LOGBOOK W05

WEEK 5 LOGBOOK

Peiyi Wang 668731

Week 5

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W05 01_STUDIO REPORT lď Ź Structural Elements

Beams are placed all over the structure because they are very important for transferring load horizontally. There are three kinds of beams used in this structure, UB, RHS and E.A. UB is a T-shape beam, while PFC is a C-shape beams.

At the back of this structure, there is a truss, which could stabilize the whole structure as when loads are applied at the top, more pathways might be supplied for them. After these loads are transferred to the ground, the ground will produce a reaction force back to the structure. Inside this truss, webs could be observed, the material used for these webs are 20 DIA. ROD.

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Columns are essential elements in any structural system, and they deliver vertical loads downwards to the ground and the ground will give back a reaction force that is equal with the applied force’ magnitude.

Columns here are SHS columns

Here is another layout of truss in this structure and loads are transferred in multiple directions and different pathways

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lď Ź Structural Systems: skeletal system 2 ways to solve the buckling problems:

lď Ź Model Making Process

To increase the cross section area by alter the material from balsa sheets or card board to balsa columns

Thin balsa sheets

Stronger balsa columns

At the beginning, thin balsa sheets were selected for model making, which generated a result that the structure became too fragile and could not stand by itself. After this, cardboards became the choice of second attempts. But if the boards were cut into small slices, it would easily be buckled. Finally, stronger balsa columns were used to build the model.

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Long columns made by thin balsa sheets or cardboard could possibly experience this process

Week 5

To separate a long column into short columns and add beams between them to share loads

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Fixed Joints

Joints on Model

Load Path Diagram Peiyi Wang 668731

For the joints of different parts in this structure, multiple pins were used to control and stabilize the whole structure.

A problem for this strategy is that it could be difficult to pin is too many pieces or too thick pieces are there.

While for the real construction process, joints at this point as well as other regions could be fixed joints that cannot be rotated and could not be changed by either horizontal or vertical forces.

Another notice for this graph is that the bottom part under the back section of this structure needs to be constructed with stronger materials compared with that under the front section because the backside structure is taller, which means it is heavier and have more self dead load.

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W05 02_LEARNING LOOP

Reinforcement Masonry: cores + concrete block/ cavity masonry – Bond Beam

Timber Material used for main structural frames: Structural use timber: (solid product) LVL, GLULAM, CLT (envs10003, w5 m3).

Strength in 2 directions Bracing to the main Timber structure: property: Plywood strong parallel to the grain; Engineering weak sheet product perpendicular to the grain Other Properties: - weak at knots - easily be damaged by water, insects, exposure, etc.

Protection: - waterproof - chemical, physical barriers to exposure and insect; away from ground (envs10003, w5 m2) Peiyi Wang 668731

Concrete as material: Precast and in situ Structural Frames: grids made by columns and beams: Concrete Frames; Steel Frames: Timber Frames:

(Ching, 2014)

Load bearing wall

Masonry: - Solid Masonry: 1/2 skins, joints are all filled with mortar - Grouted Masonry: 2 skins, interval between then is filled by grout - Cavity Masonry: completely separated 2 layers with weep holes for flashing; good at thermal insulation and penetration (Ching, 2 Skins 2014)

1 Skin

1 layer of brick masonry + 1 layer of structural wall (envs10003, w5 c1).

Stud wall: brick veneer construction; timber framing, light gauge steel framing, Elements are used to prevent buckling Long or short column (ratio: >/< 12), short: crushing, long: buckling !!"!

Max Load= ( (!") )

Wall System

E: material (H. Week 5

Mitcheltree, per. com, 9.5, 2014.

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W05 03_GLOSSARY APPENDIX Axial Load: is the load that acts perpendicular on the objects, normally there are two types: tension and compression (seba102288, 2012) Buckling: the way of a long column to break down, as a quick horizontal instability of a long column due to the excess amount of load applied to it (Ching, 2014; envs1003 w5 s1)

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Week 5

Lintel: A horizontal element positioned above a break (e.g. windows or doors) on a wall, and it can be constructed by using steels, brick, reinforcing concrete or precast concrete (Ching, 2014).

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Nogging: the horizontal elements installed in the middle part of a stud-framing wall used to stabilize the whole structure and avoid buckling (envs10003, w5 c1).

Nogging Stud: studs are vertical members usually made by light gauge steels or timbers that are arranged in small interval with some other elements for stabilizing in order to form a wall (Ching, 2014).

Stud

Seasoning Timber: Timber that has already experienced the drying process of removing water from cell voids and cell wall to change the moisture level for further use. The percentage of moisture of a seasoned timber needs to be fewer than 15%; Major methods: Air seasoning (cheap but slow); Kiln seasoning (most expensive but fast), solar kiln seasoning (envs10001 w5 m1).

Peiyi Wang 668731

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W05 04_REFERENCE LIST Ching, F. (2014). Building Construction Illustrated (5th ed.). Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley&Sons.

Envs10003. (2014, August 24). W05 c1 WALLS, GRIDS & COLUMNS [Video file]. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tIe6txNIO58&feature=youtu.be Envs10003. (2014, April 1). W05 m1 From Wood to Timber [Video file]. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YJL0vCwM0zg&feature=youtu.be Envs10003. (2014, April 1). W05 m2 Timber Properties and Considerations [Video file]. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ul0r9OGkA9c&feature=youtu.be Envs10003. (2014, April 1). W05 m3 Engineered Timber Products [Video file]. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0YrYOGSwtVc&feature=youtu.be

Peiyi Wang 668731

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