002 η Γενική Συνέλευση των Ηνωμένων Εθνών comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: υιοθέτησε το Προαιρετικό Πρωτόκολλο στη Σύμβαση του ΟΗΕ κατά των interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups Βασανιστηρίων και της Απάνθρωπης ή Ταπεινωτικής Μεταχείρισης ή to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Τιμωρίας τέθηκε σε purlieus ισχύ στις και που σήμερα 83 and time toπου travel from the to 22/6/2006 downtown, where work place is,αριθμοί lack of the Κράτη-Μέρη, μεταξύ των οποίων και η Κύπρος, που το έχουν επικυρώσει ήin 1.

The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS was born sense of safety at the distributed residencies outside town centres, search for better Berlin, where sheστη madeΣύμβαση. her first studies.

In 1932 she published an important study entitled: προσχωρήσει 64 κράτη, συμπεριλαμβανομένης και της services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Κύπρου, έχουν συστήσει ανεξάρτητους Εθνικούς lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and Neweasier YorkΜηχανισμούς she came to back to Πρόληψης London, in According 1943 σύμφωνα she published regarding city planning.

In 1950 sheto became teacher in the (ΝPM) μεstudies τις πρόνοιες του σχετικού για την to another approach, the phenomenon isΠρωτοκόλλου due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying πρόληψη βασανιστηρίων και κακομεταχειρίσεων σε εθνικό επίπεδο με her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in την στενή συνεργασία και συνδρομή τηςWIKIPEDIA: Διεθνούς Διερευνητικής 10th edit.

Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

252179 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

80

Επιτροπής (SPT) του βασικού οργάνου σε διεθνές πια επίπεδο πρόληψης βασανιστηρίων πού συνέστησε το Πρωτόκολλο. Θα πρέπει να λεχθεί πώς το Πρωτόκολλο θεωρείται μοναδικό στο είδος του. Κανένα άλλο διεθνές όργανο ανθρωπίνων δικαιωμάτων δεν έχει δημιουργήσει ένα τέτοιο διεθνή μηχανισμό επισκέψεων με τόσο δυναμική αποστολή, με απόλυτες εξουσίες και απεριόριστη πρόσβαση και χωρίς κανένα περιορισμό σε οποιουδήποτε είδους τόπουςC. κράτησης προσώπων

By Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS στερουμένων της ελευθερίας τους όπως φυλακές, σταθμούς, Harvard University, Graduateαστυνομικούς School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. κρατουμένων, C. ATHANASSOPOULOS ψυχιατρικά ιδρύματα, στρατιωτικά καταλύματα χώρους Architect Student School of Architecture κράτησης ανηλίκων, στέγες ηλικιωμένων καιof the αναπήρων, χώρους Technical University of Crete υποδοχής και κράτησης μεταναστών και άλλων χώρων όπου κρατούνται πρόσωπα στερούμενα της Defining ελευθερίας τους, για εξέταση των συνθηκών 1. Introductory approach: the concept κράτησης και μεταχείρισης των κρατουμένων και να προβαίνει σε 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, BC - 370 BC, Athens), συστάσεις/εισηγήσεις για την ενίσχυση της προστασίας των ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the κρατουμένων. among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the Σταtherefore, 10 χρόνια από τότε τέθηκε ισχύ το acquisition of knowledge starts withπού theindefinition of the content ofΠρωτόκολλο concepts.

Based, on this “principle” a first, ifσε not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated aαλλαγές first, if (in notστην final, approach, theτων term συνέβαλε σε(and πραγματικές θετικέςis πρόληψη urban gentrification) the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification βασανιστηρίων και κακομεταχειρίσεων παγκόσμια Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” ofελέγχου a city area, the from this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and theremoval placement there Με αποστολή προληπτικού βασισμένου σε υποστηρικτική ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of συνεχή συνεργασία και εποικοδομητικό διάλογο,this παρέχει συνδρομή και the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has,στους resultsΕθνικούς also rising of land prices (and theof καθοδήγηση στις χώρες – μέρη, Μηχανισμούς Πρόληψης whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative κατά την διάρκεια και πέραν των επισκέψεων, κοινωνικούς φορείς, potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UKακόμα in earlyκαι 1960s it refers to αρμόδιες ενδιαφερόμενες κρατικές υπηρεσίες σεand άλλα διεθνή The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor και σώματα και οργανισμούς ανθρωπίνων δικαιωμάτων καιof theπεριφερειακά then observed trend wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are άλλους φορείς των ΗΕ.stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are London, upgrade them, being indirectly “squeezed”. Ηindirectly διερεύνηση και διαφάνεια στα συστήματα κρατήσεων προσώπων being “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth απόASPT επενεργούν ασφαλιστικές δικλείδες πρόληψη description of this phenomenon is situations included inwere the work ofστην Sociologist Ruth GLASS at –theNPM same period, whileως similar recorded in other major βασανιστηρίων και κακομεταχειρίσεων.

GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities countries, byτην other Researchers. Ηin Western Υποεπιτροπή Πρόληψη των Βασανιστηρίων όπως έχει Since then, the issueγια has preoccupied several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more συσταθεί και λειτουργεί βάσει του Πρωτοκόλλου comprehensive approach are being summarizedσκοπό below,έχει from the various comprehensive approach being summarized below, from the various α) να διεξάγει ένα are εποικοδομητικό καιtheσυνεχή διάλογο και interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, following: interpretations the phenomenon gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, με theof phenomenon is due to a trend of aπρόληψη new of social groups συνεργασία τα Κράτη-Μέρη μεof σκοπό την και ελάττωση του to “return” βασανιστηρίων to the city, leaving ήtheκακομεταχείρισης purlieus for several με reasons: costs in money κινδύνου βάσηhigh επισκέψεις πού and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, work place is, πρόσωπα lack of the πραγματοποιεί σε χώρους που δυνατόν where να κρατούνται 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, στερούμενα της ελευθερίας τους.

Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services ofναhealth, education, “atτα the heart of the city”, (possibly) συμβουλεύει καιentertainment να she καθοδηγεί Κράτη-Μέρη στηνmovements σύστασηfor Youthβ) Unemployment.

The same year left Germany and after continuous lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague,Πρόληψης London and New came back έργο to London, των Εθνικών τουςinΜηχανισμών και York στο she περαιτέρω τους. in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and γ) να συνεργάζεται μεsheάλλα διεθνή, περιφερειακά και action εθνικά University College of London, where continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also:που COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. σώματα και επιτροπές με δραστηριότητες σχετίζονται με την and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: πρόληψη βασανιστηρίων.

G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

Πιστεύεται πώς στα δέκα χρόνια λειτουργίας της η Διερευνητική αυτή Επιτροπή έχει να παρουσιάσει αρκετά επιτεύγματα. Ενδεικτικά και μόνο, περιορίζομαι να αναφέρω τα πιο κάτω σημαντικά.

- Ως προς την πρόληψη η επιτροπή έχει στρέψει την προσοχή και επιμονή της στην μηδενική ανοχή και παραπομπή ενώπιον της

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS δικαιοσύνης τους παραβάτες τωνGraduate ανθρωπίνων δικαιωμάτων Harvard University, School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS κρατουμένων, κάνοντας σαφές πώς υπάρχουν αυστηρές κυρώσεις και Architect Student of the School of Architecture παραδειγματική τιμωρία και πώς τα θύματα δικαιούνται θεραπείας και Technical University of Crete αποκατάστασης.

- Το έργο της επιτροπής, η ακολουθούμενη μέθοδος και ο όλος 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept χειρισμός ως προς την πρόληψη καθίστανται όλο περισσότερο 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC και ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, - 370 BC, Athens), κανόνας της διεθνούς κοινωνίας των ανθρωπίνων δικαιωμάτων.

ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the Ως προς την φύση της προληπτικής επίσκεψης σε χώρο κράτησης among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. εντός τουtherefore, συστήματος των Ηνωμένων Εθνών προσοχή έχειofστραφεί στο acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content concepts.

Based, on this “principle” a first, ifηof not final, approach, the term 1 (andθα therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, the term πώςBased, πρακτικά μπορούσε να αντιμετωπισθεί μιαapproach, συγκεκριμένη urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification περίπτωση επί τόπου αίσιο αποτέλεσμα. περίπτωση εξετάζεται με Sociology as well), as theμε “refining” of a city area,Κάθε the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), ofτης social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, τα δικά ιδιαίτερα χαρακτηριστικά και περιστάσεις και εξατομικεύεται ways), groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of και δενof social μπορεί να αποτελεί πρότυπο για άλλες καταστάσεις που the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences results rising of land prices (and theof αντιμετωπίζονται πάντοτε με has, τα δικά τουςalso δεδομένα. whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential Το relative ερώτημα πού τίθεται είναι πως καλύτερα θα μπορούμε να potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is foundτα at βασανιστήρια first in the UK inκαι early and it refers to βοηθήσουμε να προβλεφθούν οι 1960s κακομεταχειρίσεις The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor εδώ τώρα the και then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof Η Πρόληψη των βασανιστηρίων είναι μιαthere ιστορία Αυτό London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes and χωρίς thus oldτέλος. residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. που ο Jean-Jacques Gautier αποκαλούσε «η ντροπή του αιώνα μας» being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth αναφερόμενος στον εικοστό αιώνα εμμένει καιin θα λέγαμε χειροτερεύει και A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar were recorded in other major ο αιώνα. Οι σημερινές σκοτεινές και αβέβαιες ώρες που σε αυτόν τον 21 GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities inδείχνουν Western countries, bypreoccupied other περισσότερο Researchers. ζούμε πως σήμερα, ποτέ Since then, the issue has several παρά scholars and ο forκίνδυνος its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and forαυτό its more βασανιστηρίων approach υπάρχει are παντού. Μπροστά στον η comprehensive being summarized below,κίνδυνο from the various comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various επαγρύπνηση,ofκινητοποίηση και of επιμονή των αρμοδίων διεθνών οργάνων interpretations the phenomenon gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon of the following: Inτων a sense, theof phenomenon is due togentrification, a trendόλο of aκαι new category of social groups και κοινωνικών συνόλων καθίσταται περισσότερο αναγκαία. to theκερδίσουμε city, leaving the several της reasons: high costs in money Θα“return” πρέπειtoνα τηνpurlieus μάχη for εναντίον μάστιγας αυτής που and time τις to travel from the to downtown, where work place is, lack of the μολύνει κοινωνίες μαςpurlieus επαναβεβαιώνοντας και τονίζοντας την θέληση 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed outside town centres, και τον συνεχή αγώνα μας γιαresidencies τηνRuth απόλυτη και οριστική απαγόρευση των Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, 1. education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) βασανιστηρίων Youth Unemployment.

The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying 1 are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. her work Ομιλία που έγινε μεfor τηνthe ευκαιρία 10 χρόνων από of τότε που τέθηκε σε ισχύ and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., depreciation initially part of the urban web,το in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Πρωτόκολλο των Ηνωμένων Εθνών, σε εκδήλωση της Ανεξάρτητης Αρχής Πρόληψης των G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Βασανιστηρίων.

252181 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

E¶. A¶. TO¶. AYT. ¶EP. AN. / R.DEC. ADM. LOC. DEV. REG. / R. DEC. LOC. GOV. REG. DEV.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, KENTPO EPEYNA™ Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification ¶EPIºEPEIAKH™ ANA¶TY•H™ «IÂÚÒÓ˘ÌÔ˜ ¢. ¶INTO™ Concerns Î·È AÓ·ÛÙ·Û›· IÂÚ. ¶INTOY»

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS University, Graduate Aνάπτυ�ης, School of Design, Student, Mε σκ�π� την πρ�ώθησηHarvard της Iδέας της Περι�ερειακής (Oικ�ν�µικής, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect K�ινωνικής και Π�λιτιστικής), έ�ει συσταθεί σήµερα στην Aθήνα απ� Oµάδα KαθηγηStudent of the School of Architecture τών Πανεπιστηµίων και Eιδικών Eπιστηµ�νων τ� Kέντρ� Έρευνας Περι�ερειακής AνάTechnical University of Crete πτυ�ης «Iερώνυµ�ς ∆. ΠINTOΣ και Aναστασία Iερων. ΠINTOY» (αστ. µη κερδ�σκ. εταιρ.), ως �υσιαστικ�ς διάδ���ς,Defining (κατ’ επιθυµία της αειµνήστ�υ Aναστασίας Iερων.

1. Introductory approach: the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept ΠINTOY), τ�υ Kέντρ�υ Έρευνας Περι�ερειακής Aνάπτυ�ης ∆. ΠINTOΣ, συANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 Iερών.

BC - 370 BC, Athens), σταθέντ�ς εν Aθήναις την 28η Aυγ�ύστ�υ 1986.

ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the O εκ των Πρωτ�π�ρων της Iδέας τηςthe Περι�ερειακής Kαθηγητής Πανεamong other wise heritage he left us,definition he established a great the acquisition of knowledge starts with ofAνάπτυ�ης the content of“principle”: concepts. πιστηµίων Iερώνυµ�ς ∆. ΠINTOΣ απε�ίωσε την 5/8/1981, η δε διακριθείσα διά τ� acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, theπ�λυterm 1 (and σ�ιδές κ�ινωνικ�, �ιλανθρωπικ� και π�λιτιστικ� τ�υ Aναστασία Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated aέργ� first,της if Σύ�υγ�ς notthe final, approach, theαπεterm urban gentrification) is (in area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or �ίωσε την 14/4/2009. gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, removal from this, (inartists, various Mετα�ύ των σκ�πών τ�υ Kέντρ�υ συγκαταλέγ�νται �ι ε�ής, εντ�ς πνεύµατ�ς ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theκαι placement there of ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, πάντ�τε παραγωγής έργ�υ επ’ αγαθώ της Eπιστήµης και της K�ινωνίας: the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless H συµ��λή στηνconsequences πρ�αγωγή της Eπιστήµης και also της Iδέας τηςof Περι�ερειακής Aνάπτυwhatever other has, results rising land prices (and theof whatever other consequences has, results also rising ofAνάπτυ�ης land prices (and the �ης εν γένει,relative δι’ �ί�υspeculation). δήπ�τε ν�µίµ�υ τρ�π�υ, της Περι�ερειακής ν��υµένης potential potential relative speculation). ως Oικ�ν�µικής, K�ινωνικής, Π�λιτιστικής.

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first inκαι the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the observed trend ofiswealthy toσυνα�ών buy property in και poor H then µελέτη σ�έσεων Περι�ερειακής Aνάπτυ�ης ∆ράσεων Π�λιτικών. the then observed trend wealthy peopleστην to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stayενof themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof H συµ��λή των Iδιωτικών γένει Eπενδύσεων υπ�στήρι�η στρατηγικών, π�λιLondon, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. τικών και µέτρων «παραγωγής» Περι�ερειακής Aνάπτυ�ης. being indirectly “squeezed”. description of thisηphenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth HAεκπ�νηση Mελετών, διενέργεια Eρευνών, η �ργάνωση Συνεδρίων, Hµερίδων, ΣεA description of this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar in other major µιναρίων, ∆ιαλέ�εων επί θεµάτων Περι�ερειακής Aνάπτυ�ης.

GLASS atMελετών, the same period, similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, bywhile other Researchers.

H έκδ�ση Eρευνών, Περι�δικών, Eντύπων εν γένει, η παραγωγή σ�ετικ�ύ cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

Since then, issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more ραδι��ωνικ�ύ καιthe τηλε�πτικ�ύ υλικ�ύ.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from H ��ρήγηση υπ�τρ��ιών, η �ρά�ευση εργασιών Tρίτων και η έκδ�σή τ�υς. various comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of gentrification, the following: H συνεργασία of µεthe �ί�νphenomenon δήπ�τε, ανε�αρτήτως ν�µικής µ�ρ�ής, επιδιώκ�ντα παρεµ�εinterpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: a sense,εντ�ς theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups ρείς In σκ�π�ύς, και εκτ�ς Eλλάδ�ς. to H “return” to theµε city, leaving the purlieus�πως for several reasons:Eυρωπαϊκή high costs in money συνεργασία ∆ιεθνή M�ρ�ώµατα, (ενδεικτικώς) Ένωση, and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Oργανισµ�ς Oικ�ν�µικής Συνεργασίας και Aνάπτυ�ης κ.ά.

1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, H παρ��ή επίfirst θεµάτων Aνάπτυ�ης πρ�ς �ί�ν δήπ�τε Berlin, whereυπηρεσιών she made her studies.Περι�ερειακής In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,movements (possibly)for Youth Unemployment.

The same year she left Germany after continuous Eνδια�ερ�µεν�, �άσει ειδικών συµ�ωνιών, µερίµνει τ�υand ∆ι�ικητικ�ύ Συµ��υλί�υ του της εlower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, ταιρείας κ.ά. κέντρου κ.ά in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and ∆ιεύθυνση: Ίµ�ρ�υ 6, 112 57 Aθήναι, τηλ.: 2108647120, 6944626140, fax:public 2108658868.

University College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion justice. See also: Aθήναι,for 5 Aυγ�ύστ�υ 2009COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: O Eπιστηµ�νικ�ς Yπεύθυν�ς τ�υ Kέντρ�υ G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Kαθηγητής Kωνσταντίν�ς ΓE. AΘANAΣOΠOYΛOΣ 82 2521 11 10 24

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

E¶. A¶. TO¶. AYT. ¶EP. AN. / R.DEC. ADM. LOC. DEV. REG. / R. DEC. LOC. GOV. REG. DEV.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

regarding that matter ever), and Laws 2218/1994 όροι and 2240/1994, which were Συγκριτικά πλεονεκτήματα, εμπορίου effective since January 1, 1995. και περιφερειακή Prevision for operation at First Grade Localανάπτυξη Government level of Committees with responsibilities established for the first time such as, among others, Committee for Quality of Life, (decisive and of the Τηςinitiator κυρίαςbody Βασ.for Δ.exercise ΔΕΛΗΘΕΟΥ related with quality of life, zoning, urban planning and environmental protection, Επίκουρης Καθηγήτριας Τμήμ. Οικον. competences of municipality with more than 10.000 inhabitants) and Consultation Περιφ. Παντείου Π.Κ.Π.Ε.

By και Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Committee (as a body with advisory powers onΑνάπτ. matters of Development και Programmes, Action Programmes of the Municipality, Harvard University, Graduate etc.).

School of Design, Student, By Mr.of George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Regarding the under research matter every type intervention at Architect city level Της κυρίας Ελεονώρ. ΣΤΑΥΡΑΚΑΚΗ Student theGutenberg School concisely of Architecture with several Restoration Programmes, etc, here areof mentioned Μετ. Φοιτ.

Joh. Univ.the of Technical University of Crete responsibilities of the new Decentralized Administrations and new Regions and to Mainz, M. Sc. in Intern. Economics a greater extent the (new) Local Government of first grade. Decentralized 1. Introductoryasapproach: the concept Administrations successorDefining of Government Regions have among others the 1 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), 1. ΕΙΣΑΓΩΓΗ following responsibilities: ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370of BC, Athens), Ηother οικονομία μιας πλέον δεν ορίζεται στα στενά Recommending for direct sale of land or (444 assignment communal among wise heritage heχώρας left us,public he established a great the among other wise heritage left us,definition established a greatof“principle”: the municipal or lands for establishment orthe expansion industrial and acquisition of community knowledge starts with the of content concepts. γεωγραφικά σύνορά τηςhe αλλά σεhe όλα τα γεωγραφικά μήκη και manufacturing installations.This provision does not specify whether such lands are acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term πλάτη της Γης. Αυτό έχει ως αποτέλεσμα οτιδήποτε συμβαίνει σε ένα 1 within or outside cities.on this Based, therefore, “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area ofαρνητικό, Planning) (or gentrification μέρος τηςmonitoring να(and έχειurban άμεσο ή έμμεσο αντίκτυπο, θετικό σε 1 (and Award and oversight ofa the elaboration, as the well asήapprovement of gentrification urban gentrification) isarea, indicated (in area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of city the removal from this, (in various κάποιο άλλο. Το γεγονός αυτό έχει ενισχυθεί τα τελευταία χρόνια και Studies, General Urban planning projects, and Plans for territorial and housing Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement από την ανάπτυξη της τεχνολογίας με αποτέλεσμα τα δίκτυα organization of Open City (Law 2508/1997, Law 2539/1997). ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of Assignment ofartplot land of the Port Land Zone for the construction of the επικοινωνίας μεταξύ των χωρών είτε σε διαπροσωπικό επίπεδο the operation of galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and(π.χ. theof buildings forother “docker’s roof”. σύλλογοι) επιχειρηματίες, εμπορικοί είτεalso σε rising διακρατικό (π.χ. whatever consequences has, results of land επίπεδο prices (and the potential relative speculation).

Specialization of general guidelines and directives regarding issues of Urban potential relative speculation). συμβάσεις) να Affairs έχουν εντατικοποιηθεί να μπορούν καιand καθορίζουν The term gentrification is found at first in και the in early 1960s itwithin refersthe to Planning, Urban and Housing as well asUK Building Regulations The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersof the then observed trend of to buy property in poor τις εμπορικές συναλλαγές αστραπιαία. Στόχος κάθε χώρας είναι οto area of their territorial jurisdiction. the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are σχεδιασμός μιας πολιτικής οικονομικής ανάπτυξης, που Monitoring, coordination andεμπορίου expressionκαι of opinion regarding programs of the London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”.

General Urban Plans the territorial areaθα of their θα μεγιστοποιεί ταof οφέλη της και την jurisdiction. καθιστά ανταγωνιστική. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the Sociologist Approval of amendments of previously approved town planning, usesRuth and Αυτό, σε μεγάλοofβαθμό, μπορεί ναis επιτευχθεί μεwork τηνof διαφοροποίηση A description this phenomenon included inwere the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar situations recorded in other major conditions for their building in OT on the main road network of prefectures of των προϊόντων καιperiod, των υπηρεσιών που προσφέρει. Η διαφοροποίηση GLASS atThessaloniki. the same situations were recorded in other major cities inand Western countries, bywhile othersimilar Researchers.

Attica To be continued... αυτή μπορεί προκύπτει από Researchers. τη χρήση (ή μη) τεχνολογίας, από τα cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Since then,να the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more εξωτερικά χαρακτηριστικά και από την ποιότητα. comprehensive approach areetcbeing summarized below, from the various International Organizations, Bodies,are level. comprehensive approach being summarized below, from theΜερικά various Τα οφέλη της παγκοσμιοποιημένης αγοράς είναι here πολλά. interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thesubject, following: Among the recent international activities regarding the are mentioned interpretations of theConference phenomenon of the following: από σύμφωνα με τον Osland (2003), είναι η for του In aαυτά sense, phenomenon is due togentrification, a trend of a new category ofαύξηση social indicatively thethe Seventh of European Ministers responsible issues groups of Local Organization (8-10 October 1986 a.D.).

The eighth Conference of European Ministers, to “return” to theπαγκοσμίως, city, leaving theαύξηση purlieus for several reasons: highτους costs in money εισοδήματος των μισθών για υψηλού Responsible for Local Government at kong of Ireland (14-15 September 1988a.D.), the elaboration and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack ofτων the μορφωτικά και τεχνολογικά καταρτισμένους ανθρώπους, μείωση of a “special charter” for Local Government by Council of Europe (October the 15th 1985 a.D.) 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, The European Charter for Local Autonomy of Council of Europe has been ratified so κ.ά.. far by 22 τιμών του αυξημένου ανταγωνισμού, μείωση τηςimportant φτώχειας Berlin, λόγω where she made her first studies.

In 1932 she published an study entitled: services health, education, entertainment “atratified the heart of thesigned city”,movements countries,of was signed by another 7, while it has not been and has not by(possibly) other 9.

YouthΗ Unemployment.

The sameπλέον year sheσε leftσημείο Germany and after continuous και for Ελλάδα βρίσκεται (επαν) εκκίνησης πρέπει Theliving countries not signed the Charter are: 1. Albania.

2.

Andorra.

3. Czech Republic. lower costthat of,have “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, να επωφεληθεί την αργή μεν αλλά σταδιακή 4.inIreland.

5. Latvia.

6.από Lithuania.

7.

Moldova.

8. San Marino.

Switzerland 1943 she published studies regarding city planning.

In9.1950 sheπροσαρμογή teacher της in the According to another approach, the phenomenon isof due tobecame a of systematic and Greece has already ratified the Charter, based on paragraph 1research.

Article 28 the Constitution University College of London, where she continued her social Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying with that the country not undertake theSee responsibility to be ENGLISH bound by the provisions herprejudice, work are characterized bydoes a passion for justice. also: COLLINS DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, inof of10th Article 5 (protection of the territorial limits of L.G.Os.), 7 WIKIPEDIA: par.2 (prerequisites for exercise edit.

Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

The Free Encyclopedia: 1 ο Το παρόν άρθρο έχει ανακοινωθεί στο 12 Συνέδριο ERSA Eλλάδος. Αθήνα, 2014. competences at local level 8 par.

2 (administrative control of L.G.O. acts), etc., (L. 1850/10.5.1989).

G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually See other items in: Const. GE. ATHANASOPOULOS: op. c., Volume II, p. 144 et seq.

252183 11 25 15

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

οικονομίας της και ανάκτηση της αξιοπιστίας της. Χρειάζεται ένα νέο βιώσιμο οικονομικό μοντέλο, που θα αξιοποιήσει τα πλεονεκτήματα των σημερινών συνθηκών, όπως τη μεγάλη διαθεσιμότητα καλά καταρτισμένου ανθρώπινου δυναμικού, τη γεωπολιτική της θέση και τους κλάδους, που κατέχουν συγκριτικά πλεονεκτήματα ως προς τις εξαγωγές της. Στρατηγικός στόχος της χώρας θα πρέπει να είναι η

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS μεταστροφή της επιχειρηματικότητας σε πιο ανταγωνιστικούς τομείς, Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, η ορθότερη εκμετάλλευση των συγκριτικών πλεονεκτημάτων, η

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect βοήθεια και τόνωση των ελληνικών επιχειρήσεων να εισέλθουν στις Student of the School of Architecture διεθνείς αγορές, που θα της προσδώσουν εγχώρια προστιθέμενη Technical University ofαξία Crete και αναβάθμιση της διεθνούς εικόνας της.

84

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, 2. ΟΡΟΙ ΕΜΠΟΡΙΟΥ ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), amongΣύμφωνα other wiseμεheritage he left us, he established a great the τη θεωρία εμπορίου, ο όρος συγκριτικό πλεονέκτημα among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. αφορά στοof πλεονέκτημα μιας χώρας ως προς την παραγωγή με acquisition knowledge starts with the the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term χαμηλότερο ευκαιρίας είτε ενός είτε μιας υπηρεσίας σε 1κόστος Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a αγαθού first, if (in not final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 σχέση με άλλες χώρες. Έτσι, οι εμπορικές συναλλαγές, που gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various πραγματοποιούνται μεταξύ των χωρών, μεγιστοποιούν την ευημερία Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, των κατοίκων τους μεrestaurants, επακόλουθο την παγκόσμια αύξηση της the operation of art galleries, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other has,αγαθού. results also prices (andτων theof παραγωγής τουconsequences συγκεκριμένου Με rising βάση of ταland υποδείγματα whatever otherspeculation). consequences results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative Ricardo, Heckscher-Ohlin ταhas, συγκριτικά πλεονεκτήματα απορρέουν potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found atαπό firstτην in the UK in early 1960sτης and εργασίας it refers to από διαφορές που προκύπτουν παραγωγικότητα The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor ήthe τηthen διαθεσιμότητα των wealthy παραγωγικών πόρων. Με δεδομένο ότι ηof observed trend people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are τεχνολογία παίζει καθοριστικό ρόλοsometimes στη ζωή there μας σήμερα, μπορούμε London, upgrade them, stay themselves and thus old residentsνα are being indirectly “squeezed”. πούμε πως η σημαντικότητα του συγκριτικού πλεονεκτήματος έρχεται being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth να συμπληρωθεί από τις οικονομίες κλίμακος. πλεονέκτημα των A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere theΤο work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major τελευταίων είναι πως κάθε χώρα ή κάθε κλάδος ή κάθε επιχείρηση cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied otherενός Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more εξειδικεύεται στην παραγωγή μέρους του τελικού προϊόντος. Ο Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various συνδυασμός αυτός είναι πιο εφικτός και στην πραγματικότητα, καθώς comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: δραστηριοποιείται στα πλαίσια του ατελούς ανταγωνισμού και interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a της trendτεχνολογίας. of a new of social groups λαμβάνει υπόψη του τη συμβολή Έτσι, υπάρχουν to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money εξωτερικές οικονομίες κλίμακας που αφορούν στον κλάδο και οι and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the εσωτερικές στην επιχείρηση. Όταν πραγματοποιούνται 1.of The termπου from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety atcomes theαφορούν distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies.

In 1932 she published an important θεωρείται study entitled: εμπορικές συναλλαγές μεταξύ των επιχειρήσεων services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for ενδο-κλαδικό ενώ μεταξύ των κλάδων διακλαδικό εμπόριο. lower living cost εμπόριο, of, in “withdrawal” from private easier access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car New York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding city planning.

1950 sheto became teacher the Ουσιαστικά το διακλαδικό εμπόριο είναι αυτόInπου δείχνει ποιό είναιin το to another approach, the phenomenon is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying συγκριτικό πλεονέκτημα κάθε εγχώριας οικονομίας και το ισοζύγιο her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., for theCo depreciation initially ofεξωτερικού part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: πληρωμών είναι εκείνο που δείχνει τη δομή του εμπορίου.

Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aΠαραλλήλως, variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the της “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually σημαντικός παράγοντας ανάπτυξης μιας χώρας είναι

2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

η ανταγωνιστικότητά της. Όταν ένας κλάδος κατέχει το συγκριτικό πλεονέκτημα σημαίνει πως τα προϊόντα του είναι ανταγωνιστικά με άμεσο επακόλουθο να λειτουργεί θετικά για το ισοζύγιο πληρωμών. Προϋπόθεση για την ισχύ αυτής της ακολουθίας είναι η σωστή κατανομή των πόρων στους εκάστοτε κλάδους παραγωγής, η ύπαρξη επιχειρηματικής στρατηγικής, η δυνατότητα εισόδου στις αντίστοιχες

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS αγορές και η ανάπτυξη των κατάλληλων τεχνολογιών, ώστε η εγχώρια Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, παραγωγή να μπορεί γίνει το ίδιο ανταγωνιστική με τις άλλες χώρες με

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect το ίδιο ή παρεμφερές προϊόν. «Γενικά, οStudent βαθμός ανταγωνιστικότητας of the School of Architecture μιας χώρας αντανακλάται στην ικανότητάTechnical της να συνδυάζει University of Crete μακροχρόνια οικονομική ανάπτυξη με ισορροπία στο ισοζύγιο 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept τρεχουσών συναλλαγών. Απαιτείται δηλαδή ένας συνδυασμός 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, διατήρησης υψηλής εσωτερικής ζήτησης με καλή απόδοση στο ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among otherεμπόριο. wise heritage left us, establishedμε a τη great the εξωτερικό Αυτό he μπορεί ναhe επιτευχθεί συμβολή πολλών among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. και ποικίλων παραγόντων, όπως η the παραγωγικότητα, η acquisition of knowledge starts with thein definition content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term αποτελεσματικότητα, επιχειρηματικότητα, κόστος παραγωγής, οι 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on η this “principle” is inindicated a first, ifτο not final, approach, the term gentrification) (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 συναλλαγματικές ισοτιμίες, οι διαρθρωτικές πολιτικές, οι κυβερνητικές gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various πολιτικές φορολόγησης κ.α.» (Δημέλη, 2004). Υπενθυμίζεται πως, Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), ofτων social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, μεταξύ εσωτερικών πολιτικών και δράσεων της Ένωσης, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land pricesκαι (andτης theof περιλαμβάνονται και εκείνες της Εσωτερικής Αγοράς whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land των pricesοποίων (and the potential relative speculation). Ελεύθερης Κυκλοφορίας των εμπορευμάτων, περί potential relative speculation).

The term τα gentrification foundκαι at first the ενοποιημένης UK in early 1960s and it refers to προνοούν άρθρα 26is έως 28 inτης απόδοσης της The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor Συνθήκης για τη trend λειτουργία τηςpeople Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης (Σαββίδου, the then observed wealthy to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof 2014).

London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Σε μερικά απόphenomenon τα θετικά στοιχεία τηςwork παγκοσμιοποίησης being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this is included in the of Sociologist Ruth μπορούμε παρατηρήσουμε πως η Ελλάδα θα ofμπορούσε να A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work Sociologist Ruth GLASS at theνα same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major επωφεληθεί και σε αυτή την δύσκολη οικονομική cities in Westernαρκετά countries, by ιδιαίτερα other Researchers. cities in Western countries, other που Researchers.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several and forτο its2008, more περίοδο που διατρέχει. Ηby κρίση, πλήττει τηscholars χώρα ήδη από Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various έχει επιφέρει σημαντική μείωση στο ελληνικό κατά κεφαλήν ΑΕΠ,more σε comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the84%, following: μονάδες αγοραστικής δύναμης για τo 1995 ήταν το 2009 94% και interpretations the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: a sense, theof phenomenon is due a trend of a new of social groups το In 2011 79%. Επιπλέον, όλα ταtoμειονεκτήματα και οι αδυναμίες της to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money ελληνικής οικονομίας έγιναν εντονότερα, όπως η έλλειψη and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the ανταγωνιστικότητας και το εμπορικό έλλειμμα.

1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin,Σύμφωνα where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: με τα τελευταία μακροοικονομικά μεγέθη από την services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for έρευνα του Προγραμματισμού Ερευνών lower living costΚέντρου of, in “withdrawal” from private easier access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Newκαι York Οικονομικών she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 she teacher in the (ΚΕΠΕ) η ελληνική οικονομία φαίνεται να βρίσκεται σε μια εύθραυστη to another approach, the is due tobecame a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying ισορροπία. Ως προς τους όρους εμπορίου, το ισοζύγιο τρεχουσών her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for the depreciation initially part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

The Free Encyclopedia: συναλλαγών παρουσίασε πλεόνασμα 2,2 διςWIKIPEDIA: €ofτο 10μηνο του 2013, Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aσύμφωνα variety of με ways, order Abstract. to της achieve the “assisted”, (actually τη inΤράπεζα Ελλάδος. Γεγονός“voluntary”, που οφείλεται στη 252185 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

μείωση του εμπορικού ελλείμματος κατά 2,7 δισ. € και την αύξηση των πλεονασμάτων στο ισοζύγιο τρεχουσών µεταβιβάσεων κατά 2,2 δισ. € και υπηρεσιών κατά 1,5 δις €. Να σημειωθεί πως το έλλειμμα στο εμπορικό ισοζύγιο μειώθηκε λόγω της μείωσης των εισαγωγών. Επίσης, ο τουρισμός παρά τις δυσοίωνες κάθε χρόνο προβλέψεις, αυξήθηκε κατά 10,62% σε σχέση με το 2012 (και συνεχίζει με ακόμη

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS εντονότερους ρυθμούς).

Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect 3. ΚΛΑΔΟΙ ΜΕ ΣΥΓΚΡΙΤΙΚΑ ΠΛΕΟΝΕΚΤΗΜΑΤΑ Student of the School of Architecture 3.1 ΒΙΟΜΗΧΑΝΙΑ ΤΡΟΦΙΜΩΝ Ή ΜΕΤΑΠΟΙΗΣΗ ΤΡΟΦΙΜΩΝ Technical University of Crete

Με δεδομένη την τωρινή της κατάσταση η χώρα θα μπορούσε να

86

1. Introductory approach: Defining theπου concept εστιαστεί σε τομείς της οικονομίας έχουν άμεσο αντίκτυπο στο 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, ΑΕΠ της. Αυτοί είναι η Βιομηχανία Τροφίμων και ο Τουρισμός. Η ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the Βιομηχανία Τροφίμων ή αλλιώς Μεταποίηση Τροφίμων among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. περιλαμβάνεται στον starts Κλάδο Μεταποίησης μαζί με τη Βαριά acquisition of knowledge withτης theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Βιομηχανία, Ποτάonκαι τους Λοιπούς υπο-κλάδους της Βιομηχανίας. Η 1τα Based, therefore, this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 πρώτη κατηγορία του κλάδου έχει αρκετά περιθώρια ανάπτυξης και η gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various ενίσχυση των συγκριτικών υπάρχουν προς Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, removal fromthere this,ως (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually ofπλεονεκτημάτων low-income andthe theπου placement of ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, την ποιότητα των προϊόντων θα πρέπει να ενισχυθούν μέσω της the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever consequences has, results also rising of land (andτην theof σωστής other επιχειρηματικότητας, η οποία μπορεί να prices αυξήσει whatever otherαξία consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). προστιθέμενη τους. potential relative speculation).

TheΕιδικότερα term gentrification is found at firstΜεταποίησης in the UK in early 1960s andηit Ελλάδα refers to ως προς τον Κλάδο Τροφίμων, The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor φημίζεται για τηνtrend πολύ wealthy καλή ποιότητα προϊόντων της,areas τωνof the then observed people to των buy property in poor London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are πρώτων υλών που και για την που London, upgrade them,χρησιμοποιεί, stay themselvesόσο sometimes there andτεχνογνωσία thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. διαθέτει για την μεταποίηση των τροφίμων της. Με δεδομένο, ότι ο being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth συγκεκριμένος κλάδος συγκεντρώνει μεγάλοinwere και αυξανόμενο A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included the συνεχώς work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major μερίδιο στην countries, εγχώρια by αλλά στην ευρωπαϊκή αγορά, δίνει την cities in Western otherκαι Researchers. cities in Western countries, by otherθα Researchers.

Since then,ως the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more κατεύθυνση προς την οποία πρέπει να κινηθούμε. Η χώρα μπορεί Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various να αυξήσει τις εξαγωγές και αντίστοιχα να μειώσει τις εισαγωγέςmore σε comprehensivethe approach are being summarized from the various interpretations phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: τέσσερις πολύofγρήγορα αναπτυσσόμενες κατηγορίες. Αυτές είναι των interpretations of the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of και a new of social groups λιπών και the των ελαίων, των φρούτων των λαχανικών, των to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money γαλακτοκομικών και των προϊόντων αρτοποιίας. Παρατηρείται, and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the δηλαδή, μια της ζήτησης γιαGLASS, συσκευασμένα τρόφιμα. Η χώρα 1.of The termαύξηση from Sociologist Ruth 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS for was born in sense safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, search better Berlin, where she made her first studies.

In 1932 καθώς she published an important study entitled: υστερεί σε τέτοιου είδους υποδομές, υπολείπεται οικονομιών services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for κλίμακας, σύγχρονου καινοτομιών και lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private car access to markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva,παραγωγικού Prague, London andδυναμικού, Neweasier York she came back to London, in According 1943 she studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

1950 sheto became teacher in the εισόδου ή published ενεργού συμμετοχής στις διεθνείςInαγορές. Χαρακτηριστικό to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying παράδειγμα εκμετάλλευσης εγχώριου συγκριτικού πλεονεκτήματος her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate,το etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd.Με London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: από τρίτους είναι ελαιόλαδο. δεδομένο ότι αποτελεί την τρίτη Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. wetzel/gentry.htm aελαιοπαραγωγό variety of ways, in order toηachieve theκάθε “assisted”, “voluntary”, χώρα και αξίαhttp://www.uncanny.net/ για κιλό ανέρχεται στο(actually 1 € το

2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

60% της παραγωγής εξάγεται στην Ιταλία λόγω έλλειψης εμφιάλωσης. Χρειάζεται αξιοποίηση των πλεονεκτημάτων της παραγωγικής κλίμακας, ώστε να επιτευχθεί είσοδος στις ξένες αγορές. Επίσης, άλλα αντίστοιχα παραδείγματα με σημαντικές ευκαιρίες αξιοποίησης είναι η φέτα με μερίδιο 28% στην παγκόσμια αγορά του επώνυμου προϊόντος, ενώ το «ελληνικό γιαούρτι» κατέχει το 30% μόνο της αγοράς των ΗΠΑ.

By Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS Η κατάσταση μπορεί να βελτιωθεί με τηνC.προϋπόθεση ότι θα Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, δοθεί προτεραιότητα στις εξής κατευθύνσεις, τόσο από τον ιδιωτικό

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect όσο και τον δημόσιο τομέα (McKinsey & Company, 2011): Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

I. Σαφής προσδιορισμός των εξαγωγικών αγορών και καθορισμός 1.

Introductory προτεραιοτήτων:approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: Definingphilosopher, the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, Σχεδόν όλεςthe οι ancient χώρεςGreek της Ευρώπης και η Βόρειος Αμερική ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the κατατάσσονται είτε στις πρώτης είτε δεύτερης προτεραιότητας among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. αγορές. Ουσιαστικά αυτή η with κατηγοριοποίηση, έχει άμεση συσχέτιση acquisition of knowledge starts theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term και Based, με τις therefore, αντίστοιχες τουριστικές χωρών αυτών. Πολλές 1 (and urban on this “principle”αγορές inindicated a first,των if (in not final, approach, the term gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 φορές, οι τουρίστες, που έχουν αποκτήσει μια πολύ ωραία εμπειρία gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various στις διακοπές τους, προσπαθούν να την επαναλάβουν και στις Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, πατρίδες τους. Στόχος πρέπει να etc. είναι εκείνες οι αγορές που τα the operation of art galleries, restaurants, However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever has, results also rising of land pricesΕπίσης, (and the προϊόνταother είναι consequences πιο αρεστά και εμπορεύσιμα από νέες αγορές. οof whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). ρόλος των Ελλήνων της διασποράς παίζει καθοριστικό ρόλο καθώς οι potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification found at σε firstχώρες in the UK in early 1960s and refers to περισσότερες εξαγωγέςisγίνονται όπως η Γερμανία, η it Αυστρία, The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor ηthe Β. Αμερική και τοtrend Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο. then observed of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of

London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”.

II. Καινοτομία Προώθηση: being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of thisκαι phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth στην περίπτωση τουofελαιολάδου, η AΌπως description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the παρατηρήσαμε same whileκαι similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Ελλάδα υστερεί σε υποδομές πιστοποίησης και συσκευασίας. Η cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, ενός the issue has several scholarsαναγνωρισμένου and for its more δημιουργία σύγχρονου και παγκοσμίως Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the μηχανισμού πιστοποίησης και συσκευασίας είναι and απαραίτητη. comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: Προτεινόμενηof λύση θα ήταν η δημιουργία τέτοιων σύγχρονων interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a πηγή new of social groups μονάδων χωροθετημένων πολύ κοντά στην των πρώτων υλών, to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money ώστε να μη χάνεται πολύτιμος χρόνος τόσο ως προς τη μεταφορά όσο and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the και 1. ως προς των προϊόντων όπως ελαιόλαδο, οι ελιές, termτην from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for was born in sense ofThe safety atcomes theποιότητα distributed residencies outside townτο centres, better Berlin,τομάτες where she made her first studies.

In 1932 sheΕπίσης, published anχρειάζεται important study entitled: οι και οι πατάτες. ένας services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for επαναπροσδιορισμός του «branding» και σωστή lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private easier access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car New Yorkπαράλληλα she came to back to η London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 sheto became teacherπου in the διαφήμιση και η έγκαιρη διοχέτευση του προϊόντος στις αγορές to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying παρουσιάζουν προοπτικές ταχείας ανάπτυξης. her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, III. of Εξασφάλιση πρόσβασης και αντιπροσώπευσης στις(actually αγορές

252187 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

των εμπορικών συναλλαγών: Το κύριο πρόβλημα των Ελλήνων παραγωγών είναι οι μεσάζοντες, οι οποίοι αγοράζουν πολλές φορές κάτω του κόστους και πωλούν σε αρκετά υψηλή τιμή με αποτέλεσμα το κέρδος να το ωφελούνται εκείνοι και όχι οι παραγωγοί. Το γεγονός αυτό ίσως έχει οδηγήσει και στη μείωση της εγχώριας γεωργικής παραγωγής. Ο ρόλος

By Mr. να George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS των συνεταιρισμών θα μπορούσε συμβάλει σημαντικά στην Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, αντιμετώπιση του προβλήματος, κυρίως για την εγχώρια αγορά. Από

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect την άλλη σύμφωνα με τη μελέτη τουStudent McKinsey & Company, θα of the School of Architecture μπορούσε να συσταθεί μια ιδιωτική εταιρεία είτε να πραγματοποιηθεί Technical University of Crete μια Σύμπραξη Δημοσίου και Ιδιωτικού Τομέα προκειμένου να υπάρξει Defining concept μια1. Introductory οργανωμένηapproach: διοχέτευση τωνtheανταγωνιστικών προϊόντων και 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek BC - 370 BC, Athens), παράλληλα να διασφαλιστεί έναphilosopher, σταθερό (444 δίκτυο χονδρικής και ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great λιανικής μεταξύ των εμπόρων και των παραγωγών των χωρών που the θα among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the συμμετέχουν. acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts.

88

Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or 3.2. ΤΟΥΡΙΣΜΟΣ gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Οofεπόμενος κλάδος είναι αυτός του τουρισμού, ο from οποίος Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the this,αποτελεί (inartists, various ways), social groups, usually of low-income and theremoval placement there of ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, για την Ελλάδα έναν από τους σημαντικότερους πυλώνες της the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other of land prices (andπου theof οικονομίας τηςconsequences τα τελευταίαhas, 40 results χρόνια.also Το rising παραδοσιακό μοντέλο whatever other consequences results also rising of land prices (andτο the potential relative ακολουθεί μέχριspeculation). σήμερα είναιhas, εκείνο των «3s» (see, sun and sand) potential relative speculation).

The χρήζει term gentrification is found at first the UK early η 1960s and it refers to οποίο ανανέωσης. Στόχος της in πρέπει ναinείναι αναβάθμιση της The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor θέσης της χώρας στη wealthy διεθνήpeople τουριστική αγοράin poor μέσωareas της the then observed trend to there buy property London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof αποδοτικότερης αξιοποίησης των πόρων πουthere διαθέτει. Τοold 2009 και το London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes and thus residents are being indirectly “squeezed”.

2010 παρουσίασε μια ελαφριά μείωση σε σχέση με τα προηγούμενα being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth χρόνια. Η the αιτία θα μπορούσε είναι η ασταθής κοινωνική A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere theοικονομική, work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at same whileνα similar recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major και πολιτική της χώρας, η οποία έδρασε αρνητικά στον cities in Westernκατάσταση countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, byπαρατηρείται other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars andάνοδος for its more τουρισμό. Παρόλα αυτά μια ταυτόχρονη των Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various τιμών, χωρίς να αλλάζει η τουριστική προσφορά ή ζήτηση. Αυτό είναι comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the Επιπλέον, phenomenon gentrification, the following: σημάδι κορεσμού. ο of ανταγωνισμός συνεχώς αυξάνεται από interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new groups τις άλλες μεσογειακές χώρες (όπως η Ιταλία, η Ισπανία καιofηsocial πρόσφατη to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money δυναμική είσοδος στην τουριστική αγορά από την Τουρκία και την and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Κροατία).

1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin,Ηwhere περίοδος she made her firstαυτή studies. In χαρακτηρίζεται 1932 she published an important study entitled: ως περίοδος services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for επαναπροσδιορισμού τωνPrague, δυνατών «στοιχείων» για όληto την lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, London and car Neweasier York she came back to οικονομία London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the στην χώρα. Έτσι, ένας σωστότερος επανασχεδιασμός της τουριστικής to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying πολιτικής είναι κατάλληλος αυτή την χρονική στιγμή. Η χώρα μας her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, for theCodepreciation initially ofπλούσια part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: διαθέτει, πέρα απόetc., τον ήλιο καιLondon τη θάλασσα, πολιτιστική Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aκληρονομιά variety of ways, order Abstract. to περιβάλλον. achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually και inφυσικό Ο συνδυασμός αυτών των

2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

χαρακτηριστικών με την αντιμετώπιση των πάγιων διαρθρωτικών πολιτικών της θα μπορούσε να διαμορφώσει ένα αρκετά ανανεωμένο και βιώσιμο αναπτυξιακό τουριστικό πλάνο. Στόχος της πρέπει να είναι η διατήρηση των μεριδίων που κατέχει από τις βασικές παραδοσιακές ευρωπαϊκές αγορές της, όπως το Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο, η Γερμανία, η Σκανδιναβία, η Ιταλία, η Γαλλία και η Ολλανδία. Επίσης, να αναπτύξει

By Mr. George-Sp.προς C. ATHANASOPOULOS μια πιο ολοκληρωμένη στρατηγική διείσδυσης την αγορά των Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, ΗΠΑ, αλλά και προς τις αναδυόμενες αγορές όπως η Ρωσία και Student, η Κίνα.

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Με το τρέχον τουριστικό μοντέλο πολλοί τουρίστες προτιμούν τα Student of the School of Architecture ταξιδιωτικά πακέτα. Αυτό όμως δεν ωφελεί την τοπικήUniversity κοινωνία να Technical of Crete αναπτυχθεί. Έτσι, πρέπει να υπάρξει αλλαγή στην εμπορική πολιτική approach: Definingνα the concept και1. Introductory το μείγμα των τουριστών είναι υψηλού μορφωτικού και 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept ANTISTHENIS, βιοτικού επιπέδου.the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: BC, Athens), among otherείδος wise heritage he left us, he established a great the Ένα τουρισμού που θα μπορούσε να 370 λειτουργήσει among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. πολλαπλασιαστικά είναι εκείνο του βιώσιμου ή εναλλακτικού acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term τουρισμού. στοιχείο του συγκεκριμένου μοντέλου είναιtheπως 1Θετικό Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, term (and urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 λειτουργεί πολλαπλασιαστικά για τρεις τομείς, την οικονομία, την gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various κοινωνία και το περιβάλλον. Επίσης, επιτυγχάνεται εμπλουτισμός του Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, τουριστικού για όλες τιςetc.περιφέρειες, καθώς there αποτελείται the operation ofπροϊόντος art galleries, restaurants, However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other has, results alsoαυτά risingμπορεί of landνα prices (and theof από πολλά είδηconsequences που τουλάχιστον ένα από αξιοποιηθεί whatever otherθετικό consequences has, results also rising of land(αύξηση prices (and the potential speculation). και να relative έχει αντίκτυπο σε τοπικό επίπεδο της potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at firstτης in the UK in early όσο 1960sκαι andστη it refers to απασχόλησης), σε εθνικό (τόνωση οικονομίας) θέση The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor της στη διεθνή αγορά τουριστικών Παραδείγματα the χώρας then observed trend wealthy people to υπηρεσιών. buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof για τον upgrade εμπλουτισμό τουthemselves τουριστικού προϊόντος θαthus μπορούσαν London, them, stay sometimes there and old residentsνα are being indirectly “squeezed”. είναι ο αθλητικός, ο πολιτιστικός, ο συνεδριακός, ο θρησκευτικός being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth τουρισμός, ο same τουρισμός υγείας, ο αγρο-τουρισμός A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere theκλπ.. work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the while similar recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major παρατίθενται ορισμένες προτάσεις με στόχο την cities inΠαρακάτω, Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue κατάστασης: has several scholars and for its more βελτίωση της τωρινής Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of theκατάλληλων phenomenon και of gentrification, the following: I. Ανάπτυξη ποιοτικών υποδομών με παράλληλη interpretations of the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, the is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups επιτάχυνση τωνphenomenon επενδύσεων: to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Ο όρος υποδομές περιλαμβάνει έργα στρατηγικής σημασίας για and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the την 1.τοπική ανάπτυξη. χρηματοδότηση θαsearch πρέπει ναin termκαι from Sociologist RuthΗ GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS wasbetter born sense ofThe safety atcomes theαστική distributed residencies outside town centres, for Berlin, where she made her first studies.

In 1932 she published an important study entitled: προέρχεται από ταμεία που επικεντρώνονται στην ανταγωνιστικότητα services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for και την καινοτομία. Τέτοια έργα μπορεί ναeasier αφορούν στον θαλάσσιο lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car New York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

1950 sheto became teacher in the τουρισμό και στην κρουαζιέρα όπως η Inδημιουργία τερματικών to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying εγκαταστάσεων και δικτύου τουριστικών λιμένων. Επίσης, είναι her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, 10th edit.

Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: πολύ σημαντικό ναetc., επαναπροσδιοριστεί η εικόνα, ο χαρακτήρας και in η Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aασφάλεια variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually στις δύο μεγάλες πόλεις της χώρας, οι οποίες

252189 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

συγκεντρώνουν πολλά πολιτιστικά δρώμενα καθ’ όλη τη διάρκεια του έτους. Τέλος, στον τομέα των υποδομών συγκαταλέγεται η ανάγκη για μια ολοκληρωμένη και συντονισμένη δράση για την προστασία του περιβάλλοντος. Πρέπει να υπάρξει μια σωστή διαχείριση της ενέργειας, των αποβλήτων και των υδάτινων πόρων στους τουριστικούς προορισμούς, αλλά παράλληλα και πραγματοποίηση δράσεων

By Mr. και George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS περιβαλλοντικής ευαισθητοποίησης κατάρτισης εμπλεκομένων Harvard University, Graduate School of Design,από Student, στελεχών. Όλοι αυτοί οι τομείς θα πρέπει να κατευθύνονται ένα

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Ειδικό Χωροταξικό Πλαίσιο για τον Τουρισμό. Προϋπόθεση όλων των Student of the School of Architecture παραπάνω είναι η άρση των εμποδίων που τίθενται από τη Technical University of Crete γραφειοκρατία του κλάδου. Με δεδομένο ότι το Υπουργείο Τουρισμού Defining concept και το σχεδιασμό του και1. οIntroductory ΕΟΤ είναι approach: υπεύθυνοι για τηtheδιαχείριση 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, τουρισμού, τα προβλήματα της γραφειοκρατίας θα μπορούσαν να ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the λυθούν με τη δημιουργία λειτουργικών μονάδων με τη μορφή των ΣΔΙΤ among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. που θα είναι υπεύθυνεςstarts για with το στρατηγικός σχεδιασμό, τη διαχείριση acquisition of knowledge theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term προϊόντων/πελατών, το marketing την υποστήριξη 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, ifκαι notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) is (in area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 δικτύων/πωλήσεων. gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various

90

Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, II. Ανάπτυξη καλύτερου δικτύου μεταφορών και ταχύτερη the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof διαδικασία πρόσβασης: whatever otherείναι consequences has, σημασίας results alsoηrising land prices (andσε the potential relative speculation). Πρώτον, στρατηγικής χώραofνα προχωρήσει potential relative speculation).

Theυποδομών term gentrification is found first in the UK early 1960s and it refers to έργα με έμφαση τις atθαλάσσιες και in αεροπορικές μεταφορές.

The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor Μέσω των υποδομών αυτών people επιτυγχάνεται η ενίσχυση τηνof the then observed trend wealthy to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents are ανταγωνιστικότητας σε περιφερειακό και σεthus τοπικό επίπεδο, London, upgrade them,τόσο stay themselves sometimesόσο there and old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. καθώς πραγματοποιείται καλύτερη σύνδεση με τις αναδυόμενες και τις being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth απομακρυσμένες αγορές (π.χ.similar μέσω απευθείας Δεύτερον, A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere theπτήσεων). work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major πρέπει να γίνειcountries, αναθεώρηση των διαδικασιών παροχής άδειας εισόδου, cities in Western by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars andπλαίσιο for its more ίσως να πραγματοποιηθούν κάποιες διευκολύνσεις στο των Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various διαδικασιών Σέγκεν. comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: In aIII. sense, theof phenomenon is due a trend of a new of social groups Χρήση καινοτομιών καιto τεχνολογίας στην αναβάθμιση των to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money επαγγελματικών δυνατοτήτων και τη βελτίωση της τεχνογνωσίας: and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Ο τουρισμός θα Sociologist έπρεπε να είναι από τους πιοsearch καινοτόμους The termat comes from Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS wasbetter born in sense1.of safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, for Berlin, where she made her first studies.

In υστερεί.

1932 she published an important study entitled: κλάδους τεχνολογικά, πλην όμως Έτσι, αρχικά θα πρέπει να services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for δημιουργηθεί ψηφιοποιημένο Μητρώο Επιχειρήσεων, lower living costένα of, in “withdrawal” from private easier access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car NewΤουριστικών York she came to back to London, in According 1943 published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 sheto became teacher in the ώστε ναsheπαρέχονται όλες οι διαδικασίες εξυπηρέτησης τουριστικών to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying επιχειρήσεων και επενδυτών. Επίσης, η ανάγκη ύπαρξης καινοτόμων her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate,προγραμμάτων etc., for theCodepreciation initially of partμεγάλη. of the urban in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: και στοχευμένων κατάρτισης είναι Ο web, ρόλος Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aτους variety ways, in toεστιασμένος achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, θα of πρέπει ναorder είναιAbstract. σε δύο κατηγορίες. Η(actually πρώτη

2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

κατηγορία είναι των ήδη απασχολούμενων στον τουρισμό που πρέπει να επιμορφωθούν στη χρήση νέων τεχνολογιών. Η δεύτερη θα εστιάζεται στη μετεκπαίδευση. Στόχος αυτών των προγραμμάτων θα πρέπει να είναι η δυνατότητα ανταπόκρισης του ανθρώπινου δυναμικού σε υψηλές απαιτήσεις υπηρεσιών φιλοξενίας, και ειδικότερα στις εναλλακτικές μορφές τουρισμού. Τέλος, είναι απαραίτητη η

By Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS συγκρότηση ενός ενιαίου τουριστικού δικτύου C. (clustering) που θα Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, ευνοεί τις συνέργειες μεταξύ των τουριστικών επιχειρήσεων

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect (networking) με απώτερο στόχο ναStudent υπάρξει διασύνδεση των of the School of Architecture τουριστικών προϊόντων για τη δημιουργία ολοκληρωμένων Technical University of Crete τουριστικών προϊόντων. Μέσω αυτών των δικτύων μπορεί να τονωθεί 1. Introductoryκαι approach: Defining theοι concept η εξωστρέφεια να διευκολυνθούν διασυνοριακές συνεργασίες.

1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among4.other wise heritageΕΠΙΧΕΙΡΕΙΝ he left us, he a great the ΗΛΕΚΤΡΟΝΙΚΟ /established Ε-ΕΠΙΧΕΙΡΕΙΝ / Ε-BUSINESS among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. Η τεχνολογία αποτελεί πλέον καθημερινότητα στις ζωές μας, acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term όπως έχουμε αναφέρει και παραπάνω Παούνη, 2014). Το 1 (and Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a (Δεληθέου, first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 διαδίκτυο μπορεί να προσφέρει στις επιχειρήσεις ένα νέο φάσμα gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various δυνατοτήτων ως προς την επικοινωνία, τη μεγαλύτερη διείσδυση στην Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), ofκαι social groups, usually ofκαλύτερων low-income and thethis placement there of artists, αγορά ανάπτυξη δικτύων επικοινωνίας και the operation ofτην art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results rising land prices (and theof εξυπηρέτησης τόσο με πελάτες όσοalso και με ofπρομηθευτές. Στην whatever other consequences has,ηresults alsoτου rising of land prices the potential relative speculation). παρακάτω ενότητα, εισάγεται έννοια e-επιχειρείν, η (and οποία potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first the UKτεχνολογίας. in early 1960s Ο and it refers to αποτελεί την νέα μορφή εμπορίου σεinόρους λόγος που The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor το είναι of γιατί αποτελεί απαραίτητο εργαλείο πουof theπαρουσιάζουμε then observed trend wealthy peopleένα to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes and thus old residents are θα πρέπει να αξιοποιηθεί από τους sometimes δύο κλάδους Έτσι, το London, upgrade them, stay themselves thereτης and μελέτης. thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. ηλεκτρονικό επιχειρείν μπορεί να οριστεί ως μια επιχειρηματική being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth διαδικασία οποία σεis situations αυτοματοποιημένο σύστημα. Το A description ofperiod, this βασίζεται phenomenon included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at theηsame while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major ηλεκτρονικό περιλαμβάνει όχι µόνο την αγορά και πώληση cities in Westernεπιχειρείν countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more προϊόντων, υπηρεσιών και/ή πληροφοριών, αλλά και την εξυπηρέτηση Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the των πελατών, τη διεξαγωγή των επιχειρηματικών διαδικασιών, τη comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of την gentrification, the following: διεπιχειρησιακή συνεργασία και ηλεκτρονική εκπαίδευση με βάση interpretations the phenomenon of thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is due togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups πάντα το internet. Πολλές φορές, ο όρος ηλεκτρονικό επιχειρείν to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money (e-business) συγχέεται με το ηλεκτρονικό εμπόριο (e-commerce). Στην and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the πραγματικότητα το Sociologist ηλεκτρονικό εμπόριο μέρος τουin 1.of The termat comes from Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born sense safety the distributed residencies outside townαποτελεί centres, for Berlin, where sheεπιχειρείν. made her firstΟstudies.

In 1932 she published an important study entitled: ηλεκτρονικού όρος ηλεκτρονικό εμπόριο αναφέρεται στη services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for χρήση του διαδικτύου για from την αγορά και προϊόντων ή lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” private easier access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car New Yorkπώληση she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding city planning.

In 1950 she the υπηρεσιών και απευθύνεται σε πιο ευρύ αγοραστικό κοινό με teacher σκοπόin να to another approach, the phenomenon is due tobecame a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying συμβάλει στην επικοινωνία αγοραστών και επιχειρήσεων. Παρακάτω her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part the urban web,με in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: θα παρουσιάσουμε ορισμένες κατηγοριοποιήσεις πουof σχετίζονται Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. wetzel/gentry.htm aτην variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually ανάπτυξη των κλάδων μεhttp://www.uncanny.net/ συγκριτικά πλεονεκτήματα και την

252191 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns I. Business-to-Business (Β2Β):

περιφερειακή ανάπτυξη. Παρουσιάζεται η δομή και η λειτουργία και μπορούμε να καταλάβουμε πως θα βοηθήσει στην ανάπτυξη των κλάδων. Αυτές είναι: Αφορά στις πωλήσεις από επιχειρήσεις σε επιχειρήσεις, σαν Byδιαδικασία Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS χονδρικό ηλεκτρονικό εμπόριο. Η μπορεί να περιλαμβάνει Harvard University, Graduate School Design, Student, και άλλα στοιχεία που έχουν σημασία για τη of λειτουργία της

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect επιχείρησης, όπως είναι η μελλοντική διαθεσιμότητα, οι όροι πληρωμής Student of the School of Architecture ή οι χρόνοι παράδοσης μιας παρτίδας.

Technical University of Crete

92

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept II. Business-to-Consumer (B2C): 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, Αφορά τις πωλήσεις από επιχειρήσεις σε καταναλωτές σαν ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the λιανικό ηλεκτρονικό εμπόριο. Χαρακτηριστικά παραδείγματα among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. αποτελούν οιknowledge πωλήσειςstarts βιβλίων, υπολογιστών ήthe ακόμη καιofσυνδρομών acquisition of with the content concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term περιοδικών.

1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various III. Business-to-Government Sociology as well), as the “refining” of (B2G): a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, Επιχειρηματικές συναλλαγές με κυβερνητικούς φορείς, όπως the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever otherδιεκπεραίωση consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof ηλεκτρονική φορολογικών υποχρεώσεων εταιρειών, whatever other consequences results also ηλεκτρονική rising of land συμπλήρωση prices (and the potential relative διαγωνισμοί γιαspeculation). δημόσια έργαhas, ή προμήθειες, potential relative speculation). term gentrification is found first in the UK 1960s and it παροχή refers to καιTheυποβολή εγγράφων ή atαιτήσεων καιin early ηλεκτρονική The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor πληροφοριών για trend εμπορικά θέματα. Αυτό το property είδος e-εμπορίου έχειof the then observed wealthy people to there buy in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents are αρχίσει να εξαπλώνεται και στην sometimes Ελλάδα μέσω των που London, upgrade them, stay themselves there and thusδράσεων old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. αποτελούν την ηλεκτρονική διακυβέρνηση (e-Government). being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Government-to-government (G2G): cities inIV. Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Since then,ηthe issue has several αλληλεπίδραση scholars and for its more Είναι διαδικτυακή μηResearchers. εμπορική μεταξύ Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various κυβερνητικών οργανισμών, τμημάτων και αρχών με άλλους comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations ofοργανισμούς, the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: κυβερνητικούς τμήματα και αρχές. interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money 4.1. LOGISTICS ΚΑΙ Ε-ΕΠΙΧΕΙΡΕΙΝ and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Είτε αναφερόμαστε στον κλάδο του 1912-1940. τουρισμού είτε στον κλάδο The term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, Ruth GLASS was born in sense1.of safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, search for better Berlin, where she made her first studies.

In 1932 sheπρόβλημα published anστην important study entitled: των τροφίμων η Ελλάδα αντιμετωπίζει εφοδιαστική services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for της αλυσίδα. Η in τελική αξίαfrom μπορεί είναι ακόμα και 80-90% lower living cost of, “withdrawal” private car access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London andνα Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. sheto became teacher the υψηλότερη από την αρχική τιμή αγοράς.In 1950 Οis due λόγος πωςin ο to another approach, the a είναι systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying ενδιάμεσος εφοδιαστικός κρίκος της παραγωγικής διαδικασίας αυξάνει her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

The Free Encyclopedia: το κόστος. Η λύσηetc., θα for μπορούσε να είναι ηWIKIPEDIA: αύξηση της παραγωγής, Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aοπότε variety ways, inθαorder to achieve the5-20%. “assisted”, “voluntary”, τοofκόστος μειωνόταν κατά Γεγονός που δεν(actually ωφελεί

2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

την ανάπτυξη των συγκριτικών πλεονεκτημάτων, καθώς η χώρα έχει την ίδια παραγωγική δύναμη για παράδειγμα της Κίνας, αλλά μπορεί να εστιάσει στην καλή ποιότητα. Η σύνδεση του παραγωγού ή μιας επιχείρησης προσφοράς υπηρεσιών με τους καταναλωτές μπορεί να επιτευχθεί μέσω του διαδικτύου. Η συμβολή του e-business φαίνεται στα εξής επιχειρηματικά σενάρια που παρουσιάζουμε παρακάτω, τα

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS οποία μπορούν να αναπτυχθούν είτε μεμονωμένα είτε σε συνδυασμούς.

Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Αυτά είναι:

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect I. Το πρώτο σενάριο (creator) υιοθετεί τις απευθείας Student of the School of Architecture αγοραπωλησίες φέρνοντας σε άμεση επαφή τον παραγωγό με ofτους Technical University Crete πελάτες του μέσω του Διαδικτύου.

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept II. Το δεύτερο σενάριο (distributor) αναφέρεται σε επιχειρήσεις 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the το ancient Greek που αναλαμβάνουν ρόλο τουphilosopher, διανομέα για λογαριασμό άλλης ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other προσφέροντας wise heritage hethird left us, he established a great the επιχείρησης party υπηρεσίες. among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts.

III. Τοofτρίτο σενάριο (broker) αναφέρεται σε επιχειρήσεις που acquisition knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term αναλαμβάνουν - σε επίπεδο πληροφόρησης - το ρόλο του ενδιάμεσου 1 (and Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if notthe final, approach, the term urban gentrification) is (in area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 φορέα μεταξύ αγοραστή και πωλητή χωρίς να διακινούν προϊόντα. gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various Ο λόγος που γίνεται αναφορά στο e-business σε αυτή τη μελέτη Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, είναι κυρίως τα πλεονεκτήματα που προσφέρει, καθώς είναι ένα the operation ofγια art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences results also rising land prices (and theof σύνολο μεθόδων και νέωνhas, τεχνολογιών που of αυξάνουν την αξία, whatever otherspeculation). consequences results also rising την of landπροβολή prices (andκαι the potential relative ελαχιστοποιούν το κόστος,has,μεγιστοποιούν potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK inκαταναλωτές. early 1960s and Αυτά it refersτα to προσεγγίζουν καλύτερα και περισσότερους The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor οφέλη μπορούν ναtrend έχουνofθετικό τόσοproperty στον επιχειρηματικό the then observed wealthyαντίκτυπο people to there buy in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof κόσμο (εξαγωγικό τομέα) όσο καιsometimes στην κοινωνία.

London, upgrade them, stay themselves there andΣυγκεκριμένα thus old residentsτα are being indirectly “squeezed”. πλεονεκτήματα μπορούν να ταξινομηθούν επιγραμματικά στις εξής being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth κατηγορίες Παούνη, 2014): A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the(Δεληθέου, same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Δυνατότητα εξυπηρέτησης περισσότερων πελατών: Ο αριθμός cities inI. Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Since then, the issue has several scholars and for more του ανθρώπινου δυναμικού για Researchers. την εξυπηρετήσει δεν είναι τοits ίδιο με Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various ενός καταστήματος οπότε το κόστος δεν είναι το ίδιο. comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon thebelow, following: II. Ταχύτατη προβολήof gentrification, προωθητικών και διαφημιστικών interpretations of the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, the dueof togentrification, aδιάφορες trend of a new of social groups ενεργειών: Μεphenomenon αυτό τον isτρόπο προωθητικές ενέργειες to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money γίνονται γνωστές σε ελάχιστο χρονικό διάστημα σε εθνικό αλλά και σε and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the διεθνές επίπεδο οποίο στηνGLASS, πραγματική αγορά θα φάνταζε 1.of The termat comes from το Sociologist Ruth 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born in sense safety theκάτι distributed residencies outside town centres, for Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: αδύνατο. services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for III. Πρόσβαση σε νέες αγορές: Μια πουto διευρύνει τους lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private car access markets, etc. studies and research Geneva, Prague, London andεπιχείρηση Neweasier York she came back to London, where in According 1943 she της published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 she teacher the ορίζοντες μέσω του ηλεκτρονικού επιχειρείν μπορεί πλέον in να to another approach, the is due tobecame a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying εισέλθει σε νέες αγορές χωρίς κανένα γεωγραφικό περιορισμό her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., for theσε depreciation initially ofεπίπεδο). part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: (Εξάπλωση της επιχείρησης εθνικό και2009. διεθνές G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety ways, in εξυπηρέτηση order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually IV. of Καλύτερη πελατών: Για παράδειγμα στον τομέα 252193 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

του τουρισμού επιτυγχάνεται υποστήριξη πελατών 24 ώρες το 24ωρο και όλες τις ημέρες του χρόνου, πράγμα το οποίο είναι ένα ισχυρό ανταγωνιστικό εργαλείο.

V. Ενίσχυση της εικόνας της επιχείρησης: Το ηλεκτρονικό επιχειρείν ενισχύει και βελτιώνει την εικόνα μιας επιχείρησης με μικρότερο κόστος.

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS VI. Δημιουργία νέων συνεργασιών: Με την δυνατότητα της Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, προβολής της επιχείρησης σε όλο τον κόσμο εκτός από πελάτες

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect προσεγγίζεται μια επιχείρηση και από ενδιαφερόμενους συνεργάτεςStudent of the School of Architecture προμηθευτές.

Technical University of Crete VII. Ανταγωνιστικότητα: Μέσω του ηλεκτρονικού επιχειρείν και Introductory approach: Defining the conceptανταγωνίζονται η μία την του1. ηλεκτρονικού εμπορίου οι επιχειρήσεις 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, άλλη με αποτέλεσμα οι επιχειρήσεις να κυμαίνονται σε ένα σταθερό ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the επίπεδο τιμών. among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. Αν καιofτα οφέλη από τοwith ηλεκτρονικό επιχειρείν στις of επιχειρήσεις, acquisition knowledge starts theindefinition the content concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term τουςBased, πελάτες αλλά και του“principle” προμηθευτές είναιif πολλά υπάρχουν αρκετά 1 (and therefore, on this inindicated a first, notthe final, approach, the term urban gentrification) is (in area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 μειονεκτήματα, τα οποία πρέπει να τα λάβουμε υπόψη μας. Τα gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various περισσότερα από αυτά απορρέουν από το γεγονός ότι το συγκεκριμένο Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, είδος εμπορίου έγινε πιο δημοφιλές τα However τελευταία χρόνια, οπότε πολλοί the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever otherκαι consequences has, results also risingτον of land prices (and theof καταναλωτές επιχειρηματίες δεν γνωρίζουν τρόπο λειτουργίας whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative και ως επακόλουθο δεν το εμπιστεύονται. Επίσης, η πρόσβαση στο potential relative speculation).

The term is found at firstυπάρχουν in the UK in early 1960s refers to internet δενgentrification είναι δεδομένη, καθώς θεωρίες πωςand τοitinternet The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor είναι είδος πολυτελείας ή πως people αυξάνει υπερβολικά κόστος. the then observed trend wealthy to there buy property in το poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof Σημαντικό μειονέκτημα όμως είναι το μη κόστος London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes thereυπολογίσιμο and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. δημιουργίας ενός ηλεκτρονικού καταστήματος. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth

94

A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major ΠΕΡΙΦΕΡΕΙΑΚΗ cities in5.Western countries, byΑΝΑΠΤΥΞΗ other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more 5.1. ΡΟΛΟΣ ΤΗΣ ΠΕΡΙΦΕΡΕΙΑΣ Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from various Η ένταξη της Ελλάδας στην Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση είχε ως comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, following: αποτέλεσμα να αλλάξουν αρκετές εγχώριες the πολιτικές (νομισματικές interpretations of the phenomenon gentrification, thecategory following: In aκαι sense, phenomenon isόλα dueof to trend of aτων new of socialσε groups κ.α.) να the εναρμονιστούν ταa σχέδια κρατών-μελών μια to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money κοινή κατεύθυνση ανάπτυξης. Έχοντας ήδη αναφέρει τους κλάδους της and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the οικονομίας, αρκετά δυνατά συγκριτικά πλεονεκτήματα, 1.of The termπου from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety atcomes theκατέχουν distributed residencies outside town centres, search Berlin, where she made herΑυτοδιοίκησης first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: ο ρόλος της Τοπικής είναι να βρει τα κατάλληλα μέσα services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for και να πραγματοποιήσει έναfrom σωστό σχεδιασμό, που αποφέρει το lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” private car access to markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and Neweasier York she cameθα back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 sheεκπροσωπεί, teacher όσο in the μέγιστο δυνατό όφελος τόσο στους κατοίκους, to another approach, the isπου due tobecame a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying και για στις επιχειρήσεις, που δραστηριοποιούνται εντός αυτής. her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate,της etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web,το in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Επιπλέον, ο COLLINS ρόλος Τοπικής Αυτοδιοίκησης έχει ενισχυθεί, καθώς Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aμοντέλο variety της of ways, in order to achieve “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually δημόσιας διοίκησης έχειthe γίνει περισσότερο αποκεντρωτικό

2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

από πριν. Πλεονεκτήματα αυτής της αποκέντρωσης είναι η μεταβίβαση των εξουσιών, η λήψη αποφάσεων και αρμοδιοτήτων άσκησης πολιτικής από τα εκάστοτε περιφερειακά όργανα του κράτους. Στα πλαίσια του σχεδίου «Ευρώπη 2020», που είναι σε δράση αυτή την περίοδο, όλες οι ευρωπαϊκές εθνικές, περιφερειακές και τοπικές αρχές πρέπει να συνεργαστούν όσο το δυνατόν πιο

By Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS αποτελεσματικά για την υλοποίηση των στόχων C. που έχουν τεθεί από Harvard University, Graduate School Design, Student, το νέο πλαίσιο. Έτσι, αποφασίστηκε η διαμόρφωση of ενός συμφώνου

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect μεταξύ των τοπικών και περιφερειακώνStudent αρχώνof που οι βασικές τους the School of Architecture δραστηριότητες θα είναι ο έλεγχος των πολιτικών και η University διακυβέρνηση Technical of Crete και επικοινωνία. Παράλληλα, όμως, μπορούν να αναπτύξουν δράσεις, 1. Introductory the concept που σχετίζονταιapproach: με τις Defining πρωτοβουλίες, που τίθενται από το νέο 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the Η ancient Greek philosopher, στρατηγικό πλαίσιο. παρουσίαση των πρωτοβουλιών θα γίνει μεν ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: BC, Athens), among otherαλλά wise heritage heνα left us, he established a great the συνοπτικά, μπορούμε δούμε πώς οι πολιτικές της370 Ευρωπαϊκής among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. Ένωσης μπορούν να αποκτήσουν έναν πρακτικό χαρακτήρα. Αυτές acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term είναι: 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban I. Αποδοτική αξιοποίηση Ευρώπης: την gentrification gentrification) isarea, indicated (in thefrom areathis, ofΑφορά Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” ofτων a cityπόρων theτης removal (in various «πράσινη» ανάπτυξη που πρέπει να επιτευχθεί μέχρι το 2020 μέσω της Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually low-income and thethis placement of artists, ενημέρωσης, και of εφαρμογής εθνικών στρατηγικών για την the operation ofυιοθέτησης art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof κλιματικήother αλλαγή. whatever other consequences results also rising land prices the potential II. relative Μια speculation). βιομηχανικήhas, πολιτική για of την εποχή(andτης potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at firstότι in the UK in earlyτης 1960s and it refers to παγκοσμιοποίησης: Η Ε.Ε. γνωρίζει η οικονομία στηρίζεται στις The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor Μικρο-Μεσαίες Επιχειρήσεις καιpeople ότιto οbuyανταγωνισμός σεareas μιαof the then observed trend wealthy in poor London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes thereproperty and thus old residents are παγκοσμιοποιημένη είναι μεγάλος. Αποφασίζει ναold στηρίξει London, upgrade them,αγορά stay themselves sometimes there and thus residentsτη are being indirectly “squeezed”. ραχοκοκαλιά της οικονομίας της μέσω της καλύτερης πληροφόρησης, being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth της A καλύτερης πρόσβασης στους χρηματοπιστωτικούς θεσμούς, της description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major εκπαίδευσης της περαιτέρω αξιοποίησης της πρωτοβουλίας της cities in Westernκαι countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars andΠεριφέρεια» for its more Επιτροπής των Περιφερειών «Ευρωπαϊκή Επιχειρηματική Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for various itsμέσω more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the για την τόνωση της μακροπρόθεσμης οικονομικής ανάπτυξης comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of theσε phenomenon gentrification, the following: των επιχειρήσεων τοπικό καιofπεριφερειακό επίπεδο. interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: In aIII. sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new of social groups Ατζέντα για νέες δεξιότητες και ευκαιρίες εργασίας: Οι τοπικές to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money και περιφερειακές αρχές έχουν το ρόλο της παροχής εκπαίδευσης και and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the επιμόρφωσης τωνdistributed ατόμων γιαRuth τηνGLASS, ένταξη ή επανένταξή τους στην 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born in sense safety the residencies outside town centres, for Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: αγορά εργασίας services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for IV. Ευρωπαϊκή πλατφόρμα ενάντια φτώχεια: Στη lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private car access to markets, etc. studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and Neweasier York στη she came back to London, where in According 1943 she published studies regarding city planning. Inμιας 1950 sheto became teacher in the συγκεκριμένη όλοιthe οιphenomenon κάτοικοι περιφέρειας πρέπει to πρωτοβουλία another approach, is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying να έχουν την ίδια πρόσβαση και να λαμβάνουν την ίδια ωφέλεια από her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. κυρίως London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: τις κοινωνικές υπηρεσίες. Αφορά άνεργους, μητέρες και άτομα Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aπου variety ofδεχτεί ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually έχουν κοινωνικό αποκλεισμό.

252195 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

V. Ένωση καινοτομίας: Συνεργασία πανεπιστημίων και ιδιωτικού τομέα στα πλαίσια της έρευνας και ανάπτυξης, ώστε να γεφυρωθεί το χάσμα μεταξύ επιστήμης και αγοράς και τα προϊόντα της επιστημονικής σκέψης να μπορούν να μετατρέπονται σε προϊόντα χρήσιμα για τις κοινωνίες.

VI. Νέοι σε κίνηση: Αφορά την εκπαίδευση των νέων και την

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS κινητικότητά τους εντός της Ευρώπης μέσω ανταλλαγής πρακτικών Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, για παράδειγμα.

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect VII. Ψηφιακή Ατζέντα για την Ευρώπη: Δια-λειτουργικότητα Student of the School of Architecture ανάμεσα στις ευρωπαϊκές κεντρικές, περιφερειακές και τοπικές Technical University of Crete διοικήσεις, αύξηση της χρήσης της ηλεκτρονικής διακυβέρνησης για τη 1. Introductory the concept βελτίωση της approach: παροχής Defining κοινωνικών υπηρεσιών όπως είναι η 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, εκπαίδευση, η υγεία, ο κοινωνικός αποκλεισμός, ο χωροταξικός ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the σχεδιασμός.

96

among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 5.2 therefore, ΤΡΟΠΟΙ ΚΑΙ ΜΕΣΑ ΕΝΙΣΧΥΣΗΣ 1 (and urban Based, on this “principle” inindicated a first, ΔΕΞΙΟΤΗΤΩΝ if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) Στην παραπάνω ενότητα παρουσιάστηκε ρόλος οι gentrification isarea, indicated (in theοfrom area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city the removal this, (inκαι various αρμοδιότητες, που έχουν δοθεί από την Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση, Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually ofπώς low-income andαρμοδιότητες thethis placement of artists, προκειμένου αναλύσουμε αυτές οι μπορούν να the operation ofνα art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other με consequences has,του results also rising πλεονεκτήματος of land prices (andτων theof συνδυαστούν την ενίσχυση συγκριτικού whatever other consequences has,τουρισμού. results alsoΕπιπλέον, rising of landτο prices the potential relative speculation). κλάδων των τροφίμων και του νέο (and σχέδιο potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at firstεναρμονίζεται in the UK in earlyπλήρως 1960s and itμε refersτις to αποκέντρωσης «Καλλικράτης» The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor προϋποθέσεις, πουtrend μια περιφέρεια πρέπει να property έχει σύμφωνα με ταof the then observed wealthy sometimes people to there buy in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents are ευρωπαϊκά δεδομένα. Έτσι, οι ΟΤΑ και οιthere Περιφέρειες έχουν τη London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. δυνατότητα να ακολουθούν και να σχεδιάζουν πολιτικές με βάση όλες being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth τις οικονομικές, τεχνολογικές και πολιτικές εξελίξεις προστάζει η A description of this phenomenon is situations included in the recorded workπου of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar were in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major παγκοσμιοποιημένη αγορά και παράλληλα να ενδυναμώνουν τις cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more τοπικές κοινωνίες.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andδιοικητικές for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from the Προκειμένου να μπορούν να αντεπεξέλθουν οι νέες comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: δομές στα νέα τους καθήκοντα, η Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση έχει διαθέσει interpretations the phenomenon of thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueοι togentrification, a trend of οι a new ofμπορούν social groups πηγές χρηματοδότησης. Πλέον, ΟΤΑ και Περιφέρειες να to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money αυτοχρηματοδοτούνται από ίδιους πόρους μέσω της φορολογίας , τέλη and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the κ.τ.λ., αλλά πόρους. Επίσης, μπορούν ναin 1.of The termκαι fromθεσμοθετημένους Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born sense safety atcomes theαπό distributed residencies outside town centres, for Berlin, where sheαπό made her first studies. In 1932 she published anαπό important study entitled: δανειστούν ιδιωτικές τράπεζες και το Ταμείο services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Παρακαταθηκών και Prague, Δανείων. βασική πηγή lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private car access markets, etc. studies and research Geneva, London andΠαράλληλα, Neweasier York she came to back to London, where in According 1943 she published studies regarding city planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher την in the χρηματοδότησης παραμένει ηthe Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση ως προς to another approach, phenomenon is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying χρηματοδότηση για την αναπτυξιακή ανασυγκρότηση των ΟΤΑ και her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd.ομίλου London 2009.

The Free Encyclopedia: των Περιφερειών μέσω του τηςWIKIPEDIA: Ευρωπαϊκής Τράπεζας Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aΕπενδύσεων variety of ways, in orderκαι to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually (ΕΤΕπ) ειδικότερα του Ευρωπαϊκού Ταμείου

2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

Επενδύσεων. Επίσης, οι πρωτοβουλίες Jessica και Jeremie έχουν ως στόχο τη χρηματοδότηση δράσεων αστικής ανάπτυξης και ανάπλασης και οικονομικής στήριξης των μικρομεσαίων επιχειρήσεων. Οι πρωτοβουλίες έχουν αναπτυχθεί με τη συνεργασία της ΕΤΕπ και του Συμβουλίου της Ευρωπαϊκής Τράπεζας Ανάπτυξης (CEB). Εκτός των παραπάνω παραδοσιακών εργαλείων

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS χρηματοδότησης τα τελευταία χρόνια έχουν αναπτυχθεί και Harvardκαι University, School of Design, χρησιμοποιηθεί νέες μορφές πηγές Graduate χρηματοδότησης. Αυτές Student, είναι η

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect χρηματοδοτική μίσθωση (leasing), τα Student πρακτορεία επιχειρηματικών of the School of Architecture απαιτήσεων (factoring) και το ζήτημα των επενδυτών (investors) μεCrete τη Technical University of μορφή των Business Angels και των εταιρειών Spin-off. Μια άλλη 1. Introductory approach: Defining theκαι concept μέθοδος που χρησιμοποιείται αρκετά στο εξωτερικό είναι αυτή των 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, Συμπράξεων Δημοσίου και Ιδιωτικού Τομέα. (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among otherενότητες wise heritage left us, he established a great the Στις με heτους κλάδους και (444 τα συγκριτικά τους among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. πλεονεκτήματα αναφέραμε καιdefinition προτάσεις προκειμένου να acquisition of knowledge starts with the the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if of not final, approach, the term μεγιστοποιηθεί τοurban κέρδος. Σε συνδυασμό με την περιφέρεια που μπορεί 1 (and Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in not final, approach, the term gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 να αντλήσει χρηματοδότηση από τις παραπάνω πηγές, είναι gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, ofαυτό Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various εφικτό. Επίσης, μπορεί και πρέπει να στηρίξει τις δράσεις για Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, e-επιχειρείν. Προϋπόθεση είναι η etc. ορθή χρήση των πόρων. Σύμφωνα the operation of art galleries, restaurants, However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results alsoοιrising of land prices (and the με όσα έχουμε αναφέρει μέχρι στιγμής περιφέρειες μπορούν ναof whatever other consequences has, μέσω resultsτων alsoεξής risingδράσεων, of land prices (andως the potential relative speculation). συμβάλουν στην ανάπτυξή τους έχοντας potential relative speculation).

The term γνώμονα τιςgentrification προτάσεις:is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor Προγράμματα κατάρτισης επιμόρφωσης the then observed trend wealthyκαι people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof Βελτίωση των υποδομών London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. Εκσυγχρονισμός της ίδιας της τοπικής A description of this phenomenon is included in αυτοδιοίκησης the work of Sociologist Ruth A description of this phenomenon is included inwere theτοπική work of κοινωνία Sociologist Ruth των while περιφερειών με την και GLASSΣυνεργασία at the same period, similar situations recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other επιστημονικές ομάδες για τονResearchers. κατάλληλο σχεδιασμό και περαιτέρω cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, issue has several scholars and for its more ενίσχυση των the κλάδων Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: 6. ΣΥΜΠΕΡΑΣΜΑΤΑ interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups Η διαμόρφωση και η αποτελεσματική υλοποίηση περιφερειακών to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money στρατηγικών έρευνας καινοτομίας είναιwhere απαραίτητες. Παραπάνω and time to travel from theκαι purlieus to downtown, work place is, lack of the παρουσιάσαμε δύο κλάδους της οικονομίας που μπορούν ναin 1.

The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS wasbetter born sense of safety at the distributed residencies outside town centres, search for Berlin, where she made her first studies.

In 1932 she published an important study entitled: προσφέρουν πολλά στον επαναπροσδιορισμό ανάπτυξης χώρα. services of health, education, entertainment “at the της heart of the city”,στη (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. Παρουσιάσαμε την έννοια του e-επιχειρείν και δείξαμε τους λόγους που studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where in 1943 she published studies regarding city planning.

In 1950 she became teacher the According to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and πρέπει να υποστηριχθεί από την τοπική αυτοδιοίκηση και in να University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying αποκτήσει σημαντικότερο στις δραστηριότητες των her work are characterized by a passion μερίδιο for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: επιχειρήσεων. Ιδιαίτερα σημαντικός είναι επίσης και ο ρόλος της G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

περιφερειακής και τοπικής αυτοδιοίκησης όχι μόνο ως προς την

252197 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

By Mr.για George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS συνεργασία με την εθνική διοίκηση την τόνωση της οικονομίας Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, αλλά και η ενεργός συμμετοχή τους προς αυτή την κατεύθυνση. Επίσης

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect αποτελεί τον συνδετικό κρίκο της οικονομίας και της κοινωνίας και θα Student of the School of Architecture πρέπει να συμβάλλει στο να μεγιστοποιεί τα οφέλη και των δύο μερών.

Technical University of Crete

98

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept ΒΙΒΛΙΟΓΡΑΦΙΑ: 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek Αντιγόνη. philosopher, Δεληθέου Βασιλική, Παούνη e- Entrepreneurship uses ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great innovation and leads to the development (υπό δημοσίευση).

2014. the among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. Δημέλη, Σοφία. 2004. Συγκριτικά πλεονεκτήματα της ελληνικής acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term οικονομίας: και κλαδική ανάλυση Μελέτες 1 Συνολική Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if1990-2001. notthe final, approach, the 53. term (and urban gentrification) is (in area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 Αθήνα: Κέντρο Προγραμματισμού και Οικονομικών Ερευνών. gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various ΚΕΝΤΡΟ ΠΡΟΓΡΑΜΜΑΤΙΣΜΟΥ ΚΑΙ ΟΙΚΟΝΟΜΙΚΩΝ ΕΡΕΥΝΩΝ.

Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of“ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΗ social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, 2014. ΟΙΚΟΝΟΜΙΑ: Δελτίο Οικονομικών the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.Μηνιαίο However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences Εξελίξεων.” Πρόσβαση Μάϊοςhas, 21η.results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative http://www.kepe.gr/images/ellhnikh_oikonomia/ellhnikh_oikon potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to omia_teyxos_01-january_2014.pdf The term gentrification is found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property inεργαλεία poor Μαργιολάκη, Νίκη.ofwealthy 2014. Νέα χρηματοδοτικά καιof the then observed trend wealthy people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes and thus old residents are (τοπική/ περιφερειακή) Πτυχιακή there εργασία. Αθήνα. ΕΘΝΙΚΗ London, upgrade them, stayανάπτυξη. themselves sometimes and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. ΣΧΟΛΗ ΔΗΜΟΣΙΑΣ ΔΙΟΙΚΗΣΗΣ ΚΑΙ ΑΥΤΟΔΙΟΙΚΗΣΗΣ. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Αλεξάνδρα. Η πρόκληση τουof ηλεκτρονικού AΠηλείδου, description of this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while 2008. similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major επιχειρείν για τις ελληνικές ΜΜΕ. Διπλωματική εργασία. Θεσσαλονίκη: cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Πανεπιστήμιο Μακεδονίας, Οικονομικών και Κοινωνικών Επιστημών.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from various Σαββίδου, Άρτεμις. 2014. Θέματα Ανταγωνισμού: the Ρυθμίσεις comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης και Κρατών Μελών. Αθήνα. interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In aKrugman, sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a2002. new social groups Paul, and Maurice Obstfeld. ΔιεθνήςofΟικονομική: to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Θεωρία και Πολιτική. 5η Έκδοση. Αθήνα: Εκδόσεις ΚΡΙΤΙΚΗ. and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the McKinsey&Company, 2011. Ελλάδα χρόνια μπροστά: The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth“Η GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS wasbetter born in sense1.of safety the distributed residencies outside town10 centres, search for Berlin, where she made herνέο first μοντέλο studies. In 1932 she published anΕλλάδας, important study entitled: Προσδιορίζοντας το ανάπτυξης της Σύνοψη.” services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Πρόσβαση Μάϊος 25η. lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc. studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, where in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the http://www.sev.org.gr/Uploads/pdf/Greece_10_Years_Ahead_Executiv to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying e_summary_Greek_version_small.pdf her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban in 10th edit.

Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Osland, Joyce S..

2003.

“Broadening the Debate: The Pros andweb, Cons G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aofGentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to Management achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Globalization.”

Journal of Inquiry 12: 137.

2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

Ευαίσθητοι Ποιητέςof τουIntervention, Καιρού μας GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types Definition, Types of intervention, Concerns ofΠΕΡΑΝΤΩΝΗΣ Gentrification Μιχάλης Concerns Της κυρίας Ευαγγ. ΠΡΩΤΟΠΑΠΑ

Καθηγήτριας, Κοσμήτορος Σχολής Επαγγελ.

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Υγείας και Πρόνοιας Τ.Ε.Ι. Αθηνών Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Φαρμακοποιού, Κοσμητολόγου

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

Διάβασα το βιβλίο του ποιητή Μιχάλη Περαντώνη με τίτλο: «Το 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Τραγούδι του Νερού».

1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, theλόγο ancient Greekτραγουδά philosopher, Ο ποιητής με λυρικό, το νερό θυμίζοντάς μας το ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the σπουδαίο ρόλο που παίζει για να υπάρχει η ζωή. among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the Η συλλογή ανοίγει μ΄ένα πολύ τρυφερό, που μας φέρνει acquisition of knowledge starts withποίημα theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term πίσω στα χρόνια της αθωότητας, όπου δύο μικρά παιδιά οδηγούν 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban «καταπότη, καταπότη, τοgentrification) νερό». gentrification indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various

Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, Αρβυλάκια the operationστα of artπόδια, galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other τσάπα στο χέρι,consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative μαλλιά αγριόχορτα, potential relative speculation).

The termκοντό gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960sστρογγυλή and it refers to Τρέχει ο ήλιος παντελόνι με τιράντες, The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor τραγούδι στα στήθη. the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people toφωτιά, buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves there and thus old residents areof ο αετός ισορροπεί στα ύψη, London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Με φουστανάκι ολοκόκκινο ένα τζιτζίκι being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description this phenomenon is situations includedπάνω inwere theστη work of Sociologist Ruth πυρπολημένο τοof μικρό κορίτσι. φλούδα του major GLASS at the same period, while similar recorded in other GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. πεύκου την ξερή, cities Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several and for its more τον scholars κόσμο δροσερεύει. Από τηinφλέγα «δένουν» το νερό Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from και καταπότη, καταπότη comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations ofπεριβόλι, the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: τ’interpretations οδηγούν στο Παντελόνι κοντό με τιράντες, the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups που κοκκινίζει τις πορτοκαλιές. πυρπολημένο φουστανάκι to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown,κόκκινο. where work place is, lack of the Τρέχει οsafety ήλιος τόπι φωτεινό, 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she στον made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: τρέχει το νερό καταπότη, Το νερό στα πορτοκάλια, services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for τόξα τωνto χειλιών τρέχουν ταresearch έφηβα όνειρα lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private easier access markets, etc.where studies and Geneva, Prague, London and car Newτα York she came back to London, in According 1943 sheπορτοκάλια. published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 she teacher the to another approach, the is due tobecame a systematic and να γίνουν στάζουν κοχλάζων αίμα. in University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 252199 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

Προχωρώντας στη Types συλλογή, διαπιστώνουμε την ταύτιση του GENTRIFICATION Definition, of Intervention, νερού με το φως, ανακαλύπτουμε τη διαύγεια των πραγμάτων που Definition, Types ofπρέπει intervention, Concerns of Gentrification επιθυμεί ο ποιητής και τη διαφάνεια που να έχει η ψυχή μας.

Concerns 2 6

By Mr.Λευκές George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Τα νέφη παραμέρισαν χορδές του γαλάζιου, Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, ανάψανε οι ουρανοί παλλόμενες

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect από τον ήλιο τον αποβροχάρη. θωπεύουν τα νύχια του ήλιου Student of the School of Architecture Μια ηλιακτίδα ατίθαση και το τραγούδι Technical University of Crete και αφυδατωμένη υψώνεται πίδακας.

1. Introductory approach: Defining the Μεθυσμένος, concept τρύπησε της βροχής τα πρίσματα. ψηλά στο άσπρο 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept the ancient Greek philosopher, Οι ANTISTHENIS, κοπελιές της ίριδας κατάρτι, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the στήσανε κυκλικό χορό, απ’ το τραγούδι της370 γαλάζιας among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. πατήσανε τα πόδια τουςstarts στη with γη, the definition κιθάρας the content of concepts. acquisition of knowledge Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if of not final, approach, the term την Based, κεφαλή θόλο, 1τινάξανε therefore, onστο this “principle” is inταξιδεύεις a first, if (in notαμφίδρομα final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) indicated the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 τα έγχρωμα παπούτσια τους στο υπαρκτό και ανύπαρκτο. gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal from this, (in various δόθηκαν στο κυνήγι της σκιάς, Ή λι ες ακτίνες Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), ofγη social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, γέμισε η κάμπους φωτός, το μπλε νερό, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.τρύπησαν However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences also rising landγίνανε prices (and theof μες τους αιθέρες ανεμίζουνε has, resultsεξέθεσαν τοof βυθό, whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). της ίριδας οι χαίτες. τρισδιάστατες potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first inκαι theαμαζόνες UK in early 1960s and it refers to του κύματος The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor βγήκανε ακτή… the then observed trend of wealthy people to buyστην property in βότσαλα! poor areas of

100

London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth 34 A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, Οι the issue has ηλιακτίδες με τον αφρό,several ως διαscholars μαγείαςand for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars andthe for various its more comprehensiveέγιναν approach are being summarized below, from στέρεα ύλη, διαφανές βότσαλο, comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of theσχημάτισαν phenomenonτη ofχερσόνησο gentrification, the following: και των interpretations of the phenomenon gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, theκρυστάλλων, phenomenon is dueof to a trend of aκτίστηκε new όπου επάνω της η of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money διάφανη πόλη. and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where sheΣτην made πόλη her first studies.

Inμπορείς 1932 she να published an important study entitled: αυτή δεν κρύψεις services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for διότι μέσα στο νερό καθρεφτίζεται lower living costτίποτα, of, in “withdrawal” from private easier access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car New York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding city planning.

1950 sheto became teacher in the μόνο η εξωτερική όψη αλλά In και εσωτερική. toόχι another approach, the phenomenon isηdue a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying Φερ’ ειπείν κοιτώντας το δάπεδο των her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: σπιτιών βλέπεις μέσα στο νερό να καθρεφτίζεται G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, toαλλά achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually όλοinτοorder σπίτι, και ο ουρανός,

2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

γιατί GENTRIFICATION οι στέγες είναι διαφανείς.

Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, Concerns of Gentrification Ό,τι συμβαίνειTypes στην πόληof είναιintervention, σ’ όλους γνωστό, η επιφάνεια των υδάτων, απέραντη Concerns οθόνη, το προβάλλει διαρκώς.

Byτην Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Επομένως η πόλη ζει αλήθεια. Είναι Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, πόλη της ενδοσκόπησης.

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Η εξωτερική ομορφιά των γυναικών είναι University of Crete Technical

ανάλογη του εσώτερου κάλλους.

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greekπρος philosopher, Η πόλη, παράδειγμα μίμηση, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the θα γίνει αιτία να κτιστούν κι άλλες(444 among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. παρόμοιεςstarts πόλεις. acquisition of knowledge with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 Χαίρε το“refining” είδωλο των παράκτιων πόλεων, gentrification (and urban gentrification) isarea, indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the of a city the removal (in various Χαίρε η ονειρική ουτοπία Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, της γυναικός το etc. ροδόχρωμο, the operation ofΧαίρε art galleries, restaurants, However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever otherΧαίρε consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof του νερού πολλαπλάσιο. whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at firstσχεδόν in the UK early 1960s and it refers to Πρέπει να τονιστεί ότι σ΄όλα τα in ποιήματα υπάρχει The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor έντονο τοobserved υπαρξιακό στοιχείο. the then trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is22 included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Κάθεinπρωί δενcountries, είσαι ίδιος, Κάθε πρωί δεν είσαι ίδιος, cities Western by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then,οthe issue has several scholars μη σε ξεγελά καθρέφτης. όπως δεν είναι ίδιο and for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from Βέβαια είναι μικρή η διαφορά το νερό που νίβεσαι. comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of μέρα the phenomenon of gentrification, following: που μέρα με τη Αυτό που the μένει πάντα ίδιο interpretations of the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend new of social groups σημειώνεται στο πρόσωπό σου. είναι of τοaποτάμι του χρόνου to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Όμως οι μικροδιαφορές που μέσα του αλλάζουν οι μορφές and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the δρουν σαν τον όλεθρο ως να τις καταπιεί 1.of The term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: χαλούν και οικοδομούν η θάλασσα της λησμονιάς. services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for την τελική χωμάτινη μορφή μας. lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

101 2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, 25 ConcernsTypes 29 Definition, of intervention, of Gentrification Concerns Αόρατο ύδωρ, Άγνωστο πώς, απρόσμενα

μ’ έναν ήχο υπόκωφο, μόρια ύδατος απρόσμενα εμφανίζεσαι πυρπολημένα από C. τονATHANASOPOULOS ήλιο

By Mr. George-Sp. ανθίζοντας στα λιβάδια,Harvard University, σπείρανεGraduate τη ζωή School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect όπως η συνείδηση στις υγρές πεδιάδες, Student of the School of Architecture ανθίζει την πορεία μας, στη στέρεα Technical University of Crete νομοθετώντας. και στην αέρινη ύλη.

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Γέμισε η θάλασσα υδρόβια, 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept φτερούγες σπαθίζουν ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BCτους - 370αιθέρες, BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he leftστα us, he established a great the πεζοδρόμια της ξηράς among other wise heritage left us, he established a great “principle”: the acquisition of knowledge startshe with the definition of the content of concepts. βολτάρει η ζωή, acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term από τις λεωφόρους, 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification ασκείται η εξουσία ανθρώπου.

1 (and urban gentrification) gentrification indicated (inτου thefrom area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal this, (in various Χαίρε των υδάτων το πρωτοκύτταρο, Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, Χαίρεetc. τοHowever σπέρμα του ήλιου there ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless Χαίρε της γυναίκας ο γεννήτορας πόνος. whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof

whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to TheΌλα term gentrification found atpeople first inκινούνται the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of wealthy to buy property in poor τα ποιήματα isτης συλλογής σ΄ένα υπέροχο λυρικό the then observed trend of wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves and thus old residents areof κλίμα που μας ταξιδεύουν σε μια άηχη μουσικότητα χαρίζοντάς μας London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. ολοφώτεινες εικόνες. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth 36 A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Το γάλα των άστρων, Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more νύκτιο δάκρυ σταλάζει, comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: δροσίζοντας τα πέπλα της νύχτας. Χαίρε των φύλλων η πρωινή interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups πάχνη, to to αυγή, the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Ο “return” ήλιος την and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, of the το πρόσωπό του τοfrom έγχρωμο Χαίρε του νούφαρου τοlack υγρό termat comes Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, στα πρίσματα Berlin, where sheαποκαλύπτει. made her first studies. In 1932 μαξιλάρι, she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, Πολλά πιασμένα χέρι χέρι είναι ΧαίρεInτης ηteacher γωνίαin in According 1943ΕΝΑ, she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

1950 sheto became the to another approach, the isηλιακτίδας due a systematic and College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and ηUniversity ομορφιά. προσπτώσεως. long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

102

2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

37 of Intervention, GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Και το καταχείμωνο ρέει το καλοκαίρι σιωπηλά Η ροή του φωτός σε αυτοκτονεί, Concerns στις φλέβες της θαλασσόπετρας. η πυρκαγιά των ουρανών

Η σιωπή γίνεται πίδακας εφτάχρωμη!

George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS με τον κατακόρυφο δρόμο του By Mr.Άνθος πολύχρωμο λευκό!

Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, ήλιου.

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Χαίρε του ήλιου το φάσμα, Student of the School of Architecture Τα ουράνια, γαλάζιο θαυμαστικό, Technical University of Crete η άμμος ερωτομανής αγκάλη, Χαίρε του θόλου το έγχρωμο, 1. Introductory γόνιμο ωάριο, approach: Defining the concept 1.

Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, theακτινένιες. ancientDefining Greek philosopher, οι άγουρες κοπελιές Χαίρε του πρίσματος η διαίρεση.

ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Η ποιητική συλλογή κλείνει μ΄ένα ποίημα που υμνεί το ρόλο 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in not final, approach, theπου term gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 παίζει το νερό στην επικοινωνία των ανθρώπων. gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various Οι υδάτινοι δρόμοι έπαιζαν και παίζουν σπουδαίο ρόλο στην Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, συνάντηση και αλληλεπίδραση των πολιτισμών. the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative 41 potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy in poor Στα Χαίρε τουproperty ταξιδιώτη χειραψία the λιμάνια, then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property inηpoor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof οιLondon, τραγουδιστάδες ναύτες upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. ανταλλάσσουνε Χαίρεinτων το ασύνορο, being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description ofμορφές. this phenomenon is included the ωκεανών work of Sociologist Ruth του ναύτη νόστος, A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere theοrecorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Στο κύκλιο γίγνεσθαι, οι δρόμοι της ψυχής των cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities inτο Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more κέντρο ί-δι-ο των ανθρώπων. ανθρώπων.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from Στις ράχες των κυμάτων comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations the phenomenon of gentrification, theγης following: ταξιδεύουν οιof σκέψεις του Χαίρε της τα τραγούδια τα interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups κόσμου. κύκλια, to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Οι κωπηλάτες, αιώνιοι ταχυδρόμοι οι μικρομέγαλοι κύκλοι, and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the κτυπούν τα παραθύρια μας. residencies της ζωής η συνεχής έκρηξη.

1.of The term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born in sense safety atcomes the distributed outside town centres, for Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Χαίρε των πλοίων ηGeneva, ίσαλος Χαίρε τωνshe υδάτων το τρίμορφο. lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private car access markets, etc.where studies and research Prague, London and Neweasier York came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 sheto became teacher in the γραμμή, Χαίρε του υδάτινο to another approach, the isκόσμου due aτοsystematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying άνθος. her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate,καπνός, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of partτο of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Χαίρε ο ζωοφόρος Χαίρε της ζωής μυστήριο.

G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

103 2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

Στο βιβλίο υπάρχει και δεύτερηof συλλογή με τίτλο: «Το Παιχνίδι».

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types Intervention, Ο άνθρωπος, αιώνιος παίκτης προσπαθεί να παίξει το παιχνίδι Definition, Types ofίδιοintervention, Concerns of Gentrification του με αντίπαλο πάντα τον χρόνο και τον του τον εαυτό. Γνωρίζει τα πάντα ο χρόνος κερδίζει, και παρ΄όλα αυτά συνεχίζει Concerns να παίζει και τούτο είναι το μεγαλείο και τραγωδία μας.

Το πρώτο ποίημα της συλλογής, λιτό, κινείται σίγουρα στον

By Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS Ιαμβικό δεκαπεντασύλλαβο, προετοιμάζοντάς μαςC.για την πορεία των Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, ποιημάτων που ακολουθούν.

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Αυτό που αξίζει είναι να ζούμε κάθε στιγμή και να αφήνουμε Student of the School of Architecture κάτι σ΄αυτούς που έρχονται.

Technical University of Crete

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ΑΕΡΑΣ ΕΙΝΑΙ Η ΖΩΗ ΓΑΛΑΖΙΕ ΑΝΕΜΕ ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. Αέρας είναιofη knowledge ζωή Γαλάζιε άνεμε acquisition starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term κλείνε τηνtherefore, μες στιςurban χούφτες ζωής αέρα 1 (and Based, on this “principle” is in a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) indicated area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 φέρε στο νου τα πρωινά gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various που άπνοα περάσαν, με το χορό σου Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and placement of artists, δώσε πνοή σ’ofό,τι έρχεται πάμε πιο the πέρα. the operation art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof μπροστά other κυλά η ρόδα, whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land potential speculation). μάθε να relative ζεις κάθε στιγμή Τώρα που μπήκα στο prices χορό (and the potential relative speculation).

The in the in early 1960s and it refers to σαν ναterm ’ναι gentrification η τελευταία,is found at firstγια ταUK καλά χορεύω, The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor το πιο μεγάλο βρίσκεται κερνώντας κρασί the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy κόκκινο property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof στο πιο μικρό κρυμμένο. τον κόσμο ταξιδεύω.

London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Το μέγα μυστικό Κόκκινεin άνεμε A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS atτούτο the same while similar were in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major όποιος ανακαλύψει γρήγορε Ιππότη cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in’χει Western countries, by other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars δέντρα μεσ’ τον κήπο του, ο καλπασμός σου and for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from τον ήλιο στην αυλή του με κάνει πότη. comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: και στα πορτοπαράθυρα interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense,αηδόνια. theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend a new social groups γλυκόλαλα Τώραofπου μπήκα στοofχορό to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money τον κύκλο θα τον κάμω and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the πίνοντας το γλυκό-πικρό termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASSκρασί wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, for Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 sheκόσμο published anαπάνω. important study entitled: στον τον services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

104

2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, ΑΝΤΙΘΕΣΗ Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Τέντωσε τη σφενδόνα σου καρδιά Από την πορτούλα Concerns και σκόπευσε τον άπιαστο το στόχο, της ανατολής ΥΠΕΡΒΑΣΗ

τότε περνάς ολολαμπής τη λεωφόρο της Αμάλθειας.

κυλούσε στη μικρή αυλή μας,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS το πορτοκάλι το χαρούμενο Harvard University, το Graduate School of Design, Student, τόπι μου το κατακόκκινο.

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Τέντωσε τη σφενδόνα σου καρδιά Student of the School of Architecture και τόλμησε όπου άλλοι δεν Ανέβα ήλιε, Technical University of Crete

τολμούνε, Ανέβα ήλιε, 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept τότε περνάς όλο φωτιά το δείλι μίσευε 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, τη ANTISTHENIS, λεωφόρο της Αμάλθειας. από την κηπουλόπορτα ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the της δύσης!

among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term ρόδο!

1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated aΚατέβα first, if (in not final, approach, the term gentrification) the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated Κατέβα ρόδο! gentrification (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal (in various Ανέβα ήλιε!

Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement of artists, Κατέβα ρόδο! the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results Ανέβα also rising of land prices (and theof ήλιε… whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them,ΕΥΚΑΙΡΙΑ stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth έφτιαξαν χέρια σου A description ofperiod, thisΌ,τι phenomenon isτα included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar situations in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major καιby σμίλεψε η ψυχή σου cities in Western countries, other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue several scholars and for its more θαhas μείνει φίλε μου όρθιο Since then, the issue has preoccupied scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from στις όχθες του αέρα several below, comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, να το θαυμάζουν οι γενιέςthe following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups να σε καλοτυχίζουν. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the ΑνSociologist πέρασες περπατητής termat comes from Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first με studies.

In 1932 she published an important study entitled: μόνο φαγοπότι, services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for την ευκαιρία πέταξες lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the που είναι μόνο ΜΙΑ, to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying άλλη δεν θα ’χεις φίλε μου her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: ΠΟΤΕ!

G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

105 2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Ημέρα Φιλελληνισμού Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes ofκαι Gentrification Διεθνούς Αλληλεγγύης Concerns Της κυρίας Δημ. ΝΟΥΣΗ

By Mr.Δημοτ.

George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Διευθ. Περιουσ. Δήμου Αθηναίων, Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Νομικού, Συγγραφέως

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

Κυρίες και Κύριοι Το να βρεθεί κάποιος στη θέση μου σήμερα σημαίνει κάτι 1. Introductory approach:ΗDefining theαυτό concept τιμητικό και επικίνδυνο: τιμή είναι που αντιλαμβανόμαστε όλοι 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), the ancient philosopher, μαςANTISTHENIS, αυτήν τη στιγμή, καθώς Greek η ομιλήτρια καταφεύγει στις λέξεις για να ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among otherναwise heritage he he established a great the εκφράσει, μεταδώσει καιleft ναus, μοιραστεί με εσάς την ομορφιά, την among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the υπεροχή και δόξα που γνώρισε φιλελληνισμός. Το επικίνδυνο είναι acquisition of τη knowledge starts with thein definition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term να νομίσει κάποιος ότι μελετώντας, δουλεύοντας μπορεί να 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle”γράφοντας, inindicated a first, if (in not final, approach, the term gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 σταθεί στο ύψος τόσο μεγάλης ιδέας που έγινε πράξη και έφερε gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), asμιας the “refining” of a cityis area, the removal this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various καρπούς. Διότι καταρχάς, αυτό ακριβώς είναι ο φιλελληνισμός: ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andέφερε thethis placement there of μόνο artists, μια μεγάλη ιδέα, η οποία έγινε πράξη και καρπούς. Και the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever consequences has, resultsείναι also rising of land prices theof για αυτόνother το λόγο ο κάθε ομιλητής καταδικασμένος να(and μιλάει whatever other consequences has, θέματος results also land prices (and the potential relative speculation). νιώθοντας πάντα κατώτερος του στοrising οποίοofαναφέρεται. potential relative speculation).

TheΕπειδή, term gentrification found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to λοιπόν, οι is ερμηνείες είναι αδύναμες μπροστά σε αυτό που The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor συνέβη στην Ευρώπη του Φιλελληνισμού, αςbuy ταξιδέψουμεinγια λίγο στοof the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves thereproperty and thus oldpoor residents are παρελθόν, κι ας θυμηθούμε μερικές στιγμές του. Κατά τη βικτωριανή London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. εποχή Άγγλοι “squeezed”. κλήθηκαν να απαντήσουν ήτανRuth οι being indirectly A description ofμαθητές this phenomenon is included in the work ofποιες Sociologist A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth σπουδαιότερες μάχες της πανίσχυρης βρετανικής αυτοκρατορίας.

GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major GLASS atστις the same period, situations were recorded και in other major Ανάμεσα απαντήσεις των similar μαθητών περιλαμβάνονται οι νίκες cities in Western countries, bywhile other Researchers. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

1 Since then, the issueτων has Περσών. preoccupied severalδεκαετίες scholars and for οitsμέγας more Μερικές πριν των Ελλήνων κατά Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various ποιητής, αλλά και σφοδρός επικριτής του βρετανικού κατεστημένου, comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon gentrification, the following: Σέλλεϋ είχε πει: «Όλοι είμαστε of Έλληνες. Οι νόμοι μας, η φιλολογία μας, interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new of social groups η θρησκεία μας, οι τέχνες μας, έχουν τις ρίζες τους στην Ελλάδα. Γιατί, to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money χωρίς την Ελλάδα η Ρώμη, η οδηγήτρα, η καταχτήτρα, δεν θα μπορούσε and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the να σκορπίσει κανένα φως κιresidencies εμείς θαGLASS, είμαστε ειδωλολάτρες καιfor άγριοι.

1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS was born in sense safety the distributed outside town centres, better Berlin, where sheτο made her firstτου studies.

In 1932 she published την an important study entitled: Η μορφή και πνεύμα ανθρώπου έφτασαν τελειότητά τους services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment.

2. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for στην Ελλάδα…» lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: η Ομιλία γενομένη την 23 Απριλίου 2017 επ΄ευκαιρία της Ημέρας Φιλελληνισμού G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

106

και Διεθνούς Αλληλεγγύης. Μητρόπολη Αθηνών, Οργανωτής: Περιφέρεια Αττικής.

2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

Αντίστοιχη ήταν και η αντίδραση του Σατωμπριάν όταν το 1826 πληροφορήθηκε την πτώση του Μεσολογγίου. Απευθυνόμενος στο φίλο του Ντυμάν, είπε: «Όσο για μένα, είμαι, θα μείνω πάντα και θα πεθάνω Έλληνας»3. Κι επειδή αναφέροντας και μόνο το Μεσολόγγι δεν είναι δυνατό να μην σκεφτούμε τον Μπάιρον και τo θρύλο που επέβαλε στην

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS ιστορία της Ελλάδας, ας ταξιδέψουμε και πάλι στο τότε και ας Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, ακούσουμε αυτό που Βίκτωρ Ουγκώ είπε μόλις πληροφορήθηκε το

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect θάνατό του:"Έδειξε ο Μπάιρον στην Student Ευρώπη ότι οι ποιητές της of the School of Architecture καινούργιας σχολής, μ' όλο που δεν λατρεύουν Technical τα είδωλα της αρχαίας University of Crete Ελλάδας, θαυμάζουν πάντοτε τους ήρωες της, κι' ότι κι αν 1. Introductoryτον approach: Defining concept εγκατέλειψαν Όλυμπο, δεν the έχασαν ούτε για μια στιγμή τις 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), 4.

ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, Θερμοπύλες" ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the Ο Μπάιρον της Ακρόπολης, της Αθηνάς, της 370 Τερέζας της among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. Αλβιόνας, της Ευρώπης, τηςwith ποίησης, της σκέψης, της χίμαιρας, της acquisition of knowledge starts theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term θυσίας, είναι το σύμβολο και η πληρέστερη του φιλελληνικού 1 (and Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first,έκφραση if (in notthe final, approach, the term urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 κινήματος, διότι απλά είναι ο Μπάιρον της μιας αξεπέραστης καιvarious πολύ gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in επικίνδυνης στάσης ζωής: είναι ο Μπάιρον της επανάστασης. Σήμερα Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), ofόλων social groups, usually ofτιμούμε, low-income and thethis placement of artists, μεταξύ αυτών που γιορτάζουμε την there πιο γνήσια the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also of land prices (and theof επαναστατική σκέψη και πράξη, τη ζωή καιrising το θάνατο του Μπάιρον. whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices– (and the potential relative Είναι πολλοί οιspeculation). παιδευμένοι, οι ταλαντούχοι, οι διανοούμενοι φάροι potential relative speculation). term gentrification is foundοιatστρατηγοί, first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to τουThe πολιτισμού, οι πολιτικοί, αλλά είναι ελάχιστοι αυτοί The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor που τα έχουν όλα trend αυτά ταυτόχρονα και τελικώς νικούν in στην ιστορία, the then observed wealthy sometimes people to there buy property poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof ακόμη και τη στιγμή που ταυτίζονται με τους από London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes thereχαμένους. and thus oldΈνας residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. αυτούς τους λίγους είναι ο Μπάιρον ο οποίος απέδειξε πόσο ρεαλιστής being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth υπήρξε, οι άλλοι το έβλεπαν, και πόσο καλά γνώριζε το νόημα A description ofperiod, this δεν phenomenon is situations included inwere the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS atόταν the same while similar recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major της in ιστορικής νίκης, by όταν άλλοι έβλεπαν τη συντριβή της cities Western countries, other οι Researchers. cities in Western bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and όλα for its more επανάστασης. Οcountries, Μπάιρον, με την επιλογή του τα χάσει του τα Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various χρήματα και να βρεθεί από την ασφάλεια της πανίσχυρης Αγγλίας στα comprehensivethe approach are being summarized from the various interpretations phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: άγρια βράχιαofτου τόπου μας μαζί με τους Σουλιώτες, απέδειξε ότι η interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new socialΚαι groups χίμαιρα δε βρίσκεται μακριά μας και ότι μόνο άπιαστη δενofείναι. να to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money που σήμερα τιμούμε και αποτιμούμε τα πεπραγμένα των παράτολμων, and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the οι οποίοι με atόπλο τα όνειρα και τηνGLASS, παιδεία τους επιβλήθηκαν στην 1.of The term comes from Sociologist Ruth 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. αν In 1932 sheδεν published an important study entitled: ιστορία ως νικητές. Μα αλήθεια, αυτό είναι επανάσταση, τότε τι services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for είναι; lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 sheto became teacher in the Μαsheοpublished Φιλελληνισμός δε σταματά στη δημιουργία ελληνικού to another approach, the is due aτου systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying κράτους, στην ονοματοδοσία, δρόμων και πλατειών ή σε μερικές her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, for theCodepreciation initially ofοpart of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: παραγράφους σταetc., σχολικά βιβλία. Το2009.

1959 πρώτος υπουργός Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aπολιτισμού variety of ways, in orderΑντρέ to achieve the μια “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually της Γαλλίας Μαλρώ, προσωπικότητα ταυτισμένη 107 2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

108

με την πνευματική αναζήτηση και την αντίσταση, επισκέφτηκε την Ακρόποληκαι είπε:Ο λαός «που αγαπάει τη ζωή ακόμα κι όταν γίνεται οδύνη», είναι ταυτόχρονα εκείνος που έψαλλε στην Αγιά Σοφιά κι εκείνος που άκουγε με δέος την κραυγή του Οιδίποδα στους πρόποδες αυτού του λόφου, κραυγή που επρόκειτο να διασχίσει τους αιώνες. Λαός της ελευθερίας, είναι εκείνος για τον οποίο η αντίσταση είναι Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS παράδοση αιώνων, εκείνος του By οποίου η νεότερη ιστορία είναι ένας Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, ανεξάντλητος αγώνας για την Ανεξαρτησία — ο μόνος λαός που

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect γιορτάζει την επέτειο του ΟΧΙ. Αυτό το Student χθεσινόofΟΧΙ ήταν το ΟΧΙ του the School of Architecture Μεσολογγίου, το ΟΧΙ του Σολωμού. Σε μας είναιTechnical το ΟΧΙ του στρατηγού University of Crete Ντε Γκωλ, και το δικό μας. Ο κόσμος δεν ξέχασε, ούτε ξεχνά ότι το 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept πρώτο ΟΧΙ ήταν αυτό της Αντιγόνης και του Προμηθέα.Ο Κόσμος 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, theότι ancient πάντα θα θυμάται ότανGreek και philosopher, το τελευταίο θύμα της ελληνικής ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a the Αντίστασης έγειρε στο χώμα για να περάσει τηνgreat πρώτη του νύχτα, among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. κοιμήθηκε στη γη που starts γέννησε υψηλή, την πανάρχαια άρνηση, acquisition of knowledge withτν theπιο the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term αυτήν πουtherefore, πρόβαλε ο this ελεύθερος άνθρωπος, κάτω ακριβώς από the αυτόν 1 (and urban Based, on “principle” inindicated a first, if notthe final, approach, term gentrification) is (in area of Planning) (or gentrification 5.

1 τον έναστρο ουρανό που ξαγρύπνησε τους νεκρούς της Σαλαμίνας» gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various Την ίδια περίοδο, ένα παρόμοιο γεγονός, μέσα από ένα εντελώς Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement ofΕλένη artists, διαφορετικό αναφέρεται σεetc. ένα διάλογο ανάμεσα στην the operation ofπρίσμα, art galleries, restaurants, However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also πασίγνωστο rising of land prices (and theof ΓλύκατζηΑρβελέρ και τον Αντρέ Μπρετόν, υπερρεαλιστή whatever otherspeculation). consequences results also rising ofτον landρώτησε prices (and the potential relative και συγγραφέα. Όταν, λοιπόν,has, η ελληνίδα ιστορικός «γιατί potential relative speculation). term gentrification is found at first the UK in early and it εκείνος refers to δε The συνοδεύσατε τη γυναίκα σας στοinταξίδι σας στην1960s Ελλάδα» The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor τη «Εσείς,trend πήγατεwealthy στη Γερμανία περίοδο τηςinΚατοχής; Το theρώτησε: then observed people την to there buy property poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof ευρωπαϊκό πνεύμα βρίσκεται υπό sometimes την ελληνική εδώresidents και δυο London, upgrade them, stay themselves thereκατοχή and thus old are being indirectly “squeezed”. χιλιάδες πεντακόσια χρόνια. Είναι πια καιρός να ελευθερωθούμε». Και being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth η Ελένη σημειώνει: «η διακαής αυτή επιθυμία του A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS atΓλύκατζηΑρβελέρ the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Μπρετόν να ελευθερωθεί απόResearchers. την Ελλάδα και το πνεύματης, τον cities in Western countries, by other cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

Since then, issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more εμπόδισε να the καταλάβει ότι ζητώντας αυτό το αδύνατο, ενεργούσε Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more 6 comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various τις ακόμη μια φορά σαν Έλληνας» . Κι εγώ, διαβάζοντας ξανά και ξανά comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations theάλλη phenomenon of gentrification, theτην following: σελίδες έφεραofγια μια φορά στη μνήμη μου άλλη μορφή αυτής interpretations the phenomenon of thecategory following: a sense, theof phenomenon is due togentrification, a trend of περιέγραψε a new social groups τηνIn«πολιτισμικής ελληνικής κατοχής» που οof Γκαίτε: «Ό,τι to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money είναι ο νους και η καρδιά για τον άνθρωπο, είναι και η Ελλάδα για την and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the οικουμένη».

1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin,Κυρίες where she made her first studies.

In 1932 she published an important study entitled: και κύριοι, εάν ζούσαμε σε έναν πολιτισμό όπου το services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for μεγαλείο λαού θα ήταν ηLondon παιδεία και η she παραγωγή η lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private easier access markets, etc.where studies and ενός research in Geneva, Prague, and car New York came to back toσκέψης, London, in According 1943 sheμέρα published studies city planning.

1950 sheto became teacher μας in the σημερινή θα ήταν ηregarding εθνικήthe μας γιορτή.InΟι του κόσμου to another approach, phenomenon isαξίες due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying θέλουν ως δύναμη που τροφοδοτεί το λαϊκό φρόνιμα τις νίκες σε her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: πολέμους, και τα κατορθώματα στα πεδία των μαχών, για μια ελεύθερη Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aπατρίδα. variety of ways, in order to achieve theαίμα, “assisted”, (actually Όλοι οι λαοί έχουν καταθέσει έχουν“voluntary”, κερδίσει πολέμους

2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ofθυμίζει Gentrification και έχουν μιαConcerns εθνική γιορτήTypes να τέτοιους αγώνες. Επίσης, όλα τα επαναστατικά κινήματα και κατατρεγμένοι λαοί κατά καιρούς Concerns συγκινούν τη διεθνή κοινή γνώμη και μέσα από αυτήν τη συγκίνηση

προκαλείται ρεύμα διεθνούς αλληλεγγύης. Ωστόσο, το μεγαλείο Mr., George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS φιλελληνικού κινήματος του είναιByότι γεννήθηκε C. από την πίστη και το Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, σεβασμό σε έναν ολόκληρο πολιτισμό, σε μια προηγμένη σκέψη που

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect γεννήθηκε μέσα στα βάθη των αιώνων. Δεν ήταν μόνο ένας Student of the School of Architecture Κολοκοτρώνης που τράβηξε τους φιλέλληνες στον University αγώνα, ofήταν Technical Crete πρώτος από όλους ο Αισχύλος. Δεν ήταν μόνο ο Σουλτάνος και η 1. Introductory Defining the concept εξουσία του πουapproach: ώθησε τους φιλέλληνες να πολεμήσουν ενάντιά του, 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient philosopher, αλλά ήταν πάνω από όλα η Greek ανάγκη να δοθεί μάχη υπέρ του Περικλή, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wiseτου heritage he left he established a great the του ANTISTHENIS, Αριστοτέλη, Πλάτωνα. Οιus,φιλέλληνες δεν(444 πείστηκαν από το λαό among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. που ζούσεofτότε σκλαβωμένος σεdefinition αυτήν τηthe γωνιά της Ευρώπης, acquisition knowledge starts with the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if of not final, approach, the term πείστηκαν την ίδια την παιδεία τους. Και αν όλοι οιtheλαοί 1 από Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, term (and urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 κερδίζουν συμπάθειες για τα δίκια τους, ελάχιστοι είναι που gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of αυτοί Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various κατέχουν μέγιστη εκτίμηση για τον πολιτισμό που φτιάχτηκε από τη Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of τους. artists, γλώσσα, τηofσκέψη, την τέχνη καιetc.τηHowever δράση των προγόνων the operation art galleries, restaurants, “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever otherσε consequences results rising of land (and theof Πραγματικά, έναν άλλο has, κόσμο μια also τέτοια μέρα θα prices ήταν μέγιστη whatever otherspeculation). consequences also of land (and the potential relative γιορτή επικράτησης ενός λαούhas, πουresults σέβεται τοrising ιστορικό τουprices φορτίο. potential relative speculation).

TheΌμως term gentrification is found at first in theάλλο UK inκόσμο. early 1960s and it refersότι to η ιστορική στιγμή μας έταξε Γνωρίζοντας The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor πορευτήκαμε στους αιώνες με μιαpeople γλώσσα αθάνατη, δηλαδή με μιαof the then observed trend wealthy to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents are σκέψη αθάνατη, βρισκόμαστε στο sometimes σήμερα, έχοντας μας την London, upgrade them, stay themselves there andμπροστά thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. έκφραση της ευρωπαϊκής πολιτικής ρητορικής που διακρίνει τους being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth λαούς σε αρεστούς απορριπτέους καλούς κακούς. Ξαφνικά A description ofperiod, thisκαι phenomenon is situations included inwere theκαι work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major υπάρχουν χρήσιμοι και by άχρηστοι ευρωπαίοι, χρήσιμοι και απορριπτέοι cities in Western countries, other Researchers. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

Since then, the issueκαι has preoccupied several scholars andΕυρώπη for its more πρόσφυγες, χρήσιμοι απορριπτέοι εργαζόμενοι, σε μια που Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various ενώθηκε, αλλά που καθόλου δε μοιάζει με τις Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες more της comprehensivethe approach are being summarized from the various interpretations phenomenon gentrification, thebelow, following: Ευρώπης πουofοραματίστηκε οofΒίκτωρ Ουγκώ το 1849, όταν, όπως interpretations the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, είπε, theof phenomenon is due a trend of a new of social groups 7. προφητικά «οι σφαίρες θα toαντικατασταθούν από τις ψήφους» to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Κι αν μπορούσε ο μεγάλος φιλέλληνας Ουγκώ να βρεθεί ανάμεσά μας, and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the θα έβλεπε ότιatcomes πράγματι οι σφαίρες από τις for ψήφους 1.of The term from Sociologist Ruthαντικαταστάθηκαν GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, search Berlin,και where she made her first studies.

In 1932 she published anσφαίρες important εκτέλεσης study entitled: αλλά ότι υπάρχουν ψήφοι που ισοδυναμούν με services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for λαών μέσα καιof, έξω από την Ευρώπη.Κι κι αν ήθελε οmarkets, Μπρετόν να lower living cost “withdrawal” from private car access etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London andόσο Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding city planning.

In 1950 sheto became the απαλλαγεί από την κυριαρχία της Ελλάδας, είναι καιteacher πάλιin η to another approach, the phenomenon is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying φιλελληνική σκέψη που καλείται να αναζωογονηθεί και δώσει το νέο her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: ιδεώδες του πολιτισμού, του ανθρωπισμού καιof της Διεθνούς Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aΑλληλεγγύης. variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 109 2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, Types of intervention, Concerns of Τελικά, ο φιλελληνισμός είτεGentrification ως κυρίαρχο σύστημα αξιών, είτε ως πρόσχημα των εξουσιών, αντέχει, ανανεώνεται, διαμορφώνει Concerns συμπεριφορές και συνειδήσεις. Το έκανε για πρώτη φορά πριν από

αιώνες ο Γρηγόριος ο Ναζιανζηνός όταναπευθυνόμενος στους

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS χριστιανούς είπε ότι το ελληνίζειν, αποτελεί χαρακτηριστικό όχι της Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, θρησκείας, αλλά της ελληνικής παιδείας, που, βεβαίως και Student, σε ένα

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect 8. Έτσι, η μεγάλος τμήμα αυτής υιοθετήθηκε απόStudent τους ofχριστιανούς the School of Architecture γλώσσα επέζησε, και μέσα από αυτήν την επιβίωση και την εξέλιξη της Technical University of Crete έκφρασης έρχεται αναπόφευκτα μια πολιτισμική ωριμότητα, αυτή της 1. Introductory approach: Defining theθαύμαζε concept ο Γκαίτε όταν είπε: «… τριβής και της εμπειρίας που τόσο 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient philosopher, μπορεί να περάσουν ακόμη Greek κάνα δυο αιώνες μέχρι οι συμπατριώτες ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the 9. BC, Athens), μας να λατρέψουν το κάλλος σαν τους αρχαίους (444 Έλληνες» among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. Αλλά of κιknowledge ο ίδιος οstarts Μπάιρον δεν ανέχτηκεtheτην καταστροφή του acquisition with the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term ναού του Παρθενώνα και ενοχοποιείisinγια αυτήν και την ίδια τη 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if (in notακόμη final, approach, the term gentrification) indicated the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 χώρα του: gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various

110

Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, Η ρήγισσα του πέλαγου, η ελεύθερη η Αγγλία, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences resultsνα also rising of land prices (and theof από τη ματωμένη τουςhas, πατρίδα ξεσπά whatever otherspeculation). consequences has,που results also rising of land prices (and the potential τ'relative απομεινάρια τα στερνά ανθίζαν στα μνημεία. potential relative speculation).

The term is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Ναι, gentrification διαφεντεύτρα ευγενική που ο κόσμος αγαπά, The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor με observed χέρι στρίγγλας ρήμαξες πουproperty και χρόνια the then trend wealthyσυντρίμμια, people to there buy in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof και τύραννοι σεβάστηκαν, μ' sometimes αγάπη ή ζηλοφθόνια.

London, upgrade them, stay themselves there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth είναι από πέτρα όποιος για σε δε νιώθει, A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the ωραία work ofΕλλάδα, Sociologist Ruth GLASSΩ! at the same while similar recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major ό,τι εραστής όπου μπρος του νεκρή ερωμένη, cities in Western countries, byθεωρεί other Researchers. cities inκιWestern countries, by other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied scholars and for its more αναίσθητη έχει την καρδιά πουseveral αβούρκωτη απομένει, Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from μετόπες, τείχη και βωμούς βλέποντας σκόνη, αράδα comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations phenomenon of gentrification, the following: να σουofταthe γδύνουν Βρετανοί, που θα 'πρεπε ταμένοι interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups 10. να στέκουν φυλακάτορες στα λείψανα τεμένη to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Με αυτήν τηνdistributed πολύτιμη διάσταση της 1912-1940. έννοιας του πολιτισμού μας,in The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, Ruth GLASS for wasbetter born sense1.of safety the residencies outside town centres, search Berlin, where she made her firstμυαλό studies. In 1932 she published an importantλαούς study entitled: και έχοντας πάντα στο μας τους δοκιμαζόμενους του services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for σήμερα, που χρειάζονται να νιώσουν των άλλων lower living costτόσο of, in “withdrawal” from private easier access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Newτην Yorkαλληλεγγύη she came to back to London, in According 1943εύχομαι she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

1950 sheto became teacher in the λαών, σε όλους χρόνια πολλά, πάνταInλεύτεροι και ποτέ ξανά to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying αιχμάλωτοι της ιστορίας… her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Σαςofευχαριστώ πολύ.

2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

ΠΑΡΑΠΟΜΠΕΣ

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. approach: the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC,Εκδ.

Athens), 1. Introductory Ελένη ΓλύκατζηΑρβελέρ, «Πολιτισμός και Ελληνισμός», ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage left96 us, he established(444 a great the Καστανιώτη, Αθήνα 2007,he σελ. among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts.

2. Ελένη ΓλύκατζηΑρβελέρ, «Πολιτισμός και Ελληνισμός», Εκδ. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on2007, this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Καστανιώτη, Αθήνα σελ. 189 και 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification https://kleonikikleio.wordpress.com/2013/03/24/%CE%B5%CE%B9 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various %CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B5Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement %CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B9ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless %CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%83/ whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever other consequences has, results also και rising of land prices (and the 3. Ελένη ΓλύκατζηΑρβελέρ, «Πολιτισμός Ελληνισμός», Εκδ. potential relative speculation). potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Καστανιώτη, Αθήνα 2007, σελ. 189 The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to property inτου poor 4. Λουκία, Δρούλια, «Βίκτωρ Ουγκώ, Οιbuy φιλελληνικές the then observed trend of wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves and thus old residents areof εκδηλώσεις», heliosLondon, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. eie.ekt.gr/EIE/bitstream/10442/774/1/M01.021.04.pdf, σελ.46 being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth 5. description Ελένη ΓλύκατζηΑρβελέρ, ο.π.is σελ 97 inwere A ofperiod, this phenomenon included the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar situations in other major 6. ΕλένηΓλύκατζηΑρβελέρ, ο.π. σελ.

199 GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

7. inVivianeReding,Speech Γιατί χρειαζόμαστε τώρα τις Ηνωμένες Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more Πολιτείες της Ευρώπης, comprehensive approachhttp://europa.eu/rapid/pressare being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the interpretations of the phenomenon ofΚέντρο gentrification, the following: release_SPEECH-12-796_el.htm, Ευρωπαϊκού Δικαίου του various interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon dueof togentrification, a 2012, trend ofσελ.4 a new of social groups πανεπιστημίου του Passau /isPassau, to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several 8. Ελένη ΓλύκατζηΑρβελέρ, ο.π. σελ.

81 reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the 9. JohannPeterEccermann, «Συνομιλίες με τον Γκαίτε», Τόμος termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Β΄Εκδ.

Printa, Αθήνα 2014, σελ.

269 Berlin, where sheΜεταφ. made herΔημήτρης first studies.Δημοκίδης, In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,movements (possibly)for Youth Unemployment.

The Γκόρντον same year she left Germany and after continuous 10. Λόρδος Τζορτζ Μπάιρον, «Το προσκύνημα του lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, ΤσάιλντΧάρολντ», in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and http://ebooks.edu.gr/modules/ebook/show.php/DSGYMlong-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of partΣτέφανος of the urban web, in C113/351/2363,8981/index03_05.html, Μετάφραση 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aΜύρτας variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

111 2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Κατερίνας ΠΡΟΔΡΟΜΟΥ: Definition, Types of intervention, Concerns of Gentrification The EU Law for civil and commercial matters Concerns Judicial cooperation in civil and commercial matters in the EU

Κριτικά σημειώματα

Masters work submitted at the Law department of Baltic International Academy, Riga, 167 pages.

By2017, Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate Schoolκαι of Design, Student, Το Δίκαιο της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης για αστικά εμπορικά By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect ζητήματα. Η δικαστική συνεργασία σε αστικά και εμπορικά Student of the School of Architecture ζητήματα εντός της ΕυρωπαϊκήςTechnical Ένωσης.

University of Crete

112

1. Introductory approach: Defining the Του κ.concept Κωνστ. ΓΕ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept ANTISTHENIS, the Καθηγητού ancient Greek philosopher, (444 - 370 BC, Athens), Σχολ. Νομικών καιBC Κοινωνικών Επιστ.

ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC,Πάφος, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the Πανεπιστημίου ΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ, among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. Καθηγητού Επισκ. Μετ. Προγρ. Σπ. Πανεπ. Αθηνών, acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term Ομοτ. ΠΑΝΤΕΙΟΥ Π.Κ.Π.Ε., 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated aΚαθηγητού first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) Ex Ch. L. U. L. Bruxelles, Ex. Int.this, I.I.A.P., Paris gentrification indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal from (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, Μεταπτυχιακή εργασία Τμήμα νομικής της ways), of social groups, usually of υποβληθείσα low-income and στο thethis placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless βαλτικής διεθνούς ακαδημίας, Ρίγα, 2017, σελίδες 167. whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever other consequences results also rising σε of land prices (and the Η εν λόγωspeculation). μεταπτυχιακήhas, εργασία αναφέρεται θέματα Ιδιωτικού potential relative potential relative speculation). ΔιεθνούςΔικαίου και συγκεκριμένα αναγνώρισης The term gentrification is found at firstστην in theδυνατότητα UK in early 1960s and it refersκαι to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK early 1960s and itareas refers the then observed trendαποφάσεων ofiswealthy to buy property in υποθέσεις, poor ofto εκτέλεσης δικαστικών σε αστικές καιin εμπορικές το the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves and thus residents areof εφαρμοστέο δίκαιο και η of δικαιοδοσία των δικαστηρίων σε old διασυνοριακές London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. διαφορές μεταξύΚρατών Μελών της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης αλλά και being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description Τρίτων Χωρών. of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at theλόγω same while similar in2017 other major Η εν μελέτη έχει παρουσιαστεί τον Ιανουάριο στην GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Ακαδημία Διεθνών Βαλτικών Χωρών (Baltic International Academy) στην cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more ΡίγαSince της Λετονίας, ενώπιον πενταμελούς Επιτροπής Καθηγητών. Κατά την then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from various υποστήριξη της επεξηγήθηκε το νομικό πλαίσιο και υπόβαθρο της μελέτης comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: και προβλήματα που παρουσιάζονται εφαρμογή των σχετικών interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: Inτα a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trendστην of a new of social groups Ευρωπαϊκών Κανονισμών,που θέτουν τις κατευθυντήριες γραμμές προς to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money επίλυση διασυνοριακών ζητημάτων. and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS for wasbetter born Εισαγωγικώς, στην εργασία καταγράφονται περιληπτικώς ταin sense1.of safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, search Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: σημεία τα οποία education, καλύπτονται αναλυτικά“at καιthe εκτενώς κάθε επι μέρους services of health, entertainment heart ofσεthe city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where Κεφάλαιο. studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding city planning.

In 1950 she became teacher in the to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and Στο Πρώτο Κεφάλαιο της εργασίας υπό τον τίτλο «Εισαγωγή» University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying αναφέρεται τοπλαίσιο ταforαντικείμενα Ιδιωτικού Διεθνούς her work are characterized by aκαι passion justice. See also:του COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., theCodepreciation initially of partνα of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Δικαίου,με αναφορά σε for ερωτήματα, τα οποία δύναται επιλύσει το εν Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aλόγω variety of ways, order to achieve the “assisted”, (actually Δίκαιο, ήτοιinυπό ποιες προϋποθέσεις δύναται“voluntary”, αλλοδαπή απόφαση

2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

να αναγνωριστεί και να εφαρμοστεί σε ένα Κράτος, ποίο Κράτος έχει δικαιοδοσία να εξετάσει υπόθεση με διασυνοριακό χαρακτήρα και ποιού Κράτους το Δίκαιο θα τύχει εφαρμογής σε τέτοια περίπτωση. Ακολούθως, γίνεται αναφορά στους σχετικούς Ευρωπαϊκούς Κανονισμούς και σε ποια Κράτη τυγχάνουναυτοί εφαρμόζονται. Στο Δεύτερο Κεφάλαιο της εργασίας υπό τον τίτλο «Κανονισμός Βρυξέλλες Ι» γίνεται σύγκριση μεταξύ άρθρωνC.του τροποποιημένου

By Mr.των George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS Κανονισμού με τον Harvard προγενέστερο τωνof Design, Βρυξελλών University,Κανονισμό Graduate School Student,Ι

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS (Κανονισμός Βρυξέλλες Ι 44/2001 περί την διεθνή δικαιοδοσία, την Architect Student the School Architecture αναγνώριση και την εκτέλεση αποφάσεων σε of αστικές καιofεμπορικές Technical University of Crete υποθέσεις) και στα προβλήματα, τα οποία παρουσιάστηκαν και οδήγησαν στην αναθεώρησηapproach: και τροποποίηση νομοθεσίας.

1. Introductory Defining της the concept Περαιτέρω, παρουσιάζεται μία εκτενής(444 περιγραφή του νέου 1. Introductory approach: the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, BC - 370 BC, Athens), νομοθετήματος Ι 1215/2012 και στις (444 αλλαγές πουBC, αυτό έχει ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 Athens), among other wiseΒρυξέλλες heritage he left us, he established a great the επιφέρει με σκοπό να επιλυθούν προβλήματα, τα οποία είχαν among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the παρουσιαστεί κατάon την εφαρμογή προγενέστερων Κανονισμών περί acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated aκαι first, if (in not final, approach, the term τηνδιεθνή δικαιοδοσία, την αναγνώριση την εκτέλεση αποφάσεων σε (and urban gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification αστικές και εμπορικές και στην νέων ρυθμίσεων.

Sociology as well), as the υποθέσειςαλλά “refining” of a city area, theεισαγωγή removal from this, (in various Sociology asαναλύονται well), as the “refining” of a city area, this, (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement of Έτσι, οι κανόνες,που σχετίζονται μεfrom τιςthere ρήτρες των ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of the operation of galleries, restaurants, Howeverποίο this “change”, regardless of συμβάσεων, οιart οποίες απαντούν στοetc. ερώτημα Δικαστήριο θαartists, έχει the operation ofconsequences art galleries,την restaurants, etc.

However regardless whatever other has, results also rising of “change”, land prices (and δικαιοδοσία να εκδικάσει εν λόγω σύμβαση ήthis το αντικείμενό της the σεof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative περίπτωση διαφωνίας των μερών ή παράβασης της συμβάσεως. potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at firstνέου in theάρθρου UK in early andπροβλέπει it refers to Επεξηγείται π.χ. η εισαγωγή του το 1960s οποίο The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor ρυθμίσεις σε περίπτωση κατά τη οποία ο Εναγόμενος δεν είναι κάτοικος the then observed trend wealthy people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof Κράτους Μέλους them, της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης. Στοthere συγκεκριμένο της London, upgrade stay themselves sometimes and thus oldσημείο residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. εργασίας γίνεται αναφορά σε κανόνες του κοινοτικού δικαίου being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth προερχομένους από ταphenomenon Αγγλικά δικαστήρια καταστεί πιο A description ofperiod, this is situations includedέτσι, inwere theώστε work να of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar recorded in other major κατανοητικό το νέο άρθρο. Επίσης, εξετάζονται οι περιπτώσεις όπου ο GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Εναγόμενος είναι ο εργοδότης και ο εργοδοτούμενος εργάζεται σε Κράτος Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more Since the issueΈνωσης, has severalκατευθύνει scholars and for its more Μέλος τηςthen, Ευρωπαϊκής ή όπου έμπορας τιςthe εμπορικές comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from various comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various ή επαγγελματικές δραστηριότητας σε Κράτος Μέλος. Περαιτέρω, interpretations of the του phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof toόπου a trend of a new of social groups γίνεται αναφορά στιςphenomenon περιπτώσεις υφίσταταιεκκρεμοδικίασε δύο ή to “return” to theΚράτη city, leaving the purlieus reasons: highοι costsδιάφορες in money περισσότερα έτσι, ώστε for να several αποφεύγονται and time to travelαγωγών from theσε purlieus to downtown, where is, lack of για the καταχωρήσεις Δικαστήριο, το οποίο δενwork έχει place αρμοδιότητα 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, να κερδίζεται χρόνος, περιττές καθυστερήσεις και έξοδα έως ότουένα από Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services ofΔικαστήρια health, education, entertainment “at θέματος the heart of the city”,movements (possibly) αυτά ναsame αποφανθεί επίGermany του δικαιοδοσίας καιfor Youthτα Unemployment.

The year she left and afterτης continuous lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research Prague, London New York she came to London, αρμοδιότητάς τουin Geneva, προς εκδίκαση τηςand υποθέσεως, που back παρουσιάστηκε in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and ενώπιον του. ofΕπίσης, διευκρινίζεται το πεδίο του University informal College London, where she continued her social research.εφαρμογής Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion justice. See also:διαιτησίας,επεξηγείται COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. αναφερθέντος Κανονισμού σε for περιπτώσεις το and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: ουσιώδες κριτήριο της κατοικίας (domicile) ως τρόπου εύρεσης του G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

113 2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

114

αρμόδιου Δικαστηρίου σε σχέση με την δικαιοδοσία του να επιληφθεί μιας υπόθεσης ή ενός ζητήματος. Ακολούθως, γίνεται αναφορά στις ειδικές περιπτώσεις οι οποίες εμπίπτουν σε μια ιδιαίτερη κατηγορία, όπως ο τόπος του ακινήτου στις υποθέσεις στις οποίες αντικείμενο είναι ακριβώς η ακίνητη ιδιοκτησία ή περιουσία. Στην συνέχεια, επεξηγείται οBy κανόνας ο οποίοςC.παρέχει αρμοδιότητα Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS εις όφελος Δικαστηρίων Κρατών, που δεν είναι School Μέλη of της Ευρωπαϊκής Harvard University, Graduate Design, Student, Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Ένωσης και οι περιπτώσεις στιςBy οποίες δύναται να ισχύσει ο εν λόγω Architect School of Architecture Κανονισμός, αλλά και τα κριτήρια, τα οποίαStudent πρέπειofναthe ικανοποιηθούν.

Technical University of των Crete Περαιτέρω, πραγματοποιείται μία εκτενείς παρουσίαση κανόνων, που ισχύουν διασυνοριακή 1. Introductory approach:στην Defining the concept εκτέλεση διαδικαστικής διαδικασίας και διαιτησίας και καταγράφονται επί του 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 νομολογίες ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, BC - 370 BC, Athens), θέματος σε σχετικό Παράρτημα. Άξιο προσοχής είναι γεγονός, ότιAthens), σε μία ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, among other wise heritage he left us, he established a το great the Κοινότητα ως η Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση οι διασυνοριακές διαφορές among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts.είναι συχνές. τον λόγο η Συγγραφέας αναπτύσσει το approach, ουσιώδες ζήτημα acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based,Για therefore, onαυτό this “principle” a first, if of not final, the term 1 (and therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the της term της Based, εκτέλεσης τωνurban δικαστικών αποφάσεων ανάμεσα στα Κράτη Μέλη gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Ευρωπαϊκής Ενώσεως μέσα απόofτα σχετικά άρθρα τουfrom Κανονισμού των Sociology as well), as the “refining” a city area, the removal this, (in various Sociology asΙ.well), as the “refining” of a city area, removal fromthere this, (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually ofδιαδικασίες low-income andthe placement of Βρυξελλών Επεξηγούνταιοι και οthe τρόπος εναρξής τους προς ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operationαναγνώρισης of art galleries, restaurants, However this “change”, regardless of επίτευξη δικαστικήςetc.απόφασης προερχόμενης από the operation ofconsequences artΚράτους galleries, restaurants, etc.also However regardless whatever other has, results risingthis of “change”, land prices (and theof Δικαστήριο άλλου Μέλους. whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential Η relative Συγγραφέας αναφέρεται περαιτέρω στο δίκαιο που θα potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first inσεtheπερίπτωση, UK in early 1960s and it refers to χρησιμοποιηθεί ως συμπληρωματικό που εντοπισθεί ή The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor υπάρξει κενό στο Κοινοτικό Δίκαιο σε σχέση με την δικαστική διαδικασία. the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof Παρουσιάζονται περαιτέρω περιπτώσεις, δύναται London, upgrade them, stay themselvesοι sometimes there andόπου thus old residentsνα are being indirectly “squeezed”. αναβληθεί η διαδικασία εκτέλεσης των ειρημένων δικαστικών being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth αποφάσεων, καθώς, και isτα κριτήρια οποία να A description ofperiod, this επίσης, phenomenon included inwere theτα work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar situations recorded in πρέπει other major συντρέχουν για να δοθεί τέτοια αναβολή.

GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Στο τέλος του has Δεύτερου Κεφαλαίου γίνεται and αναφορά στα Since then, the issue several scholars for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more ασθενέστερα μέρη μίας σύμβασης στην εισαγωγή του νέου comprehensive approach are beingκαι summarized below, from theσχετικού various comprehensive approach are την being summarized below, from the άρθρου, το of οποίο εισάγει υποχρέωση περίvarious του interpretations the phenomenon of gentrification, theενημέρωσης following: interpretations of the thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend a new social groups δικαιώματός τους ναphenomenon αμφισβητήσουν την of δικαιοδοσία τουofδικαστηρίου, to “return” the city, leaving the purlieusσε for αυτή severalκαι reasons: in money έστω και toεάν έχουν συμφωνήσει περίhigh τωνcosts συνεπειών and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is,χωρίς lack of the παράλειψης εμφάνισης ενώπιον αναρμόδιου Δικαστηρίου να 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, αμφισβητήσουν την δικαιοδοσία του.

Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of Τρίτο health,Κεφάλαιο education, entertainment “at τον the heart of the city”,movements (possibly) της εργασίας υπό «Κανονισμοί Ρώμη for Ι YouthΣτο Unemployment.

The same year she left Germany andτίτλο after continuous lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies research in Geneva,οι Prague, London and New York she came backΙΙ to London, και ΙΙ»and αναπτύσσονται κανονισμοί Ρώμη Ι και Ρώμη οι οποίοι in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and εφαρμόζονται συμβατικές καιcontinued εξωσυμβατικές ενοχές. Her public action and University informal Collegeστις of London, where she her social research. long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a σε passion for justice.

See also: COLLINS ENGLISH Γίνεται αναφορά ποίες περιπτώσεις μπορούν ναDICTIONARY. τύχουν and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: περαιτέρω εφαρμογής και στην αυτονομία της εκτελεστικής τους φύσεως.

G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Τονίζεται η περίπτωση όπου δεν υφίσταται έγκυρη ρήτρα επιλογής

2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

εφαρμοστέου δικαίου στις συμβάσεις και ακολούθως επεξηγείται ο τρόπος επίλυσης τέτοιου ζητήματος. Στην συνέχεια η Συγγραφέας αναφέρεται σε ποίες χώρες τυγχάνουν εφαρμογής οι Κανονισμοί της Ρώμης. Ακολούθως, αναπτύσσεται εκτενώς ο Κανονισμός Ρώμη Ι σχετικά με το εφαρμοστέο δίκαιο στις συμβατικές ενοχές. Γίνεται αρχικά μία γενική αναφορά στην εισαγωγή του ενByλόγω Κανονισμού στον κόσμο του Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Ιδιωτικού Διεθνούς Δικαίου καιUniversity, επεξηγείται η σημασία σχετικότητας Harvard Graduate Schoolτης of Design, Student,

By Mr. των George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS του με τον προαναφερόμενο Κανονισμό Βρυξελλών Ι.

Architect of the School Architecture Διευκρινίζεται και επεξηγείται σε Student ποίο σημείο μίας of συμβατικής Technical University of Crete σχέσης παύει να ισχύ ο Κανονισμός Ρώμη ΙΙ και τότε θα ισχύει ο Κανονισμός Ρώμη Ι και επεξηγείται σε ποίες συμβάσεις τυγχάνει 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept εφαρμογής λαμβάνοντας υπόψη τοthe χρονικό στο οποίο είχαν 1. Introductory approach: conceptπλαίσιο ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ολοκληρωθεί.

ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the Στην συνέχεια γίνεται λόγος για τον διεθνή χαρακτήρα among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. του αναφερθέντος Κανονισμού και γιαindefinition τις θετικές του επιπτώσεις που acquisition of knowledge starts with the the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term συνεπάγεται. gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Παρουσιάζεται πεδίο εφαρμογής του Sociology as well), as theτο “refining” of a city area, theπαραπέμποντας removal from this,σε (inσχετική various Sociology asηwell), as the “refining” of σε a city area, removal fromτης this,εργασίας. (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe the placement there of νομοθεσία οποία καταχωρείται σχετικό Παράρτημα ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, etc.δίκαιο However thisσυμβατικές “change”, regardless of Ακολούθως, αναλύεται τοrestaurants, εφαρμοστέο στις ενοχές με the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof έμφαση στην αυτονομία των μερών. whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative Τονίζεται και σχολιάζεται η ιδιαιτερότητα εξεύρεσης της επιθυμίας potential relative speculation).

Theμερών term gentrification is found at first in the UK in earlyθα 1960s and itεπί refers to των ως προς το εφαρμοστέο δίκαιο,που ισχύει της The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor συμβάσεώς τους μέσω της συμπεριφοράς μερών. Δίνεται αναλυτική the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people των to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof έμφαση σε αυτό them, τον κανόνα και στην σημασίαthere της and τήρησης της εν λόγω London, upgrade stay themselves sometimes thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. επιλογής των μερών. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth τα στοιχεία, τα οποία πρέπει ναSociologist λαμβάνονται A Ακόμη, description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the work of Ruth GLASS at the σημειώνονται same while similar recorded in other major υπόψη σε τέτοιες περιπτώσεις από το Δικαστήριο το οποίο έχει ενωπιόν GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in διαφορά.

Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. του την Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several scholars andthe for its more Επισημαίνεται εκτενώς η σημασία της ελευθερίας των μερών να comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from various comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various αποφασίζουν of ωςthe προς το ποίο δίκαιο επιθυμούν εφαρμόζεται επί της interpretations phenomenon of gentrification, theναfollowing: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense,τους, theof phenomenon dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social συμβάσεώς αλλά και σεisπερίπτωση παράβασης των όρων της. groups to “return” the city, leaving the purlieus for severalπου reasons: high costs in money Στηνtoσυνέχεια, παρατίθενται οι κανόνες τυγχάνουν εφαρμογής and time to travelπου from theέχει purlieus to downtown, where work placeαπό is, lack the σε περίπτωση δεν επιλεχθεί το εφαρμοστέο δίκαιο τα of μέρη 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, μιας σύμβασης. Επισημειώνονται οι ειδικές περιπτώσεις συμβάσεων, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “atκ.α the heart the city”,movements (possibly)for όπως αγαθών, παροχή υπηρεσιών και η of επίλυση Youth πώληση Unemployment.

The same year she left Germany and after continuousζητημάτων, lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studiesπαρουσιάζονται and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, που όταν δεν έχει επιλεχθεί προηγουμένως το in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and εφαρμοστέο δίκαιο. Γίνεται παραπομπή σεsocial σχετική νομολογία, όπου University informal College of London, where she continued her research.

Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying her work are characterized a passion justice. See προς also: COLLINS ENGLISH έτυχαν εφαρμογής οιby εν λόγωforκανόνες επίλυση του DICTIONARY. σχετικού and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: ζητήματος.

G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

115 2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

116

Ακολούθως, επισημαίνεται η περίπτωση όπου αντισυμβαλλόμενος εμπίπτει στην κατηγορία ασθενέστερου μέρους. Γίνεται αναφορά στις περιπτώσεις εκείνες, οι οποίες μπορούν να θεωρηθούν τέτοιες έτσι, ώστε να εμπίπτουν στην κατηγορία αυτή. Η Συγγραφέας επεξηγεί ξεχωριστά και εκτενώς τα κριτήρια και τα δικαιώματα,που έχουν τα ασθενέστερα μέρη, αναλόγως της κατηγορίας στην οποία δυνατόν να εμπίπτουν. Αναλύονται οι ρυθμίσεις περί By προστασίας τωνC. ATHANASOPOULOS μερών αυτών και Mr. George-Sp. επισημαίνεται η σημασίαHarvard της. University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Περαιτέρω, επεξηγείται η υποχρεωτική εφαρμογή του δικαίου της Architect Studentδιαφοράς. of the School of Architecture Χώρας όπου υφίσταται το ακίνητο της επίδικης Σημειώνονται, Technical University of Crete ωστόσο, οι εξαιρέσεις τέτοιας υποχρέωσης. Η Συγγραφέας επεξηγεί την ανάγκη εξεύρεσης του εφαρμοστέου δικαίου στις περιπτώσεις, όπου δεν 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept γίνεται προηγουμένως αναφορά και που δεν εμπίπτουν στις 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, προαναφερόμενες κατηγορίες έτσι, ώστε να καλυφθεί όλο-“principle”: το εύρος καιthe η ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great δυνατότητα της εφαρμογής δικαίου ενός Κράτους σε ένα άλλο Κράτος. among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the Αναλύεται στην συνέχεια μηχανισμός ενδεχόμενης acquisition of knowledge starts withοthe the content of «διαφυγής» concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a από first, if not final, approach, the term απόBased, το επιλεχθέν εφαρμοστέο δίκαιο τα(in μέρη, πότε μπορεί να gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification ενεργοποιηθεί τέτοια διαδικασία λαμβάνοντας παράλληλα υπόψη τις Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), the “refining” of area, fromthere this, (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement of προϋποθέσεις, οι as οποίες πρέπει ναa city πληρούνται. Επεξηγείται η σημασία ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art μηχανισμού galleries, restaurants, However thisτα “change”, of ύπαρξης τέτοιου και τα etc. αποτελέσματα οποία regardless δύναται να the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever επιφέρει. other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative Ακολουθεί μια συνοπτική επισκόπηση στο ζήτημα του εφαρμοστέου potential relative speculation).

The term foundυφίστανται at first in theτρίτα UK inμέρη earlyσε 1960s it refers to δικαίου στιςgentrification περιπτώσειςisόπου μια and σύμβαση.

The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor Ακολουθεί αναφορά στον Κανονισμό Ρώμη ΙΙ. in Συγκεκριμένα, the then observed trend wealthy people to there buy property poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof αναλύονται εκτενώς οι themselves περιπτώσεις στις οποίες να τύχει London, upgrade them, stay sometimes there andδύναται thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. εφαρμογής και η συσχέτισή του με τον Κανονισμό Βρυξέλλες Ι, ο οποίος being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth μελετάται στο αρχικό Κεφάλαιο της συγκεκριμένης εργασίας. Δίνεται A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major έμφαση στον διεθνή χαρακτήρα, που προσδιορίζει τον Κανονισμό αυτό GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other και επεξηγείται η issue διασύνδεση τουResearchers. Κανονισμού περισσότερα ένα Since then, the has several με scholars and for από its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more νομικά συστήματα. Διευκρινίζεται ο τρόποςbelow, ενεργοποίησης της comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various εφαρμογής του συγκεκριμένου Κανονισμού καιthe οι below, περιπτώσεις, όπου τα interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, following: interpretations of the phenomenon gentrification, the following: In aσε sense, phenomenon is dueof toεπιλέξουν a trend of aως new category of social groups μέρη μια the εξωσυμβατική ενοχή εφαρμοστέο δίκαιο της to “return” τους, to the άλλο city, leaving theΚράτους purlieus for high costs in money διαφοράς από του στοseveral οποίοreasons: βρίσκονται ή με το οποίο and time to travelΤονίζονται from the purlieus to downtown, where work place lack of the συσχετίζονται. ακολούθως οι περιπτώσεις όπου θαis,πρέπει να 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, τύχουν προστασίας συγκεκριμένες κατηγορίες συμβαλλόμενων μερών και Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,movements (possibly) τότε οιof health, σχετικές διατάξεις του Κανονισμού θεωρηθούν ωςfor Youth Unemployment.

The same year she left Germany and afterθα continuous lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and Newκαι York ο sheσκοπός came backτου to London, where υποχρεωτικής μορφής. Επεξηγείται επίσης, εν etc. λόγω in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and κανόνα και σε τιofαποσκοπεί.

University College London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: DICTIONARY. Αναφέρονταιακολούθως συνοπτικά οι COLLINS γενικέςENGLISH πρόνοιες του and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Κανονισμού. Η Συγγραφέας επεξηγεί ακολούθως το εφαρμοστέο δίκαιο G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually στις εξωσυμβατικές ενοχές και πότε συγκεκριμένα τυγχάνει εφαρμογής ο

2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

Κανονισμός. Επισημαίνεται εκτενώς η περίπτωση όπου τα μέρη μιας διαφοράς έχουν κοινό τόπο διαμονής. Στην επισήμανση συμπεριλαμβάνονται και οι περιπτώσεις όπου υφίσταται ανεξάρτητη επιχείρηση ή επαγγελματική δραστηριότητα ενός εκ των μερών. Επεξηγείται ακόμη η σχετικότητα του τόπου όπου έχει επέλθει η ζημία εκ της εξωσυμβατικής σχέσης. Αναλύονται τα κριτήρια που πρέπει να λαμβάνονται υπόψη καθώς και By ταMr. ζητήματα, στα οποία στοχεύει να George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS επιλύει ο αναφερόμενοςHarvard Κανονισμός.

University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Ακολούθως, παρουσιάζεται By λεπτομερώς ο μηχανισμός διαφυγής εκ Architect Student of the School of Architecture του κυρίως κανόνα, ο οποίος τίθεται από τον Κανονισμό και επεξηγείται η Technical University of Crete δυνατότητα και ο τρόπος ενεργοποίησης του μηχανισμού. Στην συνέχεια τονίζεται η the δυνατότητα των μερών σε μία 1. Introductory approach: Defining concept εξωσυμβατική διαφορά να επιλέξουν το εφαρμοστέο Επεξηγούνται 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 δίκαιο.

ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, BC - 370 BC, Athens), επαρκώς τα wise κριτήρια καιhe οι προϋποθέσεις για ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BCπαροχή -“principle”: 370 BC,τέτοιας Athens), among other heritage left us, he established a την great the ελευθερίας στην επιλογή. among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the Ακολούθως, αναλύεται ηwith περίπτωση όπου αντικείμενο της διαφοράς acquisition of knowledge starts theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 therefore, on this “principle”οιis inindicated aπροϋποθέσεις, first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term είναιBased, προϊόν, καιurban σημειώνονται που πρέπει να (and gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification πληρούνται έτσι, ώστε να δύναται εφαρμογής το σχετικό άρθρο Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a να cityτύχει area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of επίσης a city area, removal fromthere this, (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement of του Κανονισμού. Γίνεται αναφορά καιthe στιςεισαγόμενες εξαιρέσεις ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of τουoperation εν λόγω κανόνα. the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever consequences has, results also rising of landσε prices (and theof Στηνother συνέχεια ταξινομείται η προτεραιότητα περίπτωση whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative πολλαπλής επιλογής εφαρμοστέου δικαίου σε μια εξωσυμβατική διαφορά potential relative speculation). term gentrification is found το at first in the UK inδίκαιο early 1960s it refers to καιThe παρουσιάζεται συνοπτικά εφαρμοστέο στις and περιπτώσεις The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor άδικου ανταγωνισμού, περιβαλλοντικής ζημίας, κατάχρησης the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property inδικαιωμάτων poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof πνευματικής ιδιοκτησίας, δράσηςthere και and γίνεται αναφορά και London, upgrade them, stay βιομηχανικής themselves sometimes thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. στις περιπτώσεις, όπου υφίσταται εξωσυμβατική ευθύνη. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth συμπεράσματα της εργασίας αναπτύσσονται όλα τα AΣτα description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work επαρκώς of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major σημαντικά σημεία και θέματα τα οποία καταγράφονταιστην σχετική GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities inΓίνεται Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. μελέτη. αρχικά συνοπτική ανακεφαλαίωση που Since then, the issueπολύ has several scholarsτων andαλλαγών for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more επέφερε ο τροποποιημένος Κανονισμός των Βρυξελλών Ι και comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various παρουσιάζεται των αλλαγών αυτών.Σημειώνεται η interpretations ofεπαρκήςσχολιασμός the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: interpretations of the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, phenomenon dueof togentrification, a trend a new of social groups σημασία τηςtheεπιλογής απόis τα μέρη τουofαρμόδιου Δικαστηρίου που to “return” to city, leaving purlieus forτους. several reasons: high costs in money επιθυμούν ναthe επιληφθεί τηςthe υποθεσεώς Αναπτύσσονται επαρκώς οι and time to travelπερί from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the παρατηρήσεις των πιθανών προβλημάτων, που δύνανται να 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, παρουσιαστούν κατά την εφαρμογή του νέου αυτού Κανονισμού στην Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly)for πράξη. Ταhealth, διάφορα σημεία με movements παράθεση Youth Unemployment.

The same year αναπτύσσονται she left Germany andξεχωριστά after continuous lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, σχετικούπροβληματισμού. in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and Ακολούθως, γίνεται αναφορά στον Κανονισμό Ι και University College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers HerΡώμη public and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion forέχει justice.

See also: COLLINS DICTIONARY. συγκεκριμένα στην βελτίωση που επέλθει κατά την ENGLISH εφαρμογή του σε and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: σχέση με τον προγενέστερο σχετικό Κανονισμό. Εντοπίζονται και τίθενται G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually πιθανά πρακτικά ζητήματα και προβληματισμοί.

117 2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

118

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Αναπτύσσεται επιπλέον η σημασία του Κανονισμού Ρώμη ΙΙ,με την being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth επισήμανση τωνπρακτικώνπροβλημάτων, οποία να A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere theτα work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the όμως same while similar recorded inπιθανόν other major παρουσιαστούν κατά την εφαρμογή του εν λόγω Κανονισμού.

GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Ακολουθεί η issue παράθεση βιβλιογραφίας η οποία χρησιμοποιήθηκε για Since then, the has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more να συνταχθεί η εν λόγω εργασία καιsummarized η οποία συνέβαλε μιας comprehensive approach are being below,στην fromπαροχή the various comprehensive approach areερωτημάτων being summarized below, from the various ολοκληρωμένης εικόνας των στα the οποία απαντώνται μέσω interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, following: interpretations of the phenomenon of thecategory following: InΙδιωτικού a sense, theΔιεθνούς phenomenon is due togentrification, a trend a new of social groups του Δικαίου σχετικά με of την αμοιβαία αναγνώριση των to “return”και to the city, leaving the purlieus for reasons: high in money αστικών εμπορικών υποθέσεων, τηςseveral δικαιοδοσίας του costs Δικαστηρίου and to travel fromδίκαιο the purlieus to downtown, place is, lack of the και time το εφαρμοστέο στις υποθέσεις, οιwhere οποίεςwork έχουν διασυνοριακό 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, χαρακτήρα.

Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,movements (possibly) εργασία περιλαμβάνει ακόμη σειρά Παραρτημάτων οποίαfor YouthΗ Unemployment.

The same year she left Germany and after continuous στα lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and researchδικαστικές in Geneva, Prague, London and York she came back London, παρουσιάζονται υποθέσεις και New πίνακες σχετικοί μεto τα θέματα in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and της.

University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized a passion for justice.

See also:ιδιαιτέρου COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. Συνελόντι ειπείν,by πρόκειται περί εργασίας ενδιαφέροντος, and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: πλήρως τεκμηριωμένης και συνεισφέρουσες σημαντικές προσεγγίσεις επί G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

του συναφής θέματος.

2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated aΠΡΟΛΟΓΟΣ first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Η of ανά χείρας εργασία διερευνά τηνof εξέλιξη Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually low-income andthe theremoval placement artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, των ειδικότερων ρυθμίσεων περί Περιφερειακής the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has,στην resultsΕλλάδα also risingκατά of landτην prices (and theof Ανάπτυξης τελευταία whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising land τα prices (and the potential relative τριακονταπενταετία. Ακόμη, μεofβάση διαθέσιμα potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found atεπιχειρείται first in the UK inο early 1960s and it refers to δεδομένα, εντοπισμός τυχόν The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor συναφών προβλημάτων και ηin poor ανίχνευση the then observed trend wealthy people to there buy property areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof ενδεχόμενων περαιτέρω London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimesπροοπτικών there and thusαναπτυξιακής old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. υφής. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Πληροφοριακώς αναφέρονται μερικά εκ A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work ofεδώ Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major των byθεμάτων της, όπως στοιχεία περί του cities in Western countries, other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for more περιφερειακού προβλήματος της Χώρας, οι its σχέσεις Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various της Χώρας με την Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση, οι πολιτικές comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: εξελίξεις κατά την εξεταζόμενη περίοδο κ.ά.. interpretations the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: social groups In a sense, theof phenomenon is due to a trend of a new Ακολουθεί σειρά διαπιστώσεων of και σκέψεων, to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money (ενδεχομένως) βελτιωτικών της υφιστάμενης and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the κατάστασης αναπτυξιακών δραστηριοτήτων. termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies.

In 1932 she published an important study entitled: Οι Συντάκτριες της ανά χείρας εργασίας, services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for έχουσες πλήρη επίγνωση των ιδιαιτεροτήτων της, lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc. studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, where in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

1950 sheto became teacher της in the θέλουν να ελπίζουν, ότι Inπροσφέρουν, πέραν to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying πληροφόρησης, έναυσμα περαιτέρω συναφών her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. προβληματισμών.

London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: δημιουργικών G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

119 2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Βασιλική ΔΕΛΗΘΕΟΥ Επίκ. Concerns Καθ. Τ.Ο.Π.Α. Παντείου Πανεπιστημίου Κ.Π.Ε.

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Δέσποινα ΔΟΥΡΟΥ Ελεονώρα ΣΤΑΥΡΑΚΑΚΗ Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Μετ. Διπλ. Ειδ. Τμ Οικ. Μ.Sc., P.P., Johannes Gutenberg By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Περ. Ανάπτ. Π.Π.Κ.Π.Ε.

University Mainz Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the Η the Εξέλιξη ειδικότερων acquisition of knowledge starts with the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first,των if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification ρυθμίσεων περί Περιφερειακής the term 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Ανάπτυξης στην Ελλάδα Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.τελευταία However this35 “change”, regardless of κατά τα χρόνια. the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences Δεδομένα, has, results also rising of land prices potential relative Προβλήματα και (and the potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Προοπτικές The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public and Αθήνα, Φεβρουάριος 2017 long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

120

2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect ΕΠΙΛΟΓΟΣ Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

Ο καταλύτης την ευόδωση του καλύτερου 1. Introductory approach: Defining theγια concept ή philosopher, εκσυγχρονιστικού είναι η 1. Introductory αναπτυξιακού approach: the concept (444 BC -σχεδίου ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek 370 BC, Athens), σωστή πολιτική στη φάση της ολοκλήρωσης του ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the among other wise σχεδιασμού heritage left us,και he στη established a great the του φάση της υλοποίησής acquisition of knowledge startshe with the definition of the content of“principle”: concepts.του. acquisition of knowledge starts with the content of concepts. Απαιτείται μιαtheσυντονισμένη πολιτική πνοή και Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first,συντελεστών, if (in notthe final, approach, term gentrification) indicated area of Planning) (or gentrification συνέργεια όλων isinτων που the είναι 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), asαπαραίτητοι the “refining” ofγια a cityτην area, υλοποίησή the removal from this, (in various τους (Κεντρική Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal fromthere this, (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement Διοίκηση, Περιφερειακή Διοίκηση,thereofΤοπική ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of Αυτοδιοίκηση, παραγωγικοί Φορείς δηλ. βιομήχανοι the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof – βιοτέχνες has, – αγρότες και έμποροι, εργατικό whatever otherspeculation). consequences results also rising of land pricesκίνημα, (and the potential relative επιστημονικό δυναμικό δηλ. μηχανικοί – potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atεργαζόμενοι first in the UKκ.ά.). in early 1960s and itareas refersofto οικονομολόγοι, the then observed trend ofiswealthy people to buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to there buyδημιουργία property in poor areas απαιτείται η πνεύματος London, upgrade them, stayΕπίσης themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. συνεργασίας , συναγωνισμού, κοινωνικής ειρήνης και being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is includedΗin«πειστική» the work of προοπτική Sociologist Ruth κοινωνικής δικαιοσύνης. της A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major ευημερίας όλων των Κοινωνικών Εταίρων απόmajor τη GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. δίκαιη απολαυή του καρπού ενός κοινά και καλά cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more σχεδιασμένου προγράμματος ναand υπερπηδήσει Since then, the issue has severalμπορεί scholars for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from the πολλά από τα εμπόδια, που δημιουργήθηκαν τα comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon of thecategory following: προηγούμενα In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueχρόνια. togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups Η πολιτική ως πράξη στην Ελλάδα απαιτείται, to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown,σκοπιμοτήτων, where work placeνα is, lack of the μακράν μικροπολιτικών κάνει το termat comes from Sociologist Ruth άλμα, GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the μεγάλο distributed residencies outside town centres, for ποιοτικό να αψηφήσει «το πολιτικό Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly)for τιςleft «πελατειακές σχέσεις», ναmovements βοηθήσει Youth Unemployment.κόστος» The same και year she Germany and after continuous lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies and research inόλους Geneva, Prague, and New York sheσυνεισφέρουν came back to London, where όσουςLondon αποδεδειγμένα στην in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and υλοποίηση κοινών αναπτυξιακών οραμάτων. Και το University informal College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice.

See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. πράγμα επείγει. Οι καιροί ου μενετοί. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

121 2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

Κριτικά σημειώματα GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, Types of intervention, Concerns ofΧΡΙΣΤΟΦΙΔΗΣ: Gentrification Ανδρέας Ανεκπλήρωτες προσδοκίες.

Concerns

Λευκωσία, 2009, σελ. 433

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Του κ. Κωνστ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ Harvard University, GraduateΓΕ.

School of Design, Student, Καθηγητού Σχολ. Νομικών και Κοινωνικών Επιστ.

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Πανεπιστημίου ΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ, Πάφος, Student of the School of Architecture Καθηγητού Επισκ. Μετ. Προγρ. Σπ. Πανεπ. Αθηνών, Technical University of Crete

122

Ομοτ. Καθηγητού ΠΑΝΤΕΙΟΥ Π.Κ.Π.Ε., 1. Introductory approach: Defining theL.concept Ex Ch. U. L. Bruxelles, Ex. Int. I.I.A.P., Paris 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, theκαι ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370έζησα, BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great «Έκλεψα περιγράφω την ιδική μου ζωή, όπως την γιαthe να among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts. εκφράσω τους προβληματισμούς μίας εποχής, που χάνεται στο acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term πέρασμα των καιρών…».

1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Αυτά αναφέρει ο εκλεκτός, και κατά πάντα αγαπητός, ακάματος και Sociology asΘεμιστοπόλος, well), as the “refining” of Σάββα a city area, fromthere this, (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement of χαλκέντερος Ανδρέας ΧΡΙΣΤΟΦΙΔΗΣ, στον Πρόλογο του ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.για However this “change”, regardless of βιβλίου του «Ανεκπλήρωτες Προσδοκίες», το οποίο έχω την τιμή ναartists, Σας the operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However regardless whatever other has, results risingthis of “change”, land prices (and theof μιλήσω. whatever other consequences has, also rising of land pricesσυνετός, (and the potential relative Και είναιspeculation). ως προς τούτο ο results λόγος του, ειλικρινής, έντιμος, potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is foundγοητευτικός. at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to συνεπής, γνήσιος, λυρικός, επικός, TheΤο term gentrification found atpeople first Σάββα in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property inπέραν poor κρινόμενο έργο του Ανδρέα ΧΡΙΣΤΟΦΙΔΗ, όποιων the then observed trend wealthy people to there buyήproperty in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof δήποτε ειδολογικών κριτηρίων, είναι sometimes εν σπέρματι, εν δυνάμει, ηθογραφία, London, upgrade them, stay themselvesκαταγραφή sometimes there and thus oldυλικού residentsκαι are διήγημα, κοινωνικό πεζογράφημα, λαογραφικού being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. ιστορικών γεγονότων αναφορά (μετά κριτικών προσωπικών A description of thisκαι phenomenon is included in προσεγγίσεων) the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth βιωμάτων.

GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Ο Ανδρέας Σάββαby ΧΡΙΣΤΟΦΙΔΗΣ «γράφει» κείμενα, αφού πρώτα cities in Western countries, other Researchers. cities in Western countries, byγραμμή other Researchers. «στοιχίσει» την the ζωή του στη της άδολης αγάπης, μίαςand αγάπης για τον Since then, issue has preoccupied several scholars for its more then,αγάπης the issue has preoccupied scholars and for various its more τόποSince του, μίας χωρίς ιδιοτέλεια, μίαςseveral αγάπηςbelow, για άλλους καιρούς, μίας comprehensive approach are being summarized from the comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various αγάπης για ταπεινούς Ανθρώπους, ο χρόνος,the αιμοδιψής και αχόρταγος, interpretations of the phenomenon of που gentrification, following: interpretations of theαδυσώπητο phenomenon gentrification, following: ροκάνισε κατάthe τρόπο καιof τους σκέπασε μεthe λησμονιά.

In a sense, phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups Εξ άλλης πλευράς, το κρινόμενο έργο είναι μία ουσιαστική to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costsκατάθεση in money ψυχής, από from την επίνευση, ή και το βάρος, ήwhere και τοwork χρέος, αυτή ψυχή να and timeκάτω to travel the purlieus to downtown, place is, ηlack of the κατατμηθεί σε χιλιάδες μόρια, και να καταστεί κτήμα των πολλών, ωσάν άλλη 1.

The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS was born sense of safety at the distributed residencies outside town centres, search for betterin Berlin, where sheκαι first studies.

In 1932 she published an important study entitled: θεία μετάληψη, να her προκαλέσει έκρηξη συναισθημάτων. services of health,made education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Συναισθημάτων: lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, αγάπης, ελπίδας,the οδύνης, οργής, τα χρόνια που έφυγαν, in According 1943Προσμονής, she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In για 1950 she teacher in the to another approach, is due tobecame a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public and για τα χαμένα όνειρα, γιαby τους περασμένους τρυφερούς Απριλομάηδες, για τις long-term informal effort organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passionστα for justice.

See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. τριανταφυλλιές, για το αγιόκλημα παράθυρα των πλίθινων σπιτιών, για τα and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: πλοία που δεν άραξαν, για τα πανηγύρια που δεν έγιναν, για τα αηδόνια, που G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually πέταξαν στις Πλάτρες, για τις φεγγαρόφωτες νύχτες του καλοκαιριού, που

2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

σκέπασαν οι καπνοί των κανονιών της εισβολής, για τις πασχαλιές της Άνοιξης, που δεν πρόλαβαν να στολίσουν Επιτάφιους… Η ανάγνωση του κρινόμενου έργου οδηγεί στην βεβαιότητα, ότι ο Ανδρέας Σάββα ΧΡΙΣΤΟΦΙΔΗΣ, έχει πλήρη συναίσθηση της φθαρτής υπόστασής του: αλλά και της αιωνιότητας της Ζωής, και αυτά τολμά να διακηρύξει στις σελίδες του βιβλίου του. Δεν τον τρομάζει «η χαράδρα της ανυπαρξίας». Θεωρεί «το τέλος της

By Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS ζωής ως αφετηρία μίας νέας γέννησης, έναρξη τουC.κύκλου μίας αιώνιας Harvard University, GraduateΔΑΥΙΔ, School«επί of Design, Student, διαδρομής, και δεν θρηνεί, ως άλλος Προφητάναξ των ποταμών

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Βαβυλώνος». of Σάββα the School of Architecture Ο Ανδρέας, ο ήρωας του βιβλίου, και οStudent Ανδρέας ΧΡΙΣΤΟΦΙΔΗΣ, ο Technical University of Crete Συγγραφέας, καίτοι γεννήθηκαν σε μία μικρή Κωμόπολη της θαλασσοφίλητης Βόρειας Κύπρου, την Λάμπουσα, σημερινή Λάπηθο είναι τελικώς Πολίτες του 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Κόσμου, ζυμωμένοι με φτώχεια, αγώνες, ιδρώτα, πόθους, πίκρες, καϋμούς, 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ελπίδες, φόβους, βάσανα, και όνειρα, πολλά όνειρα, κόντρα στον μικρόκοσμο του ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great τόπου τους, τα γυμνά, (ελλείψει χρημάτων) βολίτζια των φτωχικών σπιτιών the και among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the τις λάμπες πετρελαίου. acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, this “principle” a first, ως if of not final, approach, theπλέον term Καιtherefore, οι δύο on «ονειρεύονται» και έχουν πρότυπά τους, όχι 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification σιδεράδες, πελεκάνους ξυλουργούς, αγγειοπλάστες, ράφτες, παπουτσήδες, 1 (and urban gentrification gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various πραματευτάδες, καφετζήδες, νερουλάδες, αλλά κονίστρες του κόσμου σε ξένους Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), social groups, usually αχόρταγες, of low-income and the placement thereθελκτικές, of artists, τόπους,ofδύσκολες, επικίνδυνες, αδυσώπητες, παραγωγικές, ways), of social groups, usually low-income and thethis placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. “change”, regardless of προσοδοφόρες, φωτισμένες με of «νέον», και However πασπαλισμένες με άχνη λαμπερής the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof δημοσιότητας… whatever other consequences potential relative speculation). Και όλα αυτά για ποιόν; has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at περισσότερο first in the UK inτους earlyάλλους…

1960s and it refers to Λιγώτερο για τον εαυτό τους, για TheΈτσι, term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early and itareas refers the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property poor ofto π.χ., ο Συγγραφέας Ανδρέας, όσο και 1960s ναin λατρεύει την the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are πολυαγαπημένη Μητέρα του ΕΛΕΝΗ, «λειτουργεί», όπως ο αείμνηστοςof London, upgrade them,του: stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Κοσμοπολίτης Πατέρας being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description this phenomenon is included in the work Sociologist Ruth Εργάζεταιofγια τους άλλους, προσφέρει, σηκώνει στην of πλάτη του τα βάρη description ofperiod, this phenomenon isσυνέχεια. included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar situations in other major τους,Aαγόγγυστα, υπομονετικά, σταθερά, GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Ο Συγγραφέας Ανδρέας «ζει» μέσα από τις ζωές των Άλλων, είτε τρέχει cities in Western countries, byνα other Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and πίσω από αγγειοπλάστες, για τουςResearchers. εκφράσει τον θαυμασμό του, for και its να more μάθει has scholars andthe for various its more την Since τέχνη then, τους, the είτεissue ευρίσκεται στην summarized Βουλήseveral της Γειτονιάς, (το αλησμόνητο comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being below, from comprehensive approach are summarized from the various Καφενείο), και of παρακολουθεί με being σεβασμό τις συζητήσεις των Μεγάλων, είτε interpretations the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: μηχανεύεται In a sense,κατεργαριές. theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups Κατεργαριές; Μάλιστα, to “return” to the city, leaving theκατεργαριές: purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Προσφέρεται τάχα ανιδιοτελώς να μεταφέρει τιμολόγια τουis, Πατέρα and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place lack ofτου the 1.

The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS wasbetter born σε σπίτια εκείνων, του χρωστούν χρήματα, γιαtown να κλέψει πεταχτό φιλίin sense of safety at theπου distributed residencies outside centres,ένα search for Berlin, she made her first studies.

In 1932 sheσπίτι important entitled: και να where δώσει λίγη χαρά στηνentertainment έγκλειστη στο της,an (λόγω τωνstudy ηθών της services of health, education, “at published the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for εποχής), αγαπημένη του. lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where τάχα πωςthe ζηλεύει, (θέλοντας να δώσει ένα μήνυμα, in According 1943Ακόμα, she published studies regarding city planning.

In 1950 sheto became teacher in the toκαμώνεται another approach, phenomenon is due a systematic and University Collegeείναι of London, where she μετέπειτα continued her social του research.

Her public and πόσο σπουδαία γι’ αυτόν), την σύζυγό ΥΒΟΝΝΗ, που χορεύει long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. στο κατάστρωμα ενόςetc., πλοίου, στην διάρκεια initially ενόςWIKIPEDIA: ταξιδιού, με άλλους, και δεν and selling realCOLLINS estate, for the depreciation of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

The Free Encyclopedia: «βούλεται συνιέναι» κοντά του στην καμπίνα…

G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

123 2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

124

Από τις σελίδες του βιβλίου αναδεικνύεται ένας ΑΝΔΡΕΑΣ έντονα κοινωνικός, αλλά, ώρες – ώρες, μονήρης, απόμακρος, οξυδερκής, επίμων, φιλομαθής, καταδεκτικός και θρήσκος, αφού σκεπτόταν ακόμη και την ιερωσύνη, αλλά δεν ήξερε πώς να μοιρασθεί την αγάπη του για τον ΧΡΙΣΤΟ με τις όμορφες κοπέλλες. Σύμφωνα με μαρτυρίες συνομηλίκων φίλων του, σε ηλικία 6 (!) ετών συντρόφευε με ευχαρίστηση εγκαταλελειμμένες από άλλους συγγενείς τους Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS Γριούλες, και άκουγε με τις ώρες τις By ιστορίες τους, (καιC. δεν υπονοώ εδώ μόνον Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, την Γιαγιά του ΑΝΑΣΤΑΣΙΑ).

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Θέλω να ελπίζω, αγαπητέ ΑΝΔΡΕΑ, ότι αυτή η θεάρεστη προσφορά σου Studentανταπόδωση, of the Schoolαντίδωρα of Architecture ήταν ανιδιοτελής, χωρίς ανταλλάγματα, αντιπαροχές, και Technical University of Crete υπαινίσσομαι εδώ τα ζαχαρωτά των Γιαγιάδων. Ένα άλλο στοιχείο, που ίσως προβληματίσει 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept τον Αναγνώστη του βιβλίου «Ανεκπλήρωτες Προσδοκίες», είναι ο σκεπτικισμός του ήρωα, αλλά και του 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 ANTISTHENIS, Greek philosopher, BC όμως - 370 BC, Συγγραφέα ΑΝΔΡΕΑ,the γιαancient το Δικηγορικό Επάγγελμα, το οποίο τουςAthens), κέρδισε ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the τελικά από το έτος 1960, γιατί αμφότεροι εντυπωσιάσθηκαν από την πολλαπλή among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. χρησιμότητα της ΝΟΜΙΚΗΣ ΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΗΣ, ως εφαλτηρίου για την επίτευξη acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term σύνθετων στόχων.

1 Based, therefore, onτου this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in not final, approach, the term urban gentrification) the area ofπάντοτε Planning) (or gentrification Με την(and Δικηγόρου οisΣυγγραφέας ΑΝΔΡΕΑΣ, ευθύς 1 ιδιότητα gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various στους λόγους και στα έργα του, δεν δίσταζε να καυτηριάζει τα κακώς κείμενα Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and placement there of artists, στον χώρο της απονομής της Δικαιοσύνης, όπως π.χ.the την πιεστική αναζήτηση από ways), of social groups, usually of low-income thethis placement there ofμεταξύ artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of Δικηγόρους της συνδρομής Δικαστών για τηνand επίτευξη συμβιβασμών the operation ofconsequences artτοgalleries, restaurants, etc.also However regardless whatever other has, results rising of “change”, landτων prices (and theof διαδίκων, γεγονός, οποίο του στέρησε για καιρό τηνthis αγάπη Συναδέλφων whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising land prices (and the potential του, όπωςrelative αναφέρεται κατ’ επανάληψη στο κρινόμενο έργοofτου. potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is foundΑΝΔΡΕΑΣ at first inουσιαστικά the UK in early 1960s and ΑΝΔΡΕΑΣ, it refers to Ενώ ο ήρωας του βιβλίου ο Συγγραφέας The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor δεν εγκαταλείπει τα οράματά του, δεν είναι τολμητίας: the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof Άλλος, είναι ο τολμών εκείνη την εποχή στην Κερύνεια, γη αλησμόνητη: London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. ένας νεαρός Πολιτικός Μηχανικός, ο Μιχαλάκης ΛΕΠΤΟΣ, ο οποίος αγοράζει being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this σε phenomenon included work of Sociologist Ruth χωράφια, τα χωρίζει οικόπεδα is και κτίζει in γιαtheντόπιους και για ξένους A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the κατοικίες, same while τις similar recorded in other major καλαίσθητες (παρά διατυπούμενες από πολλούς δυσοίωνες GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by otherκαι Researchers. προβλέψεις για το όλο εγχείρημα), οδηγεί τελικά την περιοχή σε πρωτόγνωρη cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more και ανεπανάληπτη οικιστική και οικονομική ανάπτυξη.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and forπ.χ. its more Ο Συγγραφέας ΑΝΔΡΕΑΣ τολμά, όμως σε άλλα πεδία, όπως στο comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from the various comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various Ξενοδοχείο ΚΕNSIGTON του Λονδίνου, όπου δεν διστάζει να δεχθεί με μεγάλη interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon of thecategory following: ευχαρίστηση προκλήσεις μίας πανέμορφης της ΥΒΟΝΝΗΣ, και να In a sense, τις theof phenomenon is due togentrification, a trendδεσποινίδας, of a new of social groups ενδώσει σε αυτές, δεδομένου, ότι γνώριζε πως αυτή η νεαρή Αγγλίδα, στην to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money ερώτηση των Γονιών της, «γιατί εκτιμά τόσο πολύ τον ΑΝΔΡΕΑ», απαντούσε and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in μονίμως: sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies.

In 1932 she published an important study entitled: «Ο ΑΝΔΡΕΑΣ είναι πάντοτε ο εαυτός“at τουthe καιheart δεν of κρύβει κανέναν άλλον services of health, education, entertainment the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for μέσα του. Είναι αυτό που βλέπεις και εγώ αγαπώ μόνον ό,τι βλέπω». lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where αυτών, ο ήρωας τουthe βιβλίου και οInΣυγγραφέας ΑΝΔΡΕΑΣ, δεν in According 1943Πέραν she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public and αποστασιοποιούνται απόby ταorganized κοινά: αντιθέτως: έχουν άποψη εκφραζόμενη long-term effort groups, manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. δημόσια καιreal υπεύθυνα. and selling estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

Όλως ενδεικτικώς, ελλείψει χρόνου, αναφέρω εδώ συνοπτικά κάποια στοιχεία, από το κρινόμενο έργο. Ο Συγγραφέας ΑΝΔΡΕΑΣ ήθελε να υπηρετήσει τον τόπο του, παρά το γεγονός, ότι τα πολιτικά πάθη ήταν ιδιαιτέρως έντονα. Έτσι, όταν ο Έπαρχος Κερύνειας το Φθινόπωρο του έτους 1969 του ανέφερε, ότι θα τον πρότεινε στον αρμόδιο Υπουργό Εσωτερικών για Δήμαρχο Κερύνειας, ο ΑΝΔΡΕΑΣ, παρά το γεγονός, ότι δεν συνέπλεε με την κυβερνώσα

By Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS παράταξη, εδέχθη με ευχαρίστηση την πρόταση, παρά C. τους ποικίλους φόβους Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, του, που τελικά επιβεβαιώθηκαν: Mr.κατάλληλο George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Ο Υπουργός διώρισε ΔήμαρχοByτον άνθρωπο: Έναν ιδιοκτήτη Student of the School of Architecture λεωφορείου, πολιτικό φίλο του, ενώ στον ΑΝΔΡΕΑ προσεφέρθη αργότερα η θέση Technical University of Crete του Αντιπροέδρου Σχολικής Εφορείας Λάμπουσας. Ανθ’ ημών ΓΟΥΛΙΜΗΣ, για τους γνωρίζοντες 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept τα της Ελλάδος. ΑΝΔΡΕΑ ΘΕΜΙΣΤΟΠΟΛΕ, 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ΑΝΔΡΕΑ ΛΟΓΟΤΕΧΝΗ, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage left us, he established(444 a great the Θα είμαι έντιμος μαζί he Σου: among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. Ως απλός αναγνώστης των έργων Σου και ως ο ολίγιστος των περί το acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term πνεύμα ενασχολουμένων, εκτιμώ, παρά το γεγονός, ότι η φράση του ΝΑΖΩΡΑΙΟΥ 1 Based, therefore, on ότι this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term urban gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification «ουαί υμίν τοις(and ήρατε την κλείδα της γνώσεως», επικρέμαται επί της 1Νομικοίς, gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various κεφαλής Σου ως Νομικού, ότι ο ΘΕΟΣ ΣΟΥ σε καταδίκασε επί πλέον και με την Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of για low-income ποινή της αιώνιας άδολης αγάπης τον Τόποand Σου.the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually ofΣου. low-income and thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.έχει However “change”, regardless of Δέξου αυτή την καταδίκη Δεν για Σε άλλο πλοίο, there δεν έχει άλλη the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof οδό, κατά τον Ποιητή. whatever other consequences has, resultsτην alsoΨυχή risingΣου, of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). Και συνέχισε να μας προσφέρεις νοτισμένη με τις potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is foundτης at first in the UKΓής, in early 1960s and it refersτης to δροσοσταλίδες των λουλουδιών Κυπριακής τα αρμυρά κύματα The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of θάλασσας της Κερύνειας, τα δάκρυα της λύπης, τα δάκρυα της χαράς, τις πίκρεςto theταthen observed trend of wealthy sometimes people buy property in poor areas London, upgrade stay themselves and thus old residents areof και όνειρα τωνthem, απλών ΣυνΑνθρώπων Σου. to there London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Αυτοί οι Κύπριοι Συνάνθρωποί Σου δεν έπαψαν μέσα σε παγωνιές being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is includedανάμεσα in the work of Sociologist Ruth θανάτου και καυτερά λιοπύρια, να παραμένουν, σε τάφους και κούνιες A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at theπαιδιών, same while similar situations in other major νεογέννητων στητοί, ολόρθοι, περήφανοι, αταλάντευτοι, αγωνιστές, ως GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities Western countries, by other άλλοςinΑΝΤΑΙΟΣ, προσμένοντας εν Researchers. πνεύματι Δικαίω, ένα καλλίτερο μέλλον για cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Since then, issue several scholars and for more τους ίδιους καιthe τον Τόποhas τους, καιResearchers. έχοντας πάντοτε κατά νουν, τηνitsφράση Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars andthe for various its more αλλοτινών καιρών,approach του Εθνικού ΠΑΛΑΜΑ: comprehensive areΠοιητή beingΚωστή summarized below, from comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various «Κάποια ρόδα είναι έτοιμα interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: interpretations of the phenomenon thecategory following: εδώ is κάτω, In a sense, theν΄ανθίσουν phenomenon dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups εδώ πέρα, to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money μεσ’ σταthe περίτεχνα and time to travel from purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the 1.

The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in αρχαία αγάλματα, sense of safety atσμιλεμένα the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where sheμέσα madeστο herλαμπερό first studies.

In 1932 she published an important study entitled: φως, services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for μέσα στα ιερά αιματοβαμένα lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, της Κύπρου, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the toχώματα another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and της Κύπρου της λατρεμένης, long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. της θαλασσοφίλητης». and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Σας ευχαριστώ για την ενδεχόμενη αποδοχή των σκέψεών μου.

G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

125 2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Δικαιωμάτων Intervention, Ο Χάρτης Θεμελιωδών της Ευρωπαϊκής Definition, Types ofΈνωσης: intervention, Concerns of Gentrification Ευγενείς προθέσεις, αλυσιτελείς προσεγγίσεις Concerns Της κυρίας Αρτ. Δ. ΣΑΒΒΙΔΟΥ ByΔιδ.

Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Μέλ. Ειδ. Προσ. Πανεπ. ΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ, Πάφος Harvard University, Graduate School Design, Student, Υποψ.ofΔιδ., Δικηγόρου

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

Α. Γενική προσέγγιση Τα τρέχοντα τραγικά γεγονότα επί παγκοσμίου, διεθνούς, 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept ευρωπαϊκού και εθνικού επιπέδου, (περιφερειακές πολεμικές 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, συρράξεις, απροσδόκητη μεγάλη αύξηση των εν γένει ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the μεταναστευτικών ροών - και ιδίως προς τα Κράτη - Μέλη της among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. Ευρωπαϊκής - starts προβλήματα εκ περιβαλλοντικών κ.ά.), acquisition of Ένωσης knowledge with theindefinition the content ofαιτιών concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term θέτουν επίtherefore, πολλοστήisinφορά περίφημο ζήτημα 1 τάπητος Based, on για this “principle” a first, το if (in not final, approach, the της term (and urban gentrification) indicated the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 εν γένει επί βάσεως 1 προστασίας των Ανθρωπίνων Δικαιωμάτων gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various καθολικής, ανεξαρτήτως φύλλου, φυλής, εθνικότητας κ.ά. παραμέτρων.

Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement Το όλο ζήτημα προσλαμβάνει ιδιάζουσα σημασία ότανof οartists, μη the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever consequences results also rising of land prices theof σεβασμόςother αυτών των has, Δικαιωμάτων προέρχεται από(and μέλη whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also υπό risingκαθεστώς of land prices (and the potential relative συντεταγμένων πολιτικώς και διεπομένων Διεθνών / potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Διμερών Συνθηκών Δομών, ως έχει παρατηρηθεί προσφάτως από The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed ofiswealthy toτα buy property in poor Κράτη Μέλη τηςtrend Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης, οποία κάθε παράof the then observed trend wealthy people to buy property in άλλο poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are εφήρμοσαν διατάξεις τουthemselves Χάρτη των Θεμελιωδών της London, upgrade them, stay sometimes there andΔικαιωμάτων thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης, κειμένου συνακολουθούντος τις Ενοποιημένες being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Συνθήκες τηςsame Ένωσης.

A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Όλως συνοπτικώς σημειώνεται, ότι λόγος περί θεμελιωδών ή cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more ατομικών δικαιωμάτων ήpreoccupied ατομικών ελευθεριών, απαντάται και σε Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various πρώϊμες ιστορικές περιόδους, αλλά και μεταγενεστέρως. comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of εδώ: gentrification, thebelow, following: Ενδεικτικώς αναφέρονται interpretations the phenomenon gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof to2279 a trend of a new of social groups Ο Κώδιξ του HAMMURABI, π.Χ. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Ο Νόμος του Σόλωνος «Περί Σωματείων», 6ος π.Χ. αιώνας. and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Το αρχαίο Δίκαιο. term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety atcomes theΡωμαϊκό distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made herτου first Χριστού, studies. In 1932 she published an και important study entitled: Η διδασκαλία των Αποστόλων των Πατέρων services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for της Εκκλησίας. lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 1 Βλ. έννοια και διακρίσεις, μεταξύ άλλων, στο: R. GUILLIEN, J. VINCENT: Lexique de G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

126

termes Juridiques. DALLOZ. Paris, 1998, p. 179 et. s.

2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

H Magna Charta, του Ιωάννου Ακτήμονος, Αγγλία, GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of του Intervention, Ιουνίου 1215 μ.Χ.

Definition, Types Concerns of Gentrification Η Petition of Rights, Αγγλία, 1627of μ.Χ.intervention, Η Habeas Corpus Act, Αγγλία, 1679 μ.Χ.

Concerns O Bill of Rights, Αγγλία, 1688 μ.Χ.

12

H Act of Settlement, Αγγλία, 1781 μ.Χ.

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Η Διακήρυξη της Ανεξαρτησίας των Ηνωμένων Πολιτειών, 1776

Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Η Γαλλική Διακήρυξη των Δικαιωμάτων του Ανθρώπου Architect και του Student of the School of Architecture Πολίτου, 1789 μ.Χ.

Technical University of Crete

μ.Χ.

Η Οικουμενική Διακήρυξη των Δικαιωμάτων του Ανθρώπου του

1. Introductory Ο.Η.Ε., 1948 μ.Χ. approach: Defining the concept 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, Η Ευρωπαϊκή Σύμβαση Ανθρωπίνων Δικαιωμάτων του ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a στην great Συμβουλίου της Ευρώπης, η οποία υπεγράφη Ρώμη την the 4η among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. Νοεμβρίου 1950 μ.Χ. starts with the definition of the content of concepts. acquisition of knowledge Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term Η Ελλάδα έχει κυρώσει της isin ενindicated καθώς και τα 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” a λόγω first, if Σύμβαση, notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) (in area of Planning) (or gentrification ης/20ης 1 πρόσθετα Πρωτόκολλά της 11 και 14 με το Ν.Δ.

53 της 19 gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various Σεπτεμβρίου 1974.

Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, Την Σύμβαση έχει κυρώσει και η However Κύπρος, με τον Ν. 32/1962. the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever consequences has, results also rising of land prices (andτης theof Σεother σχέση με τον Χάρτη των Θεμελιωδών Δικαιωμάτων whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης σημειώνεται, προ πάσης άλλης αναφοράς, ότι σε potential relative speculation). term gentrification is found first in the UK inηearly 1960s and it refers to επίThe μέρους ρυθμίσεις του είναιatλίαν εμφανής, επιρροή αντιστοίχων The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor διατάξεων και άλλων συναφών κειμένων και κυρίως τηςinΕυρωπαϊκής the then observed trend wealthy people to buy property poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof Σύμβασης Ανθρωπίνων περί there της οποίας London, upgrade them, stayΔικαιωμάτων, themselves sometimes and thus αναφέρονται old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. ενδεικτικώς τα “squeezed”. εξής: being indirectly A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Β. Η Σύμβασις δια την προάσπισιν των Δικαιωμάτων του A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major ης GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Ανθρώπου και των θεμελιωδών Ελευθεριών της 4 Νοεμβρίου cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities inΡώμη, Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several and for its more 1950, Πρόσθετο Πρωτόκολλο τωνscholars Παρισίων της 20ης Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive Μαρτίου 1952.approach are being summarized below, from the various comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, following: Κυρούται και κτάται ισχύον νόμου η εν the Ρώμη την 4ην Νοεμβρίου interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new of social groups 1950 υπογραφείσα υπό την αιγίδα του Συμβουλίου της Ευρώπης to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Σύμβασις «Δια την Προάσπισιν των Δικαιωμάτων του Ανθρώπου και and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the των1.ofΘεμελιωδών Ελευθεριών, ωςGLASS, και 1912-1940. τοtown Πρόσθετον ειςfor αυτήν The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth Ruth search GLASS was born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside centres, better ης Μαρτίου Berlin, where sheτων madeΠαρισίων her first studies.

In 1932 she published an important study entitled: Πρωτόκολλον της 20 1952». services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Αι Συμβαλλόμεναι Κυβερνήσεις, μέλη του Συμβουλίου lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private easier access to markets, etc.της studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car New York she came back to London, where in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the Ευρώπης: to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying Έχουσαι υπ΄όψιν την Παγκόσμιον Δήλωσιν των Δικαιωμάτων her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: του Ανθρώπου, ηνetc., διεκήρυξεν η London Γενική Συνέλευσις των Ηνωμένων Gentrification: G.ηνALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aΕθνών variety of 10 ways, in order Abstract. to 1948. achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Δεκεμβρίου την

127 2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

Έχουσαι υπ΄όψιν ότι η Δήλωσιςof αύτη τείνει εις την εξασφάλισιν GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types Intervention, της αναγνωρίσεως και την παγκόσμιον και αποτελεσματικήν Definition, Types of intervention, Concerns of Gentrification εφαρμογήν των δικαιωμάτων άτινα αναφέρονται εις αυτήν. Έχουσαι υπ΄όψιν ότι σκοπός του Συμβουλίου της Ευρώπης είναι Concerns η πραγματοποίησις στενοτέρας ενότητος μεταξύ των Μελών αυτού,

και ότι εν των μέσων προς επίτευξιν του σκοπού τούτου είναι η Mr. George-Sp. C. ανθρώπου ATHANASOPOULOS προάσπισις και η ανάπτυξις τωνBy δικαιωμάτων του και των Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, θεμελιωδών ελευθεριών.

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Επιβεβαιούσαι την βαθεία αυτών προσήλωσιν εις τας Student of the School of Architecture θεμελιώδεις ταύτας ελευθερίας αίτινες αποτελούσι αυτό τούτο το Technical University of Crete βάθρον της Δικαιοσύνης και της Ειρήνης εν κόσμω και των οποίων η 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept διατήρησις στηρίζεται ουσιαστικώς επί πολιτικού καθεστώτος αληθώς 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient philosopher, δημοκρατικού αφ΄ενός και Greek αφ΄ετέρου, επί κοινής αντιλήψεως και ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the κοινού σεβασμού των δικαιωμάτων του (444 ανθρώπου τα οποία among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. διεκδικούν. acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Αποφασισμέναι, όπως ως Κυβερνήσεις Κρατών 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notΕυρωπαϊκών final, approach, the term gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 εμπνεόμεναι υπό κοινών ιδεωδών και έχουσαι κοινήν κληρονομίαν gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various πολιτικών παραδόσεων και ιδεωδών σεβασμού της ελευθερίας και του Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), ofλάβωσι social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, δικαίου, τα πρώτα κατάλληλα μέτρα όπως διασφαλίσωσι την the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever otherεγγύησιν consequences has, results rising of land prices (and συλλογικήν ωρισμένων εκalso των αναφερομένων εν the τηof whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). Παγκοσμίω Δηλώσει δικαιωμάτων. potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Συνεφώνησαν ταisακόλουθα: The term gentrification is found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor Μέρος 1ον trend ofwealthy the then observed wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves and thus old residents areof Δικαιώματα καιstay Ελευθερίες London, upgrade them, themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. …………………………………………. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth ονof this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Μέρος 2 A description GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, similar situations were recorded in other major Ευρωπαϊκό Δικαστήριο Δικαιωμάτων του Ανθρώπου cities in Western countries, bywhile otherτων Researchers. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

Since…………………………………………. then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more Since then,3the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more ον comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from Μέρος comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: Διάφορες διατάξεις interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups …………………………………………. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Πρώτον Πρόσθετον Πρωτόκολλον and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Παρίσι, 20 1952 termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the Μαρτίου distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: …………………………………………. services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Τέταρτον Πρωτόκολλον lower living cost of, Πρόσθετον “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943Στρασβούργο, she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. sheto became teacher in the 16 Σεπτεμβρίου 1962 In 1950 to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying …………………………………………. her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Έκτον Πρόσθετον Πρωτόκολλον G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

128

2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

Εχει υιοθετηθεί αναδρομικώς από 1ης Μαρτίου 1985 με GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, απόφαση της 28ης Απριλίου 1923, Στρασβούργο Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification …………………………………………. Έβδομον Πρόσθετον Πρωτόκολλον Concerns Έχει υιοθετηθεί την 22α Νοεμβρίου 1984, Στρασβούργο, ετέθη

σε ισχύ την 1η Νοεμβρίου 1988

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS ………………………………………….

Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Δέκατον Τρίτον Πρόσθετον Πρωτόκολλον

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect η και ετέθη σε ισχύ την Έχει εγκριθεί την 1 Μαΐου 2002, Βίλνιους Student of the School of Architecture η 1 Ιουλίου 2003.

Technical University of Crete ………………………………………….

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Δέκατο Τέταρτον Πρόσθετο Πρωτόκολλον 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), η Μαΐου ANTISTHENIS, the ancient philosopher, 2004, Στρασβούργο. Έχει υιοθετηθεί την 12Greek ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the …………………………………………. among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. Υπό ofτην επίνευση, λοιπόν, ρυθμίσεων ως content οι αναφερθείσες, ο acquisition knowledge starts with thein definition the of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Χάρτης των Δικαιωμάτων της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσηςthe είναι 1 Θεμελιωδών, Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, term (and urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 «προϊόν» πολλαπλών επιρροών και διαβουλεύσεων. gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various Γ. Οι πρώτες αναφορές περί θεμελιωδών Δικαιωμάτων Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, εντός της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης. Η της Ευρωπαϊκής the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.προσχώρηση However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever has, results also rising of land prices (and theof Ένωσης other στην consequences ΕΣΑΔ. whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results alsoως rising of land prices (and the potential relative Ενδεικτικώς σημειώνεται εδώ, ότι πρώτη αναφορά περί potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first the UK in earlyΈνωσης 1960s andπρέπει it refersνα to θεμελιωδών δικαιωμάτων εντός τηςinΕυρωπαϊκής The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor θεωρηθεί η σχετική κοινή wealthy Διακήρυξη τωνtoΠροέδρων τουinΕυρωπαϊκού the then observed trend people buy property poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof Κοινοβουλίου, του Συμβουλίου καιsometimes της Επιτροπής του 1977, are η London, upgrade them, stay themselves there and thusέτους old residents being indirectly “squeezed”. οποία έχει υιοθετηθεί υπό του Ευρωπαϊκού Συμβουλίου κατά την being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Σύνοδό του 7/8 Απριλίου Κοπεγχάγη.

A description ofperiod, this phenomenon isστην included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at theτην same while 1978 similar situations in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Μέσω της Διακήρυξης υπεγραμμίζετο cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. η πρόθεση των Πολιτικών cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

Since then, the issueνα has preoccupied severalυπό scholars and for its more Οργάνων της Ένωσης λειτουργούν εφεξής πνεύματος σεβασμού Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various έναντι θεμελιωδών δικαιωμάτων, όπως αυτά καταγράφονται στα comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of theΚρατών phenomenon of gentrification, the following: Συντάγματα των Μελών και στην Ευρωπαϊκή Σύμβαση των interpretations of the phenomenon of thecategory following: In a sense, theτου phenomenon is due togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups Δικαιωμάτων Ανθρώπου, (των συνοδευτικών της Πρωτοκόλλων to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money περιλαμβανομένων). and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Είναι αυτονόητο, ότιresidencies η εν λόγω Διακήρυξη περί δικαιωμάτων termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed outside town centres, for Berlin,επί where she madeσειρά her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: έθετε τάπητος ζητημάτων. services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Τελικώς, Επιτροπή συνέταξε, απεδέχθη, την lower living cost of,ηin “withdrawal” from private car access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and και Neweasier York she came to back to4/4/1979, London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 sheto became teacher in the Ειδικό Μνημόνιο περί της Εντάξεως των Ευρωπαϊκών Κοινοτήτων to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying στην Σύμβαση για την προάσπιση των Δικαιωμάτων του Ανθρώπου her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.Θεμελιωδών Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: και των Ελευθεριών.

G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

129 2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

Επί του θέματος τοTypes Ευρωπαϊκό ετήρησε ευνοϊκή GENTRIFICATION Definition, ofΚοινοβούλιο Intervention, στάση, ενώ το Δικαστήριο απεφάνθη κατόπιν σχετικού αιτήματος του Definition, of intervention, Concerns of Gentrification Συμβουλίου την 28/3/1990Types αρνητικώς δεδομένου, ότι «στην παρούσα κατάσταση του Κοινοτικού Δικαίου η Κοινότητα δεν έχει αρμοδιότητα Concerns να προσχωρήσει στην Σύμβαση», παρά μόνον δια τροποποιήσεως των

Συνθηκών της.

Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Κύρια Πολιτικά και By Νομικά επιχειρήματα υπέρ της Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, προσχώρησης της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης στην ΕΣΑΔ διετυπώθησαν

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect μετ΄επιμονής υπό της Ομάδας Εργασίας ΙΙStudent της Ευρωπαϊκής Συνέλευσης of the School of Architecture ης 2 3 2002 /University CONV 35/02 της 12 Σεπτεμβρίου 2002 /της 22 ΟκτωβρίουTechnical of Crete κ.ά.

1. Introductory the concept Μερικά εξapproach: αυτών Defining αναφέρονται εν συνεχεία (διατηρείται η 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek στην philosopher, γλώσσα της επίσημης μετάφρασης Ελληνική): ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage left us,επιβεβαιώνει he established(444 a great the Στον βαθμό που η he Ένωση τις αξίες της μέσω του among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. Χάρτη, η προσχώρησή της στην ΕΣΑΔ θα αποτελέσει ισχυρό πολιτικό acquisition of knowledge starts with the the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term σήμα της συνοχής που υπάρχει μεταξύ Ένωσης και της «ευρύτερης 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated aτης first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 Ευρώπης», όπως αυτή εκφράζεται με το Συμβούλιο της Ευρώπης και το gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various πανευρωπαϊκό σύστημα ανθρωπίνων δικαιωμάτων του.

Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, Η προσχώρηση στην ΕΣΑΔetc.θα εξασφαλίσει στους πολίτες the operation of art galleries, restaurants, However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever consequences also rising land prices (andπου theof ανάλογη other προστασία έναντιhas, τηςresults Ένωσης όπως ofακριβώς αυτή whatever other consequences results alsoκρατών rising ofμελών. land prices (and the potential relative απολαύουν τη speculation). στιγμή αυτή has, έναντι των Πρόκειται potential relative speculation).

The term is found atδεδομένου first in the UK early 1960s and it refers to τελικά για gentrification ζήτημα αξιοπιστίας ότιin τα Κράτη Μέλη έχουν The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor μεταβιβάσει ουσιαστικές αρμοδιότητες στην Ένωση και ηin προσχώρηση the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof στην ΕΣΑΔ αποτελεί όρο γιαsometimes τη συμμετοχή νέων στην London, upgrade them, πλέον stay themselves there and thusκρατών old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Ένωση. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Ηat the προσχώρηση θα similar είναιis situations το ιδεώδες εργαλείο για major την A description ofperiod, this phenomenon included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS same while in other GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major εξασφάλιση αρμονικής cities in Westernτης countries, by otherανάπτυξης Researchers. της νομολογίας των δύο cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, Δικαστηρίων the issue has several scholars and for its more Ευρωπαϊκών σε θέματα ανθρωπίνων δικαιωμάτων. Για Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various ορισμένους, το επιχείρημα αυτό αποκτά ακόμα μεγαλύτερη ισχύ με την comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, theΧάρτη following: προοπτική της ενδεχόμενης ενσωμάτωσης του στις Συνθήκες. interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new social groups Στη συνάρτηση αυτή, θα πρέπει να αναφερθούν και ταofπροβλήματα to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money που προκύπτουν από τη σημερινή μη συμμετοχή της Ένωσης στο and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the δικαστικό σύστημα Στρασβούργου, στις που τοin 1.of The term fromτου Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for was born sense safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside townπεριπτώσεις centres, better Berlin, where she made her first studies. οφείλει In 1932 she published an important study entitled: Δικαστήριο του Στρασβούργου να αποφανθεί έμμεσα για το services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for

lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and 2 University College of London, where sheHJELM continued her socialIncorporation research. brokers Her public and Βλ.informal Ing. SVENSON and Lenn - WALLEN: of the Charter long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work to arethe characterized by a passion for justice. See also: ENGLISH DICTIONARY. accession E.C.H.R. Working Group II Brussels 12 Sept.COLLINS 2002. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 3 THE EUROPEAN CONVENTION: Working Group II: CONV.354/02.

Brussels, 22 G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

130

October 2002.

2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

Δίκαιο της Ένωσης χωρίς να μπορεί η Ένωση να υπερασπίσει τον εαυτό της ενώπιον αυτού του Δικαστηρίου ή να εξασφαλίσει τη συμμετοχή στο Δικαστήριο ενός Δικαστή που διαθέτει την αναγκαία εμπειρία του Δικαίου της Ένωσης. Η Ομάδα εξέτασε σε βάθος τις ενδεχόμενες επιπτώσεις της προσχώρησης στην ΕΣΑΔ, με βάση την αρχή της αυτονομίας του

By Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS Κοινοτικού (ή Ενωσιακού) Δικαίου καθώς και τη C. θέση και την εξουσία Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, του Δικαστηρίου των Ευρωπαϊκών Κοινοτήτων. Από τη συζήτηση στην

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Ομάδα και την ακρόαση των Εμπειρογνωμόνων προέκυψε ότι η αρχή Student of the School of Architecture της αυτονομίας δεν θέτει κανένα νομικό κώλυμαTechnical στην προσχώρηση της University of Crete Ένωσης στην ΕΣΑΔ. Μετά την προσχώρηση, το Δικαστήριο θα 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept παραμείνει ο μόνος υπέρτατος ρυθμιστής των θεμάτων που άπτονται 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ancient Greek philosopher, τουANTISTHENIS, Δικαίου της the Ένωσης και της ισχύος των πράξεών της. Το ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great Ευρωπαϊκό Δικαστήριο Ανθρωπίνων Δικαιωμάτων δεν μπορεί the να among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. θεωρηθεί ως Ανώτατο Δικαστήριο αλλά μάλλον ως εξειδικευμένο acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Δικαστήριο, θαonασκεί εξωτερικό έλεγχο βάσει του Διεθνούς 1 που Based, therefore, this “principle” inindicated a first, ifστις notthe final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) is (in area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 Δικαίου υποχρεώσεις της Ένωσης που θα προκύψουν απόvarious την gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in προσχώρηση στην ΕΣΑΔ. Η θέση του Δικαστηρίου θα είναι ανάλογη με Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), ofπου social groups, of low-income and Συνταγματικά thethis placement of artists, τη θέση τη usually στιγμή αυτή τα ή Ανώτατα the operation ofέχουν art galleries, restaurants, etc.Εθνικά However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other has, resultsτου alsoΣτρασβούργου. rising of land prices (and theof Δικαστήρια σε consequences σχέση με το Δικαστήριο whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also of στις land Συνθήκες prices (andκαι the potential Ηrelative Ομάδα τονίζει ότι η ενσωμάτωση τουrising Χάρτη potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in theδεν UKπρέπει in early να 1960s and it refersως to η προσχώρηση της Ένωσης στην ΕΣΑΔ θεωρηθούν The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor εναλλακτικές δυνατότητες, αλλά μάλλον συμπληρωματικά βήματα the then observed trend wealthy people ως to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof που εξασφαλίζουν τονstay πλήρη σεβασμό των θεμελιωδών London, upgrade them, themselves sometimes there and thusδικαιωμάτων old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. από την Ένωση: ακριβώς όπωςis η ύπαρξη τουwork Χάρτη δεν μειώνει being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon included in the of Sociologist Ruth επ΄ουδενί ταsame οφέλη την similar επέκταση του in ελέγχου Δικαστηρίου A description ofperiod, thisαπό phenomenon is situations included the recorded workτου of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the while were in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major του Στρασβούργου ώστε να καλύψει τις πράξεις της Ένωσης, έτσι cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Since then, the issue has scholars and its more ακριβώς η προσχώρηση στηνResearchers. ΕΣΑΔseveral δεν μειώνει το for κύρος του Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various καταλόγου των θεμελιωδών δικαιωμάτων της ίδιας της Ένωσης. Τα εν comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon ofσε gentrification, thebelow, following: λόγω δύο βήματα θα οδηγήσουν μια κατάσταση ανάλογη προς αυτή interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: social groups Inυπάρχει a sense, the phenomenon is due a trend of a new που στις νομοθεσίες τωνtoΚρατών Μελών, όπου ταofΣυντάγματά to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money τους προστατεύουν τα θεμελιώδη δικαιώματα αλλά ταυτόχρονα έχουν and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the αποδεχθεί τους εξωτερικούς ελέγχους για ανθρώπινα 1.of The term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth τα GLASS wasbetter born in sense safety atcomes theπρόσθετους distributed residencies outside town centres, search for Berlin, where she made her first studies.

In 1932 she published an important study entitled: δικαιώματα του συστήματος του Στρασβούργου. services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Η όμωςPrague, νομική βάση για την προσχώρηση lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.της studies andπρόσφορη research Geneva, London and New Yorkπλήρη she came back to London, where in According 1943 she published studies regarding city planning.(αρχικώς) In 1950 sheto became in the Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης στην ΕΣΔΑthe προέκυψε με τηνteacher Συνθήκη to another approach, phenomenon is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying της Λισσαβώνας (2007), άρθρο 6, παράγραφοι 2 και 3 της Συνθήκης her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theήδη depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης, αφού προηγουμένως συνέταξε τον ιδικό της Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aΧάρτη varietyΘεμελιωδών of ways, in order to achieve the “voluntary”, Δικαιωμάτων της“assisted”, Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης(actually την 7η 131 2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

Δεκεμβρίου 2009 κατά την Σύνοδο της Νίκαιας (τροποποίηση 12 Δεκεμβρίου 2007, Στρασβούργο), έχοντας το ίδιος κύρος με τις Συνθήκες (και περί του οποίου γίνεται λόγος εν συνεχεία): Η Ένωση προσχωρεί στην Ευρωπαϊκή Σύμβαση για την Προάσπιση των Δικαιωμάτων του Ανθρώπου και των Θεμελιωδών Ελευθεριών. Η προσχώρηση στην εν λόγω Σύμβαση δεν μεταβάλλει τις Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS αρμοδιότητες της Ένωσης, όπως By ορίζονται στις Συνθήκες.

Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Τα θεμελιώδη δικαιώματα, όπως κατοχυρώνονται από την

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Ευρωπαϊκή Σύμβαση για την Προάσπιση των Δικαιωμάτων του Student of the School of Architecture Ανθρώπου και των Θεμελιωδών Ελευθεριών καιTechnical όπως απορρέουν University ofαπό Crete τις κοινές συνταγματικές4 παραδόσεις των Κρατών Μελών, αποτελούν 1. Introductory approach: the concept μέρος των γενικών αρχών Defining του Δικαίου της Ένωσης.

1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept ANTISTHENIS, ancient Greek BC - 370 BC, Athens), Με αυτά ταthe δεδομένα ήταν philosopher, προφανής η(444 ανάγκη σύνταξης ενός ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the συνεκτικού κειμένου περί θεμελιωδών δικαιωμάτων υποχρεωτικής among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. εφαρμογής εντός της Ένωσης. acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Προς αυτή κατεύθυνση το ifΕυρωπαϊκό Κοινοβούλιο 1 (and Based, therefore, onτην this “principle” inindicated a first, notthe final, approach, the term urban gentrification) is (in area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 υιοθέτησε την 12/4/1989 την «Διακήρυξη Θεμελιωδών Δικαιωμάτων gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various και Ελευθεριών», περιλαμβάνουσα ρυθμίσεις περί ανθρώπινης Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and σεβασμού thethis placement there of artists, αξιοπρέπειας, ισότητας έναντι τουetc. Νόμου, της ιδιωτικής the operation of art galleries, restaurants, However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also συλλογικών rising of land prices (and theof ζωής, επαγγελματικής ελευθερίας, κοινωνικών whatever other consequences has, results risingτου of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). δικαιωμάτων κ.ά. και «επιτρέπουσα» τηνalso εμπλοκή Δικαστηρίου της potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Ένωσης κατά περίπτωση.

The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor Τελικώς, τοtrend Ευρωπαϊκό Συμβούλιο κατανοώντας ανάγκη the then observed wealthy people to there buy property inτην poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof ενός συνεκτικού κειμένου, (υποχρεωτικής δεandεφαρμογής) περί London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. θεμελιωδών δικαιωμάτων, απεφάσισε κατά την Σύνοδο της Κολωνίας, being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth 3 και 4atΙουνίου 1999, την Σύνταξη Χάρτη Θεμελιωδών A description of this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Δικαιωμάτων Sociologist Ruth GLASS the same period, while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities inΗWestern countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issueτου has several scholars and for more σύνταξη τελικού κειμένου ανετέθη σε itsΣώμα Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various (μετονομασθέν μετέπειτα σε Συνέλευση) εξ 62 Μελών, ήτοι more 16 comprehensivethe approach are being summarized from the various interpretations phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: εκπροσώπων of του Ευρωπαϊκού Κοινοβουλίου, 30 των Εθνικών interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of aΕθνικών new of social groups Κοινοβουλίων, (2 ανά Κοινοβούλιο), 15 των Κυβερνήσεων και to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money 1 της Επιτροπής. and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Ο Χάρτης ναresidencies περιλαμβάνει σειρά δικαιωμάτων, term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasόπως born in sense1.ofThe safety atcomes the έπρεπε distributed outside town centres, better Berlin, καταγράφονται where she made her first studies.

In 1932 she published an important study entitled: αυτά τόσο σε επίπεδο Συνταγμάτων των Κρατών services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for

lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying 4 her work are characterized by θέματος a passionστο: for justice.

SeeΣΑΒΒΙΔΟΥ: also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. Βλ. άλλες πτυχέςetc., του Άρτεμ Δ. Το Συνταγματικό Κέλυφος and selling realCOLLINS estate, for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: των Αυτοδιοικούμενων Τοπικών Δομών: Συγκριτική επισκόπηση: Κράτη Μέλη Ε.Ε. Πάφος, G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

132

2014, σ. 5 επόμ.

2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

Μελών, όσο και σε επίπεδο Ευρωπαϊκής Σύμβασης των Δικαιωμάτων του Ανθρώπου της 4ης Νοεμβρίου 1959. Τελικώς, το σχετικό κείμενο εγκρίθηκε υπό του Ευρωπαϊκού Κοινοβουλίου, του Συμβουλίου και της Επιτροπής της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης την 7η Δεκεμβρίου 2000 κατά την Σύνοδο της Νίκαιας, ενώ η Συνθήκη της Λισσαβώνας της 13ης Δεκεμβρίου 2007 (Στρασβούργο)

By Mr.περί George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS έχει περιλάβει την ακόλουθη ρύθμιση του Χάρτη: Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Δ. Ο Χάρτης Θεμελιωδών Δικαιωμάτων της Ε.Ε. Τελική

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Πράξη, Η΄ Παράρτημα, Δήλωση σχετικώς με τον Χάρτη των Student of the School of Architecture Θεμελιωδών Δικαιωμάτων της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης.

Technical University of Crete Ο Χάρτης των Θεμελιωδών Δικαιωμάτων της Ευρωπαϊκής 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept ισχύ, επιβεβαιώνει τα Ένωσης, ο οποίος έχει νομικώς δεσμευτική 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek διασφαλίζει philosopher, θεμελιώδη δικαιώματα, τα οποία η Ευρωπαϊκή Σύμβαση ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established aΑνθρώπου great the για την Προάσπιση των Δικαιωμάτων του(444 και των among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. Θεμελιωδών Ελευθεριών, όπως προκύπτουν από τις συνταγματικές acquisition of knowledge starts with the the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term παραδόσεις, οποίες κοινές στα Κράτη 1 οι Based, therefore, on είναι this “principle” inindicated a first, ifΜέλη. notthe final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) is (in area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 Ο Χάρτης περιλαμβάνει σε έναtheενιαίο εξ various επτά gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in theκείμενο areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, removal from (in Κεφαλαίων το σύνολο των Πολιτικών, Κοινωνικών και Οικονομικών Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, Δικαιωμάτων των Πολιτών των Χωρών Μελών της Ένωσης, αλλά και the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also των διαμενόντων εντός της επικρατείας της.rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences also rising of land prices (and the potential relative Το Προοίμιο του Χάρτηhas, έχειresults ως εξής: potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK μεταξύ in early 1960s refers to Οι Λαοί της Ευρώπης εγκαθιδρύοντας τους and μία itδιαρκώς The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor στενότερη ένωση, trend αποφάσισαν μοιραστούν ένα ειρηνικό μέλλον the then observed wealthyνα people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof θεμελιωμένο σε κοινές αξίες.

London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Η Ένωση, έχοντας επίγνωση τηςinπνευματικής και ηθικής being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included the work of Sociologist Ruth κληρονομίας, εδράζεται στις similar αδιαίρετες και οικουμενικές αξίεςmajor της A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while recorded in other GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major αξιοπρέπειας ανθρώπου, της ελευθερίας, της ισότητας και της cities in Western του countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has scholars and forΚράτους its more αλληλεγγύης, ερείδεται στις αρχές της several Δημοκρατίας και του Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its της, more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various Δικαίου. Η Ένωση τοποθετεί τον άνθρωπο στην καρδιά της δράσης comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the gentrification, καθιερώνοντας τηνphenomenon ιθαγένεια ofτης Ένωσης the καιfollowing: δημιουργώντας ένα interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new of social groups χώρο ελευθερίας, ασφάλειας και δικαιοσύνης. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Η Ένωση συμβάλλει στη διαφύλαξη και την ανάπτυξη αυτών and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the των1.κοινών σεβόμενη τηνRuth πολυμορφία τωνcentres, πολιτισμών καιbetter τωνin termαξιών, from Sociologist GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for was born sense ofThe safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town Berlin, where she made her first studies.

In 1932καθώς she published an important study entitled: παραδόσεων των Λαών της Ευρώπης, και την εθνική ταυτότητα services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for των Κρατών της και την οργάνωση εξουσίας τους lower living costΜελών of, in “withdrawal” from private easier access markets, etc. studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Newτης Yorkδημόσιας she came to back to London, where in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

1950 sheto became teacher in the σε εθνικό, περιφερειακό και τοπικό επίπεδο.InΕπιδιώκει προαγάγει to another approach, the is due aνα systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying ισόρροπη και αειφόρο ανάπτυξη και εγγυάται την ελεύθερη her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: κυκλοφορία των προσώπων, των εμπορευμάτων, τωνof υπηρεσιών και Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aτων variety of ways, in orderκαι to την achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually κεφαλαίων, καθώς ελευθερία εγκατάστασης.

133 2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

Προς τον GENTRIFICATION σκοπό Types αυτόν, είναι αναγκαίο να ενισχυθεί η Definition, of Intervention, προστασία των θεμελιωδών δικαιωμάτων υπό το πρίσμα της εξέλιξης Definition, Types ofκαι intervention, Concerns ofπροόδου Gentrification της κοινωνίας, της κοινωνικής των επιστημονικών και τεχνολογικών εξελίξεων, καθιστώντας τα πιο αντιληπτά σε ένα Χάρτη.

Concerns Ο παρών Χάρτης επιβεβαιώνει σεβόμενος τις αρμοδιότητες και

τα καθήκοντα της Ένωσης, καθώς και την αρχή της επικουρικότητας, Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS τα δικαιώματα, που απορρέουν,Byιδίως από τις κοινές συνταγματικές Harvard University, Graduate School of Student, παραδόσεις και τις διεθνείς υποχρεώσεις των ΚρατώνDesign, Μελών, την

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Ευρωπαϊκή Σύμβαση για την Προάσπιση των Δικαιωμάτων του Student of the School of Architecture Ανθρώπου και των Θεμελιωδών Ελευθεριών, τους Κοινωνικούς Χάρτες Technical University of Crete που έχουν υιοθετηθεί από την Ένωση και το Συμβούλιο της Ευρώπης, 1. Introductory Defining the concept της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης καθώς και από τηapproach: νομολογία του Δικαστηρίου 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), theΔικαστηρίου ancient Greekτων philosopher, καιANTISTHENIS, του Ευρωπαϊκού Δικαιωμάτων του Ανθρώπου. Εν ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the προκειμένω, ο Χάρτης θα ερμηνεύεται από τα Δικαστήρια της Ένωσης among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. και των of Κρατών Μελών, λαμβανομένων δεόντως υπόψη των acquisition knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term επεξηγήσεων, πουurban καταρτίσθηκαν την εποπτεία του Προεδρείου 1 (and Based, therefore, on this “principle”υπό inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 της Συνέλευσης, που συνέταξε τον Χάρτη και αναπροσαρμόστηκαν gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various υπ΄ευθύνη του Προεδρείου της Ευρωπαϊκής Συνέλευσης.

Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of απόλαυση social groups, usually of low-income and the placement of artists, Η των δικαιωμάτων συνεπάγεται ευθύνες και the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.αυτών However this “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results alsoόσο risingκαι of land (and theof καθήκοντα έναντι τόσο των τρίτων, τηςprices Ανθρώπινης whatever other consequences has,γενεών. results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative Κοινότητας και speculation). των μελλοντικών potential relative speculation).

The term at firstαναγνωρίζει in the UK in early and it refersτις to Κατάgentrification συνέπεια isηfound Ένωση τα 1960s δικαιώματα, The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor ελευθερίες και τις αρχές που ορίζονται εν συνεχεία. the then observed trend wealthy people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof Ε.upgrade Χαρακτηριστικά του Χάρτη London, them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Εκ των αναφερθέντων μέχρι τούδε στοιχείων, εξ άλλων, Ruth των being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the workκαι of Sociologist οποίων έπεται η of παράθεση εν similar συνεχεία, προκύπτει, ότι οι του A description this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of διατάξεις Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Χάρτη δεν countries, συνεπάγονται cities in Western by other διεύρυνση Researchers. των αρμοδιοτήτων της cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

Since then,Ένωσης the issueκαι has preoccupied and forηits more Ευρωπαϊκής ακόμη, ότι «οιseveral αρχές»,scholars (των οποίων νομική Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various φύση δεν είναι σαφής), οι ελευθερίες και τα δικαιώματα, τα οποία ο comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: Χάρτης αναγνωρίζει, ερμηνεύονται βάσει των διατάξεών του του interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups τίτλου VII (άρθρα 51, 52, 53,is 54). to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Έτσι, π.χ. αναφέρονται ως «αρχές» εκείνες των άρθρων: and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the 25: Περί των δικαιωμάτων των1912-1940. ηλικιωμένων: Η for Ένωση term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, Ruth search GLASS was born in sense1.ofThe safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, better Berlin, where she made her firstτο studies.

In 1932των she published an important study entitled: αναγνωρίζει και σέβεται δικαίωμα ηλικιωμένων προσώπων να services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for διάγουν μία αξιοπρεπή καιPrague, ανεξάρτητη ζωή… lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private car access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, London and Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 194326: she Ένταξη published studies regarding city planning. In sheto became teacher in the των ατόμων με αναπηρία: Η 1950 Ένωση αναγνωρίζει και to another approach, the phenomenon is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying σέβεται το δικαίωμα των ατόμων με αναπηρίες να επωφελούνται her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. τα Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: μέτρων, οποία θαetc., τους εξασφαλίζουν την αυτονομία…

G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

134

2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever consequences results also rising Το of land prices επίπεδο (and theof 37:other Προστασία τουhas,περιβάλλοντος: υψηλό whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). προστασίας του περιβάλλοντος και η βελτίωση της ποιότητάς του potential relative speculation).

The term is found atστις first in the UK in early and it και refersνα to πρέπει να gentrification ενσωματώνονται πολιτικές της 1960s Ένωσης The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor διασφαλίζονται σύμφωνα με την αρχή τηςto αειφόρου ανάπτυξης… the then observed trend wealthy people buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof Ενίοτε άρθρα «αρχές» there και δικαιώματα, όπως τα London, upgrade them,περιλαμβάνουν stay themselves sometimes and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. άρθρα 23, 33, 34 περί των οποίων γίνεται λόγος εν συνεχεία. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Ηat the επίκληση «αρχών» είναι παραδεκτή του A description ofperiod, thisτων phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of ενώπιον Sociologist Ruth GLASS same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Δικαστηρίου, σε συνάρτηση με τον έλεγχο νομιμότητας και την cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied otherελευθεριών Researchers.

Since then, issue has several and for its more ερμηνεία τωνthe αναφερομένων καιscholars των καταγραφομένων Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the δικαιωμάτων, τα οποία είναι άμεσης εφαρμογής καιand δεσμευτικού comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the gentrification, the following: χαρακτήρος για τα phenomenon Όργανα τηςofΈνωσης. interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trendότι of aείναι new of φορά social groups Εξ άλλης πλευράς, σημειώνεται, η πρώτη κατά to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money την οποία απαντώνται εντός του αυτού διεθνούς υφής νομικού and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the κελύφους, ως ο distributed Χάρτης, δικαιώματα ποικίλλης μορφής, 1.of The term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASSπολιτικά, wasbetter born in sense safety atcomes the residencies outside town centres, for Berlin, where she made her first studies.

In 1932 she published an είναι important study entitled: κοινωνικά, οικονομικά, ατομικά, των οποίων εφικτός ο services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for περιορισμός λόγους προστασίας γενικού συμφέροντος, μη lower living cost για of, in “withdrawal” from private easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car New York she came back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 sheto became teacher in the αναιρουμένου βασικού περιεχομένου τους. toτου another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Συνεχίζεται…

G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

135 2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

Κυριακή Γ. ΣΤΡΑΤΙΔΑΚΗ: GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Οικονομική κρίση και αποδοτικότητα υπαλλήλων Definition, Types ofΙδρυμάτων. intervention, Concerns of Gentrification Χρηματοπιστωτικών Χίος, 2016, σελ. 105 Concerns Του κ. Κωνστ. ΓΕ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS ΚαθηγητούBy Σχολ. Νομικών και Κοινωνικών Επιστ.

Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Πανεπιστημίου ΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ, Πάφος,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Καθηγητού Επισκ. Μετ. Προγρ. Σπ. Πανεπ. Αθηνών, Student of the School of Architecture Ομοτ. Καθηγητού ΠΑΝΤΕΙΟΥ Π.Κ.Π.Ε., Technical University of Crete Ex Ch. L. U. L. Bruxelles, Ex. Int. I.I.A.P., Paris

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, theΔιπλωματική ancientDefining GreekΕργασία philosopher, Πρόκειται για υποβληθείσα και εγκριθείσα ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise Οργάνων heritage he leftΜεταπτυχιακού us, he established a great the 1 του Προγράμματος Σπουδών υπό των Οικείων among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the του Τμήματος Διοίκησηςstarts Επιχειρήσεων της Σχολής Επιστημών Διοίκησης acquisition of knowledge with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term του Based, Πανεπιστημίου Αιγαίου.

1 (and urban therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban Αντικείμενο Διπλωματικής Εργασίας της Κυριακής gentrification gentrification) indicated (in thefrom area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as theτης “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal this, (in various ΣΤΡΑΤΙΔΑΚΗ είναι η Οικονομική Κρίση του 2008 και ο βαθμός στον οποίο Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, αυτή έχει την of αποδοτικότητα των υπαλλήλων των ways), of social groups, usually low-income and thethis placement there of artists, the operation ofεπηρεάσει art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless Χρηματοπιστωτικών Ιδρυμάτων. Το πρώτο τμήμα της εργασίας whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever other consequencesέρευνα, has, results also rising of land prices (andτης the περιλαμβάνει βιβλιογραφική η οποία αναλύει το φαινόμενο potential relative speculation). potential relative speculation). παγκόσμιας οικονομικήςisκρίσης. έρευνα ιδιαίτερα στοχευμένη The term gentrification found atΗfirst in theείναι UK in early 1960s and it refersκαι to The term gentrification found atpeople firstαντιληπτή in the UK in earlyτον 1960s and itareas refersof the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property inαναγνώστη poor αναλυτική, ώστε να γίνεται εύκολα από ηto the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are έννοια της οικονομικής κρίσης και για ποιους λόγους πλήττει την Ελλάδαof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. τα τελευταία σχεδόν δέκα χρόνια. Χαρακτηριστική είναι η διαπίστωση being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist πως η κρίση καθιστά αδύνατη την απορρόφηση των κεφαλαίωνRuth σε A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major παραγωγικούς τομείς και αποδοτικές επενδύσεις και επιφέρει κλονισμό GLASS at the same period, situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, bywhile othersimilar Researchers. των χρηματοπιστωτικών αγορών και διαταραχές στην ισορροπία μιας cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more οικονομίας. Απόδειξη όλων αυτών αποτελείseveral το γεγονός πωςand στην ελληνική Since then, the issue has scholars for its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from the various πραγματικότητα η οικονομική δραστηριότητα μειώνεται ραγδαία εν μέσω comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: κρίσης, ενώ το δημόσιο και ιδιωτικό χρέος αυξάνονται γεγονότα που interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups καθιστούν τοthe οικονομικό γίγνεσθαι ιδιαίτερα δυσμενές. to “return” to city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Η εργασία ακολούθως πραγματεύεται ιδιαίτερα ευδόκιμο and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, whereμεwork place is, lack of the 1.

The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS wasbetter born in τρόποof safety το εννοιολογικό πλαίσιο τουoutside ελληνικού χρηματοπιστωτικού sense at the distributed residencies town centres, search for Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: συστήματος καθώς και τηςentertainment εξέλιξης και “at τηςthe σημασίας Ο τραπεζικός services of health, education, heart of του. the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. κλάδος αποτελεί τη ναυαρχίδα των οικονομιών όλων των studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 1 Επιβλέπουσα: Λέκτορας Στ. ΖΟΥΝΤΑ, Συνεπιβλέποντες: Επίκουρη Καθηγήτρια G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

136

Ελένη ΓΑΚΗ και Επίκουρος Καθηγητής Μ.Χ. ΜΠΕΚΙΑΡΗΣ

2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

αναπτυσσόμενων και αναπτυγμένων κρατών καθώς στόχος του είναι η συντήρηση και η ανάπτυξη της οικονομίας με την έννοια της διατήρησης και ανάπτυξης της συνολικής ευημερίας και ευρωστίας της χώρας. Σύμφωνα με τη μελέτη, η λειτουργία που απασχολεί περισσότερο τα χρηματοπιστωτικά ιδρύματα είναι εκείνη της παρεμβολής μεταξύ κεφαλαιούχων και πιστωτών, μέσω της απορρόφησης κεφαλαίων από τους πρώτους και της παράλληλης τους στου δεύτερους.

By παροχέτευσής Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Ωστόσο, ζήτημα καίριας σημασίας για την ομαλή λειτουργία του κάθε Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASSOPOULOS χρηματοπιστωτικού ιδρύματος είναι το κέρδος C.καθώς οι τράπεζες Architect Student of theπαγκοσμιοποιημένο School of Architecture αποτελούν επιχειρήσεις που στο σύγχρονο Technical University of Crete περιβάλλον επιχειρούν να επιβιώσουν και να εξελιχθούν προσαρμοζόμενες στις 1. απαιτήσεις Introductoryαυτού. approach: Defining the concept Η επίδραση της κρίσης χρέους στις ελληνικές τράπεζες ήταν 1.

Introductory the concept ANTISTHENIS,approach: the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), μεγάλη, γεγονός που βασικό πυλώνα (444 έρευνας της BC, παρούσας ANTISTHENIS, theαποτελεί ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the μελέτης. Η επιδείνωση της κρίσης τα τελευταία χρόνια έχει επιφέρει among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the αναγκαστική ανακεφαλαιοποίηση των ηfinal, οποία επιδείνωσε τη acquisition of knowledge starts with the the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition aτραπεζών first, if of not approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” is in a first,το if (in not final, approach, the term δημοσιονομική θέση της κυβέρνησης, αύξησε κόστος χρηματοδότησης (and urban gentrification) indicated the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification και κατέστησε ασθενέστερους τραπεζικούς Στη Sociology as well), as the “refining” of τους a city area, the removalλογαριασμούς. from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, removal fromthere this, (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually ofαναφέρεται low-income and the placement of διπλωματική αυτή εργασία τοthe γεγονός πως οι τράπεζες ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. this “change”, regardless of καλούνται σήμερα να λειτουργήσουν σε However ένα περιβάλλον συσσωρευμένων the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever otherλόγω consequences has, results rising land prices theof προκλήσεων της κρίσης, όπως also είναι η of μείωση του (and ρυθμού whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative ανάπτυξης, η ελλιπής εποπτεία, η διαταραχή των αγορών χρήματος και potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first theεξυπηρετούμενων UK in early 1960s and it refersκαι to κεφαλαίου, η αύξηση του αριθμού τωνinμη δανείων The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor οιthe συνεχείς δυσχέρειες στην οικονομία συνολικά. Η εργασία ανάγει το then observed trend wealthy people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof συμπέρασμα ότι η themselves διασφάλιση ομαλής του London, upgrade them, stay sometimes there andλειτουργίας thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. χρηματοπιστωτικού συστήματος σε θεωρητικό επίπεδο θα μπορέσει να being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth επιτευχθεί μεsame εφαρμογή προληπτικών μέτρων in και επαρκούς εποπτείας με A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the while similar were recorded in other major συντονισμένη προσπάθεια διεθνών οργανισμών, κυβερνήσεων και GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. κεντρικών τραπεζών.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more Το τρίτο κεφάλαιο τηςsummarized εργασίας πραγματεύεται την comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various αποδοτικότητα υπαλλήλων,ofτην εργασιακήthe υποκίνηση, interpretations of των the phenomenon gentrification, following: ικανοποίηση interpretations of the phenomenon thecategory following: Inαπόδοση a sense, theσύμφωνα phenomenon dueof togentrification, a trend of aβιβλιογραφία. new of Ενδιαφέρον social groups και με isτην υπάρχουσα to “return” to the leaving theηpurlieus forαρχικά several reasons: high costs in money παρουσιάζει το city, γεγονός πως εργασία αναφέρεται στους όρους and timeσε to travel from the purlieus downtown, where workαναφορικά place is, lackμεofτον the αυτούς πιο γενικό επίπεδο καιtoέπειτα τις εξειδικεύει 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, τομέα που μελετάται. Πιο αναλυτικά με τον όρο «αποδοτικότητα» Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,movements (possibly)for εκφράζεται η education, ικανότητα επίτευξη ενός προσδοκώμενου Youth Unemployment.

The same year προς she left Germany and after continuous lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.την studies and research Geneva,με Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where αποτελέσματος σεinσχέση το κόστος ή τη θυσία που απαιτείται για in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and επίτευξη αποτελέσματος αυτού. Στις Οικονομικές Επιστήμες η έννοια University του College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying her work are characterizedαφορά by a passion forκύριο justice. λόγο See also: ENGLISH DICTIONARY. της αποδοτικότητας κατά τιςCOLLINS εσωτερικές λειτουργίες and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: των επιχειρήσεων και αναφέρεται στα επιτεύγματα των οικονομικών G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually μονάδων, των συστημάτων και κυρίως του προσωπικού αυτών.

137 2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

138

Η αποδοτικότητα των εργαζομένων του χρηματοπιστωτικού κλάδου σχετίζεται άμεσα με την υποκίνηση και την εργασιακή ικανοποίησή τους. Αυτό γίνεται περισσότερο κατανοητό από την ανάλυση που περιλαμβάνεται στην εργασία και υποστηρίζει πως το ανθρώπινο δυναμικό είναι το σημαντικότερο περιουσιακό στοιχείο κάθε οργανισμού. Το σύστημα των εργασιακών σχέσεων μπορεί να διαδραματίσει ένα σημαντικό ρόλο στην ανάπτυξη συνεργατικών σχέσεων στο εσωτερικό

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS περιβάλλον μιας επιχείρησης παρά το γεγονός ότιSchool αυτές of αμφισβητούνται Harvard University, Graduate Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. και πλήττονται εν μέσω οικονομικής κρίσης C. μεATHANASSOPOULOS τους σημερινούς Architect Studentγια of the School of Architecture εργαζόμενους να ανησυχούν πολύ περισσότερο την εργασιακή τους Technical University of Crete επιβίωση και ανάπτυξη. Η υποκίνηση όπως σωστά αναφέρεται, ορίζεται ως1.κάτι πολυδιάστατο, μίαDefining ένωση the πολλών παραγόντων που ωθούν το Introductory approach: concept άτομο στη δράση. Η εργασιακή ικανοποίηση είναι ένας από τους 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, BC - 370 BC, Athens), σημαντικότερους παράγοντες που αύξηση της-“principle”: απόδοσης του ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, επιφέρει he established a great the εργαζόμενου και είναι άρρηκτα συνδεδεμένη με το επίπεδο του μισθού among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the του, το εργασιακό περιβάλλον και τονif of κοινωνικό αντίκτυπο της acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, onτου this “principle” a first, not final, approach, the term 1 Based,του therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, term εργασίας εργαζόμενου ενώ αντίθετα το στρες είναι ένας απόtheτους (and urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification σημαντικότερους μείωσης τηςtheαπόδοσής του όχι η Sociology as well), asπαράγοντες the “refining” of a city area, removal from this,και (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement εργασιακή κόπωση. ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, of Το δεύτερο τμήμα της εργασίας περιλαμβάνει τηνregardless ποσοτική the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever consequences has, results also risingπραγματοποιήθηκε of land prices (and the έρευνα μεother δομημένο ερωτηματολόγιο, η οποία σεof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative δείγμα υπαλλήλων χρηματοπιστωτικών ιδρυμάτων, ώστε να potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is foundοιatαπόψεις, first in theοι UK in early 1960s and it refers to διαπιστωθούν οι αντιλήψεις, γνώσεις, οι στάσεις και οι The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor συμπεριφορές των ερωτηθέντων σχετικά και τηνof the then observed trend wealthy peopleμεtoτην buyοικονομική property inκρίση poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are αποδοτικότητά τους κατά τη διάρκειαthere αυτής.

London, upgrade them,πριν stay και themselves sometimes andΠιο thusσυγκεκριμένα, old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. για την καλύτερη κατανόηση της θεωρητικής ανασκόπησης η being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth συγκεκριμένη μελέτη έρευνα η of οποία στοχεύει A description ofperiod, thisπεριλαμβάνει phenomenon isποσοτική included inwere the recorded work Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar situations in other major στην ουσιαστική κατανόηση και ερμηνεία μίας ή και περισσότερων GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. υποθέσεων μέσα από επαλήθευση και γενίκευση υπό προϋποθέσεις των Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its ,more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more διερευνητικών υποθέσεων στοbeing επίπεδο όλου του πληθυσμού comprehensive approach are summarized below, fromκαι theαποτελεί various comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various την πλέον ενδεδειγμένη μεθοδολογία ώστε να the γίνει κατανοητή η σχέση interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, following: interpretations theμέσα phenomenon thecategory following: In a και sense, theof phenomenon dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups αιτίας αιτιατού απόisερευνητικές προβλέψεις και εκτιμήσεις. to “return” the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: in money Η toποσοτική έρευνα πραγματοποιήθηκε από high την costs Κυριακή σε and time to travel fromδείγμα the purlieus to downtown,της where work place is, lack ofστις the αντιπροσωπευτικό των υπαλλήλων Τράπεζας Πειραιώς 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, περιφέρειες Κρήτης και Βορείου Αιγαίου. Το1912-1940. δείγμα επιλέχθηκε με απλή Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, “at των the heart of the city”, στις (possibly) τυχαία δειγματοληψία εκentertainment τουsheσυνόλου εργαζομένων δύοfor Youth Unemployment.

The same year left Germany and after continuous movements lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York sheέγινε came back to London, περιφέρειες και η ανάλυση των αποτελεσμάτων μέσα απόetc.where τον in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and προσδιορισμό στατιστικών σχέσεων μεταξύ των μεταβλητών. Η University informal College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying her work are characterized by a σχεδιάστηκε passion for justice.

See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. μεθοδολογία της έρευνας κατάλληλα ώστε να επιτευχθούν οι and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: ερευνητικοί στόχοι καθώς περιλαμβάνει θεωρητικά υποδείγματα G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually στατιστικής ανάλυσης τα οποία έπονται της συλλογής των ερευνητικών

2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

στοιχείων και τα οποία χαρακτηρίζονται από την καταλληλότητα των στατιστικών υποδειγμάτων που χρησιμοποιούνται, την πληρότητα των εξαγόμενων μεγεθών και την αρτιότητα της ερμηνείας των αποτελεσμάτων. Ο ερευνητικός σκοπός της εργασίας μελετήθηκε εύστοχα μέσα από τη μελέτη των επιμέρους ερευνητικών υποθέσεων της έρευνας οι οποίες έχουν εξαχθεί από την προηγηθείσα βιβλιογραφική ανασκόπηση

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS της ερευνήτριας. Σύμφωνα με τη βιβλιογραφία, ο βαθμός αποδοτικότητας Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS των υπαλλήλων εξαρτάται από τοByβαθμό ικανοποίησης από την εργασία, Architect Student of the School Architecture από την εύρυθμη συνεργασία με τους συναδέλφους, από ofτην ομαλή Technical University of Crete επικοινωνία με τους πελάτες, από το επίπεδο του μισθού, από τις ευκαιρίες προαγωγής και από την ψυχολογική ηρεμία και σταθερότητα.

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Επίσης παρατηρήθηκε ότι ο βαθμός της των εργαζομένων είναι 1. Introductory approach: theαπόδοσης concept (444 ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, BC - 370 BC, Athens), άρρηκτα συνδεδεμένος με he τηνleft υποκίνηση και την(444 ώθησή τους μέσω της ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage us, he established a great the επαγγελματικής τους ικανοποίησης από την εργασία που επιτελούν. Μέσω among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the της ποσοτικής έρευνας επιχειρήθηκε ηdefinition διερεύνηση του βαθμού στον acquisition of knowledge starts with thein the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, theοποίο term 1 therefore, on “principle” με inindicated a τα first,θεωρητικά if (in notthe final, approach, the της term τα Based, αποτελέσματά τηςthis συνάδουν ευρήματα (and urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification βιβλιογραφίας αλλά και ofο aβαθμός οποίο from έχει this, μεταβληθεί η Sociology as well), as theακόμη “refining” city area,στον the removal (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income the placement there of κρίση, artists, αποδοτικότητα των εργαζομένων πριν καιand μετά τη συγκεκριμένη ways), of social groups, of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of μέσω συσχέτισης των usually απαντήσεων των εργαζομένων σε συγκεκριμένες the operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However this regardless whatever other has, results risingπου of “change”, land prices (and theof ερωτήσεις σχετικά με όλες τις πιθανές μεταβλητές την επηρεάζουν. whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative Τα αποτελέσματα της ποσοτικής έρευνας πολύ σωστά έπονται οι potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification foundμεταβλητών at first in the UK 1960s and it refersνα to αναλύσεις συσχετίσεωνis των πουin early ερευνήθηκαν ώστε The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor γίνεται εύκολα αντιληπτή από τον people αναγνώστη ύπαρξη σχέσης μεταξύ the then observed trend wealthy to there buyη property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof των ποιοτικών μεταβλητών που μελετήθηκαν. πραγματοποιήθηκε London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes Αρχικά there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. ανάλυση αξιοπιστίας του δείγματος ώστε να αποδειχθεί πως το σύνολο being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth τωνAαπαντήσεων της 100% αξιόπιστο. Έπειτα διενεργήθηκε description of thisέρευνας phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, whileείναι similar in other major έλεγχος Chi-Square, μέθοδος ακριβούς υπολογισμού της πιθανότητας GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other εξάρτησης τωνthe μεταβλητών, ότανResearchers. το μέγεθος του δείγματος είναι Since then, issue has several scholars and for itsμικρό, more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more με τη βοήθεια του στατιστικού προγράμματος τηνthe καλύτερη comprehensive approach are being summarized SPSS below,για from various comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various εξαγωγή των συμπερασμάτων. interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: interpretations the phenomenon of the following: In a sense, phenomenon is due togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups Από the τιςof αναλύσεις που πραγματοποίησε η category ερευνήτρια ανάγονται to “return”συμπεράσματα to the city, leavingσχετικά the purlieus several reasons: της high costs in money εύστοχα μεfor την επίδραση κρίσης στην and time to travel the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the ψυχολογία και from τη συμπεριφορά των υπαλλήλων, πριν και κατά τη 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, διάρκεια της κρίσης, σε σχέση με δημογραφικά και άλλα χαρακτηριστικά Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart ofμεthe (possibly) τους. δίνεται μία she σαφής εικόνα σχετικά τιςcity”, παραμέτρους YouthΕπιπροσθέτως Unemployment. The same year left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research την in Geneva, Prague,των London and New Yorkστην she came back to London, που επηρεάζουν απόδοση υπαλλήλων εργασία τους. Πιο in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and συγκεκριμένα, συνεργασία με τους συναδέλφους, το public επίπεδο του University informal Collegeηofομαλή London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice.

See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. μισθού, η συχνότητα προαγωγής, η κουλτούρα και η αυτενέργεια στην and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: εργασία αποδείχθηκαν ιδιαίτερα σημαντικές παράμετροι εργασιακής G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually υποκίνησης. Αντίθετα η κακή επικοινωνία με τους συναδέλφους και τους 139 2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect of theτων School of Architecture πελάτες και οι συνεχώς μεταβαλλόμενοι Student κανονισμοί ιδρυμάτων εν Technical University of Crete μέσω κρίσης είναι κάποιοι από τους παράγοντες μείωσης της υποκίνησης

140

και1. Introductory κατ επέκταση της Defining παραγωγικότητας approach: the concept των υπαλλήλων των χρηματοπιστωτικών ιδρυμάτων.

1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, Ευστόχως αναφέρεται στη μελέτη πως η(444 αποτελεί μια ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established aεργασία great the πρόκληση για τους ίδιους τους εργαζόμενους κάτι που αποδεικνύεται από among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the την έρευνα ποσοστό όσων συνεργάζονται ομαλά με acquisition ofκαθώς knowledge starts with the the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, onτο this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the τους term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated aδιάρκεια first, if (in not final, approach, the term συναδέλφους τουςurban έχει μειωθεί κατά is τη της κρίσης σε σχέση με (and gentrification) the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification το διάστημα πριν αυτή. Τοofαίσθημα και πίεσης αποτελεί το Sociology as well), as από the “refining” a city area,στρες the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andτης theremoval placement βασικότερο παράγοντα επιβράδυνσης αποδοτικότητας των ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation ofκαι art galleries, restaurants, etc. However thisπροηγούμενα “change”, regardless of εργαζόμενων όχι η εργασιακή κόπωση όπως τα χρόνια, the operation ofεπιφέρει art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results rising ofστις landδιαπροσωπικές prices (and theof γεγονός που ποικίλα προβλήματα καιthis whatever consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative σχέσεις μεother τουςspeculation). συναδέλφους τους. Αξιοσημείωτη τέλος είναι και η potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UKέχουν in earlyδιαφοροποιηθεί 1960s and it refersτα to παρατήρηση πως οι παράγοντες υποκίνησης The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor τελευταία χρόνια καθώς η προαγωγή των υπαλλήλων πλέον συνάδει the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in δεν poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof με αύξησηupgrade του μισθού τουςthemselves αλλά κυρίως με αναγνώριση και old επιβράβευση London, them, stay sometimes there and thus residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. της εργασίας που οι ίδιοι επιτελούν. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Συμπερασματικά πρόκειται για μία εργασία ιδιαίτερα αναλυτική A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar situations in other major και στοχευμένη. Διερευνήθηκε λεπτομερώς η υπάρχουσα επιστημονική GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. βιβλιογραφία ταpreoccupied χαρακτηριστικά, τιςscholars αιτίες και Since then, σχετικά the issueμε has several andτις forσυνέπειες its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for various its more της συγκεκριμένης κρίσης επίσης μελετήθηκε αναλυτικά ο comprehensive approach are καθώς being summarized below, from the comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various τραπεζικός τομέας ως προς το of εννοιολογικό πλαίσιο αλλά και την interpretations of the phenomenon gentrification,του the following: interpretations of the of thecategory following: In a sense, phenomenon is due togentrification, a trend of aσήμερα. new of social groups πορεία του the από τηνphenomenon αρχή της κρίσης μέχρι Ιδιαίτερη έμφαση to “return” to the city, leaving theοικονομικής purlieus for several costs in κλάδο money δόθηκε στην επίδραση της κρίσηςreasons: στον high τραπεζικό and time to travel purlieusαποδοτικότητας to downtown, whereτων work υπαλλήλων place is, lack ofπου the αναφορικά με from το the επίπεδο 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, εργάζονται στο συγκεκριμένο κλάδο καθώς αυτή ήταν η βασική θεματική Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of της health, education, entertainment “atΤέλος the heart of the city”, (possibly) περιοχή συγκεκριμένης εργασίας. παρουσιάστηκαν καιfor Youth Unemployment.

The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and New York she back to London, σχολιάστηκαν με inιδιαίτερα λεπτομερή ανάλυση ταcame συμπεράσματα της in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and θεωρητικής μελέτης τα περισσότερα απόher ταsocial οποία επιβεβαιώνονται και University informal College of London, where she continued research.

Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying her work characterized by a passion for justice. also: COLLINS ENGLISH από την are έρευνα πεδίου. Εν κατακλείδι η See παρούσα μελέτη είναι DICTIONARY. ιδιαίτερα and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: ενδιαφέρουσα και καλύπτει πλήρως το θέμα που αναλύεται ανάγοντας G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually ουσιαστικά και ενδιαφέροντα συμπεράσματα.

2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, DesignTypes and Construction: Definition, of intervention, Concerns of Gentrification The role of new technologies Concerns

Georgios - Spyridon C. ATHANASOPOULOS

Harvard Graduate School of Design

By Mr.University George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Master of Architecture UrbanStudent, Design Harvard University, Graduate School of in Design, Technical University of Crete

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Bachelor of Architecture Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept From Renaissance to the 21st Century 1. Introductory approach: the concept ANTISTHENIS, the characteristics ancientDefining Greek philosopher, BC - 370 Athens), One of the main of the design(444 profession is BC, the ability to ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great adapt to its synchronical changes in society. These changes take placethe in among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. various fields such as the economic realm or the social organization of a state, acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term as well as in and “principle” the sciences.

Since ages of ancient Egypt 1technology Based, therefore, on this inindicated a first,the if (in not final, approach, the and term (and urban gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification its Pyramids, the role of the architect, a term that can be translated from the 1 gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various greek language as the primary engineer, was to the try removal to invent tools, processes, Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, orways), material techniques that would serve common needs and would provide of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”,there regardless of solutions to particular problems.

In a similar way, this is also the rolethe ofof the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and technology in general, and that would be the also creation ofof knowledge, materials whatever other consequences has, results rising land prices (and the potential relative speculation). and methods that aim to facilitate life. potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to fundamental change happened atin the time Renaissance TheOne term gentrification iswealthy foundthat atpeople first in the UK early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property inofpoor was the invention of the perspective drawing.

This was seen as a cutting-edge the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof technology and“squeezed”. it altered thethemselves way in which space was perceived.

An residents equivalent London, upgrade them, stay sometimes there and thus old are being indirectly shift that takes place today would be the extensive use of digital tools in being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth design and Digitalsimilar tools offer a inwere wide range of options in GLASS at thearchitecture. same while in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major reinterpreting design and in creating particular architectural languages and cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. syntaxes.

However, theyhas also provide the opportunity the Since then, the issue preoccupied several scholars to andsimulate for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more structure of a desirable building in order to explore the performable aspects of comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various comprehensive approach are summarized below, various the design. In that way, one of thebeing main attempts of this essayfrom is to the argue that interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: the new toolsthe not only can be used vehicles thatof would In a sense, phenomenon is dueas toform-finding a trend of a new socialexplore groups new aesthetics, but at the same time, they can contribute to the development to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money of new and timetectonic to travelprinciples. from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Simulation tools Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private easier access to markets, As the role of the designer and architect to try to adopt the newetc. tools studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and car Newis York she came back to London, where in 1943 she published studies regarding city planning.

In 1950 she became teacher the According to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and that continuously emerge, it should be noted that his role would also bein to University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying critically engage with the new techniques and being able to accept or decline her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in the outcomes of the digital world.

As the new2009. simulation tools may enable the 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm adesigner variety to ofinterpret ways, in his order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, design in terms of functionality, weather and(actually light

141 2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns conditions, and stability, the results of that should not be accepted per se.

They should be critically filtered in order to provide feedback for the design.

The generation of statistical analysis and data should only be used as way to

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS redefine the strategies and principles that guide the design process.

Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Computation vs Computerization | TheStudent Traces of Design of Computational the School of Architecture At this point there is an important distinction that needs to be made Technical University of Crete

142

between the terms “computational” and “computerized” design. One aspect of Introductory approach: the concept the1.“computerized” design Defining method would be the exact replication of an 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept analytical set of information. addition to that,(444 andBC according Achim ANTISTHENIS, the ancient In Greek philosopher, - 370 BC,toAthens), ANTISTHENIS, thedesign ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he follows left us, he established amethods great the Menges, computerized the traditional(444 of design, just among the other wise heritage he leftthe us, he acomputational greatof“principle”: the acquisition ofinterface knowledge with definition of hand the content concepts. through of starts a computer.

On theestablished other design acquisition of knowledge starts withchallenging theindefinition the content ofmethods concepts.

Based, on “principle” a first,the if of not final, approach, the term shifts the therefore, discourse of this design, by conventional and 1 (and urban Based, of therefore, this “principle” inindicated a first, ifof(in not final, approach, the and term gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification processes design on through the introduction parametric models, 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various directly through the programming language of the computer.

Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of the operation ofcomputation art galleries, restaurants, etc. However regardless of Design and the broader range ofthis all“change”, its relevant toolsartists, was the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the primarily adopted by the fields of naval and aerospace engineering. The mainof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative target was to generate models of simulation that through analysis and potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first thethe UK in early in 1960s and it refers to interpretation of their results would leadinto increase performance and The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor efficiency of structures. The outcomes of the use of applied physics and the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves thus old areof applied sciences also introduced new techniques andand methods inresidents fabrication London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. and construction.

The first attempts to follow the advancements came from being indirectly “squeezed”. description ofthey this tried phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth theAindustries, as to respond to market demands customization A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work for of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major ofGLASS products.

Atsame that period, particular point, thesituations fordist model of the assembly-line at the while similar were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. production was countries, questioned and Interventions could take place cities in Western bypreoccupied otherredefined.

Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more during the then, production process in order to broaden thescholars variety of thefor products.

Since the issue has several and its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from the various comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: Nevertheless, the discourse of computational design dates way back to interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups the invention of analytical geometries and third degree algebraic equations to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money formtime Leibniz.

It could that, at a certainwhere degree theplace emergence and to travel frombe theargued purlieus to downtown, work is, lack of of the the new1.tools came as outcome of applied mathematics through the extensive term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born in sense ofThe safety atcomes thethe distributed residencies outside town centres, for Berlin, where she made her firstIn studies.

1932 she published an important entitled: use of computer otherInwords, computers the study possibility services of health,resources. education, entertainment “at the heartoffered of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment.

The same geometries year she left Germany and after continuous movements to represent non-euclidean that would take a great amount offor lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, effort to she produce by hand.

Computer offered a wide range oftobecame potentials to map in According 1943 published studies regarding city planning.

In 1950 she teacher in the to another approach, the phenomenon is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and analytical informal and complex and this was about to bring fundamental long-term effortgeometries by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. changes inreal the estate, way space for could be perceived,initially and as of result the urban way itweb, could and selling theCo depreciation part in of the in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS etc., SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: be built.

G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

Redefining Tectonics GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, At this point, before shifting to an understanding of the new design and simulation tools in terms of their practical values, it might worth to Definition, Types of intervention, Concerns of Gentrification interpret their outcomes in terms of design and aesthetics. The new design Concerns techniques have offered new ways to design space and can be criticized for

form-finding obsessions. The result of that could be the fetishization of the architectural object. But the idea that architecture should demonstrate itself

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS and expose its ambitions to lead the aesthetics discourse is a perception that Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, goes back in time. It dates back to the andC.it ATHANASSOPOULOS even goes way more ByRenaissance Mr. George-Sp. Architect back to the construction of the Parthenon. From that point of view the new Student of the School of Architecture design tools are just being used as the contemporaryTechnical vehicle that enables the University of Crete architect-designer to express his aesthetic language and vocabulary. In other 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept words, a computational design language is not necessarily a premise for an 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept expressive architectural vocabulary, the computer be the ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greekand philosopher, (444just BC happens - 370 BC,to Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the latest method of designing. among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition ofisknowledge starts with the definition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” aseek first, the if of not final, term What important, however isinto way in approach, which anythe design1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification artistic obsession or performative expression is related to a crucial aspectterm of 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various architecture, and that would be the one of tectonics. Structure was always a Sociology as as the “refining” of a city from this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually low-income andthe theremoval placement there parameter inwell), architecture andofdesign thatarea, defined the final outcome.

In the ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation ofdiscourse, art galleries, etc.technologies However this can “change”, of contemporary therestaurants, use of digital greatlyregardless contribute the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the to the field of tectonics. Even if this seems to be obvious, as engineering wasof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential always a relative discipline closely related to computation and mathematics, it could potential relative speculation). term that gentrification is found at first infor thedifferent UK in early 1960s Structure and it refers to be The claimed it is actually happening reasons. and The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor tectonics are redefined, not because of the use of the new tools by the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and old residents areof engineers, but basically of the use of thesethere tools bythus the The London, upgrade them, because stay themselves sometimes and thusdesigners. old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. new tools have“squeezed”. offered the designers the possibility of an architectural being indirectly A description this phenomenon is included in thecalculate work of Sociologist Ruth vocabulary thatofofconventional tectonics cannot by simplistic A description this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar in other major simulation andsame analytic models.

As an extension to that, form-finding GLASS at the period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. techniques have definitely lead to the emergence of what could be named as cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more “tectonic-finding” techniques.

This would be an investigation offor principles Since then, the issue has several scholars and its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from the various that, through the engagement of the digital tools, could lead to the realization comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: ofinterpretations any unconventional design, and at the same time would manage to the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups overcome construction issues.

It should be pointed out, however, that the to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money collaboration between the purlieus engineertoand the architect, wellplace as theis,blurring of and time to travel from the downtown, whereaswork lack of the the boundaries between disciplines a crucial factor for success.

And thisin 1.of The termat comes from the Sociologist Ruth is GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS for was born sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, search better Berlin,only where she happened made her first studies.the In 1932 shea published an important study entitled: could have through use of common language between the services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,movements (possibly) Youth which Unemployment.

Thethe same year she left Germany and after continuous fields, would be one of mathematics.

In other words, it might be afor lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, point in she history where it’s not tectonics define In design, but actually design in According 1943 published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

1950 she teacher in the to another approach, the is due tobecame a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and informs tectonics in by that way it challenges engineering brokers and science.

And long-term informaland effort organized groups, manufacturers, of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. probably this could beetc., an for irony ofdepreciation our times, the fact that a discipline cannot and selling realCOLLINS estate, theCo initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

143 2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

any longer challenge itself on its own, but only through the feedback of other disciplines.

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Concludingly, it may be worth to George-Sp. recall Mies C. van der Rohe’sArchitect words

By Mr. ATHANASSOPOULOS regarding the advancements that were taking place, back in the beginning of Student of the School of Architecture the twentieth century. Even if the great architect’s words refer to Technical University of Crete

144

industrialization, his ideas might be still relevant today: 1. Introductory approach: Defining concept of our “yes” or “no.” Yet it “The new era is a fact: it exists,the irrespective 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept is neither better northe worse thanGreek any other era. [...] (444 One BC thing willBC, be decisive: ANTISTHENIS, ancient philosopher, - 370 Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370problems BC, Athens), among wise ourselves heritage he us, he a great the the wayother we assert in left the face of established circumstance.

Here the of among wise leftthe us,definition hetoestablished a greatbut the acquisition of knowledge startshe with ofnot the “what” content of“principle”: concepts. the spiritother begin.

Theheritage important question ask is “how.” What acquisition of knowledge starts with the content of concepts.

Based, onwhat this “principle” indefinition aare first, not final, approach, thevalue. term goods we therefore, produce or tools wethe use notif of questions of spiritual 1 (and urban Based, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, thenew term gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification [...] Yet it istherefore, just the question of value that is decisive.

We must set up 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various values, fix our ultimate goals so that we may establish standards. For what is Sociology as well), asfor the “refining” of a city area, this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of— low-income and theremoval placement there artists, right and significant any era including thethe new era —from is this: toof give the ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of spirit the opportunity for existence.” the operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However regardless whatever other has, results risingthis of “change”, land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor BIBLIOGRAPHY the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”.

Mario.

Alphabet and the Cambridge, ACarpo, description of thisThe phenomenon is included in theAlgorithm. work of Sociologist Ruth A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Massachusetts: MIT Press, 2011.

GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major citiesCarpo, in Western countries, by other Mario.

Ten Years of Researchers.

Folding, in Greg Lynn (ed.), Folding in cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Architecture, Architectural Design. Chichester, 1993 revised edition Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from Chichester: Wiley-Academy, 2004. comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: Frampton, Kenneth.

Modern Architecture : A Critical History. Rev. interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups and enl. ed.

London: Thames and Hudson, 1985. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Kara, Hanif,from et the al.purlieus Interdisciplinary New Lessons from and time to travel to downtown,Design: where work place is, lack of the 1.

The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS was born in Architecture and Engineering.

Cambridge, MA: Barcelona: Harvard sense of safety at the distributed residencies outside town centres, search for better Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) University Graduate Schoolentertainment of Design, Actar, 2012.

Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.

Luca Digital Fabrication inNew Architecture, and studies andCaneparo. research in Geneva, Prague, London and York she cameEngineering back to London, where in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and Construction.

Dordrecht, Heidelberg, New York, London: Springer, 2014.

University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying Menges, Achim, and Design DICTIONARY. Thinking. her work are characterized by a Sean passionAhlquist. for justice. Computational See also: COLLINS ENGLISH and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, 2011.

G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, ΑΝΑΣΤΟΧΑΣΜΟΣ Επισημάνσεις συμπεράσματα Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes ofκαι Gentrification Concerns Της κυρίας Ευγ. - Μαρ. Κ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ Το Μυστήριο ήταν μία προέκταση της προσωπικότητας του

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Scriabin. Μέσα από το έργο αυτό, ο συνθέτης προσπάθησε αποτυπώσει Harvard University, Graduate School ofνα Design, Student, τις φιλοσοφικές του ανησυχίες και να τις μοιραστεί με το κοινό του. Από

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect of the School Architecture το Εισαγωγικό Πρελούδιο είχε φανεί ήδηStudent η απόπειρα του of Scriabin να Technical University of Crete ερμηνεύσει το ανεξήγητο μέσα από τη μουσική απεικόνιση της Θηλυκής και της Αρσενικής Αρχής, του Έρωτα και της Ψυχής ενώ μέσα από το Ιερό 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Ποίημα και το Ποίημα της Έκστασης οthe συνθέτης να συνδέσει 1. Introductory approach: concept προσπάθησε the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), τη ANTISTHENIS, μουσική απεικόνιση και με την ποίησή του. Στη συνέχεια, εμπνεύστηκε ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the από το μύθο του Προμηθέα και έγραψε μουσική βασισμένη στα among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the κατορθώματα του on μυθικού ήρωα, προκειμένου να αναδείξει πτυχές της acquisition of knowledge starts with the the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term ανθρώπινης ύπαρξης οι οποίες θα μπορούσαν να πλησιάσουν την θεϊκή 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification υπόσταση. Ο 1 συνθέτης εξέφρασε του ιδέες μέσα από gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a τις cityisφιλοσοφικές area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various μουσικά μοτίβα και ποιητικές ενδείξεις σχετικά με τις δυναμικές του ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of groups, of low-income and placement there ofμεartists, έργου. Η social μουσική τουusually Scriabin φαίνεται να the ήταν αλληλένδετη τις the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof φιλοσοφικές του ιδέες . whatever other consequences has, Μυστηρίου results also και rising of land prices the potential relative Ως προς speculation). την σύνθεση του των μερών του (and έργου, potential relative speculation).

The termρόλο gentrification at first in the UK in early 1960s andοitScriabin refers to σημαντικό έπαιξανisοιfound φιλοσοφικές επιρροές που δέχτηκε The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor από τα κείμενα τα οποία διάβαζε και από τους εκφραστές του πνεύματος the then observed trend of wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas of London, upgrade them, stay themselves and thus old residents της εποχής του. Το κίνημα του Συμβολισμού, το κίνημα της Θεοσοφίας,are η London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. εσχατολογία ως“squeezed”. αντίληψη της εποχής, ο εμφύλιος πόλεμος, η δυτική και η being indirectly A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth ινδική φιλοσοφία αποτέλεσαν το κοινωνικό πολιτικό της A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations includedκαι inwere the work ofυπόβαθρο Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar recorded in other major δημιουργίας του συνθέτη. Ο Scriabin επεδίωξε τη θεουργία μέσα από το GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. έργο του. Ο ίδιος, προσπάθησε να γίνει θεουργός και να καθοδηγεί τη cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more δράση μέσα στοthe Μυστήριο, ένα Μυστήριο των τεχνών. Τοfrom έργο Προμηθέας Since then, issue has preoccupied several scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various «Ποίημα της Φωτιάς» είναι ένα έργο πέρα από μουσικό, θέλει να επιδράσει interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the παρακινώντας phenomenon thecategory following: πάνω κοινό του τους συμμετέχοντες σε μια βιωματική In aστο sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups εμπειρία μέσα από τη φιλοσοφική ενατένιση. Το συνεχές μοτίβο του luce to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and travel fromστην the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the δίνειtime τη to βάση πάνω οποία κινείται το έργο μουσικά και φιλοσοφικά termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS wasbetter born in sense ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, for ενώ1.η βιωματική εμπειρία έγκειται στη συμμετοχή τουsearch κοινού, τόσο Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, entertainment “at the heart the city”, (possibly) σωματικά όσο καιeducation, πνευματικά. μουσική δηλώνει το of αρχικό χάος πριν τηfor Youth Unemployment.

The same year Η she left Germany and after continuous movements lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London andτη Newσκέψη, York she came to London, δημιουργία, τη γένεση, τη βούληση, την back αφύπνιση της in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and συνείδησης, τη χαρά της ζωής, το ερωτικό στοιχείο, τη θλίψη, την έντονη University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Μέρος εκτενούς εργασίας με θέμα: «Το Μυστήριο του Alexander SCRIABIN G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually κριτική ερμηνευτική προσέγγιση».

145 2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

επιθυμία, τον πόνο, την αγάπη, την αυτοπραγμάτωση και την κατάληξη στη Δημιουργική Αρχή μέσα από το θάνατο και την αναγέννηση. Τα μουσικά μοτίβα που χρησιμοποιεί ο Scriabin είναι βασισμένα στη φιλοσοφική του σύλληψη όσον αφορά στον Κόσμο και την ύπαρξη. Τα χρώματα και οι νέες τονικότητες ήταν δύο στοιχεία τα οποία συνέδεσε ο συνθέτης με τη μουσική του έργου του σε μια προσπάθεια να ξεπεράσει τις καλλιτεχνικές συμβάσεις της εποχής του. C. Συναισθησία, άλυτες

By Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS συγχορδίες, τριτονικοίHarvard δεσμοί, πολικότητα, ατονικότητα, University, Graduate School of Design,μυστική Student,

By Mr.παραλήρημα George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS συγχορδία οδηγούν σε ένα μουσικό που ενισχύθηκε από Architect Student of theαπό School of Architecture φιλοσοφικό συμβολισμό ο οποίος κρύβεται πίσω κάθε μουσικό Technicalόπως University of Crete μοτίβο και ιδιαίτερες δυναμικές ενδείξεις. Μοτίβα θάνατοςαναγέννηση, φως-σκοτάδι και ενδείξεις επιτέλεσης όπως μυστηριώδες 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept κάλεσμα, γλυκιά μέθη, σκοτεινή μεγαλειότητα, τελική υπέρβαση 1. Introductory approach: the conceptίλιγγος, ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), είναιANTISTHENIS, μόνο μερικά στοιχεία απόhe τα οποία καλείται υποψιασμένος the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BCο-“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage heμέσα left us, established a great the μελετητής να διεισδύσει στην καλλιτεχνική δημιουργία του Scriabin. among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the Η therefore, έμπνευση Scriabin απόif of φιλοσοφικό acquisition of knowledge starts with theμέσα the content ofπεριεχόμενο concepts.

Based, onτου this “principle” indefinition a first, not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on για this “principle” in a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the αποτέλεσε το(and έναυσμα τη μουσικήis του πρωτοποριακή σύνθεση. Με term τις urban gentrification) indicated area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification νέες συγχορδίες του δημιούργησε έδαφος γιαremoval την εξέλιξη της (in αρμονίας Sociology as well), as the “refining” of aτοcity area, the from this, various Sociology as well), as “refining” of a city area, the fromthere this,έπαψε (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and theremoval placement of στη μουσική. Από τηthe στιγμή της σύλληψης των έργων του δεν να ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operationγια of artτην galleries, restaurants, etc.την However this “change”, regardless of αγωνίζεται πραγμάτωση και προβολή του οράματός του. the operation ofconsequences art galleries, etc.also However whatever other has,φόρμα, results risingthis of “change”, land (and the Εργαζόταν διαρκώς πάνω restaurants, στη τη δομή, τα μέρηprices τα regardless οποία θαof whatever otherspeculation). has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative συνένωνε, έκανεconsequences αλλαγές ενώ δεν αποκλείεται να ενσωμάτωνε και potential relative speculation).

The termμέρη gentrification is found at first in the in early 1960s and itέργο, refersσε to ολόκληρα τα οποία προορίζονταν γιαUK ένα συγκεκριμένο The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor άλλο έργοobserved τελικά trend όπωςofφαίνεται και από το property ίδιο το in Μυστήριο, σε the then wealthy sometimes people to there buy areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves and thus oldpoor residents areof συνδυασμό πάντα με τα φιλοσοφικά του ερεθίσματα και τιςold προσωπικές London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. του ποιητικές ικανότητες. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Σύμφωνα Dernova, το καινοτόμο μουσικό αρμονικό A description ofμε thisτην phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar in other major σύστημα του Scriabin αποτελεί μοναδικό φαινόμενο στην ιστορία της GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

1 cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied otherενάτου Researchers. συνθέτης ρωσικής μουσικής του δεκάτου αιώνα Since then, the issue has several. Ο scholars andδημιούργησε for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for various its more νέες δυνατότητες μουσικής οι οποίες υπάκουαν στους δικούς comprehensive approach areέκφρασης being summarized below, from the comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various του μουσικούςof the κανόνες. Ο Scriabin προσπάθησε να ανεγείρει ηχητικά interpretations phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the of thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is due togentrification, a trend a new of social groups μοτίβα τα οποία θα phenomenon εξέφραζαν πτυχές τηςofύπαρξης και αυτό απαιτούσε to “return” the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: costs in money ένα πολύ toδυναμικό μουσικό σύστημα έκφρασης σε high σύγκριση με το and time to travel from theαρμονίας purlieus to where work place is,2.lack of the παραδοσιακό σύστημα τοdowntown, οποίο παρέλαβε ο συνθέτης termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Η προσπάθεια κατηγοριοποίησης των έργων της τελευταίας Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of του health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,movements (possibly) περιόδου Scriabin καιshe τουleftΜυστηρίου δεν είναι εύκολη υπόθεσηfor Youth Unemployment.

The όπως same year Germany and after continuous lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, studies and in Geneva, Prague, London andκαι New York she came back to London, καθώς τα research έργα περιέχουν τονικά όσο ατονικά στοιχεία ενώetc.where δεν in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and διαπιστώνεται εθνικό ή λαϊκό παραδοσιακό στοιχείο. Επίσης τα University informal College κάποιο of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 1 Demova (1979: 449).

G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 2

146

Ό.π.,σελ.447.

2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

έργα διέπονται από μία ιδιαίτερη και προσωπική χρήση της αρμονίας από την πλευρά του συνθέτη. Ο Scriabin δεν ήταν πρωτοπόρος μόνο ως προς τη μουσική σύνθεση αλλά και την επιλογή του να χρησιμοποιήσει την τεχνολογία ως μέσο υποστήριξης και πραγμάτωσης της μουσικής σύνθεσης με μοναδική χαρακτηριστική περίπτωση το Μυστήριο. Εμπνεύστηκε το tastiera per luce θέτοντας τις βάσεις για την τέχνη των πολυμέσων (multimedia art).

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Παρόλα αυτά, το έργο Harvard Προμηθέας ήτανGraduate ανέφικτο να πραγματοποιηθεί University, School of Design, Student, Mr. George-Sp. C. κατά ATHANASSOPOULOS καθώς δεν υπήρχαν τα κατάλληλαByτεχνολογικά μέσα την εποχή του Architect Student ofτου. the School Architecture Scriabin τα οποία απαιτούνταν για την επιτέλεσή Μέχρι of σήμερα δεν Technical University of Crete έχει καταστεί δυνατό να υποστηριχθεί το Μυστήριο τεχνολογικά όπως το ήθελε ο συνθέτης approach: αρχικά. Defining the concept 1. Introductory Το γεγονός ότι το Μυστήριο ήταν ένα ανέφικτο έργο φαίνεται να 1. Introductory approach: the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ενισχύεται από την άποψη του σχετικά το φιλοσοφικό του ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among otherκαι wise heritage he left us,Ivanov he established aμεgreat the περιεχόμενο εκτός από την έλλειψη τεχνολογικού εξοπλισμού. Παρόλο among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the και on ο Scriabin συμφωνούσαν αφορά στο θεουργικό που ο Ivanov acquisition of 3knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, this “principle” a first, ifόσον not final, approach, the term 1 Based, this “principle” inindicated a first, if την notthe final, approach, the term σκοπό τηςtherefore, τέχνης, οonIvanov δεν συμμεριζόταν ιδέα του Scriabin να (and urban gentrification) is (in area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification δημιουργήσει ένα συνολικό μουσικό το removal οποίο θα βασιζόταν στη Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityέργο area, the from this, (in various 4. Ο Sociology as well), as the “refining” ofτέτοια a city area, this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually low-income andthe theremoval placement there θεουργία καθώς πίστευε ότιof κάθε προσπάθεια θαfrom αποτύγχανε ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.ενισχύεται However this regardlessότι of ουτοπικός χαρακτήρας του Μυστηρίου και“change”, από το γεγονός theέργο operation artήταν galleries, restaurants, etc.also However this regardless whatever other consequences has, rising of “change”, land prices (and theof το δεν of θα εφικτό ναresults επιτελεστεί παραπάνω από μία και whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative μοναδική φορά λόγω του ιδιαίτερου φιλοσοφικού περιεχομένου του. potential relative speculation).

The term found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Την gentrification ιδιαιτερότηταis του Μυστηρίου μαρτυρά η επίμονη προσπάθεια The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor του να πετύχει τη wealthy θεουργία με μουσικούς όρους.inΠέρα από το the Scriabin then observed trend people to there buy property poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof γεγονός ότι ο συνθέτης δεν επέλεξε να χρησιμοποιήσει την old παραδοσιακή London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. αρμονία στα έργα του γίνεται εμφανές και το ότι το πρόγραμμα του being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Μυστηρίου δεν αφορούσε ένα τυπικό μουσικόinwere και έργο major αλλά A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included theορχηστρικό work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar recorded in other ξέφυγε από τα καθιερωμένα όρια μορφής και επιτέλεσης σε σημείο που να GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. αγγίζει εξωμουσικό περιεχόμενο, κάτι το οποίο κατέστησε το έργο Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has scholars andthe forνα itsήταν more ανέφικτο και ουτοπικό. Παρόλα αυτά, τοseveral έργο αυτό φαίνεται comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from various comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various περισσότερο απόρροια του κινήματος του Συμβολισμού καθώς εκείνη την interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, theείχε phenomenon is to a trend of a credo new of social groups εποχή η τέχνη συνδεθεί μεdue τοof φιλοσοφικό μιας ριζικής αλλαγής to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: costs in money της πραγματικότητας, στοιχείο το οποίο ενίσχυε και high επικροτούσε την and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, place is,σχετικά lack of the καλλιτεχνική δημιουργία μέσω της φαντασίας,where μιας work φαντασίας με 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, την αισθητική, το ερωτικό και το θρησκευτικό στοιχείο. Μέσα από την Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “atScriabin the heartκατέστη of the city”, (possibly) επιρροή του Συμβολισμού, Μυστήριο του ένα έργο for Youth Unemployment.

The sameτο year she left Germany and after continuous movements lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 3 Morrison (1998: 291).

G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 4 Ό.π.,σελ.291.

147 2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

που επιδίωξε να περάσει από το «αληθινό στο πιο αληθινό» (realibus ad realiora)5. Ο Scriabin σε συνδυασμό με τα προσωπικά του βιώματα, τις μουσικές και φιλοσοφικές του επιρροές καθώς και το πλαίσιο της εποχής κατά το οποίο έζησε και δημιούργησε το έργο του, αναζήτησε το πνευματικό στοιχείο στην τέχνη, συνέδεσε τη μουσική με τη μεταφυσική,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS θέλησε να προσφέρει Harvard στο κοινωνικό το χώρο της University,σύνολο, Graduateπλησίασε School of Design, Student,

By Mr. ATHANASSOPOULOS τεχνολογίας με πρωτοποριακές για τηνGeorge-Sp. εποχή τουC.ιδέες και έγινε ένας Architect Student of the School Architecture αγγελιοφόρος ενός υψηλού φιλοσοφικού μηνύματος με ofσκοπό να Technical University of Crete αναδείξει μία άλλη πτυχή της πραγματικότητας από εκείνη που ήταν γνωστή. Σηματοδότησε αλλαγή, την εσωτερική στροφή στο 1. Introductory approach:την Defining the concept καλλιτεχνικό έργο και τη στροφή στην εσωτερικότητα αυτή 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BCπροκειμένου ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, - 370 BC, Athens), να υποβοηθήσει καλλιτεχνικό έργο για την ανάδειξη νέων πιθανών ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise το heritage he left us, he established a great the εκφάνσεών του που μέχρι πρότινος δεν ήταν γνωστές. among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the Τοtherefore, Μυστήριο του Scriabin ναapproach, είναι ένα acquisition of knowledge starts with theτελικά the content of concepts.

Based, on this “principle” indefinition a first,φαίνεται if of not final, the έργο term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in not final, approach, οικουμενικό με ανθρωπιστικό χαρακτήρα πολύ περισσότερο απόthe το term να (and urban gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification υπηρετεί έναν εθνικό Ο χαρακτήρας τουremoval έργου παρόλα ήταν Sociology as well), as theσκοπό. “refining” of a city area, the from this,αυτά (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a ενισχύεται city area, removal fromthere this, (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of αυτό low-income andthe theαν placement of αντιφατικός και το στοιχείο ανατρέξει κανείς στο ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of μέγεθος τωνofσυμμετεχόντων σε σχέση με το Πρόγραμμα του έργου το the operation ofconsequences artφιλοσοφικό galleries, restaurants, etc.also However regardless whatever other has, results rising of “change”, land prices (and theof οποίο ήταν βαθιά και απευθυνόταν σε this μυημένο κοινό. whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative Παρόλα αυτά, ο φιλοσοφικός και μουσικός μίτος του Scriabin potential relative speculation).

The term found at first in για the UK early 1960s συνολική and it refersόχι to οδηγεί στο gentrification συμπέρασμαisότι πρόκειται μια inδημιουργία The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor μόνο σχετικά μεtrend την wealthy καλλιτεχνική οποίαof the then observed people toπολλαπλότητα buy property in την poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are χρησιμοποίησε οthem, συνθέτης μέσα sometimes στο Μυστήριο αλλά καιresidents με την London, upgrade stay themselves there and thus old are being indirectly “squeezed”. φιλοσοφική πολλαπλότητα η οποία πήγαζε από γερμανικά κείμενα όσο being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth και Aκείμενα δυτικής φιλοσοφίας συνδυασμό και ofμεSociologist description ofperiod, this phenomenon isσε included inwere the recorded work Ruth GLASS at the same while similar situations inτην otherινδική major φιλοσοφία. Το αποτέλεσμα όλων των φιλοσοφικών αυτών εμπνεύσεων GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, byμε other τις οποίες συνδύασε το Researchers. χαρακτηριστικό και μοναδικό Since then, the issueμαζί has preoccupied several scholars and for μουσικό its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars forπαρόλο its more σύστημα του ο Scriabin ήταν σύνθεση του Μυστηρίου, τοand οποίο comprehensive approach are ηbeing summarized below, from the various comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various που ήταν ένα of έργο ανέφικτο, αποτελεί απτή απόδειξη ότι η μουσική του interpretations the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: Scriabin εμπεριέχει χαρακτηριστικά οποία μεταφέρουν τη In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trendτα of a new of social groups to “return” to the city, the purlieus for several high costs in συνειδητότητα του leaving ακροατή και θεατή που ταreasons: παρακολουθεί σεmoney έναν and time to κόσμο travel from the purlieus to downtown, work place is, lack ofμιας the υπαρκτό ελευθερίας που αποτελεί where αναπόσπαστο μέρος 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, ευρύτερης Αρμονίας. Αυτή την Αρμονία ακούμε χωρίς κατ’ανάγκη να Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the (possibly) κατανοούμε με όχημα ύβρη του ο city”, οποίος έκλεψεfor Youth Unemployment.

Theτην sameπρομηθεϊκή year she left Germany andσυνθέτη after continuous movements lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.του studies and research in Geneva, London and Newγια York να she came back το to London, where από τους θεούς τη φωτιάPrague, της δημιουργίας φτιάξει δικό in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and ποίημα της φωτιάς, το Μυστήριο.

University College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 5

148

Brown (1979:51).

2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Types Intervention, TheDefinition, Greek Haircut and theof positions of Investors1

Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification

By Argyrios BENTENIOTIS Attorney at Law, Concerns

LLM International Law,M. Sc. Human Resources Management, PhD Candidate

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, A Collective Action Clause (CAC) leaves C. theATHANASSOPOULOS supermajority of

By Mr. George-Sp. Architect bondholders to conclude to a debt restructuring, which binds in legal Student of the School of Architecture Technical Universitytoof Crete terms all the bondholders even if they have not agreed the

restructuring.2 In 2012 the Greek Government introduced a retrofit CAC 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept with1. Introductory a threshold of 75% Defining with thetheencouragement concept (444 BC -of370International ANTISTHENIS,approach: the ancient Greek philosopher, BC, Athens), 3 Under Monetary Fund (IMF) and the European Central Bank (ECB). the ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the International Investment Protection Law point of content view there is an issue among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a great the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the of“principle”: concepts. arising from losses that the had, as many ofofthem doterm not acquisition of the knowledge starts withinvestors theindefinition the content concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the 1 (and Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, term want to rely onurban payments on Credit Default Swaps totheseek gentrification) is area ofbut Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban 4 gentrification gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various compensation instead. The bondholders, that did not wish the debt Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, of low-income andthe the value placement there of artists, restructuring which usually by definition reduced of the bonds and ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However “change”, regardless of 5 could be seen as violation of obligations under BITs , would try to get the operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However this “change”, regardless of whatever other has, results rising of land prices (and the compensation for their losses.has, Even, the investors who agreed with the whatever other consequences results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). swap could pursue claims in the basis of a discriminatory treatment as potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to other lenders such as and ECB didinnot analogous haircut on The term gentrification found atpeople first the UK in early 1960s and itareas refers the then observed trendIMF ofiswealthy to accept buy property in poor ofto

the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofarticle this phenomenon is situations included inwere theInvestment work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS1at same period, recorded in other major Thethe present is while part ofsimilar the thesis titled “How Law disciplines GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities Western countries, by otherand Researchers. states’inpossible responses to financial economic crises. From Argentina to Greece and cities inelaborated Western countries, byInternational other Researchers.

Since then, the has preoccupied andCollege for itsLondon more Cyprus” forissue the LLM Lawseveral Programscholars of University Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more (UCL). comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from 2 comprehensive approach being summarized from the various Collective Action are Clauses (CAC) http://www.nasdaq.com/investing/ interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: glossary/c/collective-action-clause accessed 18 Augustof2014.

In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend a new of social groups 3 MatinaStevis, ‘2nd UPDATE: Greece To Introduce Retroactive Action to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: highCollective costs in money Clauses-Source’, (The Wall Street Journal, 9 January 2012) and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the accessed 9 August 2014. http://online.wsj.com/article/BT-CO-20120109-710447.html 1.

The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS was born in sense of4safety at the distributed residencies outside town centres, search for better Berlin, where she made her first studies.vs.

In 1932 she published importantand entitled: Ioannis Glinavos, ‘Investors Greece: The heart Greekan Investor services of health, education, entertainment “at the of'Haircut' the city”,study (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for accessed 9 August Arbitration Under BIT's’ (2012), http://ssrn.com/abstract=2021137 lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, 2014. in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and 5 University CollegeGlinavos, of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public and Ioannis ‘Haircut Undone?

The Greek Drama brokers and Prospects for long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work areArbitration’, characterized(Journal by a passion for justice. SeeDispute also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. Investment ofdepreciation International 11 Juneweb, 2014) and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for the initially ofSettlement, part of the urban in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: accessed 9 http://jids.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2014/06/11/jnlids.idu008.full G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually August 2014.

149 2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification a. Jurisdictional issues Concerns The investigation of jurisdiction is the first step for an investor

their holdings of Greek Debt6. An example is German investors seeking lawsuits because of the debt restructuring in Greece.7 seeking to rely on the BIT in question. The examination of the terms Mr. George-Sp. C. the ATHANASOPOULOS “investor” and “investment” mustBytake place under BIT and Article Harvard University, Graduate School of Student, 25 of ICSID Convention. Thus if the home State of theDesign, investor has

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect concluded to a BIT with Greece the investor qualifies as protected entity Student of the School of Architecture 8. The second and as well under Article 25 of the ICSID Convention Technical University of Crete question regarding the existence of an “investment” requires a case-by1. Introductory Defining the concept case examinationapproach: in order to investigate whether bonds qualify as 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept ANTISTHENIS, ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370light BC, Athens), throw to this investments.

The the Abaclat v Argentina case9 could ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the question. Before the examination of the case a definition for bonds must among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. be given. ofBonds arestarts “country debt instruments acknowledging acquisition knowledge with thein definition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term indebtness and repayment principal and interest on term an 1 (andpromising Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated aoffirst, if (in notthe final, approach, the urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 10 1 earlier advance of money.” gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various The Abaclat v Argentina includes a dispute for whether the Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), ofinsocial groups, usually of low-income and11 thethis of artists, treaty question (Argentina-Italy BIT ) placement covered bonds as the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever otherThe consequences has,that results also rising of land prices (and theof investments. tribunal held security entitlements arising from

whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation).

6 The term gentrification is found Glinavos, ‘Investors vs.

Greece’at(nfirst 4). in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The7 term gentrification is found at first in the UKseek in early 1960s andGreek itareas refers the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property inover poor ofto James Wilson and GerritWiesmann, ‘Germans lawsuits debt the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are swap’, (Financial Times, 12 March 2012) http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/79ed422c-6c67-of London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”.

11e1-bd0c-00144feab49a.html#axzz3BEk0lKuy accessed 9August 2014.

8 being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of on thisthe phenomenon in the work of Sociologist Convention Settlement isofincluded Investment Disputes between StatesRuth and A description ofperiod, this(opened phenomenon is situations included inwere the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS atofthe same whilefor similar recorded in into other major Nationals Other States signature 18 March 1965, entered force 14 GLASS at the same period, situations recorded in other major cities in Western countries, bywhile othersimilar Researchers.

October 1966) (‘ICSID Convention’) available atwere https://icsid.worldbank.org/ cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more ICSID/StaticFiles/basicdoc_en-archive/ICSID_English.pdf accessed at 9 August 2014.

9 Since then, the issue has several below, scholars and for various its more Abaclat etapproach al v Argentina (ICSID Case no ARB/07/5, Decisionfrom on Jurisdiction and comprehensive arepreoccupied being summarized the comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various Admissibility, August 2011) at <https://icsid.worldbank.org/ICSID/ interpretations of4 the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: FrontServlet?requestType=CasesRH&actionVal=showDoc&docId=DC3130_En&caseId=C95 In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups > accessed 17 August 2014; see also Ambiente Ufficio SpA et al v Argentina (ICSID no to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in Case money No. ARB/08/9, Decision on Jurisdiction and Admissibility, 8 February 2013) and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the athttps://icsid.worldbank.org/ICSID/FrontServlet?requestType=CasesRH&actionVal=show 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies.

In 1932 she published an important study entitled: Doc&docId=DC2992_En&caseId=C340 accessed17 August 2014. services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment.

The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for 10 M Waibel ‘Opening Pandora’s Box: Sovereign Bondsback in toInternational lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to London, Arbitration’ 101 The American Journal ofplanning.

International Law 711, 719. in According 1943 she(2007) published studies regarding cityphenomenon In 1950 she became teacher in the to another approach, the is due to a systematic and 11 UniversityAgreement College of London, where continued her social Her public and between the she Argentine Republic and research. the Republic of Italy on the long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying her work are characterized

by Investments, a passion for justice. also: COLLINS ENGLISHinto DICTIONARY. Promotion and Protection of signed See oninitially 22 May force and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation of1990, part entered of the urban web,14 in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: October 2004 (Argentina-Italy BIT) at <http://www.sice.oas.org/Investment/ G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

150

BITSbyCountry/BITs/ARG_Italy.pdf> accessed 17 August 2014.

2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

sovereign bonds traded in the second market could qualify as investments under the BIT in question and Article 25 of ICSID Convention. However the arbitrator Abi-Saab dissenting opinion demonstrated that bonds, which bought on the secondary market, could not establish investment12. On the same issue, although the different reasoning, Waibel applies the Salini criteria13 to the purchasers on the Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS secondary market for not long By periods of timeC.and who have not Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, contributed to the host State and concludes that they should not be

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect 14 that bonds bought on the benefited . On the other hand the fact Student of the School of Architecture secondary market does not mean that their buyers are not protected as Technical University of Crete nationals under a BIT. Moreover, the Fedax v Venezuela15tribunal 1. Introductory approach: the concepthas not changed even if a supported that the nature Defining of the investment 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, subsequent endorsement of the notes have taken place, the investment ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the can remain constant and the issuer can enjoy credit benefit until the among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. notes become due. Thusstarts despite thatdefinition the notes the were not bought in the acquisition of knowledge with the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if of not final, approach, the term domestic excluded from as foreign investment.

1 (and are Based,market therefore, onnot this “principle” inindicated aqualify first, if (in not final, approach, the term urban gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 The Abaclat decision gives hope to investors seeking tovarious bring gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in claims under BITs provisions against sovereign workouts.

In spite of Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), social groups, usually low-income thethis placement there of artists, the factofthat tribunal didofnot rule onand whether compensation was the operation ofthe art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of 16of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences of land prices payable, its value consists onhas, thatresults bondsalso can rising be protected under (and a BIT.the whatever other consequences has, results also rising land prices (and the 17 as of potential relative covered investment Moreover manyspeculation).

BITs face “any kind of asset” potential relative speculation).

Thethey terminclude gentrification at firstexplicitly in the UK other in earlyBITs 1960slist andsovereign it refers to thus bondsis found and more

The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof 12 upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are London, being indirectly “squeezed”.

Abaclat et al v Argentina (ICSID Case no ARB/07/5, Dissenting Opinion of being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon in the work of Sociologist Ruth Arbitrator Abi-Saab, 28 October 2001) isatincluded <http://italaw.com/sites/default/files/caseA description ofperiod, this phenomenon is2014. included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar situations in other major documents/ita0237.pdf> accessed 17 August 13 at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major GLASS cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

SaliniConstruttoriSpA v Morocco, ICSID Case no ARB/00/4, Decision on cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue scholars for its more Jurisdiction, 23 July 2001 parahas 52; The Salini criteriaseveral for investment: (i) aand contribution; (ii) a Since then, the has scholars andthe foreconomic its more certain duration; (iii) issue assumption of risksummarized and several (iv) contribution to comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being below, from the various comprehensive approach areinvestment. being summarized from the various development of the host state of the interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: 14 interpretations the phenomenon of thecategory following: WaibelM Waibel ‘Opening Pandora’s Box: Bondsofinsocial International In a sense, theof phenomenon is due togentrification, a trend of Sovereign a new groups Arbitration’ (2007) 101 The American Journal of International Law 723. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money 15 Fedax NVfrom v Venezuela (ICSIDtoCase no ARB/96/3, Award,place 3 March 1998) at and time to travel the purlieus downtown, where work is, lack of the accessed 10 <http://www.italaw.com/sites/default/files/case-documents/ita0316_0.pdf> 1.

The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS was born sense of safety at the distributed residencies outside town centres, search for betterin Berlin,2014. where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: August services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment.

The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for 16 Glinavos, ‘Investors vs.

Greece’ (nprivate 4). and car lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from access markets, etc.where studies 17 and research in Geneva, Prague, London Neweasier York she came to back to London, Seepublished for Article 1(1) of the Agreement the Federal Republicin of in According 1943 she studies regarding city planning.between In 1950 sheto became teacher the to eg. another approach, the phenomenon is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public and Germany and the Republic the Philippines for the Promotion and Reciprocal Protection long-term informal effortofby organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying work are characterized

by April a passion forentered justice. into See also: ENGLISH DICTIONARY. ofher Investments, signed 18 1997, forceCOLLINS 1ofFebruary 2000 (Philippinesand selling realCOLLINS estate,on etc., for the depreciation initially part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: accessed Germany BIT) at file:///Users/apple/Downloads/Philippines_Germany_BIT.pdf G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 10 August 2014.

151 2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

bonds as investments18. From what is mentioned until now it is understandable that there is no explicit answer for the qualification of bonds as investment.

A problem that may arise concerning the Greek case is whether the Greek bonds are contractual or not, an element that could lead to their exclusion from the jurisdiction of Investment Tribunals. If the CAC

By Mr. ATHANASOPOULOS introduction qualify as a sovereign act,George-Sp. brings anyC.dispute resulting of 19 Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, the them under the protection of a BIT. Thus in the Greek case where

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect 20 CACs were introduced by an Act of the Greek Parliament could Student of the School of Architecture 21 It someone agree with the decision of the Abaclat vTechnical Argentina tribunal.

University of Crete must stated here that the Greek Council of State when it examined the 1. Introductory approach: the concept harmony between the PSIDefining Settlement with the Greek Constitution and 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept the ancient Greek philosopher, BC - 370 BC, Athens), adopting the argument theANTISTHENIS, European Convention of Human Rights22 by(444 ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the that the haircut was a voluntary decision from the majority of the among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. bondholders, concludestarts that bondholders have notof concepts. claim for acquisition of knowledge with the the content Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term compensation.

1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification

1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various b.

Defining violation Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, Under a BIT an expropriation can be occurred in accordance the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of landisprices (and the theof with International Law standards.

Thus the question whether whatever otherspeculation). consequences has,the results also rising of land (and the potential relative haircut enforced under CACs by Greek Parliament act prices constitutes a potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to compensable expropriation. Actions that characterized by high levels of The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trendwith ofiswealthy to buy property in poor economic interference the property as as withof the then observed trend wealthy peopleoftothe buyinvestors property inwell poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are their rights resulting in themselves significantsometimes losses can London, upgrade them, stay therejustify and thusexpropriation. old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”.

Simultaneously these actions are not just a breach contractRuth but being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description ofasthis phenomenon is included in the work ofof Sociologist alsoAandescription exercise of sovereignty, such as in Abaclat, a haircut a part of ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar inas other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major a restructuring of a by sovereign debt is a significant regulatory cities in Western countries, other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then,by the issuehaving has several andexpectations for its more intervention State interference withscholars investor’s Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: 18 interpretations of the phenomenon of the following: See for Article 1(d) ofisthe between Government Unitedgroups States In a sense, theeg. phenomenon dueTreaty togentrification, a trend of athe new category ofofsocial of America and the Government of Republic of Honduras concerning the encouragement to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and reciprocal protection of investment, on 1 July 1995,work entered intois,force and time to travel from the purlieus tosigned downtown, where place lack11 of July the 2001 (US-Honduras) BIT (1995) available at <http://www.state.gov/ 1.

The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS was born in sense of safety at the distributed residencies outside town centres, search for better Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published entitled: documents/organization/43563.pdf>accessed 10 August services of health, education, entertainment “at the2014. heartan ofimportant the city”,study (possibly) Youth Unemployment.

The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for 19 Glinavos, Glinavos, ‘Investors vs.

Greece’ (n 4). lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, 20 Greek Nostudies 4050/2012, ‘Rules of Amendment of issued orteacher guaranteed in According 1943 she published regarding city planning.

In 1950 sheto became in the toLaw another approach, the phenomenon is titles due a systematic and College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her and byUniversity the Hellenic Republic with the Bondholder’s agreement’ enactedbrokers 23 public February 2012 long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized a passion for justice.

See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. (Government Gazette of etc., thebyHellenic Section A’, Issue and selling real estate, for the Republic, depreciation initially of No part36,of23.02.2012). the urban web, in 10th edit.

21 Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Glinavos, ‘Investors vs.

Greece’ (n 4).

G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 22

152

Greek Decision (Greek Council of State 1116-1117/2014, 21 March 2014).

2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

that can lead to a significant reduction in value and thus can be interpreted as expropriation.23 As Greece has signed 43 BITs24 with other countries and inside some of them have similar provisions like those discussed in Abaclat, if the interpretation given by the Abaclattribunal applied to these BITs then Greece would have violated its international obligations and thus owe a prompt, adequate and

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS effective compensation.25 Harvard University, School Design, Student, Moreover, concerning possible Graduate allegations forofdiscrimination,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect investors cannot complain for beneficial treatment to domestic Student of the School of Architecture creditors as in the case of Greece have not been preferred butofthey Technical University Crete could potentially complain for discriminatory treatment against them in 1. Introductory approach: Defining concept relation with other lenders such the as ECB, IMF and EU member state 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, ancient Greek philosopher, central banks that the they had not taken comparable measures (haircuts) ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the 26 on their holdings of Greek debt.

among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term c. therefore, Greek 1 (and Defences Based, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term urban gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban After investors overcome hurdles would gentrification gentrification) isarea, indicated (in the areathis, ofthey Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of athe cityjurisdictional the removal from (in various face defences that Greece may have.

The defences could be either based Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), social groups, usually low-income and placement there ofbased artists, on the of necessity doctrine or of force majeure as the well as to a treaty the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, alsothe rising of clause. land prices (and theof defence similar to the doctrine of results necessity, NPM whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential speculation).

Asrelative for the necessity doctrine it is examinable whether it can potential relative speculation).

Thefor termGreece. gentrification is found at cases first in are the UK in early 1960s andArgentina it refers to work The Argentine again illustrative.

The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor invoked the argument that it hadpeople not other because of the the then observed trend wealthy to there buychoices property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof 27. It is not severe economic crisis but to endorse the measures it did London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. clear if economic crisis can fall within the scope of necessity doctrine being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth andAthus argument ofwhile Argentina could also possibly by description ofperiod, this phenomenon is that included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the the same similar situations ininvoked other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Greece by interpreting economic interest as “essential interest” and cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has severaltoscholars andthe for scope its more crisis as “grave and imminent peril” in order fall within of Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various necessity doctrine may fall. Moreover the contribution of the State is an comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, following: important element that if the tribunal find it, itthe cannot accept the use of interpretations the phenomenon of thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is due togentrification, a trend ofthe a new of social necessity doctrine by the State.

Concerning invocation of force groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the 23 Glinavos, ‘Haircut (n5). termat comes fromUndone?’

Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, 24 Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: UNCTAD, Bilateral Investment Treaties Signed by Greece http://unctad.org/ services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Sections/dite_pcbb/docs/bits_greece.pdf accessed 9New August 2014. lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private easier access markets, etc.where studies 25 and research Geneva, Prague, London and car York she came to back to London, Glinavos, ‘Haircut Undone’ (n 125). in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and 26 UniversityGlinavos, College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and ‘Haircut Undone’ (n 5). long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying 27are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. her work Preal Di Rosa P Dietc., Rosafor ‘‘The Recent Wave ofinitially Arbitrations Against Argentina under and selling estate, theCo depreciation of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Bilateral Investment Treaties: background and Principal Legal Issues’ (2004) 36(1) InterG. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually American Law Review 65.

153 2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

154

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various majeure the arguments used plea ofthe necessity canthere be used also Sociology as well), as the “refining” ofthe a city area, from this, (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of for low-income and theremoval placement of ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, for the use of force majeure as an excuse of expropriatory acts. the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However regardless whatever other has, results risingthis of “change”, land prices (and theof whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potentiald.relative speculation).

Considerations potential relative speculation).

The term taken, gentrification found at first in the in early 1960s and refers to Decisions like isthe purchases of UK Greek bonds in itunstable The 28 term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor ,observed raised lot of questions.

Political can have a crucial periods the then trend wealthy sometimes people to aspects buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves there and thus old residents areof role to global community.

International Investment Protection Law London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. must take these aspects into consideration and try to discipline them as being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth well.A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Moreover, in theby Greek it is explicit that Greece will face a cities in Western countries, other case Researchers. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

Since then, of the issue has preoccupied several and for its more big number claims.

Tribunals must take scholars into consideration the Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various contribution that IMF and ECB had to the policies adopted by the Greek comprehensivethe approach are being summarized from the various interpretations phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: Government. ofEven the argument that investors could have for interpretations the phenomenon gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof toof a trend of a new of social groups discriminative treatment because the ECB’s untouchable bonds was to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money ECB’s demand. The Continental Casualty tribunal’s approach on this and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the matter can beatcomes athe form ofSociologist guide.

1.of The term from Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and 28 UniversityMichele College of London, where she continued her social research.

HerWhy public and Kambas, Stephen Grey, SteliosOrphanides, ‘Insight: did Cypriot long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying her work keep are characterized byGreek a passionbonds’, for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. banks buyingetc., (Reuters, April 2013) and selling realCOLLINS estate, for theCodepreciation initially of 30 part of the urban web, at in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: <http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/04/30/us-cyprus-banks-investigation-insightG. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually idUSBRE93T05820130430> accessed 10 August 2014.

2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

155 2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

ούσεις, ανισότητες, εντάσεις και άσεις. Ένας τέτοιος Εκπαιδευτικός, 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1.

Introductory Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ληλα με την προσπάθειά να ANTISTHENIS,approach: the του ancient Greek philosopher, αμπαδεύσει τη γνώση στους ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise αναπτύξει heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: τές του, acquisition επιδιώκει να of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. αυτής την νοημοσύνη την Based, therefore, onκαι this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification τους στάση.

1

gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, Ενδεικτική βιβλιογραφία ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of Γκότοβος the Αθ., Μαυρογιώργος Γ., operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof ωνσταντίνου Παν.: Κριτικήhas, results also rising of land prices (and the whatever otherspeculation). consequences potential relative γωγική καιpotential Εκπαιδευτική Πράξη. relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to εις Gutenberg, Αθήνα, 1996.

The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor Κασσωτάκης Μιχ., Φλουρής Γ.: the then observed trend wealthy people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are ση και being Διδασκαλία: σύγχρονες indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. ις για τις διαδικασίες μάθησης και is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description of this phenomenon A description of this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth at the same period, while similar in other major θοδο τηςGLASS διδασκαλίας. Ιδιωτική GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. η, Αθήνα, 2006. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Φλουρής SinceΓ.: Αναλυτικά Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from άμματα για μια νέα εποχή στην comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: δευση. Εκδόσεις Γρηγόρης, Αθήνα, interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Χατζηγεωργίου Ι.: from Γνώθι το to downtown, where work place is, lack of the and time to travel the purlieus ulum: γενικά και ειδικά θέματα 1.

The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense of safety at the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies.

In 1932 she published an important study entitled: τικών Προγραμμάτων και services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for ικής. Εκδόσεις Αθήνα, lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies andΆτροπος, research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

156

2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types ofinIntervention, Implementations of Web 2.0 academic libraries

Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Kiki ZENIOU Concerns BLISc,By MBA | Librarian

The evolution of technology is rapid, within a few years we moved from

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Web 1.0 to Web 2.0 and will soon be discussions on Web 3.0.4Student, These By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect changes are found in both the daily needs of modern societies that Student of the School of Architecture people seek, with knowledge and career Technical prospects, and the University of Crete requirements of users of libraries who do not seem to be met by the 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept services they provide.

The Web 2.0 services and libraries go a step 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept ANTISTHENIS, thethe ancient Greek2.0. philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), further by creating Library The term Library 2.0 was first ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage heKen left Chad us, heand established a great the reported

by Michael Casey, Paul Miller in 2005 who tried among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. to implement the services of Web 2.0 in libraries. The definition of the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term termBased, Library 2.0 was discussed several times yetfinal, there is something 1 (and therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in not approach, the term urban gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban definite to determine the precise meaning.

To(inimprove the services gentrification gentrification) indicated thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various provided to users by the academic libraries the active participation of Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the librarians isgroups, required.

The must understand the potential ways), of social usually of librarian low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of Web other 2.0 services and learn to use new whatever consequences has, results alsothose rising of landtools prices(Twitter, (and theof whatever other consequences has, results alsotools rising of land the potential relative speculation).

Del.icio.us, Youtube, Blogger, etc.).

Web 2.0 should beprices used (and by the potential relative speculation).

The to term gentrification is found at first in the in earlybetter 1960s and it refers to users, see whether using these tools canUK provide services and The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor meet their needs in the best possible way. All research centres in the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade stay of themselves and thus old residents areof general have tothem, examine how Web 2.0 services both the London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes thereto andimprove thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. services they provide to their audience and the communication and being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth cooperation thephenomenon organization among employees - librarians.

IfRuth it A description ofperiod, this is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist GLASS at the within same while similar in other major is found that library users are using the 4 Third Generation Network.

GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied otheranywhere' Researchers.

Web 3.0 "is seamless business, entertainment and Since then, the issue'anytime, has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied scholars and19 forinternet its more comprehensive approach arereliable being summarized from the various social networking over fast and several secure below, networks." comprehensive approach summarized fromthe thelibrary various interpretations of the phenomenon ofits gentrification, thebelow, following: for their research rather are thanbeing printed material, then interpretations the phenomenon of thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is due togentrification, a trend a new social groups should develop the services available onofthe internet toofattract their to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money interest. A Wiki is a website whose content is created and enriched by and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the users. Users do notfrom need specialRuth computer skills to create it. It iswas a Web termat comes Sociologist GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, better 2.0 tool that libraries to communicate with their users.

Because Berlin, where she made hercan firstuse studies.

In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for itYouth is easy tocost use library can use it and in car conjunction with the public in lower living of,the “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London Neweasier York she came to back to London, various ways. theapproach, Wikis libraries can meet needs of both their in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 she teacher in the toUsing another the isthe due tobecame a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and users and the organization itself.

The Library 2.0 can use a Wiki to long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially part of the urban in promote the intercommunication use2009. it asWIKIPEDIA: a of research guide.

Aweb, Wiki 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. or London The Free Encyclopedia: Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: wetzel/gentry.htm acan variety ways, in library’s order Abstract. to achieve “assisted”, resource “voluntary”, (actually also of make the site http://www.uncanny.net/ be the a community from which 157 2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

158

they can obtain information beyond and will provide to the library audience useful information. Libraries are organisations that have to do with people - customers. Information is the material to enable users and to help them gain ground they will need to know how to get advanced and evolved. A wellorganized Wiki could do this job for them. Users could use it for research purposes and to obtain information on issues

By Mr.in George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS that affect them and their interest more general level. In some Harvard University, Graduate School of Student, libraries, the staff does not have the knowledge to build Design, the homepage

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect of the library, a Wiki is very easy toStudent set up without any HTML of the School of Architecture knowledge and can be used as the main website Technical of the academic library.

University of Crete The social networks are also tools of the Web 2.0 services that provide Introductoryfor approach: Defining the concept the1.opportunity libraries to interact with their users. It is one way of 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, communication within young people and it is very important for ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the academic libraries to approach young users through them.

Generally, among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. the libraries must be aware andthe respect the way the users get their acquisition of knowledge starts with the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term information, it is urban the way to improve the they provide 1 (and Based, therefore, on only this “principle” inindicated a first, if notservices final, approach, the term gentrification) is (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 otherwise they will lose audience.

Social networks provide users gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, oftheir Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various the ability to upload videos or photos.

Libraries can take advantage of Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, these functions for self-promotion.

Posting several images there or videos of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, resultsetc.) also can rising of land prices (and the theof the library (building, interior, reading highlight and show whatever otheruniqueness consequences has,library. results The also transition rising of land prices the potential relative speculation). character and of the from the (and classic potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification found at use first in UK networks in early 1960s and it refers to library to Library 2.0 isisout.

The of the social is another step The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor inthe that direction.

The approach of young is property a problem several then observed trend wealthy peopleusers to there buy in that poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof libraries come across today.

Social networks the interest London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes can therestimulate and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. ofbeing users, giving them the feeling of modern and sophisticated model indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth library.

A the library can lists or islinks to the most popular 20 A description of thiscreate phenomenon included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at same period, while similar situations in movies, other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major the most popular actorsbyorother musicians, information that is of interest to cities in Western countries, Researchers. cities inusers Western countries, byanyway. other Researchers.

Since then,that the issuelook has preoccupied several scholars for to itsknow more young will It is important for theand users Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various that their library provides such information, it brings them closer comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon gentrification, the following: together and creates a feeling ofoffamiliarity.

Users have the need to feel interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new of socialseveral groups the library as something familiar because many of them spend to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money hours a week studying in its premises. This can be achieved by a helpful and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the and1.friendly theresidencies library’s blog.

Usually libraries have abetter webin termstaff fromby Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS was born sense ofThe safety atcomes theand distributed outside town centres, for Berlin,which where she made her first studies.

In 1932 she wants published an important study entitled: page, can be visited by anyone who to know the library or services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for search through the onlinePrague, catalogue.

The website of the to library is aetc. very lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private easier access markets, studies and research in Geneva, London and car New York she came back to London, where in According 1943tool, she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 she teacher in the useful but somewhat impersonal.

By creating atobecame blog the library to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying comes even closer to the users. Within a Blog the staff has the her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCo depreciation initially of part the urban web,to in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: opportunity to post, giving users the opportunity to of know better, Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm ashare variety of concerns ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, (actually their and comment about anything.“voluntary”, Creating a Blog is a

2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

very easy and inexpensive procedure almost because there are free online. Many libraries already have their own blog primarily to inform the public about anything new happening with regard to the library on time. Library 2.0 is the second generation library which provides users with more sophisticated services. Among those services the library’s

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS catalogue is included.

Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, The OPAC 2.0 is the advanced form of the OPAC5 catalogue.

Initially, it

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect is worth mentioning that the OPAC catalogue is a database that exists Student of the School of Architecture on the Internet, in which libraries register their material.

The OPAC Technical University of Crete helps both librarians and users to identify the material they are 1. Introductory the concept searching for andapproach: know itsDefining state (Dwell, borrowed, available) and also 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), the ancient Greek philosopher, its ANTISTHENIS, location (this applies to libraries that have annexes). OPAC 2.0 is the ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other of wise heritage he left us,in he established acatalogue. great the application Web 2.0 services the classic(444 OPAC 2.0 among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. provides more specificstarts search, with an easy way using Boolean acquisition of knowledge with the the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term Operators.

(Sierra, 2007) Search results areif sorted according to the 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) is (in area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 frequency in which the term appears.

With the evolution of technology gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various the needs have increased and the requirements of users from the Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, of2.0 low-income and thethis placement there of artists, libraries as of well.

Theusually OPAC assists libraries to provide the best the operation art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences results of land prices (andfirst theof possible results for research.has, The RSS also Feedrising as mentioned in the whatever other consequences has, results also rising landcan prices the potential relative speculation). part of the study is the quickest and easiest wayofyou use(and when potential relative speculation).

The termwants gentrification is found at first in the UK in early and on it refers someone to be informed of anything new is1960s posted the to 5 The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor Online Public Access Catalog 21 websites of their interest.

The RSS Feed the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof can be equally useful the library, since librarians canthus useold it to provide London, upgrade them,in stay themselves sometimes there and residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. new information to users quickly and easily.

Libraries usually have being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth several websites with about library materials, premises for A description of this information phenomenon is situations included inwere the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major public they serve.

Often the main site on can find activities like cities in Western countries, by on other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then,events, the issuepresentations, has several scholars for its more conferences, reports that wouldand interest their Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various users to learn about without forcing them to constantly visit more the comprehensivethe approach are being summarized from the various interpretations phenomenon gentrification, thebelow, following: website daily.of The library couldof inform its audience about anything new interpretations the phenomenon of thecategory following: In a sense,the theof phenomenon is duethe togentrification, aRSS trendfacilitating of a new social groups regarding library through usersofand helping to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money them to keep in touch. Also libraries which provide remote services can and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the use 1.the RSSatcomes function to communicate with their users.

Moreover, term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS wasbetter born in sense ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, search for Berlin, where she made her first studies.

In through 1932 she published an important study entitled: libraries may inform the public the RSS for new material services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for acquired intervals.

Libraries have the with Web 2.0 lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private car easier access markets, etc.where studies and at research Geneva, Prague, London and Newopportunity York she came to back to London, in According 1943 shetopublished studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 sheto became teacher and in the services beanother transformed and work better for both users to approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying librarians.

The librarians must educate the users on how to use those her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. use Wil. SONS AND Ltd. 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: services inestate, orderetc., to for operate as London efficiently as possible.

G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

159 2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Μεταρρύθμιση της Δημόσιας Υπηρεσίας Μία Κοινωνική αναγκαιότητα Definition, Types of intervention, Concerns of Gentrification Concerns

Του κ. Μάριου ΛΟΪΖΙΔΗ Φοιτητού Τμημ. Παν/μίου Νεάπολις, Πάφος ByΝομικής, Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS

Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

Εισαγωγή Μία από τις βασικότερες αρχές της Οργανωσιακής θεωρίας, είναι ότι οι Οργανισμοί θα πρέπει να βρίσκονται σε μία διαρκή 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept διαδικασία μελέτης, της ατομικής και ομαδικής συμπεριφοράς στο ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), πλαίσιοother τηςwiseοργάνωσης στο χώρο εργασίας. ρόλος της among heritage he left us, he established a greatΟ“principle”: the among other wise heritage left us,definition he παρατηρεί, established aναgreat the acquisition of knowledge startshe with the of the content of“principle”: concepts. Οργανωσιακής συμπεριφοράς είναι να ελέγχει, να εξηγεί acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term και προπάντων να προβλέπει τη συμπεριφορά.

1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this a first, if (in notthe final, approach, term gentrification) indicated area ofκαι Planning) (or gentrification Σκοπός της είναι να“principle” βοηθά ταisinδιοικητικά στελέχη, όχιthe μόνο, 1 (and gentrification urban gentrification) isarea, indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city the removal (in various στην οργάνωση, διαχείριση και έλεγχο της εργασίας.

Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, Παράλληλα δημιουργεί συνθήκες προσαρμογής σε ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of μεταβαλλόμενες και καθώς και the operation ofconsequences artσυνθήκες galleries, restaurants, etc.also However this regardless whatever other has,προκλήσεις, results rising of “change”, landανακατανομής prices (and theof των πόρων τωνspeculation). οργανισμών, έτσι που ναalso εξασφαλίζεται η επιβίωση whatever other consequences has, results rising of land prices (andκαι the potential relative potential relative speculation). ανάπτυξή The termτης. gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to TheΗterm gentrification found first in the UK in earlyφιλελευθερισμού, 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor παγκοσμιοποίηση καιatηpeople επικράτηση του the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents έχουν επηρεάσει το πολιτικοοικονομικό περιβάλλον και are μεof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. αποκορύφωμα την παγκόσμια οικονομική ύφεση και κρίση, έχουν being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon included in και the work of Sociologist Ruth θέσει τα κράτη ενώπιον νέων, isσύνθετων ιδιαίτερα δύσκολων A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major προκλήσεων.

GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. παράμετρος τηςResearchers. λειτουργίας ενός and Κράτους είναι cities inΒασική Western countries, bypreoccupied other Since then, the issue has several scholars for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more αναπόφευκτα η κρατική μηχανή, η οποία δεν κινεί μόνο τις κρατικές comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various υπηρεσίες, αλλά βασικά είναι ηof σπονδυλική στήλη και ο εγκέφαλος της interpretations of the phenomenon gentrification, the following: interpretations the gentrification, thecategory following: ανάπτυξης καιof τουphenomenon ιδιωτικού τομέα. τομέας είναι η In a sense, the phenomenon is dueof to a trendΟof aιδιωτικός new of social groups to “return” to the leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money βιομηχανία, τοcity, εμπόριο, ο τουρισμός, οι επενδύσεις (εγχώριες και and time to travel the ηpurlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the εξωτερικού) καιfrom γενικά οικονομία. termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the ανάπτυξη distributed residencies outside town centres, Η υγιής προϋποθέτει ακριβώς την παράλληλη Berlin, where she made her first studies.

In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,movements (possibly) Youth Unemployment.

The same year sheιδιωτικού left Germany και and after continuous ανάπτυξη και συνύπαρξη, του κρατικού μηχανισμού,for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, χωρίς ανταγωνιστικών στοιχείων. in According 1943την sheύπαρξη published studies regarding city planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the phenomenon is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

160

2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

Αναγκαία μεταρρύθμιση GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Στην Κύπρο, διαχρονικά ο ιδιωτικός τομέας έχει καταφέρει να Definition, Types of intervention, Concerns of Gentrification αναπτυχθεί σε ένα ιδιαίτερα υψηλό επίπεδο, χρησιμοποιώντας νέες εργασιακές μεθόδους και την τεχνολογία, σε αντίθεση με τη Δημόσια Concerns Υπηρεσία. Αυτό το αξιοποίησαν ξένοι επενδυτές.

Έτσι, η Κύπρος επέτυχε να ανταγωνίζεται επί ίσοις όροις χώρες

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS οικονομικά και τεχνολογικά αναπτυγμένες.

Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Αντίθετα η Δημόσια Υπηρεσία παρέμεινε καθηλωμένη σε μία

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect οργανωτική διάρθρωση, η οποία χρονολογείται από την ίδρυση της Student of the School of Architecture Κυπριακής Δημοκρατίας το 1960.

Technical University of Crete Σήμερα η Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία χρειάζεται όσο ποτέ άλλοτε μία 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept δυνατή και εκσυγχρονισμένη Δημόσια Υπηρεσία, που να υπηρετεί και 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), the ancient να ANTISTHENIS, εξυπηρετεί τον ΠολίτηGreek και philosopher, κατ΄επέκταση το δημόσιο κοινό ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the συμφέρον. Μία Δημόσια Υπηρεσία ευέλικτη στην υπηρεσία του απλού among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. Πολίτη αλλά του Επιχειρηματία. acquisition ofκαι knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban Οι τρέχουσες προκλήσεις gentrification gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various ου αιώνα, δημιούργησε Η τρέχουσα συγκυρία στις αρχές του 21 Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), social groups, usually of την low-income and placement there of artists, για τηνofΚύπρο την ανάγκη, για έναρξη μίαςthe ριζικής αναμόρφωσης ή the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof καλύτεραother αναδιάρθρωσης της Δημόσιας Υπηρεσίας. whatever other consequences has, results also of landΑποκλειστική prices (and the potentialΗrelative speculation). ανακάλυψη υδρογονανθράκων στηνrising Κυπριακή potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification at first in the UK λεκάνη in early 1960s it refers to Οικονομική Ζώνη, καιis found σε ολόκληρη την της and Ανατολικής The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor Μεσογείου, προσδίδει ένα ιδιαίτερο και στρατηγικό κομβικό ρόλοareas στηνof the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents are Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία. Το ρόλο sometimes αυτό ηthere Κ.Δ.andκαλείται να τον London, upgrade them, stay themselves thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. διαδραματίσει και ως εκπρόσωπος της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης, αφού being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth είναιA το Κράτος περιοχή, που είναι μέλος της. πρέπει να description ofperiod, this στην phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Θα Sociologist Ruth GLASS atμόνο the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major ληφθεί σοβαρά υπόψηbyκαι παράγοντας, ότι η Κύπρος είναι το cities in Western countries, otherοResearchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied otherβρίσκεται Researchers.

Since then, the issue several and for its more μοναδικό Κράτος, το has οποίο εκτόςscholars της φλεγόμενης και Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various έκρυθμης ζώνης της Μέσης Ανατολής, σε αντίθεση με το Ισραήλ, comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: Λίβανο και Αίγυπτο. interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend new of social groups Οι ενεργειακοί σχεδιασμοί έχουνof aυπερβεί πλέον τα στενά to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money σύνορά μας και από σενάρια επιστημονικής φαντασίας, όπως ήταν and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the πριν1.of δύο δεκαετίες, έχουν καταστεί πλέον ευρωπαϊκοί Οιin The term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruthσχεδιασμοί.

GLASS for wasbetter born sense safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, search Berlin, where she ιδιωτικοί made her firstφορείς studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: εμπλεκόμενοι πρόκειται να διαθέσουν επενδυτικά services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for κεφάλαια, πολλαπλάσια Κυπριακού lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private car access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva,του Prague, London andΔΕΠ.

Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943Η she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 sheto became teacher in the οικονομική κρίση, ανέδειξε τις παθογένειες του συστήματος to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying της Δημόσιας Υπηρεσίας. her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

161 2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

162

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, Θεωρείται ως απαράδεκτο γεγονός πλέον και από τα ίδια τα ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the Στελέχη της Δημόσιας Υπηρεσίας, ότι οι μεταρρυθμίσεις είναι αναγκαίο among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. συστατικό στοιχείο, γιαstarts την αποτελμάτωση και the ανάπτυξή της. acquisition of knowledge with theindefinition content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Γιαtherefore, να πετύχει ηgentrification) πλήρης έξοδος το(in Μνημόνιο θα πρέπει ο 1 (and Based, on this “principle” inindicated a από first, if not final, approach, the term urban is the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 μηχανισμός λειτουργίας της Δημόσιας Υπηρεσίας να λειτουργήσει gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various υποστηρικτικά και παράλληλα, να ασκήσει τον εποπτικό και Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually ofτον low-income and thethis placement of γίνει artists, υποστηρικτικό της ρόλο προς ιδιωτικό τομέα, ευέλικτα, για να the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequencesτων has, επενδύσεων, results also rising land αναγκαίες prices (and για theof κατορθωτή η προσέλκυση πουofείναι whatever other consequences has, results Διαφορετικά also rising of land pricesθα (and the potential relative την τόνωση τηςspeculation). οικονομίας της αγοράς. η έξοδος είναι potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to επισφαλής.

The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then trend ofiswealthy to buy property inθα poor Ηobserved πιθανότητα λύσης του Κυπριακού πρέπει να the then observed trend wealthy people to προβλήματος buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof βρει τη Δημόσια Υπηρεσία με τέτοιες δομές και βάσεις, που μπορεί London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old να residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. να ανταποκριθεί στις νέες απαιτήσεις τόσο σε πολιτικό επίπεδο, όσο being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth και A στο κοινωνικό και πεδίο. description ofperiod, this οικονομικό phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Η μεταρρύθμιση της Researchers. Δημόσιας Υπηρεσίας υπήρξε και cities in Western countries, by other cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied otherτα Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several χρόνια. scholars Μετά and forαπό its more Κυβερνητική προτεραιότητα τελευταία μία Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various σοβαρή και επιστημονική μελέτη, ελήφθησαν οι πολιτικές αποφάσεις comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: για την ολοκλήρωσή της. interpretations the phenomenon the following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups Η ολοκλήρωση όμως προϋποθέτει τηcategory συγκατάθεση των to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Συνδικαλιστικών Οργάνων των Δημοσίων Υπαλλήλων, των and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Κοινωνικών Εταίρων και residencies φυσικά των Πολιτικών Κομμάτων, πουin 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS for wasbetter born sense safety the distributed outside town centres, search Berlin, where she made her first studies.

In 1932 she published an important study entitled: απαρτίζουν τη νομοθετική εξουσία. Λαμβάνοντας υπ΄όψιν τους services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for παράγοντες αυτούς, θα πρέπει όλοι οι car εμπλεκόμενοι ναmarkets, αρθούν στο lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private easier access etc. studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came to back to London, where in According 1943 sheπεριστάσεων published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

1950 sheto became teacher in the ύψος των και ακολουθώντας ταInκελεύσματα των καιρών, to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying να αφήσουν πίσω τις μικροπολιτικές σκοπιμότητες, τα προσωπικά her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of το partδάσος of the urban web,τα in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: κίνητρα και με πνεύμα σύμπνοιας να «σώσουν και όχι Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aδέντρο». variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

2521 11

E¶.

A¶.

TO¶.

AYT. ¶EP. AN. / /R.DEC. ADM. LOC. DEV. REG. //R. DEC. LOC. GOV. REG. DEV. E¶.

A¶.

TO¶.

AYT. ¶EP. AN. / R.DEC. ADM. LOC. DEV. REG. / R. DEC. LOC. GOV. REG. DEV. E¶.

A¶.

TO¶.

AYT. ¶EP. AN. R.DEC. ADM. LOC. DEV. REG. R. DEC. LOC. GOV. REG. DEV.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

EΠIΘEΩPHΣH AΠOKENTPΩΣHΣ, TOΠIKHΣ AYTO∆IOIKHΣHΣ KAI ΠEPIΦEPEIAKHΣ ANAΠTY�HΣ REVUE DE DECENTRALISATION, D’ ADMINISTRATION LOCALE ET DE DEVELOPPEMENT REGIONAL REVIEW OF DECENTRALIZATION, LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT *

By Mr. George-Sp. Tριµηνιαία Eπιστηµ�νική Έκδ�ση C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate Edition scientifique trimestrielle School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Quartely scientific review Student of the School of Architecture * Έτος ιρδύσεως έκδοσης1995 Α΄ τεύχους μ.Χ. University of Crete Technical Έτ�ςκαι ιδρύσεως µ.X. 1995 * 1. Introductory approach: Defining concept 88//2012 2017 Numb.the Tεύ��ς / Numéro / Issue 68 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept Απρίλι�ς, Μάϊ�ς, Ι�ύνι�ς 2012 ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), Απρίλιος, Μάιος, Ιούνιος 2017 ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us,*he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: Kωδικ�ς: 014297 acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition the content of concepts. *in Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, onIδι�κτήτης this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term / Propriétaire / Owner gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification

1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various KENTPO EΠIMOPΦΩΣHΣ MEΛETΩN EPEYNAΣ KAI ANAΠTY�HΣ Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement Aστική µη κερδ�σκ�πική Eταιρεία ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever otherDE consequences alsoDE rising of land prices (and theof CENTRE FORMATIONhas, DESresults ETUDES RECHERCHE ET DU whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the DEVELOPPEMENT potential relative potential relative speculation). civile sansinbut The term gentrification Société is found at first thelucratif UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor CENTER OF EDUCATION RESEARCH AND the then observed trend of wealthy people to buyDEVELOPMENT property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof Civil not lucrative Association London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. * being indirectlyYπεύθυν�ς “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth κατά τ�ν ν�µ�, Eκδ�της /Editeur/Editor A description ofperiod, this phenomenon included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth Kαθηγητής Kωνστ. ΓE.isAΘANAΣOΠOYΛOΣ GLASS at the same while similar situations in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Prof.

Const.

GE. ATHANASSOPOULOS cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. * cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Eπιστηµ�νικ�ς Yπεύθυν�ς: Kαθηγητής Kωνστ. ΓE. AΘANAΣOΠOYΛOΣ Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from Responsable Scientifique: Professeur Const. GE. ATHANASSOPOULOS comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: ScientificofResponsible: Professor Const. GE. ATHANASSOPOULOS interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, of social groups *a trend of a new Σύµ��υλ�ς Έκδ�σης to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money EΛΛHNIKO KENTPO AΠOKENTPΩΣHΣ, and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the TOΠIKHΣ AYTO∆IOIKHΣHΣ KAI ΠEPIΦEPEIAKHΣ ANAΠTY�HΣ 1.

The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS for wasbetter born in sense of safety at the distributed residencies outside town centres, search Conseiller d’ édition Berlin, where she made her first studies.

In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) CENTER HELLENIQUE DEGermany DECENTRALISATION, Youth Unemployment.

The same year she left and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London New York she came to back to London, D’ ADMINISTRATION LOCALE ET DEand DEVELOPPEMENT REGIONAL in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and Edition Counsellor University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying HELLENIC CENTER FORforDECENTRALIZATION, LOCAL DICTIONARY. her work are characterized by a passion justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH and selling real estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in GOVERNMENT AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

163 2521 11 29

E¶. A¶. TO¶. AYT. ¶EP. AN. / R.DEC. ADM. LOC. DEV. REG. / R. DEC. LOC. GOV. REG. DEV. E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

∆ιευθύνεται υπ� Συντακτικής Eπιτρ�πής εκ Kαθηγητών Πανεπιστηµί�υ και Eιδικών Eπιστηµ�νων. Σύστηµα Kριτών.

Dirigée par Comité de rédaction de Professeurs d’ Université et de Scientifiques Spécialisés Directed by Edition Board of University Professors and Specialized Scientists System of external evaluators * Tιµή τεύ��υς: 9 f Συνδρ�µές ετήσιες: Φιλίας: 300 f ∆ηµ�σίων

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Yπηρεσιών, N.Π.∆. και I.∆., ∆ήµων, N�µαρ�ιακών Aυτ�δι�ικήσεων,Tραπε�ών, Harvard University, School Eταιρειών: 150 f Iδιωτών: 30Graduate f Φ�ιτητών: 15 fof Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS E�ωτερικ�ύ: US $ 100 Architect Prix: 9 f Abonnements: Prix d’ ami: 300 f Services Publics, Personnes de Student of the School Morales of Architecture Droit Public ou Privé, Communes, Administrations Départementales, Banques, Technical University of Crete Sociétés: 150 f Individuels: 30 f Etudiants: 15 f Etranger:the USconcept $ 100 1. Introductory approach: Defining Price: 9 f Subscriptions: Friendship: 300 f Public Services, 1. Introductory approach: Definingphilosopher, the concept ANTISTHENIS, theorancient (444 BC -Administrations, 370 BC, Athens), Legal Persons of Public PrivateGreek Law, Communities, Prefecture ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, established(444 the Banks, Societies: 150he f Individuals: 30afgreat among other wise heritage left he established a greatof“principle”: Students: 15 the fus, Abroad: US of $ 100 acquisition of knowledge startshe with definition the content concepts. the *in acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Υπεύθυνος Τυπογραφείου Yπεύθυν�ς Tυπ�γρα�εί�υ 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if notthe final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) is (in area of Planning) (or gentrification ΕΚΤΥΠΩΣΕΙΣ ΘΕΟΔΩΡΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ ΔΗΜΗΤΡΗΣ EI∆IKH EK∆OTIKH A.E.E.B.E. 1 (and urban Μάρνη 25,ofΠλ. Βάθης, Αθήνα, gentrification gentrification) isarea, indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” a city the removal (in various Xαλκ�κ�νδύλη 35,Tηλε�. Kέντρ�: (210) 5242177, email: (210) 5226641, FAX: (210) 5232409 τηλ.: 210.5234559, φαξ: 2105203633, theogi@otenet.gr Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, * ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However “change”,there regardless of Tα δηµ�σιευ�µενα κείµενα απη��ύν τις απ�ψεις των Συντακτών τ�υς the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the και δεν δεσµεύ�υν την EΠIΘ. AΠOK.,TOΠ. AYT. KAI ΠEP. AN. whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). * potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s it refers to Oι αναγγελίες εντ�ς πλαισί�υ των νέων εκδ�σεων απ�τελ�ύν �ιλικήand πρ�σ��ρά TheEπιστηµ�νικ�ύ term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the τ�υ then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor Yπευθύν�υ τ�υ Περι�δικ�ύ πρ�ς τ�υς Συγγρα�είς τ�υς the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof * London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents being indirectly “squeezed”.

Bάσει τ�υ N. 2121/1993 και των σ�ετικών καν�νων τ�υ ∆ιεθν�ύς ∆ικαί�υ απα- are being indirectly “squeezed”. γ�ρεύεται η αναδηµ�σίευση ή η αναπαραγωγή (�λική ή µερική) µε Sociologist �π�ι�ν δήπ�τε A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Ruth τρ�π� και µε �π�ι� δήπ�τε µέσ� των κειµένων τ�υ παρ�ντ�ς, �ωρίς A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recordedπρ�ηγ�ύµενη in other major έγγρα�η άδεια τ�υ εκδ�τ�υ.

GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major citiesToute in Western countries, by other Researchers. reproduction d’ un quelconque de cette Revue, par quelque cities in Western countries, byextrait other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several for its more procédé que ce soit, et notamment par photocopie ou scholars microfilm,and est strictement Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from interdite. comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various The whole ofofthe appearing in this Review isthe a copyright and may not be interpretations thematerial phenomenon of gentrification, following: interpretations of the gentrification, following: reproduced whole orphenomenon in part without the ofthe the Editor. of social groups In a sense,inthe phenomenon is dueof to a permission trend of a new category * for several reasons: high costs in money to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus ∆ιεύθυνση / Adresse / Address and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Ίµ�ρ�υ 6, 11257 Aθήναι, τηλ.: (210) 8647120, fax: (210) 8658868 1.

The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for was born in sense of safety at the distributed residencies outside town centres, IMVROY 6, GR 11257, ATHENES / ATHENS, teleph.: (210) 8647120, better Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) fax:she (210) Youth Unemployment. The same year left8658868 Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London Neweasier York she came to back to London, * and car in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 she teacher in the to approach, the is due tobecame a systematic and http : // another library.panteion.gr/pandemos • Eλληνικά περι�δικά University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying * her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. 1106-91-71 and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theISSN depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

22 16430

2521 11

E¶. A¶. TO¶. AYT. ¶EP. AN. / R.DEC. ADM. LOC. DEV. REG. / R. DEC. LOC. GOV. REG. DEV. E¶. ¶EP. AN. R.DEC. ADM. LOC. DEV. REG. R. DEC. LOC. GOV. REG. DEV. E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN.// R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG.// R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

A¶.

TO¶.

AYT.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, Σελ./P. ConcernsTypes of Gentrification TÔȘ EÓÙ¢ÍÔ̤ÓÔȘ EÓÙ¢ÍÔ̤ÓÔȘ - Κωνστ. ΓΕ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ / Const. GE. ATHANASOPOULOS: Τοις TÔȘ Εντευξομένοις ή Στέργει γαρ ουδείςConcerns άγγελον κακών επών, Σοφοκλής…………………. ‹ 3 ΤΕΥΧΟΣ Ν. 88/2017 / ΠΕΡΙΕΧΟΜΕΝΑ/SOMMAIRE/CONTENTS

‹ ¶ÂÚ› ÚÔÛ¤Ï΢Û˘∂Ȃ‚ÏË̤Ó˜ ¿ÌÂÛˆÓ Í¤ÓˆÓ ÂÂÓ‰‡ÛÂˆÓ Ó¤Â˜ ȉȈÙÈÎÒÓ ‰È·ÚıÚˆÙÈΤ˜ ·ÏÏ·Á¤˜

-Μιχ. ΛΕΠΤΟΣ: Το Πανεπιστήμιο ΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ, Πάφος, κοιτίδα Παιδείας, Επιστήμης και Πολιτισμού…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

13

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS 14 - ΔΙΟΙΚΗΤΙΚΟ ΔΙΚΑΙΟ………………………………………………………………………………………...

Harvard Graduate School of Design, Student, - Π. ΛΕΠΤΟΣ: Ομιλία κατά την ΕτήσιαUniversity, Γενική Συνέλευση του Παγκύπριου C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect 15 Συνδέσμου Επιχειρηματιών Ανάπτυξης By ΓηςMr. καιGeorge-Sp. Οικοδομών…………………………………

TÔ˘ Î. KˆÓÛÙ.

KˆÓÛÙ. °E.School A£ANA™O¶OY§OY Student of the of Architecture22 TÔ˘ Î. °E. A£ANA™O¶OY§OY - S. MAKRIDAKIS, A. MOLESKIS: The costs and benefits of positive illusions……….

Technical Crete49 - Γ. ΓΕΩΡΓΗ: Ο Παύλος Τζερμιάς καιK·ıËÁËÙÔ‡ η Κύπρος……………………………………………………. ¶·ÓÂÈÛÙ.

KÔÈÓ.

EÈÛÙ., K·ıËÁËÙÔ‡ MÂÙ. ¶Ú.ÙÔ˘ ™. ¶·ÓÙ›Ԣ ¶·ÓÙ›Ԣ ¶·ÓÂÈÛÙ.University KÔÈÓ. ¶ÔÏÈÙ. ¶ÔÏÈÙ.of EÈÛÙ.

- Ναπ. ΜΑΡΑΒΕΓΙΑΣ: Υπάρχει απάντηση στη γενικευμένη κρίση;………………………. Î·È MÂÙ. ¶Ú. ™. AıËÓÒÓ ¶·ÓÂ. AıËÓÒÓ, Î·È ÙÔ˘ ¶·ÓÂÈÛÙ.

(EÈÛÎ.), 53 Introductory Defining concept - Θ.1. ΚΑΛΛΙΑΝΟΣ: Ε.Ε:approach: ανακάμπτοντας απόthe τηνEx οικονομική και ηEx Ch.L., Bruxelles, Ex Ch.L., U.L. U.L.κρίση Bruxelles, Ex Int. Int. I.I.A.P., I.I.A.P., Paris Paris 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept ANTISTHENIS, theBREXIT……………………………………………………………………… ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), 55 αντίστροφη μέτρηση του thedans ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), - Pr. ANTISTHENIS, MAVRIDIS: Les Turcs l’ Union Européenne…………………………………………. among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the 59 other wise heritage left us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: - among Σπ. ΒΛΙΑΜΟΣ: Άτομο, Κοινωνία και Οικονομία: Σχέσεις Αλληλεξάρτησης………….. acquisition of knowledge startshe with the of the content concepts. the65 Στερ�υµένη πλέ�ν ηofEλλάς, τ�υ «κέρατ�ς της H the τρέ��υσα αλλά και εθνική �ι- acquisition Σ. Based, ΞΕΝΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ: «Ο on Χώρος και η with Αρχιτεκτονική τηςδιεθνής Έκθεση of knowledge starts the content of concepts. therefore, this “principle” indefinition a first, ifΣυμπόνοιας». not final, approach, the term Aµαλθείας», της µυθ�λ�γικής αιγ�ς και ως εκ τ�ύ1 αρχιτεκτονικής………………………………….………………………………………………………………. κ�ν�µική συγκυρία «επανέ�ερε» κατά Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in not final, approach, theτρ�term (and urban gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or 74 gentrification τ�υ µη δυναµένη θηλά��υσα ε�area αυτ�ύ, ως άλλ�ς 1 (and - gentrification Π. ΜΙΧΑΗΛΙΔΗΣ: Το Πρωτόκολλο της Σύμβασης των Ηνωμένων urban gentrification) indicated (in the of Planning) (or π� έντ�ν� στ� πρ�σκήνι� τ� θέµα της πρ�Sociology as well), asΠροαιρετικό the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal from this, (in various ZEYΣ, να of απ�κτήσει �,τι επιθυµείfrom σήµερα υπ� δει- 79 Εθνών κατά των Βασανιστηρίων (OPCAT)………………………………………………………….

Sociology as well), as the “refining” a city area, the removal this, (in various σέλκυσης άµεσων ιδιωτικών ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the�ένων placement there ofεπενδύartists, νή συγκυρία, (Π�λιτική, Oικ�ν�µική, K�ινωνική), - ways), Κέντρο Ερευνας Περιφερειακής Ανάπτυξης «Ιερώνυμος Δ. placement ΠΙΝΤΟΣ καιthere of groups, usually of low-income and the of artists, In hissocial the operation ofarticle, art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of σεων, δεδ�µέν�υ, �τι αυτές θεωρ�ύνται π�διέρ�εται κατ’ αυτάς διά των «Kαυδιανών ∆ικράΑναστασία Ιερ. ΠΙΝΤΟΥ»……………………………………………………………………………………

82 the operation ofconsequences art in galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless published beside whatever other has, results also rising of land prices (and the λύτιµ� «εργαλεί�» γιαστρατ�ς την «παραγωγή» α-of -Greek Β. ΔΕΛΗΘΕΟΥ, Ε. ΣΤΑΥΡΑΚΑΚΗ: Συγκριτικά πλεονεκτήματα, όροι εμπορίου και νων», ως µη ��ειλε, ως άλλ�ς των Pωµαίων, language, Prowhatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative νάπτυ�ης, υπ� τις υπ� δεδ�µένες παραδ��ές της 83 περιφερειακή ανάπτυξη……………………………………………………………………………………. αυτ�ς εί�ε ηττηθεί των Σαµνιτών τ� έτ�ς fessor Const.

GE �ταν potential relative speculation). term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to 99 - Ε.The ΠΡΩΤΟΠΑΠΑ: Μιχάλης 321 ΠΕΡΑΝΤΩΝΗΣ………………………………………………………… ένν�ιας: έπ�ψη �ώρ�υ: εθνική/περι�επ.X. στ� των Aπεννίνων �ρέων.

AT H A NA SO POUThe term gentrification found at Kαύδι� firstυπ� in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed ofiswealthy toΑλληλεγγύης……………………….. buy property in poor - Δημ. ΝΟΥΣΗ: Ημέραtrend Φιλελληνισμού και people Διεθνούςραγδαίες 106 Oι ετερ�κλητες, και καιν��ανείς ε�ελίρειακή/τ�πική, και, υπ� έπ�ψη είδ�υς: �ικ�LOS underlines the the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are - Κων. ΓΕ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ: Κριτικά σημειώματα: Κατερίνα ΠΡΟΔΡΟΜΟΥ: Το 1 της Π�λι�ειςthemselves των τελευταίων µηνών επίand τ�υthus πεδί�υ positive approaches for stay ν�µική, κ�ινωνική, π�λιτιστική.

London, them, sometimes there old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Δίκαιο της upgrade Ε.Ε. για αστικά και εμπορικά ζητήματα.…………………………………………… τικής και της Oικ�ν�µίας της Eλλάδ�ς, άλλων Kρα-112 Greece of the being indirectly “squeezed”. Ένα απ� τα �ασικά στ�ι�εία, τα �π�ία - Β.A ΔΕΛΗΘΕΟΥ: Η of Εξέλιξη των ειδικότερων ρυθμίσεων Περιφερειακής description this phenomenon is included in περί the work of Sociologist Ruth τών της Eυρωπαϊκής Ένωσης και των Agreement of the 26/27 A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is included in the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth Ανάπτυξης Ελλάδα κατά ταMελών τελευταία 35 χρόνια. ………………………………….. συνιστ�ύν α�’ εαυτών condicio qua non119 GLASS at στην the same while similar situations were insine other major October 2011 Eurozone H.Π.A. και η συνακ�λ�υθη κρίση, (Π�λιτική, Oικ�-cities Κων.in ΓΕ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ: Κριτικά σημειώματα: Ανδρέας Σ. ΧΡΙΣΤΟΦΙΔΗΣ GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Western countries, by other γιαResearchers. την πραγµατ�π�ίηση επενδύσεων (και122 Summit Brussels. Ανεκπλήρωτες προσδοκίες. Λευκωσία 2009, σελ. 433……………………………………….. ν�µική, K�ινωνική), ενδε��µένως να καταστήσ�υν cities ininWestern countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and forσυνε�έλits more126 ιδίως άµεσων �ένων) �,τι αυτές - Αρτ. Δ. article ΣΑΒΒΙΔΟΥ: Ο to Χάρτης Θεμελιωδών Δικαιωμάτων τηςµε Ε.Ε.: ……………………

The refers «κεν� γράµµα» τα διαλαµ�αν�µενα στ� ανάvarious �είρας Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the -the Κων. ΓΕ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ: Κυριακή Γ. ΣΤΡΑΤΙΔΑΚΗ: Οικονομική κρίσηδεδ�µέν�υ, και η συκ�νται, είναι η σα�ήνεια, η from «λ�γική», relations between κείµεν�, �ταν αυτ� θα έ�ει δηµ�σιευθεί, comprehensive approach are being summarized below, the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: αποδοτικότητα υπαλλήλων Χρηματοπιστωτικών 136 Greece and Support νέπεια και η Ιδρυμάτων…………………………… σταθερ�τητα τ�υ ν�µικ�ύ κα�τι απ� κύλικ�ς µέ�ρι �ειλέων π�λλά πέλει, κατά τ�ν of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: - interpretations G.In - Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS: Design and Construction: The Role of New a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups 1 Mechanisms and it also AIΣΩΠON. θεστώτ�ς, υπ� τ�υ �π�ί�υ αυτές διέπ�νται Technologies to “return”ato…………………………………………………………………………………………………… the city,ofleaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money141 proposes series - Ευγ. - Μαρ. Κ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ: ΑΝΑΣΤΟΧΑΣΜΟΣ. Επισημάνσεις και ��ιτα µ�ν�ν κατά τ�ν �ρ�ν� της ∆ι�τι γεγ�ν�τα διαδέ��νται άλληλα µεσ�ετιand timeinto travel from the purlieus to downtown, where workέναρ�ης place is, lack ofρυθthe145 reforms order Greece συμπεράσματα…………………………………………………………………………………………………. µ�ύς πρωτ��αν�ύς τα�ύτητας και εν π�λλ�ίς αλληκής επι�ειρηµατικής δραστηρι�τητας, αλλάin 1.

The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS was born sense of safety at the distributed residencies outside town centres, search for better exits the current crisis, - Α. BENTENIOTIS: The Greek Haircut and the positions of Investors………………….

149 Berlin, where she made her λ�αναιρ�ύνται. first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of………………………. the city”, (possibly)155 -such Δευκαλίων ο Θεσσαλός. Εκδότης: Θάνος Κ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ asUnemployment. modernization Youth The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for -ofstudies K. ZENIOU: Implementations Web 2.0 in academic libraries………………………….

157 lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where Public Adminiand research Geneva, of Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, -stration, M.According ΛΟΪΖΙΔΗΣ: Μεταρρύθμιση της Δημόσιας Υπηρεσίας. Κοινωνική in 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. InΜία 1950 sheto became teacher in the toagainst another approach, the is due a systematic and combat αναγκαιότητα………………………………………………………………………………………………….

160 University College of London, where she her social research.

Her public and 1.

AI™ø¶O™: ºÚ‡Í, ‰Ô‡ÏÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ™·Ì›Ô˘ ºÈÏÔÛfiÊÔ˘ IA¢MONO™, 1.continued BÏ.

KˆÓÛÙ. °E. A£ANA™O¶OY§O™: £ÂÛÌÈÎfi tax evasion, suggestion long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying - her Εκδότης, Επιστημονικός Υπεύθυνος…………………………………………………………………

163 work are characterized by a passion for justice.

See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. ˙‹Û·˜ ÂÚ› Ù· ̤۷ ÙÔ˘ 6Ô˘ .X. ·ÈÒÓÔ˜. ¢ÈÂÎÚ›ÓÂÙÔ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ Â˘Ê˘˝· ¶Ï·›ÛÈÔ ¶ÂÚÈÊÂÚÂȷ΋˜ AÓ¿Ù˘Í˘.

TfiÌÔ˜ A’, Ó¤· new foretc., and selling realCOLLINS estate, for depreciation initially of part of the urban web,¤Î‰. in edit.policies Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd.ÛÎÒÌÌ·.

London ¢ÈÂÛÒıËÛ·Ó 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: -of10th Περιεχόμενα…………………………………………………………………………………………………… Î·È ÙÔthe ‰ËÎÙÈÎfi Aı‹Ó·È, 2007, Û. 49 ÂfiÌ. 358 ηٷÁÂÁÚ·Ì̤ÓÔÈ «Ì‡ıÔÈ»165

etc.

Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm adevelopment, variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually ÙÔ˘.Abstract.

1 3 3165 2521 11

Constantinos GE. ATHANASSOPOULOS Professor at Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, Univ. of Athens, (Vis. Prof.), Lawyer, Ex Ch.L.U.L. Bruxelles, Ex Int. I.I.A.P. Paris

EUROPEAN UNION LAW Basic terms and delimitations Union’s Philosophy Arrangements regarding European Union Enlargement and Integration Relations between European Union Law and National Law European Union’s policies Vol. A' New edition Contribution: Dr Vas. DELITHEOU Dr Helen KAVVADIA

2008, Athens

Kωνσταντίν�ς ΓE. AΘANAΣOΠOYΛOΣ

KˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙ›ÓÔ˜ °E. A£ANA™O¶OY§O™

Kαθηγητής Παντεί�υ Πανεπ. K�ιν. και Π�λ. Eπιστηµ., Πανεπιστηµί�υ Aθηνών (Eπισκ.), Ex Ch.L.U.L. Bruxelles, Ex Int. I.I.A.P., Paris

K·ıËÁËÙ‹˜ ¶·ÓÙ›Ԣ ¶·ÓÂ.

KÔÈÓ. Î·È ¶ÔÏ. EÈÛÙËÌ., ¶·ÓÂ. AıËÓÒÓ (EÈÛÎ.), ¢ÈÎËÁfiÚÔ˜, Ex Ch.L.U.L., Bruxelles, Ex Int. I.I.A.P., Paris

TO ¢IKAIO TH™ EYPø¶A.I.KH™ ENø™H™

TO ¢IKAIO .. TH™ EYPø¶AIKH™ ENø™H™ B·ÛÈΤ˜ ¤ÓÓÔȘ Î·È ÔÚÈÔıÂÙ‹ÛÂȘ ºÈÏÔÛÔÊ›· Ù˘ ŒÓˆÛ˘ P˘ıÌ›ÛÂȘ ÂÚ› E˘Úˆ·˚΋˜ ŒÓˆÛ˘ ¢È‡ڢÓÛË Î·È ÂÌ‚¿ı˘ÓÛË ™¯¤ÛÂȘ ¢Èη›Ô˘ E˘Úˆ·˚΋˜ ŒÓˆÛ˘ Î·È EıÓÈÎÔ‡ ¢Èη›Ô˘ OÈ Â› ̤ÚÔ˘˜ ¶ÔÏÈÙÈΤ˜

T�µ�ς B' H Συνθήκη για την θέσπιση τ�υ Συντάγµατ�ς της Eυρώπης Pώµη, 29 Oκτω�ρί�υ 2004

TfiÌÔ˜ A' N¤· ¤Î‰ÔÛË EÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈ΋ Û˘Ì‚ÔÏ‹: ¢Ú B·Û. ¢E§H£EOY Dr Helen KAVVADIA

Aı‹Ó·È, 2008

Aθήναι, 2004

(X +7)

105

T

S POS

AÚÈıÌfi˜ Õ‰ÂÈ·˜

ES

T·¯. °Ú·Ê›Ô

A£HNA™ 12

PR

Kˆ‰ÈÎfi˜ ÂÓÙ‡Ô˘ 014297

SP ES OS T

K.E.M.E.A. ÿÌ‚ÚÔ˘ 6 112 57 A£HNAI

¶§HPøMENO TE§O™

PR

MÈÎÚfi˜ ·ÚÈıÌfi˜ ·ÓÙÈÙ‡ˆÓ fiÏˆÓ ÙˆÓ ¤ÚÁˆÓ ÙÔ˘ K·ıËÁËÙÔ‡ KˆÓÛÙ. °E. A£ANA™O¶OY§OY ‰È·Ù›ıÂÙ·È ·fi ÙÔ KÂÓÙÚÈÎfi BÈ‚ÏÈÔˆÏÂ›Ô ÙˆÓ EΉfiÛÂˆÓ ¶A¶AZH™H, Ô‰fi˜ NÈÎËÙ·Ú¿ 2 Î·È MÂÓ¿ÎË, Aı‹Ó·.