Bactiquant Legionella brochure

Risk assessment of Legionella

Verify water system hygiene and decrease risk of Legionella – total bacteria in minutes

ETV TECHNOLOGY VERIFICATION · US-EPA · 2012

– total bacteria in minutes ROBUST TECHNOLOGY FOR USE ON-SITE Use the technology for on-site assessment of total bacterial load in water samples Rapid Screening of water systems for Legionella risk Post treatment verification prior to Legionella sampling Validate the efficacy of cleaning methods

EASY SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS The analysis is based on a highly sensitive fluorescence technology

Enzyme substrate

Fluorophore

The fluorescence signal is directly proportional to the content of bacteria The BactiQuant®-water is a patented technology in use worldwide

Bacteria

Legionella is widespread in water systems Legionella is a common bacteria found in natural environments. In a recent survey in the US Legionella was detected in 50% of large buildings and in up to 70% of the hospitals. Legionella is found worldwide in: Cooling towers

Respiratory equipment

Water systems in hotels

Hospitals

Ships

Water fountains

Factories

Spa pools

Poor hygiene in water systems increase risk of Legionella Legionella enters the biofilm where it can live protected.

Pieces of biofilm can spread and establish growth in the water system. Amoebae graze on biofilm and uptake Legionella. Inside the amoebae Legionella proliferate and eventually is released in high numbers into the water.

Water Systems with poor hygiene support, a high level of bacterial presence, increasing the risk of developing severe Legionella problems.

Graphics kindly provided by Adept Water Technologies

Extract from guideline for the control of Legionella ”It has been found to be very difficult to manage the microbial characteristics of a cooling system based on legionella bacteria specific data. Monitoring overall bacterial level is far more effective” Public Health and Safety Department Dubai Municipality, revised guideline June 2010.

BQW-value indicate level of bacterial load in water samples BQW-value

CFU /ml equivalent

10

10-100

100

100 -1000

1000

1000-10000

10000

10000 –100000+

The CFU equivalent is based on total bacterial counts using R2A agar, 35oC, 48 hours.

High bacterial loads in hot water can cause allergic reactions and adverse health effects In general, hot water contaminated with bacteria can cause allergic reactions such as itching and blushing skin. It can also lead to smell discoloration and development of bacterial biofilms reducing water heating efficiency.

In water samples with high bacterial loads the risk of finding the bacterial toxin – endotoxin

increases. Endotoxin is a heat stable toxin, which are present when bacterial cells are disrupted, and can cause adverse health effects if swallowed or inhaled in bio aerosols.

In large quantities endotoxins can cause hemorrhagic shock and severe diarrhea in smaller quantities they can cause fever.

Risk assessment in minutes 0 >10 Low BQ-value

>100

>1000 high BQ-value

BactiQuant® water has been used in Critical Care Facilities to identify hotspots of bacterial presence. The data from a two year survey of total bacterial load and the level of Legionella pneumophila in a Danish hospital show that with increasing bacterial load (increasing BQW-values) the risk of finding Legionella at high levels also increase.

Data from a Critical Care Facility, Courtesy of Clinical Microbiology Institute, Viborg Hospital, Denmark (2006).

Log10 (adjusted fluorescence) and log10 (CFU) – Legionella pneumophilla, serotype 2 – 1

Identification of critical hotspots 7 6 5 4 BQW value 1000

3 BQW value 100

2

BQW value 10

1 0

10

1

20

30

40

50

60

70

Sample No.

BQW

Legionella pneumophila serotype 2-14

Data showing how BactiQuant®water was used in two major hospital surveys to clearly differentiate hygienic standard and risk of finding Legionella.

1

100

Hospital 1

Hospital

Comparing BQ values in two hospitals

Hospital

Comparing legionella in two hospitals

1

1

2

2

2

1000 100 Hospital Hospital12

10000 1000 100000 10000 Legionella (CFU/L) Hospital 2

Test for no difference p=0.011

100000

10 Hospital 1

100 10

1000 100 BQW-value

Hospital Hospital12

10000 1000

Hospital 2

Test for no difference p<0.001

10000

Achieve successful remediation of water systems Rapid screening technologies as BactiQuant®-water is vital to the success of a remediation program. Conventional methods involve the collection of water samples to be submitted to a laboratory with culturing results requiring analysis times of two to four days.

With the use of BactiQuant®-water pretreatment and post-treatment bacterial loads can be assessed on-site.

The technology allows you to validate cleaning methods and to verify cleaning efficacy in near real time.

Facility management in Real time Cleaning, flushing and disinfection of water systems can be controlled and managed on-site according to the analysis results obtained with the BactiQuant®water.

APPLICATIONS INCLUDE: Rapid survey of hygiene standard in water systems Verification of microbial control Optimizing water treatments

System maintenance Legionella Awareness Water System Hygiene can be monitored rapidly and at regular intervals WHO SHOULD USE THIS TECHNOLOGY: Environmental Consultants Facility managers Industrial hygienists Inspectors Hotels

Legionella are naturally present in the environment Legionella can multiply to very high numbers in water systems.

Operation of cooling towers and potable water systems can generate aerosols (liquid droplets in air) containing high levels of Legionella, causing legionellosis an acute respiratory infection.

Testimonial BactiQuant®-water provided a rapid comparative and precise report for the bacterial loading within the water network. In a recent remediation project aimed at reducing the risk of Legionellosis in a critical care facility in Australia, the use of the technology presented significant time, logistical and financial savings.

DR. VYT GARNYS AT CETEC PTY LTD, AUSTRALIA Dr Vyt Garnys is principal consultant and managing director of CETEC Pty Ltd. Dr. Vyt Garnys has been conducting cooling tower and warm water risk assessments since 1987.

(Extract from: The Australian Hospital Engineer, September 2013)

Introduction

Introduction Methodology

Metho

M. Miller* and G. Zupin**

Microbial Waterutility quality in by water utilities d.o.o. and the industry is largely based part The water utili * and Mycometer, Science oersholm, Denmark water is testing operated Komunala and is located in the western Microbial Water quality testing in water utilities the industryD isTU largely based Park, HThe on traditional culture methods grab sampling.

If deviations arehours detected a and 7 of The on-line The on-line system was and configured to run a sample every 12 at 7 am (E-­‐mail: mmiller@mycometer.com; zofupin@microbium.si) on traditional culture methods and grab sampling.

If deviations are detected a pm. The measu new sample is measurement taken 1-3 days later stretched and actionfrom is taken. are often thContaminations th of pm.

The period the 4 of November to the 15 new sample is taken 1-3 days later and action is taken. Contaminations are often ** Microbium, Ljublanja, Slovenia December, 201 not detected before the Bactiquant water has on-line reached the consumers or has been December, 2017.

The analysis result is reported as a Bactiquant not detected before the water has reached the consumers or has been water value (B incorporated in industrial study a value new rapid on-line bacteria water value (BQWv).processes.

The BQWvInisthis a surrogate for total bacterial presence or incorporated in industrial processes. In this study a new rapid on-line bacteria Total Viable C sensorTotal was Viable evaluated in an operational environment in a Slovenian Utility.

Count (TVC).

The on-line system makes use of a Water statistical process sensor was evaluated in an operational environment in a Slovenian Water Utility. control (SPC) The results showed a clear causality betweenis heavy rainfalls anddata concomitant control (SPC) algorithm.

This algorithm applied to historic in a CCP (ISO The results showed a clear causality between heavy rainfalls and concomitant 11462-1:2001/ water11462-1:2001/-2:2010). quality issues in a ground water reservoir.

The system will results allow into the The SPC allows a translation of analysis water quality issues in a ground water reservoir. The system will allow the operational dec BactiQuant offer an online solution, which operator to predict water quality issues related to precipitation events as well as a can be commissioning in a matter of hours. operational decisions. Baselines for normal are established at each CCP and operator to predict water quality issues related to precipitation events as well as a operational thr tool to monitor and verify the effect of operational actions to counter sudden The water utility is operated by Komunala d.o.o. and is located in the western part operational threshold values are derived from the SPC algorithm in each control Microbial Waterand quality testing in water utilities and the industry is largely based tool topromptly monitor verify the effect of operational actions to counter sudden quantifies the content of bacteria microbial The online system can analyze and report point. water quality issues. of The on-line system was configured to run a sample every 12 hours at 7 am and 7 point. on traditional microbial water culture quality methods issues. and grab sampling. If deviations are detected a th of th of in water systems.

BactiQuant online can the results up to 12 times per day (24 hours). pm.

The measurement period stretched from the 4 November to the 15 new sample is taken 1-3 days later and action is taken. Contaminations are often December, 2017. Thecombination Bactiquant on-line analysis result is reportedand as a Bactiquant not detected before the water at has critical reached thecontrol consumers points or has been be implemented The unique of handheld water value (BQWv). The BQWv is a surrogate value for total bacterial presence or incorporated in industrial processes. In this study a new rapid on-line bacteria water system inUtility. online provides an unprecedented Total Viabletechnology Count (TVC). The on-line system makes use of a statistical process sensorthroughout was evaluated in anthe operational environment in a network Slovenian Water control (SPC) algorithm. This algorithm is applied to historic data in a CCP (ISO The results showed a clear causality between heavy rainfalls and concomitant industries, water utilities and aquaculture comprehensive capability to react and follow 11462-1:2001/-2:2010). The SPC allows a translation of analysis results into water quality issues in a ground water reservoir. The system will allow the The data in fig 1400 The in figure 1 shows transient periods baseline production facilities.

Theto precipitation online system is as a operational decisions.

Baselines fordeviations normal of arestable established each CCPrange and updataon water quality in aat BQW-values, wide 1400 operator to predict water quality issues related events as well superseded by 1200 superseded by short periods of significant increases in BQW-values.

The data operational threshold values are derived from the SPC algorithm in each control tool 1200 to monitor integrated and verify the effect of operational actions to counter sudden also shows a c easily in any water system and of water types.

1000 also shows a clear coincidence of heavy precipitation events (lower graph) and point. microbial water quality issues.

1000 increased BQW increased BQW-values (upper graph). There were two precipitation events 800 showing more 800 showing more than 65 mm of rain/day and one prolonged event that took place 600 over several da 600 over several days, with 40 to 50+ mm of rain / day, showing a concomitant 400 dramatic incre 400 dramatic increase in BQW-value. Three rain incidents with 20 – 40 mm of rain did not result i 200 did not result in significant changes in BQW-value. The data indicate that the 200 precipitation im 0 precipitation impact on water quality depends on the amount of precipitation 0 and/or the dura The data figure 1ofshows transient periods of stable baseline BQW-values, and/or the in duration precipitation.

0,3 70 1400 0,3 70 superseded by short periods of significant increases in BQW-values.

The data 60 chlor rain 1200 0,25 Chlorine deter 60 chlor rain 0,25 also shows a clear coincidence of heavy precipitation events (lower graph) and Chlorine determinations coincided with two of the precipitation events in start 50 1000 November and 0,2 50 increased BQW-values (upper graph). were two precipitation events November and end of December (lowerThere graph).

In both cases the increased 0,2 40 precipitation a 800 40 precipitation andthan BQW-values followed byprolonged a drop in chlorine showing more 65 mm of were rain/day and one event that took place 0,15 0,15 concentration c 30 600 over several days, with 40 to 50+ mmchange of rainin/ day, concentration corroborating a sudden watershowing quality.a concomitant 30 0,1 0,1 400 dramatic increase in BQW-value. Three rain incidents with 20 – 40 mm of20rain 20 The data also i 0,05 did data not result in significant changes in BQW-value. data indicate The also indicate that the contaminations due to The heavy rainfall canthat be 10the 0,05 200 10 flushed out of precipitation impact on water quality depends on the amount of precipitation flushed out of the system within a 12 hour period.

0 0 00 0 and/or the duration of precipitation.

0,3 70 Date Date Figure 1 : 60 chlor rain Chlorine determinations coincided with two of the precipitation events in start Figure 10,25 : 50 November and end of December (lower graph). In both cases the increased 0,2 40 Theof on-line system was evaluated awere Slovenian water The precipitation and BQW-values followed by utility. a dropwater in chlorine Data from a Slovenian utility showing coincident episodes heavy rainfall eventsin and concomitant The on-line system was evaluated in a Slovenian water utility. The 0,15 water source in the utility is ground water, which is influenced by concentration corroborating a sudden change in water quality.

30 quality issues a rawwater, water reservoir monitored

by BactiQuant online. water source in the utility in is ground which is influenced by The operationa 0,1 surface water.

The operational value of the on-line system is manifold; the data allows the 20 surface water. water utility to water utility to predict the risk of bacterial contamination related to rainfall The data also indicate that the contaminations due to heavy rainfall can be 0,05 10 events.

The location becausewithin the water suspected that heavy events. flushedwas outchosen of the system a 12utility hour period.

The location was chosen because the water utility suspected that heavy 0 0 rainfall events resulted in surface water infiltrations that overloaded the rainfall events resulted in surface water infiltrations that overloaded the The events can sediment capacity resulting in transport bacterial The filtration events can be closely monitored and theofeffect of operational actions can sediment filtration capacity resulting in transport Date of bacterial be verified in n contaminants andinorganic residues through the sediment into the chlorination, be verified near-real time.

These actions include adjusting Figure 1 : ADVANTAGES: contaminants and organic residues through the sediment into the increasing flus ground water. flushing or even turning off the water source until baseline values increasing ground water. have been re-e have been re-established.

The on-line system was evaluated in a Slovenian water utility. The Implementation of an on-line system would allow a monitoring water source in the utility is ground which influenced by Implementation of an on-line systemwater, would allow is a monitoring Eliminates labor intensive sampling and analysis -operational easy to install frequency could reveal clear to be established The that valueaof the causality on-line system is manifold;between the data allows the surface water. frequency that could reveal a clear causality to be established between heavy rain events and concomitant quality issues. waterfall utility to predict the risk ofwater bacterial contamination related to rainfall and move around heavy rain fall events and concomitant water quality issues. events.

The location was chosen because the water utility suspected that heavy Online bacterial monitoring/ minute based 24/7 results. analysis rainfall events resulted in surface water infiltrations that overloaded the The events can be closely monitored and the effect of operational actions can sediment filtration capacity resulting inwithin transport of bacterial of the analysis. results reported minutes be verified in near-real time. These actions include adjusting chlorination, contaminants and organic residues through the sediment into the increasing flushing or even turning off the water source until baseline values High accuracy. Larger sample sizes with bacteria concentrated ground water. have been re-established.

Results & Discussion

BQW-value

BQW-value

Results & Discussion

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Chlorine mg/l BQW-value

mm rain / day Chlorine mg/l

Results & Discussion

mm rain / day

Introduction

- Revolutionizing microbial monitoring Methodology

Conclusions

through filtration minimizing the risk of false positives.

Implementation of an on-line system would allow a monitoring frequency Early that couldwarning reveal a clear system. causality to beResults established accessible between heavy rain fall events and concomitant water quality issues.

from all platforms. Sets off an alarm if the result is deviating from normal.

The unique combination of handheld and online technology will provide an unprecedented comprehensive capability to react with maximum flexibility in a pollution event.

BactiQuant online also detects bacteria associated with particles and bacteria that are difficult to culture on plates

Blokken 75 DK-3460 Birkerød

Tel. +45 39 16 10 72 info@bactiquant.com

www.bactiquant.com