Assessment on Integration of Disaster Mitigation/ Management strategies in Spatial Planning of city

Assessment of Integration of Disaster Mitigation/ Management in Spatial Planning

ASSIGNMENT V

To : Ms. Kankan Kataria

By : Paras Mongia

SPD

200MPLUP021

Introduction

Source: http://www.greenhumour.com/2020/05/gangtok-urban-biodiversity-map.html

Gangtok - C i t y P R O F I L E

Gangtok - C i t y P R O F I L E

M A P S H OW I N G WA R D S O F G A N GTO K M .C . A R EA

A N A LYS I S O F E X I ST I N G D E V E LO P E D A R EA ( G M C )

P R I N C I P L E S O F S PAT I A L P L A N N I N G S T R AT E G I E S

G M C

A R E A

Natural and Man-Made Hazards in the City Hazard Prone Areas in Gangtok

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Organization Chart DDMA (East District)

Earthquake hazard is of constant concern as Gangtok City falls under Seismic IV category implying huge vulnerability of the city to potential earthquake of high intensity.

Landslide is also a recurring hazard mostly due to urbanization and muck accumulation, it’s likeliness of occurrence is during the peak monsoon season, similar with flash flood and Hailstorms including Lightning and Thunder.

Forest Fire occurs in the fringes of the GMC notified area during winter season whereas the threat of house fire looms throughout the year

https://www.irade.org/RCVA_Gangtok.pdf

https://eastsikkim.nic.in/ddmae/

E a r t h q u a ke H a z a r d M a p p i n g • Gangtok lies in the Seismic Zone-IV, implying huge vulnerability of the city to potential earthquake of high intensity.

• According to the Multi-Hazards Risk Vulnerability Assessment Report of Gangtok; 29% of the GMC area falls in very high risk zone while 13.45% of the area fell in very medium high risk zone.

• The area’s most likely to be affected by Earthquake are those in and around below Arithang, below Paljor stadium and around Amdogolai, Burtuk etc.

• The last major earthquake in Sikkim was recorded on September 18, 2011 which was of 6.8 magnitudes on the Richter scale.

• The epicenter of the quake was about 64 kms northwest of Gangtok along the junction point of Teesta lineament and Kanchenjunga fault in the North District of Sikkim.

• The high intensity tremor triggered various types of natural calamities in the form of landslides, road blocks, falling boulders, lake bursts, flash floods, falling of trees etc. and caused severe damage to life and property of the people in Sikkim.

Flood Hazard Mapping • Flash floods are dangerously fast moving floods caused by a large amount of heavy rain in a localized area.

• Flash floods unlike normal floods, appear quickly and move swiftly across land with little warning.

• Flash floods occur for a variety of reasons including concentrated rainfall during a slow moving thunderstorm, hurricanes, and tropical storms.

• The most devastating flash floods are from dam and levee failures.

• When either structure breaks, an enormous amount of water is suddenly unleashed, destroying everything in its path.

• According to the Multi-Hazards Risk Vulnerability Assessment Report of Gangtok; 6.68% of the GMC area falls in very high risk zone.

Landslide Hazard M a p p i n g • The term landslide describes a wide variety of processes, including debris avalanches, debris flows, and other rapid mass wasting events which result in the rapid downward and outward movement of soil, rock and vegetation under the force of gravity.

• Landslide events occur when the slope reaches a critical level of instability and can be also be triggered by rains, flooding, seismic events, and other factors.

• Slope instability may be variable (i.e. caused by such factors as heavy rain and changes in ground water levels), it may be transient, as in the case of seismic activity or it may be inherent due to the weak composition of the soil or rock structures.

• New environmental conditions such as those resulting from the removal of vegetation due to construction may also create instability in slopes.

• According to the Multi-Hazards Risk Vulnerability Assessment Report of Gangtok; 7.51% of the GMC area falls in very high risk zone while 24.64% of the area falls in very medium high risk zone.

• The area’s most likely to be affected by landslide are those in and around 6th mile near Holy Cross School, along PS jhora and area around Burtuk

Fire Hazard Mapping

Stability Mapping

Multi-Hazard Mapping

Gangtok City Rapid Vulnerability Assessment Goal: The project aims to provide decision supporting tools for disaster risk reduction in two North Eastern cities (Gangtok and Shillong).

The project objectives are: 1. To develop maps at the scale of 1:4000 and map the hazard/disaster wise vulnerable zones of the Shillong and Gangtok urban agglomerations.

2. To identify and map critical infrastructure at risk through ground surveys – telecommunication, emergency operation centres, shelter, slums, hospitals, schools etc. on maps of 1:4000.

3. To develop a disaster resilience action plan for the identified cities and prioritise actions for disaster risk reduction through multi-stakeholder consultations involving citizens, government, public and private sector.

4. To spread awareness and capacity building of citizens, city, district and state authorities on disaster resilience of the North Eastern cities.

Landslide Occurance in Gangtok

https://www.irade.org/RCVA_Gangtok.pdf

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E-workshop on developing a disaster resilience action plan for gangtok was conducted in oct 2020.

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Developing disaster resilience action plan through gis & prioritising actions for natural disaster risk reduction in urban agglomerations of shillong & gangtok

Disaster Resilient Construction Practices

Disaster Resilient Construction Practices

https://www.slideshare.net/reknid/housing-intervention-for-seismic-induced-disaste-gangtoksikkim

Disaster Resilient Construction Practices

https://www.slideshare.net/reknid/housing-intervention-for-seismic-induced-disaste-gangtoksikkim

Disaster Resilient Construction Practices

https://www.slideshare.net/reknid/housing-intervention-for-seismic-induced-disaste-gangtoksikkim

Disaster Resilient Construction Practices

https://www.slideshare.net/reknid/housing-intervention-for-seismic-induced-disaste-gangtoksikkim

Disaster Mangement Policies

https://www.slideshare.net/reknid/housing-intervention-for-seismic-induced-disaste-gangtoksikkim

REFERENCES https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274705327_LandUse_Planning_for_Disaster_Reduction_and_Management_a_Case_Study_ of_Gangtok_area_East_Sikkim/link/55265ab60cf21e126f9d8f86/download https://ndmindia.mha.gov.in/images/pdf/03_ReviewofEWSGangtok.pdf

http://udhd.sikkim.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/GANGTOK-DRAFT-MASTER-PLAN-FINALR1-compressed-compressed.pdf https://ndmindia.mha.gov.in/images/pdf/MultiHazardRiskVulnerabilityAssessment.pdf

http://www.ssdma.nic.in/Home/ContentFor?MenuID=53&ContentFor=Content_SubMenu http://msdma.gov.in/ne_cf_els_presentations/technical_session3/Sikkim_LandRevenue_and_DM_Department_EQ_Landslide_BestPr actice.pdf http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/11082/1/IJTK%2010%281%29%20198-206.pdf https://www.slideshare.net/reknid/housing-intervention-for-seismic-induced-disaste-gangtoksikkim https://nmhs.org.in/pdf/Progress_Reports/NMHS%20Project%20APR%202018/201617/MG14_07_Jyoti%20Parikh_IRADE/annual_report _2017-18.pdf https://www.irade.org/RCVA_Gangtok.pdf

https://eastsikkim.nic.in/ddmae/