Artificial Intelligence — Focus on Taiwan

Artificial Intelligence: How knowledge is created, transferred, and used Focus on Taiwan Michiel Kolman, PhD SVP, Academic Ambassador Elsevier February 2019

AI in the news – AI is helpful

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AI in the news – AI is change

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AI in the news – AI is the future

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AI in the news – AI is inadequate

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AI in the news – AI is doom

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Our partners

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Achieving policy objectives requires actions across sectors How is AI being taught?

How is AI researched?

How is AI being w talked about in media?

How is AI being described in patents?

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AI seems to lack a common language Teaching 268

Keywords shared across all 4 perspectives: • Artificial Intelligence • Deep Learning

Media 82

Industry 641

• Machine Learning 9

• Neural Network • Reinforcement Learning • Speech Recognition`

Research 42 9

Globally, AI structures into seven research clusters Using AI to define and structure AI • Trained classifier to distinguish AI papers from non-AI papers • Supervised learning using keyword cooccurrence to structure the field

Search and Optimization Fuzzy Systems

Machine Learning and Probabilistic Reasoning

Planning and Decision Making

Natural Language Processing and Knowledge Representation

Neural Networks

Computer Vision

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Data on scholarly AI publications from Scopus

Other sources used for quantitative analysis • Preprint servers (arXiv) • PlumX dashboard • Online competitions (Kaggle) • ScienceDirect • Graduate information (CAS,IAS China)

Article 70+ million Journal, conference, & Book records

Author 16+ million

Affiliation 70,000+

Author profiles (active)

Affiliation profiles

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Published research volume growing quickly Scholarly AI publications, all document types, worldwide

13% p.a.

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China is the most prolific country in AI research Scholarly AI publications, all document types 16,000 14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 2013

2014

2015 China

USA

India

UK

2016 Germany

Japan

2017 13

China, EU, India, and the US are growing, but not equally Global share of scholarly AI publications, all document types 100% 90%

29%

26%

23%

20%

3%

5%

9%

15%

17%

80% 70% 60%

2%

20%

25%

50% 31%

40% 30%

30%

33% 35%

20% 10% 0%

18%

9% 1998-2002

2003-2007 China

Europe

United States

26%

24%

2008-2012

2013-2017

India

Other

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US in the lead, EU solid second in citation impact. China catching up

Rebased FWCI and FWCI

Rebased Field-Weighted Citation Impact and Field-Weighted Download Impact 2.50

2.00

1.50

1.00

0.50

FWCI FWDI 0.00 1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004 2005 China China

2006 2007 Europe Europe

2008

2009 India India

2010

2011 2012 2013 United States United States

2014

2015

2016

2017 15

116

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AI and Taiwan • 2013-2017 dataset on AI: ¼ m articles, FWCI 1.44, 19.5% International Collaboration, 3% academicindustry collaboration.

• Output in Asia-Pacific: Taiwan in Top 10 at # 6 (5.3 k articles). Top 5 is: 1. China – 57.9 k 2. India – 22.0 k 3. Japan – 8.5 k 4. Australia – 6.7 k 5. S. Korea – 5.6 k • Quality impact – FWCI in Asia-Pacific: ⎻ Taiwan in Top 15 (# 14) with FWCI of 1.00 ⎻ Top 15: Hong Kong (3.26), Singapore (2.68), Australia (1.95), New Zealand (1.55), S. Korea (1.46), China (1.30), Pakistan (1.26), Malaysia (1.25), Bangladesh (1.23), Vietnam (1.17), Indonesia (1.11), Japan (1.02), India (1.00), Taiwan (1.00)

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119

220

Taiwan Institutes ranked on impact (institutes with > 100 articles, impact as in FWCI) 1. Academia Sinica (AS) 263 1.55 AS Centr IT Innovation

113 2.05

AS Inst Info Science 138 1.18 2. Nat. Taiwan U. S&T

376 1.37

3. NTHU

218 1.31

4. NTU

529 1.28

5. Nat. Chiao Tung U.

393 1.23

6. Nat. Central U.

254 1.14

7. Nat. Taipei U. of Tech. 195 1.14

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225

226

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Discussion points for Taiwan 1. How can Taiwan further accelerate growth so that it keeps up with top AI countries in the region? Are there regional collaboration partners (part of the South Bound strategy?).

2. How can Taiwan improve the citation impact of its research? Is AI research too scattered around too many institutes / universities?

3. Collaboration could be an answer to questions 1-2. a. How can Taiwan increase its international and national collaboration? b. How can Taiwan leverage its corporate and government sector?

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Further research • How can we further improve the ontology and field definition?

• Is there a relationship between research performance in AI and research performance in more traditional fields that support AI (such as computer science, linguistics, mathematics, etc.)?

• How does AI research translate into real-life applications, societal impact, and economic growth?

• Where do internationally mobile AI researchers come from and go to?

• How sustainable is the recent growth in publications, and how will countries and sectors continue to compete and collaborate?

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Thank you! Find out more: Download AI Report: https://www.elsevier.com /research-intelligence/ai-report AI Resource Center: https://www.elsevier.com/connect/ai-resour ce-center

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