Genius_Issue 17

Genius JUNIOR SCHOOL SCIENCE MAGAZINE ISSUE 17

EDITORs Sally Kim Y12 Hyena Sim Y12 Jenny Son Y12 Rosie Baek Y11 Angela Seo Y11

DESIGNERs Erika Kim Y12 Marie Song Y12 Jenny Son Y12 Layla Bu Y11 Ginger Kim Y11

WRITERs NLCS JEJU Junior School Students

CONTENTS How Can We Change Human DNA? Lynn Kim Yr 5 :RPHQ V 6XȾUDJH Doyeon Han Yr 5 Coke and Mentos Lisa Lee & Sung Yoon Lee Yr 5 Constellations Erin Kim Yr 5 *OREDO :DUPLQJ Jianna Lee Yr 5 +LVWRU\ RI %DVHEDOO Chloris Kim Yr 6 5DLQERZ 6XJDU :DWHU Lumi Lee Yr 6

Slaves Lucy Lee Yr 5 9R\QLFK 0DQXVFULSW Steve Lee Yr 6 7KH +LVWRU\ RI :HEVLWH Ziu Choi Yr 6 7KH .RUHDQ :DU DQG 8QLW\ RI .RUHD Albert Ji Yr 5 The VIkings Shin Song Yr 5 9DULRXV 7\SHV RI &KHPLVWU\ Chris Lee Yr 6 :RUOG :DU ,, Andrew Kim Yr 5

How Can We Change Human DNA? Lynn Kim Yr 5 It is not found yet how to change a person's DNA. However, it is proved how to change the DNA of a baby who is not born yet.

This was found in China. This event happened in a laboratory called "Shenzhen". The goal of the experiment was not to cure or prevent a disease. It was to bestow a trait that people naturally have an ability to resist future infection with HIV. There are effective ways to prevent HIV for healthy individuals.

Key Words DNA=a material which is in nearly all living organisms have. It can create how the organism looks, personality, likes, and extra. It comes from their parents or their upper generations.

HIV=a harmful condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus by damaging your immune system.

Quotes Dodna="As the scientific community works to establish stronger safegurads, his fateful decision to ignore the basic medical mantra of 'do no harm' and risk the unintended consequences will likely to be remembered as one of the most shocking misapplications of any scientific tool in our history."

Women’s Suffrage Doyeon Han Yr 5 Women and men were not treated the same in the past.

Only men were allowed to vote. The law made society unfair to women. They were treated differently. For example, men were able to have good jobs in the past, but all women could do and were allowed was to work as a shopkeeper, nurse, or just get married and nurture children. The unfair law in the past granted women lower status.

How did it start?

In 1842, women that thought that the law was unfair, started what is now called the “Women’s Suffrage Movement”. Their plan was to change the world so that women could vote too. Most of the people were not happy about giving women the right to vote because they thought the women were inferior to men.

However, suffragettes and suffragists argued that all people were equal and should be treated the same.

Over time women began to realize that in order to achieve reform, they need to win the right to vote. For these reasons, at the turn of the century, the Women’s Suffrage Movement became a mass movement.

At that time, only men were able to work as a government member and participate in politics while women were expected to stay home, clean, cook, and parent.

The Women’s Suffrage Movement was led by Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and other women’s rights pioneers. These leaders were wanting to make a change. They were wanting to show the government that women, too, have the right to vote and achieve ɠÌ ǼsɚsNj ǼÌsɴ ɠ ŘǼʳ ǻÌsɴ ɠsNjs ǼÌs ʩNjǣǼ ɠŸŎsŘ ǼŸ ǣǼ NjǼ this movement.

What Happened?

During the movement, female rights activists held big posters that said, “give women the right to vote.”

Most rich men disapproved of giving women the right to vote. Everyday, many women went to the street to protest. One day, the leaders decided to not eat food until they were given the right to vote.

The men were angry at women’s protests. So, they captured the leaders and sent them to prisons. They violently shoved food into women's mouths or gave them food using hoses.

How this Ended After a lot of hard work on August 18th, 1920, women’s goal to gain the right to vote was attained. The ŎŸɚsŎsŘǼ ʩŘ ĶĶɴ sŘ_s_ʳ

Coke and Mentos Lisa Lee & Sung Yoon Lee Yr 5

COKE AND MENTOS They make an extreme explosion. I have never tried it myself, but I have watched interesting videos on it.

Coke has a lot of sugar in it and is also fizzy. Mentos are chewy sugar boulders. Mixing them together will make an explosion like that picture and the mentos will sink to the bottom of the drink.

SHAVING FOAM UNDERWATER Shaving foam is often used for shaving beards, legs, etc. It is also frequently used to make slime. When we spray it underwater, it does not mix with water and rises up to the surface.

AIRPLANE COKE BOTTLE Who likes airplanes? I will tell you how to make a

simple one.

1. Buy a diet coke from a store.

2. Shake it hard.

3. Flip it so the cap faces the ground.

4. Open it!

5. Let it go.

Wheeeee!Then, it flys!

DO NOT try this at home. This activity, although fun, is very dangerous.

Constellations Erin Kim Yr 5 Look up at the sky. You can probably see stars or even constellations.

A constellation is a group of stars that has imaginary pictures. Some constellations have pictures of animals, imaginary animals or even imaginary humans!

People use constellations for telling tales, beliefs and many other things.

Some people go out at night to see the constellation, but constellations are not very clear in the night sky because they aren’t attached by lines.

Did you know people in the Northern Hemisphere see different constellations to people in the Southern Hemisphere? This is because the Earth is round and it also spins. If you live near the equator

you are likely to see all the constellation!

Seeing constellation also depends on the season or year.

Look at the picture above and find your stone and zodiac.

As you can see constellations are pretty and interesting, but what is the use of them?

Constellation helps us to find our location especially at old times when people were struggling to use maps.

GLOBAL WARMING Jianna Lee Yr 5

What is Global warming?

Global warming is the change in our atmosphere which contains too much carbon dioxide. It leads to trap heat and warm up the planet.

What causes Global warming?

The main cause of Global warming is the burning of fossil fuels, which emit CO2. However here are some other causes such as agriculture, pollution from vehicles, and deforestation. These are all due to human activities.

What can we do to STOP Global warming?

These are the things you can help to stop Global warming: - Tell your friends, relatives about Global warming Plant trees

- Ride bicycles or walk for short distances - Use less water - Plug out electronic devices when you are not using Global warming is not a problem you can solve by yourself. We all need to help each other and try our best to stop Global warming.

History of Baseball Chloris Kim Yr 6 Hello? My name is Chloris Kim. Today, I will talk about the History of Baseball. I really love baseball. In Korea, there are 10 baseball teams. They are called, ‘SK, Dusan, Kiwoom, LG, Hanhua, Samsung, Kia, Lotte, NC and KT’. I like KBO baseball more than an MLB. MLB is one of the baseball matches that are played in America. Now, I will tell you about the history of baseball.

1. How do baseball start?

The first recorded baseball contest took place in 1846. The person named Cartwright’s Knickerbockers lost to the New York Baseball club in a game at Elysian Fields, in New Jersey.

I can’t imagine how the matches would have looked at the time. I have only seen the ones in Korea. Anyway, let’s look how baseball came to Korea.

2. How did baseball come to Korea?

In 1905, American missionaries came to Korea. The team was called YMCA. There were no baseball parks, so they just played in the open fields. The balls broke the windows, so a lot of people hated baseball. In 1910, Japan colonized

Korea. They told the Koreans that they were the only ones allowed to play Baseball. So they had a match. If Korea won, Japan would stop stopping Korea to play baseball; if Japan won, Korea would have to stop playing baseball.

The match was on fire. First, it was 0 vs 0. When Korea attacked and the player was in 3rd base, BANG! The batter hit the ball. The ball flew to home base...Tag…Safe! The ball fell, and the batter landed safely. KOREA WON!

3. How did baseball player practice in the first time?

They practised on a narrow road where people lived. They had to throw the ball into the person’s glove, but sometimes the ball flew towards the windows, breaking them into pieces.

Everybody was unhappy, but the players were practising hard. Because of their hard work, they were able to make it into the KBO baseball team. I cheer for the Kiwoom Heros.

Dear Korea players! Thank you for practising and winning Japan! Thank you for proving that Baseball is a great sport.

I also first thought the Baseball was boring, but after watching the YMCA movie, I have changed my mind.

4. What are the rules of baseball rules?

First, we have the home run. It is the ball that goes over the fence. The defender shouldn’t catch the ball. When the people in 1,2,3 base, it has 2,3,4 score. 4 score is the highest. The baseball starts at 6:30 pm from Monday to Friday, at 5:00 on Saturday, and at 2:00 on Sunday.

A Hit is very simple. Hit is that batter hits the ball. Long ones can go 3rd base. Normally they land on base one and two Strike is the ball that got into the strike zone. When there are 3 strikes, the batter is out for that turn. “Ball” is the ball goes out of the strike zone, 4 balls, the player goes to 1st base.

RAINBOW SUGAR WATER Lumi Lee Yr 6 Did you think of once, you can make rainbow?

If you want to make rainbow, you should try this experiment!

First, watch this video first! https://youtu.be/wrQu4uTVnrQ THINGS YOU NEED White sugar, 6 pigments, (red,orange,yellow,green,blue,purple) measuring cylinder, 6 cups of paper, spoon, dropper, 50 ml of warm water STEP 1 Put sugar in paper cup In this order the water in a cup without sugar <3 teaspoons of sugar <6 teaspoons of sugar <9 teaspoons of sugar <12 teaspoon of sugar <15 teaspoon of sugar STEP2 Put one drop of pigments in sugar water STEP3 Pour warm water and mix it well

Tip : If you have a lot of sugar, it will not melt well, so use warm water.

STEP4 Add 9 teaspoons of sugar to the measuring cylinder and pour 3/4 of the melted water.

Tip: When you pouring the sugar water, make sure the of the dropper faces the wall of the measuring cylinder.

STEP5 The prepared water, slowly poured into the wall of the transparent container using the dropper in the order of the water in a 15 teaspoons sugar <12 teaspoons of sugar <9 teaspoons of sugar <6 teaspoons of sugar <3 teaspoons of sugar < the water in a cup without sugar HOW IT WORKS The principle of the rainbow water tower is as follows. By adding sugar to the water and varying the concentration (density) of the sugar water, a rainbow water tower is created.

This is due to the nature of the heavy trying to sink and the light trying to rise up.

If you think about water and oil, the oil is lighter than water, so if you mix the two substances, the oil will float on the water?

Like this, 0 times without sugar is lighter than purple sugar water with 6 sugars and floats on it. character! Then from the bottom up, red, orange, yellowâ&#x20AC;Ś How can I make it in purple order?

You can ride the water color upside down. Red at seventh, orange at sixthâ&#x20AC;Ś In purple order one.

SLAVES Lucy Lee Yr 5 Slavery has always been a controversy in human history. Slavery is something that is owned by high status and they need to work very hard for hours and hours. Slaveries have started from the ancient times about 3500 BC. There are still some of the slaves in the United States. There are 403,000 slaves still living in the UK. Slavery has started in ancient Egypt. The slaves are ruled by white people. Slaves were mostly black. The white people thought that black people are weaker than white people, so they began to discriminate.

A long long time ago, discrimination was so bad that a lot of black people even wanted to commit suicide. For example, black people were forced to use a different toilet. Also, they needed to sit on a

particular seat on the very back of the bus and they were not able to vote.

The black children were sold and abused. Also, they were used as money too! The children were treated harshly and strictly.

Now, I will tell you how white people treated black slaves.

When the slaves (black people) donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t work hard, they whip and kill them. The slaves were not allowed to drink water, even. While the white people were resting in their house, the black people were doing all the work the white people told them to do.

Voynich manuscript Steve Lee Yr 6 Introduction The Voynich manuscript is an illustrated, hand-written codex (an ancient manuscript in a book form) written using an unknown code. It has been made with vellum (a skin of a calf) and has been carbon-dated (find out when a thing is from using carbon) to the early 15th century. However, many experts could not ÀQG RXW WKH FRGH WKDW ÀW SHUIHFWO\ WR LW Origins The Voynich manuscript was assumed to be written LQ ,WDO\ LQ WKH HDUO\ ÀIWHHQWK FHQWXU\ ZKHQ WKH ,WDOLDQ renaissance was in progress. The writer is unknown, but it is called the Voynich manuscript because Wilfrid Voynich, a polish-samogition book dealer, purchased it in 1912.

What’s inside?

There are five sections: herbology, astronomy, biology, cosmology, pharmaceuticalogy, and recipes. Also, there are many hand-drawn images about the manuscript.

Sections - Herbology It is the largest section with 112 folios each displaying one or two plants and none of the drawings were DPELJXRXVO\ LGHQWLÀDEOH 6RPH RI WKH GUDZLQJV ZHUH a more specific version from the pharmaceutical section.

- Astrology Made up of 21 folios, the astronomical section consists of drawings of zodiacs. Some of the diagrams are fold-out pages.

- Biology This is a densely texted section about biology concentrating on humans. Some of the drawings portray women wearing crowns and bathing in pools.

- Cosmology A section consisting of circular diagrams and some fold-out pages. It contains a map of nine “islands” or “rosettes” connected by “causeways” and contains castles, as well as what might be a volcano.

- Pharmaceutical A section with lots of labeled drawings of a specific part of a plant and object, such as an apothecary jar, with a few paragraphs of explanation.

- Recipes Full pages of text broken into many short paragraphs, each marked with a star in the left margin.

The History of the Website Ziu Choi Yr 6 How many minutes or hours do you spend on the internet, on a website every week? We use the website and social network almost every single day. Yet, do you even know who made the Website?

A website is a collection of related network web resources, such as web pages, multimedia content, which are typically identified with a common domain name and published on at least one web server. Notable examples are 9.81 park.com, google.com and amazon.com. Websites can be accessed with a public internet protocol (IP) network, such as the internet.

Websites can have many functions and can be used in various fashions; a website can be a personal website, a corporate website for a company, a government website, an organization website, etc. Websites are typically dedicated to a particular topic or purpose, ranging from entertainment and social network to providing news and education. All publicly accessible websites collectively constitute the World Wide Web, while private websites, such as a company's website for its employees, are typically part of an intranet.

The World Wide Web (WWW) was created in 1990 by the British CERN

physicist Tim Berners-Lee. Lost websites!

- Lostpedia Lostpedia is like the Wikipedia version of Lost, and stores an amazing 6783 articles about the series.

Edited by an avid community of Lost fans, Lostpedia has extensive explanations about all the flashbacks and flashforwards, and keeps tabs on all the episodes. If you are a fan of Lost, or you are looking for explanations from the series' plots, Lostpedia is the place to go.

- Dark UFO Dark UFO is one of the most comprehensive sources of Lost news from across the Web. It also keeps tabs on spoilers, rumors, and media mentions of Lost, and has a very interesting "Theories" section, with commentary around each episode, and how the show could end. Dark UFO will also host a fantastic finale live chat, in case you want to see live feedback of the epic episode.

It took about 25years to create the first website, which was not perfect at all. Indeed, a lot of effort has been made to create the social network we use today. Websites have become very important in our lives and help us to learn, use, and get information quickly and accurately.

Look around you. You can always see people using websites from computers or phones. I personally do not like people who take access to websites for granted and use it without knowing who made it. It took a long time to create tvhe websites. If you donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t respect Tim Berners-Lee, I think that you donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have the right to use the website.

I hope by this chance, you have learned to use the websites wisely and get to explore this topic in depth.

The Korean War

and Unity of Korea Albert Ji Yr 5

The Korean War

In 1950 the Korean war started. There were 3 million people died to protect our country, South Korea. And there were 5 million peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s deaths in the war. The Korean War began because North Korea made an army and cross the 38th line. And Kim-il-sung from North Korea leader commanded the army to attack South Korea with a tank. Thus, the Korea war started. But South Korea asked help to the UN so they sent 16 countries while North Korea asked for help to China.

First North Korea attacked until pusan. But many countries helped South Korea so, South Korea pushed the Army away. But then China helped North Korea so the North Korean army almost attacked Incheon. Finally, the U.S threw 635,000 tons of bombs to North Korea.

And in july 27th 1953 the korean war finished because they wrote the korean Armistice Agreement. Actually there is

vno winner of this war. In united states, they call this war is forgotten war because many people died of the korean war.

The Unity of North and South Korea

After the Korean armistice agreement sign, there was a full peace in Korea. The Military Demarcation Line limited to people not to cross the line. There are 200 people that faced separation with their family.

There was a South Korea leader called Kim-de Jung. He joined the unification democratic party with Kim-youngsam and won the first Nobel Peace prize in Korea! And he was also in the Guinness world book because he was the longest speaker in the National Assembly.

On May 9th 2017 there was a new south Korea leader heâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s name is moon-Jae-in and he is also trying to unity north and south Korea together. And he is trying to negotiate with North Korea leader(Kim-jong-un)about unity. He is giving a lot of help to unite North and south Korea.

Actually, the war is still going. But that does not mean that they are fighting with guns.

The two leaders in south and north Korea are meeting at the DMZ and are agreeing to work together to stop the Korean war. I hope both of the south and north Korea will someday combine together and south people can go to Pyongyang and North Koreans can go to Seoul.

The Vikings Shin Song Yr 5 The Vikings are very famous because in most very famous movies, there are vikings. However, people do not really know about Vikings.

The Viking-pagan pirates from Denmark, Norway, and Sweden burst upon Europe in the 790s, causing terror wherever they went. Over the next two lands they conquered Britain, Ireland, and France, while some crossed the Greenland. Other Viking traveled down the great rivers of Russia to settle and trade with Arab and Byzantine Empires.

VIKINGS DRESS Viking men wore baggy, woolen pants and a cloak fixed at the shoulder.They had helmets for battle, but these helmets never had horns. Viking women wore a linen cap and a long, linen tunic. Over the tunic was a wool pinafore, fastened on each side with brooch.

NORSE GOD Vikings were Germanic people and believed in gods such as Odin, Thor, Balder, Loki and Heimdall. Odin, the god of war, rode an eight-legged horse and gathered up the bodies of fallen warriors to carry them to his hall. Thor, the God of the sky and thunder was armed with the great hammer Mjolnir.

Baldr,Odin’s son, is known as “beautiful”. Loki is a mischiefmaker, causing problems for the other gods and appearing in many forms. Finally, Heimdall is the possessor of the Gjallarhorn, a very loud horn. Heimdall will blow into it to mark the arrival of Ragnarok, which is the final day. They were the gods that Vikings believe.

WHAT DID VIKING RIDE? Viking rode Longship. Longship is the same as Viking ship.

Longship was made of overlapping planks of wood nailed.

They were powered by oars or by wind.

Various Types of Chemistry Chris Lee Yr 6 Chemistry is the study of matter, its properties, how and why substances combine or separate to form other substances, and how substances interact with energy. Many people think of chemists as being white-coated scientists mixing strange liquids in a laboratory, but the truth is we are all chemists.

Understanding basic chemistry concepts is important for almost every profession. Chemistry is part of everything in our lives.

Every material in existence is made up of matter â&#x20AC;&#x201D; even our own bodies. Chemistry is involved in everything we do, from growing and cooking food to cleaning our homes and bodies to launching a space shuttle. Chemistry is one of the physical sciences that help us to describe and explain our world.

Physical chemistr y combines chemistr y with physics.

Physical chemists study how matter and energy interact.

Thermodynamics and quantum mechanics are two of the important branches of physical chemistry.

Organic chemistry specifically studies compounds that contain the element carbon. Carbon has many unique properties that allow it to form complex chemical bonds and very large molecules. Organic chemistry is known as the â&#x20AC;&#x153;Chemistry of Lifeâ&#x20AC;? because all of the molecules that make up living tissue have carbon as part of their makeup.

Inorganic chemistry studies materials such as metals and gases that do not have carbon as part of their makeup.

Biochemistry is the study of chemical processes that occur within living organisms.

Food chemistry Food science deals with the three biological components of food â&#x20AC;&#x201D; carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. Carbohydrates are sugars and starches, the chemical fuels needed for our cells to function. Lipids are fats and oils and are essential parts of cell membranes and to lubricate and cushion organs within the body. Because fats have 2.25 times the energy per gram than either carbohydrates or proteins, many people try to limit their intake to avoid becoming overweight. Proteins are complex molecules composed of from 100 to 500 or more amino acids that are chained together and folded into three-dimensional shapes necessary for the structure and function of every cell.

Our bodies can synthesize some of the amino acids; however eight of them, the essential amino acids, must be taken in as part of our food. Food scientists are also concerned with the inorganic components of food such as its water content, minerals, vitamins and enzymes.

Food chemists improve the quality, safety, storage and taste of our food. Food chemists may work for private industry to develop new products or improve processing. They may also work for government agencies such as the Food and Drug Administration to inspect food products and handlers to protect us from contamination or harmful practices. Food chemists test products to supply information used for the nutrition labels or to determine how packaging and storage affects the safety and quality of the food. Flavorists work with chemicals to change the taste of food. Chemists may also work on other ways to improve sensory appeal, such as enhancing

color, odor or texture.

Environmental chemistry Environmental chemists study how chemicals interact with the natural environment. Environmental chemistry is an interdisciplinary study that involves both analytical chemistry and an understanding of environmental science.

Environmental chemists must first understand the chemicals and chemical reactions present in natural processes in the soil water and air. Sampling and analysis can then determine if human activities have contaminated the environment or caused harmful reactions to affect it.

Water quality is an important area of environmental chemistry. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Pureâ&#x20AC;? water does not exist in nature; it always has some minerals or other substance dissolved in it. Water quality chemists test rivers, lakes and ocean water for characteristics such as dissolved oxygen, salinity, turbidity, suspended sediments, and pH. Water destined for human consumption must be free of harmful contaminants and may be treated with additives like fluoride and chlorine to increase its safety.

Agricultural chemistry Agricultural chemistry is concerned with the substances and chemical reactions that are involved with the production, protection and use of crops and livestock. It is a highly interdisciplinary field that relies on ties to many other sciences.

Agricultural chemists may work with the Department of Agriculture, the Environmental Protection Agency, the Food and Drug AdChemical engineering Chemical engineers research and develop new materials or processes that involve chemical reactions. Chemical engineering combines a background in chemistry with engineering and economics concepts to solve technological

problems. Chemical engineering jobs fall into two main groups: industrial applications and development of new products.

Industries require chemical engineers to devise new ways to make the manufacturing of their products easier and more cost effective. Chemical engineers are involved in designing and operating processing plants, develop safety procedures for handling dangerous materials, and supervise the manufacture of nearly every product we use. Chemical engineers work to develop new products and processes in every field from pharmaceuticals to fuels and computer components.

Geochemistry Geochemists combine chemistry and geology to study the makeup and interaction between substances found in the Earth. Geochemists may spend more time in field studies than other types of chemists. Many work for the U.S. Geological Survey or the Environmental Protection Agency in determining how mining operations and waste can affect water quality and the environment. They may travel to remote abandoned mines to collect samples and perform rough field evaluations, and then follow a stream through its watershed to evaluate how contaminants are moving through the system. Petroleum geochemists are employed by oil and gas companies to help find new energy reserves. They may also work on pipelines and oil rigs to prevent chemical reactions that could cause explosions or spills.

Forensic chemistry Forensic chemists capture and analyze the physical evidence left behind at a crime scene to help determine the identities of the people involved as well as to answer other vital questions regarding how and why the crime was carried out. Forensic

chemists use a wide variety of analyzation methods, such as chromatography, spectrometry and spectroscopy.

In new research appearing in the Journal of the American Society of Mass Spectrometry, scientists from the department of chemistry at Louisiana State University (LSU) set out to apply laser technology to the field of forensic science.

They developed a system that goes above and beyond the identification of a fingerprint. The technique can capture molecules contained within a fingermark, including lipids, proteins, genetic material, or even trace amounts of explosives, which can be further analyzed. The new tool essentially takes the mystery out of identifying the chemical composition of fingermarks at crime scenes.

The tool focuses a laser — using mirrors and optical fibers — onto a surface containing a fingermark. The laser then heats up any water or moisture on the surface, triggering chemical bonds in the water to stretch and vibrate, according to the LSU College of Science Blog. All of this focused energy causes the water to “explode,” turning it into a gas and separating biomolecules such as DNA. This process is called laser ablation.

Next a small vacuum pump system pulls the water and molecules into a tiny filter that captures everything left behind by a person’s finger. Forensic scientists can then put the contents into an analysis device such as a mass spectrometer or a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer.

Importantly, this laser ablation technique can easily capture fingermarks on porous surfaces, such as cardboard (on which traditional forensic methods have not been very successful).

To test their new technique, the researchers placed fingermarks on many different surface types, including glass, plastic, aluminum and cardboard. These fingermarks were laced with substances as diverse as caffeine, antiseptic cream, condom lubricants and TNT, according to the LSU College of

Science Blog. After each fingermark capture, the chemists were able to identify these substances using mass spectrometry.

Additional reporting by Traci Pedersen, Live Science contributor Agricultural chemists develop fertilizers, insecticides and herbicides necessary for large-scale crop production. They must also monitor how these products are used and their impacts on the environment. Nutritional supplements are developed to increase the productivity of meat and dairy herds.

Agricultural biotechnology is a fast-growing focus for many agricultural chemists. Genetically manipulating crops to be resistant to the herbicides used to control weeds in the fields requires detailed understanding of both the plants and the chemicals at the molecular level. Biochemists must understand genetics, chemistry and business needs to develop crops that are easier to transport or that have a longer shelf life.

World War II Andrew Kim Yr 5 World War II was the biggest war that had a large number of casualties. The war was started by a man with a toothbrush mustache called Adolf Hitler. Adolf Hitler adored his country Germany and hated the Jews.

Hitler was a German soldier that fought in World War I. At that time in Germany, Jews were good in businesses and were very rich. This made the Germans think that the Jews were taking their jobs. Hitler led a group called the Nazis and instilled hatred towards the Jews.

At the same time, Benito Mussolini has made a group called Pasismo which was notorious for being lethal. He wanted Italians to rule the Mediterranean ocean like the Romans.

At first, Japan did not adopt Western cultures and their weapons. Then, they started the Meiji and began to make changes in the political and social structure.

These three leaders possessed the same qualities. They all believed that they were the most perfect humans and wanted to rule the world.

While other countries prepared to fight each other, stronger nations like the United Kingdom, France and Russia (which was the Soviet Union) tried not to repeat the tragedy of WWI. When Germany attacked Poland, France was still using horses and delivering a post with motorbikes, instead of text messaging. That was one of the reasons why Paris got occupied by Hitler within nine months.

While England was preparing, Germany attacked Russia by using a trick of splitting their groups in half and surrounding the opponent. However, at Stalingrad, Germans were defeated by the cold weather (which Napoleon also couldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t stand) and retreated. While they were going back, the Russian soldiers came and used the same tactics and pushed the Germans away.

In Africa, the English colonies were also fighting with other colonies. They have invaded others and helped Greece. At that time, the Greeks were fighting each other because the king wanted to join the axis and the prime minister would argue and rather fall into a battle. After the fight, the Greeks got rid of their king and became a democratic country.

America entered the war on December 7, 1941, when

Japan tickled the lionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s nose. When America entered the war, the allies gained more power and were able to surround the axis.

Once more, trouble came to the axis. Benito Mussolini left the war on October 13, 1943, due to surrendering of the allied forces. Then, Hitler committed suicide and Germany surrendered. Also, to end the war, President Roosevelt dropped two atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Both cities were blown away and turned into ashes. After the bombing, Japan announced the surrender.

World War II ends like this, but there comes another war; the Cold War.

BE GENIUS.