La Musawah - Issue 3

LA MUSAWAH the 3rd issue

DELAYING JUSTICE IS INJUSTICE.

EDITOR'S NOTE Shona Hyun Park

When I first started work on the third edition of La Musawah, I was thrilled and excited. Especially as I had a clear vision of the magazine. To write about something I was so passionate about seemed like a lifetime's opportunity. As I started to dive deeper into the magazine I realised however that it was a much bigger challenge than I had envisaged.

It was inevitable to encounter those who didn’t comprehend the necessity for gender equality in society as well as those who were against the idea and the very premise around equality. I was soon surprised by the number of people even in our community that held these ideas and was suddenly faced with the backlashes that this magazine could possibly stir. However, in the active process of writing the articles and endless researching, I realised that it was nothing to be afraid of but rather something that needed recognition. With a lot of people defining Gender Equality as a radical belief that people should be ashamed of, I realised that we had more work to do in this society and that this magazine could be a small but significant stepping stone towards a change. By change, I do not mean reading this magazine would suddenly change people’s prior beliefs in a heartbeat. Rather the change that could allow people to recognise the true meaning of gender equality, which is not expressing extreme hatred towards one certain gender but embracing both. Uniting the differences and acknowledging others for a fairer society and equal opportunities.

Luckily I was able to form a team with numerous students who were as passionate about gender equality as I was and they inspired me to embrace the minority voices hiding in the background. I truly hope that this magazine can be a medium and representation for girls and boys who are too afraid to stand up and voice their thoughts in their daily experiences of inequality. Hopefully, students can realise that gender equality is open to everyone, that it does affect every single person in this society and that it is not about oppressing one certain group in order for the other to feel superior.

Now looking back at the choices I made regarding this edition, I never regret voicing our thoughts into this lovely magazine despite the hardships that we had to encounter. This publication is so dear to me as something that also changed a lot of my perspectives on how I view the world and how I explore the topic of gender equality.

I hope you enjoy our third edition.

CREDITS Writers Harin Moon Regis Yang Seoha Han Joy Yejin Oh Jian Yeo Teddy Shin Chloe Kim Jiyu An Jeong Heum Na Shona Hyun Park Chandler Ahn

Editors Regis Yang Harin Moon Chandler Ahn Seoha Han

Head Illustrator & Design Harin Moon

Illustrator Chandler Ahn

Editor in Chief Shona Hyun Park

a message from NLCS Jeju students to

the local community and beyond.

Thank you to Dr.Gissane & Ms.Forster for supporting our publication.

Table of Contents 1. An Introduction 7 2. Viewpoints of NLCS Jeju Students 9-11 3. Intersectionality 13-14 4. Dilemmas in Gender Equality 15-16 5. Unnoticed Gender Inequality Seeped in Our Lives 17-18 6. The Political Representation of Women 19-20 7. The Stigma Around Feminism 21 8. Gender Pay Gaps in Sport 22-23 9. Difference Between Men & Women in the Football League 24-25 10. History of Feminism - The French Revolution 26-27 11. Out of Fashion 28-30 12. How Prohibition Led to Women Empowerment 31-32 13. Teacher Interviews 33-38

An Introduction Harin Moon

Femininity is a complex quality originating in experiences typically exclusive to women. While femininity is frequently related to grace, strength, and resilience, we live in an uncomfortable reality where, to those who are tied to it, femininity comes with a plethora of societal disadvantages and an absent yet well-deserved sense of security.

I’m sure some find themselves pondering the reason why our population continues to turn a blind eye to the experiences of women, and why an omnipresent air of oppression towards minority groups continues on a systematic scale.

Is it simply human nature to discriminate against unfamiliarity? If coming to terms with our differences and embracing unity and equity is really in our nature as many claim it is, why has exclusion, ignorance, and conflict continued to exist from the very beginning of human civilization?

Critical thinking enables you to open your mind to issues that may not necessarily be your own, expanding your library of knowledge and nurturing your ability to view situations from a multi-dimensional perspective in the process. In terms of feminism, it’s knowing that the continued existence of an invisible patriarchy not only discriminates against women, but forces unhealthy stereotypes onto men while creating an environment where they feel it is unsafe to express themselves in any way other than the conventional image created.

The point is that it doesn’t matter who you are; whether you are a man or a woman, a woman who enjoys traditional femininity or one who prefers another way of self expression, someone with lots of experience or zero experience with femininity or being a woman, feminism is a movement which advocates for universal equity.

While it’s impossible to obtain concrete evidence to answer this question, a more abstract inference would be that the reason that discriminatory violence continues to this day is because we are still unable to address it as being wrong.

Radical minorities exist which have soured the perception of the word ‘feminism’, especially in Korea. While starting your reading of this issue with a pinch of doubt is wholly understandable, I implore you to keep an open mind as you continue, keeping in mind that the original Activism is effective, but only when it is loud or definition of feminism is not a fight for widespread. Activism is also uncomfortable. If the superiority, but a fight for equality. modern level of oppression seemingly doesn’t affect an individual’s world, why should said With this out of the way, please sit back and individual choose to address it, all while risking enjoy the third issue of La Musawah! All of our the condemnation of their opinion or facing writers, editors, and illustrators have put lots of violence themselves? In the end, it comes down to work into creating something equally two crucial aspects which differentiate a human informative and entertaining. This year is my being from an animal: empathy and critical first one writing and designing for the magazine, thinking. and I had a lot of fun.

Empathy is recognizing that, while an oppressive We dearly hope you leave this issue with some agenda may not be affecting you, it is a life-andinsight and an updated perspective on the true death matter for somebody- perhaps even a nature of feminism. massive population of people. It’s acknowledging that people have always overcome hardships

through unity and mutual assistance, whether the issue be minor or on a national or global scale.

♡

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In this academic year of 2021, we had some very diverse reactions coming from the NLCS Jeju student Facebook community regarding our society.

Here are some of the thoughts about Gender Equality and our responses.

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NLCS Jeju RESPONSES

I think in terms of equality in opportunity, women have more institutional advantages in the current Korean society. But exactly which parts do you think are still unequal?

If women have more quote-unquote institutional advantages in Korean society, why are there so fewer female politicians, women CEOs, women in power? There are only 3% of women in companies’ boards of directors in Korea, and that’s just talking about the influential women, people who probably already had the privilege of receiving a good education and more opportunities. What about other women, who weren’t born into wealth, or have a stepping stone to start out on? Of course, this also applies to men. This is why gender equality, we repeat for the hundredth time, is incredibly significant; the endgame is to render discrimination and oppression obsolete.

The part we think is unequal is this; the expectations around domestic labour, sexist views rampant in the media, glass ceiling, and domestic violence. What kind of institutional advantages exist to help women against these inequalities?

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NLCS Jeju RESPONSES

What I don’t understand is why women are considered a social minority. For example, if a woman has a higher rate of being exposed to crime, the reason behind it isn't misogyny, it’s because women are easier to physically overpower than men.

The primary reason why men commit some crimes against women is due to systematic misogyny which somehow normalizes violence against women as a common occurrence. Furthermore, the amount of crimes committed against a particular gender doesn’t matter when we’re debating about feminism—it’s about gender equality, not the let's-get-killed-inequal-amounts movement. Moreover, committing crimes against women because they are physically an easier target than men definitely cannot justify any acrimonious actions, and the fact that this was the first justification for violence against women which came to mind is a dangerous result of a patriarchal society on its own. This applies the same for the other way around.

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FEATURES

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Dilemmas in Gender Equality Seoha Han Y8

I’ll give you a riddle: What is invisible to someone who has it and is visible to someone who doesn’t? The answer is privilege. In a TED talk, a speaker spoke about a conversation between two women. One is black and the other is white. The white woman said that all women face the same struggles against patriarchy.

However, the black woman asked the white woman, "When you wake up in the morning and you look in the mirror, what do you see?" And the white woman said, "I see a woman."

Interestingly, the black woman replied that she sees a black woman. She said that race is visible to her and not to the white woman. “That’s how privilege works. Privilege is invisible to those who have it,” she said.

Gender equality is a controversial topic, but the recent emotional arguments on the topic are actually unnecessary. This controversy is just because the privilege is invisible to those who have it. We all should look at gender equality, not as men or women, but as humans.

Feminism becoming synonymous with man-hating + Feminism, or gender equality, is by definition the belief that men and women should have equal rights and opportunities. Therefore, gender equality is simply respecting human rights, regardless of their gender.

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Feminism has become an uncomfortable word because some people are confused about what it actually means. In fact, women do not wish to have power over men, but over themselves. Therefore, men are actually welcome to participate in discussions about gender equality without prejudice because it is, unlike what many people think, better for them also.

Some people think gender equality is only beneficial to women +

Who is gender equality for? In 1997, Hilary Clinton made a famous speech about women’s rights in Beijing. Unfortunately, many of the things she wanted to change are still true today. However, what is even more surprising is that less than 30% of the audience were men. If more than half of the people in the world do not feel welcome participating in debates about gender equality, it is going to be difficult for it to actually happen. Gender equality is furthermore better for men because their mothers, wives, and daughters can be free from prejudice and men can also be free from negative stereotypes. Thus, gender equality isn’t just for women.

The Abortion Debate +

Recently, Texas passed a rigid abortion ban.

The law allows anyone to sue anyone who helps a woman get an abortion. President Joe Biden described the law as a vigilante system. Under the international human rights law, everyone has a right to life, a right to health, and a right to be free from violence, discrimination, and torture or cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment. Abortion rights are not just women’s rights, they are human rights.

Sexist Expectations For Genders +

“Feminism is not about making women stronger. Women are already strong, it’s about changing the way the world perceives that strength,” said G.D. Anderson, an author and poet. Regardless of gender, we believe that people are free to be strong. Surprisingly, women are not the only ones affected by sexist expectations. Men are often seen as strong and unemotional. For example, there is an old Korean saying that men are only allowed to cry 3 times in their life: when they are born, when their parents pass away, and when they lose their country. We believe that men shouldn’t be subjected to ridiculous expectations about their emotional state. Both genders should be free to be sensitive sometimes.

Conclusion

There are many dilemmas in gender equality.

But the most important thing is that gender equality isn’t just for women. It is for humans.

We believe that all genders should have the right to be whoever they want. We all have the right to be free from prejudice. Society needs to understand that human rights should be respected regardless of gender.

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Unnoticed Gender Inequality Seeped In Our Lives Joy Yejin Oh Y8

I define gender inequality as providing different opportunities or treating people differently due to dissimilarity between themselves and others, simply based on their gender. These days, the rate of gender inequality within the world has remarkably decreased compared to the past.

Lots of things have changed; the proportion of women receiving doctoral degrees dramatically increased, men’s participation in households increased, gender stereotypes have improved, etc. However, unlike these significant gender inequality improvements, minor but instinctive gender inequality still exists within our society.

Firstly, online. For experimental purposes, I have tried googling the terms ‘women’ and ‘men’ in Korean, which are and .

Have a look at the result.

여자들

남자들"”

“Fig 1. Screenshot “

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남자들

“Fig 2. Screenshot “

여자들””

When you type ‘men’, pictures of men simply come out. However, if you type ‘women’, it claims that you should verify that you are over 19 to see the normal results. Inappropriate images for young people show up and lead us to the question ‘why?’.

Why only women? People say gender inequality isn’t a big issue these days, but all the stereotypes and racism are shown through small but distinct things.

Secondly, in the household. Have you ever been in a house where all your cousins, grandparents, aunts and uncles gather and have a joyous holiday? This is the typical holiday scene, whether it is the New Years or Chuseok. At first glance, this tableau looks jubilant and pleasing with everyone smiling and laughing together. As a matter of fact, that is only partially true.

According to ‘JOBKOREA’, 65.9% of the men get stressed due to holiday gatherings, and 74.0% of the women get stressed due to several different reasons.

One of the biggest factors of this stress is the elders’ nitpickings aimed towards those between the ages 19 and the 40s especially.

Out of the above-mentioned percentage of stressed individuals, both men and women are stressed of nitpicking from the elders, resulting in a stress percentage of over 30 from both genders.

According to ‘nownsurvey’, men usually get nagging about their career, profession, or salary. On the other hand, women are usually nagged about making a boyfriend or marriage, having a child, going on a diet, and so on. There is a certain difference between them.

However, close enough with the percentage scored for nitpicking, 29.0% of women are stressed because of house chores. Did you notice that women are almost always the ones who make the food for other family members on holidays? I certainly have noticed that every holiday. While men are having a chat together or watching TV, almost every woman in the house - mom, aunts, grandmothers - gets together and makes food in the kitchen. That explains the fact that 36.7% of married women are most stressed by nagging about making more food and staying longer.

These Korean words are some of the common words that are used in either boys’ school or in girls’ school mottos. In boys’ schools, ‘goal’, ‘independence’, ‘future’, ‘skill’, ‘challenge’, etc were used.

Contrastingly, in girls’ schools, ‘compassionate’, ‘share’, ‘cooperation’, ‘service’, ‘beautifully’, ‘women’, ‘love’, etc featured prevalently. Can you see the difference? These words are the words that are considered ‘masculine ’ and ‘feminine’.

These stereotypes should not be used across public and educational spaces like schools.

Girls have goals and futures, they can challenge themselves and develop their skills. Boys can be compassionate and sharing, they can love and they can give service. There are no words that can determine a characteristic of a gender.

Lastly, in school. Fortunately, NLCS Jeju does not have as apparent gender inequalities recognized by the students. However, in many Korean public middle and high schools, gender inequality is easily perceived in their school songs and mottos. Unequal features are especially shown well in girls middle/high schools and boys middle/high schools.

Bibliography

In conclusion, as you can see from all the examples I have given, minor but too many substantial gender inequalities are unseen, veiled by familiarity. I believe we should be changing these small inequalities first to work on more major issues of gender inequality.

추석 스트레스

Lee, J. and JOBKOREA (2021). ? [online] Futurechosun.com.

Available at: https://futurechosun.com/archives/56173 [Accessed 26 Oct. 2021].

받나요

Kim, K. and nownsurvey (2019). [ONE SHOT] , … “ .” [online] . Available at: https://news.nate.com/view/20190912n0317 2?mid=n1006 [Accessed 26 Oct. 2021].

추석 남녀 속마음 이렇게 다르다 스트레스는 잔소리 네이트 뉴스

한국여성정책연구원 교가 교훈 속 성차별 표현 여학교가 남학교보다 배 많아 “Fig 3. Table of mottos and lyrics from girls’ and boys’ school.”

Kang, M. and (2021). · , 2 . [online] Futurechosun.com. Available at: https://futurechosun.com/archives/56173.

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The Political Representation of Women Jian Yeo Y8

Women are discriminated against in many aspects of life, including a greater chance for men to become workers and not giving that many chances to women. Some people may believe or consider these things are a normal and ordinary situation in their daily lives, not really caring about how the women will feel a huge sense of discrimination. One of the major and most severe problems regarding the discrimination of women is the political representation of women. From a political perspective, there have been a myriad of issues concerning women throughout the years. They have not been treated the same as men in court or other political places.

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According to the BBC , a woman named Sean Nguyen believes that “male leaders tend to have more authority. It’s wrong and I’d like to see that change, but… we have to work within the system we exist in.” Women are desperate for a change in the world; however, the world has already established a culture of men who are stereotypically described as being much more powerful and trustworthier than women. Furthermore, the political scientist Ono stated, “Female candidates face a more difficult time figuring out what would be the good strategy to win the election or get more support from people, because deviating from gender stereotypes might be bad for women.

At the same time, conforming to gender The most crucial fact that people have to know stereotypes punishes them as well. So, it is that women were not given the opportunity to seems very difficult for female politicians to participate in decision making. Women were find the sweet spot when they plan their kept away from the decision-making tables, strategy.” This makes women express unable to show their opinions in certain themselves and stand out more in law courts situations, which may actually solve the or in other political meetings, creating a consequences. The prejudice against and scheme of the lack of representation that distrust of women are still continuing. Only 41% women can show. of the people living in Germany believed that a female head of government was very To take another example, Kamala Harris, the comfortable for them, in spite of Angela current Vice President of the United States, is Merkel’s lengthy time of chancellorship. Even predicted to become the United States’ highest though some women possess power, due to the ranking woman ever in history. However, culture people have of distrust in women despite numerous supporters’ leaders, they are enduring political underencouragement, she still constantly faces representation now. This further illustrates that criticism and distrust from some in her it is more difficult for women to gain political country and on the global stages where she power and stability. makes her speeches.

Kamala Harris stands up to this, arguing against accusations that she is “shameful” to people, and instead stating that “an epidemic” of discrimination against women and girls “must end”.

As aforementioned, it is extremely challenging for women to become politicians who can easily and comfortably speak out their opinions to the decision-making table.

There has been a lack of representation of women throughout the past years and they On top of that, recent research suggests that are being perceived as weak due to the female discrimination is getting much more culture of men being seen as more severe due to the covid-19 pandemic. People are trustworthy and high in credibility than currently coping with finding jobs and due to women. People can’t leave these problems the economic failures and decrease, women are until they become more serious; however, affected by job cuts and reduced working they must instead stop them and give even hours, thereby not being able to earn money as more chances to women, allowing them to much as before the pandemic. Same in politics, speak up for themselves. the number of women politicians have decreased because, as said before, the deadly cycle of women unable to represent themselves and their capabilities in political meeting points.

The UN says that due to the pandemic, it is easy for them to imagine a scenery where there are lots of empty seats around the decision-making table and where women have to face and overcome difficult challenges to get those seats.

Moreover, it is stated that women are putting themselves forward for elections more and more, yet their election numbers are still far behind the men. This became much more difficult as now, the pandemic is constantly becoming harsh and relentless.

Bibliography https://www.undp.org/blog/struggle-women-politics-continues https://www.unwomen.org/en/what-we-do/leadership-and-political-participation/facts-andfigures https://asiapacific.unwomen.org/en/focus-areas/governance/political-participation-of-women https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zpdc3k7/revision/6 https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20210108-why-do-we-still-distrust-women-leaders

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The Gender Pay Gap in Sport Teddy shin Y8

The Tokyo Olympics started a new era for female sports players in South Korea. We witnessed the endless fandoms and supporters of female athletes, especially in volleyball and archery. Despite this spike of fame, the reality that female sports players face is still devastating. Regardless of the players’ talent and the team’s accomplishments, the gender pay gap in the sports industry remains a major obstacle. Female players are the victims of gender pay gaps, receiving lower salaries, no matter how well they play. This is a clear obstacle towards gender equality, which must acknowledge both genders’ competence and potential in all fields, regardless of their differences and similarities. Therefore, the movement towards equal pay and equal opportunity in sports can be the first step towards feminism, which is empowering women and encouraging them to voice out and stand up for themselves in order to be aware of the difficulties they face.

According to the ‘Average Player Compensation per Sport, 2019’, male athletes in various fields, such as basketball, golf, football, and tennis earned 15% to nearly 100% more salaries than female players. This isn’t surprising to those who have witnessed women NBA players receiving 70 times less than their male counterparts and the US Women’s Football team’s lawsuit against gender discrimination. However, this is not a matter of talent or competitiveness.

In 2018, Kim Yeon Koung, a famous volleyball player in Korea problematized the discrepancies in salary caps for male and female athletes. As a matter of fact, while the salary cap for female athletes in the 2020-2021 season was 2.3 billion won, the males’ were 3.1 billion won. Considering that the female volleyball team ranked 4th place during the Tokyo Olympics while male volleyball players failed to proceed to the elimination rounds, this proves blatant gender discrimination in sports.

Then what causes this type of discrimination? First of all, the stereotypes of the public, which is that male sports are more extreme and exciting compared to female sports, has continued from the past.

Many sports fans consider male sports more aggressive, speedy, and competitive.

Considering the fact that the size of tournaments and campaigns for male sports are colossal compared to female sports, the stereotypical view perpetuates.

Also, sports has been considered a male dominant field where the types of sports females can participate in were very limited.

The history of sports culture has been developed by men and for men more than a century ago. This is why females have only been legally allowed to play formal sports in the 20th century, while some countries still ban female participation today.

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This indicates the difficulty of sports industries debunking the fallacy that female sports are equally valuable. This fallacy is reflected by the low level of support, such as funding, sponsorships, college sports teams, and media coverage. To be more specific, according to UNESCO, even though women’s sports accounted for 40% of the Tokyo Olympics, their screen time on media was only 4%. Screen time is the tool for the sports teams to promote themselves and advertise the sale of their tickets. Since female sports players never receive this coverage, it is impossible to lure the interest of fans.

To add to this, financial support is the tool for enhancing the quality of the game by escalating the competition, raising the prize money, and expanding the size of the audience. But, if there is a difference in screen time and financial support, it is inevitable for the public to feel that male sports are more exciting. In addition, CNN reported that college-level sports teams allocate 63,000 more slots for male athletes than females.

Thus, this stereotypical structure perpetuates the severe gender pay gaps in the sports industry. The popularity of a player or a team decides the salary that an athlete will receive, which means the difference in popularity between males and females will link to the gender pay gap.

It is crucial to point out the ignorance towards gender discrimination in the sports industry.

For the improvement of the sports environment for all genders, it is essential to provide equal facilities, opportunities, and recognition. In order to succeed in this aspect, an equity policy is needed. The equity policy can bring a better compensation system to encourage female sports industries, it can prevent stereotypical views towards female sports teams, and provide a legal background for solving the gender pay gap. This solution will prevent any more expansion of gender pay gaps and the discriminating stereotypes that follow.

Sports is the only field that connects people from all genders, ages and nationalities.

Therefore, a biased sports industry will lead to nothing but an insensitive global community.

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Teacher Interviews We interviewed a number of teachers on their thoughts about gender equality; here are the responses.

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What does gender equality mean to you?

When both genders are having equal opportunities that the other gender would have been afforded. Nowadays, we have issues with gender equality because a lot of people don’t understand what equality means. The fact that we had to include that for genders is problematic because equality should be something that should be on a human level and gender shouldn’t be affected. To me, gender equality is a natural extension of just equality for all people.

- Mr. Adam Lim

Understanding each other’s differences in terms of genders and respecting them. Not being discriminated against and at a disadvantage due to being a female or a male.

- Ms. Dajung Kim

Everyone being recognised as an equal.

- Ms. Louise Jarvis

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Do you think the citizens of Afghanistan should believe what the Taliban stated about protecting women's rights?

That’s a difficult issue. Taliban banned all the girls studying over the age of 11 so they can only finish at elementary school and there is a difference in what is being said and what is being done. As a parent, although I am not a parent but also a teacher, they have the responsibility to choose actions for the benefit of people who may not make decisions for themselves. Taliban are making claims but there is no evidence and to support to show that what they are doing is truly for the sake of women. The largest issue is that if there is no shred of evidence, there is no reason for believing it.

- Mr. Adam Lim

I have been to Afghanistan in 2002 or 2003, and the recent news of power had a big impact on me. It made me very sad thinking back to all the students that I met and how this situation will affect them. Fundamentally, what the Taliban has said was somewhat ingenious, hiding the reality of the truth for somewhat reassurance within the public. Women’s rights have taken a big backwards step in my view and it is a great shame since not only women but all people were affected and are suffering.

It is very saddening.

- Mr. Toby Waterson

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What right do you believe is the most crucial right that should be forced to be protected?

Freedom of speech. This right is particularly highlighted in America and Canada. However, not really highlighted in South Korea. People just mentioning feminism becomes the target of radical beliefs in South Korea.

- Ms. Julia Cha

Human rights are all rights we have simply because we exist as human beings and therefore they are the minimum version of what we need to be guaranteed and provided in life. Due to cultural backgrounds, and governments in each nation, the biggest necessity for a certain right differs by country.

In Afghanistan, the right to live should be respected more than anything.

- Mr. Kyungmin Maeng

The freedom of conscience, speech, religion, expressing oneself, the freedom of being able to do something is very significant.

- Ms. Dajung Kim

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What do you think the Taliban means when they say 'security reasons?'

Looking at the past history, “security reasons” come from protecting the government, the control rather than the public. For instance, when the Taliban banned the use of the internet due to “security reasons”, the real motive behind it was to prohibit any information from reaching their citizens and to establish their principles in society.

- Mr. Kyungmin Maeng

In philosophy, there is a theory of contractarianism that illustrates how we have a relationship between freedom and security.

In my opinion, they are using the perverse version of this contractarianism with their claiming on security and taking away freedom.

This has to be a two-way relationship however, this is not the case for the Taliban.

- Mr. Adam Lim

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If you believe the current situation is violating human rights, what do you suggest as a solution?

The most realistic solution is for the Taliban to lose its political control. The most ideal method would be for Afghanistan to vote their president in a democratic manner however, in this current situation it is near impossible.

Therefore, they need our attention and global awareness of the horrid reality within Afghanistan.

- Ms. Jae Shin Kim

There is a limit to what the other nations can do. For instance, the intervention of the USA was not a definite success. The gathering of power within the country can be seen as the final solution.

- Ms. Dajung Kim

The world has grappled to find the answer to this question for a long time in Afghanistan. It makes us ask the question of when powerful countries should get involved but it doesn’t always work. There is no definite solution, but applying more democratic political approaches within the nation and giving liberties and rights to citizens is a key step.

- Mr. Toby Waterson

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DELAYING JUSTICE IS INJUSTICE.

La Musawah 2021 3rd Edition.