HOUSING AND TRANSPORTATION AFFORDABILITY
Presented by: Paras Mongia
HOUSING AND TRANSPORTATION AFFORDABILITY| SDG GOAL FOR GURUGRAM
Sustainable and affordable mobility for all:•Ensure that at least 90 percent of daily motorised travel trips are carried by affordable, reliable and modernised public transport systems, efficient para-transit and extensive non-motorised transport •Promote compact city design to reduce distances and vehicle-km travelled and increase public transport and walking Sustainability agenda to include poor:•Sustainability demands equitable access to all – including poor households, renters and slum dwellers to basic resources; safe and affordable housing; appropriate housing typologies for all income groups and policy support for for self constructed housing for poor.
Migration population in main cluster of Informal Housing
Unauthorized Colonies for tenants • Highest amount of illegal Colonies are inside the Municipal boundary near Basai area. • Maximum migrated population preferably stay in unauthorized colonies at cheaper rent.
HOUSING AND TRANSPORTATION AFFORDABILITY| SDG GOAL FOR GURUGRAM
Sustainability for all:•70% of housing demand in Gurugram is from EWS and LIS categories; 20-25 % from mid segment and 5% for luxury segment. •In 2011, Gurugram had 10.2 % share of state’s slum population. • Formal Housing: 16721 EWS plots in residential colonies and 35833 EWS flats in group housing colonies, still unable to met the demand. •Rental Housing: very high demand among migrant worker because of proximity to work. •Sub Standard living conditions: overcrowding, shared toilets and lack of basic amenities. •Rental housing is provided by tenant, contractor or landlord built in private or gram sabha land. •Alternative: Self construction on encroached land without access of basic services.
Fig:- Map shows the location of informal settlements around major hubs
TYPOLOGIES/ LAYOUTS OF VARIOUS ILLEGAL RENTAL HOUSING IN GURUGRAM
Plan of jhuggi type Rental Housing
Plan of Tenement type Rental Housing
Sectional View of Tenement type Rental Housing
Plan of Courtyard-type Rental Housing
RENTAL HOUSING IN GURUGRAM Why Rental Housing Originated in Gurugram? Reason - Job opportunities, Education etc. Due to the above opportunities, large number of people started migrating to Gurugram. So, for those Immigrants, the local’s started offering them Rental Services which led to the origin of rental housing. Later government took it in consideration and started the formal rental housing and allowed the Owner to build the rental floors.
1991-2001
→ Maruti Udyog Establishment led to
population increase. 2001-2011
→ Establishment of I.T Sector, Educational Hub, Maruti Kunj there was increase in population.
2011-Present → Now Education is one of the major factors along with job opportunities.
ACTS AND POLICES REGARDING RENTAL HOUSING Rent Control Act
▪ In this the rent is fixed for social equity in the housing market. ▪ The first place in India was Bombay where it was applied after first world war in 1918.
Criticism against Rent Control ACT ▪ Fixation of rent (As it has low rate return.) ▪ Formation of Black, Uncontrolled Rental housing Markets.
▪ Difficult to evict the tenant (For the purpose of reselling of house.) National Housing Policy 2007 ▪ Nothing specific for migrants workers (just focused in increasing supply of rental housing). ▪ Temporary rest accommodation within the site, toilet facilities to be provided by construction companies, government. ▪ Employer Housing. ▪ No mention of transit accommodation or anything special for recent migrants.
ROLE OF VARIOUS STAKEHOLDERS IN HOUSING SECTOR: HUDA The Haryana Urban Development Authority (HUDA) •
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Responsible for the overall development of the towns in the Sub-region- including infrastructure. Needs to play an important role to address the housing need in the sub-region.
Housing Board •
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The housing board has prime function to provide houses for economically weaker section. The main objective of the Board is to construct houses for socially and economically weaker sections of the society.
Private Sector: •
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pioneer in involving private sector towards development of residential colonies with a condition to provide plots/flats for EWS category. In the case of Group Housing colonies, the licensee is required to construct EWS flats not less than 200 sq. ft. each
Rural Housing Need Rural housing requirements should be delivered by • Encouraging private players by introducing development incentives • Effective implementation of centralized housing schemes
Programs and Policies: The Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation is implementing various plans and policies in the country to address the concerns of housing, infrastructure, slum development and basic civic amenities with special emphasis to urban poor. 1. Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM): Basic Services to the Urban Poor (BSUP) & Integrated Housing and Slum Development Programme (IHSDP) 2. Swarna Jayanti Shahri Rozgar Yojana (SJSRY) 3. Rajiv Awas Yojana (RAY) 4. National Urban Livelihood Mission (NULM) 5. Affordable Housing in Partnership (AHIP): 6. Provision of night shelters- Existing-2; Proposed-1
METHODOLOGY FOR DEMAND AND SUPPLY GAP FOR HOUSING
EXPENDITURE ON TRANSPORTATION IN GURUGRAM
▪ In terms of income distribution: • 48% of households have income of than Rs. 20000 pm. • 45% lie in income range of Rs. 10000 – 20000 per month. • About 2% of households earn below Rs 5000 pm • 4% earn between Rs 5000-10000 pm. Household monthly Income distribution
▪ In terms of monthly expenditure on transport: • 40% of households spend in excess of Rs 2000 pm • 26% families who spend in the range of Rs 10001500 • 15% in the range of Rs 1500 -2000 respectively
Monthly Expenditure on Transport (Rs)
Source of Data: https://gmdaitdivision1568378029432AnnexureADraftMobilityManagementPlan.pdf
Description
Monthly Expense
Accommodation Groceries Transport Utilities Entertainment Shopping Kids Schooling Total Expense
10,000 4,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 5,500 3,000 31,500
Average monthly expense of a four member family in Gurugram
10% 32%
Accommodation Groceries
17%
Transport Utilities 10%
Entertainment 13%
Shopping
9% Kids Schooling 9%
S.no.Catagory 1
Economically Weaker Section.(EWS)
Annual Income
Monthly Income
Upto Rs.1,00,000/- P.A. 8333/From Rs. 1,00,001/- to Rs. 2 Low Income Group(LIG) 2,00,000/- P.A. 16666/Middle Income From Rs. 2,00,001/- to Rs. 3 Group(MIG) 4,50,000/- P.A. 37500/4 Higher Income Group(HIG) Above Rs. 4,50,000/- P.A. _
Total % of housing and transportation expense Can't afford the basic nessecities 78% of total income
34% of total income _
INFERENCE:•In terms of monthly expenditure on transport about 40% of households spend in excess of Rs 2000 pm followed by 26% families who spend in the range of Rs 10001500 and another 15% in the range of Rs 1500 -2000 respectively (as mentioned in above analysis. •The people under Economically Weaker Section and Lower Income Group can’t even afford the basic monthly expense to live in Gurugram. •As these two groups covers major population mass of Gurugram, nearly 70% of population have expense of more then 45% of their income on Housing and transport.
CONCLUSION ▪
Appropriate housing supply is invariably inadequate in terms of volume, quality or location. This disparity causes house prices to increase disproportionately compared to income levels and unaffordability to set in.
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Two possible reasons for this unaffordability condition in the housing sector:
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Due to high rent in the city, there is absence of affordable housing within the feasible radius of job locations. Hence, people are reluctant to not spend on transportation.
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People under EWS category, cannot afford the houses at high rent.