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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Typesθεωρία of Intervention, Μινιμαλισμός˙ ή στυλ Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Της κυρίας Ελ. ΧΑΤΖΗΝΙΚΟΛΑΟΥ Concerns

Αρχιτέκτ., MSc UCL (University College London) Εντετ. Διδάσκ. Σχ. Αρχιτεκτ. Πανεπ. Νεάπολις, Πάφος.

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Αν ανατρέξει κανείς στο Oxford Dictionary ορισμός τη λέξη Student ofοthe School για of Architecture University Crete “minimalism”, ελληνοποιημένο μινιμαλισμός Technical ταυτίζεται με ofτρεις

50

προσεγγίσεις: 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Minimal art. Προσδιορισμός στη τέχνη (γλυπτική και 1. —Introductory approach: the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ζωγραφική) η οποία αναπτύχθηκε τη δεκαετία του ’60-“principle”: στην Αμερική, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the με μότο τη φράση “You see what you see.” among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the — Σύγχρονο κίνημα στη μουσική οποίο χαρακτηρίζεται από την acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” aτοfirst, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term επανάληψη πολύurban μικρών στοιχείων-φράσεων τα area οποία αλλάζουν (and gentrification) is of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various σταδιακά προκαλώντας ένα περιβάλλον ύπνωσης.

Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, from this, (inartists, ways), social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement of —ofΕκούσια απουσία διακόσμησης και στολιδιών στηthere μόδα ήvarious τον ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of σχεδιασμό. the operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However this “change”, regardless of whatever other has, results rising of land prices (and the Στηνother εγκυκλοπαίδεια Britannica ο also όροςrising “minimalism” ταυτίζεται whatever consequences has, results of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). με την ορολογία “minimal art”. Στην επεξήγηση υπάρχει αναφορά στο potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to μινιμαλισμό στη μουσική στο in design (εφαρμοσμένες τέχνες).

The term gentrification foundόχι atpeople first the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofisαλλά wealthy to buy property in poor Οιupgrade πιο πάνω ορισμοί αναφέρονται the then observed trend wealthy sometimes peopleκύρια to there buyστην property in(ζωγραφική, poor areas London, them, stay of themselves andτέχνη thus old residents areof London, upgrade them,μουσική stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are γλυπτική) και“squeezed”. στη και δευτερευόντως στις εφαρμοσμένες being indirectly being indirectly A description ofστις this phenomenon is included in the work Sociologist τέχνες (design)“squeezed”. οποίες θα μπορούσε κανείς να ofεντάξει και Ruth την A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major Αρχιτεκτονική.

GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities inΤο Western countries, by otherτίθεται Researchers. ερώτημα το οποίο είναι, πότε εντάχθηκε ο όρος cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars for its more μινιμαλισμός βιβλιογραφικά στην Ιστορία και and Θεωρία της Since then, the issue has several scholars and for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from the Αρχιτεκτονικής; comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: Αν ανατρέξει κανείς στο βιβλίο του Kenneth Frampton, Modern interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups Architecture.

A critical History, ο όρος μινιμαλισμός δεν χρησιμοποιείται to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money ως time ιδιαίτερη με σαφή χαρακτηριστικά αρχιτεκτονικής and to travelκατηγορία from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the 1.

The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS κριτικός wasbetter born in έκφρασης. αυτού η residencies ορολογία outside (critical sense of safetyΑντί at the distributed townregionalism) centres, search for Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “atτα the heart of the city”,του (possibly) τοπικισμός θα μπορούσε ταυτιστεί με χαρακτηριστικά όρουfor Youth Unemployment.

The sameνα year she left Germany and after continuous movements lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies and research in Geneva, London and New York she back toFrampton, London, where μινιμαλισμός. Στην σελίδαPrague, δε 369 αναφερόμενος ο came Kenneth in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is(σύγχρονος due a systematic and στην αρχιτεκτονική του Peter Zumthor Ελβετός University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. Αρχιτέκτονας) αναφέρει τον όρο Seeμινιμαλισμός “minimalism” and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: προσθέτοντας και τον όρο “phenomenology”, όρος ο οποίος έχει G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

εισαχθεί φιλοσοφικά από τον Heidegger και ο οποίος έχει σχέση με τον κριτικό τοπικισμό στον οποίο ο Kenneth Frampton αναφέρεται. Επίσης, ο William J.R. Curtis στο βιβλίο του Modern Architecture since 1900, δεν χρησιμοποιεί τον όρο minimalism (μινιμαλισμός). Κατ’ αυτόν η κατηγοριοποίηση (ταξινόμηση) των αντιπροσωπευτικών έργων κατά τις τελευταίες τρεις δεκαετίες του 20ου αιώνα καθορίζεται

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS ως εξής: Harvard University, Design, Student, - Μοντέρνα αρχιτεκτονική και Graduate μνήμη. School Νέες of αντιλήψεις του

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect παρελθόντος.

Student of the School of Architecture - Το παγκόσμιο και το τοπικό. Τοπίο, κλίμα,Technical πολιτισμικά στοιχεία University of Crete - Τεχνολογία, αφαίρεση, ιδέες σε σχέση με τη φύση.

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Ο Curtis αναφέρεται στην ψυχρή αφαίρεση και την αυστηρή 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, ελαχιστοποίηση μόνο σε σχέση με την Σκανδιναβική Αρχιτεκτονική.

ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he ο left us, he established(444 aτου great the Που υπάρχει, λοιπόν, όρος μινιμαλισμός οποίου η χρήση among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. από τους ανθρώπους του design, κατά τις τελευταίες τρεις acquisition of knowledge starts with theιδιαίτερα the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term δεκαετίες και είναι ακόμα στο προσκήνιο; 1 (and Based, ήταν therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 Ο μινιμαλισμός στην Αρχιτεκτονική όρος εμφανίστηκε το gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, theως removal this, (in various δεύτερο ήμισυ της δεκαετίας του ’70. Πολλά περιοδικά και εκδόσεις Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, of low-income thethis placement there of artists, ασχολήθηκαν με τονusually όρο σε σχέση με and μονογραφίες μεμονωμένων the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other π.χ. consequences has, results rising of land prices (and theof αρχιτεκτόνων τους Legoretta, Kahn,also Ando, Rossi, Ungers κ.τ.λ. whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results rising of land prices (and the potential relative Πρωτοεμφανίστηκε δημόσια ως also θεωρητική προσέγγιση τον potential relative speculation).

The term του gentrification found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refersμε to Δεκέμβριο 1988 στοis Ιταλικό Αρχιτεκτονικό περιοδικό Rassegna The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor θεματική έκδοση trend με τον wealthy τίτλο “Minimal” και property υπεύθυνο τον areas Ιταλόof the then observed people to there buy in poor London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents are Αρχιτέκτονα καιthem, θεωρητικό του νέο-ρασιοναλισμού τηςold σχολής της London, upgrade stay themselves sometimes there and thus residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Βενετίας Gregotti. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth γεγονότα στο να επισημοποιηθεί ο other όροςmajor στη A Δύο description ofperiod, thisσυνέβαλαν phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major συγκεκριμένη συγκυρία cities in Western αυτή countries, by other Researchers. cities countries, byτης other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars more —inΗWestern ξεκάθαρη χρήση ορολογίας minimalism, “toand sayfor in its a world Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various what picture says.” comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon gentrification, the following: — Η συγκέντρωση διεθνώςof πολλών αρχιτεκτόνων στο έργο των interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new of social groups οποίων διακρίνονται μινιμαλιστικά χαρακτηριστικά. Όπως: Ando, to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Kahn, Ungers, Isozaki, Baragan, Siza, Souto de Moura, Alejandro de la and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Sota,1.of Martinez, Herzoq de Meuron, Snozzi, Gregotti κ.τ.λ.

The termat comes from and Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, search Berlin,Τη where she madeτου her first studies.

In 1932 she published an important study entitled: δεκαετία ’90 η θεωρητική συζήτηση για τον μινιμαλισμό services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for γίνεται μέσα τα Prague, αρχιτεκτονικά περιοδικά όπως το etc.

Lotus lower living cost of,από “withdrawal” from private easier access to markets, studies and research in Geneva, London and car New York she came back to London, where in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 sheto became the International, Croquis, Architectural Design, μέσα δεteacher του in ’90 to El another approach, the isστα due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying μεταφέρεται η τάση αυτή στην Αμερική μέσα από τις εκθέσεις. her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of partConstruction” of the urban web,με in 10th edit.

COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Το Wil. 1955 στο ΜΟΜΑ η London έκθεση “Light Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aκαλλιτεχνικό variety of ways, in orderτον to achieve the “assisted”, (actually επιμελητή Riley φανερώνει πώς“voluntary”, μέσα από αυστηρές 252151 11

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

ορθογωνικές μορφές υλοποιείται η νέα αρχιτεκτονική ευαισθησία και πώς επιτυγχάνεται η απόσυρση από την μέχρι τότε εκφρασμένη μορφολογικά ρητορική. Ακόμα και σήμερα δεν έχουν αποσαφηνιστεί θεωρητικά οι λόγοι γένεσης (ύπαρξης) αυτής της τάσης τη δεδομένη χρονική συγκυρία όπως και οι ερμηνευτικές παραστάσεις της. Είναι ένα ανοιχτό θέμα για Mr.συγγραφή.

George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS τους θεωρητικούς προς συζήτησηByκαι

Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Και επανερχόμαστε στο ερώτημα.

Student of the School of Architecture Μινιμαλισμός˙ θεωρία ή στυλ.

Technical University of Crete

Η προσέγγιση της πιο πάνω θέσης, θα έλεγε κανείς ότι ταυτίζεται

Introductory approach: Defining the concept τοποθετημένης σ’ ένα με 1.την ουσία της αρχιτεκτονικής πρακτικής, 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientπεριβάλλον.

Greek philosopher, συγκεκριμένο χωροχρονικό ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), amongΟother heritage heεξαρτάται left us, he από established a great the όροςwise μινιμαλισμός τον τρόπο με τον οποίο τον among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. ορίζουμε και από τον starts τρόπο αντιλαμβανόμαστε τον ρόλο της acquisition of knowledge withπου theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term αρχιτεκτονικής και του αρχιτέκτονα επέκταση στη διαμόρφωση 1 (and Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inκατ’ a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term urban gentrification) indicated area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 του κοινωνικού γίγνεσθαι. gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, Είναι οofμινιμαλισμός: the operation art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever consequences has,(ουσιώδες) results alsoόπως risingπ.χ. of land (and theof Τοother απαραίτητο χρήσιμο στονprices προϊστορικό whatever other consequences resultsτων alsoΒασιλέων rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). οικισμό στη Χοιροκιτία, στουςhas, τάφους στην Πάφο, στο potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at(Cabanon, first in the UK in early 1960sστην and it εξοχική refers to εξοχικό σπίτι του Le Corbusier France 1951), The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refers to the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor κατοικία των Herzoq and de Meuron (Tavole, Italy), κτλ. in poor areasofof the then observed trend wealthy people to there buy property London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents are Διαχρονικά κατάstay τους αρχαίους χρόνουςthere το χρήσιμο αποτελούσε London, upgrade them, themselves sometimes and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. τη βάση της φιλοσοφίας και της αισθητικής. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A Κατά description ofperiod, this phenomenon is είναι included the work of Sociologist Ruth τον Σωκράτη το χρήσιμο καιinτο αισθητικά ωραίο.

GLASS at the same while similar situations were recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major αιώνες μετά ο Viollet-le-Duc cities inΜερικούς Western countries, by other Researchers. στο βιβλίο του “Discourses in Western countries, byυποστηρίζει other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several for its more ofcities Aesthetics” (1862-’72) ότι για scholars να είσαι and αληθινός στην Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various Αρχιτεκτονική Τέχνη υπάρχουν δύο τρόποι: Πρώτον, να είσαι αληθινός comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification,Δεύτερον, the following: σύμφωνα με τις ανάγκες του προγράμματος. σύμφωνα με τις interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new of social groups μεθόδους κατασκευής. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money — Σε σχέση με το πρώτο πρέπει να εξυπηρετείς ακριβώς και απλά and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the τις προϋποθέσεις σχέση με τιςRuth ανάγκες.

1.of The termat comes from Sociologist GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the σε distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin,— where she made herτην first studies.

In 1932πρέπει she published an important study entitled: Σε σχέση με κατασκευή να υπηρετείς τα υλικά services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for σύμφωνα με τις καιfrom δυνατότητες lower living cost of,ποιότητες “withdrawal” private easier access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and car Newτους.

York she came to back to London, in According 1943Καλλιτεχνικές, she published studies regarding city planning.

In 1950 she teacher in the to another approach, the phenomenon is due tobecame a systematic and αισθητικές και μορφολογικές αναζητήσεις είναι University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying δευτερεύουσες. her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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Η ανάδειξη του κενού χώρου, of Intervention, GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types όπως π.χ. στην Αρχαία Ελληνική Αρχιτεκτονική, στην Definition, Types ofστην intervention, Concerns of Gentrification παραδοσιακή Ιαπωνική Αρχιτεκτονική, αρχιτεκτονική του Mies van de Rohe, στην αρχιτεκτονική του David Chieperfield, στην Concerns αρχιτεκτονική του Zumthor, κτλ.

Η έμφαση στην πνευματικότητα μέσω μιας θεολογικής

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS προσέγγισης. Μεγάλη έμφαση προσδίδεται στη σχέση του χώρου με το Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, φως.

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Η έμφαση στην αφαιρετική απλότητα γεωμετρικών Student of theτων School of Architecture στερεών και την ελάχιστη λειτουργία αυτών όπως π.χ. οιUniversity Πυραμίδες, η Technical of Crete δοκός επί στύλου στην Αρχαία Ελλάδα, η παραδοσιακή Αρχιτεκτονική, 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept η αρχιτεκτονική του le Corbusier, ηtheαρχιτεκτονική Mies van der 1.

Introductory approach: Defining concept (444 BCτου ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, 370 BC, Athens), Rohe, η αρχιτεκτονική του Oscar Niemeyer, του David Chieperfield, του ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the Peter Zumthor, κτλ. among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the Η therefore, χρήση των υλικών όχιthe μόνο σε σχέση με τις φυσικές acquisition of knowledge starts with the content of concepts.

Based, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the τους term 1 ιδιότητες αλλά με το τι αντιπροσωπεύουν Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification π.χ.as στην Ελληνική του Sociology well), asΑρχαία the “refining” of a cityΑρχιτεκτονική-εξιδανίκευση area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology asστην well), as the “refining” of a city area, removal this, (inartists, various μαρμάρου, αρχιτεκτονική του Mies Vanthe der Rohe,from του Herzoq and ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operationτου of artAlvaro galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of de Meuron, Siza, κτλ. the operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However this “change”, regardless of whatever other has, results rising of land prices (and the Ο ισότιμος χειρισμός της δομής και της μορφής όπως π.χ. στη whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relativeαρχιτεκτονική speculation). ή στην αρχιτεκτονική του Louis Kahn και παραδοσιακή potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to των Wiel Arets Architects, κτλ.

The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor Η χρήση πρωταρχικών παγκόσμιων αρχετυπικών the then observed trend wealthy people to there buy property in εκφράσεων poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof London, them, stay themselves there and thus old residents are όπως π.χ.upgrade στην Αρχιτεκτονική του sometimes Δημήτρη Πικιώνη, ή στους SANAA, being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. κτλ.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS same while in other major Ηat the ενεργοποίηση των similar αισθήσεων καιinwere της ατομικής εμπειρίας GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities Western countries, by other Researchers.αντίληψης. Το φως, η ύλη, η μέσαinστα πλαίσια μιας φαινομενολογικής cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more σχέση μεταξύ χρήστη καιhas χώρου εντείνεται. Η κίνηση, η αφή, το Since then, the issue several scholars andthe forβλέμμα its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from various είναι σημαντικά στοιχεία στην πιο πάνω σχέση. below, from the various comprehensive approach are being summarized interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: π.χ.of στη Βυζαντινή στην αρχιτεκτονική του interpretations the phenomenon of thecategory following: In aΌπως sense, the phenomenon is dueΑρχιτεκτονική, togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups Tadao Ando ή στην αρχιτεκτονική τουforZumthor, κτλ. high costs in money to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus several reasons: Η ερμηνεία του όρου μινιμαλισμός στην Ιαπωνική καιof the τη and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack 1.

The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS was born Σκανδιναβική βασίζεται, στην προσέγγιση, sense of safety atπροσέγγιση the distributed residenciesκύρια outside townΙαπωνική centres, search for betterin Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, του education, entertainment “at the heart of theτη city”, (possibly) στην εμπειρία η she οποία προέρχεται Βουδιστική Youth Unemployment.

Theκενού same year left Germany and afterαπό continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, and New York she came backστις to London, παράδοση. Στο in πνεύμα wabi London και στις ιδέες του Ζεν, οποίες in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and επιτυγχάνεται η προσωπική επιβεβαίωση και απελευθέρωση μέσα από University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by aυλικό passionκόσμο. for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. τον διαχωρισμό από τον and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

54

Επηρεασμένη από την Ιαπωνική φιλοσοφία του Ζεν είναι η Αγγλική σχολή όπου ένας από τους χαρακτηρισμένους από τη βιβλιογραφία ως εκπροσώπους της, ο John Pawson, έζησε τέσσερα χρόνια στη χώρα αυτή και θήτευσε στη φιλοσοφία wabi. Κατά τον John Pawson ο μινιμαλισμός είναι το τρίπτυχο απλότητα (simplicity), αφαίρεση (reduction), ουσία (essence).

By Mr.από George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Μερικοί από τους ορισμούς την Αγγλοσαξονική πλευρά Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, όπως διατυπώνονται σε διάφορα άρθρα είναι:

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect — Ελαχιστοποίηση των στοιχείων της Αρχιτεκτονικής με κύρια Student of the School of Architecture χαρακτηριστικά την απλότητα, την γραμμικότητα, την ελαχιστοποίηση Technical University of Crete των χρωμάτων, του επιπέδου των λεπτομερειών.

1. Introductory approach: the concept — Η τελειότητα και ηDefining ποιότητα του αντικειμένου επιτυγχάνεται 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientκαι Greek philosopher, μέσα από την αφαίρεση όταν όλα τα συνιστάμενα στοιχεία, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the λεπτομέρειες, συνδέσεις ελαχιστοποιούνται στην(444 ουσία τους. among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts.

— Ελαχιστοποίηση της αρχιτεκτονικής στην πρωταρχική της ύλη, acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term το χώρο, καιon τηthis μάζα.

1φως Based,το therefore, “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 Ο αγγλικός μινιμαλισμός αναπτύχθηκε μικρότερα έργα gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in από thefrom area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, theμέσα removal this, (in various και κύρια μέσα από εσωτερικούς χώρους (εσωτερικά σπιτιών, Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement of artists, boutiques, galleries, εστιατόρια), μεetc.κύριους εκπρόσωπους του τους the operation of art galleries, restaurants, However this “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has,Silvestrin results also land prices (and theof David Chiperfield, John Pawson, καιrising TonyofFreton. whatever otherτις consequences has, results rising ofστο landσυγκεκριμένο prices (and the potential speculation). Εάνrelative όλες πιο πάνω απόψεις τιςalso εντάξουμε potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in earlyτότε 1960sμπορεί and it refers to χωροχρονικό περιβάλλον στο οποίο αναφέρονται, κανείς The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor να σε δύοtrend προσεγγίσεις: theοδηγηθεί then observed wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof Η προσέγγιση λέει ότι μετά από περιόδους κρίσης γίνεται London, upgrade them,που stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. ανακύκλωση της αρχιτεκτονικής και επιστροφή σε αρχέτυπες μορφές. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Αρχιτεκτονική Αρχαίων A—description ofperiod, thisτων phenomenon isχρόνων. included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar situations in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Μοντερνισμός ’20 Researchers. σε αντιδιαστολή με την ακαδημαϊκή cities in— Western countries,του by other cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue several scholars and for its more αιώνα (νεοκλασικισμός). αρχιτεκτονική του 19ουhas Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andτη for μεγάλη its more comprehensive approach are being summarized the various — Μπρουταλισμός μετά το international Style from και comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: εμπορευματοποίηση της αρχιτεκτονικής. interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a— sense, theof phenomenon dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups Μινιμαλισμός του is ’80 ως αποτέλεσμα της μεταμοντέρνας to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money κοινωνίας και της μεταμοντέρνας αρχιτεκτονικής (η αρχιτεκτονική η and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the οποία βασίζεται στον νεοκλασικισμό καιcentres, στην 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth αναγνωρίσιμη GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the κύρια distributed residencies outside town search Berlin, whereδιακόσμηση). she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: συμβολική services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Το σεin έκθεση στη Βαρκελώνη με “Less is London, More” οι lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private access to markets, etc.where studies and1996 research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier Yorkθέμα she came back to in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher της in the επιμελητές της έκθεσης υποστήριξαν ότι, στην εξέλιξη to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying αρχιτεκτονικής πραγματικότητας υπάρχουν γεγονότα κρίσης όπου her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of partαρχών. of the urban web,τη in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: κυκλικά αναζητούν μια επαναφορά των βασικών Κατά Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aγνώμη variety τους of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually αυτό το Abstract. ξανα-κοίταγμα έχει σαν αποτέλεσμα την

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Κάποιοι από τους θεωρητικούς θεωρούν την περίοδο του μινιμαλισμού Concerns σαν επανάληψη του μοντέρνου κινήματος του ’20. επιστροφή στην αρχή, όπου η σημασία υπήρχε στην ουσία και όχι στην διακόσμηση.

Παρ’ όλα αυτά οι βασικές διαφορές μεταξύ των δύο περιόδων Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS επιγραμματικά εντοπίζονται στα By εξής: Harvard University, Graduate και School of Design,από Student, — Οι αρχές του μοντέρνου κινήματος κάποιες τις

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect εφαρμογές του είχαν σαν στόχο την κοινωνία (ιδεολογικός στόχος).

Student of the School of Architecture — Η αρχιτεκτονική γίνεται πιο άυλη αφού χρησιμοποιεί Technical University of σαν Crete βασικές προϋποθέσεις και συνθετικά υλικά (τον ήλιο, το φως, τον 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept αέρα, το πράσινο).

1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientδομή Greek — Η κατασκευαστική μεphilosopher, τη χρήση νέων υλικών λόγω της ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the βιομηχανικής επανάστασης αναπαράγει την κατασκευαστική δομή της among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. αρχαιότητας επί στύλου, ελευθερία στο χώρο. acquisition of δοκός knowledge starts withεπιτυγχάνοντας theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Η therefore, έκφραση των χαρακτηριστικών του μινιμαλισμού 1 (and urban Based, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 δημιουργείται κατά την περίοδο άνθησης της μεταμοντέρνας gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (inεποχής various και κοινωνίας.

Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, Κατά την περίοδο δηλαδή όπου η However κοινωνία σε“change”, όλες τις εκφάνσεις the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof της χαρακτηρίζεται: whatever other consequences has, results rising of landτο prices (andτο the potential relative — Από τη speculation). μαζική κουλτούρα με also παραπροϊόντα kitsch, potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to λαϊκισμό και την απογείωση των υλικών αγαθών.

The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor — Από τον καπιταλισμό και τονpeople άκρατο νεοφιλελευθερισμό the then observed trend wealthy to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof — Την απουσία ιδεολογιών.

London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Οι διαφορές δηλαδή κύρια εντοπίζονται απουσία being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work ofστην Sociologist Ruth ιδεολογικών στόχων στηνsimilar αναφορά του in αρχιτεκτονικού προϊόντος A description ofperiod, thisκαι phenomenon is situations included the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while were in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major στη μέση και ανώτερη και όχι στην ευρύτερη κοινωνία. cities in Western countries,αστική by otherτάξη Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue several scholars and for itsότι more Παρ’ όλα αυτά από has πολλούς θεωρητικούς υποστηρίζεται ο Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various μινιμαλισμός στην αρχιτεκτονική της περιόδου αυτής αποτελούσε το comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon gentrification, ου αιώνα. τελευταίο σκαλί του μοντέρνουof των αρχών τουthe 20following: interpretations the phenomenon the following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups Η δεύτερη προσέγγιση υποστηρίζει ότι category ο μινιμαλισμός δεν to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money έρχεται σε αντίθεση με τη μοντέρνα κοινωνία αλλά είναι προϊόν αυτής. and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Είναι δηλαδή έκφραση αρχιτεκτονικής μόδας και αλλαγής γούστου.

1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, for Berlin,τον where she made her first studies.

In 1932 she published anαστικής important τάξης study entitled: Κατά Jenks ο μινιμαλισμός είναι η έκφραση της στη services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for νεωτερικότητα. Αφορά δηλαδή τοand“life-style” τωνto πλουσίων. Η lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private car access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London Neweasier York she came back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacherτων in the πνευματικότητα του μινιμαλισμού εμπεριέχεται υλικότητα to another approach, the is στην due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying πιο ακριβών εμπορικών αντικειμένων. her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Οι Jenks, Ibeling και Concerns Macarthur θεωρούν ότι τα μινιμαλιστικά

κτήρια σαν φυσικά αντικείμενα καθορίζονται από τη δική τους αυτόνομη μορφολόγιση σ’ ένα νεωτερικό στυλ. C. ATHANASOPOULOS

By Mr. George-Sp.

Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASSOPOULOS Αποτελούν δηλαδή, μέρος όλης αυτής C.της καταναλωτικής Architect of the School Architecture προσπάθειας αναπαραγωγής των υλικώνStudent αγαθών μέσα απόofπαροδικές Technical University of Crete μόδες. Στην υπηρεσία αυτού του μηχανισμού 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept και συστήματος είναι και 1. Introductory Defining the concept (444 BC η διαφήμιση μέσαapproach: απόancient τα περιοδικά αρχιτεκτονικά και- 370 μη, BC, ξεκινώντας ANTISTHENIS, the Greek philosopher, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), από το κέλυφος και φτάνοντας μέχρι και το πιο μικρό αντικείμενο. among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the amongΑναφέρονται other wise heritage he left us,definition he a great the δε όλες τιςestablished ανθρώπινες εκφράσεις acquisition of knowledge startsσε with the of the content of“principle”: concepts. και acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, theμνεία term αισθήσεις, ιδιαίτερα την αναψυχή και ξεκούραση μεapproach, ιδιαίτερη 1 (and urban therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, term gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification τωνBased, χώρων εκείνων και των απαραίτητων αντικειμένων τους σε the σχέση 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various με την αναζωογόνηση του ανθρώπινου σώματος. Οι from χώροι αυτοί, οι Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement there οποίοι είναι πολύ της μόδας, είναι οι διαφόρων τύπων χώροι spa.of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”,there regardless of Τοother ερώτημα του τίτλου επανατοποθετείται καιprices διευρύνεται. the operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However regardless whatever has, results risingthis of “change”, land (and theof Άραγε οι δύο αυτές προσεγγίσεις που αναφέρθηκαν πιο πάνω whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). potential relative speculation). αντιπροσωπεύουν το δίλημμα θεωρία η πρώτη καιitτο στυλ The term gentrification is found τη at first in the(ουσία) UK in early 1960s and refers to The ηterm gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto (μόδα) δεύτερη; the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor

56

the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Διάλεξη 17/05/2016 being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Στέγη γραμμάτων και Τεχνών A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major Πάφος, Κύπρος GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various Βιβλιογραφία interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups to “return” Frampton, to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money -Kenneth Modern Architecture.

A critical History, Thames & and time to traveloffrom purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Hudson world Art,the 2007 1.of The termat from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, -William J. R.comes Curtis, Modern Architecture since 1900, Phaidon Press Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for 1996 lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, -Vladimir Stevanovic, Aapproach, reading ofcity interpretative modes of minimalism in According 1943 she published studies regarding planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another the phenomenon is due a systematic and inUniversity Architecture, 10/12/2013 College ofΔιαδίκτυο, London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. -Charles Jencks, The New Paradigm in Architecture: Language and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part The of the urban web,of in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Postmodernism, Yale University Press, New Haven, London, 2002.

G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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