Explore Big Sky - January 11 to 24, 2024

January 11 - 24, 2024 Volume 15 // Issue #1

BIG SKY THRIFT TO DONATE $157K FROM FIRST YEAR REVENUE BIG SKY RESORT ANNOUNCES SIX SHOOTER UPGRADE

MARLENE KENNEDY RETIRES FROM 53-YEAR CAREER NEW DATES, NEW COURSE FOR BIG SKY BIGGIE NEW NONPROFIT SUPPORTS BIG SKY PUBLIC EDUCATORS BIG SKY RUFF DONATES SPAY-NEUTER AND VETERINARY SERVICES

January 11 - 24, 2024 Volume 15, Issue No. 1 Owned and published in Big Sky, Montana

PUBLISHER Eric Ladd | eric@theoutlawpartners.com

EDITORIAL

OPENING SHOT On Jan. 6, Big Sky Resort celebrated its 50th anniversary with a lineup of events including live music, food, acrobatics and a torchlight parade down Ambush.

Dozens of skiers carried a pair of blazing red torches as they carved in unison to a cheering crowd. Fireworks immediately followed. PHOTO BY LEO CORRALES / BIG SKY RESORT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

VP MEDIA Mira Brody | mira@theoutlawpartners.com ASSOCIATE EDITOR Jack Reaney | jack@theoutlawpartners.com DIGITAL PRODUCER Jen Clancey | jen@theoutlawpartners.com EDITORIAL CONSULTANT Leslie Kilgore | leslie@theoutlawpartners.com

CREATIVE LEAD GRAPHIC DESIGNER ME BROWN | maryelizabeth@theoutlawpartners.com

SALES AND OPERATIONS CHIEF MARKETING OFFICER Megan Paulson | megan@theoutlawpartners.com VP DESIGN & PRODUCTION Hiller Higman | hiller@theoutlawpartners.com DIRECTOR OF RELATIONSHIPS Ersin Ozer | ersin@theoutlawpartners.com MARKETING MANAGER Tucker Harris | tucker@theoutlawpartners.com CONTENT MARKETING LEAD Taylor Owens | taylor@theoutlawpartners.com SENIOR ACCOUNTANT Sara Sipe | sara@theoutlawpartners.com BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT LEAD Patrick Mahoney | patrick@theoutlawpartners.com

4 BRIEFS 8 OP NEWS 10 LOCAL 18 REGIONAL 21 A&E 24 DINING 28 BUSINESS 32 ENVIRONMENT 40 HEALTH 43 FUN

CONTRIBUTORS

ON THE COVER:

Julia Barton, Kaley Burns, Leo Corrales, Eric Dietrich, Marne Hayes, Rachel Hergett, Benjamin Alva Polley, Paul Swenson, Robb Wolf

On winter Fridays, curling is the real deal— the Big Sky Curling League is about six years old, founded by Jeff Trulen of the Big Sky Skating and Hockey Association. Now run by the Big Sky Community Organization, the league introduced two six-week seasons for 2024, each with 24 teams and about 100 players. Pictured on the cover on Jan. 5, Caleb Dvorak curls the stone for his team, Brushing and Sweeping Ensemble. PHOTO

BY JACK REANEY

10

Marlene Kennedy retires from 53-year career If you’ve called or visited the Big Sky County Water and Sewer District office since the mid-1990s, there’s a good chance Marlene has helped you out. From billing and water-use notices to permitting and customer service, Marlene Kennedy has been the front face of the Big Sky County Water and Sewer District for 27 years. She retired on Dec. 29 and looks forward to spending more time outdoors.

12 13

Big Sky Thrift to donate $157K from first year revenue In its first 12 months, Big Sky Thrift not only filled a need for affordable secondhand shopping in Big Sky, but also operated at a very low cost through its volunteer-based staff and commercial space donated by Lone Mountain Land Company. As a result, the thrift was able to donate almost all of its revenue to community nonprofits. In its first funding cycle, Big Sky Thrift awarded grants totaling $75,000, and plans to disburse another $82,500 in June 2024.

14

Big Sky RUFF donates spay-neuter and veterinary services Big Sky nonprofit Riley’s Urgent Fund for Friends (RUFF) and its founder, Dr. Sydney Desmarais of Lone Peak Veterinary Hospital, donated a full day to spay-neuter and fully vet as many rescue dogs as possible from Wilsall-based Prairie Song Rescue. On Jan. 3, nine dogs were fully spay-neutered and two more were fully vetted in Big Sky. Prairie Song is currently hoping to find permanent homes for more than 40 dogs.

15

New nonprofit supports Big Sky public educators National data shows that Montana teachers have the lowest starting salary in the nation, and Montana ranks 44th in average overall salary. The Big Sky Public Education Support Fund was created to support Big Sky School District teachers and staff through programs that help offset Big Sky’s high cost of living, with the goal of retaining talented teachers for longer Big Sky careers.

16

New dates, new course for Big Sky Biggie Registration opened on Jan. 9 for the Big Sky Biggie’s sixth year.

New for 2024, the event will be one week earlier in August than usual, and will include a 50-mile race instead of the traditional 60mile race. EBS spoke with event organizer Natalie Osborne, who explained the changes to the fast-growing annual Big Sky event.

46

Big Sky Resort announces Six Shooter upgrade After years of increasing concerns from skiers—locals and visitors alike—about the Six Shooter chairlift’s reliability, long wait times and exposure to cold, Big Sky Resort announced on Dec. 28 that the 2003-built chairlift will be replaced for next winter, 202425. The upgrade will be a Doppelmayr D-line model with eight heated seats and a bubble, similar to Ramcharger 8, built in 2018.

EDITORIAL POLICIES

SCAN FOR TOWN CRIER NEWSLETTER. DAILY NEWS, STRAIGHT TO YOUR INBOX.

EDITORIAL POLICY

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR

Outlaw Partners, LLC is the sole owner of Explore Big Sky. EBS reserves the right to edit all submitted material. Printed material reflects the opinion of the author and is not necessarily the opinion of Outlaw Partners or its editors.

EBS will not publish anything discriminatory or in bad taste.

Letters to the editor allow EBS readers to express views and share how they would like to effect change. These are not Thank You notes.

Letters should be 250 words or less, respectful, ethical, accurate, and proofread for grammar and content. We reserve the right to edit letters and will not publish individual grievances about specific businesses or letters that are abusive, malicious or potentially libelous. Include: full name, address, phone number and title. Submit to media@outlaw.partners.

EBS welcomes obituaries written by family members or from funeral homes. To place an obituary, please submit 500 words or less to media@theoutlawpartners.com.

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ADVERTISING DEADLINE For the January 25th issue January 17th, 2024 CORRECTIONS Please report errors to media@outlaw.partners.

OUTLAW PARTNERS & EXPLORE BIG SKY P.O. Box 160250, Big Sky, MT 59716 (406) 995-2055 • media@theoutlawpartners.com © 2023 Explore Big Sky unauthorized reproduction prohibited

@explorebigsky

635 TOWE R I N G P I N E S GALLATI N CANYO N This Montana family compound is situated on 22.4 acres, ensuring privacy within a gated community. The property includes 5 bedrooms and 4.5 bathrooms, with 3 bedrooms and 2.5 bathrooms in the main home, and 2 bedrooms and 2 bathrooms in the guest home adjacent to the main house. The chef’s kitchen is well-appointed with Wolf and Sub Zero appliances and meticulous attention to detail, including a built-in mixing stand, 100 lb drawer pulls for plate storage, a wet bar island, and a sitting/entertaining island. There’s a separate bar area with a wine cellar, and a great mudroom, laundry, and a spacious pantry with a separate entrance from the attached garage. Outside, you’ll find a wrap-around covered patio with a hot tub and a covered patio off the dining room with a double-sided log wood-burning fireplace. The property is offered partially furnished and is sold “as is” in terms of furnishings.

635 Towering Pines MLS # 383936 | 5 BED + 4.5 BATH + 3-CAR GARAGE | 4,469 +/- SQ. FT. | 22.416 +/- ACRES | $5,295,000

Martha Johnson VP of Sales Founding Broker martha@bigsky.com 406.580.5891 View all my listings at bigskyrealestate.com/team/martha-johnson

ALL INFORMATION PROVIDED IS DEEMED RELIABLE BUT IS NOT GUARANTEED AND SHOULD BE INDEPENDENTLY VERIFIED. INFORMATION AND DEPICTIONS ARE SUBJECT TO ERRORS, OMISSIONS, PRIOR SALES, PRICE CHANGES OR WITHDRAWAL WITHOUT NOTICE. NO GOVERNMENTAL AGENCY HAS JUDGED THE MERITS OR VALUE, IF ANY, OF THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS ADVERTISEMENT OR ANY REAL ESTATE DESCRIBED OR DEPICTED HEREIN. THIS MATERIAL SHALL NOT CONSTITUTE AN OFFER TO SELL IN ANY STATE OR OTHER JURISDICTION WHERE PRIOR REGISTRATION IS REQUIRED OR WHERE SUCH AN OFFER WOULD BE PROHIBITED, AND THIS SHALL NOT CONSTITUTE A SOLICITATION IF YOU ARE WORKING WITH ANOTHER REAL ESTATE AGENT. NOTHING HEREIN SHALL BE CONSTRUED AS LEGAL, TAX, ACCOUNTING, OR OTHER PROFESSIONAL ADVICE.

4 January 11 - 24, 2024

Explore Big Sky

BRIEFS

NEWS IN BRIEF

MORNINGSTAR LEARNING CENTER TO HOST BLACK TIE TRIVIA FUNDRAISER FEB. 9

MONTANA MINIMUM WAGE INCREASES IN 2024

MORNINGSTAR LEARNING CENTER

EBS STAFF

Question: How can you have the most fun while supporting one of Big Sky’s most critical needs?

Since Jan. 1, Montana has a new minimum wage at $10.30 an hour. This is the first time the minimum wage has been over $10 and is a 35 cent increase from 2023.

According to Montana Department of Labor and Industry, the minimum wage is determined by a consumer price index that calculates the cost of living in the state.

The federal minimum wage is currently $7.25.

Answer: Attend Morningstar Learning Center’s Black Tie Trivia Fundraiser!

Held the evening of Feb. 9 at the Montage, Black Tie Trivia is a gala game night where intellect and indulgence meet. Join MLC for open bar, exquisite local fare, fabulous auction items, entertainment by Missy O’Malley, and of course—trivia!

Proceeds from the event will enable MLC to provide affordable, quality early education and childcare at Big Sky’s only full-time, year-round, state-licensed center for children aged six months through 5 years. Purchase tickets at event.auctria.com

According to the Montana Department of Labor & Industry, the average salary in Montana was $54,514 in 2022. In Gallatin and Madison Counties, the average individual salaries in 2022 were $58,645 and $56,900 respectively.

DRONE TEAM TO ASSIST IN GALLATIN COUNTY SHERIFF SEARCH AND RESCUE EFFORTS EBS STAFF According to the Friends of Gallatin County Sheriff Search and Rescue, SAR added a drone team to their crew. The group are certified as drone pilots by the Federal Aviation Administration and have been trained on search techniques.

OUR WORK #FORTHERIVER

The volunteer drone team will benefit searches by accessing large swaths of land that volunteers may not be able to get to as quickly. During night searches, some drones have thermal-imaging which the organization said is “invaluable.”

BOZEMAN DISTRICT OF CUSTER GALLATIN NATIONAL FOREST WELCOMES NEW DISTRICT RANGER EBS STAFF Zac Fisher is the new district ranger for the Bozeman Ranger District of the Custer Gallatin National Forest. He began his four-month appointment on Jan. 2 according to a Dec. 20 release from the U.S. Forest Service.

He will serve behind current acting deputy forest supervisor, Corey Lewellen.

“I am very excited to be stepping into this role [in] the Bozeman Ranger District and for being part of such a dynamic team,” Zac Fisher stated in the release.

“I look forward to continuing work with our partners and to further engage with our community.”

Fisher has been in public service for over 17 years, starting in the Marine Corps, then working in the Department of Agriculture as an intern. Fisher then worked as a soil conservationist for the National Resources Conservation Service before transitioning to the Forest Service as a soil scientist. He then became the Watershed Program Manager for Land Between the Lakes National Recreation Area. Fisher joined the Bozeman team as the deputy district ranger in February 2023.

As district ranger in Bozeman, Fisher will interact with both the local community and the forest service.

SCAN TO LEARN MORE

2023 AT A GLANCE 11

290,266

39

Restoration projects advanced

Gallons of water saved through conservation

Miles of the Gallatin River listed as impaired

PUBLIC NOTICE CALL FOR FY25 RESORT TAX FUNDING APPLICATIONS GOVERNMENT ENTITIES The Big Sky Resort Area District is accepting applications for a 3-year funding cycle for FY25 (7/1/24-6/30/25), FY26 (7/1/25-6/30/26), and FY27 (7/1/266/30/27) operations and FY25 capital requests beginning on Thursday, February 1, 2024. As required by law, an applicant must be a legal entity formed under the laws of the State of Montana. The applicant must be “anentity” that is capable of both “legally and practically” carrying out the purpose of the allocation and located within the Resort Area District. The applicant must be a governmental unit with the capability of being legally bound by an interlocal agreement.

Applications and supporting documents must be completed using the online applications portal and must be submitted by Friday, March 15, 2024, to be considered for funding. More information can be found at resorttax.org/funding or by contacting the District Office at 406-995-3234.

CALL FOR FY25 RESORT TAX FUNDING APPLICATIONS NONPROFIT AND NON-GOVERNMENT ENTITIES

The Big Sky Resort Area District is accepting applications from nonprofit and other non-government entities for the FY25 (7/1/24-6/30/25) funding cycle beginning Thursday, February 15, 2024. As required by law, an applicant must be a legal entity formed under the laws of the State of Montana. The applicant must be “an entity” that is capable of both “legally and practically” carrying out the purpose of the allocation and located within the Resort Area District. The applicant must be a nonprofit or non-government entity with the capability of being legally bound by an agreement.

Applications and supporting documents must be completed using the online portal and must be submitted by Sunday, March 31, 2024, to be considered for funding. More information can be found at resorttax.org/funding or by contacting the District Office at 406-995-3234.

“

CLASSIFIED Awesome Home For Sale ¼ mile south of W.M.P.A.C. Split Level, 5,800 sqft., 4 bed 20x40 Family Style Music-Thespian center; Walk-in Fireplace; Feng Shui boulders in Tea Garden/Solarium; Art studio; Inspiring Dudley Mountain Views. 135 Twin Antler Drive.

Seller had a medical issue and is very motivated. Was $6.5M. Now $3.5M Call Greg 406 539 0523

Join Our Dynamic Team in Big Sky! Big Sky County Water & Sewer District 363 is seeking a talented, self-driven, dedicated, experienced (willing to train the right person) individual looking for an exciting opportunity in Big Sky as our new District Clerk. If this is you, then look no further and apply to join our exceptional team today.

About Us: We are a leading water and sewer utility district serving the vibrant community of Big Sky. Committed to delivering top-notch services, we take pride in maintaining a safe and reliable water supply for our residents, visitors, and businesses.

Learn More: Visit our website https://bigskywatersewer.com/careers

BYEP showed me that I can be someone I want to be. I don’t have to stay in this box that other people put me in. This program changed my life.

Invest in your community. Support Big Sky Youth Empowerment.

— BYEP Alum

Get Outside.

Grow Inside.

Happy Birthday John!

With love, your Big Sky Build family STACY OSSORIO Broker, Private Office Advisor 406-539-8553 stacyossorio.evrealestate.com stacy.ossorio@gmail.com

85 Crail Creek Club Condo, Big Sky Meadow Village Location 3 Beds | 3 Baths | Den | Bonus Room | +/- 2,986 Sqft.

MLS# 385044 | $2,095,000

90 Crail Ranch Condo, Big Sky Crail Ranch Condominium | Meadow Village 4 Beds | 4 Baths | Family Room | +/- 3,730 Sqft.

MLS # 383611 | $3,100,000 | Furnished

TRUST EXPERIENCE

Your trusted Big Sky real estate Advisor and community connection.

Providing exceptional service to buyers and sellers of Big Sky properties for 30 years. ©2023 Engel & Völkers. All rights reserved. Each brokerage independently owned and operated. All information provided is deemed reliable but is not guaranteed and should be independently verified. If your property is currently represented by a real estate broker, this is not an attempt to solicit your listing. Engel & Völkers and its independent License Partners are Equal Opportunity Employers and fully support the principles of the Fair Housing Act.

NOW OPEN

PEAK SKIS SHOWROOM Located in Bozeman, en route to Big Sky, the Peak Skis Showroom is a place to shop our lineup of skis, browse fine goods crafted by Montana locals; or just hang out at one of our movie premieres, ski clinics, and barbecues.

245 Quail Run Road Bozeman, MT 59718

(406)-577-8328 peakskis.com

8 January 11 - 24, 2024

Explore Big Sky

OP NEWS

OUTLAW RESOLUTIONS

The Outlaw Partners crew at Big Sky PBR this last summer, 2023. OUTLAW PARTNERS PHOTO

“Write it on your heart that every day is the best day in the year.”

– Ralph Waldo Emerson

To mark the new year, the Outlaw team reflected on their favorite memories from 2023, and looked ahead and set goals for 2024. From ease in the workplace to positive daily habits, we hope our team’s aspirations encourage you to take life by the horns!

My New Year resolution is to limit the number of back-and-forth emails on any given topic to two. If we cannot resolve in two emails each then it deserves a phone call! I want to eliminate long drawn out 22-response email chains!

– Sara Sipe, Senior Accountant My favorite memory of 2023 was coming out to Big Sky for the Wildlands Festival and being able to share that experience with my wife. Can’t wait to see what the Wildlands Festival has in store for 2024!

– Taylor Erickson, Controller

Taking time to appreciate the beautiful place we call home here in southwest Montana, and making more great memories together through our Outlaw events and experiences.

– Megan Paulson, Co-founder, CMO I am a doing a theme for the year and mine is “slow play.”

– Meg Koenig, OREP Project Coordinator Early nights to bed and better mornings. I will charge my phone (with alarm) in the other room so I have to get out of bed to turn the alarm off. Get to the gym earlier, waste less time in the morning.

– Jack Reaney, Associate Editor 1. Go ice skating at Len Hill Park when I’m up in Big Sky 2. Daily casual strolls 3. Expressing gratitude in writing: writing more letters and postcards to people I appreciate 4. Reading one book in a different language – Jen Clancey, Digital Producer My new year’s resolution is to “Learn to live with less.”

– Alex Wood, Executive Assistant & Special Projects Manager I resolve to get on top of as many ridgelines as I can this summer.

– Mira Brody, VP Media

Early on I was taught that a good oarsman is always looking downriver. Always scanning—10 feet, 100 feet, 1000 feet, to the next bend’s horizon…

Scanning to the horizon is a practice of plotting the most efficient course as far as you can see.

Scanning near is constantly necessary to prevent running up on sneak-rocks that eve your horizon scan. Because the river is ever moving, there is always a new horizon and always new hazards seemingly approaching.

I’ve found this practice of scanning near and far to be a good habit in life as well. Scan to the horizon, plot a course, but don’t remain so fixated on the horizon that you bump into sneak-rocks along the way. More often than not, the tendency is to focus on the 10 foot view and live a reactionary life, dodging rocks as your boat approaches them. The efficiency of scanning to the horizon and plotting a route is lost.

So, what’s my take-away and goal for 2024? Remain nimble. Constantly scanning near and far. Avoid getting suckered into living life with a reactionary 10-foot view. Plot the route, but be ever ready to adjust when a sneak-rock pops into sight.

Oh, and one more thing. Don’t forget to turn around and look back up-river from time to time.

There’s a whole beautiful canyon you just came through.

– Eli Kretzmann, operations manager, Boundary Expeditions

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10 January 11 - 24, 2024

LOCAL

Explore Big Sky

MARLENE KENNEDY RETIRES AFTER 27 YEARS WITH WATER AND SEWER DISTRICT

LOOKS FORWARD TO PLAYING OUTSIDE, UNCONFINED BY THE RIGID SCHEDULE OF A 53-YEAR CAREER

BY JACK REANEY BIG SKY—Marlene Kennedy calls her retirement “kind of an impulse decision.”

Her coworker of 27 years at the Big Sky County Water and Sewer District, Jim Muscat, retired in August. He joked then that she wouldn’t be able to stick around the office long without him. She ran into Muscat on Dec. 16, and he asked when Kennedy, 67, was going to call it quits. Muscat told her she wouldn’t regret the decision.

“That was on a Saturday. And then that Monday, I decided to retire,” Kennedy told EBS in an Dec. 28 interview. She clocked out from her administrative assistant role on Dec. 29.

“I’m an impulse person. And a ‘go with the flow’ person,” she said. If so, the flow has been consistent— it kept her in the same job since July of 1996.

Kennedy was born and raised in Montana. She spent her early years near the Canadian border in the rural Hi-Line farming community of Zurich, and moved to Whitefish for most of her schooling years.

She held jobs in Kalispell and Whitefish, but for longer in Helena, working for the State of Montana’s Department of Social and Rehabilitation Services, among other jobs, for 17 years. She ran a small resource library for special needs providers before moving to Big Sky in 1993.

Kennedy and her husband, Jim Schultz, migrated from Helena so Schultz could take a job with Biggerstaff Construction, and Kennedy took an office job with the Big Sky Owners Association. By the early 1990s, Big Sky had not yet formed a water and sewer district. However, the community was outgrowing its original water and sewer infrastructure owned and operated by Big Sky Resort and Rural Improvement District #305—in 1993, pond leakage caused a moratorium on new sewer permits—and a committee would meet at the BSOA office every week to discuss forming a district. Kennedy would organize the committee meetings.

It was an honor for Kennedy to carry the community forward as she began her role with the young water and sewer district in 1996. She’s been answering the phone ever since.

Kennedy was already exploring the financial possibility of retirement before Muscat’s added influence. On Dec. 14, she met with her financial advisor. He asked, “Why are you still working?”

As an active individual, Kennedy looks forward to an open calendar—not needing to schedule skiing, snowshoeing, hiking and kayaking around her job.

She jokes that she should have retired in time for last winter’s snow, and knows she will “cherish the play hours” more than she’ll ever regret leaving her desk.

“Holy cow. I’ve been working probably 53 years of my life, and [I’ve] always had to have [my] ‘me time’… scheduled around a job,” Kennedy said. Now she looks forward to longer and more frequent journeys with her hiking friends, longer stays at Flathead Lake.

The front face Since joining the district, Kennedy’s job has revolved around customer support and communication. She’s

Marlene Kennedy retired on Dec. 29 after nearly three decades at the front desk for Big Sky’s water and sewer district. PHOTO BY JACK REANEY

been “the front face” of BSCWSD for almost three decades, according to district GM Ron Edwards.

“She’s synonymous with the water and sewer district,” Edwards said. “It’s been a good, long run for her.”

“I’ve always really loved interacting with my customers… Many people over the years that now are my friends, started out as customers,” Kennedy said.

She appreciates—and feels appreciated by—customers and is proud of always making efforts to help them.

She said Big Sky has always been generous, a “very giving community.”

“So, if you’re getting ready to leave at 5:10, you have your coat on and the phone rings? I still answer it. I’m here,” Kennedy said.

In the past three or four years, the district adopted software called WaterSmart—it provides homeowners with real-time water usage data and alerts. Edwards is proud that Big Sky leads the country in WaterSmart adoption rate, and credits Kennedy for registering customers and guiding them through.

Edwards said the national benchmark is around 20% adoption, but 50% of Big Sky’s customer base is enrolled in the free program.

“We have quarterly meetings with the WaterSmart folks,” Edwards said. “And they’re always telling us, they’re like, ‘We don’t know what you guys are doing, but you’re crushing it as far as getting people enrolled into it,’ and [Marlene’s] the one that’s been doing all that.”

When customers receive an automated WaterSmart message, it’s signed by Marlene.

“Most owners don’t understand the volume of water that can be used in such a short amount of time, like, for instance, a toilet running,” she said. Summer irrigation is another massive draw and sometimes requires Kennedy to explain why a customer’s water bill is so high.

That was her responsibility before WaterSmart, too, but the software has helped prevent those difficult phone calls from needing to happen.

“You can actually pinpoint the exact hour when the issue started, and if it was fixed, and how much it cost them for that time period,” Kennedy said.

Beyond customer service, Edwards also credits Kennedy for handling paperwork for water and sewer hookup permits. Aside from large commercial projects, new connections likely passed through her front desk.

Kennedy and Schultz moved from Big Sky to Gallatin Gateway before their daughter Hallie was born—Big Sky lacked medical resources in 1994—and Kennedy plans to stay there. She remembers Big Sky being more close-knit in years past, but she said it remains that way in some regards. Big Sky was built on volunteerism and that still applies today, she added.

“It would have been, in my mind, wonderful if there had been a vision of the future on what maximum growth should be here. I don’t know if that’s ever really been identified yet,” Kennedy said. Muscat offered similar “parental caution” to EBS back in August.

From Kennedy’s 27 years working in Big Sky, she’ll miss the water and sewer district’s customers. “It’s very gratifying to me to be able to help people. And so I will miss that… daily contact with many people,” she said.

Speaking with EBS before her ultimate Friday, she shared one part of the job she won’t miss—also the last thing she’d left to finish.

“Permits,” Kennedy said. “Water and sewer permits.”

“She hates ‘em,” Edwards said. But for hundreds of homes built in the past 27 years, Marlene got the job done regardless.

Landmark R E A L E S TAT E

2270 Yellowtail Road | 4 Beds | 3.5 Baths | +/- 2,757 Sqft.

MLS# 384428 | Meadow Village | $1,985,000 | Furnished Listing Advisor: Stacy Ossorio, Broker | Private Office stacy.ossorio@gmail.com | 406.539.8553

470 BIG PINE DRIVE, BIG SKY 4 BED | 3.5 BATH | 3,737 SQ FT Beautiful custom architecturally designed home built in 2020 with above garage ADU, near Town Center! Well thought out design, exceptional craftsmanship, spectacular views, and large oversized garage. The ADU provides additional living space, a full kitchen and bath. Serene outdoor spaces, including a private patio with a hot tub and deck. The interior showcases high ceilings and an open-concept layout inviting abundant natural light. Easy access to hiking and Nordic trails. $3,199,000 #385318 MAGGIE BIGGERSTAFF 406-580-6244 90 Crail Ranch Condominium | 4 Beds | 4 Baths | Bonus Room MLS# 383611 | $3,100,000 | Furnished | +/- 3,730 Sqft.

Listing Advisor: Stacy Ossorio, Broker | Private Office stacy.ossorio@gmail.com | 406.539.8553

2085 SPOTTED ELK ROAD, BIG SKY 4 BED | 4.5 BATH | 3,816 SQ FT

85 Crail Creek | 3 Bd | 3 Ba | +/- 2,986 Sqft.

MLS# 385044 | $2,095,000 Listing Advisor: Stacy Ossorio, Broker | Private Office stacy.ossorio@gmail.com | 406.539.8553

Create your own legacy property with this grand home bordering recreational open space. Hop onto the Crail Ranch Trail from your front door where freshly groomed cross country ski trails beckon in Winter and biking and hiking trails await in Summer. The Crail Ranch Trail connects to the Lone Peak Trail via the new pedestrian tunnel providing convenient access to the extensive trail systems and the Town Center. $3,250,000 #384355 KIRK DIGE 406-580-5475

Meet Our Team Maggie Biggerstaff Broker 406-580-6244

Dan Delzer Broker 406-580-4326

Ron Seher

14 Upper Cascade Ridge Rd | 5 Beds | 6.5 Baths | +/- 4,340 Sqft.

MLS# 385073 | $6,780,000 Listing Advisor: Greg Smith | Real Estate Broker greg.smith@engelvoelkers.com | 406.599.8469

DON’T JUST VISIT HERE, LIVE HERE. Montana406.com

Scan for more listings!

©2023 Engel & Völkers. All rights reserved. Each brokerage independently owned and operated. All information provided is deemed reliable but is not guaranteed and should be independently verified. If your property is currently represented by a real estate broker, this is not an attempt to solicit your listing. Engel & Völkers and its independent License Partners are Equal Opportunity Employers and fully support the principles of the Fair Housing Act.

Sales Associate 406-580-3363

Kirk Dige

Katie Haley Grimm

Broker 406-580-5475

Kruin Seibert Sales Associate 406-640-0287

Broker 406-580-3444

Robyn Erlenbush Broker/Owner 406-586-1321

ERABigSky.com 406-995-3444 36 Center Lane, Big Sky, MT Robyn Erlenbush, CRB, Broker/Owner Each office independently owned and operated.

13 January 11 - 24, 2024

L O CA L

Explore Big Sky

BIG SKY THRIFT DONATES $75K TO LOCAL NONPROFITS IN ONE YEAR, BIG SKY’S ‘LIFE-CHANGING’ THRIFT STORE IS ALREADY MAKING ITS MARK “We are so thankful for the great service the thrift provides for our Big Sky Community, and for this extra grant money to support our programs,” Bivins wrote.

BY JACK REANEY BIG SKY—Big Sky Thrift opened on Dec. 6, 2022.

In the year since, more than 100 volunteers have operated the nonprofit shop. In December 2023, Big Sky Thrift was able to award $75,000 in grants to 10 local nonprofits. Grants ranged from $2,500 to $20,000.

Eagle Mount will purchase another adaptive sit ski in a new size and style, allowing new participants to learn and grow their skills. The organization facilitates more than 750 volunteers per year, and “impacts community fluency and actionable steps toward disability and inclusion,” according to Anna Smoot, grants administrator.

In its next grant cycle, May 2024, the thrift will award another $82,500 in grants to nonprofits not included in the first award cycle.

The first-year grant total of $157,500 comes directly from secondhand goods sales, according to Emily Burke, associate director of programs for the Yellowstone Club Community Foundation—Big Sky Thrift is a YCCF-funded initiative.

Big Sky Thrift manager Emily Burke (front) and a small sample of her large volunteer crew. PHOTO BY JACK REANEY

“Whether you shop, donate or volunteer at the thrift, it all stays in our town,” Burke told EBS in a phone call. “And it’s all equal… It’s a mix of every [demographic] and that’s why it’s working so well.”

Jeremy Keller, chief program officer for Big Sky Bravery, wrote that the grant will allow the organization to secure children’s ski gear—since March of 2023, the organization has been focusing on incorporating the families of active-duty special operations forces veterans into programming.

Lone Mountain Land Company donates the commercial space—waiving the rent—which allows store revenue to feed almost completely back to the community, Burke said.

The thrift’s first 10 nonprofit grants were voted on by more than 65 store volunteers, with a focus on capital items such as food donation barrels for the Big Sky Community Food Bank, a new building security system for Morningstar Learning Center and art supplies for the Arts Council of Big Sky, Burke explained.

Score! Big Sky Thrift accepts sporting goods and sells them between 10-20% of market price. PHOTO BY JACK REANEY

“We are so incredibly grateful to the Big Sky Thrift not only for this generous grant, but also for turning their success into an opportunity to reinvest in our community,” wrote Mariel Butan, executive director of Morningstar Learning Center. The grant will help MLC upgrade its campus security, helping parents “go to work supporting our community with greater peace of mind.”

Scott Larson added gratitude on behalf of the Big Sky Christian Fellowship, which will use the money to provide a resource list—including the Skyline Bus schedule, Wellness In Action clinic hours and AA support groups—to seasonal workers. The resource list will be printed on the labels of more than 1,000 cookies from Uncle Dan’s and provided to those workers.

The Arts Council of Big Sky will use its grant to buy art supplies and continue offering contributewhat-you-can community art classes.

“Because of the Big Sky Thrift grant, the contribute-what-you-can fee structure will stay in

“We had a gap in the clothing for children as our current suite was aimed toward adults. But with [Big Sky Thrift’s] help and this grant we will be able to outfit the children,” Keller wrote.

No sign of slowing Burke pointed out that great donations don’t just come from private club members—some do, but quality goods also come from local gear heads and general members of the community.

The first cycle awarded the following grant amounts: $20,000 to Big Sky SNO; $10,000 to the Arts Council, Eagle Mount and Morningstar; $5,000 to Big Sky Futbol Club, Gallatin River Task Force, Big Sky Bravery and Warren Miller Performing Arts Center; and $2,500 to the food bank and Big Sky Christian Fellowship.

EBS reached out to grant recipients via email for comment.

“Eagle Mount strives to offer everyone the opportunity to take part in a lesson, regardless of the challenges they may face… Eagle Mount is honored to be a part of this grant cycle and a grateful for the much-needed equipment it will provide,” Smoot wrote.

Burke brings enthusiasm to the nonprofit thrift store. PHOTO BY JACK REANEY

place for 2024, making the classes accessible for the entire community,” wrote Julie Edwards, education director. “On behalf of everyone in our community, our gratitude runs deep.”

Gallatin River Task Force will use the grant to expand its water education programming, from schools and summer camps to community events.

Chief Executive and Science Officer Kristin Gardner wrote that as neighbors—GRTF has an office in the same building—Big Sky Thrift’s positive impact is clear.

“Education plays a fundamental role in increasing stewardship of our community’s water resources,” Gardner wrote.

With new donation barrels for the Big Sky Community Food Bank, Director Sarah Gaither Bivins hopes to see more donations of unused, unopened groceries from visitors and community members to increase the food bank’s volume and variety of goods and keep viable food out of the waste stream.

Burke is proud of her many volunteers, and said the thrift is always looking for more. A new shift is now available from 4 to 6 p.m., and all opportunities are available online through Volunteer Big Sky. The store will look to maintain hours Wednesday through Saturday, from 12 to 6 p.m., with a short “May away” spring break for volunteers.

“Big Sky Thrift has been life changing, not only to myself and my career, but I think to our community as well,” Burke said. “I think the thrift has been lifechanging for our town.”

With the construction of RiverView Apartments beside the thrift store, Burke expects to see “a major increase in sales.” However, most of the RiverView tenants will be targeting life essentials—linens, dining and cooking ware, and seasonal clothing— more than Big Sky Thrift’s luxury items and brandname sporting goods. While revenue might not increase in stride with volume of sales, the shop will be filling an important role.

“We’re just going to have more people in an evencloser walking distance,” Burke said.

Local nonprofit organizations that did not receive a grant in December will be eligible to apply for the spring grant cycle at bigskythrift.com. Burke expects those $82,500 in allocations to be finalized in June.

14 January 11 - 24, 2024

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RUFF FUNDS SPAY-NEUTERS FOR ANIMAL RESCUE NONPROFIT

BY JACK REANEY BIG SKY—If you entered Lone Peak Veterinary Hospital at the right time on Jan. 3, 11-week-old Sparky might have pawed your knee and nibbled at your fingers. With two of Sparky’s 12 canine siblings—Augie and Chonky Bob—still up for adoption among many other pups, the Prairie Song Rescue crew might tempt any dog lover.

Prairie Song Rescue is a nonprofit animal rescue operation in Wilsall, primarily focused on fostering dogs from reservations—while also taking in sheep, pigs, horses, cats and whatever exotic animals need support. Director Jesscy Zimmermann brought 11 dogs to Big Sky on Jan. 3, where the local vet, Dr. Sydney “Syd” Desmarais and support staff, helped spay-neuter them for free.

“We want to get healthy, good dogs into perfect homes for them,” Zimmermann of Prairie Song told EBS. “So we don’t give any [animal] out before it’s fully vetted—everything needs to be spayed, neutered, wormed, microchipped, the whole works.”

She thanked Dr. Syd, who offered an entire Wednesday to support Prairie Song after seeing a Facebook post about a challenging situation: in December, Prairie Song adopted more than 40 dogs in varying health from an unfit owner. On Jan. 3, Lone Peak Vet spayed and neutered nine dogs, and vaccinated and wormed all 11.

Funding for the procedures came from the Big Sky nonprofit Riley’s Urgent Fund for Friends (RUFF), founded by Dr. Syd in 2020. RUFF is an assistance fund that supports underserved animals with medication costs, veterinarian care and medical equipment. Through RUFF, Lone Peak Vet can usually help cover emergency costs for pet owners needing support.

Dr. Syd highlighted this week’s spay-neuter volunteer work—for Big Sky community members who donate to RUFF, they’re supporting important work like this.

Jesscy Zimmermann of Prairie Song Rescue holds Sparky (left) and Diggins. PHOTO BY JACK REANEY

Montana get the help they need. We would love to expand that and continue to do it… That’s the part of the job I love, and I really want to make that happen.”

Bridger Animal Nutrition in Bozeman also supports Prairie Song regularly with food and adoption pop-ups. “They’re fantastic. Shoutout to them,” Zimmermann said.

Prairie Song Rescue continues to build toward structured fundraising, Zimmermann said. The nonprofit has been largely self-funded, over 60%, with operating funds also covered by private donations and grants. Adoption fees are counted as donations and used for operations.

Zimmermann encouraged those looking for pets to consider supporting small, independent or lesserknown entities like Prairie Song.

After the Jan. 3 work, Zimmermann dropped off six dogs at permanent homes on the drive back to Wilsall.

“We’re definitely very underfunded and overworked. I can think of 10 [operations] in Montana alone… that are in desperate need,” she said.

“Huge, huge, huge for us,” Zimmermann said.

“Brings me to tears… [Dr. Syd] has already been very vocal about the fact that she’d love to continue to help.”

For Big Sky readers open to adopting, animals are posted regularly on Prairie Song’s Facebook page.

Zimmermann advertised one especially good boy: Hawk.

“100%,” Dr. Syd confirmed. “Our whole goal is to work with rescue dogs… To try to help dogs within

“He is one of the coolest dogs,” Zimmermann said.

“He is from the Blackfeet [Reservation]. And he

“Dr. Syd” Desmarais owns Lone Peak Veterinary Hospital, and started nonprofit RUFF to support underserved animals. PHOTO

BY JACK REANEY

“Dr. Syd” Desmarais (left) volunteered to vet 11 dogs on Jan. 3. PHOTO BY JACK REANEY

has just been such a pleasure. We’ve done over 350 dogs, and he has been in our top-five favorites. He is just such a fun dog.”

In 2023, Prairie Song rescued and spay-neutered more than 100 cats, fostered more than 50 horses and nine llamas, and cared for various bird species.

Zimmermann grew up in a veterinarian household, and has been doing rescues her whole adult life.

Her husband, former two-time Olympic Nordic skier Leif Zimmermann, overcame his aversion to dogs—Jesscy joked that he now owns about 18.

“Now he is so hands-on, I could not do it without him. He is in the trenches and loves it, and is very passionate about it as well,” she said.

Formed in 2020, RUFF had its most-ever funding in 2023 through a large donation and its primary fundraising and community event, Mountain Mutt Mania in September.

Dr. Syd hopes that Lone Peak Veterinary Hospital will move into a larger space, where RUFF can deed restrict a portion of the facility in perpetuity to serve as a local animal shelter “that will last forever.”

For now, by helping rescue dogs from almost two hours away, Lone Peak Veterinary Hospital is doing its part with the resources available.

Hawk, between two and three years old, was neutered and fully vetted on Jan. 3.

COURTESY OF PRAIRIE SONG RESCUE

15 January 11 - 24, 2024

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NEW NONPROFIT AIMS TO SUPPORT BIG SKY PUBLIC EDUCATORS

BY JACK REANEY BIG SKY—Big Sky School District teachers and staff have a new nonprofit in their corner.

The Big Sky Public Education Support Fund was created to help retain Big Sky’s educators and school district staff. The nonprofit will provide financial assistance to offset the area’s high cost of living, expand opportunities for participation in local recreation activities and decrease the cost of professional development for public school staff.

BSPESF formed in September 2022 with the goal of enhancing the quality of life and well-being of Big Sky School District public school teachers and staff, and recently gained 501(c)(3) status, according to a Dec. 12 press release from BSPESF. The organization was founded by Matt Dodd along with Seth Barker, Kevin Daily, Jen Guenther, and Betsey Stewart, who serve as BSPESF board members.

In 2023, Montana’s average starting salary for public educators was the lowest in the U.S. at $33,568. Average overall salary is 44th in the nation, at $53,628, according to the National Education Association. In Montana, school district salary is constrained by tax revenue which correlates with student enrollment. Even with collective bargaining through the local teachers’ union and the Big Sky School District’s continued efforts to pay teachers as much as possible, the district is not able to increase staff pay enough to match the area’s high cost of living.

“Despite this low pay, Big Sky public school educators contend with a cost of living comparable to cities like San Francisco, Los Angeles and New York City. The Big Sky Chamber’s recent Cost of Living Analysis—comparing the cost of groceries, housing, healthcare, transportation, and misc. goods and services—found that that it costs 79.8% more to live in Big Sky than the average American city,” the release stated, also noting that 78% of Big Sky’s workforce commutes.

Dodd, BSPESF president and chairman, told EBS the organization is aimed at helping teachers and staff enjoy and participate in the beautiful area, and retaining talented and motivated staff. BSPESF will not supplement school district salaries but intends to otherwise enable staff to enjoy living and working in Big Sky. Dodd explained that the nonprofit adds flexibility to the capabilities of the Big Sky School District and school board to support its staff—the independent organization is not subject to the same budgetary considerations, some contained in state law, that may prevent certain fundraising and quality of life programs. Dodd is also a school board member, and said BSPESF is supplementary and collaborative with Big Sky’s PTO and school board.

“We’re trying to incentivize people to stay, incentivize people to hang around. Because we’ve got great teachers in the community, we’ve got great staff who put in lots of time and care about our kids,” he said. Especially for newer or younger

The Big Sky Public Education Support Fund will explore ways to support staff members and teachers at Ophir School and Lone Peak High School.

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and thanked us independently, because it made their life that much easier.”

Big Sky School District alumnus Andrew Robin created the BSPESF logo. COURTESY OF BSPES teachers, the need for support may be higher to keep them around for many years.

The nonprofit raised $40,000 in its first year and primarily focused on grants for continuing education and stipends to support housing costs.

In the coming year, BSPESF hopes to build on community partnerships to support quality of life.

Dodd gave an example: Mac and Carrie Chapin, owners of Big Sky Snowman, a local snow removal service, offered to plow the driveways for any school district staff living in Snowman’s service area, free of charge.

BSPESF is brainstorming other partnerships and quality of life programs: Dodd envisions gym memberships being donated or discounted; local technicians providing routine car service during the school day, with pick-up and drop-off from the school district parking lot; BSPESF providing fuel cards for commuting teachers; and stipends for teachers to purchase snacks and supplies for students in need—many spend their own money for the kids, Dodd said.

“The more opportunities there are to knock down those hurdles for folks that are working and trying to make it work here. And we know teachers are invested because they’re helping our kids… They’re actually coming here to make a difference and be a part of the community. They’re shaping our community.”

Dodd emphasized that BSPESF is a true nonprofit, with virtually zero operation costs. “I think our overhead is $35 a month for Quickbooks,” he said.

Dodd is proud that BSPESF contracted school district graduates for initial marketing and web design: Andrew Robin, Griffin House and Ece Zeyli.

BSPESF created a housing assistance program, similar to an existing quarterly rent assistance program sponsored by Big Sky’s American Legion and the Broken Spoke Bar & Casino. Independent from that program, BSPESF pulls a name out of a hat every quarter and awards a rent or mortgage payment. The goal is to knock down hurdles: housing and continued education are common challenges.

“If you’re cutting us a check, it’s going to go to the teachers,” Dodd said.

“We know that the money is being used to keep you in the community,” Dodd said. After a teacher’s rent was donated last quarter, Dodd recalled, “I heard from the teacher, I heard from the teacher’s partner, and the teacher’s roommate. They all came

“If you donate to us, you get to see your donation get put immediately in the hands of someone that needs it and deserves it,” Daily said. “You can make that personal connection between the donor and the recipient.”

Teachers and staff must apply and meet certain qualifications. For donors, contributions can be made anonymously if desired, but BSPESF board member Kevin Daily emphasized that some donors have been thanked by teachers and staff in the community.

16 January 11 - 24, 2024

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BIG SKY BIGGIE REGISTRATION NOW OPEN; NEW COURSE DISTANCE AND DATES ORGANIZERS HOPE 50-MILE COURSE WILL INCREASE PARTICIPATION IN LONGESTDISTANCE EVENT

BY JEN CLANCEY

Mules section. “I’d rather people have a good day and a good race experience,” Osborne said.

BIG SKY—The Big Sky Biggie mountain returns for its sixth year in 2024 with a new date and changes to the 60-mile course.

“[The 50-mile] is a good sweet spot, a good challenge that is feasible.”

Date change allows more Big Sky involvement

One of three mountain bike courses traversing Big Sky terrain, the 60-mile race will be shortened to a 50-mile course this year. The mountain bike event also announced a change to race weekend dates: the 2024 event will be on Saturday, Aug. 17, one week earlier than usual.

The Aug. 17 race date will allow more Big Sky families to be involved in the race, both as bikers and volunteers.

As a nonprofit organization, the Biggie’s proceeds go toward the Big Sky Community Organization and the Big Sky chapter of the Southwest Montana Mountain Biking Association to support trail stewardship and help in event planning.

Registration for Big Sky Biggie opened on Tuesday, Jan. 9.

Natalie Osborne, race director and founder, said that she’s excited for the 2024 race. Last year, Osborne hoped for 600 riders—720 signed up, breaking the 2022 record of 408 riders.

“I’m excited that it’s still growing and that people are returning every year,” Osborne said. For 2024, the event is offering 50-mile, 30-mile and 15-mile courses.

For the past three years, the 60-miler showcased the strength of endurance athletes from all over the country.

But Osborne noticed that many eager riders would request to drop to the 30-mile race mid-summer.

Biggie racers begin course at 8 a.m. for 2023 event. PHOTO

BY JEN CLANCEY

“With the vertical and elevation gain, I think it was intimidating,” Osborne said. For those who passed on the 60-mile race, they missed one of the “most extraordinary rides,” Osborne said, describing the view from Buck Ridge on the Yellow Mules Loop as one that goes on “forever.”

She hopes that the 50-mile will attract and retain more riders so that they can experience the 18-mile Yellow

For the past five years, the Biggie has landed on the weekend before students return to school, making it hard for families to participate. The new date will “give Big Sky families an extra weekend before kids go back to school,” Osborne said.

She hopes it will also free up people involved in summer activities like softball—the 2023 Biggie conflicted with the Big Sky Softball League tournament—and other events.

She concluded with excitement for the Biggie’s sixth year: “It’s a privilege to put this race on.”

EIGHT SHOOTER? SIX SHOOTER TO RECEIVE UPGRADE FOR NEXT WINTER SEASON

BIG SKY RESORT’S NEXT REPLACEMENT WILL CUT RIDE TIME TO EIGHT MINUTES ON THE NORTH SIDE EBS STAFF Big Sky Resort’s Six Shooter chairlift will be replaced by an eight-person, heated-seat bubble chairlift after this winter season. The upgrade is expected to be the world’s longest eight-seat chairlift.

The new chairlift will be Big Sky Resort’s second eight-seat, and third Doppelmayr D-line chairlift, and is expected to open for the 2024-25 winter season, according to a Dec. 28 press release from Big Sky Resort. The resort’s first D-line chairlift was Ramcharger 8, which opened in 2018, followed

by Swift Current 6 in 2021.

The Six Shooter replacement is a surprise addition to Big Sky Resort’s 2025 Vision, which will include a new Explorer Gondola by the following winter of 2025-26, among other facility and infrastructure upgrades.

Six Shooter is a high-speed six-seat detachable chairlift first constructed by Moonlight Basin Ski Area in 2003. Its successor will “effectively double” uphill capacity to 2,745 skiers per hour, and travel at 13 miles per hour, reducing ride time by 30%.

Construction will begin in summer 2024.

Rendering of the new chairlift replacing Six Shooter. COURTESY OF EVERETT KIRCHER / BIG SKY RESORT

“Replacing Six Shooter has long been an ask of our guests,” Troy Nedved, resort GM, stated in the release. “The lift replacement doubles the uphill capacity at one of our last remaining pinch points, and will enhance what is one of the resort’s coldest lift rides with bubbles and heated seats.”

The lift will feature an automatic lowering and locking safety bar system.

It will also include North America’s first Fatzer Performa-DT rope “which will deliver the smoothest and quietest lift ride possible,” the release stated. Construction will include chair storage buildings similar to those seen at the top of Ramcharger and Swift Current.

Nedved stated that Lone Mountain Land Company collaborated to accelerate the timing of the replacement.

“This new lift also connects our Moonlight Basin community and guests of One&Only Moonlight Basin [hotel], scheduled to open in winter 2025, with a greatly elevated lift experience, on par with the rest of Big Sky Resort’s modern lift system and expansive terrain,” stated Matt Kidd, managing director of Lone Mountain Land Company.

This will be the seventh chairlift upgrade in seven years, according to the release. The bottom terminal will be moved about 40 feet uphill, but otherwise the lift will closely follow six shooter’s current route.

17 January 11 - 24, 2024

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LOCAL NONPROFITS TO HOST MENTAL HEALTH ADVOCACY EVENT AT WMPAC Big Sky School District teacher Jeremy Harder will moderate the panel including Kawahata, Lone Peak High School student Chloe Unger, Gallatin County Sheriff ’s Deputy Travis Earl and Big Sky Ski Patroller Sean Holbine.

EBS STAFF On Friday, Jan. 12, Big Sky SNO, Be Well Big Sky and Wellness in Action will host “An Evening of Inspiration and Advocacy for Mental Health” at the Warren Miller Performing Arts Center.

“Their diverse perspectives will shed light on the importance of mental health awareness in various contexts within our mountain community,” the release stated.

Doors will open for the free event at 5:30 p.m. and keynote speaker Molly Kawahata will begin at 6 p.m. A panel discussion on mental health and 30-minute film screening will follow. Attendees must register online for the free event—registration will include an optional $15 donation to support the efforts of Big Sky SNO.

After Kawahata’s address, panelists will discuss issues of mental health related to climate change and ski towns.

In preparation for the event, organizers recommend watching “The Scale of Hope,” a film by Patagonia wherein Kawahata candidly shares her experience with mental health and the climate crisis through the lens of her love of alpine climbing.

Donations to WIA will be collected at the event to support Tim Tate and his local counseling program for first responders.

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“Known for tackling monumental challenges, Molly will share her intimate journey with mental health and discuss the power of the human mind to drive positive change. Her unique perspective promises to inspire and challenge the audience,” the release stated.

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Kawahata is the founder of a strategy and communications consultancy, Systemic Impact Strategies, served as a climate advisor with the Obama administration and is an accomplished ice climber.

The Jan. 12 event takes place at WMPAC. PHOTO BY JULIA BARTON

The film aims to destigmatize conversations about mental health and suicide in the ski industry. Male and female professional skiers and snowboarders share their experiences and perspectives, emphasizing the transformative power of turning tragedy into triumph, according to the release.

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A joint press release from the three local nonprofits encouraged people to attend the “transformative event” for mental health awareness and advocacy.

“Join us for an evening of inspiration, education, and advocacy for mental health. Together, we can foster change and create a community where conversations about mental health are open, supportive, and empowering,” the release stated.

The evening will end with the 30-minute screening of “Mountain in My Mind 2: Tragedy into Triumph.”

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18 January 11 - 24, 2024

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REGIONAL

MSU CONTINUES TO RAISE MONEY FOR PLANNED INDOOR PRACTICE FACILITY

FACILITY WOULD PROVIDE CONSISTENT PRACTICE SPACES AWAY FROM SEASONAL WEATHER CHALLENGES

Graphic of proposed football turf and track in indoor practice facility. PHOTO COURTESY OF KAREN CANTRELL/ MSU ATHLETICS

BY JEN CLANCEY BOZEMAN—In order to maintain training routines and enhance the student-athlete experience, Montana State University’s Athletics Department is working toward construction of a new, $25 million indoor sports practice facility on campus. The building will be climate controlled and energy efficient, and construction could finish by the end of 2024.

Proposed along South 11th Avenue, near Bobcat Stadium and the Bobcat Track and Field Complex, the 120,000-square-foot building will include 100 yards of turf for football and multi-sport training and a 300-meter indoor track, as well as space for field events.

Both features will bring track and field and football athletes indoors when conditions outside are unsafe and unsuitable for practice. “This one is really out of necessity,” said Director of Athletics Leon Costello.

He explained that as the football season reaches November and December, practice conditions can get dicey as the Bobcats prepare for playoffs.

In 2022, the Bobcats ended their season on Dec. 17 with a loss in the Football Championship Subdivision semifinal game to the South Dakota State University Jackrabbits. FCS playoffs run until mid-January, a time that isn’t quite suited for nonsnow sports.

“It really became evident pretty much every year that we go to the playoffs in football … and we’re practicing in weather that’s just not conducive to practicing,” Costello said.

He explained that ensuring a safe environment and providing practice space for all Montana State teams is essential.

The track and field team usually practices in the Brick Breeden Fieldhouse—which has its own track—but they are often moved to other spaces due to conflicting events. “The field house gets used for basketball games, concerts, trade shows, all these things,” Costello said. “So now they’re going to have a consistent spot where they can go practice and compete with very little distractions and conflicts.”

According to Costello, the Bobcat Athletic Complex, completed in 2021, has helped tremendously in streamlining athletic programs’ needs like treating injured athletes and providing spaces for strength training all in one spot. He views the incoming indoor practice facility as an important and exciting next step because it will support more consistent routines on and off the field.

“All of our facilities are geared towards making [a student-athlete’s] day as simple and consistent as possible,” Costello said. “What we try to do is really compact their day so once they’re done, they can go on campus and do all the things they need to do as a student.”

He explained that a focus on student needs and wellbeing is a common theme at MSU. “A lot of [new campus developments and facilities] are geared towards providing the best experience we can for students while they’re here,” Costello said.

“And that’s what this is all about. It’s about growth.

As Bozeman is growing, our campus is growing, our athletic department is growing.”

Costello hopes to meet the needs of MSU Athletics’ own growth alongside the community and described how the facilities align with the goals of the athletics department.

“We want to develop champions—in competition, but also in the classroom. If they have the resources that are here to help them accomplish those two things, we feel like we’re accomplishing our mission.”

The practice facility will be privately funded, which isn’t unique for developments in athletics, Costello said, but means that the athletics department is working to fundraise for the space. In midNovember, MSU Athletics announced that they were $3 million short of a $25 million goal. Since then, donations have brought that remaining total to $2 million.

Costello thanked donors for their support. The project is expected to break ground sometime in the spring or summer once the fundraising total is reached.

“We’re out, asking for donations from our supporters and people that support MSU athletics,” Costello said.

As for the future of athletics spaces, the department hopes to expand on inclusion of other MSU extracurricular activities, and Bozeman events at large after meeting the needs of the athletics department.

“My philosophy has been if we’re going to have this building, we don’t want it to sit empty, so when we get done with all of our practices ... Why not use it and make it available for people in the community,” Costello said.

“That’s been our goal from day one.”

19 January 11 - 24, 2024

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JUDGE BLOCKS TWO PRO-CONSTRUCTION HOUSING LAWS COURT ORDER KEEPS TWO OF FOUR LAWS CHALLENGED BY BOZEMAN HOMEOWNERS GROUP FROM TAKING EFFECT JAN. 1

BY ERIC DIETRICH MONTANA FREE PRESS

A Gallatin County District Court judge has blocked two laws passed by the 2023 Montana Legislature that aimed to promote housing affordability by forcing cities to permit denser development in existing neighborhoods.

The Dec. 29 order, by Judge Mike Salvagni, prevented the two laws from taking effect as scheduled on Jan. 1 while litigation of a legal challenge filed by a Bozeman-based homeowners group last month proceeds. The order doesn’t change the status of two other laws that are also challenged by the same lawsuit, including one that broadly reworks the state’s land use planning statute in an effort to focus resident input on high-level planning discussions and make it harder for not-in-my-backyard-style opposition to derail projects that comply with existing growth plans.

The two blocked laws are Senate Bill 323, which would require cities with 5,000 residents or more to allow duplex housing on any home lot, and Senate Bill 528, which would require cities to adopt regulations allowing more construction of accessory dwelling units, or secondary housing structures that share parcels with larger homes.

Left in effect for the time being is the new Montana Land Use Planning Act, the broader land use planning framework that passed as Senate Bill 382, and Senate Bill 245, which requires cities of 7,000 residents or more to allow apartmentstyle housing in most areas zoned as commercial.

All four laws passed last year’s Legislature with bipartisan support. SB 382 and SB 245 took effect when they were signed by Gov. Greg Gianforte in May 2023.

In his order, Salvagni wrote that the Legislature had not effectively coordinated the different bills, resulting in contradictions in the resulting laws.

Salvagni noted, for example, that the Land Use Planning Act lays out a menu of possible housing strategies for towns and cities to pick from that includes changing zoning rules so duplexes can be built on lots previously reserved for singlefamily homes — even while SB 323 independently mandates that change. Furthermore, he added, the two bills define “duplex” in slightly different ways.

The judge also signaled agreement with the plaintiff ’s argument that the new laws unfairly funnel new development into neighborhoods that aren’t subject to density-limiting homeowners association covenants.

“It appears that the disparity in treatment between those protected by restrictive covenants and those not so protected, and the chaotic, uncoordinated, and arbitrary applicability requirements in these various new laws are so arbitrary and capricious and so unrelated to a legitimate governmental purpose that they likely constitute a denial of Plaintiff ’s rights to Due Process of Law,” the judge wrote.

The ruling, a preliminary injunction, represents an initial judicial decision that determines what version of the law will be in effect while the full case is litigated. It indicates that the judge believes

ADOBE STOCK PHOTO VIA MONTANA FREE PRESS

the plaintiffs have a decent chance of winning their case, but it does not represent a final decision.

unprecedented, bipartisan success on housing policy at the Legislature.”

The preliminary injunction could be appealed to the Montana Supreme Court. The office of Attorney General Austin Knudsen, which is representing the state in the case, said Tuesday that it is “reviewing the order to determine next steps.”

Kelly Lynch, executive director of the Montana League of Cities and Towns, drew a distinction in an interview between the Land Use Planning Act, which she said her organization had been working to develop for years, and the other three bills, which city governments had generally opposed as legislative mandates that they regarded as preempting local control.

The homeowners group, Montanans Against Irresponsible Densification, or MAID, describes itself as a group composed of members who live in neighborhoods “characterized by single-family homes, attractive well-maintained yards, and quiet streets.” In legal filings, the group argues that the pro-construction laws will threaten its members’ quality of life and won’t make a significant difference for Montanans who are struggling to find affordable housing.

MAID named only one member, Bozeman resident Glenn Monahan, in its initial Dec. 15 filing, but listed in a subsequent Dec. 19 filing a total of 21 members with addresses in Bozeman, Great Falls, Billings, Kalispell, Missoula, Columbia Falls and Whitefish. The additional members are Kristen and Richard Charron, Jinny and Brad Stratton, Daniel Carty, Kenneth Silvestri, Nancy Schultz, Jane Jelinski, Robert James, Karen and Gene Jarussi, Steve Berglund, Jennifer Young, John Carter, Patrick Malone, Susan and Michael Mayer, Anne Couser, Steve Barrett and Noah Poritz.

The group is represented by prominent Bozeman attorney Jim Goetz.

The lawsuit and subsequent injunction order has drawn criticism from Republican lawmakers and members of Gov. Greg Gianforte’s housing task force, which built support for legislation intended to ease Montana’s housing crisis by promoting the development of new homes. The state has seen typical home prices increase by 60% over the last four years, driving up rents and boxing out many aspiring homeowners.

“We took a very methodical approach to addressing Montana’s housing needs, passing bills to have both an immediate impact in the short term and also rewriting Montana’s land use laws for long-term reform,” Sen. Forrest Mandeville, who sponsored the Land Use Planning Act, said in a written statement. “It’s sad to see the courts are making Montana’s housing crisis even worse after

“These are really, really complicated issues — and that’s why they are best dealt with, in detail, through the community process and through local elected officials,” she said.

Lynch noted that some Montana municipalities have already adopted local ordinances intended to comply with the new laws. Others, such as Bozeman, are considering such measures.

While the Land Use Planning Act wasn’t enjoined by his order, Salvagni did endorse MAID’s criticisms of it, signaling that the law could be vulnerable to a later ruling.

The homeowners group has taken specific issue with provisions of the Land Use Planning Act intended to focus public land use debates on the policy-level conversations that produce growth plans while scaling back the number of projectspecific public hearings.

Lynch has argued that shift will make public planning more efficient and help developers know what they’ll be allowed to build before they spend money buying land.

“Once you make zoning decisions for particular sites based on what the community wanted to happen there, if the developer comes in with a proposal that fits that, why are we making them go through the wringer again?” she said Tuesday.

Salvagni, though, agreed with MAID’s argument to the contrary: “Plaintiff has established,” he wrote, “that one of the main intents behind the new measure was to cut back on public participation at the project-specific stage — i.e., the stage at which new developments most imminently threaten Montana’s [sic] living in single-family neighborhoods.”

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21 January 11 - 24, 2024

Explore Big Sky

A&E ARTS & ENTERTAINMENT

CELEBRATING GLOBAL PEACE IN BIG SKY OPHIR STUDENTS LEARN ABOUT THE IMPORTANCE OF GOODWILL IN THEIR COMMUNITY, AND THE WORLD

the students to think about what peace meant to each of them and how they can implement it in their own lives, with their families, with friends, at school, in their community and beyond.

BY LESLIE KILGORE EBS CONTRIBUTOR As Big Sky students at Ophir Elementary School recently returned to school to begin their new year, a special symbol now reminds them each day of what peace means, individually and to their entire student body.

Two years ago, fourth grade teacher Jonathan Gans read about an organization called The Peaceful Project, which builds and installs peace poles around the world.

Now, Ophir Elementary has their own peace pole, a permanent structure that Gans says represents a beacon of inspiration for the role each of us can play in bringing peace into our own lives and in our communities.

“I think that even young people in the elementary years are conscious of strife, conflict and war in the world these days,” said Gans. “News of these conflicts is inescapable, and reminders of it are everywhere. The peace pole is especially timely right now because of the serious conflicts that are occurring all over the world.”

When Gans learned about The Peaceful Project, he approached elementary school principal, Brittany Shirley and school superintendent, Dustin Shipman, about the prospect of installing a peace pole at Ophir Elementary and combining curriculum for his students

“Ophir and the whole Big Sky School district is an internationally minded program of education and international awareness,” Gans said. “Although we may not feel we can do anything to solve things everywhere, a first step is to certainly become aware of what’s occurring outside of our little community of Big Sky.” Mr. Gans talks about the importance of peace around Ophir School’s new peace pole. PHOTO BY LESLIE KILGORE

with the installation. Gans said Big Sky’s Parent Teacher Organization allocated the funds for the project and he then began implementing lessons around the meaning of peace in the world and in Big Sky. “We had a couple of brainstorming sessions about the meaning of peace in each of our lives and the kids wrote about what peace meant to them in their own experiences,” Gans said. “I was really inspired by the variety of responses and the way nine and 10-year-olds approached the meaning and value of peace.”

While Gans’ class focused on discussions and writing exercises that centered around the meaning of peace, the entire school also took part in a ceremony around the peace pole when Gans and other teachers asked

Prior to teaching in Big Sky, Gans spent many years in the Middle East as a journalist and engulfed himself in the culture and languages of that area of the world, so he knows firsthand the complexity of current issues. He said he wants to help his students understand the importance of peaceful living and a life without war and violence and plans to do more lessons with his students on the importance of global equanimity.

“My hope is that the peace pole will be a beacon of both international mindedness and international awareness,” Gans said. “And a reminder of the importance of hope and conscious action on all of our parts to do everything we can to promote peace in our lives.”

To view the peace pole, community members can visit Ophir Elementary where it will remain permanently at the entrance to the school.

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A&E

22 January 11 - 24, 2024

Explore Big Sky

BIG SKY EVENTS CALENDAR Thursday, January 11 - Wednesday, January 24

If your next event falls between Jan. 25 - Feb. 7, please submit it to media@theoutlawpartners.com by Jan. 31

THURSDAY, JAN. 11

Peer Support Drop-in Hours at Big Sky Community Food Bank, 4:30 p.m.

Train Like a Girl: Cycle Your Way to Strength BASE, 4 p.m.

WEDNESDAY, JAN. 17

SUNDAY, JAN. 21

Paint the Peak Paint n’ Sip The Wilson Hotel, 5 p.m.

Live Music: Chandler Huntley Block 3, 5-7 p.m.

All Saints in Big Sky Service Big Sky Chapel, 10 a.m.

FRIDAY, JAN. 12

Women’s Basketball BASE, 5:30 p.m.

Welcome New Seasonal Workers Lunch BASE Community Center, 12 p.m.

Trivia The Waypoint, 7 p.m.

All Levels Pickup Basketball BASE, 4 p.m.

Live Music: Bridget O’Brie Tips Up, 8 p.m.

Big Sky Christian Fellowship Service Big Sky Chapel, 4:30 p.m.

Many Happy Returns WMPAC, 8 p.m.

Live Music: Ryan Acker Block 3, 5-7 p.m.

THURSDAY, JAN. 18

MONDAY, JAN. 22

St. Joseph Mass Big Sky Chapel, 8 a.m.

Live Music: Brian Stumpf 5-7 p.m.

Open Mic Night Tips Up, 9 p.m.

All Saints in Big Sky Service Big Sky Chapel, 10 a.m.

Many Happy Returns WMPAC, 8 p.m.

All Levels Pickup Basketball BASE, 4 p.m.

FRIDAY, JAN. 19

All Levels Pickup Volleyball BASE, 6 p.m.

Live Music: Buffalo Burrow Block 3, 6-8 p.m.

SATURDAY, JAN. 13

Live Music: Old Man Ben and the Grown-Ass Men The Waypoint, 9 p.m.

DJ Moe Jazz Tips Up, 10 p.m.

Big Sky Transportation District Board Meeting Big Sky Resort Area District, 1 p.m.

SUNDAY, JAN. 14

Big Sky Christian Fellowship Service Big Sky Chapel, 4:30 p.m.

Live Music: Ryan Acker Block 3, 5-7 p.m.

MONDAY, JAN. 15

All Levels Pickup Volleyball BASE, 6 p.m.

Wednesday, Jan. 24 American Legion Annual Oratorical Contest WMPAC, 5:30 p.m.

Many Happy Returns WMPAC, 6 p.m. & 8 p.m.

Welcome New Seasonal Workers Dinner The Wilson Hotel, 6 p.m.

SATURDAY, JAN. 20

Open Mic Night Tips Up, 9 p.m.

TUESDAY, JAN. 16

Big Sky Water and Sewer District Board Meeting Big Sky Water and Sewer District, 8 a.m.

Darren Johnson Memorial Fundraiser The Waypoint, 6 p.m.

Dance Lesson with Western Roots Tips Up, 7:30 p.m.

Live Music: Taylor Burlage Block 3, 5-7 p.m.

TUESDAY, JAN. 23

Live Music: Taylor Burlage Block 3, 5-7 p.m.

Dance Lesson with Western Roots Tips Up, 7:30 p.m.

Stoneman’s Way Tips Up, 9:40 p.m.

Pickup Futsal BASE, 8 p.m.

Live Music: Lena Shiffer Block 3, 5-7 p.m.

Luck of the Draw–Auction for the Arts BASE Art Gallery, 4 p.m.

Live Music: Lena Shiffer Block 3, 5-7 p.m.

Live Music: Bravo! Big Sky Presents the Valencia Baryton Project Gallatin River Gallery, 7 p.m.

St. Joseph Mass Big Sky Chapel, 8 a.m.

Many Happy Returns WMPAC, 2 p.m. & 8 p.m.

Pickup Futsal BASE, 8 p.m.

WEDNESDAY, JAN. 24 Big Sky Fire District Board of Trustees Meeting Big Sky Water and Sewer District, 8:30 a.m.

Train Like a Girl: Dance Your Heart Out BASE, 4 p.m.

FEATURED EVENT: WELCOME NEW SEASONAL WORKERS DINNER MONDAY, JAN. 15 The Wilson Hotel, 6 p.m.

Big Sky seasonal workers can meet other seasonal workers in Big Sky, as well as local community members. The event will be at The Wilson Hotel from 6 p.m. to 7:30 p.m., will have a buffet dinner and is limited to 90 attendees. Find more information and register at https://www.visitbigsky.com/livework/seasonal-workforce-events/.

Last year’s seasonal workforce dinner.

PHOTO COURTESY OF LAURA SEYFANG

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24 January 11 - 24, 2024

Explore Big Sky

A LA CARTE

DINING

FROM MY JAPANESE PANTRY TO YOURS

BY RACHEL HERGETT EBS COLUMNIST

Last week, a friend sent me a photo of the rice aisle at Winco, seeking advice on the best choice to make rice balls. This is certainly not the first time I’ve been asked about ingredients. Giving advice on Japanese cooking is not novel in my world. Though I may not look Asian, I am very proud of and connected to that heritage. Loyal readers know I often write about Japanese food and recipes in this column. Still, I forget that not everyone has a similar multicultural upbringing.

Most did not grow up watching their Japanese grandmother in the kitchen. I, however, spent quite a bit of time with my grandparents as a kid, to the point my maternal grandmother has always thought of me as more of her child than grandchild.

Grandma Keiko, who turned 93 this week, was born and raised in Hiroshima, Japan. Though it was never her intention to leave home, she fell in love with and married an American soldier after World War II—my Grandpa Jack. She followed the naturally charismatic and handsome American to Army bases around the country before settling in Bozeman, his hometown.

a little sweet, and if cooked properly, perfectly sticky. It never disappoints.

Soy sauce: There are many options out there, but Kikkoman, “the world’s leading manufacturer of soy sauce,” is decent and easy to find. Plus, it comes in gluten free and lower sodium versions that don’t sacrifice flavor.

Rice vinegar: The grocery store staple here is Marukan. Unseasoned (the yellow and green label) is best for the pantry.

Mirin: Just One Cookbook, my first stop for new Japanese recipes, says “We use mirin to add luster, help tenderize meat/seafood, and add a distinct sweetness to dishes.” Sake is also used in cooking, though it is less sweet and has a higher alcohol content. Kikkoman’s mirin is in my cupboard.

Dashi: This is the Japanese version of stock that brings the umami flavor to so many dishes. It is often made with bonito flakes, dashi pellets, kombu (kelp) or dried shiitake mushrooms. Keep one or all on hand.

Miso paste: I tend toward the milder “white” miso in stores, and don’t actually have a favorite, though

I usually stock up when visiting larger cities with Asian markets that give me a larger variety at a much cheaper price point than what we can get around here.

Other staples: A full pantry will also have toasted sesame oil, panko, toasted seaweed, and noodles like somen, ramen and udon. In the fridge, stock ginger, green onions and tofu, as well as your normal veggies and proteins.

Sure, there are spices and pickled things that could add to your selection. There are condiments and sauces the Japanese like to keep around (like Bull Dog tonkatsu sauce). However, the staple ingredients listed are the basis of most of the condiments. I’m constantly amazed at what I can make with them.

So next time someone asks me what to keep on hand to cook Japanese food at home, I’m sending them a link to this column. I hope it helps you.

Rachel Hergett is a foodie and cook from Montana. She is arts editor emeritus at the Bozeman Daily Chronicle and has written for publications such as Food Network Magazine and Montana Quarterly. Rachel is also the host of the Magic Monday Show on KGLT-FM and teaches at Montana State University.

Grandma Keiko taught me how to make miso soup to taste, to shape steaming hot rice into perfect triangle-shaped “balls,” and to properly bread pounded pork cutlets in panko. She made (mostly vegetarian) sushi rolls, rice cakes and cold somen noodles in a ginger soy broth. She snacked on rice crackers and candies her brother sent in care packages from Japan.

For me, all this is decidedly normal. It’s not an exotic cuisine if you grew up on the stuff. However, my mom tells me the food of her youth was much different than I experienced, even if much of it came from Grandma Keiko’s kitchen. Why? Access to ingredients.

It has always been hard to find the ingredients I want or need in Bozeman, even harder in Big Sky. Now imagine Montana of the ’60s and ’70s. They were lucky to be able to get sticky rice, let alone have options available in the stores. Finding the ingredients is easier today, but we are made picky or stifled by choice. Do you trust the limited options in the grocery store? Scour online shops? The whole process can be daunting.

Cooks usually keep a pantry of staple ingredients, allowing us to make a variety of dishes with ingredients on hand. But what do you keep on hand if you want to cook Japanese food? Let’s dig into some staples.

Rice: Everyone in my family seems to gravitate toward Kokuho Rose (one of my aunts even has a scheduled monthly delivery to make sure grandma’s rice supply never runs out). Kokuho Rose is a California-grown medium-grain rice. It’s mild,

A refrigerated case at Uwajimaya Asian market in Seattle holds nothing but miso paste. Montanans are not blessed with so much choice.

PHOTO BY RACHEL HERGETT

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1 6 C U T T H R O AT TROUT PLACE L I S T E D AT $ 2 , 8 0 0 , 0 0 0

Discover this extensively renovated Big Sky home in the Southfork subdivision. Explore nearby cross-country ski trails and fat bike trails during the winter months, while summer invites you to indulge in mountain biking, hiking, farmer’s markets, and summer concert series, all conveniently accessible from your doorstep.

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Recently renovated home featuring a new kitchen with modern appliances and cabinetry, updated bathrooms, new paint and light fixtures, and living room refresh with custom fireplace and flooring

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LEGACY, THROUGH LIFESTYLE AND CONNECTION

F E AT U R E D B I G S K Y LISTINGS

BLACK EAGLE LOOKOUT L I S T E D AT $ 4 , 5 9 5 , 0 0 0

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4 bedrooms and 3.5 baths across three different levels allows you to sleep 12 comfortably

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Over 3,200 square feet gives plenty of space for family and friends

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This turn-key, fully furnished Black Eagle Lodge is located just steps away from all of the vibrancy of Big Sky Resort Mountain Village, with ski access via the Poma

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A large living room with soaring 20ft. vaulted ceilings, a central wood burning fireplace, large dining table and open kitchen

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WWW.OUTLAW.REALTY | 406.995.2404

28 January 11 - 24, 2024

Explore Big Sky

BUSINESS MAKING IT IN BIG SKY: BUFFALO RESTORATION

EBS STAFF Buffalo Restoration was founded in 1991 from an observation of need in the community. What started as a paint company by founders Ben and Gail Yanker, today is a full service restoration company, tackling mold, water and fire damage to commercial and residential properties, as well as extensive cleaning and pest removal. Explore Big Sky talked to Director of Marketing Calvin Wescom, who views Buffalo the company—much like the animal it is named for—as a long-standing symbol of resilience and community in the West.

This series is part of a paid partnership with the Big Sky Chamber of Commerce. The following answers have been edited for brevity.

Explore Big Sky: Tell me about Buffalo Restoration—do you know any of the history as to how Buffalo Restoration came to be?

Calvin Wescom: Buffalo Restoration was founded in 1991 by Ben and Gail Yanker. Ben and Gail had a local painting company (Buffalo Painting), but saw a community need for restoration in Gallatin County and thus, Buffalo Restoration came to be.

We see the Buffalo as a long-standing symbol of resilience and community in the West.

EBS: When did you guys open in the region and specifically start serving the Big Sky area?

CW: Buffalo Restoration has serviced the Big Sky community for the last 25 years and we acquired the restoration side of Anderson Enterprises in 2016.

EBS: Tell me about the different services you offer: CW: Absolutely, some of our services include water and mold mitigation. We also have a full-service cleaning center that allows us to clean contents from fire and smoke damage. Our specialty cleaning services are duct/drier vents, carpet and upholstery, forensic cleaning services, cigarette smoke deodorization, insulation extraction, crawl space encapsulation and bed bug removal. In terms of the restoration industry, we are one of the few restoration companies that offer such a wide range of services.

The Buffalo Restoration “herd” outside of their Bozeman office. PHOTO COURTESY OF BUFFALO RESTORATION

EBS: What kind of work do you do most in Big Sky? CW: As a full service, 24/7, 365-day restoration firm, a lot of our work in Big Sky is emergency services such as responding to water and fire damage.

EBS: With about three decades of experience, you have probably seen a lot of change in the valley— how has Buffalo Restoration adapted to serve a growing community?

CW: That is a great question, the herd has grown significantly, not just in size but also in professional development. We understand and know that not everything is clear, cut, and dry when serving others and making it feel like home again. We provide custom solutions because we know that not everything is the same, and that our customers have different factors in their life that drive their decision making. Our team is motivated to continue to grow

with the Big Sky community and continually bring value for our customers through how we speak and act while delivering industry best practices.

EBS: I thought it was interesting you have a donation program on your site—is this a way Buffalo Restoration often gives back to the community?

CW: Yes, it is a way to give back to the many charitable organizations within the community that we serve.

EBS: What else should we know about your business and your team?

CW: We value the importance of having fun while getting things done!

EBS: What is the best business advice you’ve ever received?

CW: Build consistency through clearly communicating repeatable business processes.

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ALL INFORMATION PROVIDED IS DEEMED RELIABLE BUT IS NOT GUARANTEED AND SHOULD BE INDEPENDENTLY VERIFIED. INFORMATION AND DEPICTIONS ARE SUBJECT TO ERRORS, OMISSIONS, PRIOR SALES, PRICE CHANGES OR WITHDRAWAL WITHOUT NOTICE. NO GOVERNMENTAL AGENCY HAS JUDGED THE MERITS OR VALUE, IF ANY, OF THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS ADVERTISEMENT OR ANY REAL ESTATE DESCRIBED OR DEPICTED HEREIN. THIS MATERIAL SHALL NOT CONSTITUTE AN OFFER TO SELL IN ANY STATE OR OTHER JURISDICTION WHERE PRIOR REGISTRATION IS REQUIRED OR WHERE SUCH AN OFFER WOULD BE PROHIBITED, AND THIS SHALL NOT CONSTITUTE A SOLICITATION IF YOU ARE WORKING WITH ANOTHER REAL ESTATE AGENT. NOTHING HEREIN SHALL BE CONSTRUED AS LEGAL, TAX, ACCOUNTING, OR OTHER PROFESSIONAL ADVICE.

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WWW.OUTLAW.REALTY | 406.995.2404

32 January 11 - 24, 2024

Explore Big Sky

ENVIRONMENT

DISPATCHES FROM THE WILD: GRASSLAND SURVIVAL

THE IMPORTANCE OF REGENERATIVE RANCHING TO SAVE GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEMS

BY BENJAMIN ALVA POLLEY EBS COLUMNIST

An hour and a half east of Great Falls lies the O’Connor Ranch in an isolated high-elevation valley, tucked in on the far side by the Highwood Mountains. Like a tawny-brown and ashen-green quilt, this rolling grassland is hemmed in by aspens and cottonwood galleries, edged with conifer forests of Douglas firs and limber pines, with a diversity of shrubs woven throughout its grassland tapestry.

Their land spans from 4,500 to 6,000 feet above sea level, from sprawling grasslands to high mountains, covering many diverse ecotones. It is home to 200 head of pure Aberdeen Angus cattle, horses, elk, black bears, coyotes, deer, mountain lions, mountain goats, occasional moose, and two grizzlies reported in the Highwoods as of this year. Hawks, harriers, golden and bald eagles, falcons, owls, sandhill cranes, Hungarian partridges, sharp-tailed grouse,

ruff grouse, bobolinks and gray-crowned rosy finches are just a few of the 100 bird species calling this home as seasonal or full-year residents.

Grasslands are the last vestiges of many species.

Globally, grasslands and the species that depend on their health are disappearing at alarming rates. Fortunately, the Audubon Society has a Conservation Ranching Initiative that partners with ranchers like the O’Connors to help protect troubled ecosystems. Ranchers play a vital role in restoring this necessary biome by practicing regenerative grazing.

Historically, grasslands covered 30-40% of the Earth. Grasslands are the least protected, most modified, and most endangered biome globally.

Eight percent of grasslands remain in the world, but only 1% of native prairie remains in North America, and Montana has some of the most extensive contiguous sections throughout the United States. Grasslands aren’t just grass but are made up of many interlocking and interdependent relationships, including cattle and, of course, 30 million bison before them, roaming, grazing,

and fertilizing the land with their manure, composting it with their movements over vast swaths, improving soil health, sequestering carbon, accelerating photosynthesis and boosting biodiversity.

“There’s a huge spectrum of benefits to grasslands that cattle are still able, if managed properly, to help conserve and protect threatened ecosystems,” says author, conservationist, and rancher Lynne Spriggs O’Connor over the phone.

The O’Connors are ranchers who partnered with the Audubon Society as part of the Conservation Ranching Initiative. Audubon created this initiative after recognizing that over the last half-century, grassland birds have suffered an unparalleled decline resulting from grasslands being plowed for agriculture, disturbed for oil and gas exploration, and developed due to suburban sprawl. Audubon strives to counter the negative impacts of grassland habitat and biodiversity loss by encouraging ranchers to protect grasslands in several ways, including education and financial incentives to those who practice good stewardship,

The O’Connor Ranch near Great Falls implements regenerative practices to preserve the least protected, most modified and most endangered biome globally: grasslands. COURTESY OF LYNNE SPRIGGS O’CONNOR

33 January 11 - 24, 2024

ENVIRONMENT

Explore Big Sky

COURTESY OF LYNNE SPRIGGS O’CONNOR

with new options for labeling and certifying their beef products. This market-friendly conservation approach will enable consumers to contribute to grassland conservation efforts by purchasing beef from Audubon-certified ranches. The meat is not only sustainably raised but also benefits and conserves wildlife habitat for songbirds and many other species, reminding me of one of Montana’s infamous bumper stickers, “Cows not Condos.”

Lynne’s husband, Harrison, first purchased this land in 1990. This little piece of paradise is part of a larger area of Montana cattle country that includes vast expanses of old-growth grasslands, places where a diversity of native grasses have never been plowed.

Lynne, a museum curator, left city life behind and moved to rural Montana in 2003. Upon meeting Harrison, she found herself suddenly “alone” on an isolated ranch with her dog and an unusual man, hundreds of nomadic elk, a herd of cattle, horses, and all sorts of birds. She wrote the story of this transformative time in her life—“Elk Love: A Montana Memoir” will be released in June.

The memoir describes the wonder of her earliest experiences listening in nature to unfamiliar languages and stepping into rare and inspiring intimacies.

When she began her new life in Montana, for instance, she thought of grass as little more than what is typically found in a city yard, mowed regularly, sprayed and kept clean.

“After moving here, grasslands came alive for me in various ways,” Lynne says. “Moving through high native grasses while hunting with dogs, I began to learn how deeply interrelated everything is, how many species depend on grasslands for their survival, how grasslands provide everything—food, water, shelter—and at the same time, how these same grasslands and every living thing that depends on them are threatened.”

Forests, shrubs and even wetlands are often components of grasslands, marking the edges in folds, natural draws, and coulees across the landscape like a quilt, attracting notable species to

these edges or ecotones between biomes.

“I came to admire the brilliance of different ecosystems in nature, appreciating how they are tied to one another, which [also] turns out to be vital for specific species; the edges are so interesting. Shrubs within our grasslands are also crucial in terms of bird habitat as they produce berries that sustain them, provide safe cover and good nesting places, and hold moisture by capturing snow that is then gradually released back to the grass,” she says.

Working the land with conservation in mind Audubon’s Conservation Ranching Initiative unites private landowners, farmers and ranchers who care about the health of both their livestock and wild birds and are invested in caring about the bottom line: soil and grass health. Audubon is building a network of ranches to help private landowners become better stewards. This initiative requires ranchers to practice rotational grazing, where ranchers don’t wear down or impact the land too much.

“Rotational grazing has to do with a seasonal sensitivity to the tenderness of things—early new spring grasses require much shorter grazing periods than mid-summer grasses, while longer grazing cycles can occur in the fall in pastures of long-cured grasses,” Lynne explains.

The O’Connors’ first step to implementing rotational grazing was mapping all their valley’s pastures, looking at the different cycles throughout the year—when bulls are allowed to be with cows to breed and when to be separated, for example— matching that with how many cattle can graze a certain acreage and not overwork the land.

They also examined the weather and how much moisture is in the soil at any given time. Cattle can do considerable damage to land that is too wet, so good ranchers keep the hooves on the move by sanctioning them off certain areas at certain times of the year.

Rotational grazing increases soil fertility, reduces impacts on root systems, creates more grass, and boosts pasture productivity by allowing time for the land and grass to rest and bounce back after grazing intervals. It also encourages the land to

be more drought-resistant. Regenerative grazing requires consistent animal monitoring to see how long cattle and horses remain on specific parcels of land, allowing the animals to graze consistently but moving them around.

The O’Connors mix biochar in the cattle feed during winter to improve digestive health and help sequester carbon by reducing methane. They don’t use pesticides on the property, which helps encourage dung beetles. Dung beetles break down the carbon in cow patties, which enriches the soil, and many birds, like grouse, feed on the beetles.

Dung beetles seek out the nitrogen in feces that helps build proteins and muscles in the insects’ bodies. The O’Connors also provide their cattle seaweed from an Icelandic mineral mix, which enhances immunity, boosts meat quality, helps increase weight gain and reduces stress associated with weaning.

“There are so few relatively pristine environments left,” Lynne says. “There’s a lot of work to be done that requires growing awareness. The most important thing I’ve learned is coming to truly care.

That happened when I slowed down and spent time listening and observing in nature. Curiosity led me to remarkable experiences of wonder and gratitude—the kinds of unimagined experiences that change everything.”

The O’Connor Ranch was a perfect candidate for Audubon’s Conservation Ranching Initiative because they were already employing many of the requirements needed to protect one of the most endangered ecosystems on the planet. Suppose you are a rancher or farmer who wants to get involved and learn more. Visit audubon.org/audubonconservation-ranching.

Benjamin Alva Polley is a place-based storyteller with stories published in Outside, Adventure Journal, Popular Science, Field & Stream, Esquire, Sierra, Audubon, Earth Island Journal, Modern Huntsman, and other publications at his website www.benjaminpolley.com/stories. He holds a master’s in Environmental Science and Natural Resource Journalism from the University of Montana.

34 January 11 - 24, 2024

ENVIRONMENT

Explore Big Sky

LOCAL KNOWLEDGE GHOST TREES

BY PAUL SWENSON EBS COLUMNIST

Near the top of the Swift Current lift at Big Sky Resort, the majority of the trees in the forest are dead.

There is a transition around 8,400 feet of elevation to where the whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) becomes the more populous tree and what has happened to this tree over the last several decades is a harbinger of things to come.

If you have been skiing here since the mid-1970s and have pictures from the top of the gondola or the base of the triple chair, you will see most of these trees were alive for the first 15 years of Big Sky Resort’s existence. Then as you shuffle through your memory or photos into the ‘80s then ‘90s you start to see the whitebark’s needles starting to turn red and the trees starting to die off. This trend continues over the next 10 years or so until the early 2000s when most of today’s dead trees died off.

What was the cause and what happens next?

There are a myriad of factors that have gone into the demise of the whitebark pine: Drought, beetles, fungus, competing species and a warming climate.

Let’s start with drought.

Stand of mostly dead whitebark pine. PHOTO BY PAUL SWENSON

Comparing snowpack water equivalents and summer precipitation amounts from 1960-1985 with the same data from 1986-2011, there is a striking difference. Throughout the Rocky Mountains of Montana, Wyoming and Colorado, themore recent span, as seen on the USDA Cumulative Drought Severity Index, shows drastic increases in drought severity and extent. This affects pine trees and their natural defense against wood-boring beetles. During a normal water year, a pine tree is able to fend off invading beetles by exuding sap into their boreholes, which pushes the beetles out before they have a chance to lay eggs.

But during a drought, the trees cannot produce the quality sap needed for this defense, and a beetle infestation occurs.

At the same time, a fungus called white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola) takes advantage of the drought-stressed trees. This fungus matures and spreads its spores from mid-August to September.

The spores infect the trees most efficiently during periods of higher humidity in the fall that follows a dry summer. Spores land on the needles and enter through their stomata, the opening in the leaves of a tree. The fungus then grows down the needle into the bark of the tree where it spreads and kills the tree in about two to four years. Blister rust is a fungus that was accidentally introduced with Eastern Whitebark pine seedlings from Germany or France around 1900. From there it has spread across the entire North American continent.

In addition to, or a cause of, increasing drought in the West, rising temperatures have a whole host of effects on the whitebark pine and its survival.

This tree thrives just below the tree line, a place of extreme conditions. The growing season is short, and temperatures are very cold in the winter

beetles, fungus and climate change. You can find these trees in the middle of devastated forests around Lone Mountain, the Spanish Peaks, and other alpine environments in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Foresters can harvest the seeds from these pinecones and find locations to plant seedlings at higher elevations, or in protected areas that will not be developed.

There is also the “Johnny Appleseed” of the alpine environment. Perhaps the savior of the whitebark pine. It is the Clark’s nutcracker.

Top: Clark’s nutcracker. Bottom: Whitebark pinecone (right, four inches) compared to Douglas fir cone (two inches long).

PHOTOS BY PAUL SWENSON

with lots of snow and wind. These pines evolved into this niche and until recently, did not have much competition. But with a warming climate, other faster-growing tree species like subalpine fir, juniper, and limber pine are outcompeting the whitebark and invading its high elevation niche.

The whitebark pine can seed itself into higher elevations, but that takes a very long time.

So is there some good news? Of course. Like any species, there are genetic variations within a population that have survived the onslaught of

There is a mutualistic dependance between the whitebark pine and the nutcracker. The pinecones of these trees have a very difficult time opening on their own and spreading seeds. Therefore, the tree depends on the bird to break open the pinecone and disperse the seeds. In a single summer, the Clark’s nutcracker will harvest thousands of pinenuts and cache them throughout its range. Sometimes these seeds are transported miles away from the host trees. The birds cache seeds underground and many will be abandoned or forgotten, giving the seeds the opportunity to germinate and grow, perhaps starting a new grove of hardy, resistant pines at the right location for survival.

With greater awareness and support from people, the whitebark pine might not be doomed. As resistant trees outlast the many dying whitebarks, Clark’s nutcracker will play a key role as the species looks to turn over a new leaf—or pinecone.

Paul Swenson has been living in and around the Big Sky area since 1966. He is a retired science teacher, fishing guide, Yellowstone guide and naturalist. Also an artist and photographer, Swenson focuses on the intricacies found in nature.

ENVIRONMENT

35 January 11 - 24, 2024

Explore Big Sky

EVERY DROP COUNTS: HERE’S TO A YEAR FILLED WITH WATER CONSERVATION A MONTH-BY-MONTH OUTLINE FOR CONSERVING AND PROTECTING BIG SKY’S WATER RESOURCES IN 2024

The Gallatin River Task Force brought local fourth graders across the street to the Gallatin River for water quality monitoring this fall. PHOTO BY DAVE PECUNIES

BY MARNE HAYES EBS COLUMNIST

With the new year comes opportunities to commit to all sorts of resolutions. Better health, more adventure, kindness and patience, home improvement, mindfulness and more intentional practices—focusing on things we want to improve or take better care of seems to be the common theme. Taking better care of and being more mindful of our water should be right in there for 2024.

Water is a shared public resource, and while it may not be one we take entirely for granted, it is one that we rely on in ways that sometimes allow us to be complacent in how we treat the resource and its sources. Our water use affects other users in our shared watershed and it affects the water that feeds the Gallatin River. Especially in conditions like we are experiencing now, where our natural sources of water in the form of snow are at an unprecedented low, an extra dose of mindfulness is in order.

In 2024, we encourage you to take the opportunity to uphold your own intentions and commitments to conserving and protecting both our community water, and the sources that ultimately feed the Gallatin.

But how and where do you start?

There are big and small ways to contribute to the conservation of a community water resource, and our friends at the Environmental Protection Agency have for many years rolled out the I’m For Water Pledge outlining how to save water in our own communities and homes.

Water conservation isn’t just important in the months seeing high uses from things like irrigation.

Water saved now means more water in times of drought. Conservation should have a place in our habits year-round, so come drought or scarcity, we’re already in the practice of doing what we can to protect our river and our water resources.

Here are some simple things to think about throughout the year to stay on top of water savings.

Committing to water conservation goes a long way, and the Gallatin River Task Force’s work for the river extends from our science-specific projects and programs to our everyday practices of doing what is right to protect the Gallatin. To do your part: January: Commit to year-long water savings and become more familiar with how much water you actually use each month.

February: Look for ways to upgrade fixtures and appliances to water-wise models, or consider our rebate program that incentivizes improvements.

March: Participate in and become familiar with the opportunities to save water during Fix-A-Leak Week, a national EPA campaign. Take advantage of local Fix-A-Leak-Week events hosted by the Gallatin River Task Force to learn where your home or office can use water more efficiently.

April: Take an early look at your outdoor irrigation system, or your typical summer watering schedule, and make upgrades that will help you conserve.

Schedule an irrigation audit with a local landscaper to make sure your system is free of leaks and blockages.

May: Get a jumpstart on your landscaping plan and learn what plants and systems are most suitable for our climate and temperate zone.

June: Take advantage of early summer precipitation by catching stormwater for summer watering needs by utilizing permeable materials in your landscape like pebbles, rocks, gravel and mulch which capture water and help soils retain moisture.

July: Pay attention to summer irrigation restrictions and adjust your home and commercial watering schedule accordingly. Consider installing a weatherbased smart controller (then apply for a GRTF rebate) to prevent over-watering.

August: Check the Gallatin River Task Force Drought Dashboard to see what you can do to help address seasonally dry conditions and be prepared for water restrictions.

September: Pick ways to conserve water in your everyday routine; turn off faucets while brushing teeth, fill laundry loads to capacity and don’t run a kitchen faucet to do dishes.

October: Engage in Energy Awareness Month and learn tips and tricks to collectively save energy, water and money for your home or office.

November: Test home appliances for efficiencies or leaks; replace toilet flappers or shower heads that may be inefficient.

December: Ring in the new year by making an ongoing commitment to water conservation; take the pledge #FortheRiver.

The tasks are small, but the collective impact is big, and we hope you’ll find your own ways to commit to using water more efficiently in the new year.

Here’s to a prosperous and water-wise 2024.

Marne Hayes is the communications manager for the Gallatin River Task Force.

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©2023 BHH Affiliates, LLC. An independently owned and operated franchisee of BHH Affiliates, LLC. Berkshire Hathaway HomeServices and the Berkshire Hathaway HomeServices symbol are registered service marks of Columbia Insurance Company, a Berkshire Hathaway affiliate. Equal Housing Opportunity.

40 January 11 - 24, 2024

Explore Big Sky

HEALTH

HEALTH BUZZ: OPTIMIZE GUT HEALTH THREE PRACTICAL STEPS TO SUPPORT OVERALL HEALTH

Chewing 20 to 30 times Chewing increases production of saliva which contains epithelial growth factor, a polypeptide that stimulates growth and repair of epithelial tissue. This means that thoroughly chewing your food supports the integrity of the intestinal lining and nourishes the gut. Chewing your food at least 30 times also forces you to slow down. This brings us to be more mindful as we eat and allows us to savor our food and conversation with tablemates.

BY KALEY BURNS EBS COLUMNIST “Gut health” is now accepted as the catch-all term for our digestive system. The masterminds behind our digestive process include a variety of enzymes, immune cells, neurotransmitters and a multitude of bacteria. Plus, virtually every other cell and organ is connected to our gut, making the overall health of our brain, cardiovascular system, and immune system significantly reliant on our digestive wellbeing.

The digestive process involves everything between consumption of food and elimination. There are necessary steps for breaking down, absorbing, transporting and eliminating what we consume. Our genetics, environment, nutrition routine, and mind all contribute to our gut health. While there are aspects of digestion that may be impacted by genetics, more often than not, digestive issues arrive from factors within our control; mainly what we eat and our stress load.

Most of us have experienced one or more of the symptoms of a suboptimal digestive system, from gas and bloating to indigestion, constipation and diarrhea.

But there are other indirect and less obvious outcomes such as fatigue, mood swings and skin concerns that are reflective of our gut health.

ADOBE STOCK PHOTO

Three simple but powerful things can support better gut health.

Stress management Stress aggravates our immune response, which can do some significant damage to our gut lining. Over time the weakening of our intestinal lining causes this integral boundary to act more like a sieve. You may have heard of this intestinal permeability referred to as “leaky gut”.

When there are significant gaps in our intestinal lining, the whole body is impacted.

Gut balance also has a profound effect on the brain.

More than 90% of our serotonin, the hormone that makes us feel happy, is produced in the gut. Food cravings often originate from this connection. This is why psychological stress can negatively affect our digestive health, causing inflammation and emotional eating.

After-meal walk Studies have shown that a simple two- to 15-minute walk after a meal can not only regulate blood sugar but can also support digestion. A post-meal walk can help your food move through you more quickly, which aids in reducing bloating and indigestion. Frequency is more important than the duration. It’s better to take three five- to 10-minute walks per day than one 30-minute walk.

We are still learning the many ways a healthy gut optimizes our overall wellness. If you have a “gut feeling” related to your health, talk to your provider and start improving your body’s wellness.

Dr. Kaley Burns is a licensed Naturopathic Physician providing a wide range of services for her clients, including: Naturopathic Medicine, IV Nutrient Therapy, Regenerative Injections, Rejuvenation Therapies, Vitamin Shots, and Nutrition Counseling. She embraces a natural approach to health and aims to similarly inspire and guide others on their health journey.

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41 January 11 - 24, 2024

Explore Big Sky

SALTY SCIENCE FROM LMNT

GET DIZZY STANDING UP? HOW TO MANAGE ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION

BY ROBB WOLF

•

EBS CONTRIBUTOR

This article was republished with permission from LMNT. LMNT is a client of Outlaw Partners, publisher of Explore Big Sky. About one in five adults over the age of 60 have orthostatic hypotension. To be clear, this is an entirely different condition than postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome. For folks with orthostatic hypotension, standing up does not cause rapid heartbeat (tachycardia), but it does cause a rapid and temporary drop in blood pressure (hypotension).

The root of orthostatic hypotension typically relates to an issue with the nervous system. When someone stands up, blood briefly pools in the lower half of the body. The nervous system is meant to quickly intervene to shuttle blood back to the brain, but in this case it’s a bit late to the race. Lightheadedness, dizziness, and even fainting can follow, leading to increased fall risk—and falls can be a big deal for older adults.

Untangling the causes of orthostatic hypotension can be tricky, since causes can range from neurodegeneration and cardiovascular disease to drug side effects.

But thankfully, management is oftentimes more straightforward. For example, proper hydration with fluids and sodium increases blood volume, which is one way to help keep blood pressure stable.

I’ll cover other natural treatments for orthostatic hypotension as well as pharmacologic options in this article. First, though, let’s define the condition.

What Is Orthostatic Hypotension?

When someone has orthostatic hypotension, their blood pressure drops after standing up from a sitting or lying position. Specifically, within 3 minutes their blood pressure drops by a minimum:

The tilt table test (strap the patient to a horizontal table and tilt them upright 60 degrees)

In both tests, medical professionals monitor for a significant drop in blood pressure (and patient-reported symptoms) over the following three minutes, and longer for changes in heart rate. These tests also help eliminate conditions that mimic orthostatic hypotension. For example, if the patient’s heart rate increases by at least 30 bpm on the tilt table, that’s potentially indicative of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS). But if heart rate decreases as blood pressure falls after 10 minutes, it may be a condition called neuro-cardiogenic syncope, a fainting spell that occurs when the body overreacts to certain triggers, like intense emotion, the sight of blood, extreme heat, dehydration, a long period of standing or intense pain.

A good clinician will examine the whole picture: blood pressure, symptoms, medical history, and risk factors such as age, medications, and more. Beyond diagnosis, they’ll also want to investigate what’s causing the orthostatic hypotension itself.

What causes Orthostatic Hypotension?

When you stand up, blood pools in the lower half of your body (think inertia—though your body moves, your blood stays closer to where it was for a moment).

Consequently, a part of the sympathetic nervous system called the baroreceptor reflex (the body’s reaction to a change in pressure) kicks in to return blood to the upper half of your body. As a result, the heart pumps more powerfully, veins constrict, blood pressure normalizes, and voila: you don’t get dizzy.

But with orthostatic hypotension, a link in this chain of events is often broken. It could be a neurological break in the nervous system (like an impaired baroreceptor reflex), low blood volume (common for endurance athletes), or a heart issue which hinders the transport of blood to your brain. It could also be the side effect of certain medications.

One common sense approach is to avoid sudden transitions to the standing position. Instead of leaping up off the couch or out of bed, sit poised for a few moments to give your baroreceptor reflex time to activate. Elevating your head also reduces the risk of dizziness upon rising. Other simple strategies to stave off blood vessel constrictions include routine low-level exercise, limiting alcohol, avoiding tensing-up, and not crossing your legs immediately upon standing.

There’s also evidence that extremity compression mitigates orthostatic hypotension. In one controlled study of 21 older adults with orthostatic hypotension, compression bandages around the abdomen AND legs led to significantly fewer incidences of low blood pressure after a tilt table test.

The last orthostatic hypotension treatment option I’ll cover is hydration. For starters, it’s well-publicized that dehydration (low net body water) can cause dizziness and low blood pressure—so hydrating effectively can help alleviate symptoms of orthostatic hypotension. In one study, people with orthostatic hypotension drank about 16 ounces of water. After 35 minutes, their standing systolic blood pressure increased from 83 mmHG to 114 mmHG. Few people realize the crucial role sodium plays in determining blood volume. “Many patients who have inadequate control of [orthostatic hypotension] have an inadequate salt intake,” state the authors of one review paper. We need more rigorous investigation into the effectiveness of sodium in treating orthostatic hypotension, but the current data suggest that higher salt intakes improve the condition.

My evidence-based recommendation is for folks to get 4–6 grams of sodium per day as a baseline. If you can’t get it through diet alone, use an electrolyte drink like LMNT to bump up your salt status.

Pharmacology for Orthostatic Hypotension

With this in mind, the primary causes of orthostatic hypotension make sense. These include:

If holistic strategies don’t improve your condition, your doctor may recommend pharmacology. The main drugs to treat orthostatic hypotension include:

20 mmHg systolic (when the heart muscle contracts and pumps blood from the chambers into the arteries)

•

•

Fludrocortisone, a type of steroid that increases sodium retention and remains a first-line therapy.

OR 10 mmHg diastolic (when the heart muscle relaxes and allows the chambers to fill with blood)

•

As blood pressure drops, blood pools in the lower extremities away from the brain. Common symptoms include dizziness, loss of balance, lightheadedness, and fainting.

•

Low blood volume (hypovolemia) due to dehydration, low sodium status, low iron, or high blood sugar Cardiovascular diseases that affect heart function

•

Midodrine, a blood pressure medication that raises standing systolic blood pressure, but whose 1996 FDA approval has been under review due to efficacy concerns.

•

Lack of physical conditioning

•

•

Alcohol consumption (alcohol inhibits the constriction of blood vessels)

Pyridostigmine, a muscle strengthener that stimulates the nervous system, kickstarting the baroreceptor reflex in folks with orthostatic hypotension.

•

Medications such as blood pressure-lowering drugs, SSRIs (antidepressants), beta-blockers, and diuretics that can cause dehydration

•

•

Less common symptoms include blurred vision, trouble concentrating, weakness or fatigue, chest pain, pain in the lower extremities, headache, or shortness of breath.

Consequently, many of these symptoms increase fall risk, a formidable cause of mortality in older folks.

Orthostatic hypotension is also associated with a higher risk of cardiac and cerebrovascular conditions (like heart attack, stroke, atrial fibrillation), though it’s hard to pinpoint what causes what.

Orthostatic Hypotension diagnosis There are two main tests for orthostatic hypotension: •

Have the patient move from lying down to standing (at a normal pace).

Neurodegenerative conditions such as Parkinson’s disease or peripheral neuropathy due to diabetes, vitamin B12 deficiency, or amyloidosis

Keep in mind, however, that these medications come with side effects. [Queue the Big Pharma TV commercial rattling off a long list of afflictions while a gleeful geriatric plays with grandkids.]

On the last bullet point, many people over 60 take a cocktail of pharmaceuticals. The adverse effects of these drugs are a good place to look for causes of sitto-stand drops in blood pressure.

Personally, I’d start with exercise, sodium, compression and other natural methods to treat your symptoms.

Then move on to more aggressive treatments, such as pharmacology, if your situation ensues.

Managing Orthostatic Hypotension naturally

This article was republished with permission from LMNT. LMNT is a client of Outlaw Partners, publisher of Explore Big Sky. You can learn more about LMNT at science.drinklmnt.com

After ruling out drug side effects, you have several options for treating orthostatic hypotension. I suggest starting with the low-risk, holistic choices before addressing pharmacologically.

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All businesses operating in Big Sky are required to register with the Big Sky Resort Area District (BSRAD) and registration must be renewed on a yearly basis.

Deadline for renewal was December 31 If you plan to do business anytime during the upcoming year, whether you collect Resort Tax or not, please make sure you’re registered now. Registration is free.

BUSINESS REGISTRATION FAQS WHAT IS RESORT TAX?

Resort Tax is a local sales tax on luxury goods and services. It helps fund critical public services and infrastructure that would otherwise appear on property tax bills.

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If you have a question about taxable items, please refer to Ordinance 98-01 on our website or reach out to District staff.

Yes, all businesses are required to renew their registration each year. Simply log in to your MuniRevs account and answer a couple quick questions.

The deadline for existing businesses who plan to operate in the District in 2024 was December 31.

New businesses should register prior to opening.

WHICH BUSINESSES NEED TO REGISTER? ALL businesses operating in the District must register each year. These include, but are not limited to: • • • • • • • • • • • •

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While every business must register with the District, not every business is required to collect resort tax. Taxable items are goods and services that are not considered ‘Necessities of Life,’ including but not limited to lodging, prepared food, recreational activities, and souvenirs.

WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO OPERATE IN THE DISTRICT? Businesses ‘do business’ differently. All businesses located in Big Sky need to register. Additionally, if you’re based outside of the boundary, but you or an employee/ contractor come into the District to provide a good or service, you are required to register and may be responsible to collect Resort Tax. If your business will not be operating in 2024,, please contact the District office to close your account.

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