Booklet Term-02

LOCAL ECONOMY - DEVELOPMENT PLAN GRIMSBY, NORTH EAST LINCOLNSHIRE PAFUN PALWATWICHAI

Landscape Urbanism 2017-18 Architectural Assosiation

BOOKLET TERM 2 AA LANDSCAPE URBANISM 2017-18

Directors Alfredo Ramirez Eduardo Rico Design Tutors Clara Oloriz Sanjuan Seminar Tutors Douglas Spencer Technical Tutors Gustavo Romanillos Claudio Campanile Sumitted By Pafun Palwatwichai

Architectural Association School of Architecture London, UK

CONTENT

01 Grimsby’s Local Economy

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Timeline History of Grimsby

10

Local Economy Grimsby: 2011-now

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Grimsbytelegraph: Grimsby Local Media(News)

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02 The Effect of Tourism on Property Values: Grimsby

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Grimsby Economic Income

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The Effect of Tourism on Property Values: Grimsby

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03 The Effect of Tourism on Property Values: England

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The Effect of Tourism on Property Values: Grimsby

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Case Study of Second Homes: St.Ives

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04 Local Authority:

North East Lincolnshire Council

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North East Lincolnshire Council, Grimsby

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North East Lincolnshire CouncilDevelopment and Growth Board Structure

27

Heritage Action Zones, Grimsby

28

Grimsby Heritage Action Zone: Historic Docks and Town Centre

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05 The Organisations who Support Heritage

,gland

30

Historic England Historic Buildings and Monuments Commission for England

32

Creative Foundation, Quarterhouse, Mill Bay, Folkestone

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The Heritage Lottery Fund (HLF), National Lottery funding

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06 Local People’s Perception on Grimsby Local Voices

07 Regenerated The City

36 37

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Green Network Corridors and Heritage trail

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Heritage Family Trail

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The Quality of Place: Victoria Mills and the Kasbah & Housing Delivery Programme

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The Case Study of Green Space Malmo

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08 Final Presentation Term 02

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Final(panels) Presentation Term 02

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Video Final Presentation Term 02

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Conclusion

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GRIMSBY

LOCAL ECONOMY & DEVELOPMENT PLAN // GRIMSBY

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LOCAL ECONOMY, GRIMSBY, NORTH EAST LINCOLNSHIRE More than one in ten people live in coastal communities, reflecting the UK’s maritime tradition and the historic importance of its ports to the economy.

Many of these communities developed around traditional industries such as fishing, manufacturing and shipping, which have declined in the face of profound global market changes in recent decades. Many coastal communities are dealing with entrenched social and economic challenges such as higher than average levels of unemployment, low wages and insecure or seasonal working patterns. (http:// www.green-alliance.org.uk/resources/Growing_the_UKs_ coastal_economy.pdf) Grimsby is one of coastal community in the UK, the city used to be a village, grew into a port because it stands on a river called the Haven, which flowed into the Humber.

There were rich fishing grounds in the North Sea and The Humber was full of fish. Grimsby was bound to become a fishing port and developed into a busy little port in 19th century.

After Cod War, British fishing communities lost access to rich areas and were devastated, with thousands of jobs lost, fishing communities continue to lose jobs and revenue, as fishing rights accumulate in the hands of a few unaccountable companies. Many coastal areas find it hard to retain young people, as they lack the appropriate physical and digital connectivity.

Without the necessary support, communities and businesses are struggling to make the most of the coast’s abundant potential for improving themselves. Today, there are fewer than 450 fishermen working out of Grimsby.

North East Lincolnshire’s local economy has been decreasing in the last century. The main sectors of the Grimsby economy are ports and logistics also and food processing, specifically frozen foods and fish processing, not an im-export anymore. Others resources of main income are chemicals, process industries and digital media, the tourist industry, and large-scale industrial activity. At the same time, young generation are moving out for the better opportunity, the rate of empty homes is increasing as well as the number of unemployment of Grimsby’s population. Currently, North East Lincolnshire has been released the development plans to boost the economic income of Grimsby, to support the town in other aspects rather than fish processing only such as Grimsby & Cleethorpes Investment Plan, Central Grimsby Conservation Area and Town Centre Masterplan.

This project questions to itself “how to support local people and the community” in many aspects especially in terms of housing and tourism, creating jobs and opportunities to retain young generation and local people.

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01 Grimsby’s Local Economy WEEKEND IN GRIMSBY Photo by Zoe

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Timeline History of Grimsby, North East Lincolnshire Grimsby, also known as Great Grimsby, is a large town and seaport in North East Lincolnshire, England, on the South Bank of the Humber Estuary close to where it reaches the North Sea. It is the administrative centre of North East Lincolnshire.

Grimsby developed as a major seaport on the east coast of England, hosting the largest fishing fleet in the world by the mid-20th century. The fishing industry declined dramatically after the Cod Wars. Since then the town has battled with post-industrial decline. Since the 1990s the local council has encouraged food manufacturing.

The Grimsby–Cleethorpes conurbation acts as the cultural, shopping and industrial centre for a large area of northern and eastern Lincolnshire and The east Cleethorpes has been developed into a tourist industry.

In the 1920s Grimsby had become the largest and most prosperous fishing port in the world. Enormous quantities of cod, haddock, and herring were processed in smokehouses which were fuelled by the many timber yards on Grimsby Commercial Docks. Indeed Grimsby became known as the ‘Home of the Haddock’. The development of the Icelandic fisheries also became very important to the town.

In the 20th century industries in Grimsby included fishing and food processing. In the late 20th century there was also light engineering, chemicals, and plastics. Abbeygate Shopping Centre was built in 1984. Freshney Shopping Centre opened in 1989. The National Fishing Heritage Centre opened in 1991. Today the population of Grimsby is over 91,000.

Population

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Local Economy Grimsby 2011-Now

TIMELINE OF HISTORY, GRIMSBY diagram by Ploy

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Local Economy Grimsby, North East Lincolnshire 2011-now Today, Grimsby is a very different place. Along the dockside, the industry is a shadow of its former self. Shuttered-up shops and derelict buildings line the streets around the expansive dock area that stretches for acres. The town centre, though busy, is shabby and in need of investment.

Unemployment is falling but remains higher than the national average in this predominantly working-class area.

For many reasons, Grimsby symbolizes the failure of the EU project. (https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2018/ jan/23/battle-grimsby-great-again) Many blame the EU’s Common Fisheries Policy for the decline of the fishing industry. In particular, the introduction of EU fish quotas in 1983(The Cod Wars) which were designed to tackle the problem of over-fishing, but curtailed the right of British trawlers to fish in British waters and allowed other fishing boats to fish in British seas.

The Cod Wars were a series of confrontations between the United Kingdom and Iceland on fishing rights in the North Atlantic. The Third Cod War concluded in 1976 with a highly-favorable agreement for Iceland, as the United Kingdom conceded to a 370 kilometer Icelandic exclusive fishery zone after threats that Iceland would withdraw from NATO, which would have forfeited NATO’s access to most of the GIUK gap, a critical anti-submarine warfare chokepoint during the Cold War. As a result, British fishing communities lost access to rich areas and were devastated, with thousands of jobs lost.

Grimsby’s problems in 2018 are manifold: skills shortages, long-term jobless families, deprivation, drugs, homelessness, empty homes, fly-tipping, children in care.

The government’s indices of deprivation in 2015 ranked East Marsh as the fourth worst place in the UK for employment, the second for crime and the worst for education, skills and training.

THE ENVIRONMENT OF CITY, GRIMSBY photo by Zoe UNEMPLOYMENT MAP, ENGLAND map by Ploy

High

High

High

Low

Low

Low

Median house price for all dwellings, England and Wales map by MSOA

Empty Properties in 2015, England map by Ploy

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Communal Establishment population, England and Wales map by local authority district

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High

Grimsby

Low England Property Values

The views of Grimsby These maps show data of house prices, empty properties, population and unemployment in Grimsby, North East Lincolnshire that is among the worst-placed areas in England to weather economic storms, according to research commissioned by the BBC. The Experian study ranks the 324 English council areas in terms of their resilience to future economic shocks. North East Lincolnshire comes 312th.

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Grimsbytelegraph Grimsby Local Media(News) “This community was solely built around an industry that doesn’t exist anymore,” says Stephen Ryder, managing director of charity Community Press Office (CPO), which specialises in up-skilling residents and giving extensive help to families in crisis. “I grew up in York in the 1980s, and spent a lot of time in Leeds and Sheffield and places like that, and they were run down. You go there now, and they have been transformed. There has been regeneration money here in the last 20 years, but you can’t see anything.”

In Grimsby’s 1890s, the city was on the way to becoming the biggest fishing port in the world. In the mid 20thcentury, trawlers were bringing in 500 tonnes of fish a day.

Today, Grimsby still has a thriving indoor market (paid for by the EU and the Enrolled Freemen of Grimsby, an organisation that dates back to the 13th century).

After a long decline, the fishing industry died in the mid 1980s, its owners selling their trawlers to companies in Aberdeen or Japan. Grimsby is the Humber city that never was. (https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2018/jan/23/ battle-grimsby-great-again)

GRIMSBY’S PROPERTIES NEWS

by Luara Gooderham GRIMSBY’S ECONOMY NEWS

by Patrick Daly GRIMSBY’S PROPERTIES NEWS

by Rick Byrne

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Seaside Resort on the East Coast Council of Grimsby North East Lincolnshire Council has approved plans for a major regeneration of the town. They will now submit the proposal to the central government in a bid for funding. Not only the regeneration planning for the local economy in terms of improving business and commercial area but also the tourism plan that improves the city environment in a long term.

North East Lincolnshire Council hopes to bring 5,400 jobs, 7,700 new homes and boost our local economy by more than £216 million and has been developed in collaboration with some of the country’s most powerful figures.

THE PROPERSAL OF DEVELOPMENT PLAN NEWS

by Rick Byrne

THE PROPERSAL OF DEVELOPMENT PLAN NEWS

by Hannah Corken

NEW SEASIDE RESORT NEWS

by Connor Lynch

GRIMSBY’S TOURISM PLAN NEWS

by Liam

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02 The Effect of Tourism on Property Values, Grimsby CITY CENTRE GRIMSBY Photo by Ploy

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Grimsby Economic Income, North East Lincolnshire The main sectors of the Grimsby economy are ports and logistics; and food processing, specifically frozen foods and fish processing, chemicals and process industries and digital media. To the east Cleethorpes has a tourist industry, and to the west, along the Humber bank to Immingham, is large-scale industrial activity, established from the 1950s onwards, focused on chemicals, and more recently (1990s) gas power electrical generation.

Renewable Energy 21.7%

Ports&Logistics 36.3%

Visitor Economy 10.4% Chemicals&Process

Food Processing

Industies 17.9%

13.7%

Low - Tourism Carrying Capacity

Immingham

Population : 88,243 Average Income Annual Pay : £17,833 Average House Price : £119,590 Percentage of Unemployment : 10.4%

High

West Marsh

Freshney

East Marsh Sidney Sussex

Yarborough Heneage South

Croft Baker

Park Haverstoe

Scartho

Low Empty Property Grimsby

Humberston & New Waltham

Wolds

Development Plans Industrial Area Hotel & Airbnb Tourist Attraction House Price - £57,000

L H

Waltham

House Price - £183,000

£250,000

£200,000

£150,000

£100,000

Yarborough - £99,000

Wolds - £167,000

East Marsh - £51,000

Waltham - £178,000

South - £81,000

Sidney Sussex - £89,000

Scartho - £151,000

Park - £130,000

Immingham - £118,000

Humberston - £158,000

Heneage - £105,000

Haverstoe - £183,000

Freshney - £129,000

West Marsh - £57,000

Croft Baker - £115,000

£50,000

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The Effect of Tourism on Property Values, Grimsby In case of Grimsby, the properties in a radius of industrial area are more abandoned than the tourism area(Cleethorpes seaside resort). At the same time, the housing prices in Haverstoe and Humberston & New Waltham next to the beach is increasing slightly every year.

The effect of tourism on property values. The first mechanism is how tourism-related amenities can be “quantified” and developed into one of the variables that affect directly and indirectly house price formation in tourism destinations. For example, London. Second, the growing literature on holiday homes or second addresses and examine how demand for this type of accommodation in tourism destinations can affect the functioning of local housing markets, such as St Ives, Cornwall.

The Interview of Sale Manager of Crofts Estate Agents, Grimsby The interview with the manager of Crofts Estate Agents, Cleethorpes. I was talking with Laura, she is working as an agency in Cleethorpes for almost 8 years. She said “the price of our property depends on many factors, for example, bedroom’s size, bathroom, the size of the house, to rent or to buy and the location. The highest average price that we have right now is next to the beach at the seaside resort, the price is roughly £200,000. Recently the number of property that we sell monthly is getting lower because of the city’s economy, many people are moving out.”

Industrial Area Tourism Area

Residential Area

EMPTY PROPERTIES AND LANDUSE, GRIMSBY map by Ploy LANDUSE, GRIMSBY map by Ploy CROFT ESTATE AGENTS, GRIMSBY photo by Ploy

Coastal Community

The Effect of Tourism The UK Scale

affect Tourism Tourism real estate is characterized by the development of large-scale tourism resources along with residential properties, under the assumption that they would increase property value.

L

H

Tourists

or House Prices the amount of tourists directly affect house prices

L

H

Second Homes for example, St Ives, Wales, Lake District

House Prices

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Holiday Second Houses

Low Pay Job

Low Pay Tourism Employment

Unemployment

Unemployment

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03 The Effect of Tourism on Property Values, England SEASIDE RESORT NEIGHBORHOOD CLEETHROPES Photo by Ploy

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The Effect of Tourism on Property Values, England From the map of Grimsby that shows the effects of tourism on property values. The properties which are surrounded by an industrial area, such as West Marsh and East Marsh, shows the lower number of house prices.

On the other hand, the neighbors around Cleethorpes, the seaside resort, such as Haverstoe shows the high prices of both housing and other properties.

It was the same case in the UK for example, Lake district or St.Ives St Ives are facing the gradual decline of its community as local people are priced out of the property market by outsiders buying up second homes, the tourism jobs are also facing the issue of low paid jobs, especially in a high season.

Lake District

Tourist

LOW

HIGH

House Price

Tourism Job

Low Pay Job

Holiday Second Houses

Wales

House Price - ÂŁ111,208

L H

House Price - ÂŁ1,203,181

Holiday Second Houses

London

The Number of Tourist in 2016 0.8% (Coastal) Tourism Employment 55% (Coastal) Tourism Employment Low-Seasonal Low Pay Employment High-Seasonal Low Pay Employment

Second Homes, England

St.Ives

St.Ives, London, Lake district, Wales are the case studies of the tourism effect on second homes or holiday homes.

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es

Case Study of Second Homes St.Ives ST. IVES

St Ives - Economic Income 4.9% Fishing and Agriculture

The town of St Ives grew out of its relationship with the sea and traditional Cornish industries such as fishing and mining.

22.1% Industry

Outsiders are snapping up the pretty cottages, once inhabited by fishermen and artists, as second homes or to be used as holiday lets.

73% Tourism

St Ives is facing the gradual decline of its community as local people are priced out of the property market by outsiders buying up second homes.

In another generation St Ives will only be open for the summer because the local population will be living somewhere else.

Fishing communities are collapsed because they have no local people working as a fisherman, they are moving out to other cities.

ST.IVES VIEW & AIRBNB MAP

by Matthew

Local

Move Out

Outsider

Move In

St Ives - Airbnb/Second Homes St Ives Area Neighbourhood Development Plan

Population of St Ives

In 2016, 83% of resident of St Ives voted in a referendum to approve a neighbourhood plan.

“Full-Time Principal Residence Housing”.

ST.IVES AIRBNB MAP map by Ploy

According to the plan, in 2011 25% of residential properties in St Ives were second homes, an increase of almost 70% from 2001.

In order to meet the housing needs of local people, bring greater balance and mixture to the local housing market and create new opportunities for people to live and work here.

THE FIGURE OF ST.IVES POPULATION by http://stives100yearsago.blogspot.com/ THE EFFECT OF TOURISM MAP map by Ploy

The Growth of Housing Stock was Double

25% of residential properties were classed as second homes in 2011, 67% increase from 2001.

LONDON’S HOUSING CRISIS NEWS

by David Churchill

UK SECOND HOMES NEWS

by Anthony Reuben

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ST.IVES NEIGHBORHOOD PLAN NEWS

by Matt Cardy

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04 Local Authority: North East Lincolnshire Council CITY CRNTRE GRIMSBY Photo by Ploy

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North East Lincolnshire Council, Grimsby The development projects designed to bring up to 14,000 new jobs in Grimsby and North East Lincolnshire - but how likely are they?

In order to improve local economy of Grimsby town, North East Lincolnshire* puts multi-million pound plans to the public, the plans have been announced to transform the image of Grimsby. Key aims over the next 10 years are, to create 5,400 jobs, build 7,700 new homes, to bring a University to Grimsby and develop key historic sites such as Victoria Mills and the kasbah at the port of Grimsby. *North East Lincolnshire is a unitary authority area in the ceremonial county of Lincolnshire in England. It borders the unitary authority of North Lincolnshire and the nonmetropolitan county of Lincolnshire, the three areas making up the ceremonial county. The population of the Unitary Authority at the 2011 Census was 159,616.

North East Lincolnshire is part of the Yorkshire and the Humber region.(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_East_ Lincolnshire) “This is our chance to really drive an exciting way forward to put the ‘Great’ back in Grimsby. Let’s grasp it and let’s help deliver it.” Council leader Ray Oxby Said.

The aims of the Greater Grimsby project over the next 10 years are clear: • To grow the local economy by than £216-million per year • Create up to 5,400 jobs across the Enterprise Zones and other key employment sites • Build 7,700 new homes

• Increase North East Lincolnshire’s contribution to UK plc • Transform the ‘place offer’ through the development of a new higher education presence, waterfront housing, cultural and leisure facilities through the redevelopment of historic sites including the Silo at Victoria Mills and the Kasbah at the Port of Grimsby. (https://www.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk/news/grimsbynews/plans-approved-ambitious-multi-million-258809)

North East Linclonshire Council Location

GRIMSBY MAP map by Ploy

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North East Lincolnshire Council Development and Growth Board Structure

Humber LEP

DEVELOPMENT & GROWTH BOARD Strategic leadership & decision making

Health & Wellbeing Board

Ports & Logistics

Food Manufacturing

Enegy & Renewable

Chemicals

Housing & Development

Visitor Economy Services & Retail

Employment & Skills

cross cutting groups

key factor groups

Greater Lincoinshire LEP

Development Plans

Small & Medium Enterprise (SME) Business Support

Waterside

Gateway Entrance High Street Minster Quarter

Station Quarter

Civic Quarter

Heritage Action Zone Conservation Area Grimsby

Development Project and Sites: Cleethorpes

Grimsby has been chosen as one of the country’s latest Heritage Action Zones. The scheme will be run by North East Lincolnshire Council and Historic England, with support from Associated British Ports. Over five years it will bring neglected buildings back into use for employment, and help stimulate a revival of the town’s economy. (https://www. nelincs.gov.uk/grimsby-awarded-heritage-action-zonestatus-revive-historic-docks-town-centre/)

The projects described in this Investment Plan build on the recommendations in this document and reflect the current situation and opportunities. High Street will be recognised as the main approach into Cleethorpes, an attractive, bustling street with a range of retail, food and drink outlets. The redevelopment to the rear of the Hotel and the main station site redevelopment will contribute to the sense of arrival and quality of visitor experience.The public realm will be pedestrian friendly, uncluttered and of high quality. (https:// www.nelincs.gov.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/3881Investment-Plan-Screen-Res-1.pdf)

Spatial Framework Grimsby

SHIIP (South Humber Industrial Investment Programme)

The 2009 masterplan establishes a spatial plan for a number of development projects and prioritises their phasing and delivery. This Investment Plan builds upon and is consistent with these proposals. Together the projects will create a well-connected urban fabric that retains and strengthens Grimsby’s unique characteristics, optimises the development potential of the town centre sites, ensures ease of access and creates an attractive and safe pedestrian environment. (https://www.nelincs.gov.uk/wp-content/ uploads/2016/03/3881-Investment-Plan-Screen-Res-1.pdf)

The South Humber Industrial Programme (SHIIP) is a huge £42m project the council believes will generate thousands of local jobs, link up our ports and protect the local environment.

To help trigger the ambitious project, the council has committed £23.6 million of investment. The SHIIP programme is a five year plan which hopes to produce tangible results in business and jobs by the early 2020s. (https://www.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk/news/three-projectsdesigned-bring-up-1255774)

DEVELOPMENT PLANNINGS 1-4 BASED ON GOOGLE EARTH map by Ploy

The Interview with Lauren Little Investment Support Officer, North East Lincolnshire Council

NORTH EAST LINCOLNSHIRE OFFICE

by Adam

NORTH EAST LINCOLNSHIRE OFFICE

by Adam

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We had an interview with Lauren Little and her assistant.

Lauren is working with North East Lincolnshire Council for two and a half year. “I just graduated from 2015 and come back to Grimsby because of it like awarding job, working for community and people in my city. I was born and lived in Grimsby until high school and come back after my master degree. In our project, we have many research and study of the community in terms of economic development. We work as a team, contact with different fields and connected them together in order to produce the development plan. For example, Grimsby & Cleethorpes Investment Plan, we have a growth board, which is 6 main sectors of Grimsby’s economy like food, energy, and ports. Each sector has a meeting with local people and themselves, after this process, every sector have combined the data together before release the development plan.”

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Waterside

Gateway Entrance High Street Minster Quarter

Heritage Action Zone Conservation Area Grimsby

Station Quarter

Civic Quarter

Spatial Framework Grimsby

Heritage Action Zones Grimsby, North East Lincolnshire

Grimsby awarded Heritage Action Zone status to revive its historic docks and town centre • The Heritage Action Zone will give historic dock buildings, former smokehouses, factories and shops a new lease of life, creating jobs and stimulating appreciation of Grimsby’s heritage • The five-year scheme is a key ingredient of the Greater Grimsby Town Deal intended to revive the town’s economy • Images are available to download from this image gallery.

Grimsby has been chosen as one of the country’s latest Heritage Action Zones. The scheme will be run by North East Lincolnshire Council and Historic England, with support from Associated British Ports. Over five years it will bring neglected buildings back into use for employment, and help stimulate a revival of the town’s economy.

Development Project and Cleethorpes

Sites:

SHIIP

(South Humber Industrial Investment Programme)

Heritage Action Zones aim to unleash the power in England’s historic environment to create economic growth and improve quality of life in villages, towns and cities.

Working with local people and partners, Historic England will help to breathe new life into old places that are rich in heritage and full of promise – unlocking their potential and making them more attractive to residents, businesses, tourists and investors.

The ‘Greater Grimsby Heritage Action Zone’ is being led by North East Lincolnshire Council. Working with Associated British Ports it will unlock a transformation of the Kasbah, where the designation of a new Conservation Area has recently recognised the importance of historic smokehouses and other buildings associated with the fishing industry. The programme also aims to reconnect the town centre with the port by promoting re-use of historic buildings along Alexandra Dock. These include Victoria Mills, where North East Lincolnshire Council spent more than £2-million on urgent repairs including grantaid from Historic England. The building is now in public ownership and is set to make its own contribution to regeneration plans.

The success of Grimsby’s bid is a tribute to the vision and commitment of North East Lincolnshire Council and Associated British Ports. It will be a privilege to continue working with them and other local partners over the next five years, and play our part in putting the Town Deal into action. The Greater Grimsby Heritage Action Zone will enable Grimsby not only to celebrate its past, but also to look to the future with confidence.” (https://www.nelincs. gov.uk/grimsby-awarded-heritage-action-zone-statusrevive-historic-docks-town-centre/)

DEVELOPMENT PLANNINGS 1-4 BASED ON GOOGLE EARTH map by Ploy KASBAH, GRIMSBY Photo by https://www.nelincs.gov.uk/ HERITAGE ACTION ZONES SITE SELECTION map by Ploy HERITAGE & ABANDONED PROPERTIES MAP map by Ploy

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Grimsby Heritage Action Zone Historic Docks and Town Centre The Examples HERITAGE & ABANDONED PROPERTIES The Grimsby Ice Factory 3 km

Former Heavy Anti-Aircraft Gun Site 3 km

Stockton and Darlington Railway

Bishop Auckland Dewsbury Living Market Town Great Grimsby Rochdale Town Centre

Grimsby College of Art and Design

Stoke-on-Trent Ceramic Quarter

3 km

Closest Facilities (Accessibility)

North Lowestoft Heritage Quarter

Train Staiton Bus Staiton

Walworth, London

Chapman’s Pond Cleethorpes Lake 3 km

Sites Selected

Tourist Attractions Petrol Stations Hospitals Factories Brownfield and Abandoned properties Heritage properties

Land off, Pelham Road, Cleethorpes 3 km

Land west of Cartergate, Grimsby 3 km

3

9 8

1 10 7

6

4

GRIMSBY & CLEETHORPES Brownfield and Abandoned properties Heritage properties 1. The Grimsby Ice Factory 5

2. Church of Saint Margaret 3. Former Heavy Anti-Aircraft Gun Site 4. Civil War earthwork fort 5. Premonstratensian priory chapel 2

6. Central Sea Front, Cleethorpes 7. Holme Hill 8. Victoria Mill 9. Grimsby Haven Lock and Dock Wall 10.Grimsby College of Art and Design

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05 The Organisations who Support Heritage Property, England OLD ICE FACTORY GRIMSBY Photo by Zoe

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The Organisations who Support Heritage Property, England The most effective way to conserve the heritage is designation. Designation offers a legal framework for the protection of historic buildings and sites at a local, national and international level.

1. Historic England Historic Buildings and Monuments Commission for England “Nearly 400,000 of the most important historic places in England are listed. The List includes buildings, battlefields, monuments, parks, gardens, shipwrecks and more. Listing makes sure their value is protected.� (https://historicengland.org.uk/about/what-we-do/ historic-englands-role/) Historic England is an executive non-departmental public body of the British Government sponsored by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport. It is tasked with protecting the historical environment of England by preserving and listing historic buildings, ancient monuments and advising central and local government. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historic_England) How They Are Funded?

The Historic Buildings and Monuments Commission for England (HBMCE) was established by the National Heritage Act 1983 and until 31 March 2015 was known as English Heritage.

The English Heritage Trust that looks after the National Heritage Collection consisting of 400 historic sites, such as Stonehenge and Dover Castle. In the past, they were funded by a mixture of grant-in-aid (GIA) from the government and commercial income (memberships, admissions and retail etc) from running the National Heritage Collection.

From 1 April 2015 the English Heritage Trust took over the day to day running of the National Heritage Collection, and Historic England no longer derived any income from this source. (https://historicengland.org.uk/about/who-weare/how-we-are-funded/)

HERITAGE LOCATIONS photo by https://www.instagram.com/p/Bg3N_aMgbq/ HERITAGE BUILDING - OLD ICE FACTORY photo by http://www.rodcollins.com/

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Case Study 01 Save Former Textile Mills Historic England launches campaign to save former textile mills Heritage group condemns destruction of historic mills and calls for buildings to be turned into housing, offices and public amenities, condemned the destruction of the buildings and called for the surviving mills to be restored and turned into housing, offices or public amenities.

“With their ability to accommodate wonderful homes, workplaces and cultural spaces, our historic mill buildings deserve a future and should not be destroyed. (https:// www.theguardian.com/culture/2017/nov/20/historicengland-launches-campaign-save-former-textile-mills)

Pendle Village Mill Lancashire

Pendle Village Mill in Lancashire has been converted into a shopping emporium.

Holmes Mill in Clitheroe Lancashire

About 45% of the region’s 971 mills have been destroyed since the 1980s, a study by the University of Salford found, while hundreds more stand empty and neglected.

Holmes Mill in Clitheroe, Lancashire, has been converted into a brewery, restaurant, hotel and leisure venue.

Holmes Mill Greenacre Street

Save Former Textile Mills Report

by The Historic England Archive/PA

Holmes Mill Greenacre Street has been Converted into restaurant

Case Study 02 A Canterbury Trail: Exploring the City’s Medieval Streets on Foot Canterbury is Kent’s best known visitor destination, attracting over 7 million visitors a year from the UK and internationally. Canterbury is first and foremost a historic city; visitors come to see its heritage and to enjoy spending time in its historic setting. One of the two railway stations, Canterbury West, is no further to the west than the other one, Canterbury East.

Canterbury West is situated right at the north of the town, while Canterbury East is right at the south. Once inside the old walls, middle England does its best to assert stability in the Kent peninsula, but don’t be taken in; this is the eternal capital of medieval murder mystery.

The Old Buttermarket

The Great Stour River

Destination Management Plan(DMP), Kent The Value of Heritage to the Local Economy explored how the Canterbury BID benefits the heritage city.

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2. Creative Foundation Quarterhouse, Mill Bay, Folkestone The Creative Foundation is an independent visionary arts charity dedicated to enabling the regeneration of Folkestone through creative activity. Working with the people of Folkestone, partners and other stakeholders we are transforming the town making it a better place to live, work, visit and study.

The foundation has developed and look after five key projects and a range of other events and activities that are embedded in the creative transformation of Folkestone, in terms of our contribution to the townscape, the work and visitor economies, through providing opportunities and enabling arts activities and our involvement in local education initiatives, health provision and community development. (http://www.creativefoundation.org.uk/) 15 YEARS OF FOLKSTONE CREATIVITY photo by Thierry Bal

Case Study 01 Crimesome Stories on Foxton’s Cottage Installation Cartoon Shell One of RDHCT’s most noteworthy projects is its support for the regeneration of Folkestone’s old town area, now firmly established as the town’s “Creative Quarter”. Nearly ninety buildings, many of which had been seriously neglected for many decades, have been acquired and refurbished to a high standard. They are then assigned on 125 year peppercorn leases to the independent charity “Creative Foundation”, who manage the properties and rent spaces to artists and others working in a board range of creative industries. (http://www.rdhct.org.uk/projects/the-creativequarter/)

Arts and Culture, Community, Heritage & Regeneration

Folkestone Academy’s sixth from centre, located in The Glassworks.

15 YEARS OF FOLKSTONE CREATIVITY photo by Thierry Bal

Case Study 02 Folkestone’s Creative Quarter

Folkestone’s Creative Quarter

Respecting the area’s heritage, the Creative Foundation have preserved the shop fronts of the historical buildings that make up the Creative Quarter, while giving them a new lease of life by opening them up for different businesses, practices, events and activities. The Creative Quarter is also home to more contemporary architecture, such as Folkestone Quarterhouse – a modern venue with a regular programme of theatre, comedy, music and festivals, including Folkestone Book Festival, Normal? Festival of the Brain, and SALT Festival of the Sea and Environment.

15 YEARS OF FOLKSTONE CREATIVITY photo by Thierry Bal

Other Case Studies

The Old High Street, Folkestone

Ramsgate harbour

Folkestone’s Creative Quarter is home to hundreds of creatives who contribute to and support the creative community.

Folkestone Harbour Arm

The Wedge, Tontine Street, Folkestone

Bluecoat Gallery Wing, Liverpool

FOLKSTONE’S CREATIVE QUARTER by http://www.creativequarterfolkestone.org.uk/about-the-quarter/

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2. The Heritage Lottery Fund (HLF), National Lottery funding The Heritage Lottery Fund (HLF) distributes a share of National Lottery funding, supporting a wide range of heritage projects across the United Kingdom.

Since it was set up in 1994, under the National Lottery Act, it has awarded over £7.1billion to more than 40,000 projects, large and small, helping people across the UK explore, enjoy and protect their heritage.(https://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Heritage_Lottery_Fund) HLF supports all kinds of projects, as long as they make a lasting difference for heritage, people and communities.

These vary from restoring natural landscapes to rescuing neglected buildings, from recording diverse community histories to providing life-changing skills training.

By investing in ‘problem buildings’, which may have been vacant or even derelict for some time, Heritage Enterprise funding can reverse the decline of not only a single building, but a whole area. HLF is awarding up to £5m for partnerships between private businesses and not-for-profit groups to fund the vital repairs needed to convert these derelict buildings into new, usable commercial spaces – creating new jobs, new opportunities, new businesses, and economic growth in the places that need it most. (https:// www.hlf.org.uk/about-us/)

Historic Landmark Trust is RIBA Stirling Prize winner Astley Castle, Nuneaton, Warwickshire.

HISTORIC LANDMARK TRUST photo by https://www.instagram.com/p/Bg3N_aMgbq/

Case Study 01 Ashton Old Baths, Tameside, Greater Manchester

Arts and Culture, Community, Heritage & Regeneration

Ashton’s will soon reopen as a digital business centre, the housed has created over 6,500 square feet of commercial space, creating homes for a range of digital, creative and media businesses - bringing enterprise, innovation and much-needed growth to Ashton.

Ashton’s neglected but much-loved baths have been revitalised and reenergised, and will soon reopen as a digital business centre.

Case Study 02 The Bishop’s Gate Hotel, Northern Ireland

ASHTON OLD BATHS photo by https://www.hemingwaydesign.co.uk/

Derry/Londonderry’s historic Northern Counties building will reopen today as The Bishop’s Gate Hotel following a £784,000 HLF grant. The Northern Counties, which has sat vacant and derelict since 2006, has been brought back to life. Today’s official opening in the heart of the historic walled city, marks both a major milestone both for the regeneration of Derry/Londonderry and the Heritage Enterprise scheme.

Heritage Enterprise is designed to help when the cost of restoring a historic building is so high that additional support is needed to make the project economically viable. In this case, HLF’s investment has ensured that vital repairs and conservation work to the 18th-century building can take place, enabling experienced businesses to move in and occupy the newly created commercial spaces. (https://www.hlf.org.uk/about-us/news-features/historichotel-first-heritage-enterprise-venue-be-open-business)

The Bishop’s Gate Hotel, Northern Ireland

Folkestone Academy’s sixth from centre, located in The Glassworks.

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06 Local People’s Perception on Grimsby KIOSK ON SEASIDE RESORT CLEETHORPES Photo by Ploy

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“I was born in Grimsby, I live here for my whole life. My husband work in the factory close to Immingham, he drives from the city to his office everyday. Many people who live in the city centre, they work outside the city because of the office location.”

“I work as a reception in Associated British Ports or ABP. We don’t allow people or outsider in the Old Ice Factory as well as Kasbah, the student or people who want to visit the private property need to ask for the permission letter.”

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“I work as a mechanic in Grimsby. Normally we have to check the theme park at the seaside resort, Cleethorpes every week. It is closed on the weekday because on one is coming but there are many tourists during the weekend.”

“I live here for 40 years, my son moved to London, we drive to London to see my son every 4 months. When we drive to London we have to be careful of traffic detector on the street light. It is the same as the pollution detector in Immingham, the pollution in the UK is quite low because of the detector, that is why the pollution around the UK coastal is below the average.”

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07 REGENERATED THE CITY WEEKEND IN GRIMSBY Photo by Ploy

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IMPROVING LOCAL ECONOMY REGENERATED PLAN, GRIMSBY The masterplans introduce the schematics of regeneration planning in order to regenerate the city in terms of tourism and property values, running from large-scale activities that promote economic growth to neighborhood interventions that also improve the quality of life. Encouraging private sector investment in the development and redevelopment of the project area. With 3 schematic plans that adopt the logic and the mechanism from different case studies, merging with the existing and cultural activities in Grimsby.

1. Green Network Corridors and Heritage Family trail The Great Grimsby is lack of leisure and cultural attractions, there is a lack of leisure and cultural attractions in the town centre with possibilities for the provision of commercial health and fitness, an expanded hotel market and greater green open space. Cultural attractions such as spaces for events, museums and galleries are also limited and our consultation has revealed that this is considered a major weakness that many residents would like to see addressed.

+ Case Study of Canterbury Trail: Exploring the City’s Medieval Streets on Foot

“Cultural activities are few and far between” (Local resident)* * GRIMSBY TOWN CENTRE MASTERPLAN Final - 20th October 2009

+ Case Study of Grimsby & Cleethropes Town Centre Investment Plan

Heritage trails are walking trails and driving routes in urban and rural settings that are identified in most cases by signage and guidebooks as relating to cultural heritage, in public space. The nature of the trail can be seen to be beneficial for community development, community participation, for discovering community heritage, and for involvement by community in developing the trails.

The Local Plan is a plan for growth and aims to ensure that North East Lincolnshire becomes a sustainable location in which people can live, work, and enjoy their recreation, both now and in the future. It sets out the Council’s strategy for development, including why, where and how the Borough will grow up to 2032.

EXPLORING THE CITY’S MEDIEVAL STREETS ON FOOT report by Alan Franks GRIMSBY KEY DIAGRAM by https://www.nelincs.gov.uk/wp-content/ GREEN NETWORK AND HERITAGE TRAIL map by Ploy

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Housing Development Tourist Attraction Indutrial Area Residential Area Purpose Green Corridor North East Lincolnshire Council Consultation Draft Local Plan Green Area & Open Space Map 1 - Heritage Buildings - Housing Map 2 - Heritage Attraction Map 3 - Heritage Building - Commercial Proposed Area in which larger green areas Map 1 - Proposed green corridors Map 2 - Proposed Heritage Trial Map 2 - Heritage Street Property Map 1 - Strategic Green Infrastructure Corridors North East Lincolnshire Council Consultation Draft Local Plan

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1. Heritage Family Trail North East Lincolnshire, located on the Humber, along the coastline of North East Lincolnshire, there are Grimsby, a port town famous for its maritime heritage, boasts the largest shopping centre in Lincolnshire and a home of the offshore wind industry – at the heart of the UK’s Energy Estuary. Cleethorpes, a coastal resort with 4 miles of superb sandy beach, vibrant evening economy, traditional amusements and leisure activities and Immingham, combined with Grimsby, is part of the UK’s busiest Port complex and has historic connections to the pilgrim fathers.

With all the important areas of North East Lincolnshire coastline, there are many possibilities to develop and to push the natural area as a protected area of importance for wildlife, flora, fauna or features of geological or other special interest as well as sustain the tourism aspect.

+ Case Study of Grimsby & Cleethropes Town Centre Investment Plan

The South Humber Heritage Trail is split in two sections and can be walked in either direction between Burtonupon-Stather and Winteringham and between Bartonupon-Humber and South Ferriby. There are several car parks along the trail and regular bus services between the villages. Along the trail are seven information panels at Burton-upon-Stather picnic area; Countess Close medieval earthwork at Alkborough; the Humber bank at Whitton; Winteringham Haven; River Ancholme Car Park at South Ferriby; the Old Cement Works at Far Ings; and the Waters’ Edge at Barton-upon-Humber.

Within this pack are leaflets providing information about the South Humber Heritage Trail and each of the five villages along the trail, and details of local walks. As well as the fascinating buildings and historic sites to discover the villages offer a number of establishments to cater for a pleasant refreshment stop.

Explore the Heritage of the South Humber Bank, the abundant wildlife and the heritage and archaeology of the natural landscape along the south bank of the Humber Estuary. This great estuary has been a gateway of vital importance to ancestors. Today the area is a haven for wildlife, with spectacular marsh harriers, ‘booming’ bitterns and bearded tits to be seen and heard.

From the Waters’ Edge, cross the Haven via the footbridge and walk to the Old Boathouse past the boatyard and coastguard cottages. Barton Haven once heaved with sailing barges carrying cargos to and from the extensive works that used to stand on the Waters’ Edge.

THE SOUTH HUMBER HERITAGE TRAIL report by http://www.visitnorthlincolnshire.com

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Heritage Family Trail walk along the heritage in the city

Heritage Natural Trail

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Housing Development Tourist Attraction Indutrial Area Residential Area Map 1 - Heritage Buildings - Housing Map 2 - Heritage Attraction Map 3 - Heritage Building - Commercial

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1. The Quality of Place: Victoria Mills and the Kasbah & Housing Delivery Programme One of the most important factors that affect value is location. Property that are closer to the tourism spot or to the city centre always sell at a higher price. The Council’s Local Plan, expected to be adopted later in 2017 represents a step change in housing delivery over the period to 2032. This ambitious Local Plan caters for the development of over 13,300 new homes . A significant proportion of these homes will be delivered on previously developed or brownfield sites within the urban area surrounding especially the abandoned heritage in the city.

Bringing new life into the Kasbah and heritage properties which is already part of a thriving port that heritage-led regeneration in the Port of Grimsby will be a real engine for growth in local economy and property value.

Victoria Mills Victoria Mills is a landmark Grade II listed building now in Council ownership, on the eastern side of Alexandra Dock.

To date the Council has invested over £2.2m in ensuring that the building is structurally sound, wind and watertight and no longer a danger to the public.

+ Case Study of Grimsby & Cleethropes Town Centre Investment Plan Kasbah The historic Kasbah area in the heart of the Port of Grimsby provides a fine grained network of streets and buildings between the Royal Dock and Fish Dock, and remains home to a number of artisan fish processing businesses.

Owned by ABP, a number of buildings would benefit from sympathetic restoration and re-use.

GREATER GRIMSBY TOWN DEAL PROSPECTUS 2018-2028 photo by https://www.nelincs.gov.uk/wp-content/ THE QUALITY OF PLACE MAP map by Ploy

The Case Study of Green Space Malmo and The Effect of Development Plan Malmo is currently in an expansive period with rapid growth and high development pressure. Formulating targets and guidelines for work with green issues and implementing a targeted, long-term and strategic green space plan is important in order to put the planned development in the context of the existing green structure and the desirable future scenario. New legislation is also increasing the pressure on the city to plan a functional green structure and be responsible with its green space.

The effect of development plan in Malmo: a lot Immigration happened because of refugee based to a very large extent, the vibrant expat communities of larger cities and capitals.

In reality, the public perception of it is what counts here and it skews property prices downwards.

Employment, the job market is absolutely nowhere near as good in Malmo as it is in Stockholm. This goes for many other cities in Sweden and not just Malmo and this particular thing seems to even get worse with every year.

GREEN PLAN FOR MALMÖ by http://malmo.se/Gronplan_summary+ENG.pdf/

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08 FINAL PRESENTATION TERM 02 CLEETHOPES SEASIDE RESORT Photo by Zoe

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FINAL(PANELS) PRESENTATION TERM 02 16 MARCH 2018

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VIDEO FINAL PRESENTATION TERM 02 16 MARCH 2018 The video shows the heritage in Grimsby and North East Lincolnshire in different properties such as heritage building, heritage street, heritage landscape or garden.

Also illustrates the regulations and development plans that affect the heritage properties in those areas which leads to the possibilities of heritage trail proposals. It may improve the image of Grimsby city in terms of local economy and tourism aspect.

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CONCLUSION This project is searching for the mechanism of development plans in order to boost the coastal community’s economy in terms of jobs and the quality of life. The city released regeneration plans, hopes to bring new jobs, new homes and boost the local economy by more than £216 million.

I found the relationship between tourism and housing prices, the areas which surrounded by tourist attraction and city centre, the housing price is always higher than other areas. In Grimsby, the neighborhoods which are located around the industrial zone, for example, East Marsh and West Marsh show the lowest price of the property, those areas also contain the highest number of the empty property. At the same time, the area such as Haverstoe; next to Cleethorpes seaside resort shows the highest housing price in Grimsby

At the beginning of the booklet, I mentioned the main sector of economic income of Noth East Lincolnshire, which are ports and logistics, food processing, specifically frozen foods and fish processing, chemicals and process industries and digital media, tourist industry at Cleethorpes, and large-scale industrial activity. Each sector has an opportunity to boost the local economy that supported by regeneration plans and development plans.

I look at the potential of development plans, selected each plan and develop specifically within the site existing.

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LIST OF IMAGES

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1. https://www.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk/news/grimsbynews/grimsby-voted-worst-place-live-70623

1. https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2017/nov/20/ historic-england-launches-campaign-save-former-textilemills#img-1

2. https://www.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk/news/grimsbynews/north-east-lincolnshire-one-worst-847344 3. https://www.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk/news/grimsbynews/rate-empty-homes-north-east-837496 PAGE 15 1. https://www.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk/news/grimsbynews/visitors-grimsby-cleethorpes-hit-record-1101045 2. https://www.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk/news/grimsbynews/lotto-more-funds-boost-resorts-506914 3. https://www.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk/news/grimsbynews/very-impressive-unique-fun-asset-611547 4. https://www.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk/news/grimsbynews/businesses-urged-help-tourism-nel-77265 PAGE 18 1. https://www.economicshelp.org/blog/5568/housing/ uk-house-price-affordability/

2. https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2017/nov/20/ historic-england-launches-campaign-save-former-textilemills#img-2 3. https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2017/nov/20/ historic-england-launches-campaign-save-former-textilemills#img-3 4. https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2017/aug/01/ canterbury-kent-walk-medieval-streets-attractionscathedral 5. https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2017/aug/01/ canterbury-kent-walk-medieval-streets-attractionscathedral#img-4 6. https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2017/aug/01/ canterbury-kent-walk-medieval-streets-attractionscathedral#img-5 PAGE 34 1. http://www.creativefoundation.org.uk/

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2. http://www.rdhct.org.uk/projects/the-creative-quarter/

1. https://www.visitcornwall.com/places/st-ives

3. http://www.creativequarterfolkestone.org.uk/

2. http://ploypalwatwichai.maps.arcgis. com/apps/PublicInformation/index. html?appid=84b769bae9ec42ddac05c93a279120ba/

4.-8. http://content.historicengland.org.uk/content/docs/ local/value-of-heritage-arts-working-together.pdf

3. http://stives100yearsago.blogspot.com/2016/02/ development-of-st-ives.html 4. https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/cofounderof-airbnb-we-arent-fuelling-londons-housing-crisis-we-aresolving-it-a3400496.html 5. https://www.propertywire.com/news/uk/majoritysecond-home-owners-uk-not-live-near-properties/ 6. https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2016/may/06/ st-ives-cornwall-backs-residents-only-home-ownershipplan-referendum PAGE 28 1. https://www.nelincs.gov.uk/grimsby-awarded-heritageaction-zone-status-revive-historic-docks-town-centre/ PAGE 32 1. https://www.instagram.com/p/Bg3N_aMgbq7/?takenby=heritagelotteryfund 2. http://www.rodcollins.com/wordpress/the-decline-ofgrimsby-docks-an-illustrated-history

PAGE 35 1. https://www.instagram.com/p/Bg3N_aMfskw5/?takenby=heritagelotteryfund 2. https://www.hemingwaydesign.co.uk/projects/ashtonold-baths/ 3. https://www.bishopsgatehotelderry.com/ PAGE 40 1. https://www.nelincs.gov.uk/wp-content/ uploads/2016/02/Fig4.1-KeyDiagram.pdf 2. https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2017/aug/01/ canterbury-kent-walk-medieval-streets-attractionscathedral PAGE 42 1.-7. http://www.visitnorthlincolnshire.com/wp-content/ uploads/2015/08/South-Humber-heritage-trail.pdf PAGE 44 1.-2. https://www.nelincs.gov.uk/wp-content/ uploads/2017/07/Greater-Grimsby-Prospectus.pdf 3.-4. http://malmo.se/ download/18.1c002f7b12a6486c372800012092/ Gronplan_summary+ENG.pdf 5. http://usonmiljoteknik.se/turning-torso/

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

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1. http://www.green-alliance.org.uk/resources/Growing_ the_UKs_coastal_economy.pdf

1. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/109416 65.2015.1107602

1. http://www.rdhct.org.uk/projects/the-creative-quarter/

2. http://neweconomics.org/wp-content/ uploads/2017/08/NEF-Blue-New-Deal-AP-HighRes.pdf

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3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grimsby PAGE 10 1. http://www.localhistories.org/grimsby.html 2. http://www.localhistories.org/grimsbytime.html 3. http://www.rodcollins.com/wordpress/the-decline-ofgrimsby-docks-an-illustrated-history 4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grimsby PAGE 12 1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grimsby 2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cod_Wars

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1. https://www.visitcornwall.com/places/st-ives 2. http://ploypalwatwichai.maps.arcgis. com/apps/PublicInformation/index. html?appid=84b769bae9ec42ddac05c93a279120ba/ 3. http://stives100yearsago.blogspot.com/2016/02/ development-of-st-ives.html

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4. https://www.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk/news/drug-drinkproblem-plaguing-grimsby-588036

2. https://www.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk/news/grimsbynews/plans-approved-ambitious-multi-million-258809

5. https://www.shortlist.com/news/is-grimsby-really-theworst-place-in-britain/50826

3. https://www.nelincs.gov.uk/wp-content/ uploads/2016/03/3881-Investment-Plan-Screen-Res-1. pdf

1. https://www.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk/news/grimsbynews/grimsby-voted-worst-place-live-70623 2. https://www.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk/news/grimsbynews/north-east-lincolnshire-one-worst-847344 3. https://www.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk/news/grimsbynews/rate-empty-homes-north-east-837496 4. https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2018/jan/23/ battle-grimsby-great-again PAGE 15 1. https://www.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk/news/grimsbynews/visitors-grimsby-cleethorpes-hit-record-1101045 2. https://www.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk/news/grimsbynews/lotto-more-funds-boost-resorts-506914 3. https://www.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk/news/grimsbynews/very-impressive-unique-fun-asset-611547 4. https://www.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk/news/grimsbynews/businesses-urged-help-tourism-nel-77265

2. https://www.hlf.org.uk/about-us/news-features/ how-long-forgotten-historic-buildings-are-getting-readybusiness 3. https://www.hlf.org.uk/about-us/news-features/ historic-hotel-first-heritage-enterprise-venue-be-openbusiness

4. https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/cofounderof-airbnb-we-arent-fuelling-londons-housing-crisis-we-are- PAGE 40 solving-it-a3400496.html 1. GRIMSBY TOWN CENTRE MASTERPLAN/ Final - 20th 5. https://www.propertywire.com/news/uk/majorityOctober 2009 second-home-owners-uk-not-live-near-properties/ 2. https://www.nelincs.gov.uk/planning-and6. https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2016/may/06/ development/planning-applications/ st-ives-cornwall-backs-residents-only-home-ownershipplan-referendum PAGE 42

3. https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/uk/ grimsby-far-from-eu-ideal-as-locals-fixate-on-cod-warlosses-1.2687964

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1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heritage_Lottery_Fund

1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_East_Lincolnshire

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1.-7. http://www.visitnorthlincolnshire.com/wp-content/ uploads/2015/08/South-Humber-heritage-trail.pdf PAGE 44 1.-2. https://www.nelincs.gov.uk/wp-content/ uploads/2017/07/Greater-Grimsby-Prospectus.pdf 3.-4. http://malmo.se/ download/18.1c002f7b12a6486c372800012092/ Gronplan_summary+ENG.pdf 5. http://usonmiljoteknik.se/turning-torso/

1. https://www.nelincs.gov.uk/grimsby-awarded-heritageaction-zone-status-revive-historic-docks-town-centre/ PAGE 32 1. https://historicengland.org.uk/about/what-we-do/ historic-englands-role/ 2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historic_England 3. https://historicengland.org.uk/about/who-we-are/howwe-are-funded/ PAGE 33 1. https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2017/nov/20/ historic-england-launches-campaign-save-former-textilemills 2. https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2017/aug/01/ canterbury-kent-walk-medieval-streets-attractionscathedral

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