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ICO N PAULIWORLD Email pauliworld.spcp@gmail.com Facebook facebook.com/PauliworldSPCP Twitter twitter.com/PauliworldSPCP ICON STAFF Editor-in-Chief Felicty Santos Managing Editor Andrea Salvador Associate Editor Louise Navarro Chief Layout Artist Sophia Tantamco Associate Layout Artists Josephine Javier, Frances Angeles Moderator Ms. Paulyn Navarrete Layout Grace Imbao, Jill Aycardo, Andreanna Pantig, Jamila Petalver, Jena Tornea Contributing Writers Deanne Sy, Genevieve Badalla, Bridgette Macatangay, Mikaela De Castro, Christine Eloriaga, Jamie Sanchez, Maria Gonzales, Jana Torres, Alexandra Criste, Sofia Gutierrez, Nicole Reyes, Luna Coscolluela, Cena Gillana, Allyna Velasco, Gabrielle Paterno, Alyssa Reyes, Trisha Purificacion, Loreiz Abanes Contributing Artists Kathryn Espiritu, Alex Punsalan, Frances Angeles

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CONTENTS 01 LITERARY

The Philosophy of Avatar the Last Airbender: Redemption Arcs Done Right

Glamorization of antiintellectualism in Philippine media, cinema, and literature

SHIFT to a brighter tomorrow

It Takes a Child to Save the World

When in mythro manila

The green sheen

Revamping Disney classics: Tales as old as time meets modernity

Maybe at midnight

Words

One of the beauties of life

Routines of that Manic, Pixie, Dream, Pink Girl

death or glory

FEATURE

Things unsaid

Balete drive

The dreamer in blue

Lahat

Nascence

Isang araw sa buhay ng bayani

Catching up with growing up

Pagpapatupad ng diborsyo sa Pilipinas

Patok Paulinian: approach

Makikibaka ka ba?

Hanggang Kailan?

Panitikang Pilipino

ang

360

LITERARY

WRITTEN BY DEANNE F. SY please don’t promise me eternity, if you’re not even sure what you’re doing tomorrow. please don’t promise me another “next time” if you’re not even sure if you can make it please don’t promise you’ll answer my calls if you’re just gonna lead me straight to voicemail please don’t promise me anything, because what will happen tomorrow is unclear and tonight, you have to remember that these promises do not reassure me — not anymore because tomorrow will be certain, tomorrow cannot be escaped. tomorrow, we will try again but tomorrow has not come. so for tonight, let me hope that one day, i will stop believing your promises i will stop fooling myself into thinking my phone is ringing because of you i will stop believing your “next time”’s i will stop thinking that tomorrow will be different but tomorrow is never the “one day” i am hoping for.

ILLUSTRATION BY KATHRYN VICTORIA S. ESPIRITU ILLUSTRATION BY KATHRYN VICTORIA S. ESPIRITU

so when dawn comes, i will still believe you because you might be calling because your “next time” might be tomorrow because you are trying because i love you and if eternity will not be for us, there is always another tomorrow.

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LITERARY

One of the Beauties of Life

WRITTEN BY BRIDGETTE VIANNEY M. MACATANGAY WRITTEN BY GENEVIEVE THERESE A. BADALLA

Read your mind into s h r e a d s

Elsewhere

Quake the stronghold of your heart Reproach the spirit spirit remaining sare

Stay

are nsn d

ensared

For a power galactic has you

And you will Die

ar ens ed

Thegalacticpowerimmortalizestheluckybrave Collect your posessions Muster your courage There is no path ahead Only you and a false destiny “Speak your latent conviction,” he said -- listen to no one -“Stupid pupil,” she sneers -- listen to everyone -From the beginning There have been stories Of creation; ruin Of dynasties; prophecies In the vast void, Where are you you? Where is your your story? Walk And you will arrive

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and abandons the trying useless

Endings. A word that can mean so many things, either good or bad. It is defined as an end or final part of something. We tend to wonder: what is that something? Maybe it could be something good and beneficial for you, or maybe it could be the end of something you wished should have never ended. This word gives us a broader range of thought, and we usually associate endings with feelings of sadness. But I believe that this is not always the case, and it should not be. Endings can mean something good. It could mean the end of oneʼs pain or the beginning of a new chapter. Sometimes, endings can be beautiful, like the red and orange reflections that fill the sky as the sun sets, or the end of a bad position in life that just makes you ready, empowered, and free to stand on your own feet and look at life a little more positively. Yes, endings are scary. Usually, when something ends, we ask ourselves, “So what now? What happens next?” I guess that is the fear that fills our mind when we think of endings. Life is way bigger than what any human being can comprehend. Fear fills our hearts, and we tend to overthink about the countless things that may happen as a result of the decisions we make while we are still alive. What if we get hurt? What if this is the start of something dreadful? What if this is not the ending I wanted? I admit, a lot of things can happen, things that we never even expected to occur. Looking at it from a different perspective, though, is one of the beauties of life. We know that ‘everything happens for a reason’. We’ve all probably heard that quote countless of times, and to this day, it still stands true. We experience pain that is too painful to bear, or the happiness and laughter that makes our cheeks go numb. But life is unexpected. Things come and go whether we like it or not; that is just the way life works. But the more we grow and mature as individuals, the more we appreciate the unexpected endings life gives us. It gives us a sense of thrill and excitement, but at the same time, it feels like a never-ending rollercoaster with countless loops, twists, and turns. So: yes. Endings. I guess this signifies the end of my think piece. Hopefully, by this point, my short piece inspired you to think about your own endings – endings you have experienced and endings you will undoubtedly encounter – and allowed you to view endings as something that can be beautiful.

LITERARY

Routines of that manic, pixie, dream, pink girl WRITTEN BY MIKAELA GABRELLE P. DE CASTRO

“Why are all of your things pink?”

“You match the cherry blossoms!”

These are the first words I heard as I climbed up my bus, sighing in annoyance and dropping my pink file-case on my seat. The grade schoolers’ screams and laughs rang through my ears. Traditionally, they turn the vehicle into an obstacle course, constantly screaming each other’s names, jumping, and making the platform shake. Looking at their innocent faces and the excitement in their eyes, I realized I must’ve looked like one of them when I was young. Their merriment juxtaposed my annoyance as it dawned upon me. Before being uncorrupted and undefiled by the reality of the world, I had no inhibitions. The only difference now is while they chased each other, I chased deadlines. “Everything you paint is just…pink and cute.” I stare up my painting teacher as I shyly let go of my paintbrush dipped in rose, giving her an awkward and tight smile. Glancing over my other classmates’ canvases, I stared down at mine. I understood the world through this singular color—everything had ILLUSTRATION BY ALEX PUNSALAN

to be perfect, pretty, and organized. Not honing this color, my trademark, would lead to failure and imperfection. Regardless of what people thought of my obsession with this color, it had a symbolic and sentimental value for me, no longer caring if this restricted my versatility. Red was too bold and white was too pure, and I was neither of those. Because I knew pink was more than just cute or feminine. One color was all I needed.

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I stood in the middle of Seokchon Lake in Seoul. After my cousin took the family photo, he pointed his index finger to my face in the camera, describing how my sweater made me blend in with the petals. As we headed to the terminal, I watched businessmen in luxurious pitch-black attires glided towards the station gracefully. It looked like a dance they mastered, a piece composed of elegance and poise; neither harsh nor potent. And so I saw it, they were the cherry blossoms that slowly fell in one direction, with one, singular color. The beauty of conformity resonated to me. I’m home again. Standing in the middle of NAIA Terminal 3, passport clutched in my hands as I await my luggage. I watch my fellow countrymen in casual and mixed clothing, which contrasted the uniformed black suits in Seoul. Instead of designer bags, they held something more priceless — balikbayan boxes. I shift my gaze towards the OFWs with crumpled scarves around their necks and dirty shoes, watching them cry in joy as they fall in the arms of their sons and daughters. That’s when I realized my world has more than one color, neither pink nor black, not how I perceive everything to be. This is home.

LITERARY

WRITTEN BY DEANNE F. SY

WRITTEN BY CHRISTINE ELORIAGA

“Don’t let go of me and I won’t let go of you. Hold onto me and life we will push through. Trust me with your life, hold on to my hand, Because I trust you until the death of this land.” Such stupid thoughts of an innocent mind; Too blind to see the truth, too selfless and kind. I stand up for you, allowing you to be happy, But you let me suffer, and you saw it as beauty.

He rarely actually comes. But when he does, I’d tell him that I hate speaking, and he knows I hate being around one too many people. But at the same time, being with him, Bravery, actually feels comforting — as if a man could do whatever he wishes, as long as he is brave enough to do it — and maybe that is why I am too scared to have him. It may be because I am afraid of my own sentiments, or simply because I cannot. “You are as free as you allow yourself to be,” is what Bravery always says to me. There is no greater escape in your chaotic mind than letting yourself think that you are Brave. For as long as you know that you are with him, there must be nothing you will fail to do. He rarely visits, and my mind is often dithered by the things I cannot do. I need him here with me, perhaps in a waiting room while I wait for test results, or maybe just in the crowd while I deliver a speech. My hands often tremble, but with Bravery, it is as if anything can become a walk in the park. There are so many things I cannot do, so many things I want to say but cannot, so many things I want to be better at, but simply do not know where to start. But he helps me in everything that I do. He makes me feel like I have nothing to fear, like I have to do everything today because there will no longer be a tomorrow, like this world is a world full of potential.

Use me for your joy, use me for your entertainment, And the fool in me says: you have my full consent. I followed the breadcrumbs of the path you lured me in, But when I finally see the truth, all I want to do is flee. I am lost to the truth, and I am hurting. I was brought up with sadness, with a single pain and counting. I am mad at myself for being a fool, So stupid and innocent in a world this cruel. Can I just erase you? Can I just forget you? It would hurt less than if I were to hate you. The memories we made, were all of it true? Or was it a byproduct of the actual you? “Please let go of me and I will let you go. Hold on to life, and your happiness will follow. Trust someone else, not I who had found another. I’m sorry for everything, I’m sorry for each other.”

So, I thank Bravery for making me want to live my life better, for making me feel calm, for making me feel like there must be nothing I cannot do and achieve as long as I have him by my side. Do not fret, for he — who is brave — is free.

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LITERARY

ILLUSTRATED BY FRANCES MARIELLE ANGELES

The Dreamer in Blue WRITTEN BY JAMIE PAULINE A. SANCHEZ

On a warm Thursday morning of May 2001, her almond eyes fluttered towards the sunlight streaming in from the hospital windows. She is held close by Mama’s firm yet gentle arms, which are tirelessly rocking her into a peaceful sleep. Her room is filled with shining eyes, wide grins, and coos. The sky outside blushes a soft shade of blue. It feels thrilling as the outside world oaths her nothing but happiness. Papa softly sings to her at night: “You are my sunshine, my only sunshine, you make me happy when skies are gray. You’ll never know, dear, how much I love you. Please don’t take my sunshine away.” After many years, she will get tired of this story. Nevertheless, she grows up as a dreamer. Time blurs into an erratic loop. She has already encountered a few heartbreaks. She nursed a knee scrape, a broken promise of a trip to the zoo on her 7th birthday, Bowie’s death – her fluffy brown German Shepherd named after English singer-songwriter David Bowie– and many more. The sky outside buzzed, splashing a bright shade of blue with graying tips. She found herself letting noise in, just because it felt familiar. Just like the woven blanket she’d wrap herself around to watch lit shadows, or run across their backyard with a flying cape – but more often than not, she buried herself deep into the blanket as the noise has turned into an enemy.

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The blue sky has long been sullen. It is no longer waved “Hello!” by sunshine, just as Johnny Cash’s hit song finally pauses. The noise has grown, too. It lies behind her back when she sleeps, crawls inside her bathroom mirror, screeches at ‘open-mic nights’, slurps into her Caffé Americano, drizzles with the rain. She continues to fight the enemy. It is now called Madness. Is she still a dreamer? The walls are blue, soft around tattered edges, giving off a bold sheen. She hears the pitter-patter of rain – its trills in a steady rhythm, in sync with her heartbeat. Whispering loved ones fill the room. The guitar quietly plays the song of Papa. The noise is still there, but it is no longer familiar. It is no more an enemy, but a stranger. She has conquered the last face of the enemy. Death.

Noise offered her a handshake and said, “Fear is my name for now.”

Perhaps, the noise will always be there. It will always be there like a shadow, an inconspicuous dark patch among skies.

She learned to play violin. She learned how to paint. She twisted her ankle in ballet practice. She climbed up the attic, and foolishly cried to the stars.

However, there is Rebirth. The beginning of an end, as it is the end of the beginning.

She is still a dreamer.

Eventually, she grows up into a feisty youngster. She wears her hair in braids, dancing with blue electric streaks.

Her journey doesn’t end here. Oh dreamer, the world is yet to be a noiseless sky with blue hope.

LITERARY

NASCENCE WRITTEN BY MARIA YSABELLA Y. GONZALES

All beginnings begin with an end, and all endings end with a beginning; each one bearing a promise and unwavering trust in what’s coming. In a future from that day forth, in forests filled with pine trees in the north: There lies serotinous cones ever waiting to bloom, fearing the risk of death when born too soon. Emerging at the first sign of warmth and light, searching for survivors at the end of the fight. They preserve and nourish life in patience, and mightily flourish in its unsettling absence. Covered by the shadows of their ancestors no more – their wings have grown; they are ready to soar.

Everyone sees their future differently. When I was seven years old, I was keen on becoming a scientist. I believed that I could create and discover inventions from the palms of my hands. Now, at fifteen years old, that imaginative will has turned into naivety. Everyone sees their future differently. When I was seven years old, I saw the future as it is: a reality I knew I had to face. At fifteen years old, I know that the future is just as how I thought it would be. I just underestimated how hard it would be to accept. There are stages to growing up that are exposed to us ever since we were young, and our lives, to an extent, are planned out for us by these common grounds. We leap rapidly from high school, to university, then towards the pursuit of careers. Gone are

For as the forests had once burned with raging fires, sentenced by nature like witches on a pyre, their seeds have fallen, they are stagnant no longer, as they rise from their ashes, a million times stronger.

the baby steps and milk teeth, and here come the terrifying changes that will shape us as people. Terrifying enough to instill in us that mistakes cannot afford to be made. There is a culture that comes with studying for CETs, the endless cycle of procrastination and cramming, and dealing with the “real world,”. aim isn’t to mitigate these experiences, but to make us deal with them. Power through it. Smile and grit our teeth through the pain. That approach to reality ties in well with growing up in and of itself. There is no flowery metaphor that can encompass the highs and lows of growing up. There is no way to sugarcoat reality in all of its cracks and imperfections. Just as nature will not wait for anyone, it will not stop for anyone as well. A harsh reality it is, but a harsh reality it has always been. It is just a matter of whether or not we will ourselves to take the step that will make us stride across the moon.

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LITERARY

THE PHILOSOPHY OF AVATAR THE LAST AIRBENDER: REDEMPTION ARCS DONE RIGHT WRITTEN BY MIKAELA GABRIELLE P. DE CASTRO What makes a character arc so compelling? The TV show that perfectly captures elements of world-building and compelling character arcs is ATLA: The Last Airbender. The show’s screenwriters craft characters in an intentional and introspective way, showcasing each character’s individuality. The cast has conflicting ideologies, viewing the world through different lenses, but the character with the most monumental arc is Zuko, the Banished Prince. He is considered to have one of the most influential and captivating character developments throughout the entire show. In the first few episodes, the writers establish his drive; capturing the Avatar to redeem his honor and acceptance from his father. He is enigmatic, forceful, and brash, compared to the story’s heroes. We have seen similar anti-heroes who have blossomed into redeemed individuals, such as Sasuke from Naruto, and Vegeta from Dragon Ball-Z. Besides their motivations towards revenge and power, the commonality between these characters is their compelling backstories. But what makes Zuko’s arc so different compared to similar archetypes? It all boils down to character objectives. The irony in his character is rooted in his moral acts becoming the very reason for his banishment. If a story is grounded on pursuing revenge, it is common to write a whole story without the main character having an arc or development. If a conflict arises in the main character’s hands, it is impossible to have a story without confronting themselves. When character arcs are crafted, we see another side of them that tries to understand humanity, their vulnerability, and their flaws. These characters personify the relatable conflicts of man, teaching us the importance of failure and mistakes. The writers establish the culture, environment, and paradigm of the Fire Nation, allowing us to see what turned him into the desperate and furious pursuer of the Avatar. We see ourselves in Zuko’s shoes as he continues to struggle with self-identity and morality. The philosophical struggle between the characters is what truly engages us with their external goals and internal conflicts outside their belief systems. With narratives that mirror our reality, the show tackles social issues such as corruption, deceit, and bribery, and the danger certain systems bring such as dictatorship and totalitarianism. As we are immersed in different situations daily, it is our principles and values that will be tested, shaken, and driven; an applicable reminder to be vigilant and critical individuals. It poses the question: should individuals sacrifice

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themselves for the collective? Or should we simply accept the status quo?

FEATURE

Glamorization of anti-intellectualism in Philippine media, cinema, and literature WRITTEN BY MIKAELA GABRIELLE P. DE CASTRO “Edi ikaw na magaling!”

and diligent communications agent from New York in the film Four Sisters and A Wedding. As “Nakakanosebleed!” she returned to her home country, her family saw her as “ambisyosya”, constantly degrading “Share mo lang?” her wit and making disdainful comments Words of ignorance and prejudice continue towards her fluency in the English language. to emerge in the media industry as facets Through these characters, writers unveil a of anti-intellectualism. Anti-intellectualism, revelation of how we perceive intellectualism, also known as “smart-shaming”, refers to the mirroring the toxicities and harm these factors disfavor and hostility towards intellectual bring. This creates a hindrance in creating behavior and activities such as condemning meaningful discourses, exchanging relevant literature, education, and art. Ingrained in information, and expressing worthwhile and Filipino teleseryes are multiples tendencies of significant insights and opinions, which confine glorifying ignorance, along with self-deprecating stories, narratives, and issues that contribute jokes, which translate into the characterization to knowledge, truth, and values we uphold. of how roles in Filipino mainstream media Furthermore, smart-shaming instigates portray the shaming of individuals for expressing and misunderstandings logical and analytical behavior. This exhibits a misconceptions that form barriers and cut the progressive negative connotation towards intellectualism, bridge towards being analytical, having a with incomprehension and lack of knowledge stance, and arriving at a comprehensive subjected to comedy and entertainment. understanding in tackling societal issues. Another factor that contributes to anti- It dismisses the essence of the pragmatic intellectualism is the suspicious perception and aspects of rationalization and upholding of notion of Filipinos towards the English language. one’s principles. It has transcended into a The omnipresence of this behavior has been conventional phenomenon that continues to circulating prevalently, as the English language normalize these concretizations and depictions has become an unjust basis to determine one’s of our abstractions and perceptions. social class, education, and intellect, which may In order to reduce the stigma of this trace back to the roots of colonialism faced by phenomenon, we must be observant and critical the Philippines’ long history. This trait is often individuals, watchful whenever occurrences exhibited in Filipino teleseryes as portrayed by of smart-shaming arise. It is essentially characters with exaggerated gestures and lines important to avoid making irrelevant remarks, that hint to Western influences, primarily using and instead, encourage and engage in healthy the English language to define social class. In discussions, discourses, and credible research. the conventions of Philippine culture, characters who speak English are often associated with Open-mindedness, integrity, and willingness wealth, intellect, and privilege, creating different to learn more discoveries and create more stereotypes. An example is the character of Bea insights are vital, as these allow us to arrive at Alonzo, who played the role of Bobbie, a bright a common understanding.

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FEATURE

WRITTEN BY ALEXANDRA CRISTE As each day passes, humanity moves one step closer to the destruction of the Earth. Many are aware of the devastating state the environment is in, yet most still fail to take action to save it. People continue to produce products that harm the Earth in exchange for temporary pleasure and luxury. Many also fail to realize that the things they do are at the expense of one’s life: the life that is most important to them all; the life of the earth. Despite the environment’s current condition, it is never too late to take action. However, we must act quickly. Start through simple and personal actions that could result in a greater change, as no action is too small. As a Paulinian, participate in the Student Coordinating Team’s project SHIFT. The simple act of utilizing reusable utensils and containers can already create a great impact on our environment, as it reduces the amount of plastic waste produced by the school. Most Paulinians do their part and participate in SCT’s project SHIFT. However, going through the school canteen during break times, it is evident that there are still quite a number of students who make use of plastic sporks, chopsticks, and other non-reusable materials. If you are one of those students, this is a reminder for you to take action and make a little sacrifice for the Earth. Do not be selfish and remain ignorant. Instead, be aware of your surroundings, as your personal actions affect the lives of others, too. Using reusable containers may be unusual, but making small sacrifices for the Earth will always pay off. The pain and suffering of the Earth is ours as well. Keep in mind that there is limited time left to save our environment, and we must make use of this time wisely to make our Earth beautiful again for a brighter tomorrow.

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Inferno. The world as we know it is burning. Earth is well on its way to becoming that fiery inferno if humans continue to remain negligent. The abundance of toxic fumes and harmful gases emitted by the burning of fossil fuels, combined with excessive deforestation, has placed the planet in a state of crisis, leaving us with a mere 18 months to take immediate action to save our home. According to Hans Joachim Schellnhuber, founder and director emeritus of the Potsdam Climate Institute, “The climate math is brutally clear: While the world can’t be healed within the next few years, it may be fatally wounded by negligence until 2020,” emphasizing the crucial need for action by the people. Climate change continues to be more evident through environmental catastrophes, both natural and incurred by human activity. Incidents including the Amazon Rainforest Blaze, or the heat spikes and abnormalities in weather experienced by countries, have been globally rampant. In line with this, individuals, especially the youth, have continued to express distress over the world that they are to inherit, and outrage about the lack of concern shown and action taken by governments and leaders around the world. Youth environmental activists like 16-year old Swedish teenager Greta Thunberg, continue to lead the fight for our planet, urging people to act as individuals and as one, for each person is directly affected by the consequences of this phenomenon. “Knowing that we might be the last generation who can reverse the devastating effects of our changing climate, I can sense people around me becoming more active in our society, doing their best to become the eco-friendly citizens our predecessors failed to be. We are rising, exemplified as the generation of imminent change, taking our stands, and working even harder in our studies,” says Alex Punsalan, a tenth grader at SPCP when questioned about her take on the current environmental crisis. The actions being taken by SPCP, in particular, in response to this include waste segregation, encouragement in the use of recycled paper, and the Student Coordinating Team’s Project SHIFT, which entails the use of reusable or metal utensils, brought by the students themselves. SPCP is a mere microcosm of the power held by the movements of the youth around the world, reflecting the eager desire of this new generation to stand up, face, and correct the errors of its predecessors--to create a better world not just for the present, but for the future that they continue to fight for.

FEATURE

When in Mythro Manila WRITTEN BY NICOLE MIKHAELA Q. REYES

From fresh sirenas displayed in wet markets, to manananggals roaming amongst the common folk, these odd premises are no stranger to the modern Filipino. Deviating from the horror-to-the-core pocketbooks occupying the shelves of National Bookstore, the vast world of speculative fiction has now wormed its way forward as a forerunner in Filipino media. If our spines shivered at the thought of duwendes roaming the roots of the trees we trek through, imagine a fresh genre that introduces the what-if factor that takes these previously separated elementals and places them in the common situations we face on the daily grind. The lady you have given your spare change to may have been a diwata ready to give her blessing, and the old graveyard sweeper may be the buso anticipating the next body to unbury. The lack of boundaries between us and the supernatural is what makes each mass of text even more chilling, the thought of meeting eyes with a tiyanak in its stroller in SM Megamall providing a newer take on our folklore.

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With social media becoming a medium of communication and expression, various artists who have taken interest in this trend have shared their craft to the people scrolling through their timelines, i n hopes of coming across another #ManilaEncounters tweet to add to their bookmarks. This uprising of a more open approach to world-building has allowed both established and aspiring writers alike to go beyond the comforts of their expertise, and deviate from the burden of writing something good to something fun and fresh -- something new. This modern chapter in Filipino literature has not only opened a door to the world of the supernatural, but also to a new world of exploration and undiscovered possibilities. With this new platform given to local writers and fresh sets of eager eyes, it is possible to say that speculative fiction has returned our horror horizons from the macabre tales of Stephen King back to the incomparable chill of Filipino horror, the blood-curdling roars of tikbalangs bringing us back to nights spent hiding under the blanket. This fresh take on Filipino folklore is one that we have now learned to embrace, and will hopefully hold onto for the following years, but do remember to keep your hands to yourself at all times - who knows if a bakunawa drags you under in your next visit to ACE Water Spa?

FEATURE

Environmental problems have always weighed on the conscience of society. As children, many learn about pollution and the different

Revamping Disney classics: Tales as old as time meets modernity WRITTTEN BY JAMIE PAULINE A. SANCHEZ

ways we contribute to it. Many are also taught to segregate and not be wasteful. In the same way that we are taught to respect others, we are taught to save our world, or whatever remains of it. With the growing interest in environmental issues, many have begun to use knowledge and technology to find solutions for environmental problems. The environment is now on everyone’s mind, and sustainable living has become more accessible to the general public. However, as things develop into something bigger than itself, this interest becomes vulnerable to the exploitation of those in power and the miseducation of those who are only beginning to understand the movement. Corporations now use “green” methods that vary from boasting “conscious” fashion to the mere use of environmental imagery on

Taken from the 1994 Disney classic The Lion King, “It’s the circle of life – and it moves us all through despair and hope; through faith and love, ‘til we find our place on the path unwinding...”

their products. In most cases, the use of these methods places the

A new era has begun in the imaginary world of Disney. Clock hands now unwind to the

responsibility on consumers instead of producers, where the responsibility

animated classics of the 90s, and are now transformed into live-action remakes such as

rightfully belongs. Being “sustainable” has turned into something for the

Beauty and the Beast, Dumbo, Aladdin, The Lion King, and many more hits.

masses, oftentimes going against the main goal of those who fight for our environment.

Disney’s reintroductions of classics flick a debate among all ages, most especially among Millennials, Generation X, and Generation Z, where one question stands: What is

In the end, it all boils down to all of us, producers and consumers

the purpose of storytelling? If storytelling aims to convey narratives, ideas, and lessons –

alike. It comes down to how hard we are willing to work for our

regardless of audience – must it transcend over significant aspects of human identity like

environment, how much we are willing to give for the sake of everyone

culture, history, race, ethnicity, and gender?

else, and the times we will allow ourselves to sacrifice and fight for the future of our world.

The technology of filmmaking roars, as shown by the latest Disney releases in using cutting-edge CGI, but real-life actors replace animated characters. The original Disney films included iconic plotlines, themes, and soundtracks, but launch standards, stereotypes, norms, and beliefs set onto the next generations. The ideal society must adapt to the demands of times, yet somehow, the human mindset is unable to move traditions, expectations, and generalizations. The media such as Disney plays a big role in shaping society, as it holds the ability to influence wide-ranging audiences, then and now, and certainly in the future.

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WRITTTEN BY LUNA C. COSCOLLUELA

FEATURE

ISINULAT NI CENA MARIE B. GILLANA

Kakapit nang mahigpit sa bakal na hawakan bago kumawala at magwala at mawala sa kawalan. Munting banaag lamang ang tanglaw, binaliktad na ang saplot ngunit naliligaw pa rin. Alumpihit sa lilim ng Balete, humihinga, humihingal, at naghihingalo. Kalaban mo ang paanyaya ng diyablo na ang tanging mga bulong ay ang kumawala, magwala, â€˜pagkat wala kang mararating. Walang sinisino ang ligaw na bala hanggaâ€™t di nakadadaplis ng bagong biktima, ngunit namamanglaw ang liwanag hanggaâ€™t may aninong naaaninag kahit iyang siga ay nagmula pa sa tabakong sinindihan ng kapreng humihithit sa talahiban. Huwag kang matakot na kumawala at magwala at mawala sa kawalan. Hindi ka nag-iisa sa kadiliman.

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FILIPINO

LA H AT ISINULAT NI ALLYNA GEE F. VELASCO

Isang Araw sa Buhay ng Bayani ISINULAT NI GABRIELLE BERNICE E. PATERNO DAKILA. Isa lang ito sa makapaglalarawan sa mga bayani ng St.Paul College Pasig (SPCP). Walang upang marangal na matapos ang tungkulin. Ngunit hinggil sa kaalaman ng nakakararami ang kabutihan ng mga nagtatrabaho sa likod ng tagumpay na natatamo ng paaralan. Sa kanilang gawain arawsa kapwa.

Ang hirap din kapag nasanay kang nagbibigay

siya, gagaan na ang araw mo.

humpay na pagsasakripisyo ang kanilang ginagawa

araw, sana’y makita ang tunay na diwa ng paglilingkod

Lahat.

ang kanyang masayahing pagkatao. Tabihan mo lang

Hindi kumpleto ang araw ng isang Paulinian kung hindi makikita sa Tent si Jerry Garro. Pitong taon

niyang

araw-gabing

inaantabayanan

ang

paaralan. Minsan ay madadatnang ninanamnam ang kape habang nakatitig sa malayo, pero sa katunayan, sinusubaybayan niya ang mga pangyayari para sa kaligtasan ng lahat. Aniya, “Minsan yung

“Kuya, hindi po gumagana yung mic,” ang

mga tao, ipagbabawal mo sa bawal pero ipipilit

Bagong buhay muli ang nais simulan.

kadalasang maririnig nila Pepito Gallardo, Wilbert

pa rin nila. Sasabihin ko, gawaan nalang natin ng

natitirang sapat,

Pagmamahal sa sarili ay dapat gampanan,

Mastrili, at Joselito Laurencio sa isang pagtitipon.

paraan ‘yan.” Kahit sa ganung pagkakataon, hindi

kapag ikaw nagsabi lahat, tapat.

nag-iisip kung paano aalagaan ang katawan.

Dating seaman si Kuya Lito, at si Kuya Wilbert

makikitang nakasimangot si Kuya Garro. “Hindi ako

Minsan ikukuwento kahit hindi naman dapat.

At sa papaanong paraan ibabalik ang

naman ay construction worker bago tuluyang

problemahing tao, nakangiti ako lagi.” Walang dadaig

tiwalang winasak ng nakaraan.

nanatili sa SPCP. Sa higit sampung taon nila sa

sa kanyang pagkabusisi sa detalye at pagiging alerto

paaralan, maraming beses nang nasubok ang

habang nakangiti.

ng lahat.

Pag-ahon sa nakaraa’y sobrang nahihirapan

Yung tipong kahit sa sarili mo walang

Ibubuhos ang isip, puso, at atensyon. Minsa’y ginagawang kompetisyon.

Mga storyang nalalaman,

Tila ba gagawing komplikado ang dapat

mga sikretong nagbubunyagan,

leksyon,

minsan pa’y naging kanlungan.

makapagsalita akala mo ay dumaan sa

Na nagbigay ng kahulugan sa buhay na puno

matinding imbestigasyon.

ng kadiliman,

Mga salita. Mga salitang lumalabas sa bibig.

kaligayahan, kundiman ang handog sa pusong durog na durog.

Buong pusong nagsasabi at buong tiwala ang

Susubukang umahon muli

ibinubuhos.

Sa pagkadapang hindi maikukubli

Heto na naman.

pagsabak sa panibagong haharapin para sa

Heto na naman sya,

sarili ay

Ang taong palaging walang tinitira para sa

hindi maitatanggi.

sarili. Ginagawang mundo o daigdig

Ang nakaraang magmimistulang leskyon

Ang dapat kaibigan lang.

patungo sa panibagong tatahaking direksyon.

Ang taong inaakalang mong makakasama mo habangbuhay, Yun pala’y iiwanan ka lang nang di mo inaasahan, sabay sa ilog ay aagos.

Madadapa, mapapagod, hahagulgol, ngunit hindi susuko Ang mga masasakit na ala-ala ng nakaraan ay dapat ng kakalimutan.

Ibibigay ang lahat

Magsisimula, susubukang hanapin ang sarili,

dahil akala yun ang dapat

kaligayahang hindi mabibili

hindi nagtira ng para sa sarili.

ang pangarap ng pusong sawi.

Kaya pag nadurog ay hindi mapakali, nahihirapan ibalik ang dati.

kanilang kakayahan. Sabi ni Kuya Wilbert, “Hindi maiwasan yung magkulang ang gamit. Kailangan may plan B ka. Hindi pwedeng hindi, kailangan gawan ng paraan.” Ngunit, sa kabila ng walang tigil na pag-se-set-up, masaya ang araw-araw, ayon kay Kuya Lito. Hindi maipaliwanag ni Kuya Pepito ang pakiramdam tuwing nakasasalamuha niya ang mga bata. “Gusto ko yung inaasikaso sila.” Aniya, pareho ang hinahangad nila: ang mapagtagumpayan ang pagtitipon. Kapag natamo ang inaasam na tagumpay, nakikita ng tatlong ginoo ang tunay na kaligayahan sa mga mata ng mga taong kanilang napaglingkuran. Nagsimula si Guillermo Fernandez sa SPCP bilang

kusinero.

“Nihindi

ako

makahawak

manibela noon. Habang walang pinagluluto sa Retreat House, sabi ni Sister, mag-aral daw akong magmaneho, hanggang sa nakakuha ako ng lisensya. Hindi ko akalain na pati bus, mahahawakan ko.” Sa dalawampu’t tatlong taon ni Kuya Guimo sa SPCP, labing-pitong taon na siyang nagmamaneho. Aniya, hindi siya nauubusan ng biyahe. “Kahit nakakapagod, masaya ako kapag bata ang kasama, kasi halimbawa, sa immersion, tumutulong din kami. Nakawawala ng pagod, lalo ‘pag may kakulitan ka.” Kung mayroong maibabahagi si Kuya Guimo, ito

FILIPINO

Bilang alumnae ng SPCP Batch 2001, gamay na ni Blessie Sotomayor ang takbo ng pangyayari sa paaralan. Umaga pa lang ay nagbabasa ng email at inaasikaso ni Ms. Bless ang iba’t-ibang dokumento. “Kapag nagkasabay-sabay, parang sasabog yung utak ko, pero natatapos naman dahil alam ko yung priyoridad ko.” Sa bawat bagong karanasan, pinaghuhugutan niya ng saya ang ideyang may bago muli siyang makikilala. “Maya’t maya ay may papasok, magtatanong o makikipagkuwentuhan lang.” Kahit na ‘sandamakmak na papel ang haharap sa kaniya kada-araw, basta’t may nakakasama, tila kayang tapusin ang lahat ng trabahong kailangan niyang gawin. Sina Kuya Pepito, Kuya Wilbert, Kuya Lito, Kuya Guimo, Kuya Garro, at Ms. Bless ay patuloy na nagbibigay-inspirasyon sa mga mag-aaral. Ang kanilang pananatili sa SPCP ay nagbibigay-daan para maibigay yung pasasalamat na sila ay naturuan at umunlad sa kanilang buhay. Ang tiyaga, malasakit, at pagmamahal nila sa kapwa ay isang imbitasyon upang maging misyon ng lahat. Nawa ay mangibabaw sa puso ang kabutihang-asal at pag-uugali ng mga huwarang araw-araw na nakakasalamuha sa paaralan.

FILIPINO

Pagpapatupad ng Diborsyo sa Pilipinas ISINULAT NI ALYSSA E. REYES Ang

isyung

pinagdedebatihan

diborsyo ng

mga

matagal

mambabatas.

ang sitwasyon ukol sa pangangalaga sa mga anak, paghahati ng mga pag-aari ng mag-asawa, at “alimony” o pera na matatanggap ng isang asawa.

dating aktibo sa isang banda? Si Angela ay magaling

handang magbigay serbisyo – katulad lamang ni Bb.

rin gumamit ng iba’t ibang instrumento katulad ng

Angela Sioson.

kahon at gitara. Siya rin ay mahilig kumanta, at dati

Public

Relations

Officer

Student

Bilang isang cheerleader, si Angela ay nasa ika-

sa Pilipinas, tiyak na hindi mawawalan ng mga

7 taon ng kanyang pagsasanay sa larangan. Taliwas

taong maapektuhan nito. Ang mga panauhin na

sa alam ng nakararami, si Angela ay naging bihasa

pihadong maaapektuhan dito ay ang mga anak

muna sa ballet bago siya sumabak sa cheerleading;

ng maghihiwalay na mag-asawa, dahil maaaring

ayon sa kanya, ito naman ay nakatulong upang

humina ang pakikipag-ugnayan ng mga anak sa mga

mahasa niya ang kalidad katulad ng flexibility at

magulang sa kadahilanan na hiwalay na ang mga ito,

kakayahang matutunan agad ang sayaw na kaniyang

at posible rin itong makaapekto sa kanyang pag-

itatanghal. Samakatuwid, bilang isang miyembro ng

iisip o sa pagtanaw sa buhay. Maaari ring magdulot

varsity, maraming oportunidad na ang dumating sa

ang diborsyo ng emosyonal at pangkaisipan na

kanya – ilan dito ang parangal na kanyang nakuha

pagkabalisa ukol sa karanasan nito na humantong

sa mga lokal na kompetisyon katulad ng Women’s

sa diborsyo ang problemang mag-asawa. Ang

National Collegiate Athletic Association (WNCAA),

pagdidiborsyo ay hindi pagtatapos ng responsibilidad

National Cheerleading Championship (NCC), at Pasig

bilang isang magulang sa mga anak, ngunit ito ay

City Association of Private School Administrators

pagtatapos ng relasyon ng mga magulang.

(PAPRISA), at sa mga internasyonal na kompetisyon

Pilipinas, maaaring mabigyan ang mga mag-asawa ng mas maayos na pamumuhay, at ang mga hindi

ICON

ng sining at palakasan, at para sa pusong laging

Kung sakali mang maipatupad ang diborsyo

Kung maipapatupad man ang diborsyo sa

ibang produksyon. Ngunit, alam niyo ba na siya rin ay

Coordinating Team (SCT), at iba pa.

mga babae ang gustong umalis sa mapang-abusong

tahanan. Kasama na sa panukalang batas na ito

hindi sa angkinggaling na mayroon siya sa larangan

Varsity,

ayon sa karamihang pangyayari sa mga mag-asawa,

sa tumataas na bilang ng mga inaabuso sa sariling

miyembro ng Cheerleading Varsity, at kasapi sa iba’t

ay nakilala bilang isang miyembro ng Cheerleading

ayon sa pamilya, mga bata, at kababaihan, sapagkat

pagpapatupad nito sa Pilipinas ay magbibigay diin

kilala hindi lamang para sa katinikan ng utak, kung

bilang isang mahusay na estudyante, kundi siya rin

itinuturing ding isang pamamalakad na sasang-

bilang huling pagsasama upang magkasundo. Ang

ibang aspeto katulad ng kanyang pagiging SCT officer,

sa St. Paul College Pasig, hindi lamang siya lumaki

na nagnanais na ihain para sa mga Pilipino ay

na ring videographer at photojournalist. Sa dinamirami ng kanyang responsibilidad, inilahad ni Angela na kanya itong nagagampanan sa pamamagitan ng wastong paggamit ng kanyang oras at sa pagbibigayimportansya sa kanyang mga gawain. Sa kanyang paglisan sa paaralang tinawag niyang tahanan sa loob ng labing-apat na taon, ninanais lamang ni Angela ay maging isa sa mga inspirasyon upang maalala nila na kakayanin nila ang anumang pagsubok na darating. Nais rin ipaalam ni Angela sa madla na huwag sumuko – alalahanin na walang imposible, sapagkat lahat tayo ay may kakayahan, at alalahanin na ikaw ay tao bago ka naging estudyante, miyembro ng iba’t ibang organisasyon – alagaan lagi ang sarili at alalahanin na lahat ng tungkulin ay kakayanin.

katulad ng kanyang pagsabak sa Japan noong 2018 at sa World Cheerleading Championships (WCC) bilang parte ng Team Pilipinas noong 2017 at 2019.

sang-ayon sa diborsyo ay maaari pa ring manatili

Bilang parte ng SCT, naibahagi niya na ito ay

sa inaasahan nilang panghabang-buhay na relasyon.

isang instrumento upang magbigay-pugay sa student

Kaya naman, hindi maaapektuhan ng diborsyo ang

body. Sa panayam, iniulat ni Angela na noong una,

mga taong hindi sang-ayon dito, ngunit para sa mga

nagkaroon pa siya ng pag-aalinlangan sa pagtakbo

taong may gusto nito, ito ay isang malaking tulong

sa posisyon. Ngunit sa tulong ng kanyang mga

sa kanila. Ang Pilipinas ay hindi sekular na bansa

kaibigan, kanyang nalampasan ito. Wika niya na ang

na umaasa sa desisyon ng relihiyon; sa katunayan,

kanyang pagiging SCT officer ay hindi lamang isang

ang Pilipinas ay binubuo ng maraming relihiyon,

karangalang ipinagkakaloob ng institusyon, kung

nagkataon lamang na ang Katolikong simbahan ay

hindi isang tungkuling bukas-puso niyang tinanggap

ang may pinakamalaking populasyon sa bansa.

Tunay nga na si Angela Sioson ay kilala sa iba’t

Wika nga ng maraming tao, ang Paulinian ay

baitang labindalawa. Sakanyang labing-apat na taon

Ito

oobserba sa mag-asawa sa ilalim ng anim na buwan

ISINULAT NI TRISHA M. PURIFICACION

Si Angela Sioson ay isang mag-aaral mula sa

nang

relasyon. Ang proseso nito ay magsisimula sa pag-

PATOK PAULINIAN: Ang 360 Approach

at ginagampanan.

FILIPINO

MAKIKIBAKA KA BA? ISINULAT NI CENA MARIE B. GILLANA Hindi nakakulong sa apat na sulok ng silidaralan ang tungkulin ng kabataan sa lipunan.

Hanggang Kailan?

ng sistemang reproduktibo, at ang pagpapalawak ng

edukasyon

hinggil

pangangalaga

kalusugan, kabilang na rito ang sexual education. Sa pamamagitan ng kanilang plataporma sa social

Sa gitna ng napakaraming suliraning panlipunan,

media, nakapagbibigay dinsila ng mga makabuluhang

malayang nakikiisa ang kabataan sa pagtaguyod ng

pananaw at pagpapalawak ng mga kaalaman hinggil

panlipunang kaayusan sa lansangan, sa social media,

sa mga kontrobersyal na paksa tulad ng isyu sa

at sa iba’t ibang plataporma. Bilang pagpapakita

SOGIE Bill.

ng pagkakaisa at pakikibaka, itinatag ang iba’t ibang organisasyon upang tumugon sa mga isyung napapanahon. Sa pagkakaalam nito, ano nga ba ang ilan sa mga organisasyong pinatatakbo ng mga kabataan?

1. Kythe Foundation Inc. Binibigyang halaga ng Kythe ang pagpapabuti ng kalidad ng buhay ng mga batang may malulubhang sakit tulad ng kanser, sakit sa puso, atbp. Alinsunod dito, ihinahandog ng Kythe ang Kythe Child Life Program, isang programang naglalayong magbigay ng sikolohikal na suporta para sa mga bata at pamilyang nangangailangan ng pagpapayo o counseling. Ngayon, umaabot na sa mahigit 11,000 ang mga batang natulungan ng Kythe.

2. Kids for Kids Iisa lamang ang layunin ng Kids for Kids: ang makapag-iwan ng marka at magdala ng pagbabago sa lipunan. Simula noong 2015, nakalikom ang organisasyon ng higit sa dalawang milyong piso para sa mga benepisyaryo nito. Itinataguyod ng Kids for Kids ang diwa ng ‘bayanihan,’ kung kaya’t nakikipagtulungan ito sa iba’t ibang organisasyon tulad ng UNICEF, the Philippine General Hospital, atbp.

Ang Initiative PH ay nagsimula lamang bilang mga grupo ng estudyante mula sa De La Salle University Senior High School na namamahagi ng tulong sa mga biktima ng kalamidad gamit ang kanilang sariling pera. Ang karanasang ito ang nagsilbing inspirasyon sa kanila bago pa man sila makahanap ng mga kaanib. Mula sa payak na karanasang ito, umusbong ang isang organisasyong maraming natutulungan. Ilan na

Ang masaktan ay hindi maiiwasan Paulit-ulit na karanasan na hindi malilimutan Sapagkat ito ang nagsisilbing aral Na kinapupulutan ng pangsariling dangal Huwag iwasan ang masaktan, Dahil ito ang sumisimbolo sa katapangan Hayaang ito ang magsilbing guro Sa mundo nating sadyang magulo Huwag magpapabulag sa gulo ng mundo Dahil lahat ng bagay ay may pangkaloobang kapayapaan Katotohanan ang magdadala sa atin sa kapayapaan Ngunit hanggang kailan ang kasiguraduhan ng katotohanan? Hanggang sa nasasaktan nga ba?

rito ang mga biktima ng Marawi Siege, mga apektado sa kalamidad, at ang mga taong nasa laylayan.

5. Talang Dalisay Hinihikayat ng Talang Dalisay ang pagtanggap sa sarili at ang pag-abot sa mga pangarap at potensyal. Ang temang pinahahalagahan ng Talang Dalisay ay ang kalusugang pangkaisipan o mental health. Isa sa mga layuning itinataguyod ng organisasyong ito ay ang paglaan ng mga programang makapagpapalawig ng edukasyon tungkol sa kalusugang pangkaisipan, nang sa gayon ay malabanan ang mga stigma at makapagbigay-suporta para sa mga pamilya. Ang mga organisasyong ito, magkakaiba man ng suliraning tinutugunan, ay may iisang layunin: ang makapagtatag ng pagbabago bilang pakikibaka para sa mundong mas mapayapa. Ang bawat

3. Amarela PH Isinusulong ng Amarela PH ang karapatang pangkababaihan. Isa sa mga layunin ng Amarela ay ang paglunsad ng mga programang makapagpapabuti

4. The Initiative PH

ISINULAT NI ALYSSA E. REYES

ICON

organisasyong nabanggit ay malayang tumatanggap ng kabataang may malakas na panindigan at pagkukusang makatulong sa kapwa. Ikaw, makikibaka ka ba?

FILIPINO

Panitikang Pilipino ISINULAT NI LOREIZ NICOLE R. ABANES

Naghahatid ng makabuluhang mensaheng pampulitikal, panrelhiyon, panlipunan, pang-

The Woman Who Had Two Navels (1961) – Nick Joaquin

kultura, at pang-ekonomiya ang iba’t ibang anyo ng panitikang Pilipino. Ito ay sumsalamin sa

Ibinibida ang paglalakbay ng isang babae tungo sa kalayaan mula sa kanyang madidilim at

kasaysayan ng Pilipinas at ang ating identidad bilang isang Pilipino. Ito rin ay nagsisilbing daan

traumatikong nakaraan, ang The Woman Who Had Two Navels ay isinulat ng pambansang manunulat

upang iugnay ang nakaraan sa ating kasalukuyan. Nakatuon din ito sa tunay na kalagayan ng lipunan at reyalidad ng buhay ng mamamayang Pilipino. Narito ang mga limang tanyag at klasikong nobelang isinulat ng mga Pilipinong manunulat:

Noli Me Tangere (1887) – Dr. Jose Rizal Sa panahon ng pananakop ng mga Kastila, ang kanilang mga kasakiman, korapsyon, at hindi makatarungang pamamahala ay inilarawan sa nobelang ito. “Huwag mo akong salingin” sa wikang Filipino, ang Noli Me Tangere ang unang nobelang sinulat ng ating pambansang bayani na si Dr. Jose Rizal. Naging malaki ang impluwensiya nito sa pagaalsa ng mga Pilipino laban sa mga Kastila. Isiniwalat sa aklat na ito ang mga kasamaan at pang-aabuso ng mga prayle na noon ay itinuturing na mas makapangyarihan pa sa

na si Nick Joaquin. Ang pangunahing karakter na si Connie Escobar ay may delusyong mayroon siyang dalawang pusod upang siya ay matanggap bilang katangi-tangi o espesyal na tao. Ang kanyang imahinasyon ay sumisimbolo sa kanyang pagnanasang makatakas mula sa masasamang karanasan. Sinasabing si Escobar ang kumakatawan sa bansang Pilipinas, habang ang kanyang nakaraan ay sumisimbolo sa mga digmaan at pananakop na naganap sa bansa.

Mga Ibong Mandaragit (1969) – Amado V. Hernandez Ang Ibong Mandaragit ay isang sosyopolitikang nobelang isinulat ng aktibistang panlipunan na si Amado V. Hernandez. Kinikilala rin ito bilang karugtong na nobela ng El Filibusterismo. Nakatuon ang aklat kung paano ginagamit ang ekonomiya, pampulitika, at pang-kultura upang maimpluwensyahan at manakop ng bansa. Inilalarawan din ng aklat ang mga karanasan

lokal na alkalde. Ang paggamit ng mga prayle sa relihiyong Katoliko upang sakupin at

ni Hernandez bilang gerilya, ang epekto ng industriyalisasyon sa

gawing alipin ang mga Pilipino ay tinalakay rin sa libro.

Pilipinas na dala ng Amerika, at ang mga suliranin at kagipitang pinagdaanan ng nakararami sa panahon ng pananakop ng mga

Banaag at Sikat (1906) – Lope K. Santos Tinaguriang bilang bibliya ng mga manggagawang Pilipino at isa sa mga pinakaunang nobelang nailimbag sa wikang Filipino, ang Banaag at Sikat ay

Hapon sa Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig.

Dekada ’70 (1983) – Lualhati Bautista Isang pagsasalaysay ng mga pangunahing saksi sa mga pangyayaring naganap sa

umiinog sa buhay ng magkaibigang Delfin at Felipe na mayroong magkaibang

partikular na madilim na bahagi ng kasaysayan ng Pilipinas, ang Dekada ’70 ay hinggil

idelohiya kaugnay sa sosyalismo. Tinatalakay dito ang iba’t ibang paksang

sa mga karanasan ng isang pamilyang nasa gitnang antas ng lipunan sa panahon ng

panlipunan katulad ng sosyalismo at kapitalismo. Tumutukoy din ito sa

pamamahala ni Marcos. Tinalakay ditoang mga sunod sunod na trahedyang nangyari

posibilidad ng malaking pagbabago sa lipunan kaugnay sa distribusyon ng

at mga paglabag sa karapatan ng mamamayang Pilipino na nagpa-usbong sa kanilang

kayamanan, oportunidad, at kapangyarihan. Ito ay nagsilbing pamukawkasiglahan sa kilusang Hukbo ng Bayan Laban sa Hapon.

pakikibaka laban sa gobyerno. Inilarawan din ang pagpupumiglas ng mga kababaihan sa panahong ito dahil sa hindi pagkakapantay-pantay ng kasarian. Ito ay nagsisilbing pamulat sa mga Pilipino, lalo na sa mga kabataan, sa tunay na naging kalagayan ng Pilipinas sa rehimeng Marcos. Tunay ngang mayaman ang panitikang Pilipino. Bagama’t iilan lang ang nakalahad sa listahan, napakarami pang iba’t ibang panitikan na nagsilbing apoy sa damdaming makabayan. Nawa’y patuloy nating tangkilikin at ipalaganap ang panitikang Pilipino.

FILIPINO