Peanut Grower July 2021

The

PEANUTGROWER ONE GROWER PUBLISHING, LLC

JULY 2021

THE PEANUT PRODUCER'S MARKETING & PRODUCTION MAGAZINE www.peanutgrower.com

Proper Digger Setup Reduces Yield Loss

What’s Lurking In The Field?

Moving Into The Missouri Bootheel Well Wishes For North Carolina Leader

For the first time ever, early introduction of peanut foods is being promoted in the new

Through the National Peanut Board, America’s peanut farmers have allocated more than $35 million to food allergy research, outreach and education.

Visit preventpeanutallergies.org and dietaryguidelines.gov for more details on early introduction.

The

JULY 2021

PEANUTGROWER ONE GROWER PUBLISHING, LLC

JULY 2021

THE PEANUT PRODUCER'S MARKETING & PRODUCTION MAGAZINE www.peanutgrower.com

Volume 33 • Number 7

Proper Digger Setup Reduces Yield Loss

What’s Lurking In The Field?

Moving Into The Missouri Bootheel Well Wishes For North Carolina Leader

Departments 4

Editor’s Note Taking a shot at TSWV

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News Briefs New grading system not meeting goals

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Market Watch Quiet start to 2021 season

16 New Products New planter technology from Case IH 20 Peanut Pointers There’s still time to check for nodulation

12 Features 10

Thank You, Bob Friends and co-workers share well wishes for retiring North Carolina peanut leader, Bob Sutter.

12 What’s Lurking In The Field?

A late-season foe came early in 2021, and a new miticide looks promising for control.

Stay Connected 14

Harvest Preparations Reduce yield loss at digging with proper equipment setup and maintenance.

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Show Me The Peanuts The Missouri Bootheel is getting its first buying point, shelling and blanching facility.

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Cover photo by Amanda Huber JULY 2021 • THE PEANUT GROWER /

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EDITORIAL/PRODUCTION Editor Amanda Huber ahuber@onegrower.com Copy Editor Vicky Boyd vlboyd@onegrower.com Art Director Ashley Kumpe

ADMINISTRATION Publisher/Vice President Lia Guthrie (901) 497-3689 lguthrie@onegrower.com Associate Publisher Carroll Smith (901) 326-4443 Sales Manager Scott Emerson (386) 462-1532 semerson@onegrower.com Audience Services Kate Thomas (847) 559-7514 Production Manager Kathy Killingsworth (901) 767-4020 kkillingsworth@onegrower.com For subscription changes or change of address, call (847) 559-7578 or email peanutgrower@omeda.com

EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD Scott Monfort Extension Agronomist University of Georgia Dell Cotton Peanut Growers Cooperative Marketing Assn., Franklin, VA Kris Balkcom Agri-Program Associate Auburn University Dan Anco Extension Peanut Specialist Clemson University

Emi Kimura Extension Agronomist Texas A&M University David Jordan Extension Agronomist North Carolina State University Glen Harris Extension Agronomist University of Georgia Jason Ferrell Extension Weed Specialist University of Florida

ONE GROWER PUBLISHING, LLC Mike Lamensdorf PRESIDENT/TREASURER Lia Guthrie PUBLISHER/VICE PRESIDENT The Peanut Grower (ISSN 1042-9379) is an agribusiness magazine for U.S. peanut producers. Published in eight monthly issues, January through July and November. Annual subscriptions are $40.00. Single Copy price is $5.00. Annual overseas subscriptions are $70.00, including Canada/Mexico. Periodicals postage paid at at Memphis, Tennessee, and at additional mailing offices. Copyright © 2021 One Grower Publishing, LLC, all rights reserved except where otherwise noted. The Peanut Grower ® is a registered trademark, which reserves all rights granted by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office in association with the registration. POSTMASTER: SEND ADDRESS CHANGES TO OMEDA COMMUNICATIONS, CUSTOMER SERVICE DEPARTMENT, P.O. BOX 1388, NORTHBROOK, IL 60065-1388. All statements, including product claims, are those of the person or organization making the statement or claim. The publisher does not adopt any such statement or claim as its own, and any such statement or claim does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the publisher. Printed in the USA.

Editor’sNote Editor’s Note Taking A Shot At TSWV

B

elieve me when I say that vaccines are not a subject I expected to cover this month or anytime in the future. But what if it were a vaccine for peanuts against one of our most dreaded diseases — tomato spotted wilt virus? Now that’s something to talk about.

In its most basic form, a vaccine contains a portion of the disease it is being used against. These germs are weakened to the point where the disease is not transmitted but instead stimulates Amanda Huber the immune system in the host to proEditor, The Peanut Grower duce antibodies. When the host comes into contact with the actual disease, the built-up well of antibodies quickly dispatches the disease before it grows.

Is a vaccine against peanut diseases possible?

Research from University of Georgia crop virologist Sudeep Bag in tobacco has already found that a vaccine can work against TSWV. His project, Induction of Plant Resistance in Tobacco Against Tomato Spotted Wilt Orthotospovirus Through Foliar Application of dsRNA, was recently published.

Bag writes, “We used a non-transgenic strategy to induce RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated resistance in tobacco plants against TSWV. When topically applied to tobacco leaves, the molecules elicited a resistance response…We also show the systemic movement of dsRNA_N from the inoculated leaves to younger, non-inoculated leaves.”

Bag and the other project authors conclude that the topical application of double-stranded RNAs to induce RNAi is an environmentally safe and efficient way to manage TSWV in tobacco crops and could be applicable to other TSWV-susceptible crops.

He is now submitting a proposal to the U.S. Department of Agriculture to fund development for a plant vaccine against the disease in peanut.

A vaccine against TSWV would likely be a welcome tool for peanut producers.

One Grower Publishing, LLC, also publishes Cotton Farming, Rice Farming, Soybean South and Corn South.

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THE PEANUT GROWER • JULY 2021

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NewsBriefs News Briefs Testing A New Grading System

The Georgia Federal-State Inspection Service has been working with an industry committee to modernize the peanut grading system. The peanut program requires that all peanuts be inspected by a third party to determine quality, and buying points use the grading qualities to determine value for the farmer and sheller.

Georgia Federal State Inspection Service President T.E. Moye says that prototype machines were tested during this past season. He says that although the equipment works, it is not saving time or money, which are the goals.

The camera system is accurate according to testing, but costs and funding will likely be an issue.

On the bright side, Moye says, “The in-shell moisture meter is proving to be the best option to continue in development at this time. Data from the 2020 season has provided insight on areas for improvement. The main priority is to deliver an accurate device that is in the best interest of everyone.”

Building A Better Peanut

The A merican Peanut Council recently hosted a webinar in its Growing Together series with the topic, “Desirable Traits Through Genetic Innovation.” Peanut Research Foundation executive director Steve Brown spoke with researchers who are working to develop improved varieties through the use of specific genomic traits. Their goals include improving taste and other consumer benefits while also delivering agronomic advantages.

The Peanut Genomic Initiative was completed in 2017, and the foundation is now engaged in phase 2 focusing on marker-assisted selection technologies to improve peanut breeding. Brown interviewed David Bertioli of the University of Georgia, Josh Clevenger with the Hudson A lpha Institute for Biotechnology/Plant Center for TWITTER: @PEANUTGROWER

Sustainable Agriculture and Corley Holbrook with the USDA-ARS Crop Genetics and Breeding Research Unit.

Strict Regulations, Testing Changes Hurt Export Market

Strict af latoxin regulations in the European Union are preventing U.S. exports into this high-value market.

The U.S. peanut industry estimates it has lost approximately $170 million in sales because of the burdensome testing requirements. Without efforts to negotiate a workable solution that will increase opportunities for domestic peanut operations, farmers and businesses will continue to struggle with prohibitive requirements set by international partners.

The U.S. Department of Agriculture and the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative have been asked to prioritize interagency collaboration and industry engagement to negotiate for an effective solution with the European Union.

Aflatoxin is naturally occurring in peanuts and other crops. Peanuts are subject to USDA testing to ensure the product is safe for human consumption prior to entering the food supply.

USDA and university researchers are working to address the causes of aflatoxin contamination and to improve post-harvest handling. Collectively, these efforts demonstrate that U.S. farmers and government officials are actively working to ensure that peanuts produced are safe. For the European Union to require even more stringent testing, even changing the rules for U.S. peanuts after arrival at ports, is detrimental to export commerce.

In Brief • Research continues on modernized grading system with the inshell moisture meter showing the most promise.

• Marker-assisted selection is being used to breed better peanut varieties.

• The European Union’s strict regulations are costing the U.S. export market millions.

• Texas and Georgia farmers donate peanut butter to state food banks.

• See the calendar of events.

of Coastal Georgia, Feeding the Valley Food Bank, the Food Bank of Northeast Georgia, Golden Harvest Food Bank and Middle Georgia Community Food Bank through a partnership with the Georgia Food Bank Association.

A donation of 20,160 jars of peanut butter had already been distributed to the Atlanta Community Food Bank and Second Harvest of South Georgia in March.

The donation was made possible by the Georgia Peanut Commission through Peanut Proud, the industry’s humanitarian relief organization. Georgia-based truckload carrier, SouthernAG Carriers, donated trucking services to deliver the peanut butter.

Georgia Farmers Donate To Food Banks

To celebrate the beginning of the 2021 season, Georgia’s 4,500 peanut farmers donated 50,400 jars of peanut butter to America’s Second Harvest JULY 2021 • THE PEANUT GROWER /

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NewsBriefs News Briefs Calendar • July 13-15 – American Peanut Research Education Society, virtual meeting presented over Zoom, including the general and breakout sessions, the technical symposium and the new PhD and Masters’ divisions of the Joe Sugg Oral Presentation competition. A record-setting 165 presentations will cover topics from breeding to nutrition. Registration for the event is $250 and an APRES membership is $100. For information, see www.apresinc. com or call 229-329-2949.

• July 15-17 – The 22nd Annual Southern Peanut Growers Conference will be held at the Edgewater Beach Resort, Panama City Beach, Florida. The threeday event will provide information about production, legislation, marketing and promotions.

For registration, go to www. southernpeanutfarmers.org or one of the participating state organizations in Georgia, Florida, Alabama or Mississippi.

Texas Farmers Donate Peanut Butter Texas peanut farmers donated more than 32,000 jars of H-E-B peanut butter to food banks throughout the state. The Texas Peanut Producers Board partnered with Trico Peanut in Gaines County with additional donations from Western Peanut Growers Association, Birdsong Peanuts, and Michael and Kim Franke.

H-E-B provided transportation of the peanut butter to the North Texas Food Bank where the Texas-made peanut butter was then spread throughout the state.

The peanut butter was manufactured with Georgia-grown peanuts by Tara Foods in Albany, Georgia.

“As a farmer, we are proud to partner with Georgia food banks to help feed more of our neighbors in need during this time of uncertainty for many families,” says Armond Morris, 6/

THE PEANUT GROWER • JULY 2021

GPC chairman. “Peanut butter is one of the most requested food items at food banks because of its shelf life.

Peanuts are a nutritional superfood that contain more protein than any other nut, as well as a good source of vitamin E and folate.”

The Georgia Food Bank Association

• August 10-11 – The American Peanut Shellers Association and National Peanut Buying Points Association will hold their annual pre-harvest meeting. On Aug. 10, events are at the Doublegate Country Club in Albany, Georgia, with the political action committee dinner and auction. On Aug. 11, the meeting begins at 9 a.m. with lunch at The Bindery in Leesburg, Georgia. For information, go to www.peanutbuyingpoints.org.

comprises seven Feeding Americaaffiliated food banks that serve 133 counties in Georgia. Their network of food banks distributed over 180 million pounds of food in 2020 through more than 2,000 partner agencies to children, seniors and families struggling with hunger.

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MarketWatch Market Watch Cool Conditions And Quiet Markets Start The 2021 Crop

O

ne would describe the peanut market as quiet, very quiet.

Buyers have booked enough peanuts to cover their needs for now, and most have withdrawn from the market waiting on a more accurate planted acreage number for 2021. Farmers must report planted acres by July 15.

The season start was slightly delayed with cooler-than-normal temperatures in many areas and flooding in some. The Virginia-Carolina region was cold and wet with the Southwest dry. Dry weather also covered some of the Southeast in May, and many farmers planted into dry soils with others waiting for the rain to drill in the peanut seed. Afternoon thundershowers started in early June, giving those remaining farmers sufficient soil moisture to finish planting.

Planting And Price The U.S. Department of Agriculture i n c r e a s e d it s a c r e a g e e s t i m a t e .

Production is now forecast at 3.16 million tons, a 3% increase. Earlier estimates had acreage down 2%. The U.S. average yield is forecast at 4,050 pounds per acre, a 6.6% increase over 2020.

Market demand or disappearance totals 3.2 million tons, a 1% increase, making it 87,000 tons more than supply. Domestic food usage is forecast to be down 0.57%. Crushing for oil is up 3%, with exports remaining the same at 750,000 tons. Even with these changes, ending stocks will remain about the same as last season at 1.025 million tons.

Because of higher prices for competing commodities, shellers have been offering premiums to encourage farmers to plant peanuts and stay on rotation.

With a base offer at $475 per ton for runners and $500 per ton for Virginia type, premiums included $25 for acreage

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THE PEANUT GROWER • JULY 2021

J. Tyron Spearman Contributing Editor, The Peanut Grower

Leading Marketing Indicators (As of June 8, 2021) 2021 Est. Acreage (+3.0%) .............................................. 1,626,000 acres 2020 Harvested Acres ..................................................... 1,623,000 acres 2021 Est. Average yield per acre (+6.6%) ............................ 4,050 lbs/A 2021 Est. Production .......................................................... 3,160,000 tons 2020 Market Loan .............................................................. 2,425,355 tons 2020 Remaining In Loan ...................................................... 946,000 tons 2020-2021 Domestic Use (9 Mo.) ............................................. UP + 3.6 % 2020-2021 Exports (8 Mo.) ........................................................ UP + 8.8 % NATIONAL POSTED PRICE (per ton) Runners - $424.55; Spanish - $415.57; Valencia and Virginias - $428.74

under irrigation, $25 for high oleic varieties, $25 for seed production and even some hauling bonuses.

The increase in peanut prices will reduce the price loss coverage payment.

USDA projects the program’s average price to be $415 per ton. Subtracting $415 per ton from the $535 per-ton reference price makes for a $120 per-ton payment on 85% of the farm base.

tude towards planting but will keep a close watch on growing conditions. A lack of timely rains or other adverse weather affecting crop yield will cause prices to increase.

Remaining stocks for the 2020 crop are limited, and if one assumes about 80% of farmer stock has been contracted for new crop, we still have some negotiating to do at the buying point.

Domestic Use On the domestic side, peanut use is up 3.6%, with peanuts in candy up 10%, peanut snacks up 4.9% and peanut butter remaining on a positive, up 3.6%.

For manufacturers, the market is priced for a normal crop with forward prices at approximately 53 cents for splits, 54 to 55 cents for mediums and 56 cents for jumbo runners. A higher price is required for large kernel Virginias and for Spanish, which are in tight supply.

Buyers are taking a wait-and-see atti-

Nutritional Benefits Favor Peanuts Nutrition facts from The Peanut Institute strongly support a great future for peanuts. A handful each day at 170 calories gives a person 19 vitamins and minerals, many important in the fight against heart disease.

An ounce of oil-roasted salted peanuts is an excellent source of niacin and manganese and a good source of fiber, phosphorus, vitamin E, folate, copper and magnesium. Peanuts contain about 8 grams of cholesterol-free plant protein per ounce — more than any other nut.

Whether the goal is to lose weight, PEANUTGROWER.COM

MarketWatch Market Watch enhance the nutritional quality of your diet or prevent the onset of disease, peanuts provide benefits to everyone.

China Still The Big Buyer China continues to buy in-shell peanuts with 13,679 metric tons in March.

For the export marketing year, China has purchased 145,582 metric tons.

They are also buying raw-shelled peanuts and rank third behind Canada and Mexico. Raw-shelled shipments are down 15.8% and peanut butter is down 6.8%, but overall exports are up 8.8%.

In the European Union, the 25% tariff, along with testing procedures, continues to be the primary areas of concern. Officials are not optimistic about getting a deal done quickly to change the tariff situation. Trade relationships have deteriorated since March, when

both sides agreed to pause the 17-year Boeing-Airbus dispute for four months.

Since then, Washington, D.C. has held firm against pleas from London and other allies to lift Trump’s metals tariffs. A spokesperson for office of U.S. Trade Representative had no update on a potential date for resumption of talks, and there is no indication that either side is willing to move on key issues.

An early frost in Argentina may have damaged the crop, although those still in the ground tend to be protected. Some Argentinian shellers have pulled back from the market until they get a clearer idea of the total crop size.

Harvest has been in progress for about a month in this South American country but is behind normal because of delays at the start of the season. Pod maturity is also a concern.

‘‘

Positive trends strongly indicate that the future is bright for peanuts and the peanut industry.

Open For Business Positive trends strongly indicate that the future is bright for peanuts and the peanut industry. New construction and upgrades to infrastructure are happening all across the industry. New growers, buying points and shellers are combining with the industry to build a profitable business.

A good growing season with a quality harvest that produces a profit would be everyone’s goal this year. It’s time to eat a handful of peanuts! PG

New construction and upgrades to infrastructure are happening across the industry. Delta Peanut recently broke ground on a new facility in Kennett, Missouri, on the heels of its original sheller in Jonesboro, Arkansas, pictured here under construction in 2020.

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JULY 2021 • THE PEANUT GROWER /

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Thank You, Bob Friends and co-workers share thoughts and well wishes for retiring North Carolina peanut leader, Bob Sutter.

N

orth Carolina Peanut Growers Association CEO Bob Sutter is retiring at the end of July. He has been a true advocate for peanut growers in North Carolina and an ambassador of the peanut industry as a whole for the past three decades. He will be greatly missed.

Bob has made numerous contributions to the peanut industry in North Carolina and beyond since 1994. Prior to his career with the North Carolina Peanut Growers Association, Bob worked for the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Farm Service Agency and in private business. He also served in the U.S. Navy.

Following are comments from friends and co-workers and quotes from support letters for several awards Bob has recently received that tell the story of how important he has been to peanut growers and the broader peanut industry. We have all benefited from his presence and dedication. Thank you, Bob! TOM ISLEIB Retired Peanut Breeder, North Carolina State University During Bob’s tenure as CEO, the NCPGA has funded $5,073,366 for peanut research, most of which was reported at American Peanut Research and Education Society meetings and/or published in Peanut Science, the society’s journal, and other journals as well.

Bob has been a tremendous supporter of the research and Extension programs that contribute to NCPGA members’ success. In addition, Bob has supported the Peanut Variety and Quality Evaluation program coordinated by Virginia Tech, a program through which new public Virginia-type peanut cultivars must come, the Peanut Genomics Initiative and construction of the new plant science building. He has been a leader in support of peanut research and Extension.

KIM CUTCHINS Executive Officer, American Peanut Research and Education Society Bob has excelled at promoting APRES through his committee work and, most graciously, as the supporter of the Joe Sugg Graduate Student Competition. Through his support and encouragement, APRES graduate student participation has grown from an average of 10 students in 1993 to a record 61 for 2021. This investment in graduate student education served as a springboard to the creation of APRES 10 /

THE PEANUT GROWER • JULY 2021

Bob Sutter promotes peanuts with the National Peanut Board’s Buddy McNutty at a baseball game.

Graduate Student Organization, student representation on the APRES Board of Directors, creation of the Graduate Student Poster Competition and a newly expanded Joe Sugg Oral Presentation Graduate Student Competition with divisions for doctoral students and master’s students with $1,000 prizes for each division.

As Bob says, “Investment in these students is an investment in the future of our industry.” I say it takes great leaders — people with vision and motivation to create opportunities.

Bob Sutter is such a person.

BOB PARKER President and CEO, National Peanut Board Bob has been a huge proponent of supporting public peanut research with grower and industry funds. Through his guidance, the NPB has strategically funded critical peanut research at North Carolina State University. Bob was a key supporter of industry efforts to map the peanut genome and utilize this information. In addition, he required language in research agreements with NCSU that all peanut seed royalty income be invested back into peanut research.

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DELL COTTON Manager, Peanut Growers Cooperative Marketing Association

Dell Cotton, Marianne Catalano and Bob Sutter meet with Richard Owen, the new president of the American Peanut Council, on a tour of the new Hubs Virginia Peanuts in Franklin, Virginia.

DAN and WILBUR WARD Peanut Farmers, Clarkton, North Carolina Bob has served the peanut farmers and their families with class and distinction for 28 years as the NCPGA CEO. He has worked tirelessly to improve the profitability of all of our state’s peanut farmers and has promoted our products all over the globe. He has led us through five Farm Bills in Washington, D.C., which have included the most sweeping changes to agriculture since The Great Depression. Through his leadership we have made a successful transition from the quota system to our current contracting system. He has led a contingent of peanut farmers to Washington each year to meet our state’s elected officials to discuss policy and let them know how important stability is to each of our families.

Bob worked with peanut leaders in all of the major peanut-producing states to form the NPB in 2000. This board, which is producer funded and led, has been responsible for peanut promotion and research on a national scale, and North Carolina has benefited from the work of this board.

DAVID JORDAN Peanut Extension Specialist, North Carolina State University In 2003, the historical peanut quota system that included import restrictions on peanuts into the United States and price controls was eliminated. This model was replaced with a more competitive marketing structure. The new legislation created space for more farmers to move into peanut production across the coastal plain of North Carolina. But the transition was not easy. Historical peanut farmers had relied on federal farm policy for decades to stabilize farm income and maintain rural economies. However, there were forces at play at the national level dictating major structural changes in farm legislation. Bob, through his leadership with the NCPGA, shepherded the transition in a manner that enabled the farming community to survive and in fact become more competitive. The transition would have been devastating for many farmers without Bob’s constant and dedicated hand leading the way.

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I had the pleasure of working with Fleet Sugg for a few years before his retirement, so I was around when Bob was hired. At the time, I was the head of PGCMA, and Bob and I worked together mainly on legislation and program matters. When Russell Schools retired in 2003 and I became the executive secretary of the Virginia Peanut Growers Association, Bob and I worked together on a much more frequent basis. I think it is safe to say that numerous issues have been before us, including our world changing with the 2002 Farm Bill.

From the beginning, we acted as if there was no line between our states, and our purpose was in advancing the needs of the farmers in our region. Bob was always a pleasure to work with, and I knew anytime I called he would provide the knowledge and thoughtful advice that I came to expect from him. The North Carolina Peanut Growers, along with all of the agriculture industry in North Carolina and nationwide, will miss Bob’s experience and wisdom. However, just as Bob stepped into Fleet’s shoes, Ashley will do the same and continue to carry the state’s growers forward.

I am appreciative to have been a part of the VC area team along with Bob and Marianne, and I am proud to be able to call Bob not only my coworker but my friend.

MARIANNE CATALANO Executive Director, Virginia Carolinas Peanut Promotions In 2011, I became the executive director of Virginia Carolinas Peanut Promotions, and I shared an office with Bob. I knew after a few weeks of working together that he was a well-rounded faithful Christian man who is respected by many in the agriculture industry. The way Bob spoke about North Carolina peanut farmers showed me how much of an impact this industry made on him.

Behind Bob is his beloved wife, Syliva, who supports him in everything he does for farmers. She is t r u ly h i s big ge st cheerleader.

Bob and Johnny Wynne, former NCSU It has been a true CALS dean and peanut breeder, at a honor to work with field day in Lewiston. and for Bob during the past 10 years. He has educated me on all the facets within the peanut industry. Bob has been my mentor and shown true leadership over the years. I am thankful for our time together working to promote peanuts on behalf of farmers. PG JULY 2021 • THE PEANUT GROWER /

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What’s Lurking In The Field?

A late-season foe came early in 2021, and a new miticide looks promising for control.

By Amanda Huber

T

hrips were prevalent in many fields of late Apriland May-planted peanuts. University of Georgia Extension entomologist Mark Abney says thrips injury varied in severity from minor feeding scars on fully expanded leaflets to severely deformed or dead terminal buds.

As to whether a foliar insecticide should be used, Abney says, “Most of the time I do not think an insecticide application at four weeks after planting will pay for itself; however, if peanut terminals are being severely injured, immature thrips are still present, and the plants are experiencing drought and/or herbicide stress, treatment might be warranted.

“In my experience, thrips injury typically peaks around 30

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THE PEANUT GROWER • JULY 2021

days after planting. After that, thrips numbers tend to decline, peanut growth increases rapidly and we forget about thrips for another year.”

It is tomato spotted wilt virus, Abney says, that is transmitted by thrips which is the more serious problem.

“Fields planted after May 10 that were treated with phorate (Thimet) will be at reduced risk compared to earlier planted fields with no at-plant insecticide or with a different one. It is important to remember that foliar insecticide sprays will not reduce the risk of TSWV in peanut.”

Treat At Threshold Dry conditions in May also set fields up for pests such as lesser cornstalk borer, Abney says.

“In June and beyond, LCB is the most common and severe PEANUTGROWER.COM

dry weather pest of peanut. Scouting and timely decision making are the keys to managing this pest.”

Abney does not recommend preventative insecticide applications. Even in heavy LCB outbreak years, not every field will need to be treated.

“We do not have to prevent infestations from occurring; we just have to find and treat them in a timely manner.”

He has the same recommendation with foliage-feeding caterpillars: Do not treat until threshold is reached.

Early Spider Mites Two-spotted spider mite is an insect pest that often occurs later in the season, but the dry weather brought on this pest in some areas earlier. South Carolina Extension peanut specialist Dan Anco says crop consultant Drake Perrow found spider mites in peanuts he was scouting on June 1.

“Yes, this is early, and the more obvious, yes, we are dry,” Anco says. “Rains will help a natural fungus to attack the mites and bring the population back down.”

Abney says, “Mites often occur in large numbers in peanut fields where pyrethroid insecticides have been applied. Avoid pyrethroid insecticides in non-irrigated peanut fields to prevent flaring mites. While we do not usually see treatable populations of mites in peanut in June, the decision to apply a pyrethroid in June or July can dramatically increase the risk of infestation later in the season.”

TWITTER: @PEANUTGROWER

New Miticide Looks Promising Although it is easy to flare spider mites with an insecticide, options for treatment are either expensive, hard to purchase or provide only a modest level of control, says Rick Brandenburg, North Carolina State University Extension entomologist.

“On top of all that, many of the products we use today are more than 30, 40 and even 50 years old. This illustrates that we have not developed a lot of effective products in recent history.”

However, he says a new product, Portal Miticide/Insecticide, manufactured by Nichino America, has potential. Brandenburg evaluated the product in 2020 and was impressed with its spider mite control.

“While I have only tested it one year and in only one location, Bertie County, I decided to add it to our recommendations. When used on a wide basis, we will find out how good it is, but I believe it can be a very effective option for spider mite control in the future.”

Brandenburg also hopes that it will be priced at least competitively with other miticide products when it becomes more widely available.

“Other spider mite products have often been hard to find in the past. It seems when it gets hot and dry everyone needs them at the same time.”

He is evaluating the Portal again in 2021 to gain more data on its use, but he already thinks the registration is a welcome addition to the spider mite control toolbox. PG

Weather Predictions To Season End Planting in 2021 was not quite as smooth as producers hoped for. Rainfall in April was adequate, but May was dry enough to halt planting until rain returned.

“The hot and dry conditions finally lifted in many parts of Georgia, but growers will likely have stand issues in June either from planting in fields with limited moisture or from diminished seed quality,” says UGA Extension peanut specialist Scott Monfort.

“Most of the time growers are planting in June because of increased acreage or a lack of rain in late May.” Thankfully, the dry May gave way to more regular rain showers in June. But what does UGA weather network director and agricultural climatologist Pam Knox say growers can expect for the remainder of the crop year?

“The Climate Prediction Center gives us slightly better odds than usual for above-normal rainfall in the June through August period.

“September through October is also leaning toward wetter-than-normal conditions, based largely on the expected active tropical season. The rainfall we get later in the summer will depend in large part on where the tropical storms and hurricanes go,” she says.

“Based on our neutral ENSO (El Niño-Southern Oscillation) conditions, warm sea surface temperatures and other factors, this year is expected to be more active than normal again, although not likely as busy as last year, which had a record 30 named storms.”

JULY 2021 • THE PEANUT GROWER / 13

Harvest Preparations Reduce yield loss at digging with proper equipment setup and maintenance.

By Amanda Huber

F

rom before the first seed is planted until harvest, producers work diligently to provide all the inputs the crop needs and protect it from pests. Digging is carefully planned with the help of Extension and the maturity board. The same preparation should be given to digger setup and maintenance.

Prevent Mechanical Losses Clemson University agricultural

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THE PEANUT GROWER • JULY 2021

engineer Kendall

Kirk says that the majority of peanut losses at digging are from weakened peg strength, disease and over maturity and mechanical actions of the digger. Reducing losses requires digging at the proper time and accurate equipment set up.

On the digger, the top link sets the angle of the digger blades. For clay soils, a more aggressive angle is needed. For sandy soils, set the blades for a less aggressive angle.

If the top link is too short, the soil will be dug too deep causing excessive soil on the blades and pushing the plants. If the top link is left too long, peanuts are dug too shallow and pods are sheared off and left in the soil.

Tractor speed is another factor in digging losses. Driving

PEANUTGROWER.COM

too fast causes the plants to bunch up, whereas driving too slowly leads to ripping the vines apart. According to his study, the optimal ground speed for digging Virginia peanuts is 2 to 2.5 miles per hour. For each mile per hour above that target speed, digging losses increased 200 pounds per acre.

Kirk also says growers should synchronize the speed of their digger’s shaker chain, or conveyor belt, to their ground speed. If driving 2 miles per hour, for example, the conveyor belt should be set to a speed of around 2 miles per hour. A conveyor belt running about 20% faster than ground speed can result in yield loss of 100 to 200 pounds per acre.

Look For Problems Prior To Operation Before a speed can be selected, a thorough inspection of the equipment is a must. Inspect the digger-inverter for broken, bent or missing parts before making adjustments. Make sure the front tool bar is level with the tractor.

Stand at the rear of the machine with the implement raised and sight the top of the tool bar with the top of the rear axle. For accuracy, first be sure the rear tractor tires are inflated to the same pressure. If the tool bar is not parallel to the tractor axle, level the digger by adjusting the lift arm.

Next, inspect the blades. A well-adjusted digger will have sharp, flat-running blades set to clip taproots just below the pod zone where the taproot starts branching. Blades should run level, with a slight forward pitch to lift plants into the shaker. This adjustment can be accomplished best on a flat surface.

Excessive pitch of the digger blades may result in soil and pods being carried forward by the blade before being freed by the cutting edge. Such pods are usually lost. Dull blades cause most digging losses because they fail to cleanly cut the taproot and may drag the roots, dislodging pods from the plant.

From Midseason To Harvest • • • • • • • •

Apply herbicides when weeds are small for maximum control.

Be timely with inputs, especially fungicides.

Keep up with irrigation needs, particularly during peak bloom and pod fill.

Apply gypsum for needed calcium unless lime was used at planting.

Know the insects likely for the weather conditions and scout often.

Consider using a weather advisory for leaf spot.

Maturity can be sped up or delayed depending on conditions.

Don’t dig based solely on days after planting or before a freeze or frost is forecast.

Factors Effecting Peanut Loss 1. Blade depth too shallow.

2. Dull blades that do not cut cleanly through the taproot. Pods will be lost if the plant is pushed through the soil.

3. Vine cutter springs too loose or coulters too dull.

4. Conveyor pickup running too high above the lifter rods.

5. Tractor RPM or hydraulic flow too fast.

6. Vine flow not synchronized with ground speed and conveyor speed.

7. Inverter not aligned with the row (indicated by tap roots leaning left or right).

point and allow a smooth flow of vines through the digger-inverter.

In the field, note the shaking action.

It should be only enough to remove soil from the vines. More aggressive shaking is needed where soil clings to pods, roots and stems. The amount of shaking can be changed by adjusting knocker wheels up or down.

As vines exit the shaking conveyer, they engage the inversion wheels and rods. These rods are factory set; however, they will change position with use.

Adjust the inversion rods before going to the field by placing the digger on a level surface and setting them according to the operator’s manual. Properly inverted peanut plants will form a uniform, well-aerated windrow with few pods touching the soil. PG For more information on harvesting equipment, consult your equipment owner’s manual or University of Georgia Extension publication “Peanut Digger And Combine Efficiency” at www.ugapeanuts.com.

Forming A Good Windrow After plants pass over the digger blades, they are transferred onto the shaking conveyer. This should be set at a depth at which it picks up vines with its teeth just clearing the soil. Check the conveyer chain speed and depth.

The chain speed should be set to avoid a pileup of vines ahead of the pickup TWITTER: @PEANUTGROWER

JULY 2021 • THE PEANUT GROWER / 15

NewProducts New Products general manager for precision ag and digital Seth Crawford.

This collaboration will empower farmers to drive greater efficiency in their operations while helping to protect the environment through reduced chemical use.

Collaboration To Evaluate Targeted Spray Technology AGCO recently announced a collaboration with Robert Bosch GmbH, BASF Digital Farming and Raven Industries Inc. with the objective of evaluating targeted spraying technology. The goal is to make applications more effective and efficient by reducing crop input costs while driving farm and environmental sustainability.

Targeted spraying will focus on real-time sensing technology to make crop protection decisions. By detecting weeds in growing crops or fallow ground, day or night, this technology will execute precise targeted product placement to the individual plant level. Targeted spraying will also enhance farmer profitability by using herbicides only where needed. This makes the use of more efficient herbicides affordable, allowing for better weed control. Where optimal herbicides are already being used, the smart sprayer provides a volume and cost reduction.

The concept is being evaluated on a Fendt Rogator sprayer in Europe with plans to extend into North America in 2022.

“Farmers have been searching for ways to minimize chemical usage and reduce passes through the field to achieve crop protection goals. With the potential for further regulatory pressure, this effort advances our farmer-first focus and is evidence of our work to serve farmers’ needs,” says AGCO senior vice president and Case IH Introduces New Planter Technology, Applicator Configurations New technology and configurations from Case IH will help producers match planting and product application to the unique needs of their fields.

Now available for 2000 series Early Riser planters, Case IH ISO Planter Control gives operators the ability to view high-resolution as-applied planting data in real time — all from one integrated display that is easy to navigate and customize. Plus, with the AFS Pro 1200 display, the technology delivers complete in-cab planter control, which can interact with multiple implements and machines, regardless of the equipment’s manufacturer.

With the ISO Planter Control and the AFS Pro 1200 display, farm managers gain important agronomic insight with the ability to view as-applied field maps down to the row level in the AFS Connect Farm platform on web and mobile.

Plus, planter data can be easily shared with agronomic partners for additional analysis.

16 /

THE PEANUT GROWER • JULY 2021

Morton Buildings Introduces Concrete Splashboard A new, patented concrete splashboard is now being offered

by Morton Buildings to make post-frame buildings stronger and more durable by completely removing structural wood from touching the ground.

Morton Buildings President Sean Cain says the concrete splashboard offers a permanent solution compared to standard wood splashboards that have the potential to rot, decay or simply look worn over time.

The new splashboard is offered as an optional upgrade for most post-frame buildings that use the Morton Foundation System. That system consists of lower concrete columns that eliminate wood in the ground, avoiding natural decay and protecting against costly repairs. The splashboard is connected to the top of the columns, extending around the bottom of the building perimeter.

For additional information, visit mortonbuildings.com.

To help operators cover more ground in less time, Case IH is adding a new 90-foot boom option, the widest available, for the FA 1030 air boom applicator. The FA 1030 is also now available for either the Titan 3540 or 4540 floater models, with the choice of either three- or four-wheel configurations.

For more information about Case IH soil management, planting and application equipment lineups, contact your Case IH dealer or visit www.caseih.com.

PEANUTGROWER.COM

It’s not just what we do,

it’s who we are.

With our team’s collective 200+ years tied to agricultural production, we believe in what we do.

We make it our mission to provide profitable production strategies to our farmers with information to improve their bottom lines.

Our seasoned editors cover every stage of production — from land preparation, to seed selection, to crop protection through harvest.

To advertise, contact Sales Manager Scott Emerson at 386-462-1532 or semerson@onegrower.com www.peanutgrower.com

@PeanutGrower

Delta Peanut broke ground recently on Missouri’s first peanut processing facility.

Show Me The Peanuts The Missouri Bootheel is getting its first buying point, shelling and blanching facility.

N

ecessity is the mother of invention, but it is also the reason producers try new crops. That’s what is happening in the Missouri Bootheel. Producers looking for something to grow on their sandy land besides corn or cotton decided to give peanuts a try. The crop became more attractive when Delta Peanut built a buying point and shelling facility in Jonesboro, Arkansas. Instead of trucking the crop to Texas or Georgia, the buying point was only an hour away.

Soon, producers in the Show-Me state won’t have to travel that far. The first peanut processing facility in Missouri will be in Kennett, creating 50 fulltime jobs with a capital investment of more than $50 million. Earlier this year, Delta Peanut completed the purchase of 55 acres from the city of Kennett, which was part of an 80-acre tract of land where the Dunklin County Compress had operated for many years in support of the region’s cotton industry.

18 /

THE PEANUT GROWER • JULY 2021

Producers Are The Key Delta Peanut chose Kennett to expand its operations because more producers in Southeast Missouri are growing peanuts and because of the proximity to food manufacturers who use peanuts. A key to the project was 75 producers who will own Delta Peanut Kennett LLC by investing through the Missouri Department of Agriculture’s New Generation Cooperative Incentive Tax Program, says Delta Peanut CEO Tommy Jumper.

“Kennett is strategically located for Delta Peanut. It is 40 miles north of our shelling plant in Jonesboro and blessed with the correct soil types, crop rotation and irrigation. Once built, our buying point there will allow growers to add peanuts to their farm and current growers can increase their peanut acres.

“We see the Bootheel of Missouri as an area wanting to increase peanut acres and prepared to deliver good yields and quality. With a long history of agricultural commercialization, Kennett is no stranger to the opportunities and challenges of PEANUTGROWER.COM

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It is also available for download Peanut Board.

Clay Deane of Sikeston and Russ Hoggard of an agricultural center, the site also provided substantial wareEdited by Dr. Mark Abney, University of Georgia Extension Entomologist 2,000 acres molecules. in 2021. calls Edited Dr.Mark Mark Abney, University of of Georgia Georgia Extension Entomologist Extending spray intervals be- University be beneficial for building organic soil health.

It is in peanut.

According• can to research conbon-based Some the carbon through nuts. Early pressure forofearly action. is Asrecycled we entered Edited byby Dr. Abney, Extension Entomologist Edited by Dr. Mark Abney, University matter of Georgiaand Extension Entomologist as a PDF. Portageville became inaugural members of the National Peanut house space for Emerson Electric when it operated in Kennett; yond 15 days ed in Missouri.

If realized, Upland cotCompared with last year, planted acreage also a way to profit from cover crops. soil organisms, but some becomes humic substances that build ducted in Virginia and North Carolina, Finding rootworms in the soil is difJune, there was still time to get peanuts planted and The advisory is designed to help de• other Repeated, of also used Board for Missouri. area businesses buildings for wareton planted area in California, atfrequent 25,000periods ishave expected be the up or unchanged 23 Rotation Crops soil organic matter, is improving nutrient and moisture availability.

Threecornered Burrower Bug Three-Cornered preventative insecticide applications ficult, and injury often not detected Bug obtain a reasonable window of conditions for growth and termine into a few minutes whether in fields Three-Cornered Burrower Bug leaf wetness; excessive rains, Cover crops greatly reduce soil erosion and loss. The “Peanuts are still new to us, so I’m excited to learn more house space and industrial purposes. acres, will a record low.are established ofneed the 29 states estimated.

Despite the initial the Alfalfa Hopper Hopper hardbe to infestations idenBurrower bugs can bebefore hard to idenmade until after peanuts are excitement dug when it is an insecticide treatment.

PG harvesting.

Alfalfa Hopper Burrower bugs can be hard to idenfrequentfuture irrigation of ourChancellor foodAll supply depends on topsoil, andis cover Cover crops contribute to better management ofprodsoil about thefor industry in general, from field to the end Kennett Mayor Wayne says, “We the Three-cornered alfalfa hoppers field and an infestation Threecornered alfalfa Corn, another peanut rotation partner, wheat planted area forappreciate 2021 estitify inthe the and an infestation increase in cotton prices tofield, provide good control.

There are no foli- after tooMid-May late control measures.

Scout is generally thebrought best to plant Three-cornered alfalfa hoppers tifytime in for the field and an peanuts infestation • Rain immediately applicrops are exceptional at helping stop erosion.

No-till with cover nutrients.

By building soil organic matter, cover crops may are light green and wedgeuntil harvest. hoppers are light green until is often not detected ucts and the marketing side,” says Hoggard about serving on confidence that Delta Peanut has shown in the city of Kennett is insecticide estimated at 91.1 million acres for tomated at 46.4 million acres, from the table, producers intend to plant are light greenup and5% wedgeis often not detected harvest. ar available, and SCR by pulling up although plants andpeanuts examinin South Carolina, can still beuntil made iftreatments cation – wait 24 hours crops reduces erosion toirrigate a fraction of whatshaped. it would be.

Even with Theyshaped. stand about ¼ Burrower bugs have aa black black-toand wedge They impact need2020. for fertilizer.

Cover crops scavenge for nutrients have or the NPB. Both producers are also members ofreach Delta Peanut, and thatnot they were able to utilize asame portion of the Compress shaped.

They stand about ¼ Burrower bugs have a black-to2021, up less than 1% from last year.

2020.

This represents the fourth low1% lessthe than However, increastargeting the adult beetle has been ing the roots and pods for feeding injuplanted into early June.

Once planting dates June • Consecutive use of fungicides with the mode of action (exlight tillage, a field with cover crops is still inch better protected.

PG high and are about ¼ inch brown body, small redinto eyes on a or stand about ¼ inch high brown body and small, red eyes and hold nitrogen rather than letting it escape rivers inch high and are about ¼ inch brown body, small red eyes on a with Hoggard serving as secretary on the board of directors. site for their project to create quality fulltime jobs and an Increases are expected produc- est all-wheat planted area since records es innitrogen most peanut-producceptfrom chlorothalonil) 10,are weexpected are looking at the approximate digging dates shown tonear reduce injury or improve ry and sifting through soil long.

Both adults nymphs small-sized The upper wings and are about ¼and inch long. on a small-sized head.

The upper groundwater.

The is loose released toto the head. next year’s crop. long. Both adults and nymphs small-sized head.

The upper wings He operates Hoggard Farms in partnership with his son, investment of more than $50 million. ers inshiny several states,from including began in 1919. Research Winter wheat planted ing which good rotations. have mouthparts of burrower bugs are and the Southern Agriculture and Education Oct.states, 20 for a 132-day variety like Bailey or digging dates Both piercing adults and nymphs yields. find the larvae.

It ismay be for necessary toburrower wings of bugs are shiny peanutArticle have piercing mouthparts of burrower bugs are shiny and and by penetrating the3% semi-hardened with the membraRussell and nephew, This is his third year grow“This took a lot work from many people, and itmouth havefeed piercing parts program.

For information, visit and semi-hardened with the memSlowing A Growing Spot Epidemic: Mississippi, up 130,000 acres.

Decreases area, atwww.sare.org/covercrops.

33.1 million acres, iswas upexcitFarmers in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, entering into November for moderate-maturity varieties Determine the to treat on a of Leaf wash offTodd, wetcrops or clay soils toJeremy. clearly see Cover help keep the soil covered.

Rain is likely to need and feed by penetrating the semi-hardened with the membraE E EE

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ing peanuts, and he farms high-oleic cotton, ingin to more see can thisofall comefrom together with the help of partners the in runners, acreage are expected the the previous estimate and upat 9% North Carolina andcurrently Texas indicate an field-by-field 5 basis.

Decisions be rice, corn and soybeans. local, state and federal levels.

This is a big deal for Kennett that traditional Cornadult Belt states. from last year. This is the seventh lowest increase cotton acreage. on both populations and Rapidingrowth after rain can cause based stem and sucking plant juices.

nous tip overlapping.

Its legs are and feed by penetrating branous tip overlapping.

Its legs Effective fungicide programs are designed tostem prevent disease, and sucking plantnot juices. nous overlapping.

Its legs like Georgia 06G. cause bare soil3:19 to erode, form a 1tip crust or overheat inare direct PM Page They tend and to feed in a circular spiny, andand needle-like, piercing, the stem sucking plant are spiny needle-like.

Piercing, cure it after the fact.

If something goes wrong and you find late They tend to feed in a leaf circular spiny, and needle-like, piercing, sun.

Some bare soils can reach that 140 degrees, killing soil organOne of the concerns around time of year becomes fashion around a stem, making sucking mouth mouth parts are visible with Four principles for improving and maintaining juices.

They tend to feed sucking parts are visible spot lesions in the bottom of the canopy, especially with lessa than 30 fashion around stem, making sucking mouth parts are visible isms and stressing the crop.

Cover crop residue protects the soil.

Deane, who isacreage also an member of the Missouri will have a lasting economic impact.

We look forward togo. mainacreage onswells record. planted slow drying conditions prior to awith combining that can lead Total cotton isinaugural estimated at punctures as they go.

The damaged areafeeding typically and above ground root short splits or creases to occur in past history in is peanutfeeding fields. athe hand lens.

Burrower bug in a circular fashion around a planted stem, making asArea they The hand lens.

Burrower bug is closely soil health: days until harvest, treat immediately, retreating in 10and days, with one feeding punctures as they go. The damaged area typically punctures swells above ground root with a hand lens.

Burrower bug is growth may occur.

On peanuts, feeding may occur on limbs, leaf petioles or pegs.

Peanut Producers Association, is co-owner and operator of taining these partnerships to attract more jobs in the future.” closely related to stink bugs. to quality ifin they out in damp conditions too Soybeans And Wheat to spring wheat for 2021 is expected to 12 million acresthat 2021. area area typically swells, and above-ground root growth may occur.

On Treatment late in the season followouter pod issues wall cansitbeUpland confused • Keep the soil covered as much as possible. damaged related to stink bugs. growth occur. On peanuts, feeding may occur on limbs, leaf petioles or pegs. closely related to stink bugs. of the may following: Cover crops the biodiversity in farm fields. peanuts, feeding may occur on limbs, leaf petioles oracres, pegs.

North Delta Co.,different, which he runs in with Everyone in the area hopes that peanuts willdown fill the market long.

Every year is aimprove little but overall the combiSoybean growers intend to plant 87.6 total 11.7 million 4% from is expected toPlanting total 11.9 million acres, • Disturb the soil as little as possible. ingpartnership significant rainfall may be too late with SCR damage.

• Topsin 4.5 FL 10 fl oz + 1.5 pt Bravo Generally, the more plant diversity in a operation, field and the longer • a5% Keep plants growing throughout the year to feed the soil. his cousins asisa Pima division of the family farm Triple D plant-based protein grown with conventional farming nation of lower yield higher late leaf spot presmillion acres in 2021,for up last 2020. and American ispotential, expected to total This pest more likely to be found to effectively prevent inju•rootworm Provostfrom Opti 10.7 oz + 1.5 ptDurum Bravo wheat is expected to total that living roots are growing, the more biodiversity there will • Diversify crop rotations as much as possible, including cover Farms.

He is a fifth-generation farmer who began working on techniques and also provide the local economy a boost with sure and generally unfavorable harvesting conditions are year.

If realized, this •will bemay the third 1.54 million acres for 2021, down 9% 142,000 acres, downleading 30% from 2020. soil.ry.

Late-season treatments in low and heavier-textured Priaxor 8 fl also oz be in soilspots organisms, to healthier Growing mixes of crops. more prevalent for peanuts planted after about June 10. the farm after graduating with a bachelor’s degree in agronomy quality, good paying jobs.

PG highest planted acreage on PG record. from last year. PG The increase in acres isorexpectspider mite outbreaks. soils under moist conditions with encourage coverlargest crops improves diversity.

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PeanutPointers Peanut Pointers

gen is required, 10 to 20 pounds per acre of nitrogen should be sufficient, depending on the number of active nodules per plant and residual nitrogen in the soil and irrigation water. Excess nitrogen can increase disease problems.

The field photo below shows an inoculant application malfunction on row seven of an eight-row planter that led to little or no inoculant being applied. Yellow peanuts show nitrogen deficiency. An August nodule count on this Hockley County, Texas, runner peanut field was nine nodules per plant in the yellow rows and 73 nodules per plant on green rows.

CALVIN TROSTLE, AGRILIFE EXTENSION

Peanut planting in the Southwest was delayed because of above-average rains we received in May. In typical years, we recommended checking the crop for nodulation development on the roots in early- to mid-June. This year, it is not too late to check for nodulation in July to assess the potential need for midseason EMI KIMURA Texas A&M AgriLife nitrogen applications if noduExtension lation is not found in adequate State Extension Peanut numbers.

Specialist Take random samples from multiple locations in the fields.

Carefully dig plants and count the number of active nodules. When cut open, active and healthy nodules should appear reddish-pink inside because of the reaction of leghemoglobin. If the nodules are not reddish-pink on the inside, they are not fixing atmospheric nitrogen.

Supplemental nitrogen is not required if an average of 20 active nodules per plants is observed. If supplemental nitro-

CALVIN TROSTLE, AGRILIFE EXTENSION

Check For Active Nodulation

20 /

THE PEANUT GROWER • JULY 2021

PEANUTGROWER.COM

PeanutPointers Peanut Pointers Questions About Plant Growth Regulators We certainly have a late crop in general this year in Alabama since a large percentage was planted after mid-May. This has had many producers asking about what, if anything, could be done to speed up the crop.

I wouldn’t panic too much.

We never know what kind of fall we will have. However, we have experience with KRIS BALKCOM Auburn University late-planted peanuts before.

Extension Specialist With good rainfall and warm temperatures, we have made around 5,000 plus pounds per acre, which is a respectable yield.

Producers have also asked about using plant growth regulators in peanuts like they’re used in cotton. We know that with late-planted cotton, it pays to be aggressive with our PGRs to force the plant to be reproductive. However, with peanuts, we have not been able to have a consistent program for PGRs. Since a majority of Alabama peanuts are dryland and relying on Mother Nature for rainfall, this puts us in a vulnerable position. Essentially, it subjects us to the possibility of decreasing yield potential if we don’t receive the needed weather conditions after the PGR application. Therefore, I wouldn’t worry about trying to use a PGR material in peanuts right now. Concentrate on keeping diseases at bay, which will give us more flexibility at harvest time.

Some Parallels Between Kids And Peanuts July is the midpoint for a majority of the peanut crop in Georgia. This brings about the parental instinct factor where growers want to provide everything possibly needed by their crop. As with my kids, I want to make sure that they are eating healthy foods to fuel their bodies.

To keep your crop healthy SCOTT MONFORT University of Georgia and fed right, growers need Extension Agronomist to make sure to apply calcium — gypsum at 750 to 1,000 pounds per acre prior to blooming — and boron — 0.25 TWITTER: @PEANUTGROWER

pounds per acre twice at 30 and 45 days after planting — along with other nutrients as needed. Applying the wrong type of product or rate will not offer productive results. Sort of like your kids getting only sugar instead of nutritious foods.

Another issue I wrestle with in regard to my kids is how do I ensure that they are getting what they need and are on the right track for growing at a healthy rate. At my kids’ annual wellness checks, we learn about their growth percentages, tips for healthy diets, what’s to be expected in the next year and the possible trouble spots.

Regular “health screening” of a crop will help you stay on target with your crop’s needs in a timely manner. Monitor the crop closely by using crop scouts or consultants. Ask a lot of questions of your county agent/specialist about proven products as well as the newer products to make sure you spend your money wisely.

Base your decisions on what makes economic sense for your operation. I have seen on too many occasions where growers are willing to cut back on the more expensive fungicides to pinch pennies. This rarely works. You wouldn’t cut corners for your kids. Your crop is your investment and good choices mean good business. In the long run, those decisions will bring rewards.

Finally, one thing I have learned as a parent and an Extension specialist is that bad things can happen even when you do everything right. Be willing to call someone for help like your local county Extension agent.

JULY 2021 • THE PEANUT GROWER /

21

PeanutPointers Peanut Pointers Gaining Flexibility At Digging Weed issues have hopefully been taken care of by the time we move into July. Of course, there will be some weed escapes, and growers are encouraged to be on the lookout for weeds that are generally controlled but have broken through control programs.

Of particular concern are DAVID JORDAN Palmer amaranth and common North Carolina State ragweed, which have escaped University intensive programs that Extension Agronomist include PPO-inhibiting herbicides (Cobra, Ultra Blazer, Storm, Valor). These escapes could be the first survivors of selection for resistance to this mode of action.

Caterpillars and worms can be an issue in July as well.

The presence of corn earworms with resistance to pyrethroid insecticides and tobacco budworms that pyrethroid insecticides do not control very well move us toward the more effective yet more expensive products on the market. To get complete control of these, you will need to spend the money.

Although at the time of this writing spider mites have declined, by July things could change. It is important to make sure your insect control practices do not induce spider mite outbreaks.

Next on the list is implementing a solid fungicide program to control leaf spot and southern stem rot diseases.

We have numerous fungicide options, and it is important to look closely at effectiveness, cost and presence of resistance in your area. Starting with a chlorothalonil treatment, often mixed with Alto, and then following up with two or three sprays for stem rot and leaf spot control is an effective program in general. The last few sprays need to contain chlorothalonil for late-season protection from leaf spot and resistance management.

Weather-based advisories are available in North Carolina to help fine-tune implementation of your fungicide program. One of our newest programs is Miravis plus either Elatus or Convoy. The latter two fungicides are for stem rot primarily, although Elatus provides leaf spot control as well.

When the higher rates of stem rot materials are used, this fungicide program can provide an entire month of control of both diseases. This is appealing from a logistical standpoint. While expensive, this program is competitive given the length of control it provides relative to other materials.

This column could go on and on, especially if written by a plant pathologist, but in brief we have a lot of good 22 /

THE PEANUT GROWER • JULY 2021

options for leaf spot and stem rot control. Keys to success are timeliness of sprays and ensuring peanuts are protected from the R3 development stage through the end of the season. In the Virginia-Carolina region, the end of the season in which leaf spot is still active could be mid-September or it could run well into October. We have seen both scenarios.

Protecting vines all the way to digging is critical as this gives us the greatest flexibility in when we dig relative to pod maturity. We can let peanuts reach optimum maturity if vines are healthy and not diseased. We also know that a little bit of disease can increase rapidly and tie our hands and give us less flexibility when it comes to digging. Good leaf spot control starts in late June and July.

As we move through July into August, there will be questions about tankmixing pesticides, micronutrients and the plant growth regulators Apogee/Kudos. Most of our work shows that performance of these products in the mixture is maintained at an adequate level, but there are some exceptions. Make sure components of the spray solution stay in place and do not settle before mixing the tank. Keep agitation going, and don’t let a tank containing multiple products sit overnight. Your local Extension agent and Extension specialist as well as those in agribusiness who are around these mixtures all the time will have information on compatibility of many of the possible combinations that can be applied.

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