Oregon Leaf - May 2016

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editor’s note

MAY 2016 ISSUE #23

This issue focuses on an area of Cannabis that is personally very important: concentrates since my first dab, I have loved the extraction and processing of Cannabis, and

I believe that it makes for a very potent medicine and recreational high.

Over the last six years, the world of concentrates has expanded at breakneck speed, and at times has been literally explosive. Right now, many extractors sit in prison simply because they made a bad choice. Open blasting butane hash oil is a bad choice, both for health and safety. Don’t do it! This is exactly the reason I have always resisted the term “extract artist.”

Using high-pressure solvents to extract resin from plant matter isn’t art; it’s science, and it should be treated as such. The processors who make oil safely in closed-loop systems are working at the top of the trade, and that’s why the quality of extractions we see continue to get better and better.

One area where concentrates are becoming worrisome involves pesticides.

Everyone knows the adage “good in, good out” when it comes to processing, but a visual inspection of trim or bud does not let a USING HIGH-PRESSURE SOLVENTS processor know if there are dangerous pesticides in plant matter. Even bud that would pass a pesticide TO EXTRACT RESIN FROM PLANT the test with an acceptable amount of parts per million MATTER ISN’T ART; IT’S SCIENCE (ppm) could end up wildly dangerous and high in ppm when concentrated. It’s very simple. When you concentrate anything, all parts of the plant (including chemicals) are pulled and refined at higher levels, making contaminated oil unsafe, especially for patients.

The only way for this problem to truly end is for growers to stop spraying dangerous and illegal chemicals on their plants, and for processors to demand that the material they are given to create medicinal and recreational products with is free of contaminates. Everyone deserves the right to a clean dab, and that responsibility starts with growers and processors.

Let’s make sure that the world sees Cannabis concentrates in a positive, healthful light, and that people can consume their favorite medicine without fear of chemicals.

You can read more about this topic in our concentrate special this issue!

Thanks for reading, and dab safely and often.

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Please feel free to share your thoughts, pitches, articles, story ideas and news tips. This is all our plant and we want to hear from you. Thank you for reading and supporting Oregon Leaf!

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STEVE ELLIOTT is the editor behind tokesignals.com, an independent blog of Cannabis news and opinion

Pro Motorcycle Racer Gets Marijuana Company Sponsorship Making sports history!

Professional motorcycle racer Johnny Rock Page

Prominent Physicians Launch NEW Pro-Marijuana Legalization Group Historically reluctant to publicly advocate for marijuana, group of respected physicians band together to speak

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Photos courtesy of Creative Commons and @johnnyrockpage

Some of the most prominent physicians in generally benign, making its prohibition unnecessary.

-Cannabis is far less harmful for adults than the United States have teamed up to launch the nation’s first organization of doctors formed to alcohol and tobacco, which are both legal advocate for the legalization and regulation of because of the impracticality of prohibiting socalled soft drugs.

Cannabis for adult use.

-Cannabis can be harmful to minors, but “Given that decriminalization has proven to be an prohibition doesn’t prevent children inadequate alternative to legalization, and teens from accessing the drug. now is the time for physicians to begin “TODAY, -The burden of Cannabis advocating for effective government DOCTORS prohibition falls disproportionately regulation of Cannabis,” Doctors for REALIZE THAT Cannabis Regulation (DFCR) states YOU DON’T HAVE upon communities of color and the nation’s poor. on its website.

TO BE PRO“Today, doctors realize that you Until recently, many physicians MARIJUANA don’t have to be pro-marijuana have been reluctant to publicly TO OPPOSE ITS to oppose its prohibition,” the voice their opposition to the war on PROHIBITION.” organization announced. “Doctors marijuana, lest they appear to condone recreational Cannabis use and violate their ethical for Cannabis Regulation is an organization whose responsibility to “do no harm,” according to time has come, serving as the voice of physicians DFCR. But through daily immersion in anecdotal guiding our nation along a well-regulated path to patient experience and scientific evidence, many Cannabis legalization. If you are a physician who wants to ensure that our government controls and knowledgeable American physicians recognize: -Occasional use of Cannabis by healthy adults is regulates Cannabis responsibly, then join us.”

and marijuana industry media company Hemp American Media Group signed a sponsorship deal for the 2016 MotoAmerica Superbike season, marking the first time a professional racer has ever been sponsored by a marijuana company.

“This deal conveys the “IN THE NEAR public’s improving perception FUTURE, I SEE and acceptance of marijuana,” PRO SPORTS said Colby Ayres, co-founder TEAMS AND and marketing director at ATHLETES GETTING Hemp American Media Group.

SPONSORED “We are ecstatic that Johnny Rock Page and MotoAmerica REGULARLY BY MARIJUANA are progressive in their views COMPANIES.” towards marijuana,” he said.

“Although I no longer use marijuana, I truly believe that it can help cancer patients and those who need it for other medicinal purposes,” Page said.

MotoAmerica’s Superbike racing series is the IndyCar of motorcycle racing. Each motorcycle is custom-built, creating the fastest motorcycle racing in the world.

The MotoAmerica Superbike season begins in April in Austin, Texas, at the Circuit of The Americas race track, where Page will seek a win in the season opener. The season’s nine races throughout the continental U.S. will be televised on the beIN Sports TV Network. More extensive mainstream pot sponsorships are on the horizon.

“In the near future, I see professional sports teams and athletes getting sponsored regularly by marijuana-related companies as well as frequent product placements and endorsement deals in show business,” Ayres said.

Quoted DEA TO make decision on Rescheduling Marijuana By Mid-Year A plan is outlined in a 25-page letter

The Drug Enforcement Administration plans to

page letter obtained by The Huffington Post. decide whether marijuana should be reclassified The letter, signed by acting DEA administrator under federal law “in the first half of 2016,” Chuck Rosenberg, explains in great detail the according to a letter from the DEA to senators. marijuana supply available at the University The agency was responding to a 2015 letter of Mississippi, the federal government’s only from Sen. Elizabeth Warren (D-MA) and seven sanctioned marijuana garden. other Democratic senators urging the federal According to the letter, the federal Food government to stop blocking research into the and Drug Administration (FDA) has already medicinal benefits of Cannabis. completed a review of the medical evidence If marijuana is reclassified at all, it would surrounding Cannabis and has forwarded a have to be moved to a less dangerous category, rescheduling recommendation to the DEA. The because it is currently considered letter doesn’t reveal what the FDA Schedule I under federal law, the recommended.

“THE DEA category of drugs considered the This reporter’s prediction is that the UNDERSTANDS most dangerous of all. Schedule THE WIDESPREAD FDA — under the close supervision I drugs, by definition, have no of Big Pharma — will recommend INTEREST IN medical value and a high potential that Cannabis be moved to Schedule THE PROMPT for abuse. The insanity of including II on the Uniform Controlled RESOLUTION Cannabis — which, of course, Substances list, effectively handing TO THESE can be used to treat hundreds of its control over to the pharmaceutical PETITIONS.” conditions — should be obvious. giants. What we’re seeing here is a There are five categories (schedules) classifying money grab by the big corporations, who become illegal drugs. Marijuana has been considered acutely uncomfortable when they see mom-andSchedule I since Nixon’s War on Drugs kicked pop businesses like medical marijuana dispensaries off in 1971. That means the federal government cutting into their profits — because Cannabis officially considers marijuana to be just as works better than most of the harsh chemical dangerous as heroin, and more dangerous than garbage peddled by Big Pharma. either cocaine or methamphetamine, both of The letter makes one possibly important which are considered Schedule II drugs. concession: If demand for research into “The DEA understands the widespread marijuana’s medical potential were to increase interest in the prompt resolution to these beyond the University of Mississippi’s supply, petitions and hopes to release its determination the DEA said it may consider registering in the first half of 2016,” the DEA said in a 25- additional growers.

“HUMANKIND CANNOT AFFORD A 21ST CENTURY DRUG POLICY AS INEFFECTIVE AND COUNTERPRODUCTIVE AS THE LAST CENTURY’S” Excerpt of a letter signed by prominent world figures (including Bernie Sanders, Woody Harrelson, Tom Brady, Warren Buffett) sent to U.N. Secretary General Ban Ki-moon, urging him to set the stage “for real reform of global drug control policy.”

Quick Hits!

1.58 18 75 Million dollars raised by CannaKorp in a seed round of funding to develop its pod-based medical Cannabis vaporizer system, described as the “Cannabis K-Cup.” Million dollars spent by the DEA on the controversial cannabis eradication program in 2015 to uproot 4.1 million marijuana plants.

Dollars a month will buy you a subscription to California marijuana delivery service The Nugbox, dubbed the Netflix of Cannabis. Each box includes two pre-rolls and exclusive edibles and flower.

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national

STEVE ELLIOTT is the editor behind tokesignals.com, an independent blog of Cannabis news and opinion

Australian Premier Visits Israel, Learns About Cannabis Scene Israel-Cannabis.com co-founder and CEO Saul Kaye met the week of April 4 with Australian Premier Mike Baird and the Australian trade mission currently in Israel.

Kaye highlighted Israel Cannabis’ (iCAN) involvement in medical Cannabis clinical trials and plant-based research via iCAN’s partnership with Breath of Life Pharma. The two companies recently partnered to form the first private Cannabis R&D center in Israel.

“As a company in Israel with two Australian founders, I was especially honored to have the opportunity to present our initiatives in front of Premier Mike Baird and the Australian mission,” Kaye said. “The mission

visit comes fresh off our CannaTech global innovation summit as we are looking to collaborate on research and development initiatives to advance medical Cannabis and further Australia’s entrance into a responsible medical Cannabis program.”

Baird, the Premier of Australia’s New South Wales district, which encompasses Sydney and has a population of about 7.7 million inhabitants, is one of Australia’s leading proponents of legalizing medical Cannabis in his country and could be on the cusp of leading historic legal reform as clinical trials have begun.

The Australian mission has come to Israel to explore opportunities for collaboration for New South Wales in innovation, science and technology and to learn from Israel’s experience in entrepreneurship and start-ups. iCAN has already started collaboration efforts, forming relationships with BuddingTech (an Australian company) and MGC Pharmaceuticals (an Australian company with Israeli founders) who both contributed to Australia’s first medical Cannabis white paper: “Medicinal Cannabis in Australia: Science, Regulation & Industry.”

OHIO CAMPAIGN TEAM FORMED TO SUPPORT MEDICAL MARIJUANA INITIATIVE IN OHIO

All Cannabis isn’t created equal, and just as wine enthusiasts enjoy a user-friendly tasting system and diamond buyers employ the “four Cs,” Good Chemistry Nurseries — one of the industry’s most experienced Cannabis producers — has now created a stylish, easy-to-use, free consumer Cannabis evaluation guide for assessing quality Cannabis flower.

Whether novice or aficionado, knowing how to assess Cannabis flower quality is key to having the best possible experience. Good Chemistry Nurseries on April 14 announced it has developed a five-step process for identifying highquality, remarkable flower, similar to the multi-step process for evaluating wine.

The S.T.A.T.S. method (Sight, Touch, Aroma, Taste and Sensation) is a guide

Ohioans for Medical Marijuana on April 11 announced it has formed a campaign team to support its initiative to establish a comprehensive medical marijuana program in Ohio.

Brandon Lynaugh, a veteran of more than a dozen statewide ballot issue campaigns, will serve as campaign manager. Lynaugh most recently served as campaign manager for No On 3, which led the effort to defeat the Responsible Ohio initiative last year.

“We’re excited to have Brandon at the helm of our Ohio campaign,” said Rob Kampia, executive director of the Marijuana Policy Project (MPP), which is supporting Ohioans for Medical Marijuana. “His extensive experience with ballot issues and his history of

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to helping consumers evaluate essential aspects of the flower in order to make the most informed purchase decisions.

“Just as American consumers have become more knowledgeable about quality wine and craft beer, Good Chemistry Nurseries’ S.T.A.T.S. guide will help consumers quickly and easily assess high-quality Cannabis,” said Matthew Huron, CEO of Good Chemistry.

“As Cannabis becomes as mainstream as a glass of wine, we’ve had a lot of folks ask us to give them a simple, easy way to assess quality Cannabis in real time,” remarked Duncan Cameron, chief production officer at Good Chemistry.

“The S.T.A.T.S. guide assists newer consumers in navigating the wide world of Cannabis.”

standing up for Ohioans make him the right person to lead our team. He is committed to establishing a sensible, fair, and compassionate medical marijuana program that will benefit countless seriously ill Ohio residents.”

Lynaugh’s support for establishing legal access to medical marijuana stems from his experience with a close family member who suffers from epilepsy.

“I know that helpless feeling that families have when they watch someone they love have an epileptic seizure,” Lynaugh said. “Passage of this amendment will help bring relief to the suffering of thousands of patients and their families. It’s a personal issue for me and I would not turn down the opportunity to be a part of it.”

Photo courtesy of Wikimedia Commons

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highly likely

By PACER STACKTRAIN for OREGON LEAF

Column # 10

I SING WITH A DIFFERENT INTENTION NOW, MY VIEWS ON MARIJUANA HAVE TOTALLY CHANGED.”

MERLE HAGGARD

creative commons

April 6, 1937 – April 6, 2016

Last month, music fans around the globe said farewell to one of the most genuine artists to walk the Earth

merle was a straight shooter,

a man who the kind of country sound that thumbs its nose at the would give his opinion without thought of conse- clean-living social fakery dominating Nashville’s counquence. And, at times, those consequences were try music scene these days.

And that’s why Haggard’s biggest hit is such a great. He was incarceratd in, and escaped from, a juvenile detention center at age 14 to ride the rails, head-scratcher. “Okie From Muskogee” begins with only to be caught again and sent back to detention. these lyrics: “We don’t smoke marijuana in Muskogee; By the time he was an adult, he was jailed again We don’t take no trips on LSD.” The song became a runaway hit for Haggard in the for robbery and sent to the infamous San Quentin Prison, where he was present for Johnny Cash’s leg- mainly conservative country music scene because it was seen ironically as an embodiment of a endary 1958 performance there. our burgeoning, amazing call for the return to conservative values When he was released from San In age of Cannabis legalization in in the counterculture-heavy late ‘60s.

Quentin in 1960, Haggard set out America, it’s easy to forget just Over the years, Haggard gave varying on his own to make it in the world of how taboo it was to admit to a consumer of this plant accounts of the song’s message and country music, inspired by the Cash being even a few short years ago. meaning … in the conservative country performance. Merle, along with others This column highlights a scene, he was seen as a right-wing hero. like Willie Nelson, Johnny Cash and different amazing Cannabis from history that helped But, of course, time would demonstrate Waylon Jennings, became the pro- pioneer pave the way for Cannabis’ that Haggard was in no way right-wing. genitors of outlaw country — exactly greater acceptance.

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Later in the ‘70s, he declared, “I have more culture now. I was dumb as a rock when I wrote ‘Okie From Muskogee.’ That’s being honest with you at the moment, and a lot of things that I said [then] I sing with a different intention now. My views on marijuana have totally changed.”

Perhaps this change of heart is what prompted the 2015 Cannabis anthem Haggard co-wrote and performed with Willie Nelson. His famous tune “It’s all going to Pot” is a green anthem taking jabs at Big Pharma, Big Alcohol and conservative views surrounding the legalization debate in the United States.

In the video, Haggard and Nelson hit a joint together.

“I think it’s silly to put someone in jail for [marijuana possession],” he told a California newspaper back in 2010. “I think it’s a threat to the pharmaceutical industry that you can go to the garden to grow something that might keep you from having to use Lipitor.”

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PRISONER UPDATE

NEWS FROM THE FRONT LINES LOVE CONQUERS ALL, IN TIME OF PEACE AND IN TIME OF WAR; LOVE CONQUERS ALL THROUGH STEEL BARS AND CONCRETE WALLS, LOVE CONQUERS ALL. Such is the case for pot lifer Jimmy Romans and his fiancé Pamela Raber. Though the law has deemed Romans a criminal, it's love and understanding that make him human. Even while sitting in a small cell locked away from humankind, Romans is more of a man and human being than those who are willing to put another human being behind bars for a plant. He is imprisoned based on the word of an ex-wife and two others, not material evidence.

The Drug War is a losing war turning partners on each other. Right now, Romans and his fiancé are seeking clemency — his hope and only goal.

While love has found Romans, hate and racism chases Ferrell Damon Scott, a Black man guilty of being Black with marijuana in the wrong state.

Scott is a father, a grandfather and a victim of the misguided Drug War. Learn more about Scott and how to help him at Facebook.com/freeferrellscott.

OREGON

Portland On April 1, members from Voices of the Cannabis War, The Human Solution and the documentary “Lifers,” gathered at Pioneer Courthouse Square in Portland with signs and letters for people to sign for the president, asking him to grant clemency to some of our plant prisoners who are still

the 17 th Annual Global Cannabis March

12-6 p.m. | Sat. May 7

Pioneer Courthouse Square 701 SW 6th Ave, Portland, OR 97204 Nearly 300 cities worldwide participate in the yearly march. Portland participants will gather in Pioneer Courthouse Square for a rally at noon. The Cannabis freedom march will begin at 4 p.m. and stretch throughout downtown Portland, accompanied by a police escort.

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serving life. The event was amazing, and all of the public agreed that no one should be in prison for our plant! If you would like to take it to the streets, please email voicesofthecannabiswar@ gmail.com and we will help you plan an event.

For about a year, hundreds of clemency letters have been gathered around the nation for Billy Dekle. Now, Dekle is on probation after being incarcerated for over 24 years.

Cannabis Common Sense Episode 832 of Paul Stanford’s television show, “Cannabis Common Sense” was all about the prisoners! Kristin Flor and Mindi Griffiths of Voices of the Cannabis War appeared on the show to talk about the prisoners. Jeff Eichen of the documentary “Lifers” also appeared and showed a video of recently released lifer Jeff Mizanskey. If you would like to know more about our prisoners and how you can help end prohibition, watch the show!

Blue River Crockett Bain Anderson, an elder member of the Oklevueha Native American Church, was pulled over in Summit County, Utah, earlier this year on his way to deliver Cannabis to other church members in need. Anderson, who believes Cannabis is the Mother Sacrament, identified himself as an ONAC member and explained his sacred mission to law enforcement, only to be arrested and charged with marijuana offenses.

The results from the April court hearings are unknown as we send this edition. The Cannabis DUI case against Joy Graves (ONAC spiritual leader) is currently at a standstill as Graves meets with the council to determine the best way to proceed. News about ONAC and its members’

plight for personal and global freedom of the plant changes daily. For full details and the most up-todate information: Tinyurl.com/onackmoregon

WASHINGTON

Lance Gloor Since Gloor’s federal trial, as he was awaiting sentencing, he was taken into custody on March 22 because of a cell phone violation. He is currently held at SeaTac Federal Bureau of Prisons. The judge rescheduled his sentencing to June 3. Gloor needs your support. He needs you to write a letter to Judge Leighton, asking him to be lenient on his sentencing. You can email your letter or questions to psm103_17@yahoo.com. Please also consider sending letters of support to Gloor directly.

Lance Gloor #44270-086 FDC SEATAC Federal Detention Center PO Box 13900, Seattle, WA, 98198

Kettle Falls Family The family is still awaiting the outcome of their latest appeal. The United States Court of Appeals for the 9th Circuit will continue their case briefs until June. Their case is separated from other cases at the 9th Circuit because of Section 538, which prohibits the federal government from using federal funds to prosecute those in states where marijuana is legal.

If the appeal does not work in their favor, the family will be forced to serve their prison sentences. For more updates on the case, visit their Facebook page or Kettlefallsfive.com.

KRISTEN FLOR / Mindi Griffiths / Miggy 420 Becca Nichols / Danielle Vitale-O’Brien

NO VICTIM = NO CRIME = NOT GUILTY

for Oregon Leaf , Northwest Leaf & Alaska Leaf

OKLAHOMA

In December 2012 while retiring in Mountain View, Hawaii, Albert Thomas came across a copy of “Plant Spirit Medicine” by Eliot Cowan. After reading this book, Thomas had a spiritual awakening in regards to his own connection to Cannabis.

“While in Hawaii over a two-year period, I learned to grow and process this plant, making a medicine which healed my body from chronic pain ailments and advanced arthritis,” Thomas wrote. “My passion was further heightened as I began to feel a spiritual connection to this plant for healing others as well.”

After Thomas’ spiritual awakening in 2012, he started the Big Island Cannabis Club, which became the Florida Cannabis Club after moving to Florida and is now SpiritDevine Cannabis Club based out of Oklahoma, where Thomas lives.

SpiritDevine Cannabis Club is “dedicated to sharing information related to healing using the Cannabis plant.” Sadly, Thomas faces felony cultivation of a controlled substance, felony intent

Albert thomas to distribute and a misdemeanor possession of drug paraphernalia despite never selling any Cannabis because his son and a few other people attempted to rob him of his medicine and growing equipment.

On Dec. 18, 2015, Thomas’ son and the other unnamed offenders kicked in the door where Thomas’ equipment was, stole most of it and then took over Thomas’ home and locked him out. Thomas called the police, knowing of no other way to resolve what had just occurred.

“I called the sheriff who made contact with my son and then arrested me on what my son told him,” he said. “They were led to the previously mentioned locked room where they found a plant drying and other plant materials. My son set me up to be robbed and framed and now I must defend myself.”

Thomas’ trial is at 9 a.m. on May 26 at Seminole County Courthouse. Any support is appreciated. Oklahoma is not a medical a state and Thomas could receive a life sentence.

IN THEIR OWN WORDS

Reporting by

Chris Williams | Washington Federal inmate The aroma of maple syrup floats through the air. It’s exactly as you remember, sweet and sugary with a background of burnt caramel.

As this wonderful smell drifts through my nose, I notice that it’s different.

The sweet familiar scent is mixed with banana, and the mix of maple and fruit are a novelty to my senses.

Even though I am in federal prison, this smell engulfs me and brings back memories of celebrations at home, not the least of which is 420.

I was surprised to learn it’s celebrated in here as well. Just like other 420 celebrations, friends get together and prepare food; we enjoy tasty creations and one another’s fellowship.

This starts to feel more like home than a prison. This may not be how you may have imagined federal prison.

The interconnection and solidarity of the numerous plant prisoners results in a large 420 celebration.

Even if we are unable to enjoy herb, we still enjoy creatively preparing food and one another’s friendship.

This year for the 420 celebration, my friends will make maple banana cakes, my personal favorite, along with chocolate-dipped Oreo rounds. I am whipping up pork tacos with a peanut chili garlic sauce.

Just like celebrations in the world, celebrations in prison are essential to setting aside stress and troubles.

No matter where you are during this 420 celebration, set aside your worries and enjoy time with friends. Because that’s what I am doing.

Christopher Williams #11839-046 FDC SEATAC Federal Detention Center PO BOX 13900, Seattle, WA 98198

Freechriswilliams.com

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access

Slabtown cannabis proprietors

Reviewed

By WILL FERGUSON @710DENCIES | PHOTOS by DANIEL BERMAN @BERMANPHOTOS

Strains 4/5

Edibles 3.5/5

THE FLOWERS here at Slabtown are

THE PRODUCTS featured at Slabtown are well-known

abundant in quality and in quantity.

Strains such as Blue Magoo, Dogwalker, Super Lemon Haze, and Goji x Jack grace the shelves. Slabtown only carries top shelf, so all grams are $10. All flower is displayed in a glass display case with sample jars of each strain.

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and nicely packaged: Echo Electuary, Drift and Gaia all have items on the shelves. Medicated ginger chews, honey sticks, chocolate bars and tinctures make up the diverse array of ingestible medicine.

It would have been nice to see a wider selection of options available on the edible shelf to complement the notable selection of extracts and flower.

Concentrates 5/5 THE SELECTION here is out of control. Numerous flavors from White Label Extracts, Top Shelf Concentrates, Trillium Extracts, Canna Refinery and Mistah Nasa were available to patients. Concentrates are capped at $35/g, keeping them rather affordable for different patient demographics. It would have been nice to see more solventless hash available.

SUPER LEMON HAZE

BLUE MAGOO

25.01% THC | 0.38% CBD

SLH is a classic sativa strain known

25.68% THC | 0.96% CBD THE SCORE

for its racy effects, tall flowers and often aroma: lengthy finishing time. This cut has a strong lemon cleaner aroma to it. The d en s it y: small buds are lanky but covered in cu r e: trichomes. I enjoyed this flower out of a l o o ks : clean water pipe. The smoke was rather f l avo r : harsh and expansive. Immediately after ef f ect: taking a hit, I started THE SMALL BUDS coughing. It seems the T O TAL : 24.5/30 ARE LANKY BUT buds were a bit undercured, making the smoke rough. The ash burned a clean white, suggesting COVERED IN that the nutrients were properly flushed. After a few TRICHOMES. bowls, I felt an intense head high and began to feel a little anxious. I recommend this strain to consumers looking for an uplifting and productive high, but be aware: Super Lemon Haze’s effects can be on the intense side of things ($10/g).

Environment 5/5 SLABTOWN is a large and modern dispensary located in the

northwest neighborhood of Portland, right above the Pearl District. The spacious shop will host regular yoga workouts and other fun group activities. The newly renovated interior features a large, hand-built Slabtown sign and local paintings hung gallery style. Wraparound display cases are neatly organized and separated by multiple checkout lines.

Plenty of parking for commuters; public transit is close by.

Blue Magoo is an indica-dominant cross of Dj Short

THE SCORE

Blueberry and Major League Bud. This phenotype a r oma : from Slabtown definitely weighs more on the d en si t y: blueberry lineage. The buds are a slight purple and carry a heavy Blueberry fuel aroma. c u r e: A SWEET The nugs are sticky, yet dense, and lo o ks: snap off the stem easily. I decided to BERRY-LIKE f lavo r : smoke this strain out of a few Raw AROMA THAT ef f ec t: REMINDS ME OF cones and there is a real sweet, T O TA L: 26/30 smooth smoke. I noticed subtle BLACKBERRY Blueberry flavors with almost sweet fuel creamy overtones; a MARMALADE. very complex-tasting strain to me. The effect is so couchlocking and sedative that it took me by surprise. I became extremely lethargic for a few hours after smoking. This is a strain best left for relieving nighttime pain and easing insomnia, given its strong body effects ($10/g).

Overall 17.5/20 THIS SWEET SHOP is all about purveying top-notch products, evident especially by their commitment to creating a comfortable atmosphere in which high-grade Cannabis can be accessed by everyone. Located on NW Nicolai Street, Slabtown is definitely worth the stop when hanging in the Pearl.

SLABTOWN CANNABIS PROPRIETORS

2507 NW Nicolai St. Portland, OR 503-477-6759 SlabtownCP.com

The spacious new shop will host regular yoga workouts and other fun group activities. may 2016 FACEBOOK.COM/NWLEAF

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Portland’s

LARGEST SELECTION OF CANNABIS ORIGINAL LOCATION - 16955 SE DIVISION ST. PORTLAND, OR NEW LOCATION OPEN MAY 2016 - 17020 SE DIVISION ST. PORTLAND, OR CANNA-DADDYS.COM Warning: Do not operate a vehicle or machinery under the influence of marijuana. Keep marijuana out of reach of children. MMD #10505

opinion

By OREGON LEAF STAFF

TRY 5MG?

REEFER MADNESS HITS OREGON EDIBLE DOSING AN ACCEPTED PART of being in the Cannabis industry

is dealing with the typical reefer madness arguments from those still disillusioned about the devil’s lettuce. But we shouldn’t accept it from those governing our Cannabis industry.

New proposed rules from the Oregon Health Authority (OHA) starting Oct. 1 will limit recreational dosages to 5mg per serving and a total per-package limit of 50mg, which are half of what Washington and Colorado have done, which already face pressure to increase dosages.

For medical products, the new limit will be 10mg per serving and a package total of 100mg, limiting OMMP patients in a program that has worked for years without asinine regulations like THC limits. Lowering dosages for patients is a direct threat to wellbeing and health, and is borderline inhumane. Patient needs range from 50 to 1,000 milligrams of THC daily, and they deserve the freedom to decide how and in what form they want to consume their dose.

Why should we let regulators who don’t understand Cannabis as medicine or have compassion for patients decide how patients are able to use their medicine.

Medible producers in Oregon have made varying dosage edibles ranging from 10mg to 1,000mg for years, providing patients a variety of options and access to dosage levels that meet their medicinal needs. Regulating medibles simply because they have no current dose restrictions is not a logical reason to create new ones.

But this goes beyond just patients. Lowering dosages for recreational users to 5mg is simply bad business for a state system aiming to raise tax revenue.

It disincentives anyone but the most novice of users from buying edibles, hurts businesses trying to transition in the new market and will create a public health impact by forcing users that desire/need a higher dose to eat unhealthy amounts of processed edibles.

Although a 50-100mg per cookie is a reasonable amount (it can always be broken in pieces), at 5mg, one would have to eat 10-20 cookies to reach the same dose. Contrary to popular belief, not all stoners have uncontrollable munchies, and limiting sugar and fats is a health concern for the majority of Americans.

But what about the poor new users? Let’s look at alcohol. Do we limit alcohol percentages for 21-year-olds? No. Do we limit or regulate in any

Photo courtesy of Creative Commons / Steve Lyon

LOWERING DOSAGES FOR PATIENTS IS A DIRECT THREAT TO WELLBEING AND IS BORDERLINE INHUMANE.

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way the percentage of alcohol in drinks in any way other than clear labeling? No. But what about the 88,000 deaths and $2.5 billion public health costs each year? Ignored, because Big Alcohol has great lobbyists.

What about the children that the uneducated and ignorant regulators are so concerned about?

There were 14 more calls to the Oregon Poison Control line in 2015 for children consuming Cannabis than the year before, for a grand total of 25.

While there were no serious side effects or deaths from Cannabis for these 25 children, the 1,800 calls the center received about household cleaners prompted no legal changes. The same goes for children who accessed legal and socially acceptable liquor and medicine cabinets, both of which can and do cause accidental death.

The irony is that these edible laws will only create a stronger sharing and black market, and drive demand out of taxed and regulated dispensaries as users seek products that meet their medical or recreational needs. Try 5 is a threat to tax revenue: the true reason legalization has passed in any state.

Our industry needs to stop accepting bad laws and stop turning a blind eye to harmful regulations in the name of progress. It is not progress when freedoms are restricted and businesses and consumers alike are hurt by laws.

There is still time to offer input to the OHA, and patients and business stakeholders need to make their voices heard. Even if the recreational changes stick, let’s fight to give patients freedom and access to custom doses that meet their medicinal needs! Contact the OHA and OMMP, make your voice heard and attend the hearings to be held by the OHA (locations and times to be determined).

I want to leave with a quote from Charles de Montesquieu’s “The Spirit of Laws:” “Useless laws weaken the necessary laws.”

Let’s focus on what truly needs regulation and leave the remainder alone.

WHILE THERE WERE NO SERIOUS SIDE EFFECTS OR DEATHS FROM CANNABIS FOR THESE 25 CHILDREN, THE 1,800 CALLS THE CENTER RECEIVED ABOUT HOUSEHOLD CLEANERS PROMPTED NO LEGAL CHANGES.

$F M F C SBUF 4 Q S J O H B O E ZP V S $J O DP % F . BZP J O U I F C F T U XBZ XF L O PX I PX X J U I P V S M J O F P G Q SF N J V N FY U SB D U T + P M M Z C F F J T D B S S J F E B M M U I SP V H I P V U 0 SF H P O T P M P P L GP S U I F + P M M Z C F F O B N F BU M P D B M DP M M F D U J WF T O F B S ZP V :P V D B O รถ O E + P M M Z C F F B DDF T T Q P J OU T B O E Q SP E V D U J O GP S N BU J P O BU X X X K P M M Z C F F DP N

8 PROFILE

Questions for the LAWYER lance wells

Founding attorney at Alaska Cannabis Law Group

By WES ABNEY | PHOTO by DANIEL BERMAN

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#1 How long have you been practicing law and was Cannabis always a part of your focus?

I’ve been in practice since ‘92, the Law Office of Christian Wells. When I first came up here in the ‘90s, I joked that pot paid my mortgage and fed my family, everyone had 20-30 plants and pounds. Throughout my practice, I’ve been representing people that I felt most of the time were wrongly accused or prosecuted for Cannabis. I was involved in [Cannabis] through high school, and we’d always joke that marijuana would be legal someday, and all of a sudden it started happening around the country and it was something I wanted to get into and help advance the cause and help good people in business. The people in the industry have been the best people, really good people. It’s a far cry from spending each night dealing with people in jail.

#2 What drew you towards working with the legal Cannabis industry?

The day after election in 2014, I put together the Alaska Cannabis Law Group, specifically dedicating that law firm to everything in the Cannabis industry. Whether it’s permitting, regulating, zoning issues, contracts, business sales, anything that spins out of the industry, helping people set up their corporations, vertical integration corporations, help with taxes through referrals, we can handle it. It’s such a young industry here, but so far it seems to have gone well and I’m pretty happy with how things are shaking up.

#3 How does your firm help clients preparing for the recreational market?

As lawyers here in the industry, our motto is, “we’re here with you not against you.” I want it to be as simple as possible for clients. I want to help people succeed in this industry and streamline their business and maximize their profits. It’s a fledgling industry much like after prohibition and liquor came back, and it has challenges, but we work to make it easier.

#4 What challenges do you see for the industry?

This business keeps you wound up 24/7. If you don’t have the hutzpa to stay in it and stick with it, you won’t make it.

This is a roller coaster, whether it’s the legislature changing, city bans, counties changing rules, zoning, regulatory shifts ... everything is changing in this industry and it is always in flux. This is not a normal straight business. This is not an auto store. It’s the absolute regulatory factors that change

I WISH THAT PEOPLE WOULD STAND BY THE BALLOT VOTE AND RESPECT THE VOTE OF THE PEOPLE.

Alaska Cannabis Law Group

733 W 4th Ave. Ste. 308 Anchorage, AK 99501

#7 how do Cannabis users RATE AS CLIENTS? Having had a criminal practice for 25 years, if all my clients did was smoke weed, it would reduce my case load by 75 percent, especially violent crimes fueled by meth, heroin and alcohol. It’s amazing how many young kids are strung out on heroin. It’s a sad state of affairs and I truly believe Cannabis can help these people get off drugs they are taking. You compare police interaction at Potluck [a Cannabis consumption club] versus a local bar where there are guns and fights and stabbings, everyone in the Cannabis club is polite and well reserved, especially compared to alcohol. Most of my cases are drug related and the violence and sexual assaults are almost all fueled by alcohol. I’ve seen people smoking Cannabis be really responsible. I have not seen any abuse of Cannabis here. We deserve the right to choose to consume safely. this landscape. You can’t go to the bank and say we need an account for Cannabis, and with 280e, city tax, state tax, it’s not a straight business. I hope it will be soon.

industry activists need to get it together.

People in Mat-Su are going to have to organize and take action. If you don’t mobilize, you are going to get run over.

#5 tHOUGHTS ON the proposed moratoriums?

#6 what can industry applicants or consumers do to stop these attacks?

I wish that people would stand by the ballot vote that took place and respect the vote of the people.

You look at the opposition … it’s the same old rhetoric: “the children are going to get marijuana, rot their brains and die,” and that “kids will eat all the edibles and gummy bears and end up in the hospital.” It’s hard to debate people who have those mindsets. It’s how they are hardwired. But all the

You have to do more than vote. You have to educate and get the word out. Teens aren’t going to walk into a store and buy marijuana, but it filters down. Just like cigarettes or beer, somehow kids always get it. It’s unfortunate. You have to educate children, not scare the hell out of them.

#8 WHAT excites you about the future here?

It’s an exciting industry to be in and I’m glad to have been blessed to be a part of it and to continue to expand and help people across the state. I hope that everybody continues to do the right thing and let the industry emerge. It doesn’t need more restrictions. The tighter you put your grip on this thing, the more will slip through your fingers.

If you leave the industry alone and don’t overburden, it will flourish. Just like a marijuana seedling, it will flourish and take off, but if you keep restricting, it will make things harder and hurt the industry. Let’s keep people working and get people going. It’s not the first time this country has grown hemp or Cannabis.

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Wide selection of nutrients and soil Friendly, knowledgeable, experienced staff 100% locally owned

6850 N. Interstate Ave Portland, OR 97217 || 503-285-4768

GROWN by PIG FARM BOTANICALS

| @OMMPPIGFARMER

19.32% THC | 0.49% CBD

G13 X '88 Hash Plant F3 36/may 2016 FACEBOOK.COM/NWLEAF

REVIEW by WILL FERGUSON @710dencies

PHOTO by DANIEL BERMAN @Bermanphotos

OREGON LEAF

STRAIN OF THE MONTH G13 X ’88 HASH PLANT F3 is a

fantastic rendition of the Mr. Nice strain done by NDNguy. This cut, grown by Pig Farm Botanicals, is a deep purple hue that looks and smells similar to Purple Urkle. The nug structure is dense and the leaves, stems and calyxes are covered in amber and purple trichomes.

G13 X ’88 Hash Plant is great for consumers looking to alleviate chronic pain, nausea, IBD, anxiety and depression.

The cure is perfect, as the buds properly snap off the stem while still retaining the desired amount of moisture. The nose is lavender with a subtle hint of marshmallow on the back end. Like my friend Martin said, smoking a few joints of this strain had me relaxed and mellowed out, but not couchlocked.

The joints burned slowly and cleanly, shedding pure white ash all the way through the joint. My high lasted for about two hours and was the perfect transition into my relaxing evening after work.

F3’s are the result of selective breeding in which two F2’s are crossed in order to isolate a certain trait/characteristic.

Available From Natural Wonders

1402 SE Cesar E Chavez Blvd, Portland 97219 (503) 928-1228 www.NaturalWondersPDX.com

Tested by MRX Labs Meets microbial standard

THE CONCENTRATES ISSUE

Dabbing 101

By WES ABNEY | PHOTOS by DANIEL BERMAN

CONCEN

Solventless Sour Diesel full melt sativa ice water hash

Leaph @LeaphLife

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DABBING 101 CO2 OIL CARTRIDGES SOLVENTLESS BHO FECO TERPENES

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CO2

Cartridges AC/DC Co 2

By Clarity Farms

tangie

@FlavRx

NTRATES

BHO gorilla glue live resin #4

Dirty Arm Farms @DirtyArmFarm

Clear CLEAR by x-tracted Labs

Refine Seattle @X_tracted

Full extract cannabis oil

Deep Green

FECO

By WES ABNEY | PHOTOS by DANIEL BERMAN

Concentrates are extractions of Cannabis produced with or without a solvent such as butane, ethanol or CO2. Common examples in Eastern medicine include essential oils.

Anyone consuming concentrates for the first time should do so with extreme caution. THC percentages range from 20 to 90 percent, and can easily overwhelm first-timers or even more experienced users. Start with a grain of rice.

Dabbing the act of vaporizing a Cannabis

Dabbing 101 ONE OF THE BEST PARTS OF THE CANNABIS INDUSTRY IS THAT NEW PRODUCTS AND INNOVATIONS ARE CONSTANTLY EMERGING. The downside of this breakneck pace can be a lack of information, especially for average users.

The perfect example of this knowledge delay has to be Cannabis concentrates. While most veteran patients are familiar with the likes of Rick Simpson and high-grade bubble hash, the dabbing movement has caught many by surprise. It’s a fad no more. This primer breaks down the many types of concentrates, attributes to look for (and avoid) and common lingo and prices you should expect.

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concentrate and inhaling the vapor for medicinal or recreational effects. The vapor acts as a quick and easy delivery system for Cannabinoids, and is not meant to be held in for longer than three to five seconds. Dabbing can involve a torch and a vaporization surface, commonly called a nail, attached to a water pipe. The nail is heated until hot before a small amount of concentrate is touched to the surface. Nails can be quartz or titanium, and heated externally or by a plug-in heating element, called an e-nail.

The user inhales through a water pipe and the vapor is exhaled without excessive smoke or coughing, assuming a proper dosage.

Patients can also use dab pens or vapor cartridges, which allow for vaporizing in a portable manner and don’t rely on having a torch.

Temperature is critical. Concentrates that are dabbed too hot will burn off the terpenes, leaving a bland taste behind. Concentrates that are dabbed too cool might leave pooled residue and not fully vaporize.

The best way to reach a happy medium is to use a carb cap, which sits on top of a nail once a dab is applied and holds both heat and vapor in. A carb cap is designed to vaporize an extract at the lowest possible temperature.

I find that letting the nail cool down sufficiently and then using the carb cap will produce a flavorful, fully vaporized dab.

Solventless extracts such as full melt bubble hash/ice wax should be dabbed at slightly higher temperatures.

To determine whether your temp is right, check the color of the residue. If it’s blackish, the dab was taken too hot. If the residue is a light brown, it means the dab was vaporized at the optimal temperature. Experiment again!

Follow the three-second rule: Don’t hold a hit in longer than three to five seconds because you’re not absorbing more cannabinoids, you’re just depriving your lungs of oxyen.

CO2 Oil

Dirty Girl Shatter Alta Nova

@EvolvdOrganics

Thick, sparkly wax sits at 91.9% THC with dark earthy and pepper flavors that hide a sweet citrus fresh vapor.

BECAUSE OF THE ROUGHLY $75,0000 INVESTMENT REQUIRED TO PROCESS CO2 FINISHED OIL RETAILS FOR $30-$60 PER GRAM.

Mau WOWI

CO2 Organics

Select your dab size with the applicator tip and out comes dark gold CO2 with a light sappy consistency, plus a bright tropical flavor and great ratio of 39.45% THC and 14.95% CBD.

POISON CHERRY SAP

blue dream honeycomb

Boom Extrax by Wild West Growers

Alta Nova

Sharp and tingly citrus forward smell with a fresh, sweet vapor and lasting Sativa effects.

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Citrus sap

Exceptionally light gold shatter with a mild fruit smell that expands in vapor and lingers with the taste of fresh fruit thanks to organic orange extraction.

NOVA GREEn MARVEL live resin

DABBING 101 CO2 OIL CARTRIDGES SOLVENTLESS BHO FECO TERPENES CLEAR

Super stable CO2 shatter with a mild smell but huge taste when dabbed and fast Sativa effects.

Boom Extrax by Wild West Growers

Sticky golden sap with sour cherry notes and an underlying taste that comes out in the vapor.

headband

Green Lion Farms

Light amber-brown thick oil with a mild floral smell and aggressive sativa effects.

CO 2 extraction is one of the

cleanest and safest methods of extracting any type of plant matter. Carbon dioxide is pumped at often supercritical temperatures under high pressure to pull cannabinoids from the plant material, leaving a pure concentrate.

CO2 is not toxic to humans and kills any microbial growth in the process of extraction. Plus, CO2 can be used to create natural essential oils in addition to Cannabis concentrates.

Mainstream products processed with CO2 include herbal essential oils, hops for beer and decaffeinated coffee. Because of the considerable investment required to process CO2 (roughly $75,000) the average gram retails for around $30-$60 per gram.

The cell walls of the Cannabis plant can sometimes contain large wax concentrations. Unfortunately for consumers, plant waxes are one of the leading causes of excessive coughing when dabbing. By washing the concentrate sample with alcohol, the wax will remain in the container and the cannabinoids will be absorbed into the alcohol and distilled off as the alcohol evaporates in a separate container.

Concentrates with higher amounts of plant waxes and lipids will require a higher temperature to dab and, as pointed out earlier, will cause more irritation on the throat and lungs.

Special note: Any concentrate that has an ethanol wash should be tested for residual alcohol.

Residual alcohol at high ppm can be harmful if vaporized.

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THE CONCENTRATES ISSUE

Cartridges THERE ARE A COUPLE BASIC RULES TO ENJOY THE BEST EXPERIENCE WITH A CARTRIDGE. First, ask the budtender if it is cut with any solvent, or look on the packaging.

We recommend avoiding anything cut with Propylene Glycol, especially for patients, because there are safer and healthier options available.

Also, avoid anything with an artificial sounding flavor like Blue Raspberry or Waffles.

Look at the vape package to see if the flavor is naturally derived, and if so, go for it.

While there are no rules governing flavors in E-cigarettes or Cannabis cartridges currently, we feel that strain specific and naturally processed options are the best!

Vaporization can be one of the most desirable and pleasurable ways to consume Cannabis, especially when discretion counts.

You should not vape indoors or where ever it is specifically mentioned, such as on an airplane or bus. Feel free to use outdoors when your vapor will not bother others or be near children.

Consumers will find a variety of battery options, from disposable types that have a non-rechargable battery and last about 200 hits, to ones with USB-charging capabilities and changable cartridges.

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hybrid pure co 2

@Thincpure

Thick and uncut golden CO2 with an easy draw and a potent vapor packed with earthy OG notes, 73.34% THC,1.03% CBD and 0.62% CBG.

AC/DC CO 2

@ClarityFarmsWA

Enclosed in a toxin-free glass and metal cartridge is a potent CBD oil with exceptional smooth vapor and a warm cherry flavor.

Jogourdi II

@ClarityFarmsWA

Light vapor with a thick, syrupy vapor oozing with terps and a heady mental high.

cherry pie

@OptimumExtracts

Extremely smooth and mild vapor with a silky berry and dried wood taste that tickles the nose and palate, while 0.88% CBD helps pain.

Dirty Girl live resin

Alta Nova

Vivid mango flavor with sharp sweet-skunk finish and a euphoric and a nice, approachable high

gorilla glue #4

@OleumExtracts

Almost invisible concentrate with a light vapor and a mild but rich sweet pine flavor

DABBING 101 CO2 OIL CARTRIDGES SOLVENTLESS BHO FECO TERPENES CLEAR

42 43 44 45 46 48 50 51

By WES ABNEY | PHOTOS by DANIEL BERMAN

Solventless Solventless hash is rated generally on a 1-6 star rating system. Hash is also often priced based off the star rating, ranging from $10 a gram for 1-star up to $100 a gram for 6-star. Here is a basic breakdown of how those stars are rated and why.

1-STAR

Varied color, very harsh earthy taste. When heated, will not fully combust.

This type of hash is best used for cooking, but can be smoked with patience.

Dabbable? No | Melt level: 1 (0% melt) | $10-$15/g

2-STAR

Dark green with an earthy flavor. When heated, forms a slight sheen and combusts.

This lower-grade hash is great for cooking or smoking, though will have a harsh and earthy flavor when smoked. Dabbable? No | Melt level: 2 (15-25% melt) | $15-$20/g

3-STAR

Dark brown, earthy with hints of original strain flavor. When heated, it forms small bubbles on the surface, then combusts. This type of bubble hash is perfect for loading on a bowl of flower or rolling into a joint. Dabbable? No | Melt level: 3 (50%) | $25/g

4-STAR

Light brown, less pronounced flavor profile but showing stronger hints of original strain flavor. When heated, bubbles into a puddle. This is the lowest star level suitable for dabbing, as it will have a very earthy/planty flavor and may leave residue on the nail.

Dabbable? Yes | Melt level: 4 | (60-70% melt) | $30-$40/g

5-STAR

Fully melts into oil when heated but leaves a slight residue and flavor of plant matter when smoked. Dabbable? Yes | Melt level: 5 |(80-90% full melt) | $50+/g

6-STAR

Light/blond colored resinous gold, super fine texture. Forms into almost transparent slab when pressed. This should taste and smell like the purest nectar of the strain, which it essentially is. Dabs easily on a nail, leaving zero plant matter taste and an extremely smooth smoke. Dabbable? Yes | Melt Level: 6 | (100% full melt) $60+/g

Animal cookies nug run 120-73iu @ResinRanchers_PDX

SOLVENTLESS or bubble hash refers to hash or kief that has been processed and collected using only water and ice or a dry sift method to gather Cannabis trichomes and cannabinoids into a smokable form. It is one of the most laborintensive ways to process Cannabis and takes a lot of patience and knowledge to create the highestgrade oils. When done right, the concentrate produced from either water or sift extracting can be considered the best oil in the world — pure, solventless, and with a true representation of a strains effects and flavors. Today, a huge variety of extraction methods and tools exist for making hash.

Still, we find the best way involves ice, water and a little bit of elbow grease.

Superfine, nearly invisible trichome heads with a fermented fruit and sour smell that is complex & delicious dabbed at low temp.

5 star hash

A Greener Today

Blond, full-flavor profile that invokes the strain it is processed from in smell and taste.

6 star hash

A Greener Today

Smells and looks like light brown sugar with overwhelming cerebral high and a perfect melt.

dry sift

SuperSeedCo

Light and fluffy sift in the 3- to 4-star range with a Sour Grape smell and a delicious melt when smoked over a bowl

#1 sour diesel ice

Leaph

Enclosed in a toxin-free glass and metal cartridge is a potent CBD oil with exceptional smooth vapor and a warm cherry flavor.

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THE CONCENTRATES ISSUE

BHO

By WES ABNEY | PHOTOS by DANIEL BERMAN

BUTANE HASH OIL BHO, refers to Cannabis concentrate processed with the solvent butane. Properly processed in a safe environment with medicalgrade butane, BHO can be one of the highest-quality concentrates, especially for taste and effects.

BHO is made by putting Cannabis buds or trim in a system that forces butane over the material at high pressure, stripping Cannabinoids, terpenes, waxes and flavonoids for delicious and beautiful extracted oil.

BHO is known for capturing the true essence of a strain when done right, especially as live resin, which involves fresh frozen Cannabis from harvest until processing When flowers are processed into concentrates with solvents, they need to be purged and pasteurized for safe consumption. Nearly a dozen different dangerous chemicals can end up in concentrates, and they must be tested for to ensure a product is safe. In the purging process, pressure and heat are combined to help purify the concentrates by removing processing chemicals.

All BHO should be tested by a lab for residual solvency, which is the amount of butane or other potentially harmful hydrocarbons left in the mixture. Any product for consumption should be at less than 500 parts per million, with the best range being zero to 50 ppm, especially for those at risk of cancer and other serious diseases. BHO commonly sells for $30-$50 per gram for quality product

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BHO IS MADE BY PUTTING CANNABIS BUDS OR TRIM IN A SYSTEM THAT FORCES BUTANE OVER THE MATERIAL AT HIGH PRESSURE Gorilla glue #4 live resin

@DirtyArmFarm

65.4% THC loud and bold pine and chem meet mineral dirt flavors, delivering a heady mind and plenty of body high.

acdc CBD Oil

@RogueRavenFarms

Like bright cherry preserves with a light banana undertone meet a beautiful amber CBD-rich BHO that just won the 2016 DOPE Cup.

Sunset sherbert

Processed by @Regis_Philburn Flower by The Heights Company Uber-golden stable shatter with a rich, spicy flavor and a heady cerebral high.

DABBING 101 CO2 OIL CARTRIDGES SOLVENTLESS BHO FECO TERPENES CLEAR

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cOLD CREEK kush SHATTER

@Cultivated.Industries

This 64.6% THC fresh and fruity stable shatter with sour chem notes and a light earthy flavor.

Gelato #41

@OleumExtracts

Wet wax crumble with bold sour skunk flavor makes for a complex sour vapor that lightens us up.

og NUG RUN @White_Label_Extracts

Paper-thin shatter with warm and fresh notes of OG, plus unmistakably earthy lemon vapor leads to a heavy high.

Hold My Beer!

SOUR DIESEL NUG RUN @White_Label_Extracts

Tangy Sour Chem makes for a light sap with a flavor that reveals 71.9% THC and a considerable amount of terpenes and Cannabinoids.

live resin Tangie x charlotte’s web @Regis_Philburn x @EchoElectuary

Sweet melon and cherry cough syrup with intense medicinal effects courtesy of its balanced 44% THC and noteworthy 25% CBD.

707 Headband zombee

@EchoElectuary

Thick golden sappy nectar with sweet lemon kush notes and mellow refreshing vapor.

An important note for anyone considering making their own BHO at home: Don’t do it!

Butane is a flammable gas and it is even more dangerous when put under pressure. Leave processing of BHO to extractors who have invested the tens of thousands of dollars to do so safely, and make

yourself some rosin or bubble hash with that material.

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THE CONCENTRATES ISSUE

By WES ABNEY | PHOTOS by DANIEL BERMAN

Full Extract Cannabis Oil THIS PURE CANNABIS EXTRACT HAS BEEN USED FOR DECADES TO FIGHT CANCER AND OTHER DISEASES. WE SAT DOWN WITH GRANDMA CAT JETER OF DEEP GREEN TO TALK ABOUT THE BENEFITS AND CHALLENGES OF THIS AMAZING CONCENTRATE.

FECO pulls a wide range of beneficial Cannabinoids, terpenes and flavonoids that are successful in treating a huge variety of conditions. It should only be made with pure alcohol (food-grade ethanol or grain alcohol) and should be properly purged of residual alcohol before ingestion. FECO should never be vaporized or dabbed because inhaling alcohol is bad for the central nervous system and the brain. Instead, you eat it, often in a capsule form. The average price is $25$50 per gram, though dispensaries sometimes sell it for less as a sign of dedication to patient health.

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DABBING 101 CO2 OIL CARTRIDGES SOLVENTLESS BHO FECO TERPENES CLEAR

How do you work with patients on dosing, especially new patients?

REALLY, THE QUESTION IS, “WHAT’S YOUR DOSE?” AND OUR GOAL IS TO HELP PEOPLE FIND THE DOSE, AND THAT’S WHAT THE CAPSULES ARE ALL ABOUT.

I have moved through the years in the way that I recommend dosing, coming from the classical stance starting with depending on a patient’s prior exposure and tolerance, either a small dot or a rice-sized dosage, to a place where now we recommend capsules in very specific dosage depending on patients. For instance, we work a lot with patients who have zero experience with Cannabis, and specific profiles of cannabinoids allow us to expose them to Cannabis oil and get them up to a gram a day quickly by leaning on CBDs and then moving towards a ratio of 1-1 with THC.

cannabinoid-specific strains. Like the Twentyto-one CBD:THC strains that allow us to just get CBD. Today, if you are accessing the genetic resources available to you and in any type of control of your supply chain, you should be able to have CBD and 1-1 and THC and have a safe option to provide for patients.

CBD is the true answer to green sickness.

How do most people end up trying FECO, and what was a common dose before?

How does your dosing schedule work?

Our most common scenario is a general cancer-beating scenario, when people come to us often with a severe diagnosis. We tweak the ultimate result based on the persona and their needs. A lot of people stick to the 60 grams in 60 days dosage model, and let me tell you, there is nothing magic about 60 grams in 60 days. It’s a number that has worked in a general sense. It isn’t easy for patients.

Every kind of way from old school saturation-delivering grams of oil to very specific dosing plans where we guide patients in a plan that makes sense to them. The end dose we aim for is 500mg daily of both CBD and THC as a typical, general dose for fighting cancer or other serious illness (attacking types of disease like MS or seizures).

But for every one of those patients, there are those that use 25-100mg daily for chronic diseases. Really, the question is, “what’s your dose?” And our goal is to help people find the dose, and that’s what the capsules are all about. We offer patients choices in CBD-dominant, THC-dominant or 1-1 ratios of THC and CBD, and patients’ choice of 10, 25, 50 and 100mg options for all. A full line of 12 different capsules [because] Grandma Cat wants to know what’s your dose.

A large dose of FECO can be really uncomfortable, especially for new patients. How do you deal with the green sickness?

If you want a little empathy, take a gram of oil and see how you feel. I’ve done it to have empathy for patients, because there are some for whom a 60-60 is the best advice for them because they’ve been told their lifespan is measured in very small numbers. And green sick is a real thing. It is [like] the worst seasickness feeling you’ve ever had to the worst anxiety you’ve ever had to feeling like a heart attack. These are extreme cases where someone is recommended to take a gram tomorrow.

What causes the uncomfortable feeling and how do you mitigate it with strain choice?

Our oils run 500-700mg range per gram of overall cannabinoids. That’s a lot in a little oil, and without specific dosing, how do we effectively help people get the right dose and avoid green sickness? That’s what pushed us towards specific dosing, plus the availability of strain-specific and

42 43 44 45 46 48 50 51

What is your advice for new patients wanting to start on a 60-60 FECO plan?

Know your processor, know your solvent, know that it’s pure. We recently turned down an entire harvest of harlequin because the farmer was honest about having to treat with pesticides along the way. Also, be unafraid of this. Make your own. It’s easy even in small amounts! The ultimate empowerment is making your own herbal medicine, but if you don’t want to because it’s messy, we’ll still be here to do it for you.

Pure & Healing Cannabis Oil Mountain Sun Botanicals out of southern Oregon also produces great FECO.

FECO 28-DAY PLAN We start patients (who’ve never had experience with Cannabis or a bad experience) with very small doses, 10mg of CBD-dominant oil three times a day, and 10mg of 1-1 THC to CBD ratio at night. And we build the tolerance to THC at nighttime while building the overall volume of oil and cannabinoids throughout the day. We’re building both volume and dosage as we go, and when we get to 100mg of THC at night, we begin using THC in small doses during the day, because now the patient has tolerance to THC from the dose at night. And then the patients don’t feel negative effects with a 10mg 1-1 during the day. THC is imperceptible at that point because you will have a saturated blood concentration.

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THE CONCENTRATES ISSUE

Terpenes WE HAD THE PRODUCT TESTED AND FOUND 28 COMPOUNDS, 27 OF WHICH WERE EITHER MONO OR SESQUITERPENES, ALL WITH MEDICINAL EFFECTS OR FLAVOR VALUES. Can you describe how it feels to ingest these?

The effects are just like you smoked the original strain. It’s very similar to the effects of smoking or dabbing an extract from that strain. The more you put there, the more amplified that effect is.

Are these available for medical or recreational?

We do have them for sale to private patients, but it’s on a limited basis. We currently charge $85 for a standard two-tenths of a gram.

Refining Terpenes enhances and alters the Cannabis experience, explains Rev. Cannabis Jeff Church of THINC Pure Concentrates

What made you interested in Cannabis terpenes?

I’ve always really been interested in preserving terpenes in my extracts. Everything I do, all the processes we go through, are to preserve the terps as much as possible to keep the true essence of the plant whole. Pretty much every process has kind of lost something. CO2 loses something when removing ethanol … bubble hash as well, water is a solvent in the process. When people started doing this extraction, I really looked at it and said, “this is something I want to do.”

What exactly are you making or refining?

This is a pure fractionalized. It’s a modified process of separating Cannabinoid-free extraction of natural Cannabis terpenes. This is Cannabis-derived terpenes: no water, no solvent, just the terpenes. We had the product tested and found 28 compounds, 27 of which were either mono or sesquiterpenes, all with medicinal effects or flavor values.

What is the process to make this and why would someone want to have terpenes for use?

It is a separation of the terpenes from the plant material, leaving everything else behind, taking the best of the plant’s true profile.

What’s really unique about this is if you add it to distilled cannabinoids [a product like Clear featured in this issue], when you add these terpenes to that, it becomes something really special where

T O P 5 M O S T- C O M M O N C A N N A B I S T E R P EN E S

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By WES ABNEY | PHOTOS by DANIEL BERMAN

you are getting the effects of the plant that you derived the terpenes from.

With the Dutch Treat, you get a high like the Dutch Treat, same with GSC or any other strain you have experienced by adding it to distillate or BHO or bubble hash or even on a bowl of flower. But to vape it at low temp is the very best thing to do for effect and efficacy.

We’re adding them to our current lines of CO2 oil that we have.

That cannabinoid distillate and cartridge is infused with these terpenes.

Is there a standard dosage?

It’s measured in drops from a standard dropper.

These are always two-tenths of a gram or 10 drops. You could add that to two minimum or up to 10 grams of distillate and still enjoy flavor and effect. [You add it to your dab.]

It’s about how much you want it to hit you in the face.

For a vaporizer cartridge, this gives you ability to have product free of solvents: no ethanol, no fake flavors. I believe that these are the closest to the plant that you can get.

This is not attainable in a normal CO2 or BHO cartridge. You can have a tasty cartridge, but nothing is as true to the plant as using the raw terpenes.

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Terpenes are a big contributor to the entourage effect of Cannabis, working synergistically with cannabinoids

DABBING 101 CO2 OIL CARTRIDGES SOLVENTLESS BHO FECO TERPENES CLEAR

42 43 44 45 46 48 50 51

CLEAR by x-tracted Labs

Refine Seattle @X_tracted

Clear

This ultra beautiful concentrate is free of adulterants but watch out: the term is a protected trademark.

Cannabis distillate is a solvent-free pro-

used as the term “Clear,” which is owned and trademarked by Clear Concentrate out of Calicess that extracts up to 98 percent THC in a fornia, and licensed to X-Tracted in Washington. refined and pure manner. While every comWhile it may seem ubiquitous, it is a wholly pany has a different method, the most basic owned trademarked name, and should not be form of creating distillate starts with an already used to reference general Cannabis distillate, processed Cannabis product like bubble hash, which is the proper term of art. For David Sparer, FECO, BHO or CO2.

COO of Clear Concentrate, the issue is about The cannabinoids (mainly THC) are generally respecting hard work and product pulled from the starting product identity in a changing market. with steam and then fractionIF WE WANT OUR INDUSTRY TO “It’s our process and trademark ally distilled to refine the final BE LOOKED ON AS A REAL VIABLE [Clear Concentrate]. The industry oil into a pure form. The end has a lack of maturation, and result is a product that is often COMMERCIAL ENTERPRISE, while some companies are in 80-96 percent THC and free of WE NEED TO FOLLOW CERTAIN it 100 percent to make a comadulterants or plant matter.

CONVENTIONS LIKE PROTECTION mercial business and others are Distillate can be thought of operating under the same MO as as a Cannabis essential oil that OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY. they have for 20 years as an illicit is pure of residual solvents, inbusiness. I think the shift in the including those from the starting dustry from semi-clandestine businesses to a real material, and can be used for dabbing, cookindustry is something that needs to be addressed ing edibles, as a vapor cartridge and more. by the community.”

Distillate is sold typically in a “raw” form, Because of the confusion in the rapidly exwhich is mostly flavor-free, or can be inpanding industry, Sparer wants to make sure peofused with Cannabis terpenes or natural fruit ple are aware of Clear Concentrate’s trademark, terpenes. As always, we don’t recommend and to advise other companies developing their consuming anything with unnatural or artificial own proprietary product lines. flavoring, so if the flavor sounds fake, don’t try “If we want our industry to be looked on as a it. The best option for a tasty distillate dab is to real viable commercial enterprise, we need to add natural terpenes derived from Cannabis to follow certain conventions like protection of inthe oil, making for an extremely tasty dab! tellectual property. If we don’t protect it, then the What exactly is Clear Concentrate, and can incentive for companies to develop new methods you call any distillate Clear? and products goes out the door,” Sparer said.

The long and short of trademarks is simple. ReSince the first distillate products came on the spect what other Cannabis companies are doing market, they have been referred to by many in the industry and protect your own process. This names. None have been as catchy or widely ensures that the industry can continue to flourish.

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By LAURIE WOLF for OREGON LEAF | PHOTOS by BRUCE WOLF for OREGON LEAF

with

BEEF SALAD CILANTRO & ARUGULA 1. In a large bowl, combine the cilantro, parsley,

arugula, scallion, carrot and the cherry tomatoes.

2. In a medium bowl, whisk the oils with the mustard, vinegar, juice from 1 lime and the chili powder.

3. Season steak to taste with salt and pepper and prepare according to favorite method. Grilled is good.

4. Toss the vegetables with the dressing and add to plate.

Top the salad with the rested steak and serve immediately.

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Peppery arugula adds some additional spice to this über flavorful salad. This is a great opportunity for using up those leftovers — there are no hard and fast rules with salad.

INGREDIENTS

2 bunches cilantro, trimmed and rinsed 1 bunch flat parsley, trimmed and rinse 1 bunch arugula, rinsed 1 bunch scallions, shredded ½ cup carrots, shredded 8 yellow cherry tomatoes 8 red grape tomatoes 2 tablespoons olive oil 4 tablespoons canna-oil 2 teaspoons Dijon mustard 2 tablespoons balsamic vinegar 1 lime, halved 1 teaspoon chili powder Salt and pepper 16 oz. skirt steak, cooked & sliced

A great company dish, the quinoa works beautifully with tofu, shrimp or beef.

I like it better the next day, when all the flavors have gotten a chance to meld.

*

QUINOA SALAD 1. In a large bowl, combine the quinoa with

the chicken, corn, edamame, peas, chick peas, mint, scallion and red onion. Toss to combine.

2. In a medium bowl, whisk the oils with the

lemon juice, pepper, cumin and salt to taste.

3. Toss salad lightly and serve warm or chilled.

INGREDIENTS

GRILLED SHRIMP ROMAINE 1. Place romaine halves on the

grill, flat/cut side down. Grill until browned and softened, 4-5 min.

2. In a small bowl, combine the

oils, lemon juice, mustard and garlic. Whisk to combine. Add the radishes and grape tomatoes. Add salt and pepper to taste.

3. In a large skillet, heat the

tablespoon of oil. Add the shrimp and cook, turning occasionally, til’ pink and just firm. Remove from heat. Sprinkle with salt and pepper.

4. Place the romaine on 4 plates.

Top with the radish mixture.

5. Divide avocado slices and place

on the plates along with the shrimp.

INGREDIENTS 2 heads romaine, outer leaves removed, cut in half through core 2 tablespoons olive oil 4 teaspoons canna-oil 2 tablespoons lemon juice 1 teaspoon mustard 1 garlic clove, minced ½ cup grape tomatoes Salt and pepper to taste 1 tablespoon olive oil 24 medium/large shrimp 1 avocado, peeled and thinly sliced and cut in half 4 radishes, thinly sliced & halved ¼ cup blue cheese, crumbled Lemon juice 1 cup croutons

3 cups cooked quinoa 1 ½ cups cooked chicken, cubed 1 cup corn niblets 1 cup shelled edamame 1 cup peas 1 cup chick peas, rinsed & drained 1 bunch mint, chopped ¼ cup scallion, chopped ¼ cup red onion, chopped 2 tablespoons olive oil 4 teaspoons canna oil 2 tablespoons lemon juice 1 teaspoon black pepper 1 teaspoon cumin Salt to taste

Some recipes just beg to be infused. The addition of Cannabis, whether infused in butter or oil, plays an interesting role in the flavor profile of these salads that make a meal. If you have never tried grilled romaine, you are in for a treat! The quinoa salad is light and refreshing. No reason why you can’t substitute rice or any other grain. And any kind of steak will work in the salad. Just remember: in the lovely world of indulging in Cannabis, less is always more.

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THE STONER’S COLORING BOOK

COLORING FOR HIGH-MINDED ADULTS

T

"As a coloring books specifically for stoners, it’s about intuitive entertainment for high people that is easy, creative and not totally devoid of meaning.” -Jared Hoffman

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his coloring book for stoned grown-ups is one of those things that is such a perfect idea, one wonders why it hasn’t already been done. Kudos to visual artist Jared Hoffman for this blast of fun!

“The Stoner’s Coloring Book” will definitely tickle your senses … or at least amuse you while something else tickles your senses. When you get this perfect a chance to channel your inner kindergartner, you don’t wanna miss it.

Settle down with your favorite munchies and music, along with your best buds, and enjoy the meditative, centering, calming properties of coloring. And let’s be honest: A very stoned environment is exactly how coloring is probably best enjoyed and most appreciated by adults.

With more than 35 illustrations ranging from relaxing, chill abstracts, to a trippy collage of your favorite munchies, this adult coloring book gives Cannabis connoisseurs a creative outlet for their mellow, happy, munchie-fueled energies.

“As far as a coloring book specifically for stoners, it’s about intuitive entertainment for high people that is easy, creative and not totally devoid of meaning,” explained Hoffman, a graduate of Cornell University who lives in mellow Laguna Beach, Calif.

“Often when you get stoned, you find yourself doing nothing for hours on end,” Hoffman said. “And there’s nothing wrong with that! But this is a way of doing nothing that exercises your creativity and makes you feel productive, plus you get a beautiful piece of art out of it. And coloring all these psychedelic pictures is doubly absorbing if you’re baked.

Out of personal experience, I can say that it is hard to stop coloring once you’ve started.

“I would say my perfect coloring environment would be this: coloring while holding a blunt in my left hand, while sitting in a jacuzzi, with Seal singing ‘Kiss From a Rose’ barbershop quartet style just to the side,” Hoffman said.

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health & science

BY OREGON LEAF CONTRIBUTOR SIMONE FISCHER

Sleep is one of the most important facets of our health. It’s the time when our bodies can heal themselves, and regain our strength spent throughout busy days. When we do not give ourselves an adequate amount of sleep, our health and immune systems begin to deteriorate.

The constant use of handheld electronics further inflames the problem because they don’t allow your brain to adequately turn off. As a person looking for a natural way to achieve sleep, I turned to herbs. I would drink chamomile and

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“sleepy time” tea to induce relaxation. At one point, I tried using melatonin.

It worked in the beginning, but I quickly grew a tolerance. After a while, melatonin became useless and expensive.

Luckily, Cannabis exists. When I first began using Cannabis as a sleep aid, I was told to gravitate towards indicas. But what does that mean?

Previously, I would look for aesthetic clues such as looks, smell or taste.

Indicas are historically known for their body highs, versus their cerebral sativa counterparts. Being couchlocked is a typical effect from indicas. They are extremely helpful for those experiencing pain or dealing with chronic pain.

Indicas have a reputation to help you sleep. Although I could certainly feel the effects of a solid indica, I wanted to know more beyond anecdotal

Photo courtesy of Nils Weymann

CBN:

The Natural Sleep Aid

CHOOSE AN INDICA-DOMINANT STRAIN WITH LOTS OF CBN FOR A BETTER NIGHT'S REST. evidence. Cannabinol, or CBN, is a weak psychogenic cannabinoid known to help induce drowsiness. Finding strains high in CBN will be ideal for those looking to get a good night’s sleep.

When it comes to growing, CBN is usually higher in strains harvested late. The overripening of the Cannabis plant raises CBN amounts. The longer a cultivator waits to cut down her/his crop, the higher the CBN ratio will be. With that said, looking for an indica-dominant strain high in CBN would be the most ideal for sound sleep.

Indica or CBN edibles are an excellent way to ingest cannabinoids without having to smoke.

Unfortunately, Oregon recreational users are limited to flower, seed and clone sales for now. The purchase of edibles, concentrates and topicals is prohibited at this point in time. Companies are beginning to create indica- and strain-specific edibles for the medical marijuana market, until it is legal to sell to those over 21.

Instead of addictive sleep aids like Ambien, Cannabis capsules are a viable option for those looking for smokeless forms of medicating. It seems like more people prefer ingesting Cannabis because they are used to being prescribed pills by doctors. Overall, Cannabis capsules and other edibles are more discreet than loading a bowl or torching a dab.

Without a healthy amount of sleep, our body’s ability to fight off pathogens is at risk. If you suffer from an autoimmune disease, not getting enough sleep could land you in the hospital. Americans are some of the most overworked people in the world.

Scholar and activist Audre Lorde reminds us: “Caring for myself is not self-indulgence, it is self preservation, and that is an act of political warfare.”

Taking the time to let our minds and body heal is a crucial part of self-care. Adequate sleep and a balanced diet are vital keys to the quality of our health. Looking for strains high in CBN to use at night will help you achieve routine sleeping

hours. Turning off smart devices at least an hour before you go to bed will help you fall asleep faster.

The brightness of smart device screens causes our minds to feel awake when we are trying to fall asleep. Instead, try puffing on high-CBN Cannabis and read from a book (not a tablet!) before bed.

As a woman who suffers from an autoimmune disease, getting enough sleep is vital to make sure I can work full-time, write and still manage to enjoy my life. I have always favored indica-dominant strains, but I wanted to know how exactly they helped me sleep.

CBN is derived from Tetrahydrocannbinol (or THC) oxidation, meaning the more THC breaks down in its finished flower form, the higher the CBN count will be. Overripe or poorly cured Cannabis is usually a telltale sign of high CBN. When dispensary buyers purchase Cannabis, high CBN usually means it’s been sitting on the shelf for a while. CBN code: The older the bud, the higher the CBN. According to Steephill Labs, 5mg of CBN is equivalent to 10mg of diazepam, a common antianxiety medication. For people who use diazepam

for chronic pain or anxiety, CBN could be as effective, or better. Unfortunately, no CBN-specific Cannabis has been cultivated yet. But I’m sure it won’t be long until we can purchase cannabinoidspecific weed, edibles and concentrates.

Luckily for insomniacs like myself, CBN serves an important purpose beyond THC degradation.

The best avenue to find high-CBN Cannabis is asking your local budtenders what strains they carry test highest in CBN. A word of caution: CBN also stimulates appetite. If you smoke something higher in CBN and choose to stay up, expect the munchies to kick in. CBN is a great choice for those who need to increase their appetite, and you’ll sleep like a baby to boot.

One of the best ways to preserve your health is achieving adequate sleep. This goes double for those suffering from autoimmune diseases or compromised immune systems. Sleep is the best way to let your body heal itself, and sleep deprivation is one of the first steps to poor health.

Start taking your sleep seriously and feel the difference in your performance. Your body and mind will thank you!

CBN IS DERIVED FROM THC OXIDATION. OVERRIPE OR POORLY CURED CANNABIS IS USUALLY A TELLTALE SIGN OF HIGH CBN.

Simone Fischer is a Portland OMMP patient and Cannabis advocate. She is a contributing editor at Ladybud Magazine and a graduate of women’s and gender studies from Portland State University.

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health & science

FLUORIDE in the WATER SUPPLY MASS UNCONTROLLED MEDICATION DOSING

IN

2015, the U.S. government finally admitted they had

BY OREGON LEAF been overdosing Americans on fluoride and, for the SPECIAL CONTRIBUTOR first time since 1962, lowered its recommended level DR. SCOTT D. ROSE of fluoride in drinking water. Unlike all other water treatment processes, fluoridation does not treat the water itself, but the person consuming it. The Food & Drug Administration accepts that fluoride is a drug when used to prevent disease. Therefore, by definition, fluoridating water is a form of medication. Only a small margin separates supposedly showing that areas with less fluoride had less decay. beneficial fluoride levels from amounts that are known to cause adverse effects.

How is it that Americans have learned to love an environmental hazard?

There is a very low margin of safety involved in fluoridating water. Fluoride is This phenomenon can be attributed to a carefully planned marketing program used both internally and as an application under the supposition that it poisons launched even before Grand Rapids, Mich., became the first community to oftooth cavity bacteria and decreases enamel solubility. However, it is only marginficially fluoridate its drinking water in 1945. By 1951, fluoridation of municipal ally useful for that purpose, decreasing cavities less than 50 percent. At the same public drinking water became the public policy of the U.S. government through time, fluoride adversely affects health. the public health agency. The Clean Water Act of 1974 gives the Environmental Fluoride research had its beginnings in 1901, when a young dental school gradProtection Agency (EPA) the authority to regulate drinking water standards, uate named Frederick McKay left the East Coast to open a dental practice in including the addition of fluoride. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Colorado Springs, Colo. When he arrived, McKay was astounded to find scores does not have this authority, although they have approved fluoride supplements of Colorado Springs natives with grotesque brown stains on their and toothpastes as being safe and efficacious in reducing dental teeth. Renowned dental researcher Dr. G.V. Black agreed to come decay. The FDA has no authority when it comes to the mass to Colorado Springs and collaborate with him on the mysterious prescribing of fluoride to every American young to old. This ailment. When Black arrived in the city, he too was shocked by the uncontrolled dosing of a drug is a complete violation of inprevalence of Colorado brown stain in the mouths of native-born formed consent, which is part of standard medical care in the residents. They collaborated and found two things, first, that motU.S. There is no follow up with a prescriber, and there is no tled appearance teeth resulted from developmental imperfections screening for signs and symptoms of toxicity. in children’s teeth. Second, they found that teeth afflicted by ColIt took 60 years before about 75 percent of Americans reorado brown stain were surprisingly and inexplicably resistant to ceived fluoridated water, and just over 65 percent have artificialdecay. The researchers never discerned what caused the tooth motly fluoridated water with hydrofluorosilicic acid (HFSA). This tling, but McKay suspected as many of the locals did that there was form of fluoride added to drinking water and toothpaste is a an ingredient in the local water supply. In 1931 McKay was invescrude industrial waste product of the aluminum and fertilizer tigating an occurrence of tooth mottling that had broken out in an industries, and a substance toxic enough to be used as rat poiArizona town that happened to be home to the Aluminum Corp. son. HFSA is far from anything pharmaceutical-grade! HFSA of America (ALCOA). An ALCOA chemist found elevated levels is collected from phosphate industry wet scrubbers, which trap of fluoride in the water supply and furnished this information to McKay. After 30 the fluoride along with other contaminants such as arsenic, lead, mercury and years of investigation, McKay had his smoking gun: fluoride. In Arizona, it was a radionuclides, which are atoms that have excess nuclear energy, making them byproduct of the aluminum-making process and an environmental pollutant, but highly unstable. in Colorado, it occurred naturally.

In 1983, Rebecca Hammer, then deputy assistant administrator for water, wrote The early historic studies on fluoridation found that naturally occurring fluof the EPA’s stance on fluoridation: “[The EPA] regards [fluoridation] as an ideoride is also found in areas that are high in calcium and other minerals. Many al environmental solution to a long-standing problem. By recovering byproduct dentists at the time theorized that this higher mineral content might be the fluorosilicic acid from fertilizer manufacturing, water and air pollution are minreal reason for the reduction in tooth decay. There were some compelling studimized and water utilities have a low-cost source of fluoride available to them.” ies showing that fluoride made teeth harder and more able to withstand acids.

China does not allow water fluoridation because it’s too toxic and causes damage, However, upon further review of the research literature, the evidence supporting according to their own studies. Instead, the waste product from their phosphate ferfluoride really wasn’t as strong as initially touted, and fluoride did not appear to tilizer industry is shipped to the United States, where we add it to our water supply. reduce tooth decay to any significant degree. There is some scientific evidence In fact a majority of the fluoride used in U.S. drinking water comes from China.

only a small margin separates supposedly beneficial fluoride levels from amounts that are known to cause adverse effects

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Photos courtesy of Creative Commons: flickr.com/gfrphoto

how is it that americans have learned to love an environmental hazard?

Meanwhile, naturally occurring fluoride is found in some water supplies, especially in volcanic regions and areas with harder water. The EPA does not distinguish between these two types of fluoride, but they should. Naturally occurring fluoride in hard water areas often is calcium fluoride. Calcium and fluoride bond very well and are not absorbed efficiently by your body. HFSA, on the other hand, dissolves easier and is absorbed by your body at a greater rate.

According to Dr. Osmunson DDS, MPh, an avid supporter of fluoride opposition in the U.S., there are some studies suggesting benefits from fluoride, but “if you combine them all together, I am convinced that where there was a benefit, it’s no longer there, in part because we’re ingesting far too much fluoride.”

In essence, there may be some minor benefit up to a certain point and even that is highly debatable.

One part per million (ppm) has traditionally been the dosage recommendation for water fluoridation, however 1ppm has a checkered past. It was set in 1953 by Harold C. Hodge, PhD, then chairman of the US National Academy of Sciences committee on toxicology. Unfortunately, Hodge made a serious miscalculation in his estimate of the safe dosage level for fluoride. His figures understate the toxicity of fluoride considerably. In 1953, the National Academy of Sciences published their estimate of the quantity of fluoride, which produces the condition known as crippling skeletal fluorosis. But Hodge had made a simple but significant error. Unfortunately, Hodge was the expert; and no one, apparently, checked his figures. This error, which gave a false safety margin more than double what it should have been, went unnoticed for many years.

Just last year in 2015, the dosage recommendation was reduced from a range of 0.7mg/L to 1.2mg/L to an upper threshold of 0.7mg/L to prevent visible

signs of toxic overexposure such as dental fluorosis.

About 40 percent of American teens have dental fluorosis, a condition referring to changes in the appearance of tooth enamel — from chalky-looking lines and splotches to dark staining and pitting (Colorado brown stain) — caused by long-term ingestion of fluoride during the time teeth are forming. This is an outward sign of toxicity and overdose.

Also, when considering dental fluorosis, there are factors beyond the physical that you can’t ignore, such as the negative psychological effects of having moderately to severely mottled teeth.

Though there have been numerous studies over the years that identify fluoride as a neurotoxin, most mainstream medical professionals in the U.S. have ignored them and have continued to support water fluoridation. But the evidence continues to mount, and now the medical community will have to come to grips with the truth about fluoride. Recently, the EPA classified fluoride as a developmental neurotoxin. Fluoride crosses the placental barrier above safe levels affecting the fetus. Researchers evaluated 512 children ages 8-13 in two Chinese villages, one village with higher-than-average fluoride levels and the other with lower-than-average fluoride levels. After accounting for external variables like lead exposure, iodine deficiency and other conditions that might affect brain health, the team still found that the number of higher-intelligence children in the low-fluoride community was 350 percent higher than the number in the high-fluoride community. A 2015 Harvard study showed that effects seem to be dose-dependent. Everyone drinking fluoridated water on a regular basis is getting less intelligent across the board.

Fluoride has been shown to be an endocrine disruptor. Structurally similar to iodine, fluoride can wreak havoc on the thyroid gland, displacing iodine and turning down thyroid function, leading to hypothyroidism. Fluoride has also been prescribed as a drug to reduce thyroid function in patients with overactive thyroids (hyperthyroidism). The fluoride dose capable of reducing thyroid function was notably low, well within the range of what individuals living in fluoridated communities are now estimated to receive on a regular basis as the dosing of fluoride is highly unregulated. Foods, toothpastes, wa-

ter, medications, processed soups, juices, etc. … it is hard to keep an accurate tally of fluoride intake.

Fluoride promotes higher levels of hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) in the population, and all the subsequent problems related to this disorder. Such problems include depression, fatigue, weight gain, muscle and joint pains, increased cholesterol levels and heart disease. Thyroid hormone is now the most prescribed medication in the U.S. Fluoride is not a nutrient; in fact, it has no known biochemical role in the human body. New research shows there is a strong correlation between water fluoridation and the prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, or ADHD, in the United States. Autism and Alzheimer’s are also linked to fluoridated water. Even in the earliest days of fluoridation, there were clear indications of a fluoride-cancer link. In the early 1950s, Dr. Alfred Taylor, a biochemist at the University of Texas, conducted a series of experiments in which cancer-prone mice consuming water treated with sodium fluoride were found to have shorter lifespans than similar mice drinking distilled water. It was his contention at that time that fluoride could no longer be considered a harmless additive to drinking water.

According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), mass fluoridation of the public water supply has been one of the top 10 health achievements in the 20th century.

Perhaps ending this practice will be one of the best achievements of the 21st century. The most obvious reason to end fluoridation is that it is now known that fluoride’s main benefit comes from topical contact with the teeth, not from ingestion. Even the CDC’s Oral Health Division now acknowledges this. There is simply no need, therefore, to swallow fluoride, whether in the water, toothpaste, or any other form. The Fluoride Action Network (fluoridealert. org) has a game plan to end water fluoridation in both Canada and the United States.

Check them out for more information. The effectiveness of fluoride on cavity prevention is 50 percent at best and some report as low as a 25 percent reduction.

Ninety percent of adults in the U.S. still develop tooth decay. A reduction of several cavities over one’s lifespan? Let us remember that in science, it is not a sin to change your mind when the evidence demands it.

fluoride is not a nutrient. it has no known biochemical role in the body.

Fluoridation of Seattle’s water began in 1970 after a referendum vote in 1968 directed the city to fluoridate the drinking water. In January 2011, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency proposed a recommended level of fluoride in drinking water of 0.7ppm. Seattle Public Utilities has adjusted the fluoride level to 0.8ppm, “closer to the proposed recommendation, but within the existing state range of 0.8 to 1.3ppm.”

Dr. Scott D. Rose has written about the benefits of Cannabis on health for years in the pages

of Northwest Leaf and Oregon Leaf. He is an acupuncturist with a pain resolution clinic in Seattle.

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growtech

MOVE YOUR GARDEN As more boutique medical growers flee from the fascistic and corrupt ing quality, cutting corners and saving costs hoping to mask these clutches of a state that only allows recreational growers to produce choices with fancier packaging and better marketing. Well, it turns Cannabis, Washington’s quality of available cured flowers now folout that there are only so many people in this demographic who

BY OREGON LEAF lows only the care and practices of a recreational market. And at are willing to come home from yet another legal pot store, having SPECIAL CONTRIBUTOR DR. SCANDERSON absolutely no surprise to the patients and caregivers that fought spent well over $100 for a small supply, only to get that sinking against this new form of prohibition, medical patients cannot tolfeeling after opening the sealed package to find the flower is deerate the gardening practices used to cultivate recreational Cannabis void of any smell, was harvested fewer than 10 days ago, is covered any more than they can count on Marlboro to produce chemical-free in fungus gnats, has no flavor or any one of a number of experiences so tobacco products. It simply no longer is in the cards. Case in point, walk many have shared with me. into any one of the big name legal Cannabis shops in Washington and you And as luck would have it, history repeats itself with those committed to will be inundated with a cacophony of colors, names and fonts covering all the smoking high-quality herb, turning back to the black market or considering plastic and foil bags you get to purchase, hoping the look, fake test results and to give the growing game a shot themselves. And those of us committed to the neat colors are enough info to determine the right variety for you. helping others in this demographic either made like I did and high-tailed it The good and bad news is that municipal bodies have demonstrated their TF out of Washington, or snuck back into the shadows to produce Canclear and unwavering commitment to treat members of Washington’s comnabis as it more traditionally has been cultivated. munity who choose Cannabis as a healthcare alternative like a group of intelBoth ways involve moving an active Cannabis garden, which is the topic lectually stunted adolescents only interested in getting high. One of the many of this month’s Growtech. When it comes to moving your gardens, I see reflections of this intent include the steep decline in quality of Cannabis in the highest priorities as first and foremost preservations of the genetics Washington, paired simultaneously with the deregulation of marketing and followed closely by minimizing downtime. As luck would have it, Cannabis packaging restrictions. The ole American capitalist engine at it again: decreascultivation lends itself favorably to both.

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Images courtesy of Wikimedia Commons, Amazon Marketplace, and Southwest Patient Group

How to

< PLAN YOUR PLANTS’ FIRST MOVE WHILE YOU WAIT FOR THEM TO ROOT

PLANNING

Planning is absolutely critical to have a successful move. I found the best plan involved planning the first round at the new location to include at least one plant from each cultivar kept in the stable. By doing so, you can time your mothers to give their healthiest cuts. Allowing enough time for the new clones to root but planning the plant’s first move shortly thereafter also makes life easier. You will have absolute certainty that your genetics are protected by waiting for the clones to drop roots and have a sense that each clone is strong and healthy enough to carry on the lineage. At this point, you can terminate all your larger, more-difficult-to-travel-with mothers. A single clone dome, sealed and taped, can include a huge genetic library, and is an almost completely self-contained, self-regulating environment you can easily move healthy clones in — and it fits into a pillow case. By utilizing the Cannabis’ plant ability to rapidly and reliably reproduce a genetic copy of itself, as well as depending the vigor and resilience healthy rooted clones can maintain even without a light source preserving your lineage, isn’t very difficult.

< KEEP YOUR PLANTS IN A SMALL GROW TENT WHILE YOU CREATE A VEG SPACE

MINIMIZING DOWNTIME

Downtime is another great killer if you’re a full-time gardener. Once again, the needs of a Cannabis plant and the need to provide a satisfying environment are harmonious. Newly rooted clones need very little light and can easily be set up with a single T5 or T8 bulb. A small 4x4 grow tent can be purchased online for less than $100 and is an excellent place to

comes clear that the last step of the journey is set up new clones to get hardened off. In a 4x4, there to build a dry room for hanging your flowers is also ample space over which one can start newin during weeks eight to 10 of blooms. This ly transplanted clones. From the time the clones are final step allows you to complete the transiplaced in the tent, you will have about five to seven tion, perfectly providing the space and envidays to create a viable veg space to move your plants ronment for plants uniquely suited to their to before high-risk circumstance set in. That’s plenty stage of development while simultaneously of time to set up a veg room capable of maintaining high plant health for at least a month. You capitalizing on periods where less can save time and compensate for buildattention is needed to ensure the MOVING YOUR out time by using an existing room for veg next environment suited for the GARDEN COMES even if it’s just for the first round. The purplants’ next stage of life is handily WITH CHALLENGES completed. pose is to very quickly create a space for your plants to grow while you build out Somewhat of a logistical chalAND REQUIRES A the bloom room. Completing the flower lenge and sure to make you a more BIGGER VERSION OF complete grower, moving your garroom in six to four weeks will ensure your YOU THAN YOU MAY dens can be a difficult process. It new vegging plants reach adequate maturity prior to being transitioned into the always comes with challenges and BE USED TO. flower room. requires a bigger version of you Given the ample timeframe given for the flower than you may be used to. It also provides the room, it should be as complete as possible for the first opportunity, however, to use all the knowlround to ensure the best result. After plants are tranedge, advice and lessons gathered over your sitioned into flower, your time may become scarce, as growing career to culminate in higher quality it’s recommended to be splitting your time between equipment, better lighting and superior clicaring for the all-important first two to four weeks mate control in yet another attempt at creatof flower, and building out the final veg room. While ing the ultimate gardening experience. it may take a bit longer to complete the build-out on the veg room depending on the demands, the newly flowering plants will have an extra week or two — as they reach weeks four to six — that you can still use Drop me a line to complete the build-out without having any backthegreengardengroup@gmail.com up from taking clones too late, which I found a welcomed break after the first month of chaos.

Follow along Looking only to the flower cycle for advice, it beInstagram @DrScanderson_gT

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BEHIND THE STRAIN

Drop me a line

thegreengardengroup@gmail.com

Watch a video

YouTube.com/DrScandersonGt

CRYSTAL COOKIE HOW IT GROWS A furious rooter with surprising amounts of vigor and pace

in early stages of growth popped out right away to me as I had become accustom to what was often longer and more delicate early-stage development with several other Cookie lines. Crystal Cookie displayed reasonably uniform pace of growth and growth characteristics while still maintaining ample variety one comes to expect from filial first generation seed stock, with the primary variance being in height and intermodal stretch. Once transitioned to flower, she gets right to work stretching at least 100 percent in the first couple weeks. From there, more variation become evident with some phenos clearly prioritizing trichome coverage while others set up a more significant frame. Selecting the best from each of these two general categories left me with two very special 10- to 11-week cookie varieties, the best I’ve ever run from seed of any of the all-Cookie crosses.

BAG APPEAL & SMOKE REPORT Unequivocally the most impressive plant I’ve ever encountered

Flowers in 73-78 days

BY OREGON LEAF SPECIAL CONTRIBUTOR DR. SCANDERSON

in so far as a sheer volume, size and density of glandular heads and stocks. From about day 15 on, what I’ve come to fondly refer to as the “IG pheno” — due to the very favorable response Instagram consistently provides — does very little else in the way of size development. She just continues to grow more and more and still more trichomes that swell and swell and, well you get the point.

All this culminates in an over-the-top, strictly headstash-sized yield of flowers that 100 percent resemble caviar. Burning flowers this deeply coated in resin was a first for me. A mild Cookie taste was all that could be detected as my full melt flower dissipated into the caverns of my pipe. The flavor is absolutely lip-smacking, leaving a sour, earthy Kush N Cookies flavor I hoped that Cookies could achieve but never had in my experience, until In House Genetics got in on the game.

BREEDER: In House Genetics GENETICS: Animal Cookie clone rev’d x Platinum Girl Scout Cookie LINEAGE: Another Pacific Northwest breeder throwing down profuse amounts

of dank with the infamous cookie cultivars. Unlike many that I’ve run, the male stock passes on stable, enticing characteristics with exactly no intersexual traits in my experience. Reversing the clone-only Animal Cookie and combining her with Platinum Girl Scout Cookie was a match made in heaven.

The flavor is absolutely lip-smacking, leaving the sour, earthy Kush N Cookies flavor I hoped that Cookies could achieve

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EFFECTS Both pheno types are unusually potent.

As one may expect, the IG pheno delivered a concentrated level of symptom relief taking on the most seasoned of smokers and easily leaving them mouthsagape and drooling. The other pheno was one of the most enjoyable to consume and experience of all the Cookies I’ve tried. A super bright happiness that forces smiles and laughter, productivity and confidence and a levity so clean you may forgot that you have already medicated, kept this jar most difficult to preserve. With seemingly no ceiling and no fatigue and an unrelenting sweet Cookie and earthy cleaner flavor, Crystal Cookie has taken its place as the clear leader in my stable for pure Cookie crosses.

At Cultivated Industries we know that the smallest things can have the biggest impact, which is why we rely solely on beneficial insects to control pests in all of our gardens.

C ou ult r

a ll e ply

stries is proud ndu vergreen G to pur I E row ed erâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s chas at s from v i ug Su p b

1

ST place

SATIVA Oregon Medical Marijuana Cup 2014

@Cultivated.Industries

3

RD place

INDICA Oregon Medical Marijuana Cup 2014

1

ST place

PHO CATEGORY Oregon Concentrate Cup 2015

RUNNER UP Best PHO Dope Cup 2015

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