Book of Abstracts

Sustainable Pig Production The knowledge and technology exchange between UK and Thailand KMITL Central Library, Bangkok, Thailand 1-4 March 2016

Sustainable Pig Production Workshop The knowledge and technology exchange between UK and Thailand

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Sustainable Pig Production The knowledge and technology exchange between UK and Thailand KMITL Central Library, Bangkok, Thailand 1-4 March 2016

Contents Page

Aim and Scope………………………………………..…………………

Workshop Program……………………………………………………..

Poster Presentation……………………………………………….….…

List of Abstracts ……………………………………………………..

List of Participants………………………………………………………

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Sustainable Pig Production The knowledge and technology exchange between UK and Thailand KMITL Central Library, Bangkok, Thailand 1-4 March 2016

Aim and Scope

Overview of the Newton Fund Researcher Links Workshop The British Council and the Thailand Research Fund have launched a programme to encourage international research collaboration between ambitious young researchers from the UK and eighteen countries around the world. The programme, ‘British Council Researcher Links’ provides opportunities for early career researchers from the UK and internationally to interact, learn from each other and explore opportunities for building long-lasting research collaborations.

As part of this programme, a ‘call to action’ was issued in April 2015 for leading researchers to propose themes for bilateral workshops to be held in one of these countries which will bring together early career researchers to discuss their research and start to build international relationships.

Workshop information Grant: Newton Fund Researcher Links Workshop 2015/2016 Sponsors: Co-funded by British Council and Thailand Research Fund Workshop Title: Sustainable Pig Production: the knowledge and technology exchange between UK and Thailand UK coordinator: Prof. Julian Wiseman Thailand coordinator: Dr. Kanya Jirajaroenrat Discipline: Breeding and reproduction, alternative feed and supplementation, biosecurity and disease control, animal welfare, waste management, environmental control, abattoir management, meat quality Dates: 1st – 4th March 2016 Venue: Conference Room, KMITL Central Library, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL), Thailand Background of Workshop Pig production supports the incomes and livelihood of 200,000 small and medium scale farmers in Thailand. From the data of Department of Livestock Development (DLD), Thailand at year 2013, number of pigs produced is about 9.5 million per year. These includes 5.8 million of finishing pigs, 3.1 million of breeding pigs and 0.6 million of native pigs. In year 2014, Thailand exported pork 2.6 mil kg (152 mil Baht) and pork products of 14 mil kg (2,658 mil Baht).

Under the Researcher Links scheme offered within the Newton Fund, the British Council and the Thailand Research Fund will be holding a workshop on “Sustainable Pig Production: the knowledge and technology exchange between UK and Thailand” at Conference Room, KMITL Central Library, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL), Thailand on 1-4 March, 2016. The workshop is being coordinated by Professor Julian Wiseman, School of Biosciences, The University of Nottingham, UK and Assist.Prof. Kanya -3-

Sustainable Pig Production The knowledge and technology exchange between UK and Thailand KMITL Central Library, Bangkok, Thailand 1-4 March 2016

Jirajaroenrat, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, KMITL, Thailand and will have contributions from other leading researchers: Assoc.Prof. Tim Parr (The University of Nottingham); Professor Jos Houdijk (Scotland's Rural College); Assoc.Prof. Jutarat Sethakul (KMITL) and Assoc.Prof. Ronachai Sitthigripong (KMITL). Early Career Researchers from the UK and Thailand are invited to apply to attend this workshop. All travel and accommodation expenses will be covered by the Researcher Links programme.

Scope of workshop The workshop will focus on sustainable pig production, with the following four research sessions: Session I: Improvement of pig breeds and reproduction Session II: Pig production under resource limitation Session III: Biosecurity and Disease control / Animal Welfare / Waste management / environmental impact / environmental control Session IV: Abattoir management and Improvement of Meat quality At the end of each session, a roundtable discussion will identify priority research activities to be developed, in order to address current issues, and will explore potential collaborations between workshop participants.

The workshop also includes networking sessions and an overview of the research base and funding opportunities in UK and Thailand.

In addition, the workshop includes a one-day study tour to local, small-scale pig farms, for an overview of the actual conditions of pig production.

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Sustainable Pig Production The knowledge and technology exchange between UK and Thailand KMITL Central Library, Bangkok, Thailand 1-4 March 2016

Workshop Program st

Day I: Tuesday, 1 March 2016 Venue: Conference room, the 5th floor, Central Library, KMITL, Chalongkrung Road, Ladkrabang, Bangkok

Time Event 08:00-09:00 Registration Opening Ceremony Chairpersons: Dr Rucharin Limsupavanich and Dr Noratat Prachom Report Address 09:00-09:10 (Asst Prof Monthon Ganmanee, Dean, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, KMITL-TH) Welcome Speech 09:10-09:20 (Prof Suchatvee Suwansawat, President, KMITL-TH) Opening Address 09:20-09:30 (Pred Evans, Director of Programme, British Council) Group Photography 09:30-09:40 Thailand Research Fund Introduction 09:40-10:00 (Assoc Prof Waranya Wongwit, TRF-TH) Coffee break 10:00-10:15 S1: Livestock and inclusive growth in Thailand 10:15-11:15 (Assoc Prof Chancharat Reodecha, Deputy Director for Research Utilization, TRF-TH) S2: Practical pig production over the whole pig cycle 11:15-12:00 Identifying problem areas (Prof Julian Wiseman, UNOTT-UK) Lunch 12:00-13:00 S3: Sustainable development for pig smallholders in Thailand 13:00-13:45 (Assoc Prof Watcharapong Wattanakul, UBU-TH) Session I: Improvement of pig breeds and reproduction Chairpersons: Assoc Prof Tim Parr and Asst Prof Kanya Jirajaroenrat O1: Identifying genes associated feed efficiency 13:45-14:15 (Dr John Brameld, UNOTT-UK) O2: Genetic selection strategies to improve piglet survival 14:15-14:35 (Dr Emma Baxter*, SRUC-UK) Coffee break 14:35-14:50 O3: Breeding for reduced aggression 14:50-15:10 (Dr Irene Camerlink*, SRUC-UK) O4: Local breed improvement in Thailand 15:10-15:25 (Mr Kamon Chaweewan, DLD-TH) O5: Gender preselection of swine sperm to increase male or 15:25-15:40 female offspring (Asst Prof Kanya Jirajaroenrat, KMITL-TH) 15:40-16:30 Discussion/Summary session: Translating the technology to improve pig production into practice, what are the priority areas in UK and Thailand?

18:30-20:00 Welcome party “getting to know you better� session Venue: Avion Village Hotel (http://www.avion-village.com/) More information on the workshop, please visit http://www.agri.kmitl.ac.th/SPPW

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Sustainable Pig Production The knowledge and technology exchange between UK and Thailand KMITL Central Library, Bangkok, Thailand 1-4 March 2016

Day II: Wednesday, 2

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March 2016

Venue: Conference room, the 5th floor, Central Library, KMITL, Chalongkrung Road, Ladkrabang, Bangkok

Time Event 08:00-08:30 Registration Session II: Pig production under limitation of resources Chairpersons: Assoc Prof John Brameld and Assoc Prof Ronachai Sitthigripong O6: Nutritional sensitivity of monogastric gut health 08:30-09:00 (Prof Jos Houdijk, SRUC-UK) O7: Feed processing and digestibility of amino acids 09:00-09:30 (Prof Julian Wiseman, UNOTT-UK) O8: Exogenous enzyme use in the UK pig industry 09:30-09:50 (Ms Katherine May*, UNOTT-UK) O9: Alternative feed resources in Thailand commercial pig production 09:50-10:20 (Asst Prof Yuwares Ruangpanit, KU-KPS-TH) Coffee break 10:20-10:35 O10: Phytonutrients for healthy pig and quality pork 10:35-11:00 (Assoc Prof Nuanchan Paraksa, KU-KPS-TH) O11: Feeding value of dried cashew nut testa in finishing 11:00-11:15 pigs: effects on growth performance, economic return and carcass characteristics (Asst Prof Pattaraporn Poommarin*, SU-TH) Discussion/Summary session: Sustainable intensification, what are 11:15-12:00 the research priorities for ensuring in nutrient resource availability?

Lunch 12:00-13:00 Session III: Biosecurity/ Disease control/ Animal Welfare/ Waste management Chairpersons: Prof Julian Wiseman and Assoc Prof Ronachai Sitthigripong O12: The UK Voluntary Monitoring Schemes for Pig Health 13:00-13:20 and Welfare: working towards improved health status (Dr Carla Gomes*, SRUC-UK) O13: Description of Pig Production, Health and Biosecurity 13:20-13:35 on Smallholder Pig Enterprises in Scotland (Dr Carla Gomes*, SRUC-UK) O14: Research in Biomarkers, Vaccines and Disease models 13:35-13-55 – Improving Pig productivity at the University of Nottingham (Dr Timothy Giles*, UNOTT-UK) O15: Biosecurity control and situation of swine diseases in Thailand 13:55-14:10 (Asst Prof Jamlong Mitchaothai*, MUT-TH) O16: Development of vaccines for Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea 14:10-14:25 (PED) and Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) (Dr Yaowaluck Maprang Roshorm*, KMUTT-TH) 14:25-14:40 Coffee break O17: Loose housing of sows during pregnancy and farrowing: 14:40-15:00 how to get it right for sows, piglets and farmers (Dr Emma Baxter*, SRUC-UK) O18: Integrated swine waste management 15:00-15:15 (Dr Wantamas Jantasin*, MJU-TH) Discussion/Summary session: Healthy pigs, pig welfare and their 15:30-16:30 environmental impact, what are the priorities and how do we identify solutions for pig production systems in rapidly developing countries?

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Sustainable Pig Production The knowledge and technology exchange between UK and Thailand KMITL Central Library, Bangkok, Thailand 1-4 March 2016

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Day III: Thursday, 3 March 2016 Venue: Conference room, the 5th floor, Central Library, KMITL, Chalongkrung Road, Ladkrabang, Bangkok

Time Event 08:00-08:30 Registration Session IV: Abattoir management/ Improvement of Meat quality Chairpersons: Assoc Prof John Brameld and Assoc Prof Jutarat Sethakul O19: Supply Chain of Pig in Thailand 08:30-09:00 (Asst Prof Thamrong Mekhora, KMITL-TH) O20: Abattoir management in small to medium enterprises in UK 09:00-09:20 (Dr Rodrigo Nova*, UoN-UK) O21: Is meat inspection suitable for the surveillance of animal 09:20-09:40 health (AH) in the pig sector?

(Dr Carla Gomes*, SRUC-UK) O22: Management for increasing value of carcass and by-products 09:40-10:00 (Asst Prof Chanporn Chaosap*, KMITL-TH) Coffee break 10:00-10:15 O23: Meat quality 10:15-10:30 (Rutcharin Limsupavanich*, KMITL-TH) O24: Pre and post-mortem, effects on meat quality 10:30-10:50 (Assoc Prof Tim Parr, UNOTT-UK) O25: Techniques in meat quality assessment 10:50-11:20 (Assoc Prof Tim Parr, UNOTT-UK) Discussion/Summary session: What the research priorities that 11:20-12:00 will increase the economic value of a pig carcass - an abattoir and meat quality perspective?

Lunch 12:00-13:00 Poster Session Chairpersons: Assoc Prof Tim Parr and Asst Prof Chanatip Thammakarn 13:00-14:30 Academic feedback on young researchers’ data presentation and science research dissemination skills Network Session Chairpersons: Prof Julian Wiseman and Asst Prof Kanya Jirajaroenrat Research Collaboration Opportunities 14:30-15:30 • Opportunities for International collaboration and enhancing young research career development (K.Pijarana, Newton Fund) • Overview of research funding in the UK and Thailand (K.Chanya Tangsuk, British Council) • KMITL Fund for MOU research collaboration (Office of Research and Innovation-KMITL) Coffee break 15:30-15:45 Network session (Prof Julian Wiseman, Prof Jos Houdijk, 15:45-16:30 Assoc Prof Jutarat Sethakul and Asst Prof Kanya Jirajaroenrat) • Identifying the strategically important areas for research to enhance pig production; commonalities and translational opportunities between Thailand and UK • Establishing Thai-UK strategic research theme groups/networks and leaders.

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Sustainable Pig Production The knowledge and technology exchange between UK and Thailand KMITL Central Library, Bangkok, Thailand 1-4 March 2016

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Day IV: Friday, 4 March 2016 7:00 10:00-12:00 12:00-13:00 13:00-15:00 18:00

Pick up from The Avion Hotel Visit “Don Rae”pig farms at Ratchaburi, Thailand (Mr. Supoj Singtosri, farm owner and Mr. Kamon Chawewan, DLD-TH) LUNCH at Cowboy Café, Ratchaburi Network session and activities leading to formation of key collaborative groups Arrive Bangkok

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Sustainable Pig Production The knowledge and technology exchange between UK and Thailand KMITL Central Library, Bangkok, Thailand 1-4 March 2016

Poster Presentation Title

Participant

P1: The continuing search for control strategies for respiratory diseases in pigs P2: Increasing the efficiency of phosphorus use in pig production, under resource limitations P3: Xylanase supplementation in feed reduces incretin and PYY levels in piglets P4: Characterization of migratory and gonadal porcine primordial germ cells P5: Use of fibrolytic enzymes to improve feed utilization for sustainable swine production P6: Production of viable cloned miniature pigs by aggregation of handmade cloned embryos at the 4-cell stage P7: Production of exogenous feed enzymes in swine nutrition P8: The Relationship between Muscle Fiber Characteristics and Meat Quality of Longissimus dorsi Muscle of pigs P9: Evaluating Genetic Variation Underlying Meat Yield and Quality in Thai Indigenous and Crossbred Pigs P10: Study of immunological response against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) using American and European live attenuated strain vaccines in commercial pig farm P11: Sustainable pasture-based indigenous pig production system in Southern Thailand P12: The use of anthocyanin extracts from pigmented rice brans and Etlingera elatior flower as food ingredient P13: Effect of dietary fat source of productive performance and chemical composition of meat in crossbred pig P14: Enhance pig production capacity by reproductive efficiency boosting P15: Applying powdered fermented grass of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria as probiotics in weaned pig

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Affiliation

Christopher Browne

UWE-UK

Stephen Mansbridge

HAU-UK

Katherine May

UNOTT-UK

Haixin Zhang

UNOTT-UK

Wanaporn Tapingkae

CMU-TH

Chawalit Siriboon

UBU-TH

Mongkol Yachai

MJU-TH

Pattraphorn Patthararangsarith

KMITL-TH

Sajee Kunhareang

KKU-TH

Sakchai Ruenphet

MUT-TH

Thunchira Thepparat

PSU-TH

Vatcharee Seechamnanturakit

PSU-TH

Korawan Sringarm

CMU-TH

Chanathip Thammakarn Kraisit Vasupen

KMITL-TH RMUTI-TH

Sustainable Pig Production The knowledge and technology exchange between UK and Thailand KMITL Central Library, Bangkok, Thailand 1-4 March 2016

Abbreviations: * = Early Career Researcher Tba = to be announced CMU = Chiang Mai University, Thailand DLD = Department of Livestock Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Thailand HAU = Harper Adams University, UK KKU = Khon Kaen University, Thailand KMITL = King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Thailand KMUTT = King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Thailand KU-KPS = Kasetsart University at Kampangsaen Campus, Thailand MJU = Maejo University, Thailand MUT = Mahanakorn University of Technology, Thailand PSU = Prince of Songkla University, Thailand RMUTI = Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Thailand SU = Silpakorn University, Thailand SRUC = Scotland’s Rural College, UK TRF = The Thailand Research Fund, Thailand UBU = Ubon Ratchathani University, Thailand UNOTT = University of Nottingham , UK UWE = University of the West of England, UK Accommodation Avion Village: Avion Apart-Hotel For more information, please visit http://www.avion-village.com

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Sustainable Pig Production The knowledge and technology exchange between UK and Thailand KMITL Central Library, Bangkok, Thailand 1-4 March 2016

List of Abstracts Page

Speakers Abstracts S1 S2 S3

Livestock and inclusive growth in Thailand Chancharat Reodecha Practical pig production over the whole pig cycle -Identifying problem areas Julian Wiseman Sustainable development for pig smallholders in Thailand Watcharapong Wattanakul

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Oral Abstracts O1 O2 O3 O4 O5 O6 O7 O8 O9 O10 O11

O12

O13

O14

Identifying genes associated with feed efficiency John Brameld Genetic selection strategies to improve piglet survival Emma M Baxter Breeding for reduced aggression Irene Camerlink, Suzanne Desire and Simon P. Turner Local breed improvement in Thailand Kamon Chaweewan Gender preselection of swine sperm to increase male or female offspring Kanya Jirajaroenrat Nutritional sensitivity of monogastric gut health Jos Houdijk and Jolinda Pollock Feed processing and digestibility of amino acids Julian Wiseman Exogenous enzyme use in the UK pig industry Katherine May Alternative feed resources in Thailand commercial pig production Yuwares Ruangpanit Phytonutrients for healthy pig and quality pork Nuanchan Paraksa Feeding value of dried cashew nut testa in finishing pigs: effects on growth performance, economic return and carcass characteristics Pattaraporn Poommarin, R. C. Sulabo, R. A. Vega, D. P. T. Depositario, and C. C. Sevilla The Uk voluntary monitoring schemes for pig health and welfare: working towards improved health status Carla Correia-Gomes, Eze J.I., Borobia-BelsuÊ J., Tucker A.W., Sparrow D., Strachan, W.D., Gunn G.J. Description of pig production, health and biosecurity on smallholder pig enterprises in Scotland Carla Correia-Gomes, Madeleine K Henry, Harriet Auty, George J Gunn Research in biomarkers, vaccines and disease models at the University of Nottingham – improving pig productivity Timothy Giles, Scott Hulme, Paul Barrow, Neil Foster - 11 -

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Sustainable Pig Production The knowledge and technology exchange between UK and Thailand KMITL Central Library, Bangkok, Thailand 1-4 March 2016

Page O15 O16 O17 O18 O19 O20 O21

O22 O23 O24 O25

Biosecurity control and situation of swine diseases in Thailand Jamlong Mitchaothai Development of vaccines for porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) Yaowaluck Maprang Roshorm how to get it right for sows, piglets and farmers Emma M Baxter Integrated swine waste management Wantamas Jantasin Supply chain of pig in Thailand Thamrong Mekhora Abattoir management in small to medium enterprises in UK Rodrigo Nova Is meat inspection suitable for the surveillance of animal health (AH) in the pig sector?

Carla Correia-Gomes C., Smith, R.P.2, Eze, J.I., Gunn, G.J., Williamson, S., Tongue, S.C. Management for increasing value of carcass and by-products Chanporn Chaosap Meat quality Rutcharin Limsupavanich Pre and post-mortem, effects on meat quality Tim Parr Techniques in meat quality assessment Tim Parr

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Poster Abstracts P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6

The continuing search for control strategies for respiratory diseases in pigs Christopher Browne Increasing the efficiency of phosphorus use in pig production, under resource limitations Stephen Mansbridge Xylanase supplementation in feed reduces incretin and PYY levels in piglets Katherine May Characterization of migratory and gonadal porcine primordial germ cells Haixin Zhang Use of fibrolytic enzymes from spent mushroom substrate to improve feed utilization for sustainable swine production Wanaporn Tapingkae, Sureerat Thuekeaw, and Mongkol Yachai Production of viable cloned miniature pigs by aggregation of handmade cloned embryos at the 4-cell stage production Chawalit Siriboon, Chin-Fu Tu, Michel Kere, Ming-Sing Liu, Hui-Jung Chang, Lin-Lin Ho, Miao-En Tai, Wen-Der Fang, Neng-Wen Lo, and Jyh-Cherng Ju

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Sustainable Pig Production The knowledge and technology exchange between UK and Thailand KMITL Central Library, Bangkok, Thailand 1-4 March 2016

Page P7 P8 P9 P10

P11 P12 P13 P14 P15

Production of exogenous feed enzymes in swine nutrition Mongkol Yachai The relationship between muscle fibre characteristics and meat quality of longissimus dorsi muscle of pigs Pattraphorn Patthararangsarith Evaluating genetic variation underlying meat yield and quality in Thai indigenous and crossbred pigs Sajee Kunhareang Study of immunological response against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) using American and European live attenuated strain vaccines in commercial pig farm Sakchai Ruenphet Sustainable pasture-based indigenous pig production system in Southern Thailand Thunchira Thepparat The use of anthocyanin extracts from pigmented rice brans and Etlingera elatior flower as food ingredient Vatcharee Seechamnanturakit Effect of dietary fat source of productive performance and chemical composition of meat in crossbred pig Korawan Sringarm Enhance pig production capacity by reproductive efficiency boostin Chanathip Thammakarn Applying powdered fermented grass of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria as probiotics in weaned pig Kraisit Vasupen

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Sustainable Pig Production The knowledge and technology exchange between UK and Thailand KMITL Central Library, Bangkok, Thailand 1-4 March 2016

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Sustainable Pig Production The knowledge and technology exchange between UK and Thailand KMITL Central Library, Bangkok, Thailand 1-4 March 2016

S1 Livestock and inclusive growth in Thailand Chancharat Reodecha

Deputy Director, The Thailand Research Fund th 14 Floor, SM Tower, 979/17-21 Paholyothin Road, Samsennai, Phayathai, Bangkok 10400 Thailand E-mail: chancharat@trf.or.th

Thailand is one among middle income countries. Thirty-five to forty percent of population are in agriculture. Though the country is on the top 15 of agriculture and food exporters to the world, the income disparity do exist. The major problem of small farmers is the accessibility. Normally, they have no access (1.) to good breeding stock (2.) to feed at reasonable price (3.) to market. The presentation discusses the research and development efforts that focus on farmer’s needs for occupation, the supply chain management, the required science and technologies and the market access. The R&D is based on Thai native chicken. This is a case of creating the inclusive growth at individual, community and provincial level.

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Sustainable Pig Production The knowledge and technology exchange between UK and Thailand KMITL Central Library, Bangkok, Thailand 1-4 March 2016

S2 Practical pig production over the whole pig cycle -Identifying problem areas Julian Wiseman

School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom E-mail: julian.wiseman@nottingham.ac.uk

The key elements of the pig cycle to be discussed are genetics, reproduction / breeding, nutrition, meat quality and environment.

A major development in breeding was abolishing boar-licensing in the UK in 1972; this allowed development of hybrid lines where biological performance was now ultimate selection criterion. Cross-breeding assumed greater performance with accompanying benefits due to hybrid vigour, particularly in reproductive performance.

There was the emergence of the classical ‘Pyramid’ of nucleus, multiplier and production units. More recently there has been adoption of Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP). This has revolutionised breeding methodologies in selection of improved genotypes, particularly traits of low heritability. New technologies being considered are Gene maps and DNA sequences, marker assisted selection, comparative gene maps across species, DNA arrays and cloning.

In terms of the management of breeding, one of the major problems facing pig production is the timing of mating and, becoming much more common, artificial insemination (AI). There are current developments in AI technology but two major future avenues of progress are semen sexing and semen freezing. There is a big debate on whether litter size is at an optimum and one area of interest is whether it is more important to produce a uniform litter of piglets rather than larger litters where the range of liveweights is greater.

Developments in nutrition include more precise measurements of nutritional value (standardised ileal amino acid digestibility and net energy are two good examples). There is increasing interest in home-grown proteins, co-products and the role of processing in improving nutritional value.

Carcass quality is traditionally viewed in terms of back fat / lean tissue percentage. However increasingly meat quality is becoming more important, with studies on the biochemical basis of variations.

The industry is becoming controlled increasingly by regulations that are not confined to Europe; these are considering both environmental matters but also animal welfare.

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Sustainable Pig Production The knowledge and technology exchange between UK and Thailand KMITL Central Library, Bangkok, Thailand 1-4 March 2016

S3 Sustainable development for pig smallholders in Thailand Watcharapong Wattanakul

Faculty of Agriculture, Ubonratchathani University, Thailand E-mail: w.wattanakul@rocketmail.com

The agricultural sector in Thailand contributes about 8.6 % to total national GDP (approx. 4,400 billion baht) with animal production contributing only 12 % of this amount. Two major categories of animal production are (i), landless production mainly characterized by industrialized pig and poultry enterprises and (ii), crop-based production involved in integrated farming system practiced by small farmers (adapted from Devendra, 2007). In the pig production sectors, more than 90% of pig farmers are smallholders, but produce less than 20% of pig products. Even though, smallholders tend to gain some profit through low inputs, by using family labour, local feed stuffs and local markets with less transportation costs (Poapongsakorn, 2006), the number of pig smallholders declines every year (DLD, 2015). This is due to disadvantages of technology, limited financial support and vulnerable to be forced out of business.

Combining modern techniques and conventional methods have been studied by universities and government agencies for sustainable development for pig smallholders in Thailand. These aiming for survival and self-reliance involving the method of reducing economics risk and avoiding environmental degradation i.e. (i) reducing economic risks by integrating pig production into integrated farming systems (ii) improving native breeds, (iii) local feed stuff and alternative feed utilization for selfreliance, (iv) reducing chemical usage by replacing with microorganism and organic products, (v) reducing pollution by using biogas technology and implementing zero waste discharge method such as deep pit housing systems. In addition, the concept of Sufficiency Economic suggested by His Majesty the King of Thailand should be implemented (Chantalakhana, 2012) for successful sustainable development for pig smallholders in Thailand.

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Sustainable Pig Production The knowledge and technology exchange between UK and Thailand KMITL Central Library, Bangkok, Thailand 1-4 March 2016

O1 Identifying genes associated with feed efficiency John Brameld

School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom E-mail: john.brameld@nottingham.ac.uk

Due to anticipated future issues with availability of feed ingredients relating to global food security and the competition with human nutrition for the main crops (wheat, maize and soya), research into improved feed efficiency of farm species is urgently needed. The talk will describe some of our ongoing investigations, comparing the effects of anabolic agents (beta-adrenergic agonists and recombinant growth hormone) on tissue transcriptomes and blood metabolomes in growing pigs. These studies have identified some metabolic pathways not previously associated with growth and feed efficiency, which might be key genes for future breeding programmes or targets for new anabolic agents. The talk will also include similar transcriptomic studies on tissues from pigs with high or low residual feed intakes (RFI), which are also identifying key genes and pathways associated with improved feed efficiency. These studies might then provide actual genes for genetic selection in future breeding programmes.

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Sustainable Pig Production The knowledge and technology exchange between UK and Thailand KMITL Central Library, Bangkok, Thailand 1-4 March 2016

O2 Genetic selection strategies to improve piglet survival Emma M Baxter

Scotland’s Rurl College, The Roslin Institute Building, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK E-mail: Emma.Baxter@sruc.ac.uk

Piglet mortality continues to be an economic and welfare concern. Pre-weaning liveborn mortality in the EU averages 12.9% (Interpig, 2014) with stillbirths accounting for a further 8%. The multifaceted nature of piglet mortality means the sow, piglets and their environment all contribute interacting causal factors. Genetic selection strategies could be a tool to help augment piglet survival however over-selection of certain traits is detrimental. For example there continues to be selection pressure to increase litter size to counteract the high incidence of piglet mortality and increase the number of piglets born per sow, per year. Such strategies are often counterproductive with detrimental effects on maternal behaviour, as well as an increase in stillbirth rate and possible implications for birth weight and within litter weight variability, both known piglet survival parameters. Adjusting selection criteria to select for numbers weaned rather than numbers born is a more sustainable strategy and one that has achieved success. A large UK selection experiment followed >20,000 piglets born to sows selected for either high (HS) or average (AVG) survival traits. Piglets from HS sows showed pre-weaning survival of 91.1% compared to 88.4% in the AVG line. After adjusting for environmental influences, the selection response was 3% points, indicating a very significant genetic improvement of piglet survival. Optimum birth weight proved a key factor, explaining much of the selection response. A more detailed phenotypic study on the mothers found that genotype significantly influenced maternal behaviour with HS sows showing less crushing behaviour during farrowing than AVG sows. These results reflect the multifaceted nature of piglet mortality.

Solutions must look for improvements in both sows (maternal behaviour) and piglets (robustness, vitality). However any strategy targeting biological factors related to survival must accompany an environmental response with augmentation of existing managerial solutions.

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Sustainable Pig Production The knowledge and technology exchange between UK and Thailand KMITL Central Library, Bangkok, Thailand 1-4 March 2016

O3 Breeding for reduced aggression Irene Camerlink, Suzanne Desire and Simon P. Turner

Animal Behaviour & Welfare and Animal Breeding & Genomics Teams, Animal and Veterinary Sciences Research Group, Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), West Mains Rd., Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK E-mail: Irene.camerlink@sruc.ac.uk

Aggression between pigs is a longstanding animal welfare issue in commercial pig husbandry and has a negative impact on growth, reproductive performance and immunocompetence. High levels of aggression occur at regrouping, which happens in commercial pig husbandry several times during the production cycle to optimize farm management, and lower levels of aggression occur in socially stable situations.

Aggression has been actively researched since 1970 but persists undiminished as a routine challenge to welfare despite the factors affecting aggression largely being known. This is partly due to the economic costs of management changes that reduce aggression. Breeding against aggression could be an alternative, and this has been actively researched over the last two decades. Pigs show considerable behavioural and genetic variation in aggression, and traits reflecting aggressiveness are moderately heritable. The amount of skin lesions which accumulate due to fighting is typically applied as proxy-measure for aggression, whereby skin lesions on the front of the body indicate reciprocal fights and lesions on the rear indicate the receipt of unilateral aggression. Recent data shows a positive genetic correlation between skin lesion at regrouping and lesions in socially stable groups, meaning that selection for fewer lesions at mixing would also reduce chronic aggression. Skin lesions generally show an unfavourable correlation with growth rate. However, this is not the case for anterior lesions, which offers potential for reducing aggression without affecting growth.

Another method which has been explored is selection for indirect genetic effects for growth rate, which takes into account the genetic effect that an individual has on its group members, for example through aggression or tail biting. Our current work focusses on understanding the choices that pigs make when they encounter unfamiliar conspecifics and on the animals that have few skin lesions at regrouping as well as in a stable situation.

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Sustainable Pig Production The knowledge and technology exchange between UK and Thailand KMITL Central Library, Bangkok, Thailand 1-4 March 2016

O4 Local breed improvement in Thailand Kamon Chaweewan

Nakornratchasima Livestock Research and Breeding center, Bureau of Animal Husbandry and Genetic Improvement, Department of Livestock Development (DLD), 78 M.13 Khanongphra, Pakchong, Nakornratchasima 30130 THAILAND E-mail: krawan2001@gmail.com

The breeding pigs were imported from several countries since 1993, USA, Canada, Ireland, UK, Germany and Norway. They are breed of Large White, Landrace and Duroc. These pigs were used as breeding stock of DLD’s livestock breeding and research center that have the objectives to produce the pure bred pigs for local use. In Thailand, most of farmers cannot access the superior genetics of the pig because price is very high. The target of DLD’s livestock breeding and research center is supporting the back yard farm up to medium scale farm. The imported genetics were bred using selection and performance testing for genetic improvement and also adapt to Thailand’s environment. Improved and selected genetics were used as Great Grand Parent (G.G.P.) and distributed to the farmers. Not only pure bred pure line of the pig was produced from imported pigs but also the synthetic breeds were established from them to support the farmer or market demand. Depend on objectives; the breeding pigs were used as sire line or maternal line. The synthetic breeds were established either sire line or maternal line. Synthetic breed of sire line were produced from Duroc x Pietrain or Large White x Pietrain.

Maternal line was produced from Canadian Landrace x Irish Landrace, German Landrace x Irish Landrace, Norwegian Large White x Canadian Large White, Norwegian Large White x American Large White, for example.

To breed of pure bred pure line or synthetic breed should compose the procedure of; determine the breeding objectives, determine the breeding plan, performance testing and selection, inter-se mating system at least 5 generations and genetic evaluation. To evaluate the breeding pig, the performance of two-cross bred sow, terminal boar and fattening pig were tested. The test also performs by network farmers. Network farmer is the pig farmer who has connection with DLD’s livestock breeding and research center, not only received the breeding pigs but also scientific support from the center. Performance data of pig were submitted to the center for evaluation. After pass the trial by farmer then the breeding pigs will distribute to the farmer through breeding center and breeding station which located in every region of Thailand.

Moreover, the network farmer also cooperates with DLD to distribute the living pig and fresh semen. Most successful of synthetic breed establishment are the sire line that was used as terminal boar for fattening pig production, named Pakchong 3 and Pakchong 5. After testing and selection for 5 generation then Pakchong 3 and Pakchong 5 pig were distributed to the farmer as living pigs or fresh semen. Satisfaction survey, economic return and utilization data were collected from famer.

Recently, the DLD’s pig were bred under cooperation with network farmers and under the farmer wanted. The utilization of improved genetics pig leaded to the improvement of pig production and the farmer could gain more income and well-being. These pig breeds can be sustainable used as local breed and make the farmer self-sufficiency.

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Sustainable Pig Production The knowledge and technology exchange between UK and Thailand KMITL Central Library, Bangkok, Thailand 1-4 March 2016

O5 Gender preselection of swine sperm to increase male or female offspring Kanya Jirajaroenrat

Department of Animal Production Technology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520 Thailand *E-mail: kanya.ji@kmitl.ac.th

Gender preselection has become of interest in domestic animal production where choosing the animal gender involves economic advantages. Base on DNA content and cell surface characteristics, such as charge or protein expression, several methods have been developed for selection of Y- or X-bearing spermatozoa consisting mainly in passing sperm through different gradients or flow cytometry. In addition, immunological techniques and electrophoresis have been tested. USDA-Beltsville Sperm Sexing Technology based on flow cytometry/cell sorting technology has been introduced to commercial breeding stock farming. The sorting technique is a possible hazard on the DNA of the sperm. The equipment, expertise and technology are still expensive. An alternative method is a gradient density centrifugation using the common media such as albumin, Percoll™ or Sephadex™. Theoretically, heavier X sperm will sediment to the bottom, and lighter Y-sperm will remain at the top. The methods have been commonly used for sperm swim-up technique to clean out dead sperms in reproductive laboratory. This method has been successfully applied in pig without deleterious effect. The separated X- and Y-chromosome bearing spermatozoa could be later used for artificial insemination or for in vitro fertilization (IVF).

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Sustainable Pig Production The knowledge and technology exchange between UK and Thailand KMITL Central Library, Bangkok, Thailand 1-4 March 2016

O6 Nutritional sensitivity of monogastric gut health Jos Houdijk and Jolinda Pollock

Monogastric Science Research Centre, Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), West Mains Rd., Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK E-mail:jos.houdijk@sruc.ac.uk

It has long been known that the weaning transition period in pigs is associated with social, environmental, immunological and nutritional stressors. These collectively contribute, at least to some extent, to increased susceptibility to enteric disease, including (sub-clinical) post weaning colibacillosis, primarily caused by enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC). The impact of the latter on weaner pig performance has long been controlled through in-feed antimicrobial growth promoters (AGP). However, AGP withdrawal in Europe has put the weaner pig resilience and resistance to enteric disorders at risk, and has accentuated the need for alternative, non-pharmaceutical, strategies for enteric disease control. Such strategies may include the manipulation of dietary protein supply, which has been associated with risk of PWC by supporting the growth of potentially harmful bacteria, and weaning age. We have developed subclinical ETEC infection models to investigate interactive effects between dietary protein supply and weaning age on the health and performance of pigs in the immediate post weaning period, through manipulating protein quantity and/or source for standard and delayed weaned pigs. We have observed that experimental ETEC exposure leads to temporal elevation of selected inflammation markers, and that the latter is also sensitive to level and type of protein supply, which we have also observed in murine models. Recently, we are exploring our models to assess the impact of subclinical ETEC exposure and/or dietary protein supply on porcine enteric microbiota composition, following the development of a novel, 16S V3 region-based metabarcoding pipeline for phylogenetic analysis, validated by sequencing a mock bacterial community and reagent-only controls. Overall, our data to date are supporting the view that in the absence of AGPs, manipulating dietary protein supply may assist to minimise the impact of sub-clinical post weaning colibacillosis, especially in earlier weaned animals.

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Sustainable Pig Production The knowledge and technology exchange between UK and Thailand KMITL Central Library, Bangkok, Thailand 1-4 March 2016

O7 Feed processing and digestibility of amino acids Julian Wiseman

School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom E-mail: julian.wiseman@nottingham.ac.uk

The paper proposes to concentrate on plant protein sources: oil-extracted soyabean meal (SBM), peas, wheat-distillers dark grains with solubles (W-DDGS), rapeseed meal (RSM); very good reason for this s that the European Union no longer allows the use of rendered animal proteins in livestock diets although it should be emphasized that processing of animal / fish proteins is still essential. The importance of processing will be discussed with heat treatment being one of the more common technologies; this has two main function which are either to improve digestibility (to include reducing concentration of heat-labile anti-nutritional factors) or remove water that is important for stability. A final aspect is the problem of over-processing.

Very basically, protein digestion is initially in the stomach (acidic pH) before moving to the small intestine (neutral pH). Any proteins entering the large intestine are fermented but the products (including amino acids modified by fermentation) are of no nutritional value to the host. Thus as far as amino acids are concerned, simple total tract digestibility is of very little value in assessing nutritional value although it is a better term than total amino acid content. Therefore ileal digestibility is a more accurate term that can be modified by deducting endogenous losses to give Standardised Ileal Digestibility that is now becoming the preferred measurement for amino acids.

As far as soya bean products are concerned (either SBM or full-fat SBM with the oil remaining) some form of heat processing is essential to minimise anti-trypsin factors and promote amino acid digestibility. There are four main variables during processing: temperature, time, moisture, particle size that have an important effect on product quality and must be controlled. Referring simply to the name of the process is not accurate as variables operate within a process.

Pea proteins are more sensitive to heat treatment that must be undertaken very carefully to avoid over-processing.

W-DDGS is an increasingly valuable product from the bioethanol industry.

Heating during processing (to dry the product) is a key variable and, again, the risks of over-processing are high. Finally, recent data indicates that processing variables are also important for RSM.

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Sustainable Pig Production The knowledge and technology exchange between UK and Thailand KMITL Central Library, Bangkok, Thailand 1-4 March 2016

O8 Exogenous enzyme use in the UK pig industry Katherine May

School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom E-mail: sbxkm2@nottingham.ac.uk

Feed costs account for approximately 60% of the total cost of production in the pig industry. With the global population estimated to rise to 9 billion by the year 2050 demand for pork is expected to increase with production needing to be doubled by 2020 (Martinez et al., 2009). Therefore is it of paramount interest that whilst we increase production we need to also reduce production costs both in a sustainable manner. One way of achieving this is by using exogenous enzymes in monogastric feeds, examples of which include phytases, β-glucanases and xylanases. All three of these enzymes are already used in both the pig and poultry industries as they have been found to improve feed efficiency, growth performance and the availability/digestibility of nutrients in the gastrointestinal tract. However we are still unsure of their mechanisms of action and their potential for improving production even more than their current use. For instance superdosing of phytase has recently been introduced to the industry showing improved ADG and FCR when supplemented above normal commercial doses. Also research into xylanase has found that supplementation to broilers increases peptide YY (PYY) levels in the blood (Singh et al., 2012) a hormone produced in the distal intestines which affects gut motility. Our studies however have shown that xylanase has the opposite effect on PYY in young pigs and also decreases incretin hormones. Studying these effects on gut hormones is important to the industry as changes in these can affect feed intake and intestinal transit time in turn effecting FCR and nutrient absorption.

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Sustainable Pig Production The knowledge and technology exchange between UK and Thailand KMITL Central Library, Bangkok, Thailand 1-4 March 2016

O9 Alternative feed resources in Thailand commercial pig production Yuwares Ruangpanit

Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom 73140 THAILAND E-mail: ysungwa@hotmail.com

Currently, it is occurred that we are experiencing the shortage of major feed ingredients. An increase in the feed ingredient demand for livestock industries around the world, particularly in Asia is considered the major contributions to the feed grain inventory to be depleted. Several alternative feed ingredients from agro-industry and biofuel production in Thailand also are being used for feed manufacturing. Grain such as feed-grade wheat also is imported to Thailand in a high quantity to mediate supply shortages and avoid a price crisis. However, high fibre content always found to be the limiting factor of using high level of plant ingredients in swine feed.

Wheat has an energy value approximately 91 to 97% relative to corn when fed to pigs.

Wheat contains a considerable of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), mainly arabinoxylans, which can interfere with nutrient digestibility. The problem of using wheat in Thailand are the mix of soft and hard wheat grains that make it difficult to predict energy content for precisely feed formulation, the high content of starch that can effect feed processing and the contamination of mold and mycotoxin. rd Cassava production of Thailand is the 3 range of the world. Currently, the production is approximately 25 million tons per year. Majority of cassava production is used for animal feeding. Approximately 10 million tons of fresh cassava roots are used in cassava starch manufacturing to produce 2 million tons of cassava starch annually and yield 1.0-1.5 million tons of fresh cassava pulp. When properly dried, cassava pulp can be incorporated as alternative feed ingredient in non-ruminant feed. Beside cassava, mungbean also ranges within top-ten highest production in Thailand. Mungbean production is approximately 110,000 tons per year (The Office of Agricultural Economics, 2009). It is mostly used for vermicelli manufacturing. Processing of mungbean in vermicelli industry yields by-product called vermicelli waste. Vermicelli waste mainly contains the seed coat and kernel pulp which possess high fibre content and limit its usage as mono-gastric animal feed ingredient. High fibre level normally causes a diluent of the diet, with a negative association in relation to voluntary feed intake and nutrient digestibility (Janssen and CarrĂŠ, 1985).

Thailand has promoted biodiesel production as alternative energy source. Biodiesel production process produces approximately 10% of crude glycerol. The crude glycerol can be purified into purified glycerol for 30-45%. Purified glycerol is used for drug and cosmetic production. It is also suitable for food and animal feed. Purified glycerol contains 99%wt of glycerol, less than 0.01%wt of methanol with 3,842-4,118 kcal/kg of gross energy.

Metabolisable energy of purified glycerol for pig was approximately 3,627-3,756 kcal/kg.

Therefore, the purified glycerol has a high potential for energy feed stuff for domestic animals.

For better utilization, physical, chemical and biological characteristics of these feed ingredients as well as the effects on pig performances and feed processing were evaluated.

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Sustainable Pig Production The knowledge and technology exchange between UK and Thailand KMITL Central Library, Bangkok, Thailand 1-4 March 2016

O10 Phytonutrients for healthy pig and quality pork Nuanchan Paraksa

Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom 73140 THAILAND E-mail: agrnupa@ku.ac.th

Phytonutrients are components naturally occurring in plants, which have been classified to different groups such as essential oils, oleoresin, alkaloids and flavonoids,etc. Their several biological activities including antioxidant, immune enhancement, antimicrobial and digestive improvement, can provide the beneficial impact to animal health and also productive performance in consequence. Due to the pressure of reducing or banning the antibiotics and antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) in animal production include swine production lead to an increasing extent used of phytonutrients as alternative feed additives. Phytonutrients from some indigenous plants such as Capsicum and Camellia sinensis have been proved their positive impacts to health and also meat quality of pigs in our studies.

Capsicum is one of the commonly spices in food and widespread grown in Thailand. It contains capsaicinoid mainly capsaicin and their derivatives. Capsicum oleoresin has been shown to improve pig’s health by modulating immunity in weaning pigs and also passive immunity of sows. Additionally, growth and feed efficiency improvement of fattening pigs was found, possibly resulting from the stimulation of intestinal enzyme secretion, i.e. lipase, amylase and proteases, as well as the healthy villi improved by antioxidative activity of capsaicin.

Green tea (Camellia sinensis) marc is the byproduct from popular beverage and the water- extracted product contains polyphenolic compounds such as catechin and tannin, which have been found to possess biologic functions and health benefits. The health and productive performance in fattening pigs were promoted through the strong anti-oxidative activity of these active ingredients. In addition, undesired microbial metabolites (i.e. ammonia) were decreased in response to their antimicrobial and prebiotic properties, which is benefit to both health and environmental pollution. The synergistic effects were demonstrated when combined to capsicum crude extracts by improving the growth performance and carcass characteristics in fattening pigs.

The quality of pork can also be improved by phytonutrients application, especially having antioxidants like capsaicin from capsicum and polyphenol from green tea marc. The lipid peroxidation in pork was reduced resulting in extent the shelf-life and reduction of dip loss. In conclusion, phytonutrients are the effective alternative for pig production under the reduction of antibiotics in productive process. However, standardized active ingredients concentration should be concerned for the consistency responses of animals.

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Sustainable Pig Production The knowledge and technology exchange between UK and Thailand KMITL Central Library, Bangkok, Thailand 1-4 March 2016

O11 Feeding value of dried cashew nut testa in finishing pigs: effects on growth performance, economic return and carcass characteristics 1

2

1

3

Pattaraporn Poommarin *, R. C. Sulabo , R. A. Vega , D. P. T. Depositario , and C. C. Sevilla

2

1

Faculty of Animal Sciences and Agricultural Technology, Silpakorn University, Thailand, 3 Animal and Dairy Sciences Cluster, College of Agriculture; Department of Agribusiness Management and Entrepreneurship, College of Economics and Management, University of the Philippines Los BaĂąos, Philippines *E-mail: noopoommarin@hotmail.com

2

A total of 48 LYD finishing pigs (initial BW of 82.1 kg) were used to determine the effect of dried cashew nut testa (DCNT) on growth performance, economic return, and carcass characteristics in finishing pigs. Pigs were randomly allotted to 8 treatments using a 4 Ă&#x2014; 2 factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design. Diet and gender were the factors. Dietary treatments were: corn-SBM diet with no DCNT and corn-SBM diet with 5% unsoaked DCNT (unsoaked DCNT), 5% unsoaked DCNT with added fat (unsoaked DCNT + fat), and 5% soaked DCNT (soaked DCNT). No interactions (P > 0.23) were observed on growth performance. There were no differences in ADG, ADFI, F/G, final BW, and caloric efficiency among pigs fed the different diets. Barrows were heavier (106 kg; P < 0.05) and had greater (1.04 kg/d; P < 0.01) ADG than gilts (98 kg and 0.87 kg/d, respectively). Margin over feed cost ranged from 649.8 to 711.6 baht/pig, with pigs fed the unsoaked DCNT having the least net margin while pigs fed the soaked DCNT having the greatest net margin. There were no (P > 0.20) interaction and diet effects on carcass characteristics. However, barrows had heavier (80 kg; P < 0.05) hot carcass weight than gilts (73.82 kg). Back fat thickness at P2 and LSQ of gilts were better (P < 0.05) than barrows. Therefore, in areas where DCNT is abundant, readily available, and cheap, inclusion of 5% soaked DCNT may be used in finishing pig diets.

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Sustainable Pig Production The knowledge and technology exchange between UK and Thailand KMITL Central Library, Bangkok, Thailand 1-4 March 2016

O12 The Uk voluntary monitoring schemes for pig health and welfare: working towards improved health status Carla Correia-Gomes1*, Eze J.I.1, Borobia-Belsué J.2, Tucker A.W.3, Sparrow D.2, Strachan, W.D.4, Gunn G.J.1 1

Scotland’s Rural College, UK 2 MossVet, UK 3 Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK 4 Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, UK E-mail: carla.gomes@sruc.ac.uk

A pork industry with high health status will have less disease, use fewer antibiotics and present less risk to public health. The United Kingdom has three voluntary pig health schemes (PHS); Wholesome Pigs Scotland (WPS) in Scotland, the BPEX Pig Health Scheme (BPHS) in England and Wales and the Pig Regen health and welfare checks (NIH&W). They capture information on different macroscopic conditions detected in slaughter pigs. In this study, the prevalence, seasonal variations and year trends of eight conditions as assessed by these PHS were compared and evaluated. Data collected between July 2005 and December 2012 were used. In total 2,061,779 pigs, from 4,420 pig units in 46,321 batches of pigs supplied to 25 abattoirs were examined.

The Respiratory conditions assessed were: enzootic pneumonia-like lesions, pleurisy, pleuropneumonia, abscesses in the lung; while the non-respiratory conditions were: pericarditis (PC), milk spots (MS), papular dermatitis (PD) and tail biting. The shape of year and seasonal effects among schemes were visualised and the effects were quantified across schemes. The shapes of year trend differed between the PHS for respiratory conditions but were similar for non-respiratory conditions. WPS and NIH&W had a lower prevalence of respiratory conditions than BPHS. This was also observed for PC and PD; however, BPHS had a lower prevalence for MS compared to the other schemes. Non-respiratory lesions showed marked seasonal effects.

Continuous standardised monitoring of lesions at slaughter is an effective tool for monitoring disease incidence. Early detection of changes, when combined with comparison of similar schemes in countries with a similar profile of pig production and management, could enable prompt investigation and ultimately lead to ‘safer’ pork.

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Sustainable Pig Production The knowledge and technology exchange between UK and Thailand KMITL Central Library, Bangkok, Thailand 1-4 March 2016

O13 Description of pig production, health and biosecurity on smallholder pig enterprises in Scotland Carla Correia-Gomes, Madeleine K Henry, Harriet Auty, George J Gunn Scotlandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Rural College, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG United Kingdom E-mail: carla.gomes@sruc.ac.uk

European smallholdings frequently house several livestock species, increasing the risk of animal contacts and disease spread. Over two thirds of Scottish pig keepers reportedly keep fewer than 10 pigs and little is known about this type of enterprise.

This research aimed to address knowledge gaps to improve focus of surveillance and control activities and recommendations for pig keepers. A list of registered Scottish pig keepers was obtained and those involved in Quality Assurance removed. Random sampling of the remainder generated the study population. A postal and online survey was conducted, comprising sections on location, motivation, nature of enterprise, selling and transporting pigs, pig husbandry, health and biosecurity. Analyses of 135 valid respondents were performed using ArcGIS and R. Most respondents were rurally located and kept pigs for quality, traceable pork. Over half of respondents kept at least one adult pig and over 39% kept finishers. Outdoor pigs were most common and fewer than half of respondents kept pigs all year round. Around 91% of respondents kept at least one other species (mainly poultry, sheep and cattle) and the majority did not feel part of the British pig industry, despite over 50% selling their pigs. Almost 50% of respondents preferred the vet for pig health advice, but 87% indicated that their pigs were rarely examined by a vet; most reported never having seen health problems in their pigs. Over 50% of respondents routinely administered anthelmintics. The most common biosecurity practices were: cleaning vehicles after moving pigs, controlling rodents and minimising contact of pigs, feed and waste with other animals/wildlife.

Our results suggest that disease is rarely identified on pig smallholdings, though the tendency for mixed enterprises increases risk of disease transmission. Biosecurity activity, as measured here, varied hugely between respondents. Many pigs never see a vet and most small-scale pig keepers do not identify with the pig industry. This perceived separation could present a barrier to uptake of disease control measures.

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Sustainable Pig Production The knowledge and technology exchange between UK and Thailand KMITL Central Library, Bangkok, Thailand 1-4 March 2016

O14 Research in biomarkers, vaccines and disease models at the University of Nottingham â&#x20AC;&#x201C; improving pig productivity Timothy Giles, Scott Hulme, Paul Barrow, Neil Foster

School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough LE12 5RD United Kingdom E-mail: timothy.giles@nottingham.ac.uk

Some of the work conducted at The University of Nottingham School of Veterinary Medicine and Science is part of a larger European Union (EU) consortium (Prohealth), which aims to improve the sustainability of modern pig farming in Europe. Specifically the work involves the use of gene-expression microarrays to identify molecular markers that are associated with different production diseases. Microarrays are a powerful tool which will enable us to determine which genes are up or downregulated as a consequence of disease or environmental condition. As part of an EU wide consortium, Prohealth has access to samples from a variety of countries including Belgium, Spain, France, and Denmark. This work was conducted under the EU-funded PROHEALTH project.

Improving production through the use of the pigs own innate immunity is also something that is being studied at Nottingham Vet School. It has been found that oral inoculation of 14 day old piglets with an attenuated strain of Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis prior to oral challenge with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium resulted in significant weight gain in the post-wean period. Clinical signs of disease associated with S. Typhimurium were also significantly reduced by pre-inoculation of the S. Infantis mutant. Pre-inoculation of pigs with the S. Infantis mutant also increased weight gain in pigs challenged with pathogenic Escherichia coli.

Other work being carried out at the University includes the use of pigs as a model for Clostridium difficile infection and the development of dendritic cell platforms for rapid screening of transposon libraries for vaccine studies.

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Sustainable Pig Production The knowledge and technology exchange between UK and Thailand KMITL Central Library, Bangkok, Thailand 1-4 March 2016

O15 Biosecurity control and situation of swine diseases in Thailand Jamlong Mitchaothai

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mahanakorn University of Technology 140 Chem-Sampan rd., Nong Chok, Bangkok 10530 Thailand E-mail: jmitchaothai@yahoo.com

Major pig diseases in Thailand during past two years (2014-2015) are Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome (PRRS), Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea (PED), Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia (App) and Porcine Circovirus Disease (PCVD). The PRRS and PED are continuously made economic losses in Thai pig farms whereas the App and the PCVD have been occurred for some short periods of time. The current status of PRRS in Thailand is endemic disease with mini-outbreak sometime. To monitor PRRS status in a pig farm, the kinds of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test kits play an important role to detect PRRS antibodies, because the specific PRRS antigens coated on the tested ELISA plate might give different results. Selection of the appropriate ELISA test kit would take a part in the success of PRRS control in pig farm. Supplementation of Thai medicinal plants for pigs is proposed to be an alternative way to improve immunological responses, especially the period after the PRRS immunization. From many reports, the combination of medicinal plants for dietary supplement had better results than that of solely plant, which is in agreement with Thai herbal wisdom. Therefore, mixed herbal dietary supplementation would be beneficial to control PRRS and other important viral diseases in pigs.

As the results of losses from PRRS, PED and PCVD, most of Thai pig farmers were paid attention for bio-security system, resulting in more able to prevent it through the various measures. They always concentrate on the bio-security via pig lorry washing, preventing disease from slaughterhouse, quarantine system for pigs and human and cleaning & disinfectant application in the farms. The most popular disinfectant used in the Thai pig farms are glutaraldehyde and quaternary ammonium compounds. In the future, there will be more concern for environmental impact from pig production industry. Hence, the medicinal plant extracts should be suitable for replacing chemical disinfectant use in pig farm, because of less environmental harmful and residues.

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Sustainable Pig Production The knowledge and technology exchange between UK and Thailand KMITL Central Library, Bangkok, Thailand 1-4 March 2016

O16 Development of vaccines for porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) Yaowaluck Maprang Roshorm

Division of Biotechnology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkhuntien-Chaitalay Road, Takham, Bangkhuntien, Bangkok 10150 Thailand E-mail: yaowaluck.ros@kmutt.ac.th

My current research focuses on development of safe and effective vaccine candidates for Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) and Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea (PED), both of which are economically important diseases in swine industry in Thailand and worldwide. For development of PRRSV vaccine candidates, the new vaccines are developed based on DNA-based and viral-based vaccine technology. For viral-based vaccines, replication-defective adenovirus and Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA)) are vectors of choice for vaccine delivery. With the aim to improve immunogenicity of the vaccines, different strategies have been employed for immunogen design such as targeting an immunogen to the subcelllular compartments involved in antigen processing and presentation, codon optimization of the immunogen genes, and expression of multiple vaccine antigens by a multi-cistronic gene. Immunogenicity of these vaccines will be first tested in mouse model and the promising vaccine candidates will then be tested for their immunogenicity and efficacy in pigs. For development of vaccines against PED virus (PEDV), because PEDV mainly infects enterocytes; therefore, PED is considered a mucosal disease. The goal of my research on PEDV vaccine development is to develop vaccine candidates capable of effectively inducing PEDV-specific immune response at the gut-mucosa. My current effort is development of a mucosal vaccine for PED using Bacillus subtilis spore for vaccine delivery to the gut mucosa. Recombinant strains of Bacillus subtilis have been successfully generated and the PEDV S1 protein, a vaccine immunogen, was successfully expressed and displayed on the spore surface. The future work is to investigate Bacillus subtilis-based vaccineâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s capability to induce mucosal immune response in mouse model.

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O17 Loose housing of sows during pregnancy and farrowing: how to get it right for sows, piglets and farmers Emma M Baxter

SRUC, The Roslin Institute Building, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK E-mail: Emma.Baxter@sruc.ac.uk

It is not unreasonable to consider designing housing systems based on the biological specifications of the animals involved, particularly given that they are the primary users of the system, closely followed by the stockworkers. However this concept is rarely applied due to managerial constraints (e.g. finance, labour, space) resulting in a compromise of the animalsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; biological needs. Confinement of the sow during pregnancy (sow stalls) and lactation (farrowing crates) are good examples of where a mismatch between biological needs and building design results in a welfare compromise which is a continuing focus for public concern. The EU-wide partial ban on sow stalls came into force in 2013. Presently there is no similar unilateral ban of farrowing crates, though there is growing societal pressure to abolish any restraint system. Producers are often reluctant to change with many citing valid concerns about loss in performance, increase capital, running and labour costs, and issues with operator safety. However, successful group gestation and loose farrowing systems have been designed that deliver high performance and high welfare without excessive financial trade-offs. Key to success has been recognising that allowing the display of species-typical behaviours contributes to the biological fitness of the behaving animal.

Biological fitness encompasses important economic performance indicators including; reproductive potential, number and quality of offspring produced, ability to rear offspring and viability of offspring. Thus promoting biological fitness via providing environments that satisfy biological needs can achieve high productivity, which is an obvious priority for any farmer. Sound scientific evidence about the physiological and behavioural needs of animals which are sensitive to the physical environment (e.g. establishing dominance hierarches, being able to perform nest-building behaviour) has been provided. Translating that information into design data (e.g. dimensions of physical space) for builders of livestock housing is the next step in developing successful systems.

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O18 Integrated swine waste management Wantamas Jantasin

Department of Animal Science and Technology, Maejo University 252 Nonghan, Sansai, Chiang Mai 50290 THAILAND E-mail: wantamasj@gmail.com

Waste management is my working area. My definition of waste management is not only waste treatment but on integrated animal production (breeding, nutrition, animal management, housing, environmental, eco-balance, composting, reduce greenhouse gas production) with waste management. Waste management should not only consider about waste treatment but also should thinking about farmer living and ecobalance of earth. I believe this kind thinking can really fulfill sustainable animal production. Ancient animal production always considered animal waste as a fertilizer and use for plant to produce food. The food can provided for human, animals and their excretion can use as a fertilizer. Modern animal production has too many animals in one farm then they need new way to dealing with them. Old time, these is not have so many animals they will not produce so many CO2, CH4 and N2O. It is needed to understand how much pig and manure produces these greenhouse gases and what is related to animal production and how to reduce these gases in the future. My planning is try to understand how much greenhouse gas produce in pigs with different weigh whether environment will cause them to produce more these gas or not. After this experiment I will try to work on a series experiment which can reduce greenhouse gas by nutrition, temperature and management. The present experiment try to understand how much CO2, N2O and CH4 will produce under different body weight and environment temperature.

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O19 Supply chain of pig in Thailand Thamrong Mekhora

Faculty of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkutâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Chalongkrung Road, Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520 Thailand E-mail: thammekhora@gmail.com; kmthamro@kmitl.ac.th

Thailand is the third pork producer in ASEAN and the ASEAN largest exporter to the world market. Over 50% of were commercial hybrid pig farms, growing 94% of pigs sold for domestic consumption and export with high quality and sanitation standards.

The supply chain of pig in Thailand includes the breeders, producers, slaughterers and processors. The Western breeders were imported and developed well with climate and concentrate feed original in the country. AT present, the producers are dominated by the commercial operations and specialized households. The most slaughterhouses, both private and public sectors, were standardized under the regulation of the Department of Livestock Development. Most pigs were slaughtered there before delivered the carcass to the meat processing units. The meat-processing sector improved with the introduction of foreign equipment and processing technologies. However, the traditional processing lines still applied traditional tools.

Along the way, traditionally meat processing was replaced more and more by modern one, especially in the large cities. There are two market channels through which finished hogs are delivered to slaughtering houses. In traditional fresh market, carcass is delivered directly to individual retail butchers. All part of carcass is edible, separated and sold different prices, while the modern commercial processing unit cut and well pack each part of the pork meat before shelf on the freezers in the supermarket. Pork meat products are also produced to maximize the shred. The pig supply chain is always affected by hog cycle every 3-5 years. Moreover, the cost of feed increases continuously while the price of pig is unstable. Finally, the outbreak of new disease and virus occurs regularly.

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Sustainable Pig Production The knowledge and technology exchange between UK and Thailand KMITL Central Library, Bangkok, Thailand 1-4 March 2016

O20 Abattoir management in small to medium enterprises in UK Rodrigo Nova

School of Veterinary Medicine and Science,University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus,LE12 5RD United Kingdom E-mail: rodrigo.nova@nottingham.ac.uk

The number of red meat abattoirs operating in the UK has reduced dramatically in the last three decades (from approximately 1,000 to less than 300), resulting in the throughput of large slaughterhouses increasing. Currently, nearly 80% of the red meat in the UK is processed by large (30-100 tones/year) and very large (>100 tones/year) abattoirs.

Regardless of the reduced market share that medium and small size abattoirs process, they do offer some unique selling points. For example, these facilities have a wider geographical distribution, potentially offering shorter transport times for the animals which could be beneficial for the welfare of the animals, often a selling point in the current UK market. Also, it could allow the abattoir to work more closely with primary producers in order to raise awareness of legal requirements, such as the clean livestock policy (setting out the standards for acceptable and unacceptable levels of cleanliness for cattle and sheep). However, complying with food hygiene and animal welfare legislation as well as producing the relevant documentation (standard operational procedures) is an increasing challenge for these facilities.

Changes in the meat sector in the UK have been partially driven by consumersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; perceptions and demands. For example, there is increasing interest in locally and ethically produced products which have helped medium and small sized abattoirs to continue operating. In addition to meat quality, the food safety is key and implementation of risk based programmes, such as the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point approach, are useful to achieve low levels of human health risk. Adequate quality and safety plans, management commitment and appropriate infrastructure will help small and medium enterprise to successfully continue in the business.

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Sustainable Pig Production The knowledge and technology exchange between UK and Thailand KMITL Central Library, Bangkok, Thailand 1-4 March 2016

O21 Is meat inspection suitable for the surveillance of animal health (AH) in the pig sector?

Carla Correia-Gomes C.1*, Smith, R.P.2, Eze, J.I.1, Gunn, G.J.1, Williamson, S.3, Tongue, S.C.1 1

Epidemiology Research Unit, Future Farming Systems Research Group - SRUC, UK 2 Department of Epidemiological Sciences, APHA Weybridge, UK 3 APHA Bury St Edmunds, UK *E-mail:carla.gomes@sruc.ac.uk

In England & Wales, ante and post-mortem (PM) data for lesions observed during meat inspection at the abattoir are recorded in the Collection and Communication of Inspection Results (CCIR) system. CCIR data are reported to producers but are not used systematically to monitor trends of specific conditions, nor to detect changes in disease syndromes. An advantage of using CCIR data for AH surveillance purposes is the high population coverage; a disadvantage is the lack of sensitivity. The voluntary BPEX Pig Health Scheme, BPHS, provides more accurate reports from standardised abattoir assessments of 12 PM lesions that reflect disease and welfare conditions of economic significance. CCIR data were compared with BPHS data, for respiratory and tail bite lesions, from the same period (August 2009 - May 2012). Additionally specific batches were compared in three abattoirs during four trials in 2013. Generalised linear mixed models were used to examine the data to detect significant differences on trends. Agreement between the two datasets, in the four trials, was evaluated using the correlation coefficient and the Kappa value, while significance was assessed using McNemar and paired t-test. There were approximate nine thousand BPHS pigs (from 2,543 premises) and 19 million pigs (31,578 premises) in CCIR. National temporal trend analysis showed an increase in respiratory disease in both datasets but seasonal trends and prevalence differed. For tail bite lesions, the temporal trend and seasonal patterns were completely different. In the four trials 332 batches were compared. The correlation of respiratory disease was low between the datasets as was the identification of positive batches for conditions such as tail bite. These results lead to the conclusion that, although routine meat inspection data has potential for animal health surveillance purposes it needs significant improvement to replace the BPHS.

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O22 Management for increasing value of carcass and by-products Chanporn Chaosap

Department of Agricultural Education, Faculty of Industrial Education, King Mongkutâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Chalongkrung Road, Bangkok 10520 Thailand E-mail: cchaosap@gmail.com

Research in the Carcass and Meat Science specialization is focusing on the ante- and post-mortem factors that affect carcass yield/grade and meat quality. Specific research investigations include examination of the effects of genetics and management on carcass yield, muscle fibre types, proteolytic enzymes and resulting meat tenderness; determination of muscle fibre types and post mortem proteolytic enzymes and how they affect meat quality. My area research is related to the workshop themes in the session of improvement of meat quality and abattoir management.

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O23 Meat quality Rutcharin Limsupavanich

Department of Animal Production Technology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkutâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, 1 Chalongkrung Road, Ladkrabang 10520 Thailand E-mail: rlimsupa@gmail.com

Quality has been defined either as a desirable property of a product or to produce a product to meet consumerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s specification. With different people or time, meanings of quality may change (Warris, 2006). Along the production chain, meat quality target can be different depending on the end users. Meat quality has been categorized into sensory, technological, nutritional, safety, and ethical quality (De Smet, 2004). Sensory quality is important at the point of sale and also when eating. Meat colour was acknowledged by many researchers to be one of the most important quality attributes influencing purchasing decision (Kropf, 1993; Glitch, 2000). However, upon consumption, tender, juicy, and flavourful meat is preferred (Glitch, 2000). While some consumers prefer high marbling meat, it might not be an interest for those who are health conscious. Technological quality, such as pH and water holding capacity, affects salable fresh meat properties as well as processed product functional properties. Although many people consume meat as their preferences without intention to obtain nutrients, meat has been acknowledged as an excellent source of proteins, B vitamins, and trace minerals. Safety of meat and meat products is certainly the most concerned by consumers. They will reject products which post health risks.

Recently, consumer awareness toward animal welfare and environmental sustainability has been increasing. These brought meat industry to pay more attention to ethical quality. There are many factors, pre and post-slaughtering, which affect meat quality. Each sector along the production chain from farm to fork, therefore, has a contribution in producing quality meat. At the same time, knowing their end users is necessary for producing the right meat quality targets.

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Sustainable Pig Production The knowledge and technology exchange between UK and Thailand KMITL Central Library, Bangkok, Thailand 1-4 March 2016

O24 Pre and post-mortem, effects on meat quality Tim Parr

School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom E-mail: tim.parr@nottingham.ac.uk

The main meat attributes influencing consumer choice are tenderness, juiciness and flavour but there are additional factors, such as drip loss, which affect processing and have an impact on consumers. The development of meat quality is influenced premortem as well as the processes that take place post-mortem. These can be dependent on the genotype of the animal. For example the “RN” genotype, which is caused by variants in AMP kinase associated genes, results in elevated muscle glycogen and consequentially meat with low post-mortem pH and high drip loss (Milan et al., 2000). There are also environmental effects which influence meat quality, such as nutrition and “stress”. Reduction of in muscle glycogen before slaughter, through stress, results in abnormally high post-mortem pH (Terlouw et al., 2006), potentially giving dark firm dry (DFD) meat. Beyond these clear examples there are pre-mortem effects which are more complex, for example the relationship between growth, protein turnover and proteolysis. The growth stimulated by the beta-adrenergic agonist growth promoters, or that seen in callipyge sheep, is associated with elevated activity of the calpastatin, the inhibitor of the calpain proteolytic system (Dunshea et al., 2005; Duckett et al., 2000). In post-mortem muscle this proteolytic system as a major role to pay in meat tenderisation, particularly the Calpain-1 isoform (Koohmaraie & Geesink, 2006). Calpain system activity is inhibited by high calpastatin which results in tough meat (Kemp et al., 2010). However other proteinases present in muscle, which are apparently active post-mortem, could contribute to tenderness (Sentandreu et al., 2002). The processes which enable the development of meat with good quality attributes are complex. Research has identified the significant components involved, but as with most complex traits it is the multiple interactions which make a definitive meat quality test very difficult to achieve.

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Sustainable Pig Production The knowledge and technology exchange between UK and Thailand KMITL Central Library, Bangkok, Thailand 1-4 March 2016

O25 Techniques in meat quality assessment Tim Parr

School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom E-mail: tim.parr@nottingham.ac.uk

It is difficult to assess quality meat as there are many attributes which combine to determine whether a meat product is high or low quality. Meat quality can be assessed by using a taste panel. Although this is essentially assessing what the consumer thinks about the product it is difficult to ensure that this assessment is quantitative and reproducible. For data from taste panels to be robust, members of the panel have to be trained to recognise and score reproducibly the meat quality attributes, the most important being tenderness, juiciness and flavour. Utilisation of a taste panel is expensive. As an alternative machine based methods can be used to assess meat quality. However these measurements are made to assess one attribute or are used to infer a potential effect. For example the assessment of intramuscular fat (marbling) will infer juiciness. The type of fatty acids in meat will confer flavour attributes along with whether the meat is relatively healthy (Wood et al., 2008). Of the three attributes the most variable component is tenderness (Koohmaraie & Geesink, 2006). A direct physical way of assessing this is by shear force using a Warner Bratzler method (WBSF) or a variant of this, such as slice shear force (Shackleford et al., 1999).

However this is very variable measurement requiring a large number of technical replicates (n=5-10). From the perspective of determining what mechanisms influence meat quality there are key factors which appear to be responsible and therefore the measurement of these can give insights in to the development of meat quality. Such factors are, glycogen content which influence post-mortem pH, proteolytic enzyme systems, particularly the calpain system, which are predominantly responsible for the development of tenderness, and the assessment of fibre type which influences the intrinsic nature of muscle and therefore meat quality.

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Sustainable Pig Production The knowledge and technology exchange between UK and Thailand KMITL Central Library, Bangkok, Thailand 1-4 March 2016

P1 The continuing search for control strategies for respiratory diseases in pigs Christopher Browne

University of West England, Hartpury College, Gloucester, UK. E-mail: christopher.browne@hartpury.ac.uk

Increasing human population coupled with growth in the global demand for cheap pork products has seen a rise in the number of pigs housed per unit, increasing the risk of multifactorial diseases, particularly porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC).

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, a respiratory pathogen affecting pigs worldwide is often involved in PRDC. Control strategies rely on a combination of management practices, vaccination and antibiotics. However, the increasing threat of antibiotic resistance means alternative control strategies are needed. The combined efficacy of three novel methods for pathogen reduction in pigsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; environment; titanium dioxide photocatalytic paints with UVA, silver ion solutions and UVC air filtration devices were investigated.

Twenty largewhite x landrace pigs aged five weeks were all intratracheally infected with M. hyopneumoniae and randomly allocated to one of four rooms (positive control, vaccination only, novel methods or novel methods + vaccination) with five pigs in each. M. hyopneumoniae and general bacteria in the environment and clinical signs of enzootic pneumonia (ep) were recorded throughout the five week experimental period and compared between rooms. Out of 144 swabs, only one viable M. hyopneumoniae sample was cultured from the environment during the experimental period from the vaccination only group. No significant differences in the quantification of viable bacteria from surface swab samples (CFU/ ml) (p = 0.98) or air samples (CFU/m3) (p = 0.47) were observed between the different groups. Vaccination of the pigs alone resulted in less coughing and ep-like lesions, despite them being experimentally infected with M. hyopneumoniae, highlighting the importance of vaccination as a control strategy for the disease. Although the novel methods did not reduce pathogen load of M. hyopneumoniae during the course of this pilot study, identifying alternatives to antimicrobials for the management of livestock diseases is still a research priority and further work into pathogen reduction in livestock environments is warranted.

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P2 Increasing the efficiency of phosphorus use in pig production, under resource limitations Stephen Mansbridge

Harper Adams University,Shropshire TF10 8NB United Kingdom E-mail: smansbridge@harper-adams.ac.uk

Plant based pig feeds contain significant quantities of phosphorus (P) in the salt form phytate. In this organic state P is only around 30% digestible to pigs, as they do not secrete useful amounts of endogenous phytase enzymes to release the inorganic phosphorus required for utilisation. Additionally, the phytate is considered a potent anti-nutritional factor with the ability to chelate many cations such as zinc and calcium into indigestible complexes which may also form cationic bridges to proteins, reducing mineral and protein digestibility. Inorganic P is therefore mined from the earth and added to pig diets to compensate for the lack of digestible P from plant sources. This is a very inefficient use of P since it is a non-renewable resource and costly to refine.

Recent strategies to improve the efficiency of P digestion from phytate have included transgenic animals able to secrete phytase enzymes in their saliva, fermentation of pig feeds and the inclusion of exogenous phytase enzymes from microbial origin. The latter strategy has proven to be efficient at increasing P digestibility in weaned and growing pigs to around 70%, at dietary inclusion levels of around 500 FTU/kg (1 FTU is usually defined as the amount of enzyme which liberates 1 micromole of inorganic phosphate from sodium phytate at pH 5.5 and 37 째C in one minute). A new approach of super dosing phytase to levels in excess of 1500 FTU/kg diet has shown growth performance benefits beyond that attributable to P release alone and is a concept for consideration to improve pig production under resource limitations.

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Sustainable Pig Production The knowledge and technology exchange between UK and Thailand KMITL Central Library, Bangkok, Thailand 1-4 March 2016

P3 Xylanase supplementation in feed reduces incretin and PYY levels in piglets Katherine May

School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom E-mail: sbxkm2@nottingham.ac.uk

The objective of this study was to find out if xylanase supplementation changed gut hormone production in newly weaned piglets. Experiment 1: 32 female Camb12 weaned piglets (8.8±1.38 kg) were assigned to two diet groups in period 1 (0-2weeks post-weaning; P1), a control diet (Co) and the Co supplemented with xylanase (XS).

During period 2 (2-6weeks post-weaning; P2) half the pigs were kept on their original diet whilst the rest were swapped onto the other, resulting in four groups. At the end of P2 the pigs were culled. Blood samples were collected and plasma was aliquoted and stored at -80°C for further analysis. A Human Metabolic Hormone Multiplex assay was used to assess the concentrations of PYY, PP, Insulin, C-Peptide and GIP in the plasma. The assay was carried out according to the manufacturer’s instructions and the internal controls were all within range. Experiment 2: 16 female Camb12 weaned piglets (9.2±0.95 kg) were assigned to the same two diet groups as in experiment 1 (Co and XS). After P1 the pigs were culled and blood samples taken as in experiment 1, however protease inhibitors were added to the collection tubes so more gut hormones could be analysed (Amylin, Ghrelin and GLP-1). The data were tested for normality and analysed with the appropriate parametric or non-parametric test, significance was accepted at P<0.05. In experiment 1 XS in P1 tended to decrease plasma Insulin and C-Peptide concentrations (P=0.071 and P=0.059); whereas in P2 XS significantly decreased plasma PYY concentrations (P=0.008). In experiment 2 XS significantly decreased plasma GIP (P=0.013) and GLP-1 (P<0.001) concentrations.

Xylanase supplementation effects the production of gut hormones, but not all, when immediately given to piglets post-wean. The effect is dependent on the length the enzyme is supplemented as different hormones were affected between P1 and P2.

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Sustainable Pig Production The knowledge and technology exchange between UK and Thailand KMITL Central Library, Bangkok, Thailand 1-4 March 2016

P4 Characterization of migratory and gonadal porcine primordial germ cells Haixin Zhang

School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom E-mail: Sbxhz2@nottingham.ac.uk

Primordial germ cells undergo an orchestrated developmental program prior to establishing the mature gametes. Most of our knowledge on PGC development stems from studies in mice, however recent studies in humans revealed important differences in the mechanisms of PGC development. Since pigs share many embryological features with non-rodent species, like humans, and human PGC can only be studied from early gonadal stages, we have used pig embryos to study the developmental program of PGC from their inception until they reach the gonad.

Aspects investigated include transcriptional regulation and epigenetic regulation.

Embryos collected between days 16-70 were sectioned and stained for a panel of markers used to identify PGCs as well as to establish their epigenetic features. Early migratory PGC were identified by expression of Blimp1, AP2g, Sox17, Nanog and Oct-4, and absence of Sox2. These cells show reduced levels of DNA methylation (5-mC), which was consistent with low levels of Dnmt3a and UHRF, and increased levels of 5hmC and tet-1. In gonadal PGCs, 5-mC and 5-hmC are both very low/absent in male and female PGC. H3K9me2 is absent/low in migratory PGCs and increases in gonadal PGC, although it remains lower than in somatic cells. H3K27me3 is detected in migratory PGCs and decreases in gonadal PGCs compared to somatic cells. Histone H2A.Z is detected in migratory PGCs, and the signal increases in late gonadal stages.

This systematic characterization of porcine PGCs identified important differences in the program of germ cell development compared to mice, and similar patterns of gene expression and epigenetic marks to those reported for humans.

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Sustainable Pig Production The knowledge and technology exchange between UK and Thailand KMITL Central Library, Bangkok, Thailand 1-4 March 2016

P5 Use of fibrolytic enzymes from spent mushroom substrate to improve feed utilization for sustainable swine production Wanaporn Tapingkae1*, Sureerat Thuekeaw2, and Mongkol Yachai2 1

Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200 THAILAND 2 Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Maejo University, San Sai, Chiang Mai 50290 THAILAND *E-mail: wanaporn.t@cmu.ac.th

Enzymes are used in swine nutrition to promote growth and efficiency of nutrient utilization and reduce nutrient excretion. Commercial enzymes as a feed additive are not sustainable in terms of costs. Many basidiomycetes are edible mushrooms whose industrial production generates significant amount of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) with residual high levels of fiber-degrading extracellular enzymatic activities.

The enzyme activities of SMS extracts from 11-edible mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus, Auricularia polytricha, Boletus edulis, Clitocybe sp., Garnoderma lucidum, Lentinus edodes, Pleurotus cystidiosus, Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus sajor caju, Pleurotus sajor eous, and Volvariella volvacea) were evaluated in vitro. Among edible mushrooms, remarkable high fibrolytic enzymes activities were found in P. ostreatus. Therefore, P. ostreatus was further studied for their ability to grow and produce fibrolytic enzyme using corn by-products as substrate including corn cob (CC), corn stalk (CS), and corn husk (CH) compare with sawdust (SD). The highest biological efficiency (26.98%) of P. ostreatus was found on CS. After first flash, the highest activities of cellulase, endoglucanase, and xylanase of SMS using CS were detected at both pH 3 and 6.8 (55, 321, and 27 U/g for pH 3; 286, 323, and 322 U/g for pH 6.8, respectively). The highest laccase activity was found on 15th day of cultivation on sawdust as substrate (150 and 132 U/g for pH 3 and 6.8, respectively). Furthermore, SMS supplementation showed higher in vitro digestibility and nutrients utilization compared with basal diet and twocommercial fibrolytic enzymes (P<0.05). The study showed that P. ostreatus can be successfully cultivated on corn by-product substrates and their SMS can be applied as enzyme in the animal-feed industry. However, the formulation of the diet of swine feed which includes SMS is not an easy task, as one must take into account factors like stage of animal development, mushroom strains, nutrition level of the SMS, cell wall component, digestibility and voluntary intake.

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Sustainable Pig Production The knowledge and technology exchange between UK and Thailand KMITL Central Library, Bangkok, Thailand 1-4 March 2016

P6 Production of viable cloned miniature pigs by aggregation of handmade cloned embryos at the 4-cell stage production Chawalit Siriboon1, Chin-Fu Tu2, Michel Kere1, Ming-Sing Liu2, Hui-Jung Chang2, LinLin Ho2, Miao-En Tai2, Wen-Der Fang2, Neng-Wen Lo3, and Jyh-Cherng Ju1,4,5 1

Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuokuang Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan, ROC Recent address; Faculty of Agriculture, Ubonratchathani University. 34190 Thailand 2 Animal Technology Institute Taiwan, 52 Kedung 2 Rd., Ding-Pu LII, Chunan, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC 3 Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Tunghai University, 181, Sec. 3, Taichung Harbor Rd., Taichung 407, Taiwan, ROC 4 Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuokuang Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan, ROC 5 Correspondence: Dr. Jyh-Cherng Ju, Professor E-mail: chawalit.s@ubu.ac.th

The objective was to improve the quality of handmade cloned porcine embryos by multiple embryo aggregations. The aggregated (3×) group had a better blastocyst rate (73.6%, P < 0.05) compared to the control group (35.1%), but was not significantly different from the 2× group (63.0%). Total cell numbers differed among treatments (P < 0.05), with the greatest cell numbers (126) in the 3× group and the lowest (55) in the control. The ratio of ICM/total cell number in the 2× group (25.1%) was comparable to that in the 3× groups (26.1%); both were significantly better than that in the control group (15.3%). Proportions of apoptotic cells in 2× (2.7%) and 3× (2.2%) groups were also lower (P < 0.05) than in the control (4.7%). Expression levels of Oct4 and Cdx2 genes were higher and Bax was lower (P < 0.05) in the 3× group than in the nonaggregate group. Seven piglets were born to two surrogate mothers after embryo transfer of 3× aggregate blastocysts. In conclusion, aggregated embryos had greater total cell numbers, better pluripotency gene expressions, yet lower pro-apoptosis gene expressions; collectively, these facilitated cloned embryo development to term.

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Sustainable Pig Production The knowledge and technology exchange between UK and Thailand KMITL Central Library, Bangkok, Thailand 1-4 March 2016

P7 Production of exogenous feed enzymes in swine nutrition Mongkol Yachai

Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Maejo University 252 Moo 8, Tambon Nongharn, Sansai District, Chiang Mai 50290 Thailand E-mail: mongkol_yc@mju.ac.th

At this moment, the prices of feed ingredients are high. The design of diets at the minimum cost without detrimental to the nutritional quality of feeds are concerns by nutritionists. Furthermore, the consumers are increasingly concerned about drug residues in meat products. My research area is focus on the development of exogenous enzymes and antibiotics substitutes to maintain swine health and performance. Xylanase from Aspergillus niger FAS128 showed high specific activity to arabinoxylans, stability in conditions in the gastro-intestinal tract of the pig (pH 3.0 and 6.8, 39.5 â&#x2014;ŚC), and feed pelleting temperature (75 â&#x2014;ŚC). The addition of FAS128 in all pig diets resulted in higher in vitro digestibility of dry matter, crude fibre, ether extract, and ash than those supplemented with commercial enzymes. In 6-week feeding trials, weaned piglets fed with diets supplemented with FAS128 had a significantly higher productive performance. In addition, the protease from Bacillus sp.

FAS001 was also determined with the same conditions. Both enzymes have the potential for use as feed enzyme supplement. Furthermore, phytase and lipase were conducted with the same manner on screening, production, and quality field test for monogastric animals. Lipase from Bacillus licheniformis TM317 improved average daily gain, feed conversion ratio, and the feacal Lactobacilli. Phytase from Bacillus subtilis TM233 increased the apparent digestibility of phosphorus about 50 percent and improved the productive performance of piglets. The fermented soybean meal (FSBM)

by Bacillus subtilis PN76 exhibited the antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activity and improved the productive performance of piglets. Various by-products including spent mushroom substrate (Cordyceps militaris and Pleurotus ostreatus) and coffee silverskin were found to be the potential poultry feed additive. Understanding the mode of action of feed additive especially in gastrointestinal tract is important for pig production under resource limitation.

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Sustainable Pig Production The knowledge and technology exchange between UK and Thailand KMITL Central Library, Bangkok, Thailand 1-4 March 2016

P8 The relationship between muscle fibre characteristics and meat quality of longissimus dorsi muscle of pigs Pattraphorn Patthararangsarith

Department of Agricultural Education, Fculty of Industrial Education, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520 Thailand E-mail: pattra.rang@gmail.com

This experiment was designed to investigate the histochemical parameters of muscle fibre, and to estimate the correlation of muscle characteristics to meat quality in 63 crossbred pigs (Landrace x Large White x Duroc). Samples of the longissimus dorsi muscle were taken to evaluate the meat quality traits and histochemical using a combined NADH dehydrogenase and myofibrillar acid stabile. ATPase reaction staining. Three muscle fibre types were detected, I, IIA, and IIB types. The results showed that type I, IIA, and IIB muscle fibre diameters were 40.12, 45.69, and 61.49 Âľm, respectively. For the percentage of muscle, the frequencies of type I and IIA were quite similar (19.93 and 15.98, respectively). Whereas, the IIB type presented the greatest proportion of muscle types (63.43). Fiber type was mainly related to meat quality traits among various muscle fibre characteristics. The pH24 was negatively correlated to those of T24, a*, and b* (-0.38, -0.36, -0.37, respectively). L* value also negatively correlated with pH1 (r = -0.35). For pH24 and T1 showed positively correlated to WBS (r = 0.28 and 0.30, respectively), whereas T24 and L* value were negatively correlated with WBS (r = -0.26 and -0.30, respectively). Moreover, diameter of type I and type I muscle fibre is positively correlated with WHS. The results suggested that pH values which reflect the early post-mortem metabolic rate are reliable parameters for prediction ultimate pork quality. The results imply that accelerated metabolic rate and poor meat quality could be partially explained be the decline of pH in muscle during early post-mortem.

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Sustainable Pig Production The knowledge and technology exchange between UK and Thailand KMITL Central Library, Bangkok, Thailand 1-4 March 2016

P9 Evaluating genetic variation underlying meat yield and quality in Thai indigenous and crossbred pigs Sajee Kunhareang

Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, 40002 Thailand E-mail: ksajee@kku.ac.th

Muscle growth is a critical trait in pig industry, as increased muscle growth results in increased meat yield. Consumer attitudes have recently been changed. The customer of pig meat have become more conscious of consuming lean meat products and have become more concerned about food safety, welfare and the environmental impact of production. Thus, the products of pig are concerned both in meat quantity and quality.

The challenge facing Thai pig producers are how to prepare the varied demands of the pig consumers while remaining profitable. Regardless of the market or ultimate use of meat, we need to have a better understanding of the genetic factors that affect muscle growth and development as well as quality of meat. Our understanding of the genetics of muscle growth has been improved by recent advances in gene technologies. This has allowed the study of individual genes and their effect on growth metabolism and survival in production systems. As a result, genes controlled meat production and qualities are considered. The objective of this study is an investigation of genes that appear to be involved in muscle fibres development and growth in pig, particularly indigenous pig in Thailand. Consequently, identification of remarkable gene related to muscle growth and implication of gene testing for growth will be developed and involved to selection programs.

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Sustainable Pig Production The knowledge and technology exchange between UK and Thailand KMITL Central Library, Bangkok, Thailand 1-4 March 2016

P10 Study of immunological response against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) using American and European live attenuated strain vaccines in commercial pig farm Sakchai Ruenphet

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mahanakorn University of Technology 140 Chem-Sampan rd., Nong Chok, Bangkok 10530 Thailand E-mail: rsakchai@hotmail.com

This experiment aims to compare the efficiency of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) using American and European genotypes live attenuated vaccines such as Ingelvac® and Porcilis®, and to determine the correlation of ELISA kit tests for antibody detection using LSIVetTM Porcine PRRS/EU-Serum (LSI-EU), LSIVetTM Porcine PRRS/US-Serum (LSI-US) and IDEXX PRRS X3 Ab Test (IDEXX). The antibody level of American strain vaccinated group was rather steady after 6 weeks post vaccination then increasing and steady until slaughtering. For European strain vaccinated group, was decrease up to 4 weeks post vaccination then increasing and steady until slaughtering. These data suggest that American genotype vaccinated group have a tendency better than European genotype vaccinated group in term maintain the immunity after vaccination, onset duration of antibody increasing and maintain high level of immunity until slaughtering. The correlation between LSI-EU and LSI-US compared with IDEXX, was showed in Kappa (κ) value as 0.9097, interpreted as almost perfect agreement. In addition, the degree of linear association between both LSIs and IDEXX were use a correlation coefficient as 0.513 (p≤0.01), indicated that both ELISA test kit was moderate correlation. The explanation for these results could be use LSIs as same as IDEXX ELISA test kit.

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P11 Sustainable pasture-based indigenous pig production system in Southern Thailand Thunchira Thepparat

Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University, 15 Karnjanavanich Rd., Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112 Thailand E-mail: charuay.t@psu.ac.th, tthepparat@gmail.com

Thai indigenous pig adapts well to a tropical climate. They possess the high fertility, good maternal qualities, and unique product qualities. In addition, they are perhaps more resistance to disease and internal parasite. Generally, Thai indigenous pig has been raised using low-input and poor quality feed in smallholder farms. In recent years, the population of Thai indigenous pig was gradually decreased due to the replacement by the exotic commercial breeds. Thus, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University will hold the breeding stock of Thai indigenous pig to conserve the genetic resources. The research area will be breeding improvement of Thai indigenous pig breeds raised on pasture and using lowinput condition in south of Thailand. Define the breeding objective for raised on pasture and using low-input condition contains (i) Identify and characterize in physical and economic terms of the Thai indigenous pig production (ii) Identify breed characteristic by phenotype and genetic characteristic for breed assurance (iii) Genetic evaluation of growth performance, reproduction, meat quality and disease resistance and (iv) Use the biotechnology method for the enhancement of pig breeding programs.

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Sustainable Pig Production The knowledge and technology exchange between UK and Thailand KMITL Central Library, Bangkok, Thailand 1-4 March 2016

P12 The use of anthocyanin extracts from pigmented rice brans and Etlingera elatior flower as food ingredient Vatcharee Seechamnanturakit

Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Nutraceutical and Functional Food, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla, Thailand 90112 E-mail: seevatcharee@yahoo.com

The research work aims the anthocyanin extract with their biological activities from two types of edible plants. One obtained anthocyanin from pigmented rice bran, another obtained this substances from red and pink hues of Etlingera elatior flowers.

From the pigmented rice bran research, waxy pigmented rice bran (Thondumbaidum, Dummor and Niawdangkarmrad) and non-waxy pigmented rice bran (Sangyod, Homkradangnga) were studied to determine the content of cyanidin 3-O-glucoside and peonidin 3-O-glucoside which compare with non-pigmented rice bran (Lebnok). In vitro method of antioxidant properties were also studies by using linolenic and ABTS•+ assay. The result revealed that cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (419.32±1.19 µg/mL) and peonidin 3-O-glucoside (26.74±0.15 µg/mL) in Dummor were highest than others. The inhibition of linolenic assay in Thondumbaidum (85.95±0.51%) and Niawdangkarmrad (84.12±0.79%) were higher than Dummor (83.75±0.50%), Homkradangnga (83.97±0.92%) and Sangyod (79.04±2.34%). The inhibition of antioxidant capacity by using ABTS•+ assay in Niawdangkarmrad was highest than others (96.75±1.41%). For the research of red and pink hues of E. elatior flowers, the water extract was studied the content of total phenolic, flavonoids and anthocyanin contents. For the second research, the contents of polyphenols in red and pink hues of E. elatior flowers were studied. This research has not completed. It will continue to study other experiments such as stability of polyphenol in temperature and pH effect and effect of polyphenol to antioxidant enzyme (SOD and catalase) on animal model. The natural colorant from E. elatior flowers and pigmented rice bran might be considered as functional food ingredient in both human, pigs and poultry.

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Sustainable Pig Production The knowledge and technology exchange between UK and Thailand KMITL Central Library, Bangkok, Thailand 1-4 March 2016

P13 Effect of dietary fat source of productive performance and chemical composition of meat in crossbred pig Korawan Sringarm

Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Thailand E-mail: korawan.s@cmu.ac.th

This study was performed to investigate the effect of dietary fat source of productive performance and chemical composition of meat in four line crossbred pig. A total of twenty crossbreed pigs (Duroc x Thai Native x PiĂŠtrain x Meishan) divided to three treatments. The first treatment was supplement with 5 % palm oil. The second was supplement with 5% Perilla oil and the third treatment was supplement with soybean oil. The result showed no difference in final weight, average daily gain, average feed intake and feed conversion ratio. For the chemical compositions of Longissimus dorsi, the moisture content of soybean oil supplement was higher than both treatment (p<0.05). Then, crude fat of Perilla oil supplement treatment found higher than palm oil treatment and soy bean treatment (8.73, 7.83 and 7.66 %). However, all treatment was not affected on crude protein and ash in meat. The lipid profile and meat quality are under analysis.

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Sustainable Pig Production The knowledge and technology exchange between UK and Thailand KMITL Central Library, Bangkok, Thailand 1-4 March 2016

P14 Enhance pig production capacity by reproductive efficiency boostin Chanathip Thammakarn

Department of Animal Production Technology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Thailand E-mail: little_swine@hotmail.com

Artificial insemination (AI) in pigs plays an important role for production management.

AI used as routine work in most pig farms in Thailand. Generally, success in fertility is depended on many factors including semen quality, service time, human skill as well as diseases and health status in farms. To obtain optimum litter size, boarâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s chill semen can be use 2.5 to 3.0 billion motile sperm in 75 to 100 ml of extender for use in cervical AI. Application of single or combined hormones can be used for enhancing the production capacity of gilts or sows. Some trials were established for evaluate the efficiency of several hormone on reproduction management. Interesting data will be present at the workshop.

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Sustainable Pig Production The knowledge and technology exchange between UK and Thailand KMITL Central Library, Bangkok, Thailand 1-4 March 2016

P15 Applying powdered fermented grass of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria as probiotics in weaned pig Kraisit Vasupen

Faculty of Sciences and Liberal Arts, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Thailand E-mail: ks_vasupen@yahoo.com

My research area was on nutrition of Thai native (Kadon) pig. The production of Kadon pig more cost effective through controlling feed costs may be enhanced. In quantitative terms, carbohydrates represent the major component of common pig diet. Our research found that pigs fed diets containing broken rice induced the highest digestibility for carbohydrates, protein and energy, but also had the highest ingredients costs. Cassava chips had produced the second highest digestibility, may be used instead of broken rice in order to reduce costs of diets to be used in pig production. Protein in the diet is also main nutrient, the Kadon pig which fed the higher protein level in diet tended to have better growth performance. From ours research, the optimal protein level for Kadon pig would be 18 % unit according to economical return. Previous research on feed additive, there were fed Kadon pig with fumaric acid seems to be higher in nutrient digestibility than pigs fed control. It would be that fumaric acid was modification of intestinal environment that increasing short chain fatty acid concentration and improve growth performance of weanling Kadon pig. There were add fresh mao pomace (FMP), remain as waste, contain organic acids (e.g., malic acid, citric acid and tartaric acid). It was found that FMP addition in the diets increased crude protein and decreased fat in meat of Kadon pig. There was add curcumin 0.2% in weaned diet for Kadon pigs were better effect on final body weight, FCR and feed cost for 1 kilogram of weight gain than pigs fed diet without curcumin (P<0.10). There were supplemented 0.2% and 0.5% dried lactic acid bacteria (DLAB) showed the improvement in term of ADG, FCR and decreased number of E. coli in intestinal tract of pigs. In addition, alternative feed resources for pig, grass silage is low-cost, easy to find in local area. Our research replace grass silage 5% in growing pig diet were increased feed intake, growth rate, nutrient digestibility of Kadon pig and was decreased feed cost. However, used grass silage more than 20% in the diet was decreased digestibility of nutrients and growth. The point of interest, it could be using high level of grass silage in pig diet by adding xylanase and cellulase from tomato pomace by Aspergillus niger.

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Sustainable Pig Production The knowledge and technology exchange between UK and Thailand KMITL Central Library, Bangkok, Thailand 1-4 March 2016

List of Participants

Pattaraporn Poommarin Pattraphorn Patthararangsarith Pred Evans Rodrigo Nova Ronachai Sitthigripong Rutcharin Limsupavanich Sajee Kunhareang Sakchai Ruenphet Stephen Mansbridge Suchatvee Suwansawat Supoj Singtosri Thamrong Mekhora Thunchira Thepparat Tim Parr Timothy Giles Vatcharee Seechamnanturakit Wanaporn Tapingkae Wantamas Jantasin Waranya Wongwit Watcharapong Wattanakul Yaowaluck Maprang Roshorm Yuwares Ruangpanit

Carla Correia-Gomes Chanathip Thammakarn Chancharat Reodecha Chanporn Chaosap Chawalit Siriboon Christopher Browne Emma M Baxter Haixin Zhang Irene Camerlink Jamlong Mitchaothai John Brameld Jos Houdijk Julian Wiseman Jutarat Sethakul Kamon Chaweewan Kanya Jirajaroenrat Katherine May Korawan Sringarm Kraisit Vasupen Mongkol Yachai Monthon Ganmanee Noratat Prachom Nuanchan Paraksa

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