Echoes Magazine Nov - Dec 2018

MAGAZINE

NOVEMBER & DECEMBER 2018 MARINE LIFE

GRAPHIC BIO

DAZED AND DISHEVELED

GREETINGS FROM HOLLYWOOD

Ouida Okey and Homefront Heroes

Sports Legend Jesse Owens

Sherwood Anderson's Walk to Winesburg

Ohio Stars of the Sixties

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Page 33

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Page 44 OHIOHIS TORY.ORG

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MAGA ZINE

Cover: Detail of a 1915 Marine Corps recruiting poster, If you want to fight! Join the Marines, illustrated by Ohio-born artist Howard Chandler Christy (1872–1952). See the full poster on page 31.

From Ohio History Connection Archival Collections.

Vol. 57, No. 6 EDITORS

Bill Eichenberger Tom Wolf CONTRIBUTORS

Emmy Beach Sandra G arner Stacey Halfmoon Osha Jones Kim Kiehl Raechel Morrow Karen Rober tson

Contents NOVEMBER & DECEMBER 2018

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Letter From CEO Burt Logan

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The Jesse Owens Story

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Sherwood Anderson— The Death of an Adman and the Birth of a Writer

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Decade of the Ohio Celebrities— Spotlight on Entertainers of the Sixties

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A Legacy for the Future

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Ohio History Connection Annual Revenue & Expenses

David A . Simmons Steve Spencer Rod Troyer ADVISORY BOARD

Susannah Cleveland B owlin g G re e n St ate Unive r sit y

Donna DeBlasio Youn gstown St ate Unive r sit y

Homefront Heroes— Ouida Okey and the First Female Marines

Their Father Was the Fastest Man in the World

Many Thanks to Our Generous Annual Supporters

Nishani Frazier Miami Unive r sit y

I N E AC H I S S U E

Rober t G enheimer Cin cinn ati Muse um Ce nte r

Stephen G eorge O hio Histor y Conne c tion

Alex Hastie O hio v. the World

G eorge Ironstrack Miami Unive r sit y

Chester Pach O hio Unive r sit y

Roger Pickenpaugh Historian an d Auth or

Daniel Rivers T he O hio St ate Unive r sit y

Erin Wingfield O hio Histor y Conne c tion

Echoes Magazine (ISSN 0012-933X) is published bimonthly and distributed by the Ohio History Connection as a benefit of Ohio History Connection membership.

Editorial Offices: Ohio History Connection, Ohio History Center, 800 E. 17th Ave., Columbus, OH 43211-2474 Phone 844.836.0012 • Email echoes@ohiohistory.org

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Contents What’s Your Story?

In the News Historic Sites & Museums At the Ohio History Center & Ohio Village Featured Events & Exhibits I Wish I’d Been There Young Eyes on the Past Reviews

Postmaster: Please send address changes to: Echoes Magazine, Ohio History Connection, Ohio History Center, 800 E. 17th Ave., Columbus, OH 43211-2474 Entire contents © 2018 by the Ohio History Connection.

All rights reserved. Nothing may be reprinted or electronically reproduced in whole or in part without written permission from the publisher. The Ohio History Connection accepts no responsibility for facts and opinions expressed by the authors.

2 Echoes | NOVEMBER & DECEMBER 2018

The Ohio History Connection is a

Like us on Facebook and follow us on Twitter @OhioHistory

Homefront Heroes OUIDA OKEY JOINS THE MARINES

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In August 1918, more than a year after the United States entered World War I, the U.S. Marine Corps, plagued with a personnel shortage, sent out a call for women to enlist. Ouida Okey of Graysville, Ohio, was one of only 300 women chosen for the Corps out of a pool of thousands.

The Jesse Owens Story GRAPHIC BIO OF A SPORTS LEGEND Born in Oakville, Alabama, in 1913, Jesse Owens was the son of a sharecropper and the grandson of a slave. Nine years later, he moved to Cleveland. He began running track in junior high school and went on to gain fame at Ohio State and to dominate the 1936 Olympics in Berlin.

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THE BIRTH OF A WRITER In 1912, Sherwood Anderson walked away from the business he owned in Elyria—on foot—and disappeared for four days before turning up in Cleveland, dazed and disheveled. His nervous breakdown led to the dissolution of his marriage and the end of his business career but helped launch him into the world of writing and led, indirectly, to his classic American short-story cycle, Winesburg, Ohio.

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SPOTLIGHT ON ENTERTAINERS OF THE SIXTIES Throughout the 1960s, Ohioans entertained the nation. Dean Martin and Doris Day had high-rated shows. Phyllis Diller and Jonathan Winters made us all laugh. Paul Newman was on the ascent. What was it about that turbulent decade that produced so many talented and beloved Ohio entertainers?

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A MESSAGE FROM BURT LOGAN CEO & EXECUTIVE DIREC TOR , OHIO HISTORY CONNEC TION

Our mission is to spark discovery of Ohio’s stories. Embrace the present, share the past and transform the future.

As the state’s partner in preserving and sharing Ohio history, we’re committed to managing Ohio’s historic resources responsibly and with respect.

Since 1933, we’ve owned Octagon Earthworks as steward of this remarkable ancient American Indian site for the public. It’s part of the larger Newark Earthworks, unmatched anywhere in the world for their enormous scale, geometric precision and astronomical alignments.

Since 1910, Moundbuilders Country Club has leased Octagon Earthworks as the site of Moundbuilders Country Club and golf course. Under the present lease, which would not expire until 2078, public access to much of Octagon Earthworks is limited to four special open houses a year.

To provide full public access to Octagon Earthworks, we’ve been negotiating with Moundbuilders Country Club since 2013. Earlier this year, we concluded that our only remaining option for achieving full public access is to acquire the lease. The Ohio History Connection already owns the Octagon Earthworks property. We would simply be purchasing the lease on it.

On Aug. 28, we announced that if we were unable to reach an agreement with Moundbuilders Country Club, the Ohio Attorney General would file for acquisition of the lease in Licking County Common Pleas Court.

Collectively, Ohio’s Hopewell Ceremonial Earthworks—comprising Octagon Earthworks in Newark, Fort Ancient near Oregonia and Lebanon, and Hopewell Culture National Historical Park near Chillicothe— represent the world’s largest concentration of monumental ancient American Indian architecture. They display astonishing scope, beauty and precision and contain archaeological evidence of the remarkable Native American culture that lived here 2,000 years ago.

Our efforts to provide full public access to Octagon Earthworks are a step toward preparing to share the story of Ohio’s Hopewell Earthworks as a destination on the World Heritage List.

The world’s highest honor for cultural and natural sites, the World Heritage List includes places of universal importance, such as the Grand Canyon in Arizona, the Taj Mahal in India and the Great Wall of China. There are 1,073 World Heritage Sites in 167 countries, including 23 in the United States.

As we reported in the July & August Echoes Magazine, Ohio’s Hopewell Ceremonial Earthworks recently secured U.S. Department of the Interior approval for a forthcoming U.S. nomination to the World Heritage List.

When the nomination is completed and approved, Ohio’s 2,000-year-old Hopewell Ceremonial Earthworks—Octagon Earthworks included—will hold an official place among the most significant cultural wonders on Earth, the first Ohio site to do so. World Heritage Site designation would raise awareness of Ohio’s ancient Hopewell sites internationally, benefiting Licking, Ross and Warren countians, Ohioans, American Indian tribes and heritage travelers worldwide.

Our goal in purchasing the lease is to position the Octagon Earthworks to better share their remarkable story through full public access, appropriate to an ancient site of international significance.

What’s In every issue of Echoes Magazine, we feature the stories of Ohio History Connection members and other Ohioans to stoke memories and shed light on our shared past.

For this issue, we asked,

“Which local department store in Ohio is in your holiday memories, and what do you remember about it during the holiday season?”

Here are some of your responses: POGUE’S, CINCINNATI Pogue’s, for sure! They had a walkway to the “North Pole” with ice skaters, animals, reindeer named Poguey and Patter, Christmas trees, snowmen and carolers. There was a mailbox to send your list to Santa. My mom would take us downtown to see this, mail our letters to Santa, then visit the Cincinnati Gas & Electric Co. display of toy trains.

Great memories!

– Kim Forsythe, Huntsville

SHILLITO’S, CINCINNATI I remember the Christmas display in the window of Shillito’s downtown. My husband and I took our twin nephews there each year to see the reindeer, Santa and other parts of the magnificent holiday display. It became our Christmas tradition. –Joanne Elaine Stephens, Cincinnati Shillito’s elves are a big deal in Cincinnati. They have a website, thesantaworkshop.com/history, with a very interesting history.

–Chad Hoelsher, West Chester 4 Echoes | NOVEMBER & DECEMBER 2018

Your Story?

OHIO DEPARTMENT STORES

HIGBEE’S, CLEVELAND

LAZARUS, COLUMBUS

I loved the Twigbee shop at Higbee’s in downtown Cleveland. We’d take the Rapid in from my cousins’ house in Cleveland Heights and make a day of it. The elves would greet us at the door, and my parents would leave us in their charge to buy gifts for our parents and grandparents. The elves usually encouraged us to buy a deck of cards or a shaving kit for our father, and I remember buying many stick-pin brooches for my mother. After shopping, we’d go to Higbee's restaurant and order lunch, which came in a cardboard stove. I thought it was magic.

For four kids from Groveport, there was only one place we wanted to be at Christmas—Lazarus in downtown Columbus. Outside, the animated windows kept us glued to the glass.

Inside were the wonders of the sixthfloor toy department (Boy, did I want that Chitty Chitty Bang Bang car from Corgi!), with talking Mr. Tree and the long, winding path of Santaland, which split into three differentcolored paths at the end. (We didn’t discover until much later in life that those three paths led to three different Santas.) There were clown sundaes in the Colonial Room and, most of all, there was the Secret Gift Shop, with a door so small that only kids could go in to buy “secret” presents for Mom and Dad. It was all too amazing!

HALLE’S, HIGBEE’S, KRESGE’S & THE MAY COMPANY, CLEVELAND No Christmas shopping trip was complete without a bus ride to downtown Cleveland. We’d go to Halle’s to see Mr. Jingeling [“Keeper of the Keys” to Santa’s workshop] and get a souvenir key; walk through the square to see the window decorations; and make a stop at Higbee’s Twigbee shop. Then we’d go for a BLT, hot cocoa and cheap shopping at Kresge's on East Fourth. My favorite was the May Company, a beautiful store with hardwood floors and long glass counters. It always smelled wonderful in there, expensive. Stepping out onto Public Square, the smell of roasting nuts and popcorn would hit you from Morrow's Nut House. One year, our parents took us to the observation level in the Terminal Tower. I accidentally spilled scalding hot chocolate onto my mitten and ended up in an emergency room. Most of the time, Christmas shopping was without the parents—usually just my older siblings and me. Gee—I wonder why, after the Terminal Tower incident!

–Stephanie Pelka Cole, Cleveland

–Carol Luckel, Kissimmee, Florida

–Mark Wyatt, Beaumont, Texas

From Ohio History Connection Archival Collections

–Darci Faulkner Madden, St. Louis

My best memory was going to Lazarus and visiting Santa. But seeing him wasn't the best part— that was the walkway leading to him, which had Rudolph and other reindeer and animated characters in a North Pole setting. After the visit, Mom would give my brother and me some change and we’d go to the Secret Gift Shop and buy a gift. Parents weren’t allowed in the little shop and I felt like Rockefeller doing my own shopping. I was about five to seven years old— it would have been around 1956.

Lazarus Secret Gift Shop, 1957 Image: Mr. Jingeling Souvenir Key, Higbee’s, 1985 Courtesy Tom Wolf

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Tree of lights atop Lazarus circa 1965

My dad, [Columbus Citizen-Journal columnist] Mike Harden, was the Lazarus Santa for a day in ‘79 or ‘80.

He did it for an article, something about the hell those guys go through.

My brother Erik, my sister Annie and I went to see him, sat on his lap and didn’t even know it was him. I have a picture of it somewhere—he looked so ground down. How did we not recognize that nose?

–Aaron Harden, Columbus

RIKE’S, DAY TON Christmas season meant a bus trip from Middletown to Rike’s in downtown Dayton. My mother and her sister loaded us on Ohio Bus Lines on a Saturday morning in early December. We visited Toyland, where Santa listened to our wishes, then we ate lunch in a restaurant where an attentive waitress doted on us. Finally, we begrudgingly followed my mom through the ladies’ clothing department. As daylight receded, we stood in front of the store windows.

Then the bus headed back to Middletown and we dozed off. Back at the bus station, my dad picked us up and listened attentively as we shared our adventures with him.

–Rose Hume, Upper Arlington 6 Echoes | NOVEMBER & DECEMBER 2018

Model airplanes in Lazarus toy department circa 1950–1959

We always went to Rike’s to see the elaborate model railroad in the toy department and the animated Christmas scenes. One year, my mother took my three-year-old brother back to finish shopping. In a burst of Christmas spirit (or insanity) she had bought him a chocolate bar.

Just inside the door, the train-mad three-year-old recognized the store and remembered the trains. Pulling his hand away from Mom’s, he raced away. By the time she reacted, he’d reached the escalator. That it was the down escalator bothered him not a bit, and the well-dressed customers, seeing the chocolate on his face and hands, parted like the Red Sea. They parted again as my mother barreled up behind him.

The paper ran a column of vignettes seen around town. The next day’s included a description of a “woman chasing a small boy up the down escalator in Rike’s.”

– K.M. Dawson, Englewood

THE BARR STORE, KENTON The Barr Store was my favorite.

They had a toy department in the basement. I loved going down there to check out all the toys and games.

They always had the whole store decorated for Christmas as if they were Macy's in New York—at least that's what I thought. And the lunch counter was so cool year-round.

– Ed Kissling, Canton

MCKELVEY’S AND STROUSSHIRSHBERG, YOUNGSTOWN Riding the big city bus was a big deal in the late 1950s. We would get dressed up to go with Mom downtown. Santa and the beautiful windows at McKelvey’s and StroussHirshberg were waiting for us.

Youngstown was a bustling place then. Decorations were everywhere!

The toy departments just sparkled with all the items every child dreamed of, and Santa was there— the real Santa, we just knew it.

– Colleen Pruszkowski Solinger, Austintown

Lazarus images from Ohio History Connection Archival Collections Animated window Santa's Christmas Circus at Lazarus in downtown Columbus circa 1950–1959

MARTING’S, PORTSMOUTH

STERLING LINDNER, CLEVELAND

It was a very sad day for Portsmouth and southern Ohio when Marting’s closed.

"America's tallest indoor live tree" was a 40-year tradition at Cleveland's Sterling Lindner store, starting in 1927.

Courtesy Tom Wolf

Courtesy Tom Wolf

– Paige Harmon, Columbus

WHAT’S YOUR STORY? We want to know your stories, so in every issue of Echoes Magazine we ask you a question, then run selected answers in the following issue. Here’s the question for January & February: How long have you lived in Ohio, and what's your family's story? Are you a third-generation descendant of immigrants? Did your grandparents speak German or Polish or Italian at home?

Or maybe you recently moved here from another part of the United States?

Email your story responses (50 to 150 words) by Nov. 12 to echoes@ohiohistory.org or, if you follow us on Facebook, send us a Facebook message.

Christmas tree at Sterling & Welch Co., circa 1950

72-foot tree in the Sterling Lindner store, Cleveland, 1965

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In the News Recent Ohio Additions to the National Register of Historic Places

Urbana Country Club State Historic Preservation Office

URBANA • CHAMPAIGN COUNT Y URBANA COUNTRY CLUB 4761 E. U.S. Highway 36

CLEVELAND • CUYAHOGA COUNT Y J. SPANG BAKING CO. 2707 Barber Ave.

COLUMBUS • FRANKLIN COUNT Y H.C. GODMAN CO. BUILDING 35 N. Fourth St.

Associated with Cleveland’s GermanAmerican business community, the J. Spang Baking Co. operated from 1887 to 1958. Husband and wife Julius and Fredericka Spang started the bakery out of their Barber Avenue home.

It grew to be among the largest in Ohio, offering home-delivery service first by horse-drawn wagon and later by truck. The building, with two sections—the Bakery, and the Wagon Room and Garage—plus incremental additions, illustrates the growth of the company from 1906 to 1937.

In 1918, the H.C. Godman Co. employed over 1,800 people and was on its way to becoming Ohio’s largest shoe manufacturer. This five-story building in downtown Columbus housed its administrative and sales functions from 1916 to 1931, supporting five Godman shoe factories in Columbus and Lancaster.

The Columbus architectural firm Richards, McCarty and Bulford designed the steel-frame and poured-concrete office building.

It’s been added to the National Register for its association with the city’s industrial history.

8 Echoes | NOVEMBER & DECEMBER 2018

Urbana Country Club has been added to the National Register for its association with the history of recreation in Urbana from 1923, when the nine-hole golf course opened, to 1930, when the Colonialstyle clubhouse was built, through the 1950s, when updates including a golf-cart barn, swimming pool and six storm shelters were made.

Through its bucolic setting and golf course layout, Urbana Country Club reflects local interest in golf as a recreational sport. Urbana Country Club is also associated with the Dye family of golf architects.

MASSILLON • STARK COUNT Y MASSILLON DOWNTOWN HISTORIC DISTRICT Roughly bounded by First St., Tremont Ave., Third St. and Federal Ave.

The Massillon Downtown Historic District reflects the growth of Massillon from 1835 to 1968. The original town that James Duncan platted next to the Ohio and Erie Canal in 1826 is still evident in the layout of streets on a grid, with commercial development focused around the intersection of Erie Street

BOARD OF TRUSTEES

Call For Nominations

and Lincoln Way. Rows of two- and three-story commercial buildings that form intact streetscapes on primary streets illustrate Massillon’s growth in the industrialized second half of the 19th century. The city’s inclusion on the Lincoln Highway, a

in the 1950s included the addition of several modern office and bank buildings. The 88 historic buildings in the district represent the work of at least five architectural firms, including the prominent local firm Albrecht and Wilhelm.

The Ohio History Connection is seeking exceptional candidates for member-elected seats on the board of trustees. Terms are three years, beginning at the Annual Meeting in June 2019. Ohio History Connection members may submit nominations in writing to Board of Trustees—Nominating Committee, Ohio History Connection, 800 E. 17th Ave., Columbus, OH 43211-2474, or by emailing executivedirector@ohiohistory.org.

Please include the name, address, telephone number and email address (if available) for yourself and your nominee. Also, include a short paragraph explaining why your nominee should be considered for a seat on the board.

Deadline to submit nominations is Fri., Feb. 1, 2019. The nominating committee will evaluate all nominations and report their proposed candidates to the board of trustees. We’ll send ballots to all Ohio History Connection members in May 2019 and announce results at the Annual Meeting in June 2019. The board has 21 members—nine elected by Ohio History Connection members, nine appointed by the governor and three elected by the board.

CHESAPEAKE • LAWRENCE COUNT Y

CHESAPEAKE HIGH SCHOOL transcontinental automobile route established in 1913, helped ensure that downtown Massillon would thrive as a business center through the mid-20th century. Institutional landmarks from the early decades of the 20th century—such as the post office, library, museum, churches and YMCA, as well as larger multistory bank and office buildings and department stores—occupy primary downtown corners. Construction

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Before completing Chesapeake High in 1925, the village of Chesapeake had no high school building. Upperlevel students traveled to other districts, including schools across the Ohio River in West Virginia. The new school enabled Chesapeake to introduce a standardized high school curriculum. It served as the village high school until 1956.

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On Exhibits See these and other special exhibits currently on display at Ohio History Connection museums.

BLACK HERITAGE THROUGH VISUAL RHY THMS

The fifth annual Black Heritage Through Visual Rhythms juried art show continues at the Ohio History Center in Columbus through Sun., Jan. 21, featuring 69 original paintings, quilts, sculptures and prints by visual artists of African descent from Ohio and beyond.

According to Curator Rosa Rojas, “The artwork reflects the vision and perspectives related to the African diaspora and African American culture and history. All of the artwork submitted this year is very strong, so we’re confident that this year’s show will be one of our best yet.”

Judging this year’s show were Cleveland artist and gallery owner Edward Everett Parker; Columbus artist Queen Brooks; and sculptor Andrew Scott, associate professor of Art and Technology at the University of Texas at Dallas.

Exhibit sponsors include the Ohio History Connection, the National Afro-American Museum & Cultural Center and Columbus’s King Arts Complex in partnership with the African American Visual Artists Guild of Dayton. This is the first time that the annual exhibit is in Columbus. Earlier exhibits have been at the Ohio History Connection’s National Afro-American Museum & Cultural Center in Wilberforce.

Black Heritage Through Visual Rhythms is included with Ohio History Center museum admission. Ohio History Connection members enjoy free admission.

CREATIVE OHIO

A new exhibit at the Ohio History Center in Columbus, Creative Ohio—Artists, Artwork & Their Inspiration, explores the work and creative processes of four Ohio artists, using pieces from Ohio History Connection collections: Paul-Henri Bourguignon (1906–1988), Emerson Burkhart (1905–1969), William Hawkins (1895– 1990) and Josephine Klippart (1848–1936). You’ll find this intimate exhibit on the History Mall, where you’ll also find supplies for creating your own masterpiece. Curators plan to feature more Ohio artists in this new space over time.

10 Echoes | NOVEMBER & DECEMBER 2018

Buffalo Soldiers by Clifford Darrett, Black Heritage Through Visual Rhythms National Afro-American Museum & Cultural Center

FAMILIES OF SERVICE

At Hayes Presidential Library & Museums in Fremont, see what combat might have been like in a World War I trench and explore what the inside of a German U-boat looked like during the special exhibit A Family of Service—The Hayeses in World War I. On exhibit in the Hayes Museum, it explores U.S. involvement in World War I through the experiences of eight Hayes family members who served in “the war to end all wars.” It covers boot camp, protests against the war, the war at sea and on land, commanding the troops and Navy, and tending to the wounded.

“Members of the Hayes family served in nearly every capacity of the war effort, from the Navy to the Western Front to training camps stateside,” says Kevin Moore, Hayes associate curator of artifacts. Through photos, letters and artifacts, the exhibit shares their experiences, from Mary Miller Hayes’s service in the Red Cross and YMCA in France, to Dalton Smith Hayes’s combat on the Western Front in France. The exhibit, which continues through May 27, 2019, is included with regular admission to the Hayes Museum. Ohio History Connection members enjoy free admission.

At Cincinnati’s Harriet Beecher Stowe House through Sun., Nov. 18, learn about another family of service in the exhibit “To Give It All to This Cause”—The Beecher Family & the Civil War. Perhaps no family was more famously involved in events leading up to the Civil War than the children of the Rev. Lyman Beecher. Learn how Edward Beecher, Harriet Beecher Stowe and Henry Ward Beecher were involved on the homefront, and how James Beecher, Frederick Stowe and Frederick Beecher experienced the war firsthand. The exhibit is included with Harriet Beecher Stowe House admission. Ohio History Connection members enjoy free admission.

November is National Native American Heritage Month Each year since President George H.W. Bush first signed a resolution in 1990, November’s been designated National Native American Heritage Month.

“It’s a time to celebrate the diverse American Indian cultures, stories, governments and communities that are interwoven with the history of our state and nation,” says Stacey Halfmoon, Ohio History Connection Director of American Indian Relations.

Nest, by Josephine Klippart, Creative Ohio—Artists, Artwork & Their Inspiration Ohio History Connection Collections

BEHIND THE MASK

Behind the Mask—Black Power in Comics continues through Sat., Jan. 26, at the National Afro-American Museum & Cultural Center in Wilberforce. (See Echoes Magazine, September & October 2018.) Also on display through Jan. 26 is Color Outside the Lines—Celebrating 30 Years at NAAMCC, the museum’s 30th-anniversary exhibit. African Americans Fighting for a Double Victory, a long-term exhibit about African American service in World War II, continues, with a special presentation at 2 p.m. on Sat., Nov. 10, by Dr. Anthony Milburn of Central State University about the 477th Bomber Group, the only black bomber group of World War II.

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National Afro-American Museum & Cultural Center

Visit ohiohistory.org/places for hours and admission to these Ohio History Connection museums. Ohio History Connection members enjoy free admission.

“For over 10,000 years—long before it was the state of Ohio— this region was home to American Indian people. Generation upon generation of Native people lived here, were buried here, built mounds and earthworks, grew crops and fought to defend their land. This was home,” Halfmoon says.

“It is important to remember that these many Tribal Nations, with strong ties to the land we now call Ohio, still exist today,” Halfmoon adds.

The Ohio History Connection’s mission is to share those stories in an effort to build the most comprehensive history of Ohio.

Because of Ohio’s rich American Indian heritage, the Ohio History Connection works with federally recognized tribal governments on a variety of issues, among them interpreting sites like the Newark Earthworks or Fallen Timbers Battlefield Memorial Park, caring for American Indian objects in Ohio History Connection collections, and offering meaningful American Indian resources and educational programming.

AT THE OHIO HISTORY CENTER

Fri, Nov. 9 & Sat., Nov. 10, at the Ohio History Center in Columbus, you’re invited to celebrate National Native American Heritage Month by trying some traditional Native food.

Expressions Catering will be on hand from 11 a.m.–5 p.m., serving delicious fry bread, soups and more. Visit ohiohistory. org/nativefood for a menu.

Sat., Nov. 17, at Noon at the Ohio History Center, hear from Alex Wesaw, acting treasurer of the Pokagon Band of Potawatomi, a tribe federally recognized in Michigan and Indiana. He’ll share the history and culture of the Pokagon Band of Potawatomi and discuss current tribal efforts in preservation, working with the Ohio History Connection.

Wesaw serves on the Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Tribal Council as a councilmember-at-large. In 2018, he was appointed acting treasurer of the tribe and its Four Winds Casino Resorts. Currently pursuing a Ph.D. in City and Regional Planning at The Ohio State University, Wesaw is originally from Bremen, Ohio, and lives in Columbus.

LEARN ABOUT OHIO’S NATIVE HISTORY

Halfmoon says “We hope you’ll be inspired to learn about Ohio’s rich Native history using resources like the archives, library and exhibits at the Ohio History Center and by visiting the many American Indian sites in the Ohio History Connection network (ohiohistory.org/places). This November, and all year long, we hope you’ll celebrate and honor the rich American Indian heritage of Ohio.”

Learn more at ohiohistory.org/americanindianrelations

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A Few of Our Favorite Things Shop our Ohio History Store online at ohiohistorystore.com or in person at the Ohio History Center in Columbus for these and other merry gifts!

1. OHIO-SHAPED COLLAPSIBLE BASKET

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Made of solid oak by Amish craftsman John Keim, our Ohio basket is great for snacks. Formed with one continuous saw cut, it stores flat when not in use. Comes treated with non-toxic oil. Clean with a damp cloth if necessary. 7.5" x 8" x 8" high when open. $22.00

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2. PENDLETON HARDINGDESIGN BLANKET (In-Store Only) When Florence Harding visited Oregon in 1923, Chief Cap Sumkins of the Cayuse Tribe and Chief Poker Jim of the Umatilla Tribe presented the first lady with a newly designed blanket based on the Chief Joseph Blanket by Pendleton. It remains one of the most sought-after American Indian patterns made by Pendleton Woolen Mills. 64" x 80". $249.00 Shop our Ohio History Store at the Ohio History Center in Columbus for mugs and more Pendleton products.

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Shop ohiohistorystore.com 24/7 or at the Ohio History Center in Columbus Weds.–Sun. 10 a.m.–5 p.m. Questions? Call 800.797.2357.

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3. LIZ FRANKLIN NECKLACE AND EARRINGS (In-Store Only)

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5. VINTAGE-STYLE TIN TOYS 5A. Chrome Planet Robot

These Ohio-themed necklaces and earrings

by Ohio artist Liz Franklin are highly textured and oxidized, with words and phrases expressing local and state pride, using copper, brass, aluminum and nuts and bolts for an Industrial Chic look.

An exact replica of the 1950s alltime favorite Robby the Robot, our Chrome Planet Robot walks with a sparking action behind his red cello face shield. Complete with fantasy box. 8.5" tall. $39.99

3A. Earrings in Various Styles

5B. Duck on Bike This classic

$25.00–$30.00 Each

wind-up toy is all tin except the rubber tires. Use the key to wind up the colorfully dressed duck and watch him pedal his bike while the propeller on his hat spins. 8" tall. $16.99

3B. Necklaces in Various Styles $40.00 Each

4. LET OHIO WOMEN VOTE This graphic from a 1915 postcard in Ohio History Connection collections features a color image based on Ohio’s state seal, with a woman's face framed by the rising sun and the slogan “Let Ohio Women Vote.”

5C. Duck Family This adorable little duck family loves taking a walk. Just turn the key and watch the cute little ducklings follow Momma! Measures 14" x 2.5" x 3.75" in box. $15.99

4A. Journal $9.99 4B. T-Shirt (In-Store Only) $24.99–$26.99 4C. Poster 11” x 17” (Not Pictured) $5.99 4D. Magnet (Not Pictured) $6.00

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6. MAMMOTHS AND MASTODONS 6A. 22” Plush Mammoth $31.99 6B. 10” Plush Mammoth $8.75 6C. Children’s Book: Mammoths and Mastodons: Titans of the Ice Age,

by Cheryl Bardoe $19.95

7. SWEET OHIO HONEY GIFT BOX Give the perfect sweet gift from Ohio's own Nature's Honey Tree. This set features 1/2 lb. of 100% pure raw honey, 1/2 lb. of 100% pure maple syrup and hand-poured, 100% all-natural beeswax candle. $24.99

8.CHILDREN’S BOOK: DRUMMER BOY, BY LOREN LONG In a wintry little town, a drummer boy appears on a child's doorstep. The drummer boy performs, warming the child's heart and the hearts of others, from a rat to an owl to a snowman. In a touching conclusion, his own heart is warmed as he plays to his most perfect audience: the baby in a manger. $7.99

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All gifts are available online or in person except those marked In-Store Only.

Ohio orders add 7.5% sales tax plus shipping and handling.

6B

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OHIOHIS TORY.ORG

Ohio History Connection members enjoy a 10 percent discount online and at the Ohio History Store.

13

PURCHASE YOUR GIFT TODAY!

Give the Gift of Ohio History C’mon, admit it. Dad doesn’t want another tie.

Mom doesn’t want another scarf.

Why not give the gift of an Ohio History Connection membership, which includes free regular admission to more than 50 Ohio History Connection museums and attractions around the state; special event and shopping discounts; and a subscription to our bimonthly Echoes Magazine. Talk about a gift that keeps on giving!

A NO-BRAINER

THIS HOLIDAY SEASON

When Doug Clark was looking for a gift for his two sons, Ryan, 38, and Adam, 37, he figured a membership was a no-brainer.

Give the Gift of Ohio History!

“First of all, both boys were history majors in college and started out as history teachers,” Clark says. “Ryan has two boys now and Adam has a son and a daughter, so they’re both at that time in life where they’re taking their families to museums, the public library, the zoo.”

A yearly membership includes:

“It’s really turned out to be a terrific investment,” Clark says. “They’ve gone to the Ohio History Center museum several times and recently went down to watch the Ohio Village Muffins play ‘base ball.’ And they’ve discovered and visited places around Ohio that they probably wouldn’t have heard about otherwise, like the Fort Recovery Museum & Monument, Serpent Mound and Armstrong Air & Space Museum.”

• FREE admission to 50+ Ohio historic sites and museums • Special discounts • Echoes Magazine • And more!

Current members save 20% on all new Ohio History Connection gift memberships!

Use code Holiday18 when you purchase online.

(Nov. 1, 2018–Jan. 2, 2019)

Visit ohiohistory.org/join or call 800.686.1545.

Has the gift worked out well?

SATISFY AN INTEREST IN OHIO HISTORY

Lois Fulmer has been buying gift memberships for her daughter, Kathy Waller, on and off for more than a decade now.

“Our entire family has an enduring interest in Ohio’s history,” Fulmer says, “so what better way to satisfy that interest than with an Ohio History Connection membership?”

One display at the Ohio History Center held special meaning for Fulmer when she visited to see the prefab Lustron house featured in the exhibit 1950s: Building the American Dream.

“I walked out of the Lustron house and across the hallway past the 1957 Chevrolet and camper, and bam!—there was my picture,” Fulmer says.

In 1956, Fulmer had been in the Girl Scouts. Her troop’s picture, preserved in perpetuity by the Ohio History Connection, was on display in the 1950s exhibit.

“I was laughing and I said to my friends and family, ‘I thought only dead people wound up on exhibit at the Ohio History Center!’”

Fulmer said her daughter never tires of visiting the Ohio History Center or historic sites.

“We can go time and time again. If you’ve been once and think there’s nothing left to see, you couldn’t be more wrong.”

ORDER NOW

To order memberships and give the gift of Ohio history, call 800.686.1545 or visit ohiohistory.org/join. Current Ohio History Connection members save 20 percent on new gift memberships starting Nov. 1 through Jan. 2.

14 Echoes | NOVEMBER & DECEMBER 2018

O HI O HIS TO RY CO NNEC T I O N

Historic Sites & Museums NORTHWEST OHIO 1. Armstrong Air & Space Museum 2. Cedar Bog Nature Preserve 3. Cooke-Dorn House 4. Fallen Timbers Battlefield Memorial Park 5. Fort Amanda Memorial Park 6. Fort Jefferson Memorial Park 7. Fort Meigs 8. Fort Recovery Museum & Monument 9. Glacial Grooves Geological Preserve 10. Hayes Presidential Library & Museums 11. Indian Mill 12. Inscription Rock Petroglyphs 13. Johnston Farm & Indian Agency 14. Lockington Locks

NORTHEAST OHIO 15. Custer Monument 16. Fort Laurens 17. McCook House 18. Museum of Ceramics 19. Quaker Yearly Meeting House 20. Schoenbrunn Village 21. Shaker Historical Museum 22. Tallmadge Church 23. Youngstown Historical Center of Industry & Labor 24. Zoar Village

SOUTHWEST OHIO 33. Adena Mansion & Gardens 34. Davis Memorial Nature Preserve 35. Fort Ancient Earthworks & Nature Preserve 36. Fort Hill Earthworks & Nature Preserve

CENTRAL OHIO

SOUTHEAST OHIO

37. Harriet Beecher Stowe House 38. John Rankin House 39. Miamisburg Mound

47. Big Bottom Memorial Park 48. Buckeye Furnace

26. Hanby House

40. National Afro-American Museum & Cultural Center

27. Logan Elm

41. Paul Laurence Dunbar House

50. Campus Martius Museum

28. Newark Earthworks

42. Serpent Mound

51. John & Annie Glenn Museum

29. Ohio History Center & Ohio Village

43. Story Mound

52. Leo Petroglyphs & Nature Preserve

30. Shrum Mound

44. U.S. Grant Birthplace

53. National Road & Zane Grey Museum

31. Wahkeena Nature Preserve

45. U.S. Grant Boyhood Home & Schoolhouse

54. Ohio River Museum

32. Warren G. Harding Home & Memorial

46. William Henry Harrison Tomb

55. Our House Tavern

25. Flint Ridge Ancient Quarries & Nature Preserve

49. Buffington Island Battlefield Memorial Park

Ohio History Connection members enjoy free regular admission to these museums and attractions.

Find locations, hours and more at ohiohistory.org/places.

OHIOHIS TORY.ORG

15

P R O G R A M S & E X H I B I T S AT T H E

Ohio History Center & Ohio Village

Enjoy the following programs free with museum admission.* Questions? Call 800.686.6124.

FIRST FRIDAY FILM SERIES NOV. 2: THE WIZARD OF OZ DEC. 7: RISE OF THE GUARDIANS JAN. 4: BEDKNOBS AND BROOMSTICKS 5–9 P.M. WITH MOVIE AT 7 P.M. Join us for an evening of family fun at a nice price. Starting at 5 p.m., museum admission is just $8, $4/ages 6–12, Free/ Ohio History Connection member or ages 3 & under. Explore the exhibits, enjoy special First Friday activities and catch a family-friendly movie starting at 7 p.m.

Our movie seating capacity is 300. Pick up movie tickets at check-in, first-come, first-served. Snacks and beer, wine and soft drinks available for purchase.

Presidential History Tour SAT., NOV. 3 F NOON–12:30 P.M. On this guided tour, explore Ohio’s presidential heritage through related items on display in the museum.

ECHOES IN TIME THEATRE

Cincinnati’s Train to Nowhere SAT., NOV. 3, 10, 17 & 24 F 1 & 3 P.M. In 1916, with the automobile still in its infancy, Cincinnati conceived plans to build a subway. With 2.2 miles of tunnels completed, the project ceased in 1928. The city’s subway tunnels now sit abandoned. Join a citizen of the Queen City as he talks about the unfinished work in this one-person live performance. About 30–45 minutes.

16 Echoes | NOVEMBER & DECEMBER 2018

normalcy”—a return to life as it was before the First World War. But the war drew women into the workforce, saw African American soldiers serving side-by-side with French infantry, and degraded Germans and other immigrant groups. Could these significant changes in American society be undone? Join Becky Preiss Odom, history curator, to explore the immediate and lasting impacts of World War I on Ohioans.

Lost Columbus Malls SAT., NOV. 3 F 2–2:30 P.M. From Northland to City Center, dead malls litter the history of shopping in Columbus. In this talk, learn more about the heyday and downfall of some of the capital’s lost shopping centers. Bring your memories to share!

A Brief History of the Columbus Fire Department THURS., NOV. 8 F 2–3 P.M. A Conestoga Program Hear Bill Hall, president and executive director of the Central Ohio Fire Museum, historian for the Columbus Division of Fire and retired firefighter, share some history of the capital city’s fire department. This free program, open to all, is sponsored by Conestoga, a volunteer fundraising support group for the Ohio History Connection.

NATIONAL NATIVE AMERICAN HERITAGE MONTH

Traditional Native Foods FRI, NOV. 9 & SAT., NOV. 10 11 A.M.–5 P.M. Celebrate National Native American Heritage Month by sampling some traditional Native food. Expressions Catering will be on hand, selling delicious fry bread, soups and more. Visit ohiohistory.org/nativefood for a menu.

EXHIBIT TOUR

WWI Home Front SUN., NOV. 11 F NOON–12:30 P.M. A century ago, American soldiers were fighting “over there” and most of Ohio’s 4.7 million citizens were actively involved in the war effort at home. On this guided tour of our World War I display, see Red Cross, Liberty Loan and enlistment posters, tools for raising victory gardens and home-canning produce, century-old blue-star service flags and many more reminders of the war on the home front.

Ohio’s Role in World War I— People, Places, Numbers, Units & Memorials SUN., NOV. 11 F 2–2:30 P.M. In this talk by Manuscripts Curator John Haas, get an overview of the numbers, units, people, places and memorials that resulted from Ohio’s involvement in “the Great War.” EXHIBIT TOUR

Black Heritage Through Visual Rhythms SAT., NOV. 17 F 11:30 A.M.–NOON Enjoy a guided tour of our new visual arts exhibit Black Heritage Through Visual Rhythms. (See page 19.)

Return to Normalcy—The Impact & Legacy of World War I SAT., NOV. 10 F 2–2:30 P.M. In 1920, presidential candidate Warren G. Harding promised a “return to

*Museum admission is $12; $10/age 60+; $6/age 4–12; Free/Ohio History Connection member or age 3 & under.

“““

Unwrapping Our Collection

“

It’s our holiday present to you!

“““

Weekends in December, enjoy access to Ohio History Center museum collections in the form of guided tours based on some fun themes. With a collection as big as ours— 1.8 million items—it can be daunting to see and

Lustron House Decorated for the Holidays NOV. 23–JAN. 6

Thanksgiving Family Friday— Air & Space NOV. 23 From Ohio History Connection Archival Collections

appreciate it all, so let us be your guide!

Tour: Choose Your Own Adventure SAT., DEC. 1 & 15 F NOON–12:30 P.M.

NATIONAL NATIVE AMERICAN HERITAGE MONTH

A Conversation With Alex Wesaw SAT., NOV. 17 F NOON–12:30 P.M. November is National Native American Heritage Month. Join us to hear from Alex Wesaw of the Pokagon Band of Potawatomi, a tribe federally recognized in Michigan and Indiana. Learn about the tribe’s history and culture and hear about current tribal efforts in historic preservation and in working with the Ohio History Connection.

Lustron House Decorated for the Holidays + Holiday Train Display FRI., NOV. 23–SUN., JAN. 6 WEDS.–SUN. 10 A.M.–5 P.M. It’s Christmas, 1950s-style, in our real, fully furnished Lustron house! Drop by to see how Dotty and Bob have decorated and check out little Jimmy’s model train display, courtesy of the Central Ohio Model Railroad Club.

THANKSGIVING FAMILY FRIDAY

Air & Space FRI., NOV. 23 MUSEUM OPEN 10 A.M.–5 P.M. Bring your out-of-town guests to enjoy special air-and-space-themed programming. In a special appearance, NASA scientists will join us at Noon and 2 p.m. to talk about life in space and Ohio's role in the skies. Check ohiohistory.org/ calendar for more information.

ECHOES IN TIME THEATRE

Victorian Christmas Traditions SAT., DEC. 1, 8, 15 & 29 PERFORMANCES AT 1 & 3 P.M. As Charles Dickens wrote in A Christmas Carol, no one knew how to celebrate Christmas better than Ebenezer Scrooge (at least after his visit from the ghosts of Christmas Past, Present and Yet to Come). In this one-actor performance, hear how people celebrated Christmas during Dickens’s lifetime and learn what Victorian traditions have stood the test of time and live on today. About 30–45 minutes.

SAT., DEC. 8, 22 & 29 F 2–2:30 P.M. SUN., DEC. 2 & 16 F 2–2:30 P.M. SUN., DEC. 9, 23 & 30 F NOON–12:30 P.M. Choose from a menu of history topics.

We’ll take you on a guided tour of the museum, pointing out objects related to the topic you’ve chosen.

Tour: Things That Scare People SAT., DEC. 1 F 2–2:30 P.M. SUN., DEC. 16 F NOON–12:30 P.M. SAT., DEC. 29 F NOON–12:30 P.M. Creepy-crawlies, prison keepsakes and more—join us on a guided tour of some frightening things on display at the Ohio History Center.

Pop Culture Day

Tour: Mysterious Objects

SAT., JAN. 5 F 10 A.M.–5 P.M. Explore Ohio’s many connections to popular culture throughout history at Pop Culture Day! Enjoy programs and activities about animals, the Space Age, Star Wars, Disney, Superman and more!

SAT., DEC. 8 F NOON–12:30 P.M. SUN., DEC. 23 F 2–2:30 P.M. What is that thing? Get the answer to that question and more on a guided tour of strange, confusing or mysterious objects on exhibit at the Ohio History Center.

Toys of Star Wars

Tour: Animals & Insects

SUN., JAN. 6 F NOON–12:30 P.M. Could you imagine Star Wars without the toys? Join us to learn how Cincinnati toy company Kenner Products got the first rights to make Star Wars toys and hear about some of the quirky toys they produced.

Ice Age Mammals SUN., JAN. 6 F 2–2:30 P.M. On this guided tour, learn about some of the giant mammals that roamed what’s now Ohio during the Ice Age.

SUN., DEC. 9 F 2–2:30 P.M. SAT., DEC. 22 F NOON–12:30 P.M. Discover Ohio’s natural history! On this interactive guided tour of our Natural History collection, explore animals and insects that call Ohio home.

Tour: Transportation SUN., DEC. 2 F NOON–12:30 P.M. SAT., DEC. 15 F 2–2:30 P.M. SUN., DEC. 30 F 2–2:30 P.M. Ohio has a long and rich transportation history. Join us for a guided tour of planes, trains and automobiles on exhibit at the Ohio History Center.

OHIOHIS TORY.ORG

17

Dickens of a Christmas sDEC. 8–9 & 15–16

MORE UPCOMING EVENTS • • •

DICKENS OF A CHRISTMAS

DICKENS OF A CHRISTMAS

PLEASURES OF THE CUP

Dickens of a Christmas at Ohio Village

Christmas Buffet at Ohio Village

Drinks of the 19th Century SAT., DEC. 1 F 7–9:30 P.M. Join a 19th-century-style pub crawl!

Tour Ohio Village while sampling quirky Dickensian concoctions and playing Victorian parlor games along the way.

Complete your rounds at the American House Hotel and enjoy humorous stories and tavern songs. Advance registration required. You must be age 21+ to attend. $40, $35/Ohio History Connection member. 800.686.1541

SAT., DEC. 8 & 15 F 5:30–9 P.M.

SUN., DEC. 9 F TWO SEATINGS:

SUN., DEC. 9 & 16 F NOON–5 P.M. Capture the spirit of holidays past at Ohio Village, where Charles Dickens’s festive and enduring vision comes to life through jolly carols, decorations and traditions inspired by his colorful tales. Enjoy craft and cooking demonstrations and shop P. Wylie’s Emporium for the perfect gift. $14, $11/ages 4–12, Free/ages 3 & under (Ohio History Connection member: $9, $6/ ages 4–12, Free/ages 3 & under). Tickets in advance or at the gate. 800.686.1541

11 A.M. & 2 P.M.

DICKENS OF A CHRISTMAS

SUN., DEC. 16 F TWO SEATINGS: 11 A.M. & 2 P.M. Savor a festive holiday buffet of splendidly prepared dishes in the warmth of the American House Hotel, then enjoy Dickens of a Christmas festivities throughout Ohio Village until 5 p.m., included with admission. $45, $30/ ages 6–12, $8/ages 3–5 (Ohio History Connection member $35, $20/ages 6–12, $8/ages 3–5). Advance registration required. 800.686.1541.

Dickens Dinners at Ohio Village SAT., DEC. 8 F 7–8:30 P.M. SAT., DEC. 15 F 7–8:30 P.M. (ALL 5 P.M. SEATINGS ARE SOLD OUT) Experience an evening in the world of Charles Dickens. Feast on a sumptuous dinner at the American House Hotel and hear festive carols, then enjoy Dickens of a Christmas festivities throughout Ohio Village until 9 p.m., included with admission. $65, $55/Ohio History Connection member. Advance registration required. 800.686.1541

18 Echoes | NOVEMBER & DECEMBER 2018

*Museum admission is $12; $10/age 60+; $6/age 4–12; Free/Ohio History Connection member or age 3 & under.

BECOMING AMERICAN DOCUMENTARY SERIES THROUGH FEBRUARY In this six-program series of documentary screenings with facilitated discussions, explore the subject of immigration and what it means to become an American.

Questions? 800.686.6124 or ohiohistory.org/becomingamerican PROGRAM THREE

Identity & Acculturation THURS., NOV. 8 F 6–8 P.M.

Columbus Global Academy, 4077 Karl Rd., Columbus 4 Through

FEATURED EXHIBITS • • •

1950s—Building the American Dream

Black Heritage Through Visual Rhythms

Get a look at life in the 1950s. Peek in the closets and snoop in the drawers of a real, fully furnished Lustron steel house made right here in Ohio. From the contents of the cupboards to the news on TV and the toys in the yard, this hands-on exhibit is a fascinating journey back in time. Drop

by Fri., Nov. 23, through Sun., Jan. 6, and find our Lustron house decorated for Christmas, 1950s-style.

THROUGH MON., JAN. 21.

See winning entries in this fifth annual juried exhibit of paintings, quilts, sculptures and prints by contemporary visual artists from across Ohio and the nation, sponsored by the Ohio History Connection, National Afro-American Museum & Cultural Center, King Arts Complex and the African American Visual Artists Guild. RELATED PROGRAMS: Exhibit Tour, Sat., Nov. 17, 11:30 a.m.–Noon

World War I Display

The exhibit Black Heritage Through Visual Rhythms is funded in part by support from the Greater Columbus Arts Council; Honda of America Manufacturing Inc.; the Ohio Arts Council; Puffin Foundation West Ltd.; and Medical Mutual.

See equipment, weapons, uniforms and memorabilia commemorating the centennial of the United States entering World War I. RELATED PROGRAMS: Return to Normalcy—The Impact & Legacy of World War I, Sat., Nov. 10, 2–2:30 p.m.; Ohio’s Role in World War I—People, Places, Numbers, Units & Memorials, Sun., Nov. 11, 2–2:30 p.m.

Picturing World War I THROUGH SUN., JAN. 6 See period photos of Ohioans during World War I. Learn about Camp Sherman, a massive training camp near Chillicothe (third largest in the nation); participation by women and African Americans; and the work of noncombatants.

the lens of the documentary series The New Americans, examine how immigrants react and adjust to living in a new country and culture, and how they bridge the divide between the traditions and values of their native and new countries. Free.

PROGRAM FOUR

Help Wanted?

Immigration & Work THURS., DEC. 6 F 6–8 P.M.

Schiller Park Recreation Center, 1069 Jaeger St., Columbus Through the documentary Destination America, get a look at the economic side of immigration. Explore how immigrant contributions to the workforce played a role in building America, and the conflicted relationship between American and immigrant workers.

PROGRAM FIVE

Family and Community

Creative Ohio—Artists, Artwork & Their Inspiration Through pieces from Ohio History Connection collections, explore the artwork, inspiration and creative processes of four Ohio artists—PaulHenri Bourguignon (1906–1988), Emerson Burkhart (1905–1969), William Hawkins (1895–1990) and Josephine Klippart (1848–1936)—and create your own artistic masterpiece!

CALL FOR DATE, TIME & LOCATION Look into the life of one family from the Dominican Republic in My American Girls. Explore how family ties and community institutions have played an essential role in successful adaptation to American life.

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Ohio History Classes & Workshops Blacksmithing— Christmas Ornaments

Ohio History Center, Columbus

Historian in Training We believe it’s never too soon to start learning the tools of the history trade. That’s why we’ve created Historian in Training, a monthly series offering kids a chance to start building historicalthinking skills through hands-on engagement and fun activities.

PRE-K (AGES 3–6)

Weather SAT., NOV. 17, 10–11 A.M. As seasons change, the world around us begins to look different. Learn about fall weather and enjoy hands-on activities about seasonal change.

Cultural Traditions

ELEMENTARY (AGES 7–11)

Ohio Bugs SAT., NOV. 10, 10–11 A.M. Learn about some of the littlest insects that inhabit Ohio today, and some not-so-small creatures that crawled through Ohio millions of years ago.

SAT., NOV. 10 F 10 A.M.–3 P.M. Strike while the iron’s hot, in a workshop that teaches the basics of this storied craft. Work with educator Andrew Hall to learn forge safety and beginning blacksmithing techniques while creating your own Christmas ornaments. This class is ideal for those with little to no blacksmithing experience and includes lunch. $80, $65/Ohio History Connection member. Advance registration required by Sat., Nov. 3.

800.686.1541 or ohiohistory.org/classes

Cultural Traditions SAT., DEC. 8, 10–11 A.M. Learn about holiday traditions from around the world. Try your hand at crafts and learn some of the history behind different holidays in this interactive program. $5/program. Advance registration required. Caregivers do not stay for the program, though must remain on site. 800.686.1541 or ohiohistory. org/littlehistorians

HOLIDAY HOURS

Ohio History Center OPEN DAILY

Mon.–Sun., 10 a.m.–5 p.m.

SAT., DEC. 1, 10–11 A.M. Learn about holiday traditions from around the world. Try your hand at crafts and learn some of the history behind different holidays in this interactive program. $5/child, Free/adult. Advance registration required. You must participate with your child. (Don’t worry—we’ll give you things to do!) 800.686.1541 or ohiohistory.org/ littlehistorians

Ohio History Center Hours Museum

Third Floor Research Room

WEDS.–SUN. 10 A.M.–5 P.M. Enjoy special holiday hours Weds., Dec. 26, through Sun., Jan. 6, when the museum will be open daily 10 a.m.–5 p.m., including New Year’s Day, Tues., Jan. 1.

WEDS.–SAT. 10 A.M.–5 P.M.

20 Echoes | NOVEMBER & DECEMBER 2018

CLOSED SUN.–TUES. The Ohio History Center will close at 4 p.m. on Saturdays Dec. 8 & 15 to prepare for Dickens of a Christmas and will be closed on Thanksgiving Day, Thurs., Nov. 22, and Christmas Eve, Mon., Dec. 24.

AT THE

OHIO HISTORY CENTER & OHIO VILLAGE

BOOK YOUR PARTY TODAY! 614.298.2915 events@ohiohistory.org OHIO HISTORY CONNECTION MEMBERS RECEIVE A 15% DISCOUNT ON FACILITY RENTALS.

F E AT U R E D O H I O H I S T O R Y C O N N E C T I O N

Events & Exhibits STATEWIDE

CENTRAL OHIO

NORTHEAST OHIO

GENEALOGY WEBINAR

Picture an Old-Fashioned Christmas

1833 Zoar Hotel Tours

Researching the United States Census THURS., DEC. 6 F 6:30–8:30 P.M. Webinar—Attend From Anywhere Online!

Census records can be invaluable in family history research. In addition to basic personal facts, census records often include details that can help you make connections across generations.

In this webinar, get tips on how to use the United States census to uncover your family story. $20, $15/Ohio History Connection member. Advance registration required. 800.686.1541 or ohiohistory.org/genealogy

State Historic Preservation Office Awards Luncheon SAT., NOV. 10 F NOON–2 P.M. PRE-LUNCHEON TOUR AT 11:30 A.M. Ohio History Center, Columbus Join our State Historic Preservation Office in honoring outstanding preservationists and preservation efforts across Ohio with the annual State Historic Preservation Office Awards. Before the luncheon, tour the Ohio History Center, a modernist landmark, with architectural historian Barbara Powers. $35. Advance registration required by Fri., Nov. 2.

800.686.6124, 614.298.2000 or ohiohistory.org/hpawards

SAT., NOV. 17 F NOON–4:30 P.M. Hanby House, Westerville 4 Have a professional photographer take your holiday photo in the parlor of the Hanby House, home of composer Benjamin Hanby, who wrote Up on the Housetop.

Wear your holiday best or borrow a 19th-century-style costume from our selection. Leave with multiple photos saved to a souvenir flash drive that you can use to make prints or create greeting cards. $30/group of up to eight, $27/ Ohio History Connection member group with membership card. Reservations recommended by Nov. 16. Walk-ins accommodated. 800.600.6843 or hanbyhouse.org

Taking Tea With Clement Clark Moore SAT., DEC. 1 F NOON–4:30 P.M. Hanby House, Westerville 4 Hear Clement Clark Moore, portrayed by Ron St. Pierre, share the inspiration for his beloved Christmas poem A Visit From St. Nicholas, also known as The Night Before Christmas. After, hear the story of Benjamin Hanby’s classic song, Up on the Housetop. $20, $18/Ohio History Connection member. Advance registration required by Nov. 30.

800.600.6843 or hanbyhouse.org

Christmas Open House TUES., DEC. 4 F 7–9 P.M. SAT., DEC. 8 F 10 A.M.–4 P.M. Hanby House, Westerville 4 Tour the home of Benjamin Hanby, composer of the Christmas classic Up on the Housetop. Enjoy continuous live music in the parlor plus hot cider and cookies. $3, $2.50/senior, $1/ ages 5–17, Free/Ohio History Connection member or ages 4 & under. 800.600.6843 or hanbyhouse.org

NOV. 2, 3, 4, 9, 10 & 11 10 A.M.–4 P.M. F BY RESERVATION Zoar Village, Zoar 4 Love getting behind the scenes? Explore the Zoar Hotel, an 1833 landmark awaiting restoration, on a guided tour covering all three floors. $10. Advance registration required

by Oct. 26. 800.262.6195 or historiczoarvillage.com

Veterans Day Ceremony & Luncheon SUN., NOV. 11 F 11 A.M.–1 P.M. Fort Laurens Museum, near Bolivar Join in honoring the sacrifices of veterans past and present in this intimate wreath-laying ceremony at the Tomb of the Unknown Patriot on the grounds of the museum. The program includes an honor- and color-guard, a keynote speaker and the wreath-laying ceremony held at 11 a.m. Friends of Fort Laurens will provide lunch after the ceremony. Free. 800.262.6195 or fortlaurens.org

Brigade of the American Revolution Winter Encampment & March SAT., NOV. 17 F 10 A.M.–4 P.M. Fort Laurens Museum, near Bolivar Be on hand when 18th-century soldiers from the Brigade of the American Revolution celebrate the 240th anniversary of the march from Fort Pitt to Fort Laurens with a parade and winter encampment on the grounds of the museum. $5.

800.262.6195 or fortlaurens.org

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21

“““ Brigade of the American Revolution Winter Encampment & March

Christmas in Zoar

FORT LAURENS, NEAR BOLIVAR, NOV. 17

ZOAR VILLAGE, ZOAR, DEC. 1 & 2

Photo courtesy of Rod Berry Photography

Zoar Community Association

Christmas in Zoar SAT., DEC. 1 F 10 A.M.–6 P.M. SUN., DEC. 2 F NOON–5 P.M. Zoar Village, Zoar 4 Experience all the joy and cheer of the holiday season during Christmas in Zoar.

Tour the village and enjoy musical entertainment, a juried craft show and more. On Saturday evening, attend a candlelight service in the 1853 church, followed by a tree-lighting ceremony. $8, $7/Ohio History Connection member, Free/ages 12 & under.

800.262.6195 or historiczoarvillage. com

Traditional Moravian Love Feast SUN., DEC. 9 F 2 P.M. Schoenbrunn Village, New Philadelphia Celebrate the holiday season with a Feast of Brotherly Love, a traditional Moravian service held in a candle-lit 1770s-style log church at Schoenbrunn, site of Ohio’s first church building. Free and open to the public. Please dress for the weather. 800.752.2711 or ohiohistory.org/schoenbrunn

22 Echoes | NOVEMBER & DECEMBER 2018

NORTHWEST OHIO

Second Saturdays R 4 Kids SAT., NOV. 10 F 9 A.M.–5 P.M. Hayes Presidential Library & Museums, Fremont 4 Kids: Receive a prize for completing a special holiday scavenger hunt in the museum, and try your hand at holiday crafts. Included with Hayes Museum admission: $13, $1/ages 12 & under. 800.998.7737 or rbhayes.org

Owl Prowl SAT., NOV. 10 F 7 P.M. Cedar Bog Nature Preserve, near Urbana Join us on a nighttime search for the owls of Cedar Bog, a 450-acre haven for many rare plants and animals.

Not recommended for young children.

Please dress for the weather. $10, $5/ Ohio History Connection member.

800.860.0147 or cedarbognp.org

Presidential History Book Club WEDS., NOV. 28 & DEC. 19 NOON–1 P.M. Hayes Presidential Library & Museums, Fremont 4 Read biographies of the presidents, bring your lunch, and enjoy lunch-hour discussions. Nov. 28 and Dec. 19: Wilson by A. Scott Berg. Free.

800.998.7737 or rbhayes.org

Christmas at the Johnston Farm SAT., DEC. 1 F SEATINGS AT 1, 4 & 7 P.M. Johnston Farm & Indian Agency, Piqua Enjoy a holiday dinner at the farm home of early-19th-century U.S. Indian Agent John Johnston (1775–1861), featuring a traditional menu from Johnston’s era.

Then, step back through Christmases of the past three centuries with a program recalling the many holiday seasons that the Johnstons and succeeding families celebrated in this house.

Advance registration is required by Nov. 21 for this popular holiday event. $35, $30/ages 6–12 ($30, $25/ages 6–12 Ohio History Connection member).

800.752.2619 or johnstonfarmohio.com

Christmas Dinners at Spiegel Grove THURS., DEC. 6–SAT., DEC. 8 6:30–10:30 P.M. Hayes Presidential Library & Museums, Fremont 4 Enjoy a multi-course holiday dinner served in the big dining room in the home of President Rutherford B. Hayes. Costumed living-history presenters will provide an evening of 19th-century fun, starting with a carriage ride to the Hayes home, followed by dinner, then after-dinner entertainment. $250/person. Advance registration required. Proceeds benefit Hayes Presidential Library & Museums.

800.998.7737 or rbhayes.org

“““

“““ Owl Prowl

Horse-Drawn Sleigh Rides

CEDAR BOG NATURE PRESERVE, NEAR URBANA, NOV. 10

HAYES PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY & MUSEUMS, FREMONT, DEC. 26–31 Hayes Presidential Library & Museums

Second Saturdays R 4 Kids SAT., DEC. 8 F 1–2 P.M. Hayes Presidential Library & Museums, Fremont 4 Kids: Learn how to paint on canvas with Artistry Uncorked. $3/kid.

There’s no cost for adults to bring kids to this program. Advance registration required. 800.998.7737, 419.332.2081, ext. 246, mwilson@rbhayes.org or rbhayes.org/events

Fort Meigs Holiday Open House SUN., DEC. 9 F 1–4 P.M. Fort Meigs Visitor Center, Perrysburg Celebrate the holiday season 1812-style in the Fort Meigs Visitor Center. War of 1812 soldiers and civilians will be on hand. Enjoy holiday music, hands-on activities and refreshments, and shop the museum store for unusual holiday gifts.

800.283.8916 or fortmeigs.org

Hayes Home Holidays THURS., DEC. 20–SUN., DEC. 23 5–8 P.M. Hayes Presidential Library & Museums, Fremont 4 Make holiday memories: Tour the Hayes Home in the evening and discover the holiday traditions of President Rutherford and first lady Lucy Hayes, from Christmas to their Dec. 30 wedding anniversary to New Year’s Day. See the holiday model train display

in the Hayes Museum, try hands-on Christmas activities for kids and enjoy light refreshments. Reservations recommended. Remaining tickets will be for sale on-site the days of the event subject to availability. $25, $10/ ages 6–18, Free/ages 5 & under ($20/ Ohio History Connection member, $8/ member ages 6–18). 800.998.7737, 419.332.2081, ext. 238, jbaker@ rbhayes.org or rbhayes.org/events

Horse-Drawn Sleigh Rides in Spiegel Grove WEDS., DEC. 26– MON.DEC. 31 F 1–4 P.M. Hayes Presidential Library & Museums, Fremont 4 Go dashing through the snow! Ride through the grounds of Spiegel Grove, the 25-acre estate of 19th president Rutherford B. Hayes, in a horse-drawn sleigh. (Depending on demand and staffing levels, we sometimes use a horse-drawn trolley in addition to, or in place of, the sleigh.)

Rides are by South Creek Clydesdales on a first-come, first-served basis—no reservations. $3/rider, Free/ages 2 & under. This event is weather-dependent, and we advise calling to confirm before traveling a distance. 800.998.7737 or rbhayes.org

Model Train Clinic SAT., JAN. 5 F 1–4 P.M. Hayes Presidential Library & Museums, Fremont 4 As the holiday season nears its end, your cherished model train deserves a little special attention.

Our veteran model train hobbyists can help ensure that it’s in tip-top shape for next year and beyond. Get advice on maintenance and repair, as well as on estimating the value of older model trains. $2, or free with purchase of a $13 Hayes Museum ticket. This event is weather-dependent, and we advise calling to confirm before traveling a distance. 800.998.7737 or rbhayes.org

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Johnston Farm & Indian Agency

Christmas at the Johnston Farm JOHNSTON FARM & INDIAN AGENCY, PIQUA, DEC. 1

FEATURED EXHIBITS • • •

Experiencing Veterans & Artists Collaboration SUN., NOV. 11–THURS., JAN. 31 CLOSED CHRISTMAS DAY & NEW YEAR’S DAY Hayes Presidential Library & Museums, Fremont 4 See art inspired by interviews with veterans through the museum’s Northwest Ohio Veterans Oral History Project—a project bringing artists, curators and veterans together.

Curators interviewed veterans about their experiences, and artists made prints based on those stories. See the resulting prints on exhibit with excerpts from the stories. Included with museum admission: $13, $10/ages 13–18, $5/ages 6–12, Free/Ohio History Connection member or ages 5 & under.

800.998.7737 or rbhayes.org

“Hayes Train Special” Model Train Display FRI., NOV. 23–SUN., JAN. 6 9 A.M.–5 P.M. F CLOSED CHRISTMAS DAY & NEW YEAR’S DAY Hayes Presidential Library & Museums, Fremont 4 See operating model trains running through a Victorian holiday scene. Use interactive buttons to control aspects of the trains’ movements along the winding, multi-

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tiered, 12x24-foot layout. Included with museum admission: $13, $10/ages 13–18, $5/ages 6–12, Free/Ohio History Connection member or ages 5 & under.

800.998.7737 or rbhayes.org WW

A Family of Service— The Hayeses in World War I THROUGH MON., MAY 27 MON.–SAT. 9 A.M.–5 P.M. & SUN. NOON–5 P.M. F CLOSED MONDAYS FROM JANUARY THROUGH MARCH Hayes Presidential Library & Museums, Fremont 4 Rutherford B. Hayes, who served in the Union Army during the Civil War, passed his belief in the value of service on to his children and grandchildren. When the United States entered World War I, eight Hayes family members answered the call. In this special exhibit, explore America’s involvement in the “Great War” through the eyes of the Hayes family. Included with Hayes Museum admission: $13, $10/ages 13–18, $5/ages 6–12, Free/ Ohio History Connection member or ages 5 & under. 800.998.7737 or rbhayes.org

SOUTHEAST OHIO

Appraisal Clinic SAT., NOV. 3 F 10 A.M.–2 P.M. Campus Martius Museum, Marietta 4 Have you ever wondered whether that knickknack you’ve been dusting all these years is valuable? Is it something to pass on to your children? Should you insure it? Have your questions answered by Andrew Richmond, a professional in the field of antiques and appraisals. $5 donation per item, limited to two items. Proceeds benefit Campus Martius Museum. 800.860.0145 or mariettamuseums.org

Gallipolis in Lights Open House WED., NOV. 21 F 6–9 P.M. Our House Tavern, Gallipolis 4 Visit Our House, an 1819 tavern, and see it decorated for the holidays. Hear Kendra and Robert Bence play old-fashioned Christmas music on dulcimer and guitar, and enjoy hot chocolate and specially blended teas plus cookies and fruitcake made from vintage recipes.

This free event is a part of Gallipolis in Lights, a community Christmas lighting celebration. 800.686.6124 or ohiohistory.org/ourhouse

“““ Gallipolis in Lights Open House

Visit With a Pioneer

OUR HOUSE TAVERN, GALLIPOLIS, NOV. 21

CAMPUS MARTIUS MUSEUM, MARIETTA, DEC. 29 Photo courtesy Rod Berry Photography

Christmas Open House MON., NOV. 26 F 5:30–8 P.M. John & Annie Glenn Museum, New Concord 4 Step into the living room of John Glenn’s boyhood home and experience Christmas in 1962, the year he became the first American to orbit the Earth. See Glenn’s Lionel train running around the tree, and enjoy hot chocolate and cookies on the porch. Free. 800.752.2602 or johnglennhome.org

Holiday Open House SUN., DEC. 2 F 1–4 P.M. National Road & Zane Grey Museum, Norwich, between Zanesville & Cambridge 4 See beautifully decorated trees throughout the museum, donated by friends of the community. Hear JG Company of New Concord’s John Glenn High School perform live holiday music, and try your hand at makeand-take pine-cone birdfeeders and buckeye necklaces. Free. 800.752.2602 or ohiohistory.org/nationalroad

Visit With a Pioneer SAT., DEC. 29 F 10 A.M.–4 P.M. Campus Martius Museum, Marietta Explore the 18th-century home of Gen. Rufus Putnam, preserved inside the museum, and meet some of Marietta’s early citizens. 800.860.0145 or mariettamuseums.org

SOUTHWESTOHIO SOUTHWEST OHIO

Visiting Uncle Tom’s Cabin— Civil War Writing by Those Who Lived It WEDS., NOV. 7 & DEC. 5 HOUSE OPENS FOR TOURS AT 6 P.M. DISCUSSION BEGINS AT 7 P.M. Harriet Beecher Stowe House, Cincinnati 4 Nov. 7: Hallidays for the Holidays—Harriet’s Ideal Family and the Underground Railroad. Suggested reading: Uncle Tom’s Cabin, Chapters 13, 17 and 37. Dec. 5: The Ending of Uncle Tom’s Cabin—Was Harriet a Colonizationist or an Abolitionist?

Suggested reading: Uncle Tom’s Cabin, Chapters 41 and 43–45. Led

by John Getz, professor emeritus, Xavier University, and John Douglass, professor emeritus, University of Cincinnati. Free. 800.847.6507 or stowehousecincy.org

USO Holiday Care Package Drive SAT., NOV. 10 F NOON–4 P.M. National Afro-American Museum & Cultural Center, Wilberforce Help support our troops—volunteers stationed outside the museum will collect your donations of personal care and other items for the USO Holiday Care Package Program.

For a full list of needed items, visit ohiohistory.org/naamcc, then scroll down and click on “USO Holiday Care Package Drive.” 800.752.2603 or ohiohistory.org/naamcc

Express Yourself Saturdays SAT., NOV. 10 F NOON–1 P.M. National Afro-American Museum & Cultural Center, Wilberforce Join Cincinnati artist Talitha Sydnei’A to create unique art. Program and art materials included with paid museum admission: $6, $5/senior, $3/ages 6–17, Free/Ohio History Connection member or ages 5 & under. 800.752.2603 or ohiohistory.org/naamcc Special thanks to the Ohio Arts Council for supporting Express Yourself Saturdays.

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Breakfast With Santa & Holiday Gift Bazaar NATIONAL AFRO-AMERICAN MUSEUM & CULTURAL CENTER, WILBERFORCE, DEC. 8

National Afro-American Museum & Cultural Center

HISTORICALLY SPEAKING LECTURE SERIES

Special Veterans Day Presentation—The 477th Bomber Group SAT., NOV. 10 F 2–4 P.M. National Afro-American Museum & Cultural Center, Wilberforce Hear Dr. Anthony Milburn of Central State University share the history, tribulations and legacy of the 477th Bomber Group, the only black bomber group serving during World War II. This legendary group of pilots and soldiers produced famous leaders such as Gen. Benjamin O. Davis Jr., Gen. Daniel James and Detroit Mayor Coleman Young. Included with museum admission: $6, $5/senior, $3/ages 6–17, Free/Ohio History Connection member or ages 5 & under. 800.752.2603 or ohiohistory.org/naamcc

Fort Ancient Winter Hours WEEKENDS ONLY DECEMBER 1 TO MARCH 1 F SAT. 10 A.M.–5 P.M., SUN. NOON–5 P.M. Fort Ancient Earthworks & Nature Preserve, near Oregonia & Lebanon December marks the start of winter hours, when Fort Ancient Earthworks & Nature Preserve is open Sat. 10 a.m.–5 p.m. and Sun. Noon–5 p.m. On weekends through March 1, visit the museum and explore the fascinating

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story of this 2,000-year-old American Indian site. $7, $6/ages 6–17 or 60+, Free/Ohio History Connection member or ages 6 & under. Book tours and field trips year-round at special rates.

800.283.8904 or fortancient.org

Breakfast With Santa & Holiday Gift Bazaar SAT., DEC. 8 F 9 A.M.-4 P.M. National Afro-American Museum & Cultural Center, Wilberforce Have breakfast and meet Mr. and Mrs. Claus from 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. Shop for unique holiday gifts 9 a.m.–4 p.m.

Breakfast With Santa: $8, $5/ages 3–17, Free ages 2 & under. Advance registration required. Holiday Gift Bazaar included in regular museum admission: $6, $5/senior, $3/ages 6–17, Free/Ohio History Connection member.

800.752.2603 ext. 7 or ohiohistory.org/ naamcc

FEATURED EXHIBITS • • •

“To Give It All to This Cause”— The Beecher Family & the Civil War THROUGH SUN., NOV. 18 SUN. 2–4 P.M. Harriet Beecher Stowe House, Cincinnati Perhaps no family was more famously involved in events leading up to the Civil War than the children of the Rev. Lyman Beecher. Learn how Edward Beecher, Harriet Beecher Stowe and Henry Ward Beecher were involved on the homefront, and how James Beecher, Frederick Stowe and Frederick Beecher experienced the war firsthand. Made possible by support from Cincinnati Civil War Round Table. $4, $2/ages 6–18, Free/Ohio History Connection member or ages 5 & under.

800.847.6507 or stowehousecincy.org

Photo by Talitha Sydneia/National Afro-American Museum & Cultural Center

Behind the Mask— Black Power in Comics NATIONAL AFRO-AMERICAN MUSEUM & CULTURAL CENTER, WILBERFORCE, THROUGH JAN. 26

African Americans Fighting for a Double Victory ONGOING F WEDS.–SAT. 9 A.M.–4 P.M. National Afro-American Museum & Cultural Center, Wilberforce Explore the many ways African Americans served our country during World War II, and get a look at the impact black veterans had on postwar advances in civil rights. $6, $5/senior, $3/ages 6–17, Free/ Ohio History Connection member.

RELATED PROGRAMS: Historically Speaking Lecture Series—The 477th Bomber Group, Sat., Nov. 10, 2–4 p.m.

800.752.2603 or ohiohistory.org/ naamcc

Behind the Mask— Black Power in Comics THROUGH SAT., JAN. 26 WEDS.–SAT., 9 A.M.–4 P.M. National Afro-American Museum & Cultural Center, Wilberforce Interest in black comic book characters is exploding, thanks to the hugely successful Marvel film Black Panther.

In this exhibit, explore the painful and triumphant history of African Americans in comic books. (See Echoes Magazine, September & October 2018.)

Included with museum admission: $6, $5/senior, $3/ages 6–17, Free/Ohio History Connection member or ages 5 & under. 800.752.2603 or ohiohistory. org/naamcc

Color Outside the Lines— Celebrating 30 Years at NAAMCC THROUGH SAT., JAN. 26 WEDS.–SAT. 9 A.M.–4 P.M. National Afro-American Museum & Cultural Center, Wilberforce Opened in 1988, the Ohio History Connection’s National Afro-American Museum & Cultural Center pioneered in preserving and presenting African American history and culture. See milestones of museum history plus rare items from the collection. Included with museum admission: $6, $5/ senior, $3/ages 6–17, Free/Ohio History Connection member. 800.752.2603 or ohiohistory.org/naamcc

ON EXHIBIT

STARTING MARCH 16, 2019

OHIO HISTORY CENTER COLUMBUS

Explore the compelling human story of sports.

ohiohistory.org/sports

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Homefront Heroes OUIDA OKEY AND THE FIRST FEMALE MARINES BY LILY BIRKHIMER

Left: Woodsfield, Okey’s hometown, celebrated her achievement and that of her fellow “Marine Girls” in the local school paper on March 31, 1919.

Bottom Left: Okey sports her regulation overcoat and overseas cap. Both were part of the Marine Corps (F) winter uniform.

Bottom Right: Document from Marine Corps Headquarters promoting Okey to corporal from her previous rank of private on May 23, 1919, several months after the end of World War I. Photos: Ohio History Connection Archival Collection

O

ne hundred years ago—at “the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month”—the clattering guns and rumbling tanks of the Western Front officially fell silent. Nov. 11, 2018, marks the centennial of Armistice Day, which brought an end to World War I hostilities between Allied forces and Imperial Germany.

Over the past several years, the Ohio History Connection has been working to collect and tell the stories of everyday Ohioans in the Great War, and one of these fascinating stories belongs to Ouida Okey, a name that not too many Ohioans are familiar with today.

As U.S. engagement in World War I continued to build in the year after President Woodrow Wilson’s 1917 declaration of war, the number of trained men available to serve the country at home in a clerical capacity dwindled, and those male personnel on the homefront were increasingly needed for service overseas.

In response, a call went out from the U.S. Marine Corps in August 1918 announcing the decision to enroll women in the Marine Corps Reserve, and thousands headed straight to their local recruiting offices to sign up. Out of those thousands, Ouida Okey was one of only 305 women selected through a rigorous process to serve in the U.S. Marine Corps during World War I.

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Okey, seated at the center typewriter, is pictured at work with staff at the Marines Corps Casualty Office in Washington, D.C., including two of her fellow female Marines.

Photos: Ohio History Connection Archival Collection

OKEY ENLISTS Born Sept. 4, 1893, in Graysville, Ohio, Ouida Mabel Okey graduated from Woodsfield High School and attended Marietta Business College before applying for the Marine Corps. Okey, who joined up only two months after Opha Mae Johnson became the first woman to enlist in the Marines, was one of three women from Ohio to perform their service at the same post in the Adjutant and Inspector’s Department of Marine Corps Headquarters in Washington, DC. The others were Mildred A. Cowell of Marietta and Mary A. Williams of Youngstown.

Okey worked in the Casualty Section, and according to an article from the Woodsfield High School Dynamite dated March 31, 1919, “[liked] her work immensely.” Other Ohio women stationed at Marine Corps Headquarters but in different departments included Mabelle Musser of Hinckley and Elizabeth Gunn of Greenfield.

Okey served actively from Oct. 22, 1918, through July 31, 1919, and was appointed to the rank of corporal on May 23, 1919. Despite the war’s end,

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she remained in her post to complete her term of enlistment, and was discharged on Oct. 21, 1922.

A VITAL WARTIME ROLE Officially named “Marine Reserve (F)” but nicknamed the “Marinettes” (a moniker they weren’t particularly fond of), the female Marines who served their country during World War I were not in active combat, though they filled a vital wartime role and received equal pay to their male counterparts of the same rank.

They filled a vital wartime role and received equal pay to their male counterparts.

Their time in service was not without challenges, however. From practical matters like appropriate uniforms and accessible housing, to dismissive nicknames, occasional negative attitudes from male counterparts, and close scrutiny from their instructors, women like Okey truly blazed a trail.

Ohio-born artist Howard Chandler Christy, who rose to fame with his characteristic “Christy Girl� in the art and advertising world of the early 20th century, reimagined her in a Marine dress uniform in this 1915 recruitment poster.

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According to Women Marines in World War I, a report compiled by the U.S. Marine Corps, female veterans “were afforded the full benefits … as their male counterparts. In addition to the coveted right to military burial in Arlington National Cemetery… the women were also eligible for government insurance, World War compensation, a $60 bonus upon discharge, medical treatment and hospitalization for service-connected disability, and a five percent bonus added to Civil Service examinations for those who chose to remain in government service.”

Okey (who later took her husband’s last name of Sharp) died in 1974 at the age of 80 and is buried in North Olmsted, Ohio. But her legacy, and that of her fellow early military women, lives on in many ways. The large-scale involvement of women in the war effort during World War I was a key factor in the subsequent success of advocacy for women’s suffrage, and women gained the right to vote when the 19th Amendment was ratified in 1920.

Subsequent conflicts once more offered women the chance to serve in different capacities in the Marine Corps, along with other branches of military service, and today female Marines can fight alongside their fellow soldiers on the front lines.

Ouida Okey’s uniform and other mementos of her service are now in the collections of the Ohio History Connection.

Lily Birkhimer is digital projects coordinator for the Ohio History Connection.

LEARN MORE

To learn more about women Marines during World War I, check out the following resources: “Lady Hell Cats: Women Marines of World War I” from the National Women’s History Museum, at tinyurl.com/yco6g5jp “Women Marines in World War I” from the History and Museums Division of the U.S. Marine Corps, at tinyurl.com/y8dp5x2m See World War I uniforms, weapons, photos and artifacts in the World War I display and the exhibit Picturing World War I, both at the Ohio History Center in Columbus.

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Okey’s photo ID pass granted her entrance into the State, War and Navy Buildings during her service.

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Their Father Was the Fastest Man in the World

BY KIM KIEHL, OHIO HISTORY CONNECTION

I

n May 2018, I was privileged to be invited into the home of Marlene Owens Rankin to record an oral history with her and Beverly Owens Prather, two of Jesse Owens’s three daughters.

We saw the values Jesse held dear reflected in his daughters and in their generosity of spirit. We heard about Jesse the athlete, but more about a Jesse most of us have never heard about. More important, we heard about Jesse the dad, the person whom only they knew best.

They talked about growing up with their dad.

OHIO—CHAMPION OF SPORTS

As part of mounting a new exhibit for the Ohio History Center, Ohio–Champion of Sports, Oral History Coordinator Cameron Wood and I have traveled extensively to compile oral histories from some of our state’s greatest and most interesting athletes. They include Youngstown boxer Ray “Boom Boom” Mancini, Bengals owner Mike Brown, Ohio State University basketball star Katie Smith and skateboarding sensation Doug Brown.

These recorded stories and many others make up the heart of our upcoming exhibit, Ohio—Champion of Sports, which opens at the Ohio History Center in Columbus on March 16, 2019.

While Marlene and Beverly’s older sister, Gloria, couldn’t join us in Chicago, we felt her presence in the words of her sisters.

Both accomplished women in their own right, Marlene and Beverly spent several hours with us sharing stories about their lives growing up with Jesse and their mom, Ruth. We heard how Jesse and Ruth had met in high school and how she was “his rock” and “made home a place he wanted to come back to.”

Throughout the exhibit, you’ll find places to stop and listen to these personal stories of Ohio sports figures—professional and amateur, athletes, coaches and fans. Their stories are rich and deep, and you’ll leave the exhibit with a better understanding of the world of Ohio sports and the meaning of sports in people’s lives. You’ll also have the chance to leave your own sports story behind in several interactive exhibit pieces.

We’re just as excited to hear your sports stories as we were to hear Marlene and Beverly’s stories!

Follow our Ohio—Champion of Sports exhibit blog at ohiohistory.org/sports.

COMMITTED TO HIS FAMILY We heard about how Jesse was an “armchair cowboy” and how he loved country and western music and watching Bonanza. We heard about Jesse’s deep and steady relationships with his friends and teammates, and about his commitment to his family, especially to his baby sister, who was always with him. We heard that he was an avid golfer and about how much he trusted people and was always kind to everyone— even people he didn’t know. We learned how he was grateful for everything in his life.

We heard about the work of the Jesse Owens Foundation, work his daughters continue to this day.

THE JESSE OWENS STORY: RESEARCH & ART

Raechel Morrow is a senior at The Ohio State University who interned at the Ohio History Connection this summer.

Pursuing a double major in American History and Literature, her favorite literary periods are modern and postmodern.

Steve Spencer, a native of Dayton, had his first cartoon published in a contest as a fourth-grader. He worked as a newspaper illustrator in Michigan, New York and Ohio for 23 years.

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Sherwood Anderson THE DEATH OF AN ADMAN AND BIRTH OF A WRITER

O

n the morning of Nov. 28, 1912, Sherwood Anderson left for work as he’d done every weekday since his family had moved from Chicago to Elyria back in 1907.

His wife, Cornelia, did not notice anything unusual in his behavior.

But by the time he arrived at the offices of the business he owned, the American Merchants Company, his secretary of four years, Frances Shute, noted that he was “acting queerly.”

He entered his office, opened the mail and commented about how little money had come in that day. Then he stood next to a gas heater and told Shute, “I feel as though my feet were wet, and they keep getting wetter.”

He sat at his desk and wrote a note to Cornelia and then told his secretary that he was going for a walk and did not know whether or not he would be back. Shute watched as Anderson walked west along the railroad tracks behind the office and disappeared from view.

No one in Elyria heard from Anderson for the next four days, until a mutual friend of the family, Edwin Baxter, called Cornelia from Cleveland— some 30 miles from Elyria—on Dec. 2 to tell her he’d taken her husband to the Huron Road Hospital, suffering from nervous exhaustion.

Top: Before leaving his business and family in Elyria and moving back to Chicago to become a writer, Anderson had already been working on his first two novels, Windy McPherson’s Son (1916) and Marching Men (1917).

Bottom: Sherwood Anderson published his first book, Windy McPherson’s Son, a novel, in 1916. Three years later, he became famous with Winesburg, Ohio, a collection of interconnected short stories. By the time he died in 1941, he had written seven novels, two poetry collections, a collection of plays and 11 nonfiction works.

Left: In July 1938, a Mrs. Oliver Kuhn asked Anderson for advice on exploring his childhood homes in Camden and Clyde, which he willingly provided. The main character in Winesburg, Ohio, was a newspaper reporter, so it’s interesting that Anderson advised Kuhn to seek out “the local newspaper editor” in Clyde for more information.

On Dec. 1, the Cleveland Leader wrote: “Wandering gypsy-like about the countryside after disappearing from his home in Elyria four days ago, walking almost incessantly save for a few hours of sleep snatched in thickets and all the while unconscious of his identity, Sherwood Anderson … was discovered late yesterday afternoon in a drug store at E. 152 St.” Cornelia rushed to Cleveland after Baxter’s phone call and sat with her husband until he had rested sufficiently to regain his memory and be released, a week later, from the hospital.

In Sherwood Anderson: His Life and Work, biographer James Schevill writes, “The episode by which Anderson quit his Elyria paint firm has become an important part of American literary history.”

All images courtesy of Ohioana Library

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Anderson’s nervous breakdown signaled the end of one life, as a business owner, and the beginning of another, as a writer. In his unconventional autobiography, A Storyteller’s Story, Anderson complains about the demands of social convention: “To the imaginative man in the modern world something becomes, from the first, sharply defined. Life splits into two sections and, no matter how long one may live or where one may live, the two ends continue to dangle.”

THE ADVERTISING AGE Before moving back to Ohio, Anderson had a successful career at the turn of the century as an ad copywriter in Chicago. At first enamored of his chosen profession, he claims in his memoir to have ultimately seen the hollowness of the work.

"I buy new clothes, hats, shoes, socks, shirts. I walk freely on Michigan Boulevard in Chicago, go to drinking parties, meet bigger and bigger businessmen,” he writes. "I create nothing. I boost, boost ...”

A hand-drawn map of Winesburg, Ohio, depicts the fictitious Midwestern town at the heart of Sherwood Anderson’s story collection of the same name.

GROWING UP POOR IN CLYDE Sherwood Anderson was born on Sept. 13, 1876, in Camden, Ohio. A year later, the family moved first to the village of Independence (now Butler) and then to the village of Caledonia, halfway between Marion and Mansfield.

In 1884, the family finally settled down in Clyde, the small northern Ohio town that inspired Anderson’s classic short-story cycle, Winesburg, Ohio, which was ranked 24th on the Modern Library’s list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century.

Upon the publication of Winesburg, Ohio, H.L. Mencken wrote, “Here is a new order of short story.

It is so vivid, so full of insight, so shiningly life-like and glowing, that the book is lifted into a category all its own.”

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According to biographer Walter B. Rideout, Anderson may have been giving his younger self a little bit too much credit for perspicacity when, in fact, the writer-in-waiting left Chicago to become president of a business in Cleveland in search of riches.

Regardless of Anderson’s state of mind in Chicago, by the time he ended up in Elyria he had begun working—he later called it “scribbling”—on his first two novels, Windy McPherson’s Son and Marching Men. The early drafts of both novels were so bad that he was asked by friends at an informal gathering to please stop reading from them, and perhaps never try to write again.

But Anderson persisted. After work, he would head up to his attic study and write feverishly for hours, late into the night, at times straight through into the morning, ignoring both Cornelia and his four children. At one point his doctor warned him to slow down. He didn’t, so his brain shut down his mind and body for him.

In Sherwood Anderson's Memoirs, Anderson claimed the entire episode was a trick, a calculated attempt to suggest to the outside world that he had lost his mind, a ploy to free himself from society’s bondage.

STRIVING TO BE AMERICAN In Sherwood Anderson, literary and social critic Irving Howe dismissed the claims Anderson made in Memoirs.

“This is the great Anderson legend, deliberately cultivated and early received, repeated in any number of popular and scholarly accounts of his life,” Howe writes. “It is a legend that has sunk deeply into the American imagination, for it is profoundly relevant to the emotional climate of American life, to the half-suppressed yearnings with which so many Americans wear out their lives.

and episodes that grew out of each other and were connected to each other, particularly because they all took place in a single, poor, godforsaken provincial town.”

According to Oz, Winesburg, Ohio, “opened my eyes to write about what was around me.

Thanks to him I suddenly realized that the written word does not depend on Milan or London, but always revolves around the hand that is writing, wherever it happens to be writing.” —EM

“But, alas, it is only legend.”

LEARN MORE

Whether or not Anderson was in the business of legend-making, his criticism of advertising, or at least a certain kind of advertising, is still relevant today and would easily be recognized by devotees of today’s TV drama Mad Men: “I decided to get out of advertising writing. There were too many lies to be told … I was afraid I would begin to believe the lies I wrote.”

Instead, he led American writers into the age of Modernism and influenced writers for the rest of the century, including the Israeli writer Amos Oz, who was inspired by Anderson’s “string of stories

You can hear Will Shuck, director of the Sherwood Anderson Literary Center in Elyria, speak about Winesburg, Ohio, and Death in the Woods at bit.ly/2OWjSTz. Visit the Sherwood Anderson Literary Center online at sherwoodanderson.net.

Before he moved to Clyde, the town upon which he based Winesburg, Ohio, Sherwood Anderson lived in Camden. Liberty White produced a short documentary about Anderson’s early life and influences that you can listen to at bit.ly/2P0vOUj.

In June 1938, in a handwritten reply to a second letter from Mrs. Oliver Kuhn, Anderson thanked her for telling him about her visits to Clyde and to Camden.

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Clockwise From Top Left: Doris Day: “America’s Sweetheart,” Doris Day began her career as a big band singer in 1939. Her first big hit, Sentimental Journey, was in 1945. She launched a successful acting career with the 1948 film, Romance on the High Seas, and later starred in Calamity Jane (1953) and alongside Jimmy Stewart in Alfred Hitchcock’s The Man Who Knew Too Much (1956). When her third husband died in 1968, she was shocked to learn that she was deeply in debt. That debt led her to accept a contract with CBS to make The Doris Day Show that same year. The Cincinnatian was a lifelong advocate for animal welfare and co-founded Actors and Others for Animals.

Dean Martin: Dino Paul Crocetti, born in Steubenville in 1917, broke into entertainment in the 1930s, first working in gambling joints as a croupier and blackjack dealer known for breaking out in song.

Bandleader Ernie McKay caught his act and hired him to sing lead vocals in Columbus. He began touring with Cleveland big band leader Sammy Watkins in 1938 and changed his name to Dean Martin in 1940. During a club engagement in 1946, Martin met Jerry Lewis. The two teamed up to make 17 movies between 1949 and 1956. Martin split with Lewis in 1956 and joined Frank Sinatra and Sammy Davis Jr. in the Rat Pack. By 1965, when his top-rated TV show began airing, fans called him “the King of Cool.”

Bob Hope: Bob Hope was born in London, England, in 1903 and moved to Cleveland when he was four. His career in entertainment spanned nearly 80 years and included comedy, vaudeville, acting, singing, dancing and writing. His humor was often self-deprecating and, with his contemporaries in the 1930s, Hope helped to invent modern stand-up comedy.

Phyllis Diller: One of the first female comics to become a household name in the United States, Phyllis Diller worked in more than 40 films, including Splendor in the Grass (1961) and Boy Did I Get a Wrong Number (1966, with Bob Hope). In May 2012, Diller accepted a Lifetime Achievement Award from her hometown of Lima. She died from natural causes three months later.

The 1960s

Decade of the Ohio Celebrities

CARICATURES BY ROD TROYER

Doris Day was America’s girl next door.

Bob Hope entertained the troops.

Phyllis Diller blazed a trail for female comics.

Dean Martin wooed them with his voice.

What do all of these entertainers have in common? They were at or near the top of the show business world in 1968, and they were all from Ohio.

It should come as no surprise that Ohioans were prominent in the entertainment industry, according to Tim Feran, television critic at the Columbus Dispatch from 1992 through 2005.

“Ohio is representative of the larger country,” Feran says. “Cleveland is sort of the westernmost East Coast city. Columbus is the northernmost Sun Belt city. Cincinnati is the northernmost Deep South city.

“We have rural, suburban and industrial areas. Anywhere else that people come from, there’s a place that’s almost identical in culture and behavior somewhere in Ohio.”

OHIO: THE HEART OF IT ALL Plain Dealer television critic Mark Dawidziak says the 1960s entertainment landscape was ideal for showcasing Midwestern values and talent.

“On the coasts, they think Ohio is somewhere, I don’t know, near Nebraska,” Dawidziak says with a laugh. “Ohio used to be the go-to state if you wanted to represent Middle America. The kid from Ohio.

You’d see that all the time in the movies and on television.”

Entertainers from Ohio, such as Cincinnati’s Doris Day and Steubenville’s Dean Martin, had broad appeal, a necessity during the 1960s.

Ohio is representative of the larger country.

“The entertainment that was consumed in the 1960s by the general public was mass entertainment,” says Dawidziak.

“When Doris Day had her television show (from 1968 through 1973), she had to get every demographic.

She couldn’t just appeal to old people. She had to appeal to young kids, to parents, to grandparents.

“The industry is much more fractured today, more niche-driven.”

People forget, Dawidziak says, “ just how big Doris Day was back then.”

The Dean Martin Show aired from 1965 through 1974, the first four seasons all rated in the Top 20.

“No guy was bigger in the 1960s than Dean Martin,” Dawidziak says. “He was the epitome of cool, what with the Rat Pack, his Matt Helm movies and The Dean Martin Show. He’s standing side by side with Frank Sinatra, but he was always, also, an Ohio boy, the kid from Steubenville.”

What did it mean to be the kid from Steubenville?

“As a fan, you’d have to go through an army of bodyguards to get to Frank and then he’d give you the cold shoulder,” Dawidziak says. “You’d get next to Dean and he’d smile and ask you if you wanted to have a drink with him. That was the impression.”

Martin succeeded for the same reason Day succeeded—his broad appeal. “Hipsters, kids, grandparents, he had to appeal to them all, and he did.”

Feran says part of the reason Ohioans thrived in the entertainment industry during the 1960s was the relatively modest size of even its largest cities.

“In short, there’s no place so big that somebody with talent can’t break out and become visible here, which leads to becoming successful somewhere else,” he says.

In the 1960s, Ernie Anderson (who later became Ghoulardi, host of science-fiction and horror films on Cleveland’s Channel 8, WJW-TV) and Tim Conway teamed up to perform comedy bits for the CBS affiliate in Cleveland.

“They did some great stuff locally, and then in the ‘70s Ernie went to L.A. and was the voice of The Love Boat and did intros for ABC stations across the country, you know, ‘Eyewitness News starts … now!’

"And, of course, Tim Conway went on to fame on The Carol Burnett Show, but in the 1960s he was in McHale’s Navy and the ill-fated comedy sketch show, Turn-On.”

46 Echoes | NOVEMBER & DECEMBER 2018

THE HARDEST-WORKING MAN IN SHOW BIZ Bob Hope was a comedic staple in vaudeville before making his radio debut in 1934. He starred in half a dozen “road” movies with Bing Crosby between 1940 and 1952 and hosted the Academy Awards 19 times between 1939 and 1977. But he’s probably best remembered for his annual USO trips to entertain military personnel.

“In the 1960s you couldn’t find a more establishment figure than Bob Hope,” says John Kiesewetter, television critic at the Cincinnati Enquirer for more than 30 years before becoming the TV/Media Reporter for WVXU-FM in Cincinnati.

“If you had poster children for the left and the right during the 1960s, Jane Fonda would be on the left and Bob Hope would be on the right.”

Bob Hope really wasn’t all that political, and he broke comedic ground in the 1930s and 1940s, according to Kiesewetter. “He won’t be remembered for his politics,” Kiesewetter says, “but for being the ‘hardest-working man in show biz.’

When my dad was in the military during World War II, he saw Hope perform on Guadalcanal. Hope’s last USO tour was during the Gulf War in 1990.”

Feran says Hope also epitomized Middle America.

“Though he was born in England, he grew up in Cleveland,” he says. “When the baby boomers came along, Hope may have seemed hopelessly tired and old guard. But you think back to what he was doing in the ‘30s and ‘40s, and that was tremendously subversive material. He’d take a crack at people, but everybody laughed along.

“That’s what made it Midwestern art. It was urbane up to a point—Hope was a wise guy, but he’s also from Ohio and, you know, we’re all kind of nice here. ‘I’m taking a crack at you but, ah …’”

Of course, the Midwest idealized on television and in the movies didn’t really exist.

THE CLEVELAND OF OUR MINDS “It’s the Cleveland, the Midwest, of our minds and our imaginations,” Dawidiak says, “but in reality Cleveland was very different. It had large immigrant populations—Poles, Italians, Irish, Slovenians.”

The archetypal 1960s television show that evoked nostalgia for small-town life was The Andy Griffith

Show. Though it was set in the ‘60s, Griffith modeled it on his childhood in the 1930s South.

But it wouldn’t be long before Ohio supplanted North Carolina as the home of Every Town, USA. “And when Andy left the show, when they wrote his character out of the script, where did he go?”

Dawidziak asks. “Helen (his wife) and Andy moved to Cleveland, a place far away from North Carolina, but where Andy wouldn’t seem out of place.”

Dawidziak doesn’t think it’s a coincidence that 10 years later, in 1978, WKRP in Cincinnati became a hit show set in contemporary Cincinnati, though reflecting the attitudes, mores and culture shaped by an earlier decade, the 1960s. (Gordon Jump, who played Arthur Carlson on the show, was born and raised in Dayton.)

“Each character on WKRP represented a 1970s reality in some way shaped by the 1960s. Each took a different path coming home, where they could live on the air in Cincinnati,” Dawidziak says.

“Johnny was the kid who chafed at societal norms.

Bailey struggled with feminism. Venus Flytrap represented inner-city reality. In the end, they’re a Middle American family.” —EM

Some Ohio Celebrities of the 1960s Jim Backus, Cleveland Kaye Ballard, Cleveland Joe E. Brown, Holgate/Toledo Tim Conway, Willoughby Doris Day, Cincinnati Ruby Dee, Cleveland Phyllis Diller, Lima Mike Douglas, Cleveland Hugh Downs, Akron Jamie Farr, Toledo Joe Flynn, Youngstown Joel Grey, Cleveland Hal Holbrook, Cleveland Bob Hope, Cleveland The Isley Brothers, Cincinnati The James Gang, Columbus/Kent/Cleveland

LEARN MORE

All five seasons of The Doris Day Show are available to stream at Amazon Prime, amazon.com/video.

In Hope, biographer Richard Zoglin argues that Bob Hope “was the most important entertainer of the 20th century,” a success in vaudeville, Broadway, radio, song, movies, books, television and concerts.

In Dean Martin: Living High in the Dirty Business of Dreams, biographer Nick Tosches writes of Martin’s ability not only to represent Middle America but to transcend it: “Dean was an effulgence of the warp between the square and the fashionably cool; and, as such, somehow always would elude the fate of the cool, which invariably was to become the square.”

Mark Dawidziak is the author of Everything I Need to Know I Learned in the Twilight Zone: A Fifth-Dimension Guide to Life. He wants you to know that the series creator, Rod Serling, lived for seven years in Dayton and attended Antioch College.

Paul Lynde, Mount Vernon Moms Mabley, Cleveland Dean Martin, Steubenville Agnes Moorehead, New Concord Paul Newman, Shaker Heights Jack Paar, Canton Tom Poston, Columbus Roy Rogers, Portsmouth Nancy Wilson, Chillicothe Jonathan Winters, Dayton/Springfield [from age 7 to 17] Bobby Womack, Cleveland Rod Troyer is a self-trained artist who lives in Madison, Indiana. He was born in Wooster, Ohio. He became interested in Ohio celebrities when, working in Hollywood in the late 1960s, he began to learn about stars such as Clark Gable and Phyllis Diller and their origins in the Buckeye State.

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I Wish I’d Been There W H E N T H E A M E R I C A N I N D I A N A S S O C I AT I O N WA S F O R M E D I N CO LU M B U S BY S A N D R A G A R N E R

It was a crisp autumn day in Columbus, Ohio—Thurs., Oct. 12, 1911. History was being made on the campus of The Ohio State University as 44 American Indian women and men came together for a working conference to “organize an association of Indians by and for Indians.”

Initially called the American Indian Association, the group stated that “the time has come when the American Indian race should contribute in a more united way, its influence and exertion with the rest of the United States in all lines of progress and reform, for the welfare of the Indian race in particular and all humanity in general.”

Who were these American Indians?

Why did they choose Columbus and Ohio State? What did they hope to accomplish and why?

WELL-EDUCATED AND ACCOMPLISHED The 44 American Indian attendees were progressive, the elite of their generation. They were well-educated and accomplished—physicians, lawyers, members of Congress, clergy and anthropologists hailing from Yale, Princeton and other

The attendees were progressive, the elite of their generation. esteemed institutions of higher education. They represented a wide range of Native American tribes:

48 Echoes | NOVEMBER & DECEMBER 2018

Winnebago, Seneca, Chippewa, Menominee, Cherokee and Sioux, to name a few.

They were also profoundly shaped by the boarding-school era, a period in American history when “Indian” children were removed from their homes and communities and placed in boarding schools throughout the country. Carlisle Indian Industrial School in Pennsylvania, founded in 1879, was the most famous of these educational experiments meant to remove the “Indian” from the child.

They were representative of what civil rights activist, sociologist and historian W.E.B. Du Bois referred to as the “Talented Tenth,” those exceptional people who, through education, could and would uplift their race. It was an ideal in the age of progressivism. And it is no surprise that Du Bois, a contemporary in this historical moment, had met Charles Eastman, Sioux physician and keynote speaker at the Columbus conference, earlier that year at the First Universal Races Congress.

INVITED TO OHIO STATE Planning for the first meeting had started two years earlier,

but connections were forged much earlier. Ohio State sociology professor F.A. McKenzie had taught in the boarding school system, putting him in touch with a network of exceptional graduates. He was in correspondence with the leading “Red Progressives,” encouraging them to form a national Indian organization as early as 1908. That year, he invited Dr. Eastman, Dr. Montezuma and the Rev. Sherman Coolidge to Ohio State to present on the “Indian problem.” These three American Indian men went on to play key roles in the founding of the organization. By 1909, 11 prominent American Indian men and women agreed to form a temporary executive committee to plan the first convention. And in April 1911, they were invited to Ohio State for a formal planning meeting. OSU president William Oxley Thompson extended a formal invitation and would play a prominent role during the proceedings.

The committee intentionally chose the conference date, Oct. 12, because the day had long been associated with celebrations, especially in places like New York

Distinguished members of the first conference of the Society of American Indians, held on the Ohio State University campus in October 1911.

Courtesy of the Ohio State University Rare Books Library

City, honoring the so-called discovery of the Americas by Christopher Columbus. The city bearing Columbus’s name was a perfect location. Publicity, such as a cartoon published in the Ohio State Journal, drew attention to the connection. It contrasted the 1492 event with the arrival of conference attendees dressed in the finest American fashion of the time. It showed what organizers wanted the public to see: that Indians of the past were still present.

SOUGHT CITIZENSHIP AND SELF-DETERMINATION Visibility as contemporaries in American society was a problem, particularly in Ohio, where Native Americans had been removed by the mid-19th century. The 1830s Indian Removal Act forced Indian peoples west of the Mississippi River. There had not been a Native presence in Ohio for 70 years. In fact, the Indian’s political status in the U.S. was the key issue taken up by the organization.

Native Americans were still “wards”

of the nation and did not hold citizenship. Native peoples making their own decisions about their futures and becoming citizens of the U.S. were primary goals.

The organizers knew the public’s ability to see the contemporary “Indian” rather than the “vanishing” Indian of the past was stretched.

A local paper interviewed Rosa LaFlesche, secretary/treasurer of the organization. The article, entitled “Does Not Wear the Dress of Her Race,” suggests that one interview question was about “Indian” dress.

LaFlesche assured the reporter that “we all know what our tribal costume is, although we never wear it.”

Contemporary wear did not match the public’s imagination of the “Indian.” The organizers knew this, and the evening entertainment at the welcoming reception included performers in “some Indian costumes.”

serve American Indians for another 12 years, until 1923. In 1924, American Indians became citizens of the United States. The ideals of the Society of American Indians, self-determination in all aspects of “Indian” life, continue to be the ideals of today.

I wish I’d been there.

Sandra Garner is an associate professor in the Department of Global and Intercultural Studies and coordinator of American Studies at Miami University in Oxford.

The organizing convention adopted the official name “Society of American Indians” and worked to

Visibility as contemporaries in American society was a problem, particularly in Ohio.

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International Peace in Dayton

YO U N G E Y E S O N T H E PA S T

T H E E N D O F T H E B O S N I A N CO N F L I C T

BY O S H A J O N E S , O H I O H I S T O RY DAY S T U D E N T

Even now that two decades have passed, opinion is divided.

50 Echoes | NOVEMBER & DECEMBER 2018

From Oct. 31 to Nov. 21, 1995, Dayton, Ohio, was in the international spotlight as Wright-Patterson Air Force Base hosted peace negotiations that ultimately ended the violent war in Bosnia.

WAR IN BOSNIA Yugoslavia was formed at the end of World War I, out of neighboring countries with diverse ethnic groups.

During the years of the Cold War, the country was known as one of the most tolerant countries, with a very diverse population. After the Cold War ended, the country’s diversity proved to be one of the forces that tore it apart.

In 1992, Yugoslavia was at the brink of war. The country had been unstable since the 1980 death of its leader, Josip Broz Tito, and was sinking into poverty. The country’s different ethnic groups were separating into factions.

The war began with Bosnia and Herzegovina declaring independence from Yugoslavia.

Ethnic Serbs, who controlled most of Yugoslavia, opposed the breakup.

They formed the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and started fighting to carve out separate Serb-controlled territories. Croatia soon became a part of the war, with all three fighting for control of land.

ETHNIC CLEANSING Conflict with the newly formed Bosnian state was bloody. Because fighting was primarily along cultural and religious lines, the term ethnic cleansing was born. The siege of Sarajevo in Bosnia and Herzegovina

by Serbian forces became the longest in modern history, lasting almost four years. Over 11,000 people were killed in Sarajevo alone.

Seated from left to right: Slobodan Milošević, Alija Izetbegović and Franjo Tuđman initialing the Dayton Peace Accords at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base near Dayton on Nov. 21, 1995.

U.S. Air Force Staff Sgt. Brian Schlumbohm

In 1993, the United Nations created six safe zones to protect civilians.

In 1995, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia attacked all six safe zones and massacred 8,000 men and boys in the town of Srebrenica.

This act was deemed a war crime, and in response NATO bombed several Serbian army targets. The mounting pressure from the NATO response led Serbia to enter peace negotiations.

PEACE NEGOTIATIONS IN DAYTON, OHIO President Bill Clinton agreed to host peace talks at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base near Dayton, even though few thought that peace was even possible. When the foreign delegates arrived in November 1995, the United States hoped to draft an agreement that would extend the cease-fire and divide the land, all before Thanksgiving. This was accomplished on Nov. 21, and the result was exactly as hoped: peace.

The Dayton Accords preserved Bosnia as a single state made up of two parts—the Bosniak-Croat Federation and the Bosnian Serb Republic—with Sarajevo remaining as the undivided capital city.

The Dayton Accords were drafted and signed in Dayton and again in Paris shortly after. Few could have hoped for a better outcome, but some were skeptical that peace would last. To this day, scars remain. Several thousand refugees were displaced and cannot return home because of the land division.

In Bosnia and Herzegovina’s capital, Sarajevo, people still remember the siege.

23 YEARS LATER Even now that two decades have passed, opinion is divided. Were the accords a masterstroke or will war return in the future? One thing is certain: The Dayton Accords are an outstanding representation of the pros and cons of foreign intervention by more developed nations in negotiating compromises between unstable and warring governments.

Osha Jones

History

Day participant Osha Jones of Stewart, Ohio, is home-schooled and is in the 10th grade. His favorite subjects are math and science. He is active in jiujitsu and plays the violin.

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A LEGACY FOR

The Future The Ohio History Connection has been a part of Ann Bigelow’s life for as long as she can remember.

“ I thought: Which charity means most to me? Where could my gift make a difference?”

– ANN BIGELOW –

“When I was little, our family used to go to ‘the Museum’ at 15th and High in Columbus,” she recalls. “Then as a grown-up I would take visitors to Ohio Village.” But it was when Ann discovered the Ohio History Connection’s Archives & Library in the mid-1990s that she found her true passion in a connection to her family story.

“While looking at the estate inventory of my great-great-great-grandfather from 1833 on microfilm, I came upon ‘Estate Inventory of John M. Edmiston, adjudged insane,’” Ann says. “It piqued my interest because my own brother had been mentally ill.”

Through research within these collections, Ann, who is an Ohio History Connection member, gained knowledge about the history of mental health care in early Ohio, and has almost finished a book on the subject.

Ann travels to the Ohio History Center in Columbus from her home in Somerset to visit the Archives & Library about once a week to work on her book. “The Archives & Library has no end of fascinating material to read,” she says. “And every staff member is both knowledgeable and personable.”

Ann’s passion led her to make a provision for the Ohio History Connection in her estate plans. “I thought: which charity means most to me? Where could my gift make a difference? It was an easy choice: the Archives & Library,” Ann says.

“This arrangement has injected new meaning into my life.”

We are grateful for Ann’s generosity, which allows us to continue to preserve and share the important stories from our collections for years to come.

Through her planned gift, Ann is now a member of our Mabry Legacy Society, named after Eleanor C. Mabry, a lifetime member and supporter. You can find out more about planned giving at ohiohistory.org/yourlegacy.

52 Echoes | NOVEMBER & DECEMBER 2018

Pages 52 through 57 are excerpted from our Annual Report, online in full at ohiohistory.org/annualreport.

MANY THANKS TO OUR GENEROUS

Annual Supporters Thank you to the generous Ohioans and friends who support the mission of the Ohio History Connection. We are grateful to all those who have shown their commitment to Ohio history, and we take this opportunity to recognize those who have made a gift of $150 or more during the period of July 1, 2017, through June 30, 2018. Although space does not permit us to list the many individuals who contributed less than $150, we wish to thank you for your support.

DIRECTOR’S CIRCLE This extraordinary group of leaders and visionaries embraces the mission and strategic initiatives of the Ohio History Connection. We are honored to partner with them and are grateful for their investment of $1,200 or more to support innovation and excellence.

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Shearer & Assoc., Inc Mary Jo Stafford Charitable Trust Michelle Wightman-Karrie Wieber Charitable Foundation PATRON $2,500–$4,999 Individuals Anonymous Ryan & Sarah Campbell Paul & Jane Davis Garrett & Sidney Dill Cindy & Larry Hilsheimer Linda Busken Jergens Steven & Brenda Johnston Suhas & Patty Kakde Philip Kuceyeski Bob & Karen Lucas Mr. & Mrs. John C. Matesich III Ted & Kathy McKinniss John H. Morris Vernon Pack Joe & Sara Patchen Ted Prasse Virginia M. Smith Mr. & Mrs. Robert A. Taft II Mr. & Mrs. Ralph W. Talmage Roselia C. Deters Verhoff Susan K. Woerner Businesses, Foundations & Organizations Anonymous Erika Bourguignon Charitable Trust John & Annie Glenn Museum Foundation Kenwel Printers Mary Miller Patton Fund of The Columbus Foundation Settlers Bank Foundation Fund of the Marietta Community Foundation

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SPONSOR $1,200–$2,499 Individuals Elizabeth A. Aino John C. & Jana L. Bartram Ann C. Bigelow Phyllis S. Butterworth Emmett Conway Joel & Sally Davenport Patty Donnally Jon & Cindy Elsasser John D. & Francille M. Firebaugh John E. Hancock Abigail Harding & David Goldberger Mr. & Mrs. William C. Heer III Mr. & Mrs. Donald E. Herr George & Phyllis Knepper David & Judith Lanning Randall A. Mason The Honorable Adam Miller Gary & Heather Ness George W. & Ruth B. Paulson Mr. & Mrs. James G. Ryan Thomas R. Schiff Priscilla & Fred Schwier Erik R. Stoddard Ron & Janet Stolle Elizabeth Stone Dr. & Mrs. James A. Vaughan Jeff & Sandy Ward Jane M. Werum Dave & Nanci Westrick Jim, Kim, Kate & Meg Wilson Kathy Wyatt Donald & Ellen Yerks Businesses, Foundations & Organizations Bailey Cavalieri, LLC Thomas R. Gross Family Foundation Carole Rogel Fund of The Columbus Foundation DONOR HONOR ROLL PARTNER $500–$1,199 Individuals Bill & Diana Arthur Beth Benko & James Atkinson George & Nancy Bain David B. & Suzanne S. Baker John & Carol Boblenz John & Susan Boylan The Honorable Clarence J. & Mrs. Joyce Eldridge Brown Robert D. Burns, MD Chris Burton Martha M. Callihan David & Diane Campbell Karen E. Campbell Jennifer & Robert Cassidy Thomas V. Chema Mr. & Mrs. Frank L. Christy C. Ellen Connally Ida Copenhaver & James Ginter Beth Crane & Richard McKee Thelda E. Davies

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Mr. & Mrs. P. Michael DeAngelo Jeffrey R. Eadie Mr. & Mrs. William B. Eldredge Kathleen M. Fernandez Judy Fox Judge Richard A. Frye Richard Furnstahl & Teresa Stankiewicz Dareth Gerlach Irene Golis Donna Grube Court Hall Jr. Bob & Beth Hamilton Richard & Jeanne Hannan Drew & Barbara Hansen William A. & Linda S. Herrnstein Kiehner Johnson Tom & Joyce Johnson Beverly Kiehl Laura Klein Todd Kleismit & Lisa Defendiefer Maryline & John Kulewicz Mary Kupiec Cayton Susan & Robert Leggett Jerri Letcavits John Lewis & Judy Huang Allan J. Libbe Robert D. Lindner Jr. Dr. Bernard F. Losekamp Thomas & Nancy Lurie Frederick W. Martin Brandon & Tracie McCall Stephanie McManus & Gregory Renda Sally McNamee Terry M. & Martha J. Miller Sara & Terry Miller Betty D. Montgomery Stephen P. Munro Mr. & Mrs. William J. Muthig Ann Newsom Marilyn Paulsen Nancy Jo Pifer Colonel & Mrs. Wayne Pittman Robert A. & Bonnie M. Prots Michael G. & Andrea Rapp Yolita Rausche Sally Rogers Jodi & Stanley Ross Katharine & Robert C. Ruhl Patricia J. Sawvel Todd & Becky Stephenson Estate of Kay Barnhouse Stout Tom & Liz Sturges David H. Timmons Dana Tyler Jeff T. Vawter John & Rebekah Vogel Ray A. Waldren The Weibel Family Frank & Rosemary Welsh Richard K. Wendt Dr. Alexander Westerfelt David Wilhelm Brian L. & Erin Holmes Wingfield

Businesses, Foundations & Organizations 5 Star Staffing The Fenton Foundation Fireline, Inc Foundation for Appalachian Ohio Franklin Heating Cooling & Refrigeration, Inc. Ohio Magazine Hieronymus Family Fund, Inc. Kegler Brown Hill & Ritter, LPA Medical Mutual of Ohio Montei Foundation Ohio Valley Archaeology, Inc. The Roberta L. Ewing Marks Charitable Lead Trust The Vaughan Family Charitable Gift Fund The Ross County Banking Center CONTRIBUTOR $350–$499 Individuals Anonymous (3) The Akins Family Andrew T. Alderman Mr. & Mrs. D. M. Blank Mr. & Mrs. Thomas F. Brandt Richard P. Bryan & Regina M. Amidon Lois Chandler Elaine & Victor Goodman Arthur & Molly Greenberg Roger & Sheila Hollenbaugh Rosemary Joyce Kimberly A. & Pete Koloski Charles & Anita Mitchell Annegreth T. Nill & Bruce C. Posey Marilyn O'Brien & Margaret Nix Jamison Pack & Jason Moore John & Norine Prim Beth Ann & Michael L. Prince Marilyn Pritchett Betty Rutter Jennifer & Rob Scheehle Truda & Chris Shinker Doug & Suzanne Sweeney Paulene & Mark Wilson Cameron & Megan Wood Businesses, Foundations & Organizations Botkins Area Community Club The Kroger Company SUPPORTER $150–$349 Individuals Anonymous (3) Mr. Joseph A. Alutto & Mrs. Carol L. Newcomb Kyle Andrews Dale & Roberta Angerman Mr. & Mrs. James Appold Mr. & Mrs. Bruce Bailey Paula Baker Owen Barr

Jackie Barton Arthur J. Beach Donald & Jean Beckett Jennifer Bellville-Marrion Jennifer Beverly Andrew & Eugenia Brodey Mr. & Mrs. Thomas J. Browne Jacqueline A. Brown Charles Brunner Mr. & Mrs. Randall L. Buchman Anthony G. Chila Renee Coll Joseph & Peg Conway Jessi Crim Weithman David & Adelaide Davies William & Pam Davis Linda Deitz & Bryan Wooden Edward & Lois Del Grosso Samuel & Judith Dodson Tom & Lynn Dotson Trent Dougherty & Vanessa Rodriguez Debra Duncan & Steve Hankison Mr. & Mrs. Douglas R. Eakins C. John & Flo Ann Easton Mr. & Mrs. Daryl A. Edwards Patricia Eiben Dr. & Mrs. Lynn E. Elfner Mary L. Fawcett Senator & Mrs. Richard H. Finan Dr. & Dr. John E. Fleming Fred & Veronica Frost John & Maryann Gall James R. & Mary Ann Gardner George & Michelle Geissbuhler Robert Gerker Deliaan Gettler Anthony Gibbs Tom & Linda Grey Beth Grimes-Flood & Tom Flood Melissa Hackett Dr. & Mrs. Thomas J. Halpin Dr. Edward L. Hamblin Don Harrod Karen L. Hassel John Heinz Robert & Patricia Henley Dr. Michael S. Herschler Lee Hieronymus Gerard Hilferty Joshua & Brandy Hill June & Dave Hinkle Thomas Ernst Huenefeld Fern E. Hunt Caroline Ibbotson Lise Jacobson Joyce Kaufmann Jack & Nancy Kelly Bobbie-Jo Kennedy Norman Kennedy Mr. & Mrs. Byron L. Kentner Dan & Carole Kerber William Q. Kirkwood Beverly Michele Koenig William G. Kofron Chris & Kristine Konik

Gordon L. & Dolores B. Koscher Howard P. Krisher & Carol Statkus Robert Leonhard Laura Lujan Keith Manecke & Kristina Emick Maggie Marconi Shari Mason Barbara B. Massie & Ryan Jaroncyk Beverly I. McDonald Jamie McGann Dr. & Mrs. Thomas C. McLaughlin Karen Miley Fred B. & Ruth Miller Marcus J. Molea Craig Mosier Scott & Sharon Mueller Elizabeth Nelson Nancy Newton James & Catherine Oda Brad Ostroff Harry Parsons Dr. Jerry L. Pearson Scott Pendleton DVM Ken & Judy Pierce Elizabeth L. Plummer Mark & Denise Ramser Emily Rebmann Larry & Janet Robertson Ann Royer Jessica Sells The Honorable Henry E. Shaw Jr. Marvin Shrimplin Donald Siegla Jane A. Simmons Jason & Kathleen Skestos Carolyn M. Sommerich Hughes Sparks Effie Spillman Mr. & Mrs. David H. Stammen Greg Stewart & Susan Ernst Dr. Mac A. Stewart Neil E. Stutz Mark Sundlov Mr. & Mrs. Sheldon A. Taft John Teichmoeller Amanda S. Terrell Terry Thackery Marcia Thompson Alan Tonetti Dr. & Mrs. Charles Townley Mark & Sharon Tranovich Daniel R. Turnbull M. Tuxford-Hawkins Doreen N. Uhas-Sauer & John Sauer Meta von Rabenau Mary Wash Hugh N. Westwater Chris Wilden Thomas & Mary Williams Stuart Wilms & Rebecca Owen Dr. Gregory Wilson & Dr. Laura Hilton Jay & Barbara Wilson Mr. & Mrs. Manfred Winnewisser Jeanette L. Wojcik Creighton & Carolyn Wright Ray Wylam John W. Zimmerly

Businesses, Foundations & Organizations Bebout Family Fund at the Marion Community Foundation Blendon Township Blennerhassett Historical Foundation Carroll Area Historical Society CSI Construction Systems Inc. DesignGroup Architecture Friends of Ohio History Fund of The Columbus Foundation Geary Family YMCA of Fostoria City of Grove City Dean & Sue Jacob Family Fund at the Marion Community Foundation Johnson Welded Products, Inc. Mechanical Systems of Dayton Miami Valley Steam Threshers Assn., Inc. Monroeville Sesquicentennial North Columbus Sports Inc. Our Towne Mechanicsburg Saint Johns Lutheran Church Seniors St. James Lutheran Church Inc. Union County Convention & Visitors Bureau Willard Area Historical Society Worthington Hills Women's Club Wynford Elementary School MATCHING GIFTS The following organizations generously matched their employees' contributions.

Discover Financial Services Matching Gift Program ExxonMobil Foundation Matching Gift Programs Wolfe Associates, Inc. ELEANOR C. MABRY LEGACY SOCIET Y The Legacy Society honors and recognizes a distinguished group of supporters who have made a provision for the Ohio History Connection in their estate plan or have committed to another form of planned gift. We are grateful for their generosity and dedication to protecting Ohio’s history for future generations.

Anonymous (5) Helen Jane Alexander* Gahanna Owen G.* & Marion L. Barr Grand Ledge, MI Ann C. Bigelow Somerset Raymond L. Bland* & Janice M. Bland* Warren Betty J. Bock* Bowling Green Elizabeth Boyer* Chesterland Karen S. Brown Rochester, NY Parker B. Brown* Rochester, NY

Georgia Bruce Upper Arlington Richard P. Bryan & Regina M. Amidon Holland John B. Calfee* Cleveland Marilyn I. Campbell* Gahanna Thomas N. & Patricia H. Canfield Pittsburgh, PA Cynthia J. Chester* Columbus Christine H. Crone* Euclid Noel Cutright* & Kathleen Redmond West Bend, WI Neva Deemer* Columbus Yenema V. Fernandez Trust Bellbrook Walter T. Frank* Columbus Bernice S. Gay* Westerville Mary Eloise Green* Columbus Phyllis Greene Granville Arthur R. Haire* Powell Court Hall, Jr. Columbus Mary C. Hanes* Euclid Lawrence L. Heyder* Sunbury Sheila Hodgson* Columbus Margaret A. Hukill* Lancaster Hugh Huntington* Columbus Dorothy M. Jacobs* Columbus Frank & Julie Jungers Portland, OR Louise Kaercher* Hilliard Michael D. Lehman* Greenville Robert W. & Karen Lucas Pemberville Eleanor C. Mabry* Newport News, VA Theodore Magnuson* Longwood, FL Susan Marsch* Marietta Maj. Gen. Raymond E. Mason, Jr.* & Margaret Mason* Osprey, FL Rebecca Maykowski Columbus Nancy A. & Harry McGary* Harrison Dixie S. Miller* Gahanna Pauline B. Miller* Tiffin William H. Nolan* Columbus Edgar Northrup* Marietta Rosalie E. Palius* Columbus

Richard & Jude Parke Shaker Heights Charles M. Patterson* Dayton Mary Miller Patton* Gahanna Dr. E. Jane Porter* Columbus Frank R. Porter* Columbus Jane Reamer* Worthington Richard J. Rinebolt* Findlay Lucinda Reynolds Bexley Perle Riley* Lebanon Karlon Roop Gahanna Katherine L. Rowland* Lebanon Cloene S. Samuels* Columbus Dr. A. Jeanette Sexton Columbus Kathryn A. Sheedy* Westerville Isabel H. Simmons* Columbus Lillian Skeele* Columbus Robert Burns Smith Worthington Hills David J. Snyder Andover Mary H. Staats* Zanesville Kay Barnhouse Stout* Cambridge Lillian Bimeler Sturm* Zoar John W. Taylor* Cambridge Robert Waters Sr.* Georgetown Jane Werum Columbus Randall Worthington* Washington Court House Fred J. Zint* Wapakoneta *Deceased

NAMED ENDOWMENTS Thank you to our friends who have established an endowment to provide support in perpetuity for Ohio History or for specific sites and projects.

Adena Garden Endowment in Memory of Judge & Mrs. Howard Goldsberry J.D. Britton Endowment for Local History Conestoga Endowment Mabel & Harvey Cutright Endowment for Fort Hill Neva Deemer Endowment for Social Studies Teacher Education Friends of Ohio History Endowment Frohman Endowment Fund The Gay Ohio History Initiative Endowment

OHIOHIS TORY.ORG

55

William J. Gesling Endowment Mary Eloise Green Endowment Fund Charles A. Jones Memorial Endowment Dr. David N. Kinsman & Daniel Hatton Memorial Endowment William K. Laidlaw, Jr. Memorial Fund Nancy R. & Harry E. McGary Endowment Gary & Heather Ness Endowment William H. Nolan Endowment for Adena Ohio Association of Garden Clubs Endowment for Wahkeena Nature Preserve Ohio Gun Collectors Association Permanent Endowment Fund Ohio History Connection Legacy Endowment Ohio History Connection Membership Operations Endowment Patterson Family Endowment for the Piqua Historical Area Randall Worthington Endowment for Adena The Towboat W.P. Snyder, Jr. Endowment The Worthington Family Endowment for Adena IN-KIND DONATIONS Thank you to the following individuals and organizations that have made generous contributions to support the Ohio History Connection.

Richard W. Burry Clinton County Port Authority Creative Cuisine The Kroger Company Mr. & Mrs. D. W. Newhouse Ohio Wesleyan University Park Enterprise Construction Co., Inc. Jim & Linda Potts Carol Stivers HONORIALS & MEMORIALS A tribute gift is a meaningful way to remember or honor a loved one or an occasion. The Ohio History Connection appreciates every tribute gift this year, all of which have made a significant impact on Ohio History.

Honorials Jackie Brown from Keidan Cares Fund of The Columbus Foundation Teresa C. Carstensen from Ann C. Bigelow Connie Conner from Ann C. Bigelow Missy Dorsten from Ann C. Bigelow Patrice R. Fatig from Jennifer Pratt Diana Green from Thomas A. Green Sr. Court Hall Jr. from Brian & Stacey Hall

56 Echoes | NOVEMBER & DECEMBER 2018

Court Hall Jr. from Timothy & Christina Hall Dr. Warren G. Harding III from W. J. Dehner from Richard & Jeanne Hannan Travis Kokas from Ann C. Bigelow William M. Mahon from Kimberly A. Koloski David W. Newell from Kimberly A. Koloski Dr. George Paulson from Jerome J. & Margaret A. Cunningham from Harry Parsons Elizabeth Plummer from Ann C. Bigelow Salesa Richards from Ann C. Bigelow Andrew Verhoff from Betsy Hedler Jim Wilson & Family from Andrew Brodey & Eugenia Erlij Elizabeth J. Woods from Ann C. Bigelow Memorials Celia Baker from Celia Whitehead William Billingsley from Belinda Tate Sandra L. Davies from Thelda E. Davies from Barbara Powers Joseph R. Fawcett from Mary L. Fawcett Frank P. Hall from Kyle Andrews from Betsy & Brian Becker from Martha E. Boyce from John & Anne Clifford from Concord Village Condominium Association from Conestoga from Andrew Conner from Court Hall Jr. from Katherine Macewan from Jo Ann & Edward Merkle from Dr. & Mrs. Carson Reider from Mr. & Mrs. George F. Renkert from David & Nancy Rummel from the Ohio Delta Company, Phi Kappa Psi at the Ohio State University from Douglas & Carrie Warmolts Geraldine Hall from Mark & Susan Parker Philip L. Hall from Conestoga from Harry Parsons Megan Jones from Cynthia Violet Esther I. Leggett from Susan W. Akins from The Akins Family from Donald Bingle & Cynthia Hartman from Lynn A. Bird from Georgia Bruce from Carl & Mary Chandler from Patty Donnally from Norman & Emily Hobson from Lise Jacobson from Kim Leggett from Susan & Robert Leggett from Sally McNamee from John & Grace Meeth from Cheryl & William Schott from Robert R. & Debra S. Wilson

James F. Leonard from Ramona Leonard Thurman Mathews from Sherry & Kevin Hall from Mark & Susan Parker Nancy Ault Parsons from Harry Parsons Julie A. Quinlan from Barbara Powers Mike Schoonover from Joseph Born from Kevin Cahill from Patrick Corlette from Andrew & Mary Gantzer from Hamilton Capital Management Inc. from Bill Hutter from Jacqueline & Mitchell Kon from Indreny Leliawati from John Preklas from Michelle Quillin from Bernadette Tady Christopher Shaw from the Office of Dr. Megan Shiga, DDS Rachel Timmons from Conestoga Jim Washburn from Gene K. Baumgardner from Karl Elder from Bob & Elisa Mains from Kim Yee from Priscilla & Henry Ziegler Richard A. Way from Janet Pierson Preston Wolfe from Nancy Wolfe Lane Family Fund of The Columbus Foundation

Jerry & Joan Riseling Sally Rogers Tom & Liz Sturges Doug & Suzanne Sweeney Rebecca Taft Jeffrey Thomas Dave Timmons Dick Wendt Jane Werum Howard & Betty Zimmer

CONESTOGA

Greater Columbus Arts Council

For the past 32 years, the passionate and dedicated members of the Conestoga support group have shared their time, talent, and resources for the benefit of the Ohio History Connection. We are especially grateful for the loyal friendship of all Conestoga members.

Listed below are individual and community partners who graciously contributed to Conestoga's fundraising success with gifts of $150 or more.

Institute of Museum and Library Services

Businesses, Foundations & Organizations

Columbus Museum of Art Columbus Zoo & Aquarium Granville Inn Hamilton Capital Management Knitting Temptations NAPA Kitchen & Bar ProMusica Chamber Orchestra The Thurber House Top20education.com The Wine Bistro GOVERNMENT GRANTS The Ohio History Connection is proud to provide services to the people of Ohio that are funded through local, state and federal government grants.

City of Columbus, Department of Development

National Archives and Records Administration National Endowment for the Humanities National Park Service Ohio Arts Council ServeOhio

Individuals Bill & Lexie Bickell Robert Bruce Pat & Laura Ecklar Joanne & Chris Figge John & Bebe Finn Lois Fulmer Marilyn Goodman Cindy Hilsheimer Nancy Jeffrey Judy Krasnoff Gary & Heather Ness Christine & John Olsen Dan & Carolyn Owens Marilyn Paulsen Chris Paulson George & Ruth Paulson Keith & Nadine Pierce James & Leslie Plahuta

READ MORE

Pages 52 through 57 are excerpted from our Annual Report, online in full at ohiohistory.org/annualreport.

30000

TOTAL SUPPORT AND REVENUE

25000

FISCAL YEAR 2018*

Annual Revenue + Expenses

20000

15000

10000

5000

1% 0

8%

FY08 Capital

21%

FY09 GRF †

FY10

FY11

FY12

FY13

Contracts/Grants

FY14

FY15

Contributions

FY16

FY17

Earned Revenue

FY18 Other

† General Revenue Fund

SUPPORT AND REVENUE

40% Site Operations, Education and Interpretive Programs State Archives and Library

14% 16%

3%

Historic Preservation Office Capital Projects

14%

Management and General State Capital Projects

Development

State General Revenue Fund

17%

Contracts and Grants

EXPENSES

51%

Contributions (Financial, Materials and Services) Earned Revenue

9%

Investments

6%

Total: $27,114,000

2,285 volunteers donated 87,516 hours of their time, providing a value of $1,801,421 in support.

From FY 2010 to FY 2018, the Ohio History Connection has seen the following results:

272%

Members Contributions Earned Revenue

36%

Number of Visitors Across Site System

16%

28%

*FY 2018 data is preliminary and not final.

For audited FY18 information, contact 800.686.1537.

OHIOHIS TORY.ORG

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Reviews BOOK

Harambee City: The Congress of Racial Equality in Cleveland and the Rise of Black Power Populism by Nishani Frazier In Harambee City, Nishani Frazier recounts the stories of Northern civil rights activists and explores the various ideas that defined the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) during the 20th century. Founded during the 1940s, CORE was known for its adherence to nonviolent direct action and interracial brotherhood. Historians typically conclude the story of CORE in the late 1960s, when the organization embraced black power.

However, Frazier continues her narrative well into the 1980s. She clearly demonstrates that CORE’s embrace of black-power populism was not the organization’s conclusion, but rather an inevitable change based on ideas and intellectual conflicts buried deep in CORE’s history.

Ohio history enthusiasts will happily note that the Cleveland chapter of CORE is a particular focus of Harambe City. Many of its members worked at national CORE, where their experiences affected the priorities of

the larger organization. In addition, Frazier uses Cleveland’s story to show the interplay between national CORE and its local, grassroots chapters.

During the 1960s, CORE’s Target City Project, the embodiment of black power populism, came to Cleveland and took on the name “Harambee.” This attempt at communal capitalism often floundered from a lack of funding and government support, as well as from organizational infighting. However, Frazier painstakingly details every moment of Harambee, focusing on the perseverance and value of the ideas, even when plans failed.

Frazier reframes Harambee’s theories of black economic power, giving activists the agency they deserve and leaving hope that positive changes can be made.

As she reveals in the preface, Frazier is the daughter of Cleveland CORE activists. She struggles with the idea of historical objectivity but ultimately concludes that her family

relationships do not affect her ability to write objectively. Frazier clearly has the passion and knowledge to dive deeply into a more specific story of Cleveland CORE. Now that she has laid the groundwork, a more Clevelandspecific project would certainly be a welcome addition, objective or not.

Frazier created an interactive website where readers can view the resources she used and produced during her research and add their own thoughts to the story, harambeecity.lib.miamioh.edu.

Karen Robertson, Manuscript Curator, Ohio History Connection

BOOK

Land Too Good for Indians:

Northern Indian Removal by John P. Bowes

Land Too Good for Indians is a sweeping and yet thorough examination of American Indian removal in the Old Northwest Territory. Bowes challenges readers to move beyond common concepts about Indian removal, such as the well-popularized story of the Cherokee (Nation) Trail of Tears, and to dive deeper into specific removal stories of the Delaware, Seneca-Cayuga, Miami, Shawnee, Wyandotte, Potawatomi, Ojibwa, Anishinabek and others. The author brings clarity to the fact that removal was not a one-size-fitsall program. In reality, the tribes were faced with navigating different governments (including other tribal governments), geographies, wars, alliances, enemies, economies and strategies for survival.

At the book’s outset, Bowes argues that the “removal of American Indians from their lands 58 Echoes | NOVEMBER & DECEMBER 2018

east of the Mississippi River was an act of all-encompassing violence that did not take place in an abstract world of political debates and historical narratives … It was not antiseptic.

It was not clean. In all cases it involved some manner of coercion.”

Bowes also frames the early military and political relationships that were the kindling for future removal tactics. In the chapter “Violence and Removal From Little Turtle to Black Hawk,” he writes, “The British and Americans viewed Indians as both valuable allies and dangerous enemies in the War of 1812.”

The heart of this book includes four chapters featuring specific removal stories: the Delaware, Seneca-Cayuga and Wyandotte tribal communities in the Sandusky River area; Potawatomi groups from Illinois and Indiana; and the Odawa and Ojibwas in Michigan.

It is gut-wrenching to read about the tactics used to gain American Indian lands, the wholly inefficient processes used to physically

relocate large groups of American Indian people, and the pace at which American expansion continually eclipsed agreed-upon treaty terms and tribal land purchases.

Bowes has enhanced the body of historical literature on American Indian removal by including these detailed and tribalspecific accounts from the Old Northwest Territory and has proved that removal really began with first contact. Its impacts and repercussions are still felt today.

Though Land Too Good for Indians isn’t easily digested, it is vitally important that we see with clear eyes the dark stains of our nation’s history. In a letter to James Monroe in early 1824, 15 leaders at Seneca Town implored the president: “Our hearts are often made sick. White men passing through our Land often say this land is too good for Indians—We fear that we will soon be driven from this country unless you help us.”

Stacey Halfmoon, Director of American Indian Relations, Ohio History Connection

Monument at the site of Logan Elm near Circleville, where Chief Logan of the Cayuga Tribe is said to have delivered his 1774 speech on relations between American Indians and early Ohio settlers Learn more about visiting Logan Elm at ohiohistory.org/places. Read Chief Logan's speech at ohiohistorycentral.org. Search "Logan's Lament (Transcript)".

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60 Echoes | NOVEMBER & DECEMBER 2018