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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, Types of intervention, Concerns of Gentrification Ευρωπαϊκη Ένωση: Concerns ανακάμπτοντας απὸ την οικονομικὴ κρὶση. Η αντiστροφη μὲτρηση του BREXIT

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University,Του Graduate School of Student, κ. Θεοδώρ. Α.Design, ΚΑΛΛΙΑΝΟΥ

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Διδάκτ. Οικονομικών και Κοινωνικών Επιστημών Student of the School of Architecture του Πανεπιστημίου Αμβούργου Technicalτου University of Crete

Πτυχ. Οικ. Επιστ. Ε.Κ.Π.Α.,

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Επισκ. Καθηγητού Ευρωπαϊκής Ολοκληρώσεως 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, Παν/μίου Βόννης, π. Στελέχους της Ε.Ε.

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Abstract acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

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The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to more stable future is ongoing (for EUROZONE countries) while a The term gentrificationofiswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed to buy poor definitive BREXITtrend (whenever it occurs) be property aproperty “lose –inlose’’ rather a the then observed trend wealthy peoplewill to there buy in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof ‘’win-win’’ case for both market participants of today: and London, upgrade them, staysingle themselves sometimes there and thus oldEU-27 residents are being indirectly “squeezed”.

1.

United Kingdom being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Ηat the εορταστική ατμόσφαιρα επετειακών χρόνων, των A description ofperiod, this phenomenon isτων included inwere the recorded work60 of Sociologist Ruth GLASS same while similar situations in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Ευρωπαϊκών Συνθηκών της Researchers. Ρώμης κατά το τρέχον έτος 2017 cities in Western countries, by other cities in Western countries, byαβεβαιότητες: other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more χαρακτηρίζεται από τρεις Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars andthe for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from various α) Κατά πόσο η διαπιστωμένη ανάκαμψη τηςbelow, Ευρωζώνης μετά την comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: κρίση είναι καθολική και διαρκής. interpretations the phenomenon of the following: sense, theof phenomenon is due togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups β) In Η aαντίστροφη μέτρηση της αποχωρήσεως του category Ηνωμένου Βασιλείου to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money από την Ε.Ε., σύμφωνα με την- για πρώτη φορά - εφαρμοζόμενη and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for 1 lower living costπαρόν of, in “withdrawal” from private car access markets, etc.where studies and Geneva, Prague, London andσε Neweasier York she came to back to London, Τοresearch άρθρο βασίζεται διάλεξη-ομιλία (EU:Recovering in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and from Economic Crisis and the Brexit countdown), που έγινε στις Βρυξέλλες στις University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying 24/5/2017, μεταπτυχιακούς Καναδούς οικονομικών και DICTIONARY. πολιτικών her work areγια characterized by a passion for justice.φοιτητές See also: COLLINS ENGLISH and selling real estate,Stetc., for theCodepreciation initially of υπηρεσίες part of the urban web,τον in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. των London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: επιστημών. Οργάνωση .Louis Université Βρυξελλών και της Ε.Ε υπό Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aσυντονισμό variety of ways, in to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually του Prof.

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

διάταξη του άρθρου 50 της Συνθήκης της Λισσαβόνας, θα είναι ομαλή και προβλέψιμη και γ) Η αυξανόμενη απειλή της διεθνούς τρομοκρατίας σε άλλες χώρες της Ε.Ε. και του ΝΑΤΟ καθώς και οι πολιτικές και μηχανισμοί αποτελεσματικής αντιμετώπισής τους, έτσι ώστε η ειρήνη να καταστεί και πάλι αλώβητο αγαθό.

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Το παρόν άρθρο πραγματεύεται μόνο τις δύο πρώτες αβεβαιότητες Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, υπό δύο βασικές προϋποθέσεις:

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect 1. Η ενθάρρυνση της εσωτερικής αγοράς και η δημιουργία της Student of the School of Architecture τραπεζικής ένωσης θα συνεχιστούν όπωςTechnical προβλέπει η επιτροπή University of Crete JUNCKER στις περίφημες 10 πολιτικές προτεραιότητές της.

1.2.Introductory approach: Defining the concept Δεν θα υπάρξει άλλης «μείζονος σημασίας» γεγονός εκτός της 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient επιπτώσεις Greek philosopher, Ε.Ε. με καταλυτικές όμως σε ένα ή περισσότερα ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the κράτη μέλη. (Π.χ. Έξαρση φαινομένου αναγκαστικής among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. μετανάστευσης, εμπλοκές σεdefinition πολεμικές the επιχειρήσεις του ΝΑΤΟ, acquisition of knowledge starts with the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if of not final, approach, the term «διπλωματικοί κ.ά.).isinindicated 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on πόλεμοι» this “principle” a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 Ένας επίσης αναγκαίος θεματικός περιορισμός, επιβάλλεται να gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal this, (in various γίνει εδώ , ότι ανεξαρτήτως από τις οποιεσδήποτε άλλες παραμέτρους, Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andπροοπτική thethis placement of artists, που επηρεάζουν την οικονομική εξέλιξη και τηςthere Ε.Ε., πρέπει the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof να λαμβάνονται υπόψη: whatever otherspeculation). consequences results also rising of land prices (and the potential - ηrelative παγκοσμιοποίηση τουhas, εμπορίου και των επενδύσεων potential relative speculation).

The gentrification is found at first UK in early 1960s and refers to - term η γήρανση του πληθυσμού καιinη the υπογεννητικότητα τωνitΚρατών The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor Μελών της Ε.Ε. the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof - οιupgrade εφαρμογές τηςthemselves ψηφιακής τεχνολογίας (ITTechnology) London, them, stay sometimes there and thus old residentsσε are being indirectly “squeezed”. όλους τους τομείς και επίπεδα της οργανωμένης κοινωνίας και being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this τέλος, phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth οικονομίας και GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major οι επιπτώσεις τηςbyκλιματικής αλλαγής cities- in Western countries, other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Since then, the has several scholars and for its more Περαιτέρω η issue υπόμνηση ότιResearchers. η οικονομική πολιτική στην Ε.Ε.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various επηρεάζεται περισσότερο από τη λειτουργία και δυναμισμό της comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: ενιαίας αγοράς (single market) και λιγότερο από την οικονομική interpretations of the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, phenomenon dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of socialενιαίας groups πολιτική τηςtheΕ.Ε. (Εξόχως isελλειμματική λόγω π.χ. απουσίας to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money δημοσιονομικής πολιτικής και υπάρξεως δέκα (!) διαφορετικών and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the νομισμάτων) αποτελεί αυτονόητο δεδομένο.

1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made herκαθιστά first studies.

In οποιαδήποτε 1932 she published an important study entitled: Το γεγονός αυτό την Κυβερνητική πολιτική services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for (Governance) τηςin Ε.Ε. λιγότερο αξιόπιστη σε άλλες χώρες, lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private access to markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier Yorkσχέση she cameμε back to London, in According 1943Η.Π.Α. she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 she teacher της in the όπως Καναδά, όταν «οι αποκλειστικές αρμοδιότητες» toήanother approach, the is due tobecame a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying Κεντρικής κυβέρνησης είναι περισσότερες από αυτές της Ε.Ε. διότι τα her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. SONS AND Ltd.με London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Κράτη Μέλη της «συντρέχουν» συναρμοδιότητες σε πολλές από G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

22

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

αυτές , π.χ. οικονομική και κοινωνική πολιτική , περιβάλλον, μεταφορές κ.ά. Είναι διαπίστωση πλέον κοινή ότι η Ε.Ε. και ιδίως η Ευρωζώνη παρουσιάζουν, στοιχεία ανάκαμψης μετά την οικονομική και δημοσιονομική κρίση της τελευταίας οκταετίας (2009-2017, βλέπε γράφημα).

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth παραμένουν πλέον των πολιτικών A description of this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work ofδιαρθρωτικών Sociologist Ruth GLASSΩστόσο at the same period, while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major διαφορών, μεγάλες εθνικές και περιφερειακές ανισότητες και cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. ασυμετρίες που καθιστούν αναγκαίες τιςseveral εφαρμογές ειδικών πολιτικών Since then, the issue has scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several scholars and for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from the και προγραμμάτων (πολιτικές συνοχής, προγράμματα προσαρμογής, comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: π.χ. Ελλάδα ως μόνη χώρα η οποία δεν έχει ακόμα ανακάμψει, δηλαδή interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: a sense, theof phenomenon dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups να In παρουσιάσει αυξητικούςisρυθμούς παραγωγής). to “return” the city, leaving the purlieus for προϊόντος several reasons: highκατά costs in money Σε to όρους ακαθάριστου εθνικού (ΑΕΠ) κεφαλή and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack the 2 η Ελλάδα ευρίσκεται κάτωofτου σε επίπεδα αγοραστικής δύναμης termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

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Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

The Free Encyclopedia: Πηγή: Ευρωπαϊκή Επιτροπή: Ελλάδα λιγότερο τουWIKIPEDIA: 20.000 € και Ευρωπαϊκός μέσος Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aόρος variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually άνω των 27.000€.

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

μικρές χώρες ακολουθούμενες από Ολλανδία, Αυστρία, Δανία, Γερμανία, κ.ά. Στον τομέα των κοινωνικών ανισοτήτων η οικονομική κρίση έχει αφήσει έντονα ίχνη σε χώρες όπως η Ελλάδα και η Ισπανία με ποσοστά ανεργίας άνω του 18% και 23% ενώ σε χαμηλότερους δείκτες διαφέρουν σημαντικά όπου 20 χώρες της Ε.Ε. εμφανίζουν μονοψήφιο Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS αριθμό και μάλιστα λιγότερο τουBy 7%(!).

Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Στο σύνολο δε η οικονομία της Ε.Ε. παραμένει εξωστρεφής

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect δηλαδή οι εξαγωγές υπερτερούν τωνStudent εισαγωγών, αν και έχουν of the School of Architecture μειωτική τάση τα τρία τελευταία χρόνια.

Technical University of Crete Εντός λοιπόν αυτού του κλίματος οικονομικής ανάκαμψης, το 1. Introductory approach: Defining concept αποτέλεσμα - κατά τον Ιούνιο 2016the - του Βρετανικού δημοψηφίσματος 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, ancient Greek philosopher, (52% LEAVE, 48%the REMAIN) και μάλιστα με «εσωτερικές ασυμμετρίες» ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the για το Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο, π.χ. Σκωτία, Β. Ιρλανδία και Γιβραλτάρ άνω among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. του 60% υπέρ της παραμονής στην Ε.Ε. (REMAIN) δημιουργεί νέα acquisition of knowledge starts with the the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term δεδομένα ήδηurban «διαφοροποιημένες του Ηνωμένου 1 (and Based, στις therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated aσχέσεις» first, if (in notμεταξύ final, approach, the term gentrification) the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 Βασιλείου και των υπολοίπων 27 Κρατών Μελών της Ε.Ε. gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various Οι «διαφοροποιημένες σχέσεις» μεταξύ του Ηνωμένου Βασιλείου Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, της Βόρειας και της ΕΕ,etc. δεν είναι κάτι το «καινούριο» ή the operation ofΙρλανδίας art galleries, restaurants, However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

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2016 το BREXIT (συντομογραφία των λὲξεων British potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Exit).

The term gentrificationofiswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed buy property poor Ήδη, με τηνtrend ένταξη το 1973people του to ΗΒ, μαζί με τοinin Βασίλειο τηςof the then observed trend wealthy to there buy property poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents are Δανίας και τη Δημοκρατία της Ιρλανδίας – η γεωπολιτική της London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thusδιάσταση old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. τότε Ε.Ο.Κ. απαιτούσε «νέα στοιχεία», πρωτόγνωρα μέχρι τότε. Η being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth ένταξη δηλαδή 3ofνέων κρατών μελών (Μελών ήδηrecorded τηςofEuropean Free A description this phenomenon is situations included inwere the work Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Tradein Western Association, EFTA) στηνResearchers. «ΕΟΚ των 6» εκ των οποίων τα δύο cities countries, by other cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Since then, the issue has scholars for itsμε more ήταν νησιά,(ΗΒ, Ιρλανδία) άραResearchers. χωρίς several χερσαία κοινά and σύνορα τα Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various υπάρχοντα κράτη μέλη (ΗΒ, Ιρλανδία), το ένα δε εκ των οποίων δεν comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, following: είχε καν κωδικοποιημένο γραπτό Σύνταγμα,theως πηγή εσωτερικού interpretations the phenomenon gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon dueof to a trend of στην a new of social groups δικαίου (ΗΒ) έδωσε μία isνέα διάσταση κοινωνικοοικονομική to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money συνοχή της «ΕΟΚ των 9» δημιουργώντας έτσι την ανάγκη για μία and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the ‘ευρωπαϊκή πολιτική’(1973).

1.of The termπεριφερειακή from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin,Ηwhere she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: ανάγκη για ενδυνάμωση της κοινωνικοικονομικής συνοχής της services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for ΕΟΚ έγινε εντονότερη μεPrague, τηνfrom «προς Νότον διεύρυνση» δηλαδὴ με lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” private access markets, etc.την studies and research Geneva, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, where in According 1943 της she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

1950 sheto became teacher in the ένταξη Ελλάδος (1981) της the Ισπανίας καιInτης Πορτογαλίας (1985) to another approach, is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying γεγονὸς που θεσμοθετήθηκε οριστικὰ στη Συνθήκη του Μάαστριχτ her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: (1992, ὰρθρο 130 περὶ οικονομικής και κοινωνικής συνοχής).

G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

24

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

Ωστόσο, η δυναμική που ανέπτυξε η προοπτική ολοκλήρωσης μιας ενιαίας αγοράς, με συμμετέχοντες τους 5 μεγάλους της ΕΟΚ των 12 (Γερμανία, Αγγλία, Γαλλία, Ιταλία, Ισπανὶα), ήταν εμφανής και επηρέαζε την περαιτέρω διαδικασία διευρύνσεως της Ευρωπαϊκής Κοινότητας/ Ένωσης σε 28 Κρὰτη - Μέλη σὴμερα χάρη στην Συνθήκη της Νίκαιας και της «αναθεωρητικὴς» Συνθήκης της Λισαβόνας (2009) Mr. George-Sp. Κρὰτους-Μὲλους C. ATHANASOPOULOS που έδωσε και την δυνατὸτητα By «αποχωρήσεως απὸ Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, την ΕΕ» (Αρθρο 50)..

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Κατά την περίοδο αυτὴ, ενώ τα οικονομικά οφὲλη του ΗΒ ὴταν Student of the School of Architecture εμφανή χάρη στην έντονη δικτύωσή του με τους μηχανισμούς τα Technical Universityκαι of Crete τραπεζικὰ όργανα της Ε.Ε και της εσωτερικής αγοράς, η άρνησή του να approach: the concept μην1. Introductory ενταχθεί στο ενιαίοDefining νόμισμα EURO (optingoutclause), η μη 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, αποδοχή της ελεύθερης διακίνησης ευρωπαίων πολιτών βάσει της ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the Συνθήκης Σένγκεν καθὼς και άλλες εξαιρέσεις και προνόμια υπέρ του among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. ΗΒ, «διαφοροποίησε «περαιτέρω την σχέση ΗΒ-Ε.Ε έτσι ώστε ο acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term προσεκτικὸς αναλυτὴς των Συνθηκὼν ότι ήδη the αυτές 1 (and Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a να first,διαπιστὼνει if (in notthe final, approach, term urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 αφορούν σε «27 συν 1 Κρὰτη μὲλη !» παρα σε «28 ισὸτιμα»… gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various Κατά την άποψη του γράφοντος αυτό το γεγονός ήταν και είναι η Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, γενεσιουργὸς αιτία του Ευρωσκεπτικισμού και των λαικιστικών the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation ofconsequences artτης galleries, restaurants, etc.also However regardless whatever other has, results risingthis of “change”, landτην prices (and theof επιθέσεων κατὰ Ε.Ε που οδήγησαν και υλοποίησαν διεξαγωγή whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relativeαλλά speculation). του ιστορικού οριακοὺ Δημοψηφίσματος από την Κυβέρνηση των potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is Cameron. found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Συντηρητικών του David The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property poor Η μετά την απόφαση του δημοψηφίσματος της 23inin Ιουνὶου 2016of the then observed trend wealthy people to there buy property poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents are περίοδος χαρακτηρίστηκε από δύο παράλληλες London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there andκαι thusασυντόνιστες old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. μεταξύ τους εξελίξεις: being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth α) υπήρξε άμεση πολιτική αλλαγήinwere στην του A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included the workκυβέρνηση of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Πρωθυπουργού Davidby other Cameronλόγω cities in Western countries, Researchers. παραιτήσεώς του και cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue several scholars andπροηγηθεί for its more αντικαταστάσεώς του has από την Teresa May, ενώ είχε ήδη η Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various παραίτηση του εκπροσώπου του Ηνωμένου Βασιλείου στην comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: Ευρωπαϊκή Επιτροπή Lord Jonathan Hill, ο οποίος και αντικατεστάθη, interpretations of the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, is dueof togentrification, a trend of aαπό new of social groups σύμφωνα μεthe τιςphenomenon προβλεπόμενες διαδικασίες, τον Sir Julian King ως to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money νέο Μὲλος υπό τον Πρόεδρο Jean-Claude Juncker. and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the β) ηterm Ευρωπαϊκή μετάGLASS, από τη δήλωση τηςsearch κυβερνήσεως The fromΕπιτροπή Sociologist Ruth 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS wasbetter born in sense1.of safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, for Berlin, where she made her first studies.

In 1932 she publishedτο an important study entitled: του Ηνωμένου Βασιλείου ότι θα υλοποιήσει αποτέλεσμα του services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for δημοψηφίσματος, όρισε Prague, «ειδικό πληρεξούσιο», τον to Γάλλο πρώην lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, London and car Neweasier York she came back to London, in According 1943 sheκαι published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 sheto became teacher in the Υπουργό της Ευρωπαϊκής Επιτροπής Michel Barnier, να to μέλος another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying χειριστεί αποκλειστικά τις σχέσεις της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης για το her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

συγκεκριμένο θέμα BREXIT με τους εκπροσώπους της Κυβέρνησης του Ηνωμένου Βασιλείου. Στις 29 Μαρτίου του 2017, η Κυβέρνηση του Ηνωμένου Βασιλείου κατέθεσε αίτημα σύμφωνα με το άρθρο 50 της συνθήκης της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης-πρώτο Κράτος Μέλος που το ενεργοποιεί, προκειμένου να δηλώσει «την πρόθεσή της να αποχωρήσει από την

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση» εντός διετίας όπως προβλέπεται και να Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, δημιουργήσει για το ΗΒ μια» νέα βαθειά και ειδική σχέση συνεργασίας

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect –deep and special partnership- με μια δυνατή ΕΕ».

Student of the School of Architecture Στις 29 Απριλίου του 2017, το ΕυρωπαϊκόTechnical Συμβούλιο σε έκτακτη University of Crete συνεδρίασή του υπό τον Donald Tusk, έλαβε δύο σημαντικές 1. Introductory approach: the conceptοδηγίες διαπραγμάτευσης αποφάσεις σχετικές με τιςDefining κατευθυντήριες 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, προκειμένου να ολοκληρωθεί εντός διετίας, δηλαδή στις 29 Μαρτίου ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 aΒασιλείου great the του 2019,η οριστική έξοδος του Ηνωμένου από την among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. Ευρωπαϊκή acquisition ofΈνωση. knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Νομικὴ βασηurban αποτέλεσε το άρθρο και συγκεκριμένα η δεύτερη 1 (and Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a50 first, if (in not final, approach, the term gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 παράγραφος που προβλέπει: «Με βάση τις οδηγίες, η Ένωση θα gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various διαπραγματευθεί και να συνομολογήσει συμφωνία με το κράτος, Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, καθορίζοντας τιςgalleries, διευθετήσεις γιαetc.την αποχώρησή τουthere (του ΗΒ), the operation of art restaurants, However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever otherυπ’όψιν consequences has, results also rising of του landσχέσης prices (and theof λαμβάνοντας το πλαίσιο της μελλοντικής με την whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative Ένωση.» potential relative speculation). at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to TheΕδόθη term gentrification δε η εντολήis found και η εξουσιοδότηση στον Michel Burnier να The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of toτου buy property in poor διαπραγματευτεί με την Κυβέρνηση Βασιλείου, the then observed trend wealthy people to buy Ηνωμένου property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof λαμβάνοντας πρωταρχικά υπόψιν το Ευρωπαϊκό των 27 London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes thereσυμφέρον and thus oldκαι residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. κρατών-μελών. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth υλοποίηση του περιεχομένου παραπάνω το A Για description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations includedτων inwere the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at την the same while similar recorded inοδηγιών other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Ευρωπαϊκό Συμβούλιο 27 ζήτησε να γίνει η υλοποίηση αυτή σε δύο cities in Western countries,των by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, byάλλης other Researchers.

Since then, the issue της has preoccupied scholars and for its more φάσεις, την μία έπειτα και όχιseveral παράλληλα.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, Κατά την διάρκεια της πρώτης φάσης πρέπει ναfrom διευκρινιστούν comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: ιδιαίτερα: Πρώτον, τα δικαιώματα των πολιτών των κρατών-μελών interpretations the phenomenon of thecategory following: In κατοικούν a sense, theof phenomenon is dueστο togentrification, a Ηνωμένο trend of a new of social groups που και εργάζονται Βασίλειο και των μελών to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money των οικογενειών τους, καθώς επίσης τα δικαιώματα των Βρετανών and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the πολιτών πουatcomes κατοικούν και εργάζονται στα centres, 27Ruth κράτη-μέλη τηςin 1.of The term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

GLASS for wasbetter born sense safety the distributed residencies outside town search Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης. services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Δεύτερον, διευθέτηση των χερσαίων συνόρων μεταξύ Ιρλανδίας lower living cost of,ηin “withdrawal” from private access to markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

1950 sheto became teacher in the και Βόρειας Ιρλανδίας προκειμένου να μηνInδημιουργηθούν εμπόδια to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying στην λειτουργία της Ενιαίας Ευρωπαϊκής αγοράς. her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

26

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

Τρίτον, ο υπολογισμός του χρηματικού ποσού, το οποίο πρέπει να καταβληθή από το Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο και που είναι ανάλογο των δεσμεύσεων και υποχρεώσεων που έχει αναλάβει υπό την ιδιότητά του ως κράτος μέλος. Στις8 Ιούνιου 2017 και μετά από πρόωρες γενικὲς εκλογές η Teresa May και οι Συντηρητικοί κέρδισαν μεν αλλά έχασαν την Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS απόλυτη πλειοψηφία έτσι ώστε By η νὲα κυβέρνησηC.δεν ισχυροποιήθηκε Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, όπως ανάμεναν οι υποστηρικτές του BREXIT.

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Μετά τις προκαταρκτικές συζητήσεις και επαφές ορίστηκαν Student of the School of Architecture «γύροι διαπραγματεύσεων» διάρκειας μιαςTechnical εβδομάδος γιαof Crete τις University συνεδριάσεις των εκπρόσωπων του ΗΒ (υπο τον David Davis)και των Introductory approach: the concept 271.κρατών-μελών (υπο τονDefining Michel Barnier) 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the 20ης ancient Greek philosopher, Στη σύνοδο της Οκτωβρίου 2017,το Ευρωπαϊκό Συμβούλιου ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the με βάση τους πέντε πρώτους γύρους των διαπραγματεύσεων και την among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. αξιολόγηση υπέβαλε οwith διαπραγματευτής της Ένωσης Μichel acquisition of που knowledge starts theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Barnier, ανακοίνωσε 1 (and urban Based, therefore, onότι: this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 Εκφράζει την ικανοποίησή τουisarea, για την πρόοδο πουthis, σημειώθηκε gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city the removal (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various όσον αφορά τα δικαιώματα του πολίτη και καλεί τον διαπραγματευτή ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, να βασιστεί στην επιτευχθείσα σύγκλιση, προκειμένου να the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever otherηconsequences has, results also rising land prices (and theof παρασχεθούν αναγκαία ασφάλεια δικαίου και οιof αναγκαίες εγγυήσεις whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, πολίτες results also of land (and the potential σε όλουςrelative τους ενδιαφερόμενους καιrising τα μέλη τηςprices οικογένειάς potential relative speculation).

The οι term gentrification is found first inσε the θέση UK in early 1960s andάμεσα it refersτα to τους, οποίοι θα πρέπει ναat είναι να ασκούν The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor δικαιώματά τους trend που απορρέουν απόto το καιof the then observed wealthy sometimes people buy ενωσιακό property in δίκαιο poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves there and thus old residents are προστατεύονται από τη συμφωνία αποχώρησης, και δη μέσω ομαλών London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. και διοικητικών διαδικασιών και του ρόλου Δικαστηρίου being indirectly “squeezed”.

Aαπλών description of this phenomenon is included in the work του of Sociologist Ruth A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης· GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Αναγνωρίζει ότι,byόσον αφορά την Ιρλανδία, έχει σημειωθεί cities in Western countries, other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has severalεπί scholars and for και its more σχετική πρόοδος σε σχέση με τη σύγκλιση των αρχών των Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from στόχων που αφορούν την προστασία της Συμφωνίας της Μεγάλης comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon ofτης gentrification, thebelow, following: Παρασκευής και τη διατήρηση Κοινής Ταξιδιωτικής Περιοχής, και interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups ζητεί από τον διαπραγματευτή της Ένωσης να επιδιώξει τη to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money λεπτομερέστερη επεξεργασία των αρχών αυτών, λαμβάνοντας and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the παράλληλα υπόψιν τη σημαντική πρόκληση που η αποχώρηση 1.of The term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born in sense safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside townσυνιστά centres, for Berlin, where she made her first studies. Inτης 1932δημιουργίας she published anδυσπροσπέλαστων important study entitled: του ΗΒ, ιδίως για την αποφυγή services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for συνόρων, και τον λόγο αυτό αναμένει από ΗΒ υποβάλει και lower living cost για of, in “withdrawal” from private easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car New Yorkτο she cameνα back to London, in 1943 she published studies regarding city planning.

In 1950 she became teacher in the According to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic να ακολουθήσει ευέλικτες και δημιουργικές λύσεις, που υπαγορεύειand η University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying ιδιαίτερη κατάσταση Ιρλανδίας· her work are characterized της by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns Επισημαίνει ότι, ενώ τοByΗΒ δηλώσει Mr.έχει George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS ότι θα τιμήσει τις οικονομικές υποχρεώσεις Harvard University, Graduateπου School of Design, Student, Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect ανέλαβε ως μέλος, οι δηλώσειςByαυτές δεν έχουν Student of the School of Architecture ακόμη μετουσιωθεί σε σταθερή και συγκεκριμένη Technical University of Crete δέσμευση από το ΗΒ για ρύθμιση όλων αυτών των υποχρεώσεων.

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1.Με Introductory approach: the βάση την αυτή, philosopher, το concept Ευρωπαϊκό ANTISTHENIS, theπρόοδο ancientDefining Greek (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among otherζητεί wise heritage he left us, he a great the Συμβούλιο να συνεχιστούν οι established εργασίες (444 με among wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with ofκαι theνα content concepts. the στόχο ναother εδραιωθεί η επιτευχθείσα σύγκλιση acquisition of οι knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term συνεχιστούν διαπραγματεύσεις, έτσι ώστε να 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) gentrification μπορέσει να 1 (and γίνειurban το gentrification) συντομότερο δυνατό(inηthe area of Planning)(or gentrification indicated (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal from this, (in various μετάβαση στο δεύτερο στὰδιο.

Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, Συμπερασματικά σήμερα εκτιμούμε ότι ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of ενάμιση χρόνο μετά το δημοψήφισμα η κατάσταση the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever other consequences has, results also rising για το μέλλον του ΗΒ και της αποχώρησης του απόof land prices (and the potential relative speculation). potential relative speculation). τηνThe ΕΕterm παραμένει ακόμη ασαφής. υπάρχει gentrification is found at first inΔεν the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor καμία πρόβλεψη σε ποιο καθεστώς θα βρίσκεται η 1960s the then observed trend of wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves and thus old residents areof σχέση ΗΒ-ΕΕ μετά τις 29 Μαρτίου 2019: London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. αποχώρηση του“squeezed”. ΗΒ χωρίς μελλοντική συμφωνία με being indirectly A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth την A description ΕΕ ή of this παράταση της περιόδου phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar in other major διαπραγματεύσεων για μια ακόμη διετία δηλαδὴ GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. μὲχρι τις 29 Μαρτὶου 2021 έξαλλου cities in Western countries, byόπως other προβλέπει Researchers.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars andthe for various its more το άρθρο 50 της approach Συνθήκηςare ΕΕ;being summarized below, comprehensive from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various Είναι τὲλος βέβαιον ότιof gentrification, η ασάφεια the των interpretations of the phenomenon following: interpretations theπροκαλεί phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is αρνητικές dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups εξελίξεων αυτών επιπτώσεις to “return” to the city, the purlieus several reasons: high costs in money στην οικονομία και leaving μεταβάλλει τους for συσχετισμούς and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the της κοινής γνώμης BREXIT/REMAIN κυρίως στο ΗΒ, termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, τοBerlin, οποίο όμως τηςan important where she παραμὲνει made her firstισότιμο studies. Inκρὰτος 1932 sheμὲλος published study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment.

The she left Germanyκαι and after continuous movements for ΕΕ μεliving ανὲπαφα όλαsameταyearfrom δικαιὼματα τις lower cost of, “withdrawal” private car easier access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came to back to London, υποχρεὼσεις του studies μὲχρι τηνthe οριστική του in According 1943 she published regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where sheσυντελεστεί. continued her social research. brokers Her public and αποχώρηση, όποτε και αν αυτή long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Συνεχίζεται…..

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