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WEEK 4 LOGBOOK

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or engineers and the builders.

Moreover, the data and graph could also be easy to store for future inspection.

Activity: ‘Scale, Annotation and Working Drawing Conventions’

Activity: Construction Documentation Tour

01_STUDIO REPORT

Concept of scale and how it applies to construction documentation:

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Scale might be a tool to present a very large or a very small object in an appropriate size on the drawing paper. This could let the information about that objects, like the dimensions or structures, be transmitted efficiently and make the communication between different parts become more convenient.

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For construction documentation, the actual sizes of the structures are always very, which means it is nearly impossible to draw the structure in its original size. If scale is used in this case, several pieces of papers will be enough to show the structure. This will lead to a more efficient communication between architects Peiyi Wang 668731

1. Comparison - Drawing set V.S. Actual building - Drawing set’s dimension is smaller than the actual building because of the application of scales - Through the drawing set, both the internal structure and the external looking can be observed; however, only the exterior could be seen while doing the site visit.

- Some information like the special notice during the construction could be seen on the drawing set, while the actual building only shows up a finished product.

- For the big structure above the foreyard of Oval Pavilion building, it is easy to feel that it transfer the load downwards to the ground directly. While the truth observed through drawing Week 4

set is that it actually deliver the load to the roof (Figure 1 & 2).

Figure 1 (Cox Architecture Pty. Ltd, ‘Oval Pavilion — Redevelopment’, A40-01-03) & 2: this is the comparison of the structure hanging on the top of the building. It seems that it is separated from the main building while looking on site, however, it is actually connected to the main part and it could be seen from the drawing,

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- Structural Drawing V.S. Architectural Drawing - Structural drawings focus on the structural system of the building, such as the footing system and detail structure of columns and beams.

Figure 3: the picture taken on site of the original building

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- Architecture drawing pay more attention on the integrated layout of the building, like the room arrangement, section view of the exterior, etc.

Figure 4: the Architectural drawing of the part shown in Figure 3, from this diagram, the layout and distribution of windows, doors and rooms can be observed (Cox Architecture Pty. Ltd, ‘Oval Pavilion — Redevelopment’, A30-01-01).

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Figure 5: the Structural drawing of the part shown in Figure 3, from this diagram, the structure and materials can be observed (Cox Architecture Pty. Ltd, ‘Oval Pavilion — Redevelopment’, S03.01).

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2. Scan of the questionnaire

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02_LEARNING LOOP Pre-Learning 1. Span & Spacing (Check the Glossary part) 2. Beams & Cantilevers: - Beam transport load along it and than transfer it to the vertical supports that can be located at the end of the beam, along the beam, at points far from the beam and only at on end (Beams and Cantilever, 2014).

- Cantilever (Check Glossary) 3. Floor System - Floor systems are composed of several linear beams, joists and plans with usually a horizontal shape and could support both live loads and dead loads (Ching, 2014).

- Materials: concrete, timber and steel (envs10003, 2014, W04 c3).

- Concrete slab: a reinforced plate to span between structural supports that could be one way or two way (envs10003, 2014, W04 c3).

- One-way concrete slab: reinforced in one direction and is uniformly thick. It is cast wilt the parallel supporting beams; - Two-ways concrete slab: reinforced in two direction and cast with both

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beams and columns. it is used when a medium span is required or needs to bear large lateral forces and heavy load (Ching, 2014).

- Steel framing: supported by girders and joists, and it is always placed with concrete slab system; - Timber system: joist is small and usually close to each other (envs10003, 2014, W04 c3).

4. Concrete - Component: cement, water, sands and gravel (cement : fine aggregate : coarse aggregate : water = 1 : 2 : 4 : 0.4~0.5); - Hydration Process: the process that to change concrete from liquid to solid form. During the process, sand, rock aggregates and water are interlocked by the crystal formed through the process; too much water=cannot work, too little=to stiff; - Process: need framework to support the liquid concrete until it turns to be hard, sometimes, spreaders could be used to the wall frame work; framework could be taken off or placed with concrete forever; during curing, 7 days—75% of the final compressive strength, 28%—finished; - Finished product: sand blasted, exposed aggregate, raked finish, bush hammered, board marked, board & batten; - Reinforcement: concrete—weak in tension, strong in compression, steel:

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strong in tension, weak in compression; the combination of steel and concrete is reinforcement; - Properties (After pouring): high hardness, durable; low frangibility, flexibility, conductivity; medium permeability, density, recycle; cost effectively, sustainable; - Although it is permeable but still need another waterproof layer in order to avoid the rust of reinforcement; vibration process during pouring is necessary to reduce the amount of bobbles (envs10003, 2014, W04 m1).

5. In-situ Concrete - poured and cured in the building site: make the framework—add reinforcement—pouring—vibrating— curing; - time between the status of liquid to solid is very short—labour intensive; - not very good on the quality; - used in structural process that do not required a lot of standard elements; - Joint: construction joint and control joint (envs10003, 2014, W04 m2).

6. Pre-cast Concrete - manufactured in a controlled environment and transport to site— standardized, high constructing efficiency; - use on structure of building, bridge, civil works, etc; - Joints: construction joints and structural joints;

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- size limitation due to the transport

constraints (envs10003, 2014, W04 m3).

7. Pantheon - Typical Building in Roman architecture, has portico, drum and dome, and has a representation of all gods; - Portico: produce an illusion that this temple is tradition, and it is linked with a rectangular court; - Drum: cylinder under the dome, constructed by concrete and could bear both horizontal and vertical force because of the thickness;

Figure 6: the horizontal and vertical forces act on the drum

- Concrete at that time: big

aggregated hold by mortar (envs10003, 2014, W04 m4).

Studio 1. Why to use pre-cast concrete?

- High efficiency; - Cheap; - Better quality; - Site constraints (H. Mitcheltree, personal communication, August 22, 2014).

2. Aluminum - Expensive; - Have rectangular shape or circular shape; - Could be used as window framing(H. Mitcheltree, personal communication, August 22, 2014).

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Figure 7: Some elements in a framing system

- Dome: largest span concrete shell

dome now in exist; construction process is similar to the process of constructing an arch— delivering loads only utilize compression force; in order to reduce the load at the top— use another kinds lighter material;

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03_GLOSSARY APPENDIX

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Bearer:

center to center, Figure 9 (Span and Spacing, 2014).

- Steel Decking: the steel plane above the framing system supported by steel beams (Ching, 2014).

- Structural joints: elements to make two kinds of material or objects to work together, and it is essential to the performance of the who building (envs10003, 2014, W04 m3).

- Cantilever: is a kind of structural

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elements that are supported only at one end, and it could be vertical, horizontal or inclined, Figure 8 (Beams and Cantilever, 2014).

Concrete Plank: the concrete plane above the framing system supported by steel beams (Ching, 2014).

Construction joints: elements to link different parts of the construction together (envs10003, 2014, W04 m2).

Control joints: elements to make sure the concrete does not break after experiencing the temperature difference, rains, etc (envs10003, 2014, W04 m2).

Girder: is the main beam in a framing system (envs10003, 2014, W04 c1).

Joist: horizontal elements supported by two parallel beams in a framing system (envs10003, 2014, W04 c1).

Span: the distance between 2 structural support that could be vertical or horizontal, Figure 9 (Span and Spacing, 2014).

Spacing: the distance that repeats between sequence similar structural elements, and it is measured from  

Figure 8

Figure 9

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04_REFERENCE LIST

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Beams and Cantilever. (2014). ENVS10003 [PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved from University of Melbourne, LMS web site: https:// app.lms.unimelb.edu.au/bbcswebdav/courses/ENVS10003_2014_SM2/WEEK%2004/BEAMS%20AND %20CANTILEVERS.pdf Ching, F. (2014). Building Construction Illustrated (5th ed.). Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley&Sons.

Cox Architecture Pty. Ltd. (2012) Oval Pavilion — Redevelopment.

Envs10003. (2014a, March 25). W04 c1 FLOOR SYSTEMS [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=otKffehOWaw&feature=youtu.be Envs10003. (2014b, March 25). W04 m1 CONCRETE [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=c1M19C25MLU&feature=youtu.be Envs10003. (2014c, March 25). W04 m2 IN SITU CONCRETE [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=c3zW_TBGjfE&feature=youtu.be Envs10003. (2014, March 25). W04 m3 PRE CAST CONCRETE [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=scYY-MMezI0&feature=youtu.be Envs10003. (2014, March 25). W04 m4 The Pantheon [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=9aL6EJaLXFY&feature=youtu.be Span and Spacing. (2014). ENVS10003 [PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved from University of Melbourne, LMS web site: https:// app.lms.unimelb.edu.au/bbcswebdav/courses/ENVS10003_2014_SM2/WEEK%2004/SPAN%20AND%20SPACING.pdf

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