MAArC AC5008 Studio Report AY21-22

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NEW INTERVENTION IN A HISTORICAL CONTEXT

MAArC AC5008 Design for Conservation AY 2021/2022, Semester 2

THE GOLDEN MILE COMPLEX

Studio Leader | Johannes Widodo Guest Tutor | Sri Saravanan

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Images © Individual Contributors, 2022 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means. electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without prior written permission of the publisher. The publisher does not warrant or assume any legal responsibility for the publication’s contents.

All opinions expressed in the book are of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the National University of Singapore.

A R T D I R E C TO R

Xu Xin

E D I TO R I A L D I R E C TO R

Annisa Fajriani

COVER IMAGE

© Xu Xin

L AY O U T D E S I G N

Annisa Fajriani Xiong Shuying Yanqing Yang

WRITERS

Hao Jiayue Xu Xin

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CONTENTS Introduction

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Part I : Research and Analysis Site Analysis

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Understanding the Values

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Proposed Conservation Scheme & Incentives

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Part II : Design Proposal Perpetual Permeability Annisa Fajriani

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E-Sport Centre Hao Jiayue

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One Golden Mile Complex Misra Ankita

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Parasitism and Symbiosis Xiong Shuying

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Transforming Past as the Future Xu Xin

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Up to an Unreal World Yang Yanqing

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Retrofitting the Golden Dream Zhao Zechuan

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Part III : Acknowledgements & Gallery

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INTRODUCTION The management of permanence and change is conservation.

The project for this semester is about a creative intervention on a historical place, with the primary goal of preserving significance. In Semester 2 Academic Year 2021/2022, nine students from the MA of Architectural Conservation programme at the National University of Singapore took the Design for Conservation module (AC5008). The Golden Mile Complex, one of Singapore’s most notable contemporary heritage, was chosen as the case for intervention. In 2021, the structure was officially designated as a conserved building. This private property was just placed up for communal sale. The Singapore Urban Redevelopment Authority, provided a package of incentives to make the site’s development possibilities more appealing to potential owners.

According to the studio brief, the intervention should convey the features of the site and area, such as historical, architectural, cultural, and social significance. The new role should be suitable and appropriate in responding to the local physical, social, and environmental settings of the current site/building and its neighbourhood. In terms of typology, material, aesthetics, functionality, and surroundings, the new design intervention or insertion should fit effectively with the existing built and natural setting.

Interesting programme and architectural solutions were produced by the students through the nine suggestions shown on the following pages, which consider environmental sustainability, social inclusion, architectural integrity, cultural authenticity, and economic viability.

The proposal’s goal is not just to preserve the structures, but also to consider the larger framework of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, particularly to establish sustainable cities and communities.

Golden Mile Complex was sold to a consortium for $700 million on May 6, 2022, shortly after the studio’s completion. It is a crucial milestone in the protection of Singapore’s twentieth-century modern legacy, as well as a vital step toward the realization of the Singapore Green Plan 2030 and a carbon-neutral future.

— Johannes Widodo Singapore, 17 May 2022

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SITE ANALYSIS

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GMC CONSERVATION CHAPTER 1 // PLANTING STUDY THE SEEDS REPORT FOR THE GOLDEN MILE COMPLEX

Cornerstone of Nation Building Singapore was largely constructed in the last 50 years - a period of intense industrialization and urbanization following independence that saw history almost completely erased in a determined pursuit of a new global city state.

Drawing influence from the “Linear City” proposals by renowned architects Le Corbusier and Soria y Mata, Singapore Planning and Urban Research Group(SPUR) championed the development of a high-density linear city model, with megastructures to house residences on the upper floors and vital functions at the ground level, And intended to be serviced by a Mass Rapid Transit Line and Pedestrian spine running parallel to Beach Road.

CHAPTER 1 // PLANT

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The Golden Mile Complex was conceptualized as a container of urban multiplicity, a prototypical ‘city corridor’. It formed the first component of a linear masterplan (unrealised) for Beach Road. The government was by large sceptical and suspicious of SPUR’s utopian proposals, with the team forced to disband in 1974.

The disparate pockets of land that private developers had acquired through the Sales of Sites Programme became the few testing grounds for these visionary ideals, one of which includes the Golden Mile Complex.

Figure 1. Aerial view of Golden Tower and Golden Mile Complex

Golden Mile Complex is a symbol of the architectural and engineering ingenuity of Singapore’s pioneer generation of building professionals, and encapsulates the people’s bold vision and imagination for vibrant, inclusive and high-rise living during Singapore’s nation building days.

Over the years, the building remains a distinctive landmark.

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Figure 2. An illustration visualising the future of Asian cities. (Source:65-67 SPUR) Figure 3. An illustration depicting the future of Singapore with dwellings stretching upwards and the area beneath are designed for varied public activities.

(Source:65-67 SPUR)

THE GOLDEN MILE COMPLEX

Figure 1.4 An illustration visualizing the future of Asian cities. (Source: 65-67 SPUR)

Figure 1.6 A 1966 illustration depicting the interiorised pedestrianised corridors of a linear megastructure, with a hung monorail system located along the left. (Source: 65-67 SPUR)

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The 16-storey and 89 metres tall building is located along the reclaimed Beach Road coined as the “Golden Mile” which gave the building its name. It was designed by acclaimed local architects Gan Eng Oon, William Lim, and Tay Kheng Soon of the home-grown Design Partnership (now DP Architects), and built by local developer and contractor firm Woh Hup. Golden Mile Complex was among the first public-private, mixed-use buildings of its scale in Singapore, and proved fundamental in setting standards for the nation’s modern architectural movement. A pioneering mixed use development (incorporating offices, shopping, entertainment and apartment living), proximities between live, work and play were to be significantly reduced.

Internal programming on the lower floors accommodated three storeys of commercial spaces with kiosks, coffee bars, a bank, department store, supermarket, 360 shopping units and office studios. To accommodate the various functions, the building took on the form of highly articulated steps atop a podium, with the podium containing most of the public spaces while the terraces accommodated the apartment units, replete with generous balconies and a panoramic view of the sea and sky.

Figure 4-7. (left page) 3D Modeling study.

Figure 8. (further above) Diagram of Golden Mile Complex surounding area.

Figure 9. (above) Historical section drawing. (Source: DP Architects’ website)

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UNDERSTANDING THE VALUES

T Y P E O F VA LU E

Aesthetic & Architectural

Figure 10. Aerial view of Beach Road

Figure 11 & 12 Vertical car parking

AT T R I B U T E S C O N S I D E R E D The design and style exemplify a unique architectural style, building typology, particular construction technique/ workmanship, and/or use of the building.

Building intactness and legibility. The character-defining elements include the form, scale, proportion, facade, materials (concrete & mosaic tiles), use, and layout.

Figure 14.Facade from Beach Road

The building is associated with the phase of nation building in Singapore.

Historical

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Emphasising a shift towards mixed-use development, and the rise of SIngapore’s economy.

Defined as the area’s landmark.

Contextual

The place is physically, functionally, visually, and historically linked to its surroundings.

Figure 13. Atrium in commercial area

Figure 15. Facade from Nicoll Highway

Figure 16. Aerial view of car parking

Figure 17. Golden Mile Complex

Figure 18. Golden Mile Complex

Figure 19. Golden Mile Complex

Figure 20. Ramp of car parking

Figure 21. Surroundings of Golden Mile Complex

Figure 22. Entrance of Golden Mile Complex

The place offers a source of identity, distinctiveness, and pride of a community.

The place is significant in the influx of thai immigrants associated with construction industry Communal & Social

The place provides a spiritual or traditional solid connection between the past and present.

The place is associated with the daily life of the general community in Singapore.

Extremely strategic location in the CBD area.

Economic

High repair and maintenance cost due to years of neglect.

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PROPOSED CONSERVATION SCHEME AND INCENTIVES The Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA) is proposing to conserve the main building in view of its historical and architectural significance.

The following incentives are available: • Bonus floor area for an additional 30-storey tower next to the main building within the site • This will result in a total Gross Plot Ratio of 5.6 for the site, a one third increase over the existing development intensity.(Gross Floor Area from existing 56000 m² to 81000 m²) • Partial development charge waiver on the additional floor area2 • Development charge waiver for the enhancement in value of the conserved gross floor area • Option to adjust the site boundary to be more regular • Option to top up the lease on the land to 99 years • Flexibility to adapt the building to a mix of possible uses.

The project deals with adaptive reuse of the existing block (Golden Mile Complex) integrated with the new 30th story tower block to replace the multi-story car park. The conservation project resolution shall fulfil the “five-in-one” principles: Environmental Sustainability, Cultural Authenticity, Social Inclusivity, Economic Viability, and Architectural Integrity.

Figure 23. (left) Aerial view of the plot.

Figure 34. (right) Top view photo of the multi-storey carpark.

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Multi‐storey car park HERITAGE + CONSERVATION

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PERPETUAL PERMEABILITY — Interweaving voids into a massive linear structure Changes take place, people transform,

Annisa Fajriani

events happen, and building materials wear and tear. In my learning journey, I come to a realisation that the ‘afterlife’ is in fact the very ‘life’ of a building.

Following the past phases of imperfect design, incidental uses, and neglect, what’s left behind Golden Mile Complex now are disconnected spaces - isolated and struggle to survive.

This project aims to improve the living quality while balancing its significant values and maximising its potential as a mixeduse development. The attempt was started by taking a macro lens in examining how the building is actually part of a bigger manifesto.

From swarm to the Golden Mile; a collage illustrating the national expectation when GMC was first built.

As a prototypical module from an idealistic architectural vision, Golden Mile Complex could have been replicated along the entire coastline to form a theoretically rigorous ‘linear city’, a self-sufficient megastructure. This design combines straightforward structures and fluid openings, drawing inspiration from the building’s linearity and taking into account the organic and interconnected urban and social fabric of the historic Beach Road area. Immediate vertical circulations are inserted within the structural frame to break apart the massive scale of the building. The podiums of the complexes are reinstated and re-purposed as retailing spaces and landscape.

The conserved podiums are interwoven with the new 30 storey tower’s cascading terrace, creating perpetual permeability that enables the integration of the two structures with striking contrast. In this scenario, inhabitants with different needs can share the additional amenities with each other.

Aiming to pass this post-modernist heritage to the future generation, the design has included a scheme where the tower massing and terraced-profile are extended to the adjacent plot. It offers an alternative to mitigate the future threat of further new development by allowing daylight and air to permeate into the original building, and enhances its iconic architectural feature.

Snippets of GMC in 2022; in between air conditioning outlets, delicious Thai foods, to shady nightlife

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Re-imagination of Golden Mile Complex

E-SPORTS CENTRE — Combining heritage with e-sports At SDE4

Hao Jiayue

A vibrant place where every student works hard

Functional Analysis

Aerial view of the new tower and GMC

Track on outdoor platform A space for people to leisure, exercise, etc.

In 2021, Golden Mile Complex became a conserved building.

The greatest respect for a conservation building is not to leave it as a museum for people to admire; it needs people to come in and use. Therefore the function is very important, its function determines whether it will attract people or not.

E-sports is a form of competition using video games. It is becoming the most promising and fast-growing form of sports in the world. The professionalisation of esports has become an irreversible trend, especially in 2017, when e-sports became an official sport.

Singapore is emerging as a force in e-sports. The government strongly supports the development of e-sports. Now, in view of the covid-19 global pandemic, the popularity of e-sports is growing explosively. Thus comes to my programme to the new tower--esports centre.

The function of new tower includes e-sports related retail, e-sports competition, team training, player dormitory and esports themed hotel. Meanwhile, the old GMC will retain its original functions, retail, office and residential. In addition, I’d like to add conventional sports to the gmc, the conventional function can be a echo to the esports. What’s more, nowadays, everyone pursues a healthy lifestyle, as a result, I want to design some larger space for physical exercise. I also design two tracks, one is indoor, another is outdoor. Then people who is working or living here can do exercise without go outside.

Esports mainly serves young people and will become a place where young people gather, they can inject vitality to both new and old building. Our aim in heritage conservation is to ensure that the next generation will still be able to appreciate what we consider to be a valuable building.

Additionally, the esports center also has its social significance, it can be an export and dissemination of the idea that e-sports is not equal to playing games.

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1.Retail(food&esports related)

2.Conventional sports

3.Office

4.Residential

5.Esports competition

6.Team training

7.Esports player dormitory

8.Esports themed hotel

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ONE GOLDEN MILE COMPLEX — System integrated approach for mixed-use development at conserved Golden Mile Complex Nature is a symphony - where

Misra Ankita

architecture is the acoustic, and heritage is the perfect setting to enjoy the music. I aspire to conserve this ensemble for the generations to follow.

Conservation of Golden Mile Complex provides an opportunity to unravel the true potentials of reusing modern buildings built during the post-war era in Singapore. The architects’ vision of forward looking planning of ‘city within a city’ is realised through grid layout of monolithic structure spanning across 16 floors comprising of unique stepped terrace form overlooking the Kallang basin.

One Golden Mile Complex enables the conserved built form to be passed on for future generations through the new office tower breathing life into it. The proposed design of the new wing - former car parking lot, is a supplementary boost to the conserved building.

Informative Collage of Golden Mile Complex -Golden Mile Complex has evolved through the years from pioneer in moder construction to easy entertainment hub. Some of the elements that define the significance of GMC have been through evolution in time.

Embodied with design ideologies as envisioned for GMC, the new office tower aims to pioneer growth and integrated sustainable development by introducing biophilic design in high rise structures. Inter-connectivity between the two wings allow for seamless transition while also creating bufferspaces enabled with free-standing kiosks. The breakout areas also serve as cultural exchange through food and mix media highlighting the relation of thai immigrants with Golden Mile Complex since its inception.

The heritage value of the conserved building is reinstated by creating focus on its versatile grid-layout. The floor area of the retail spaces are increased to accodomodate present day demands, and co-living spaces are introduced on upper levels which will respect the value and highlight the signifincace of the building with more care.

Value assessment of Golden Mile Complex - based on identified criterion affecting the significance of place

The proposed design is an attempt in addressing the issues for a sustainable future by acknowledging the values of our shared heritage of the past. With focus on volunatary carbon offset in new office tower, it prepares for more robust response to carbon emission and mitigation strategies at grassroot level - by the people.

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PARASITISM AND SYMBIOSIS — Exploring the relationship between new buildingand conservation buildings GMC, letting A history story listener,

Xiong Shuying

an art enthusiast

Issue: Insecurity of old buildings,Single and small group of users,Accessibility decentralised management system, not enough economic support to renew it

The GMC was formerly an important space for Thai immigrant life, it tooks on the role of a hub space, it was not only a transport point but also provided a lot of information and opportunities for work, it was more of a reception node .

Therefore, for the new section I think the highest priority is to balance the economic benefits and provide the possibility for more people to visit and thus enliven the area. So the relationship between the new building and the GMC should be a parasitic and symbiotic one. The new building draws on the architectural, cultural and social values of the GMC, while the GMC draws on the economic and human flows of the building.

They are interdependent and grow together.

The new building is designed as a resort centre, which acts as a living room for the GMC, attracting visitors and promoting visits to the GMC, where people can come to relax, and have fun. The government also wants more visitors to come, especially under the epidemic.

In addition, the proceeds from the entire building and especially the gambling centre can be used to maintain the GMC. Moreover, different types of hotels have been created to meet the needs of people on holiday, such as the GMC for longterm stays and the new building for short-term stays, with associated recreational activities such as high-end shopping malls, art auction galleries and so on. You can spend a few hours here or a longer stay in the flats above the GMC.

Explore the relationship between the new building and the Golden Mile Complex

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TRANSFOMING PAST AS THE FUTURE -- Historical building features as the core of the extension building Strive to discover the beauty in life

Xu Xin

Activate new thoughts and experiences from architecture

With the unblocking of control policies in the face of the epidemic,employees return to the office and more international companies open stores or strengthen their operations in Singapore. the demand and requirements for office space are on the rise .and Singapore’s office supply in the CBD area has further tightened. So the rental prices have rebounded and increased significantly. In the potential place of the complex, with greater design flexibility, choose to increase the office space to achieve stable long-term interest income, which in turn activates the sustainable development and vitality of the overall building protection.

Little India Walking tour Treat the city as a museum of architecture and understand Singapore during walking

Studio Photos with prof Widodo and Nikhil

Golden Mile Complex has been hailed as one of the finest examples of Brutalist architecture in Singapore. It features terraced floor slabs, slanted beams, towering columns, staggered staircases and one void was meant to extend skywards from the atrium floor. All this generated exciting spatial experiences and architectural value is the highest value.

The extension of the complex is through transforming complex architecutral features as the core.Drawing parallels with Modernist era buildings, a soaring atrium is reintroduced.

An urban courtyard in the main tower, a celebration of space, form and light. Natural light filtered through the gaps between the office modules provides particularly dynamic lighting conditions which is similar like the GMC atrium space experience .

A. Present operation site

B. Potential

C. Volume

D. Dislocation

E. Connect

F. Extension

Besides the setback spaces formed in dif-ferent directions on the podium offer workers and the public with maximum visual connectivity with the buildings skin and bones as previously mentioned.

when first looking at GMC drawing

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1F

9F

15F

19F

23F

1.Reception 2.Lobby 3.Corporate cultural exhibition hall 4.Commercial restaurant retail

9.Low-zone Office

12.Mid-zone Office 13.Sky Garden

12.Mid-zone Office

16.High-zone Office

2F

3F

5.Shop 6.Stored

5.Shop 6.Stored

7.Canteen 8.Urban Farm

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9.Low-zone Office

13F

10.Gym

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11.Leisure Space

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12.Mid-zone Office

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12.Mid-zone Office

18F

12.Mid-zone Office

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12.Mid-zone Office

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22F

15.Meeting room

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25F

16.High-zone Office

13.Sky terrace 14.Sky Lobby 15.Meeting room

16.High-zone Office

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16.High-zone Office

0101 Plan PLAN

Stepped terrace of the GMC and tower and make connection in office function

02 02 Connection Connection

Using the historical building feature and Form a harmonious proportion with the complex

0404 terrace SkySkyterrace

05 05 natural light and wind AtriumAtrium withwith natural light and wind

Stairs in the commercial and office space and bring more people from the ground

Urban farm at 4F, Sky terrace at 13F & 21F Interior courtyard.Plantations from 13F to 20F

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03 03 From & Proportion From & Proportion

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FlowFlow

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UP TO AN UNREAL WORLD -- Wandering in Golden Mile Complex area Yang Yanqing

Yang Yanqing

Architecture Student Love Fun

Concept Collage -- Exploration

Function & Circulation

The GMC is a place to explore, with different spaces for people to experience different activities everyday. Exploration has therefore been used as a theme in the new building, which is not only about spatial versatility, but also about functional activities. Functionally, the new building includes an immersive theatre, a hotel, a sky terrace, an exhibition hall, and a mall.

From bottom to top the building takes people out of the real world, goes into a performance. Each part of the new building is connected to the corresponding functional floor of the GMC which retains the mall and converts the fourth floor into a new food court, while changes the residential area into apartment hotel connecting to the new hotel. Two sides form a new GMC area. The new building follows the GMC’s characteristic stepped form, with the steps spiraling upwards. The steps partly pushing in to form balcony spaces and partly pulling out to make the whole building more spatially interesting.

The spiraling circular trend is also reflected in the spatial flow, forming a loop on each floor. At the same time, each functional area has its own circulation core, and all spaces are interconnected and relatively independent.

The mall consists mainly of staggered platforms, the gaps in between creating airy spaces and enhancing depth. The spaces of the exhibition hall rotate upwards to form both open spaces and closed dark spaces. The immersive theatre introduces a story set in the hotel, so the performance area shapes an enlarged hotel room. The audience moves with the actors, becoming part of the story as it develops and immersing themselves in the actors’ performances.

Concept Diagram -- Following the steps and spiraling up

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MALL & EXHIBITION HALL

HALL PLAN

STANDARD FLOOR PLAN

Hotel

FLOOR ANALYSIS

STRUCTURAL DIAGRAM OF MALL

SECOND FLOOR PLAN 1:250

FOURTH FLOOR PLAN 1:250

SEVENTH FLOOR PLAN 1:250

AXO DRAWIING OF EXHIBITION HALL

Sky Terrace HERITAGE + CONSERVATION

Immersive Theatre

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RETROFITTING THE GOLDEN DREAM — Immigration settlement in Singapore An architecture enthusiast

Zhao Zechuan

The Golden Mile Complex is one-sided, stepped reinforced concrete megastructure located at the eastern fringe of central Singapore, on a 13,530 sqm parcel of land released during the first generation of private land sales in Singapore.

The pioneering strata-titled, mixed-use development was one of the earliest developments completed within the Golden Mile District, Singapore’s ambitious global city-making project of the 1960s and 1970s.

Despite the high value of the building, there are problems with the premises and the internal social structure. The building known as Little Thailand does not serve as a platform for multiculturalism, but is increasingly seen as a closed and isolated urban slum. The project explores the meaning of diversity in today’s society and the possibility of transforming the building into a centre for immigrants. It involves the question of how to preserve its symbolic meaning - a platform for multiculturalism - while transforming the complex into a socially and economically sustainable community.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to thank Ar. David Liauw, Ar. Chan Hui Min, Ar.Catherine Loke, and Sabine Pauli for visiting our studio as reviewers during the design review sessions and sharing their knowledge and experience with us all.

Also thanks to William Bertram Hulbret and our friends from INDA Chulalongkorn University for the constructive sharing on our mutual site during the design process.

And most importantly, we would like to thank Johannes Widodo and Sri Saravanan for their guidance and assistance in our studies.

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Annisa Nikmah Fajriani

Misra Ankita

Chen Zhuolin

Xu Jiaqi

Hao Jiayue

Xiong Shuying

Scan here for MAArC’s website

Xu Xin

Yang Yanqing

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Zhao Zechuan

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