Database Design Essay examples

Database Environment

Brandon Smith

DBM/380

10–8–2012

Kenneth Hoskins

Database Environment

"A database is a structured collection of records or data that is stored in a computer system. In order for a database to be truly functional, it must not only store large amounts of record, but also be able to access those records fast and efficiently. In addition, new information and changes should also be easy to input." (tech–faq.com) To be useful over a long term the database should be able to store all the records necessary for the business to function as well as be able to get all of this information back in case of a system failure or a crash. If all the information is loss a business could go bankrupt so the database is a fail...show more content... "Imagine a person on a desktop computer who uses Microsoft Access to load up a list of personal addresses and phone numbers that he or she has saved in MS Windows "My Documents" folder. This is an example of a one–tier database architecture" (Windowsecutity.com) "A two tier client/ server architecture is one in which a user interacts through a Graphical User Interface to communicate with the database server across a network via Structured Query Langauage." (Windowsecurity.com) Last is an N–Tier Clinet/Server Architecutre. "Most n–tier database architectures exist in a three–tier configuration. In this architecture the client server model expands to include a middle tier (business tier) which is an application server that houses the business logic. This middle tier relieves the client application and the database server of some of their processing duties by translating client calls into database queries and translating data from the database into client data in return." (windowsecurity.com)

The one tier is best suited for single users that have a small amount of information to store. It will run on the machine the user is using and will store it on the machines (computer, tablet, cellphone, ect) and has to use a physical resource to access and process this information. If you have multiply users and a small scale of applications you would use the two tier client/server architecture. This would be an example of anyone that uses the

Databases have been around long before the computer first utilized them, but they became a necessity as the industry has been using them now for over 40 years. Everything is a database now, your inventory, your class schedule, your closet, it is all a possible database. Arora and Gupta state, "Stand alone applications have been replaced with web–based applications, dedicated servers with multiple servers dedicated storage with network storage" (Arora and Gupta 2012). There have been several movements to try and change the database environment, however attempts to replace the relational database with the object–oriented database never came to popularity and relational databases popularity remains high today. However, a new movement called...show more content...

Cloud computing has really shifted the whole landscape of how companies do their databases now, and with this has brought the concept of big data. According to google big data is defined as, "Extremely large data sets that may be analyzed computationally to reveal patterns, trends, and associations, especially relating to human behavior and interactions". Big data has really taken off with the use of cloud computing. Though they sound the same, the main difference between cloud computing and big data is the cloud is the actual infrastructure while big data is the actual content you will see in the database. Today's industry is built off information, the more information a person can get to know about you, the more they can use to their advantage. A good example of this is the shirts you buy off an online retailer. If you have information and trends that show you may get suggestions similar to that brand with recommendations or even get promotional coupons depending on how much information you have given to this company about yourself. These companies with their powerful databases can look at an individual user making this concept very powerful in today's market. According to Ularu, Puican, Apostu, and Valicanu (2012), "IBM's view Big Data has four aspects: Volume... Velocity... Variety... Veracity." These are all determined from the how big the size and

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Introduction

Effective implementation of strategic plan is a critical task for the management. Before the implementation of this plan, it is essential for the business personnel to collect pertinent information about the strategic plan. In this concern, various database systems have been introduced. For effective management of the staff functions and line functions as well as execution of strategic plan, the company should make use of the data oriented model. The systematic integration of the goals can be done with the help of a well developed information system (O'Brien, 2003). Some of the important database systems are management information system (MIS), knowledge management system (KMS), enterprises resource planning (ERP),...show more content...

Knowledge management system is very advantageous for the organizations in sharing of information about the organization, in keeping down excess of work, in reducing the effective consumption of time and in codifying the knowledge. With the help of this system, the company can manage needed documents and share information within different levels (Alavi & Leidner, 2001).

Enterprises Resource Planning: It is an important database to implement the strategic plan effective. This database system assists the firm to restore the information about the resources of the firm such as human resource, financial resources, details about material, suppliers, vendors, and other tangible assets and deals with the planning and use of resources used in the business (Chiat & Ching, 2004). ERP solution has an advantage of fast implementation as the design and development is eliminated being a package. The ERP provides the methodology of assessing the resources needed for a given business in order to achieve business objectives. It also helps to execute the strategies, plans, decisions, and actions within a time limit (O'Brien, 2003).

In addition, some other features of ERP database system are command in language and manage effective communication, separation of the program code and the data areas, transactional flow control in the strategic plan, central table system for

Database A database is an organised body of related files and or information. It is simply an automated library system an is maintained as an integral part of most organisations worldwide. A cite on the World Wide Web, the Webopedia Computer Dictionary, refers to thedatabase as a collection of information organized and presented to serve a specific purpose. (A telephone book is a common database.) A computerized database is an updated, organized file of machine readable information that is rapidly searched and retrieved by computer.

A Data Base Management System is a collection of programs that...show more content...

Sophisticated languages for managing database systems are called fourth–generation languages, or 4GLs for short.

The information from a database can be presented in a variety of formats. Most DBMSs include a report writer program that enables you to output data in the form of a report. Many DBMSs also include a graphics component that enables you to output information in the form of graphs and charts.

Migrating from the manual and paper file set up is always an advantage in its own capacity. We shall highlight the major advantages of using a database or Data Base Management System in an organisation. Using a database will reduce both data redundancy and inconsistency. For larger or even smaller organisations like a small time starting estate agency, a database will promote sharing of data for example when referring to client files. Their rent or sales teams can share the information in order to be able to assist their clients better. Standards are enforced, through the use of the data dictionary or catalogue. Another advantage is that privacy and integrity controls are applicable to groups of users such as passwords and access controls for security. In–terms of privacy, a selection of authourised users can use the database and with reference to integrity, the database

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Oracle Databases

A new energy is rising within CNS. Over the past year, many members of our administrative computing team have been developing Oracle applications. It is a new challenge to both CNS and our clients. We journey up the learning curve together and over the trial–and–error hurdles. Each day offers a new opportunity to understand another concept or process. Some faculties and departments are already using Oracle applications in their day–to–day operations. As time goes by, more and more information users will be working with an application based on Oracle database technology. If you get the opportunity to be a member of an application development team, you will become familiar with the workings of Oracle and relational...show more content... A field has little meaning unless it is seen within the context of other fields. The postal code T6G 2H1, for example, expresses nothing by itself. To what person or business does it belong? The postal code field is informative only after it is associated with other data. In Oracle, the fields relating to a particular person, thing, or event are bundled together to form a single, complete unit of data, called a record (it can also be referred to as a row or an occurrence). Each record is made up of a number of fields. No two fields in a record can have the same field name. During an Oracle database design project, the analysis of your business needs identifies all the fields or attributes of interest. If your business needs change over time, you define any additional fields or change the definition of existing fields.

Oracle Tables

Oracle stores records relating to each other in a table. For example, all the records for employees of a company would be stored by Oracle in one table, the employee table. A table is easily visualized as a tabular arrangement of data, not unlike a spreadsheet, consisting of vertical columns and horizontal rows.

We live in a world where everything information is accissable almost every where. Most people thing of technology as something that is connected to the satellite but we all know what it is in reality. From the time that you are born to the time when your leave a country your information is available to people. Today billions of people use facebook, google. Every time you make an account you are supposed to give them your information but that not it there are so many other thigns that are stored using technology. Your grades, passport, visa. Where are how do these information get stored. They get stored computers or the technical term databases. Just like that the computers database have also come a long way. Database existed since antient...show more content...

For example, if some on had to listen to a song on a tape they would have to rewind it to the exact spot of the tape to get the information that they needed.

That's is what caused the invention of file systems. The file system closely resembled a filing cabinet. Just like a filing cabinet Information was stored in files or directories. These folders could be placed in other folders thus creating hierarchy i.e. it eradicated a single directory or folder, and this was the basis for the file hierarchy system. The reason File Systems are necessary is because it ensures reliability in data storage and it also manages access and retrieving data much easier and quicker. But this wasn't the end of databases, new technology kept coming into the market.

As computers grew in speed and capability the same had to be with information storage. In the 1960s, the term database management was coined in to existence. That's when two standards emerged, the hierarchical model was by IBM's Information Management System and the other was the Network model by Charles Bachman IDS (Integrated Data Store). With the introduction of these two models indicated how serious business data was becoming to the world.

Then came relational database, Edgar Codd, who worked for the IBM's San Jose Research Laboratory came up with a revolutionary database that would change the way information was stored. He used a "ARelational Model of Data for Large

Generally Institutions are mature and different systems are employed by the libraries to manage their resources in an efficient manner but still many libraries remain unconvinced and show reluctance to employ and switch over to new systems. Library management refers to the issues involved in managing the resources available in library such as classification of material, book processing, Journals.

My plan in implementing database design for college library will bring out technical advantages that are lacking in present system in maintaining Library.I will analyse the limitations of existing manual system employed by a college library and will mainly focus on the solution to provide a centralised repository