HIL eMagazine Issue 01

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₩ Hydrogen Industry Leaders e-magazine June 2022

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£240M NET ZERO HYDROGEN FUND: HOW TO GET YOUR BID APPROVED

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CONTENTS P / 06

Women In Hydrogen: Balancing The Gender Gap

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£240m Net Zero Hydrogen Fund: How To Get Your Bid Approved

2,000 Homes In Cheshire Could Become UK’s First Hydrogen Village

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£240m Net Zero Hydrogen Fund: How To Get Your Bid Approved

The Changing Landscape Of Electrolysers For Green Hydrogen

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Toyota Increases Hydrogen Technology Development In New Agreement

How Will Hydrogen Decarbonise The Highlands?

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International Hydrogen Projects

Women In Hydrogen: Balancing The Gender Gap P / 08 2,000 Homes In Cheshire Could Become Uk’s First Hydrogen Village

P / 16 P / 18 The Role Of CCUS In The Hydrogen Economy

P / 10 The Hydrogen Tanker That Is Key To Renewable Energy Future

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FOREWORD H OW DO WE CR E ATE A GLOBAL HYDROGEN MARKET? In the future, hydrogen - in whatever form - will be the bedrock of low carbon energy in almost every sector and industry it touches.

As hydrogen production scales up across the globe, it is becoming more apparent that we need a global framework for hydrogen distribution if we are to deliver a net zero future.

In this issue, Peter Wells, CEO at LH2 Europe and Job Volwater, Founder at C-Job Naval Architects, argue that green hydrogen pipelines are closer than we think as they deploy their new hydrogen tanker, which is key to a renewable energy future.

Projects like this pose the question: How close are we to a global hydrogen pipeline and what are the barriers to scalability?

Differing global policies can be one of the largest barriers to scalability as pipelines that work for one country/continent may not be applicable for others. We just need to look at COP26, where countries such as China and Russia refused to back some of the climate policies announced.

Cost also plays a huge role in the scaling up of hydrogen production to get to the level needed to be able to export across the world. As electrolysers become more efficient and contracts for differences start to play more of a role in the dictation of clean energy pricing, then we will see the market emerge on a scale unseen in any other industry.

In the meantime, Hydrogen Industry Leaders takes a look at how current hydrogen projects, innovations and policies are shaping the hydrogen economy that will undoubtedly lead the way for the future of low carbon energy.

Floyd March f.march@peloton-events.co.uk

hydrogenindustryleaders.com e-magazine

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NET ZERO £240M N ET Z E RO H Y DROG E N FU N D : HOW TO G ET YOU R BI D APPROVE D

As the Net Zero Hydrogen Fund (NZHF) opened on Monday, 25th April, Hydrogen Industry Leaders highlight the objectives of the fund and the requirements for a successful bid.

The aim of the NZHF is to provide capital expenditure (CAPEX) and development expenditure (DEVEX). This will support the commercial deployment of new low carbon hydrogen production projects during the 2020s.

This ensures that the UK has a diverse and secure decarbonised energy system fit for meeting the UK ambition of 10GW low carbon hydrogen production by 2030 and its commitment to reach net zero by 2050.

This competition relates to Strand 1 only, with the second strand being delivered through a separate competition. Additionally, strands 3 and 4 will be provided by BEIS.

Credibility, scalability and environmental benefits are all high priority aspects Your proposal for strand one must demonstrate how you will develop a credible project that will contribute to the at-scale production of low carbon hydrogen by 2025. Funded projects must support the delivery of the 10GW production target by 2030 set out in the Energy Security Strategy.

The NZHF will deliver up to £240 million via four strands, including DEVEX and CAPEX for the first two strands.

Four main strands of investment to increase innovation DEVEX support for front end engineering design (FEED) and post-FEED studies to grow the UK’s future pipeline of hydrogen projects. CAPEX for projects that do not require a hydrogen specif ic business model. Low carbon hydrogen projects can deploy based on capital expenditure support and start construction rapidly.

Strand 3 is CAPEX for projects requiring a hydrogen business model (HBM) and sitting outside the hydrogen business model, and sitting outside the Phase 2 cluster sequencing process. In contrast, strand 4 is CAPEX for carbon capture usage and storage (CCUS) enabled projects that require a hydrogen specific business model and are part of the Phase 2 cluster sequencing process.

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Hydrogen production projects will be able to apply for co-funding through Strand 1 if they require DEVEX support for the cost of f ront-end engineering design or post-FEED expenditures or both.

Where appropriate, support will also be available for FEED and post-FEED costs for associated on-site transport and storage infrastructure.

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The project’s total grant requested must be between £80,000 and £15 million, and FEED studies include the following:

• Equipment definition (equipment datasheets, specifications) • Equipment pricing (bid lists, bid packages)

• Cost estimation (capital costs, operating costs)

• Plant layout & model (plot plan)

• Commercial proposal (cost, schedule, performance guarantees)

• Material quantification (material take-off, physical drawings)

• Environmental impacts and mitigation

• Engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) execution planning (EPC schedule, contract plan)

HYDROGEN TECHNOLOGY TOYOTA INCREASES HYDROGEN TECHNOLOGY DE VE LOPM E NT I N N EW AG RE E M E NT

Toyota has signed a new memorandum of understanding with Air Liquide and CaetanoBus to help develop hydrogen systems in Europe. Hydrogen Industry Leaders gives you a snapshot of the project.

Air Liquide – a France-based industrial gases and technology firm – and Portuguese bus and chassis manufacturer CaetanoBus will collaborate with Toyota in the project that hopes to accelerate the expansion of hydrogen mobility.

It will focus on improving both light and heavy-duty vehicles as the industry decarbonises the transport sector.

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The three companies will combine their efforts to address the entire value chain of hydrogen mobility, ranging from the renewable or low-carbon production of hydrogen to refuelling infrastructure. An end-to-end supply chain is essential for the future of hydrogen-fuelled vehicles.

Toyota is one of two manufacturers that offers a hydrogen-powered vehicle in the UK, with its Mirai. Currently, there are 14 hydrogen filling stations open to the public in the UK, so scalability is also an important objective.

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GENDER GAP PODCAST

Listen To The Full Podcast Here

WOM E N I N H Y DROG E N : BAL ANCI NG TH E G E N DE R GAP

we will see much more innovation. All the research comes back and says the more diverse a group is, the more innovative, effective and efficient it is. They are business metrics that could be turned into profit.

So for that alone, we should be embracing more women in this industry because if it increases a profit line for a company, isn’t that the best reason to do it?

Q | How do you think we can encourage women to get into hydrogen?

Dr. Kerry-Ann Adamson

Global Strategic Advisor – Hydrogen at Worley

Q | Why do you think it’s important we see more women in the hydrogen industry?

A | It is not just about hydrogen, we both know that, right? It’s about every industry.

It’s about creating a space where diversity of thought, opinion, religious belief, gender, everything is not just welcomed but is enacted. We have got ten years to change the world - not just on hydrogen - but we have ten years or less to start getting us weaned off carbon dioxide. The whole climate change debate, we do not have time to sit and pontificate now about how we are going to do this, and if we ignore 51 per cent of society by not bringing on women, we are hobbling ourselves from the start.

By creating a far more gender-balanced or just a complete balanced diversification,

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A | If we are talking about younger women in STEM, I love that STEM seems to be switching into STEAM, by adding the arts.

That is so important for us to give a more rounded approach to encouraging women into these different organisations. We need the arts and science to sit side by side they should never be separate. Amazingly, they aren’t so segregated as they are, because science communication is all about the art of communication, the word art is in there.

How do we encourage girls into science, or young women into science, STEAM and hydrogen? We need role models. If you can see it, you can do it. Universities are starting - and it is fantastic to see - broader courses, including some good hydrogen courses. Also, we need to educate that hydrogen is not about engineering. It is a little about engineering, but hydrogen is also about law and economics; carbon; digital; policy; entrepreneurship; innovation; hydrogen is about everything.

Hydrogen is touching every single potential workplace you can imagine going forward. It is also about fire services because how do our first responders respond if there is a hydrogen fire? It is

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about saying, no matter what workforce you want to go into in the future, you have the potential to get involved with hydrogen and get excited about it. There are far too many dry speeches about the future. You need to get excited right now.

The more we get excited about the future, the more we can get involved.

The second part of this is, that it’s not just about the younger generation that’s so important for the future, it’s also about the now. It’s back to that ‘we have ten years to change the world’. We can’t put so much responsibility on the younger generation to say, there you go, you do it.

We need to be doing it now and we need to be encouraging far more people into the industry who have that diversity of thought.

It’s so important that these conversations happen to ensure that the noise and topic never goes away until we have genuine diversity in teams.

I met an amazing female hydrogen lawyer the other day - these things are starting to exist, which is fantastic. She was so passionate about the legal aspects of hydrogen, and I just sat back and thought: “Wow, this is amazing.”

I would never have thought of hydrogen lawyers, but they exist. It’s all about building that excitement and saying it’s a safe space. If you go to any hydrogen conference, it is probably 1:10 women to men, but it’s got to be a space where women can come to.

Not only is this an exciting industry, but I want to pitch in. We need more mentors, it’s the whole thing about ‘don’t kick the ladder away behind you’ - if you get up there, and for all those women who have reached the top, pull up other women behind you, and encourage other women.

The more we can do this, the better it is for everybody. This is not them and us, this is an us and us.

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HYDROGEN VILLAGE 2 ,000 HOM E S I N CH E S H I RE COU LD BECOM E U K ’ S F I RST H Y DROG E N VI LL AG E

A new development announced by Ofgem, and BEIS could see up to 2,000 homes in Ellesmere Port, Cheshire be operated through hydrogen gas by 2025.

Hydrogen Industry Leaders looks at the Hydrogen Village programme and what it means for hydrogen being used nationally.

Natural gas currently accounts for about 23 per cent of the UK’s carbon dioxide emissions and now the UK is on an important journey to make heating more environmentally friendly.

Bringing low-carbon hydrogen to heat homes and business is the next step the UK must take.

In 2025, the first UK village will swap from natural gas to hydrogen. Two Hydrogen Village locations are being considered. One is in an area within Whitby, Ellesmere Port and the other is in the North East.

Hydrogen Village will provide insight for national hydrogen future Ellesmere Port’s proposal has been put forward by gas distribution network Cadent and British Gas and is supported

by Cheshire West and Chester Council.

It was identified as an ideal location for the programme due to its closeness to HyNet, a facility at the nearby Stanlow Manufacturing Complex, where hydrogen is set to be produced from the mid-2020s.

The programme will help the UK Government decide how hydrogen could be used nationally and follows on from the use of hydrogen gas in 300 houses in Fife, Scotland.

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Head of Hydrogen Consumer at Cadent, Marc Clarke, said: “This is a really exciting project that puts Whitby in Ellesmere Port right at the heart of a low carbon future for the country as a whole.

Previous projects have clearly shown hydrogen’s potential, and now, with this scheme, we are showing how hydrogen can be used at scale to cut emissions from heating and cooking.

“We already know that Whitby has an unparalleled geographic location for hydrogen. The North West is already on track to produce the low carbon hydrogen required for the scheme from Ellesmere Port’s HyNet project, and we have been undertaking work over the past few years to ensure the region’s pipes are ready to take hydrogen.”

Residents will get free upgrades to their homes Benefits of the programme include the removal of carbon emissions from heating, repurposed infrastructure and job creation.

In addition to these benefits, according to the Hydrogen Taskforce’s 2020 Economic Impact Assessment, building the UK’s hydrogen economy has the potential for 75,000 jobs.

If Ellesmere Port is picked as the Hydrogen Village, every property in the selected area within Whitby will get f ree boiler upgrades, to new hydrogen-ready versions.

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As 85 per cent of the UK’s homes already use gas boilers, the transition to versions that run on hydrogen will be a simple move.

For the duration of the two-year programme, there is a guarantee that residents will pay the same to use hydrogen as they would pay for using natural gas.

Leader of Cheshire West and Chester Council, Councillor Louise Gittins, said: “We’re already in a unique position to have the HyNet development on our doorstep, providing an opportunity to use hydrogen as a source of energy, not only to power industry in our area but also our homes. It will also provide significant job opportunities in a new, expanding sector, for people both locally and further afield.

“With the hope that the full 2025 village programme will be awarded to our region, the Council and Cadent will be working closely to create a strong community programme, with residents in Whitby, Ellesmere Port and throughout the borough.

Residents will be engaged and empowered to co-produce this project throughout the process.

Now that energy regulator Ofgem and the UK Government have announced that Ellesmere Port and one other project in the North East can proceed to the next stage, Cadent and British Gas have written to all residents whose properties would be supplied with hydrogen and explained the programme in more detail.

Later this year, Cadent and British Gas will start to carry out local surveys to understand how the programme could be delivered within this area of Whitby.

In 2023, after the surveys are completed, Ofgem will confirm whether the Hydrogen Village programme will take place there.

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Image credit: Rob Pitt

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RENEWABLE ENERGY TH E H Y DROG E N TAN KE R THAT I S KE Y TO A RE N EWABLE E N E RGY FUTU RE

Peter Wells, Chairman and CEO at LH2 Europe

Job Volwater, Founder, Owner and Board Member at C-Job Naval Architects

C-Job Naval Architects (C-Job) has collaborated with LH2 Europe to design a brand-new class of liquid hydrogen tanker.

Hydrogen Industry Leaders looks at the tanker and analyse its effect on renewable energy of the future.

Hydrogen Industry Leaders spoke to Peter Wells, Chairman and CEO at LH2 Europe, and Job Volwater, Founder, Owner and Board Member at C-Job Naval Architects, about the brand-new class of liquid hydrogen tanker.

The initial design of the 141-metre liquid hydrogen tanker was developed by C-Job and boasts a storage capacity of 37,500 cubic metres.

It Is The First Large Scale Project From Scotland To Germany

LH2 Europe will set up a green hydrogen supply chain from Scotland to Germany, with a view to expanding to other parts of Europe as the demand increases in the future.

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In Scotland, renewable electricity f rom offshore wind power will produce green hydrogen by electrolysis. Following this, the hydrogen will be liquefied and stored at an export terminal at a port on the east coast of Scotland.

A hydrogen-fuelled tanker will transport it to an import terminal in Germany and the Netherlands.

Peter Wells explained how the project is essential: “The market of interest is displacing diesel in heavy trucks, large cars, and heavy equipment. The delivered price of hydrogen will be competitive with diesel.”

It will be the first large-scale hydrogen supply project from Scotland to Germany, with initial production of 35,000 tonnes per year in 2027, rising to 100,000 tonnes per year as the project expands into the early 2030s.

Peter continued to explain that the supply chain by LH2 Europe ends at the import terminal exit and is green up until this point. Onward transport by the off taker/ buyer may be green, such as the use of hydrogen-fuelled heavy trucks, but they will not have a say in the delivery to the final customer phase.

Moving To Hydrogen Is Essential To Meet Our Net Zero Targets According to the Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy’s 2019 UK Greenhouse Gas Emissions statistics,

transport amounted to 27 per cent of the UK’s GHG emissions in 2019.

Job Volwater explained how transport moving to hydrogen is the next step for reaching our net-zero goals: “Providing green and pure Hydrogen is the best and most sustainable way of energy supply for trucks and cars in the near future. LH2 Europe has designed this ‘chain of supply’.

The Biggest Challenge Is To Be Green Peter outlined that there are three principal challenges to the shift to hydrogen.

Developing production and market demand in parallel and fast enough at scale to make a meaningful impact on reducing the hydrocarbon market share is the first.

He said that developing a hydrogen-fuelled vehicle market requires price competitive hydrogen but to develop large-scale hydrogen production, sufficient hydrogenfuelled vehicles are required.

The liquid tanker is one of a kind thanks to various design features and will have zero emissions, therefore contributing to a more sustainable maritime industry at the same time.

Raising finance for an entirely new industry is, in Peter’s opinion, the final principal challenge to the shift to hydrogen.

The liquid tanker is one of a kind thanks to various design features and will have zero emissions, therefore contributing to a more sustainable maritime industry at the same time.

Image credit: C-Job Naval Archictects

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GREEN HYDROGEN TH E CHANG I NG L AN DSCAPE OF E LEC TROLYS E RS FOR G RE E N H Y DROG E N

As investments in green hydrogen projects scale up across the globe, Hydrogen Industry Leaders looks at how the landscape of electrolysers will change in the coming years.

As it currently stands, electrolysers are predicted to take a similar trajectory that wind and solar followed in terms of cost. According to a new report by the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA): “The price of electricity procured from solar PV and onshore wind plants decreased substantially in the last decade. Thanks to the large pipeline of green hydrogen projects, a similar decline is expected for electrolysers in the coming decade.”

In the solar sector, the cost of modules fell 82% between 2010 and 2019, according to a 2020 IRENA report, with onshore wind costs dropping by 39% in the same timeframe.

Lots of optimism surrounding Electrolysers for Hydrogen Production Neal Dikeman, Partner at Energy Transition Ventures, spoke to Hydrogen Industry Leaders and highlighted: “We’re pretty optimistic about cost reductions in electrolysers. We’ve seen a large number of the players in electrolysis and seen where they believe costs can get to - and agree with the key assumptions.”

We certainly know the published forecasts and cost curves like everyone else. As volume grows, the costs are going to come down aggressively.

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If green hydrogen is scaled up to the required level to keep global temperatures 1.5 degrees above preindustrial levels, 100 million tonnes of green hydrogen will need to be produced annually before 2030.

Adding to this, Neal said: “I don’t think the level of cost reduction is in question with scale, only the timing and the curve. The technology is there to do it. Frankly, the electrolyser companies are probably being conservative about what’s achievable when looking at the cost acceleration in solar PV and lithium-ion batteries.”

The real question is perhaps more on price and cycles than cost - will we see a temporary early oversupply of manufacturing capacity like in PV or an undersupply in capacity for a time, like in lithium-ion battery modules.

Scaling up further, more than 400 million tonnes will be required by 2050, according to IRENA. To meet these targets, a rapid fall in the price of electrolysers must arrive within the next ten years.

Cost reduction essential if the industry is to kick on with scaling up Without a cost reduction, there is a real risk that the industry would fail to reach the 136GW production of electrolysers this decade.

90% of which would be alkaline electrolysers and 10% proton-exchange membrane (PEM).

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Neal gave Hydrogen Industry Leaders an exclusive insight into potential barriers that the industry faces. “It’s primarily manufacturing scale. For decades a few tens of MWs of electrolysers per year was a pretty large manufacturing capacity. It’s like solar a couple of decades ago and batteries 5 to 10 years ago; you can only reduce costs so much if you’re building in a small volume.”

Electrochemistry-based products have responded very well to massive manufacturing volumes. Once you reach critical mass in manufacturing plant size, the industry knows how to improve processes, design for manufacturing, materials reductions, performance improvements, and supply chains for this type of product.

A few components may be tricky, such as noble metal catalysts, storage, integrated power electronics, etc. Still, we know of many companies working on those issues now - and there are many ways to get this done.

(5 tonnes),” the report says. “However, improved design and raw material efficiency in PEM electrolysers can cut demand by up to 90% from current levels.”

Energy Transition Ventures have just backed a PEM electrolyser company called Ohmium and are bullish on PEM being able to win at a world scale on cost and performance. It has proven effective at reducing upfront costs and continues to work on the issues related to efficiency, system size, and operating performance.

But the conventional alkaline community is not done.

Rounding up, Neal told Hydrogen Industry Leaders: “We’ve been following many emerging AEM technology companies and research; we think AEM is the best thought of as an alkaline variant, though that technology is still very young.

The overall green hydrogen market is functionally uncapped in scale, so we may see a range of technologies do fine.”

There is an Alkaline vs PEM debate but clearly there is no silver bullet Advocates of PEM technology argue that it is better able to cope with the ups and downs of variable renewable energy than alkaline electrolysers, but IRENA does not seem to agree.

“The flexibility of alkaline and protonexchange membrane stacks [inside electrolysers] is sufficient to follow fluctuations in wind and solar,” it says.

IRENA also warns that PEM electrolysers “may encounter a significant supply risk”, whereas more conventional alkaline machines would not.

“Meeting the required capacity [for PEM electrolysers] by 2030 will require mining of critical materials like titanium (5,500 tonnes), iridium (9 tonnes), and platinum

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DECARBONISING HIGHLANDS HOW WI LL H Y DROG E N DECARBON I S E TH E H IG H L AN DS?

H2 Green, a Getech business, signed a deal with SGN Commercial Services (SGN) to develop a major green hydrogen production, storage, and distribution facility in Inverness last year. Hydrogen Industry Leaders look at how this will decarbonise the Highlands.

Groundwork has now commenced for the green hydrogen production, storage, and distribution facility located in Inverness.

This location not only puts Scotland on the map for hydrogen but also hydrogen presents a valuable and cost-effective route for widespread decarbonisation of the Highlands region.

Decarbonisation is essential if Scotland wants to achieve net zero, and meet its ambition of 5GW of renewable and lowcarbon hydrogen production by 2030 and 25GW by 2045 as outlined in The Scottish Government Hydrogen Policy Statement.

Hydrogen Industry Leaders spoke to Luke Johnson, Managing Director at H2 Green about the production site.

The partnership between H2 Green and SGN is key to the site’s success H2 Green’s understanding with SGN has led them to have an exclusive option for developing the redevelopment of a former gas holder site into a hydrogen distribution hub. SGN’s former gas holder site on Harbour Road lies between Inverness’ rail depot and the industrial area.

Describing H2 Green as a collaborative company, Luke explained how working with other companies who are deemed as a competitor typically is encouraged and that most hydrogen developers are in

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the same boat: “Having several providers providing competition amongst us for price and customer base will drive excellence that allows the customers to feel like they can switch over.

Hydrogen proves to be a valuable decarbonisation method for Scotland Luke explained that when it comes to Scotland specifically, there is a situation where a lot of wind power that is produced is being curtailed.

He continued to express how there is not enough transmission capacity to get it down to the population centres in England: “Even with all the forecasts for the national grid to upgrade their transmission, they’re still going to be in a situation where there is going to be a massive amount of energy in Scotland available and nowhere for it to go.”

So, the opportunity for Scotland is to make value out of this renewable resource by producing a product that can be transported and stored.

Hydrogen looks to be a valuable method for doing that.

Financing and finding the appropriate the investment structures are challenges From H2 Green’s perspective, Luke said that the challenge lies in aligning offtake with supply: “To drive hydrogen prices as low as possible, I want to build a facility capable of supplying hydrogen at scale. Not all customers however are able to sign up for long term offtake agreements, so it is important to

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work with lead anchor customers who can commit to a predictable demand for hydrogen.

“Electricity makes up most of the cost of hydrogen. We can drive that price down by working with renewable energy providers, to align their financing and operational needs with our hydrogen production strategy.”

Coming from a developer’s perspective, Luke told Hydrogen Industry Leaders that the challenge is around financing and finding the appropriate investment structures: “This is why we’ve got the agreement with the Highlands council.”

“Councils and their fleets can lean forward and adopt new vehicle types earlier in the process to stimulate developers like myself from coming in and doing the production.”

“They can do that by purchasing hydrogen vehicles, and they also have a long life of their vehicle fleet so they can sign into longer-term contracts for offtake. Likewise, with real customers, we can predictably know what the timetable is, we know what vehicles and what the fuel loads are.

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That lowers my merchant risk tremendously, which allows me to then go and get investment capital at a reasonable cost. If we lock those two things together, that allows the infrastructure to get moving.

“They do that by vehicles, and they also have a long life of their vehicle fleet so they can sign into longer-term contracts for offtake. Likewise, with real customers, we can predictably know what the timetable is, we know what vehicles and what the fuel loads are.

Luke finished by revealing that H2 Green believes that the project is an important element of the milestone of decarbonising the Highlands: “We think that our hydrogen hub is going to be an incredibly important component of the islands.”

The development will see Inverness become one of the first places in the UK to establish commercial production of green hydrogen and the Highlands will play a leading role in the transition to zero-carbon fuel sources.

Image credit: Getech

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INTERNATIONAL PROJECTS H Y DROG E N PROJ EC T S F ROM AROU N D TH E WORLD

European Project

African Project

The European Commission has committed to a tenfold boost in electrolyser output by 2025 and producing ten million tonnes of green hydrogen a year by 2030.

Hydrogen Europe has joined the African Hydrogen Partnership (AHP) to grow the renewable energy sector and promote hydrogen production in the region.

The European Commission (EC) and 20 manufacturers signed a Joint Declaration that promises to ensure that enough electrolysers will be made in Europe to meet the EU’s hydrogen accelerator programme.

Potentially, the partnership between Hydrogen Europe and AHP could help Europe secure renewable energy for hydrogen production and long-term decarbonisation goals.

The goal of the accelerator is to produce ten million tonnes of green hydrogen a year by 2030. Reaching the ambitious volume of H2 would require 90-100GW of electrolysers to be installed in just seven and a half years — up from less than 150MW today.

Despite these hopes, there is currently less than 1.75GW of annual manufacturing capacity across Europe.

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Hydrogen Europe will join the AHP Board of Directors as it targets to develop the supply chain in Africa and create a market both domestically and internationally.

The abundance of sun, wind, and land resources will produce renewable hydrogen and help to break Europe’s dependence on fossil fuels from Russia.

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Australian project

American Project

Sunshine Hydro has unveiled a $2bn hydrogen production mega-project in Queensland, Australia.

The world’s largest green hydrogen project will get its own 5GW high-current electrolyser factory.

The ‘Flavian’ SuperHybrid is an integrated renewable energy, storage, and green hydrogen infrastructure project planned within the Central Queensland Renewable Energy Zone (REZ).

Hydrogen Optimized, a Canadian-based subsidiary of deuterium supplier Key DH Technologies, aims to build a factory in Texas to supply Green Hydrogen International’s (GHI) planned 60GW Hydrogen City project.

Once fully operational, the Flavian SuperHybrid will provide 65 tonnes per day of green hydrogen for transport and local industry and 220MW of green energy being supplied.

Hydrogen Optimized is currently implementing a program to demonstrate the RuggedCell technology for large-scale project development. They claim that the technology will produce green hydrogen at a lower cost on a larger scale than other water electrolysers in today’s marketplace.

This is the first of three similarly sized SuperHybrid projects Sunshine Hydro and partners are developing. Upon completing the three projects, they will supply 200 tonnes of green hydrogen per day for domestic and export markets.

During construction, the Flavian SuperHybrid will generate 500 fulltime jobs, and when operational, it will employ 60 full-time employees in both the pumped hydro and hydrogen generation facilities.

Currently, Hydrogen Optimized has not disclosed many details about its electrolyser. It is suited to variable renewable energy as it can ramp up from 0 per cent to 100 per cent power load “in just a few seconds”.

It is similar to the dynamic response to proton-exchange membrane (PEM) technology, but unlike PRE, the RuggedCell machine doesn’t require expensive iridium.

Sunshine Hydro has secured land to base the Flavian SuperHybrid and commenced detailed feasibility studies and planes to read the final investment decision in 2025, with commissioning in 2028.

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HYDROGEN INSIGHT

Watch The Full Event Here

TH E ROLE OF CCUS I N TH E H Y DROG E N ECONOM Y

However, the major challenges in that area are simply around the purification of the input string. But yes, the technologies are essentially interchangeable.

Q | Who is responsible for the storage and maintenance of the CO2 storage site? Do you think it’ll be the public sector or the private sector that will be responsible for the actual storage and maintenance?

Runeel Daliah Lux Research Inc.

Q | You spoke about pre-combustion and post-combustion carbon capture. Are there any big differences in the actual technology of pre-combustion and postcombustion capture? Can the two sectors learn from each other in any way?

A | Yes, absolutely. The key difference between the two is simply the concentration of CO2 in the input gas. So, pre-combustion has high concentrated CO2, compared to post-combustion.

The technologies used in post-combustion or pre-combustion can also be used in any of these applications, you would have, however, to keep an eye out for any pollutants or any other chemicals that could be found in your pre-combustion stream, that character, potentially a poisoned range of solvents.

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A | I can see the private sector taking a leading role here, as the companies have a target to reach carbon neutrality. So, let’s say an oil and gas company, like BP, for example, they have a target to achieve carbon neutrality, but it will always emit CO2, there is no way that BP will be able to stop generating CO2 across its global operations. They will need someone to take that CO2 and sequester that for them.

So then, BP would be paying that private company to capture that CO2 to transport to the sequester site and ensure that the CO2 remains locked away indefinitely. If the CO2 leaks out, then BP is not actually decarbonizing its operation.

I can see a service approach where a private company would provide that service to major emitters around a specific region, so that could be a private company in Europe that will essentially transport and sequester CO2 from various oil and gas and chemical companies in the area.

But again, the industry does not exist yet today, there are many different kinds of business models that could emerge from the need for carbon sequestration. So that definitely is something that will be interesting to track as well.

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HYDROGEN INSIGHTS

Scotland The Hydrogen Opportunity Virtual Event

WEBINAR The Hydrogen Insights webinars are 90-minute sessions, led by industry professionals, for industry professionals.

These events allow you to see best practices from the experts and allow for greater communication through direct Q&A discussions.

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SCOTLAND

CONFERENCE 22 Nov 2022 08:00 – 16:30 Radisson BLU, Glasgow

The HIL Scotland Conference will explore the transport sector in-depth, and discover the products and solutions needed to expand the use of hydrogen within the industry.

Located at the Radisson BLU, Glasgow, on 22 November 2022, join key leaders and decision-makers from within the hydrogen industry and discover the upcoming opportunities available to you.

Join the conversation #H2Leaders

hydrogenindustryleaders.com