Genius_Issue 07

JUNIOR SCHOOL SCIENCE MAGAZINE ISSUE 07

EDITORs Martin Yun Y13 Yun Bin Cho Y12 Janice JH Huh Y12 Cindy SW Kim Y11 Heesoo Lee Y11 DESIGNERs Jongwon Lee Y13 Jin Chun Y11 Judy Park Y11 WRITERs NLCS JEJU Junior School Students

CONTENTS Iodine Lua Cho (Y6) / Kelly Jo (Y6) / Sally Kim (Y6)

Does SNS Affect Our Lives?

James Jin (Y5) / Luke Han (Y5) / John Park (Y5)

Theory of Human Evolution Joonseo Heo (Y6)

Classifying Animals Benjamin Lee (Y5)

The Moon Soohee Lee (Y5)

Iodine

Lua Cho (Y6) // Kelly Jo (Y6) // Sally Kim (Y6)

What is Iodine used for?

In the old days, iodine was initially used for photography, after Louis Daguerre invented a way to produce an image on a piece of metal. However, since iodine can produce a thyroid hormone, it is mainly used as a medicine in modern days.

Furthermore, because the human body is unable to produce the thyroid hormone, humans need at least 0.1 milligrams of iodine a day.

Iodine in periodic table

Before we further discuss about Iodine in the periodic table, we need to know the terms: element, compound and periodic table. An element is a component that has only one type of an atom, rather than having two or more types of atoms. On the other hand, a compound is consisted of different types of atoms.

Lastly, periodic table is a chart that arranges all elements found on Earth in increasing atomic number and categorizes them into different groups. Iodine is an element that has an atomic number of 53, and ‘I’ is the symbol for iodine.

The History of Iodine

Iodine was discovered in 1811 by a French chemist Barnard Courtois, and he created the word Iodine. Iodine was named after a Greek word ‘iodes’ which means violet. He isolated iodine from seaweed ash and added sulfuric acid to process the ash.

He accidentally used too much acid and a violet coloured cloud erupted from the mass, which led to a formation of a solid iodine.

What does Iodine deficiency cause to our body?

Iodine deficiency means a condition of having insufficient amount of Iodine in our body. This deficiency can cause serious problems on our health such as thyroid enlargement (development of one or more swellings or lumps on a part of a thyroid), mental imbalances such as depression and anxiety, fetal hypothyroidism (malfunctioning of a thyroid of a unborn child leading to brain damage) and autism (a mental condition that involves difficulty in communication).

How is Iodine used in our everyday life?

• Iodine is commonly used as treatment for eye diseases, and a protection for UVB (Ultraviolet B) radiation.

• We use iodine for our brain development. (Over 95% of iodine was found in our body!!!)

• Iodine was once used as printing inks.

Where is it found on Earth?

Iodine can be found in ocean such as brines near oil deposits. It can also be found in the Earth’s crust. However, there is a higher possibility of iodine being discovered in the ocean than in the Earth’s crust. Some ocean plants like seaweed has a high concentration of iodine.

Fun Facts about Iodine • • • • •

Iodine is the 60th most common element in the Universe.

Iodine is the 47th most abundant element in the Universe.

Most Iodine products are used as livestock feed.

It is also well known as a disinfectant.

Iodine is a blue black solid.

When we think of elements, most of us first think of gold, silver, oxygen; we don’t usually think of iodine. However, iodine should be well known as much as those common elements are, as iodine plays important roles in our lives!

DOES SNS AFFECT OUR LIVES? James Jin (Y5) // Luke Han (Y5) // John Park (Y5)

What is S.N.S?

S.N.S stands for Social Network Service.

It is an online platform used by people, when they are communicating with each other in various ways. For example, one can send some messages and upload some images and videos on Facebook. One can even earn some money by having many SUBSCRIBERS or FOLLOWERS!

Examples of S.N.S Facebook Twitter Youtube Kakaotalk Google+ Blog Vimeo Linkedin Line

Negative things about S.N.S S . N . S m i g h t g i v e y o u s o m e N E G AT I V E impacts...

You can be depressed by Cyber Bullying.

Cyber bullying is one of the worst crimes that resulted from the development of technology. Many people become bullies on S.N.S - but what is the real reason behind this? We can find out the answer in very simply. The main reason is that the criminal’s personal information is all safe, hidden while they are on sns. For example, if they say that they are 15 years old even if they are 12, then you’ll just believe that they are 15.

“Unless and until our society recognizes cyber bullying for what it is, the suffering of thousands of silent victims will continue.”

-- Actor -“I allowed myself to be bullied because I was scared and didn’t know how to defend myself. I was bullied until I prevented a new student from being bullied. By standing up for him, I learned to stand up for myself. ” --Jackie Chan--

POSITIVE THINGS ABOUT S.N.S We can make some friends in S.N.S If you are lonely and bullied in real life, you can make friends online, because they don’t know who exactly you are. Some celebrities use S.N.S to communicate with their fans, too.

QUICK VOTE 1.

2.

3.

S.N.S is Good S.N.S is Bad No brain (no idea) Our team’s vote

We questioned 30 people on S.N.S and here are the results : 66.7% of people answered that it is bad 33.3 % of people answered that it is good Conclusion In conclusion, while you are using S.N.S, you should make sure that you are keeping yourself safe from cyberbullying.

Theory of Human Evolution

Joonseo Heo (Y6) What is the theory of evolution?

The theory of evolution explains how animals evolved into the current state.

Did you know that humans have evolved too?

The first humans on earth were the Australopithecus. Starting in Africa, they evolved from anthropoids and spread to Europe and Asia.

At that time, they didn’t even have to think about fighting dangerous animals.

The types of human beings during the evolution!

Australopithecus Australopithecus was the first type of human beings that had ever existed. They were the evolution of anthropoids and lived in Africa. They hadn’t yet known how to use tools, language, and fire.

Homo habilis Homo habilis means ‘handy man’. They were the first humans to use tools and they had bigger brains compared to Australopithecus’ brains.

Their fossils can be found in Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, and Leakey.

Homo erectus Homo erectus means ‘upright man’ and they were the first humans to stand upright. They could also use fire, so they could eat cooked meat which was safer and healthier than raw meat, and they spread to Europe and Asia.

Neanderthal Neanderthal look similar to us but slightly shorter than us. They had a culture of burying dead corpse and having a funeral, and their intelligence was similar to that of humans right now .

Theoretically, they still live on Earth in groups.

Who was Charles Darwin?

Charles Darwin was born in Shrewsbury, England on February 9th, 1809. He was a scientist, who worked with Alfred Wallace. He was the one to figure out the evolution of human, proposing that humans have evolved from anthropoids.

Cheetahs Cheetahs share common ancestors with other wild cats, but cheetahs are more developed in speed of movements and this unique characteristic makes them the fastest land animal existing on Earth.

Tigers Tigers, originally called ‘panthera tigris’, also share ancestors with wild cats. However, sabertooth tigers are from completely different species called Smilodon fatalis that are now extinct. They evolved more than two million years ago, before the divergence of lions, leopards and jaguars.

Birds Birds have ancestries from a long time ago.

The most well known ancestor of birds are archaeopteryx.

Classifying Animals Soohee Lee (Y5) When classifying animals, it can initially be divided into two groups: vertebrates and invertebrates.

Vertebrates can be then classified into 5 more specific groups. The following are the five groups of the vertebrates.

1) Mammals Mammals are warm blooded animals that have hair.

They give birth, and nurture their own offspring.

Some people find it hard to believe that even dolphins and whales, which live in the ocean, are mammals.

2) Birds Birds are also warm blooded animals. Birds do not have furs, but they have lots of feathers. Unlike mammals, birds have beaks as the substitute of mouth. Ostrich is the largest bird, and unlike most birds, it cannot fly. Other than ostriches, some species, such as penguins and hens cannot fly as well. There are many different types of birds. In

fact, scientists believe there are more than 1000 different species of birds in the world, such as sandpiper, kingfisher, and puffin.

3) Fish Fish live in water and they are cold-blooded. Coldblooded animals like fish cannot control their body temperature and easily affected by the surrounding environment. Fish live in various environments, like the ocean or plain water.

4) Reptiles Reptiles are also cold-blooded animals. They lay rubbery eggs to reproduce.

5) Amphibians Amphibians have soft, moist skin, which protects their body from drying. They live in moist areas, near lakes or ponds, and adult amphibians often have lungs, whereas lava has gills.

Invertebrates Invertebrates can be divided into 4 groups: 1) Arthropods Arthropods have no backbone, but several pairs of jointed legs and waterproof exoskeletons. Examples include crustaceans, arachnids, insects, and myriapods.

2) Annelida Annelids have bodies that are made up of ring-like segments.

3) Mollusca Molluscs have soft, unsegmented bodies. They may have shells.

4) Nematodes Nematodes have long, thin, unsegmented bodies, and most of them produce sperm or eggs to reproduce.

Roundworms and Enopleas are some examples of nematodes.

THE MOON Soohee Lee (Y5)

What do you know about the Moon? Moon is the Earth’s only permanent natural satellite that orbits the Earth. It is the fifth largest natural satellite and the second brightest object in the sky. I am going to talk about the moon, such as its phases, other names, and about the first landing.

Other names for the Moon First I am going to tell you the names for the Moon in different languages. In Portugal, they call the Moon “Lua”; Italians call the Moon “Luna”; Germans they call the Moon “Maan”; and the French call the Moon “Lune”.

Do you know why the moon doesn’t fall on Earth?

This is because the Earth and the Moon is pulling each other with their gravity and a balance is formed.

The Moon’s Phases The Moon always changes it’s shape that is because of its phases. At night we see the side of the Moon

that is lit by the sun. The moon orbits the Earth and when the sun sets the Moon rises. The side of the Moon we see is the side that the Moon is facing Earth. The Moon takes 27.3 days to orbit the Earth and has a 29.5 day full moon cycle. There are names for different moon shapes, some of which are First Quarter, Full moon, Third Quarter.

The first landing on moon Apollo 11 was the first spaceship to land people on the Moon. They are Neil Armstrong and pilot Buzz Aldrin. The spaceship landed on the Moon on July 20,1969 at 20:18. Neil Armstrong was the first to step on The Moon's surface on July 21 at 2:56, and Buzz Aldrin was on the Moon 20 minutes later with Neil Armstrong. They collected 47.5 pounds of moon material to bring back to Earth. Apollo 11 was the fifth mission from Nasa and it was a success!

Other moons The Earth is not the only planet that has satellites such as the Moon. Other planets have satellites too! Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto are some examples. Mars has two, Jupiter has sixteen, Saturn has eighteen, Uranus has fifteen, Neptune has fourteen, and Pluto has only one.

Enceladus is the sixth largest satellite of Saturn, and Nasa discovered that Enceladus could have

water and we might be able The Moon’s Phases

Conclusion I wish you had FUN reading this article! I also wish you learned a lot of facts about The Moon and other planet’s moons too!

BE GENIUS.