94 Main Street - Brief House History

94 Main Street NANTUCKET

A House History

94 Main Street

94 Main Street faรงade, c. 2014, courtesy Susan A. Lee Photography

A House Genealogy 94 Main Street

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VERY HOUSE HAS A HISTORY TO TELL, including 94 Main Street, one of the grandest of the ­historic homes on-island. Known affectionately as one of the Two Greeks, this stately house was c­ onstructed in the Greek Revival style and completed in 1847. The building of the house must have been an optimistic sign to islanders at a time when the whaling economy was suffering and the Great Fire had just destroyed a large portion of the town. The house was the last true mansion constructed by a prosperous whale-oil merchant.

William Hadwen had built the other Greek house next door for himself and his wife, Eunice Starbuck, a year earlier, and appears to have refined the design to include domed spaces and more elaborate detailing. Local lore has it that the house was a gift for Mrs. Hadwen’s niece, Mary Swain, and George Washington Wright, a Boston merchant who had married Mary in May of 1844 at the Unitarian Church. Hadwen retained ­ownership, but the house became known as the Wright Mansion, and it was soon filled with children, including Eunice, born in 1847; George W. Jr., born in 1848; and William, born in 1849.

The Wrights’ tenure at the house was short-lived. ­Perhaps the rapid decline of Nantucket’s economy or the ­California gold rush lured George Wright to San Francisco in 1849. He would become one of the leaders of the California ­territory, and when it became a state in 1850, he was among its first representatives in Congress.

Family members Eliza and Nathaniel Barney took up ­residence in 94 Main in the late 1850s and stayed on there into the 1860s. Barney was Hadwen’s business partner and Eliza Barney and Eunice Hadwen were sisters. C ­ ­ oincidentally, the two sisters lived across Main Street from their three brothers, Joseph, William, and Matthew Starbuck, who occupied the Three Bricks.

The Barneys were outspoken advocates for the leading ­issues of the day, which included the abolition of s­ lavery, woman ­suffrage, and the temperance movement. They are ­probably best known, however, as the keepers of early family records. Their work still serves as the major source for genealogical research on-island.

William Hadwen

It was not until William Hadwen’s death in 1861 that the house came into legal possession of the Wright branch of the family, but Hadwen included a stipulation in his will that Nathaniel and Eliza could remain there for as long as they chose. Nathaniel died in 1869, and in the early 1870s Eunice would build her own architecturally imposing Main Street house—the large blue Victorian at 73 Main.

The Wright Mansion remained in the family until 1882 when it was sold to Isabella M. Coffin, wife of Allen Coffin, an avid newspaperman who later earned a law degree from Columbia and returned to the ­island to practice. Coffin was also a prolific author and genealogist who published an extensive history of the Coffin family in 1881. Coffin was long associated with the Prohibition Party, serving as its chairman and running as the party’s candidate for governor of ­Massachusetts in 1896. Locally he served four terms on the Board of Selectmen.

Eliza Starbuck Barney

Allen Coffin

In 1907 Coffin sold the house, to Eben Moore Flagg, a dentist and world traveler who served as honorary consul of Paraguay. Dr. Flagg was no stranger to Nantucket; his father was the well-known American artist George W. Flagg, who summered here, and his uncle, William Flagg, developed ‘Sconset’s north bluff and constructed the first cottage near the lighthouse, called Flaggship. Eben set up his “modern” dental practice at 94 Main and resided there with his English-born wife, Henrietta, and daughter Louise. Curiously, his advertisements for his practice in the Inquirer and Mirror in the early years of the twentieth century note his former residence as 61 Fifth Avenue, New York, and his fluency in German, Portuguese, French, and Spanish. Henrietta held the house until her death in the 1920s, leaving it to three women she had befriended, including Anna Ward, formerly of the Ships Inn Grill Room, who served tea, lunch, and dinner in the “Old Wright Mansion” for a few years in the 1920s. The house was in poor repair, however, and debt forced a mortgagee sale. In 1927, the property was sold to banker Leopold Chambliss and his wife, Anna Yerkes Chambliss, of New Jersey.

Anna ­retained the house after the Chamblisses divorced in the 1950s, and in 1962 it was sold by her children to John A. and Katherine (Tatina) Sherman Lodge of Brookline. Like several preceding owners, John Lodge was an a­ ttorney who worked in Washington, D.C., and Boston, and Tatina was a well-educated woman who grew up in Venezuela as the daughter of a geologist and crude-oil explorer. During the fifty-two-year Lodge ­ownership, their stewardship of the property and a love for the ­island’s history was evident.

John and Tatina Lodge dressed in costume for the Town’s centennial celebration.

Stairway at 94 Main Street by Edgar W. Jenney (1869-1939), circa 1935

ARCHITECTURE The Hadwen-Wright house was completed in 1847 and is considered the finest and most lavishly decorated examples of Greek Revivalstyle domestic architecture on Nantucket. The house was designed and constructed by Frederick Brown Coleman (1791–1852), a local builder/architect who also designed Hadwen’s adjoining house at 96 Main as well as major public buildings such as the Ionic temple front of the Methodist Church (2 Centre Street, 1840) and the Atheneum (1 India Street, 1847).

The Hadwen-Wright House’s monumental temple-front façade is impressive and highly decorated, using classical details. The four massive fluted columns are crowned by Corinthian capitals and front windows have pediments with dentil detailing. The exterior elements are impressive, and the same level of sophistication is found in the interior, which is largely unchanged since its construction. Among the highlights on the first floor are the entry hall with its winding staircase, niches with statuary, molded cornice and door and window surrounds decorated with anthemia and foliate cresting; and the double parlor with similar plaster and woodwork as well as 1920 elements that are sensitive to the original design. Two unique rooms on the second floor have domed ceilings, as does the stairway’s circular landing. The space is framed by Corinthian pilasters in alternating bays containing doorways and semicircular niches that retain their nineteenth-century plaster statues, and it is crowned by a ribbed plaster dome that rises to a colored-glass oculus. The second-floor ballroom is divided into bays by Corinthian pilasters that flank windows and doors that support a massive cornice from which a plaster dome rises, resembling the dome of the stair hall, but much larger. Its oculus once opened to provide ventilation.

Today, the house awaits a new owner, but its rich history and the Lodge legacy will live on. The house is protected by a preservation easement that Tatina Lodge placed on the house in 2009 to ensure that not only its exterior, but its significant interior features, will be preserved for future generations. npt

Second floor ballroom, courtesy Susan A. Lee Photography

Front Parlor, courtesy Susan A. Lee Photography

Prepared by Michael May

Nantucket Preservation Trust

July 2014

Historic images courtesy of the Nantucket Historical Association

OWNERSHIP OF 94 MAIN STREET Land acquired from Heirs of Benjamin Cartwright to William Hadwen 1844 Merab C. Brayton and Julia E. Macy to William Hadwen 1845 Josiah Gardner to William Hadwen 1846 Estate of William Hadwen to Eunice Hadwen Wright

1861

Eunice H. Hinckley, wife of Charles A. Hinckley, to Isabella M. Coffin, wife of Allen Coffin 1882 Allen Coffin, widower to Eben Moore Flagg

1907

Eliza B. S. King, executrix of the will of Henrietta T. De Flagg, to Lillian H. Balcom, Anna Ward, and Grace B. Hastings 1926 Lillian Balcom and Anna Ward et al to Leopold A. Chambliss and Anna Scott Chambliss 1927 Leopold A. Chambliss to Jane Bellis to Anna Scott Chambliss

1951

Samuel W. Chambliss, Ann Scott Nevius, and Joseph B. Chambliss to John A. Lodge and Katherine F-J. S. Lodge 1962

Nantucket Preservation Trust Advocates, Educates, and Celebrates the Preservation of Nantucket’s Historic Architecture

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his brief history is an important contribution to the island’s architectural record.

Documentation is one of the ways the Nantucket Preservation Trust celebrates the more than 2,400 historic homes, farms, and workplaces that contributed to the island’s designation as a National Historic Landmark in 1966. By providing owners of historic houses, island residents, schoolchildren, and visitors a broad spectrum of programs and projects, we encourage the preservation of irreplaceable structures, architectural features, and cultural landscapes. Lectures, walking tours, house markers, special events, and publications—including the house histories and neighborhood histories—define our unique work on Nantucket. We hope you enjoy the history of this house, its past owners, and its place in Nantucket’s remarkable architectural heritage.

Nantucket Preservation Trust Post Office Box 158 • Nantucket, MA 02554 www.nantucketpreservation.org Copyright © 2014 Nantucket Preservation Trust

nantucket preservation trust Post Office Box 158 • Nantucket, Massachusetts www.nantucketpreservation.org