Invasive Landscapes

INVASIVE LANDSCAPES

from punctual interventions to a self-healing land strategies for the modern rural landscapes in the city of Cremona

Devoted to degradation to the detriment of an expanding urbanization,

So as to reach that matter, we conduct a mapping analysis considering

the landscape of Cremona was and still can be sustained to remain one

both the territorial and the municipal physical scopes of Cremona, then we

of the main riches of the region. Thus, in order to rekindle its environmental

brainstorm the findings into a set of strategical directives allowing us, at the

sensitivity, the intervention triggers its upgradation as a peri-urban system

end, to sense how punctual interventions can exert pressure on the territory

that will serve not just as a disconnected land that the user is only in touch

and bring it gradually to its high environmental sensitiveness.

with its production but also with the land itself. In other words, the intention is to force delightfully the user to consume the landscape as both a

Key words: rural-urban connectivity; productive landscape; active

productive and an aesthetical one; creating and branching up then new

promenade

ecological components linking rural to urban, natural to built and humans to non-humans.

2

INDEX ABSTRACT 2 QGIS APPLICATION ANALYSIS 4 Analysis of study area using georeferenced data and QGIS application: seasonal evolution of the vegetated areas using NDVI index, long term evolution and built-up areas using NDVI and NDTI in 2018-2020, new urban green areas using remote sensing images

TERRITORIAL ANALYSIS

28

Large scale analysis of the province, identifying aspects related to the quality of the green areas and the different ecosystems that compose the Cremona landscape

MUNICIPAL ANALYSIS

50

Linking the Municipality of Cremona and the Po River using an analysis of the different urban and rural morpho-typologies, vegetation, and connection systems working in this particular territory

FOCUS AREA ANALYSIS

76

Rediscovery of neglected landscapes using human level point-of-view analysis and identifying the gaze of the users

STRATEGY

98

Proposed interventions at punctual points identified throughout the analysis that revitalize and reuse the existing landscape

CONCLUSIONS

110

4

QGIS APPLICATION ANALYSIS analysis of study area using georeferenced data and QGIS application: seasonal evolution of the vegetated areas using NDVI index, long term evolution and built-up areas using NDVI and NDTI in 2018-2020, new urban green areas using remote sensing images

5

THREE SEASON ANALYSIS seasonal evolution of the vegetated areas using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)

6

QGIS APPLICATION ANALYSIS

1

SPRING

2km

580000.00

24 APRIL 2020 SENTINEL-2 IMAGES

585000.00

575000.00

580000.00

585000.00

590000.00

5000000.00 4995000.00

4995000.00

5000000.00

5005000.00

575000.00

0

5005000.00

CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)

RED - GREEN - BLUE

NIR - RED - GREEN

QGIS APPLICATION ANALYSIS

7

SUMMER

0

20 JUNE 2020 SENTINEL-2 IMAGES

585000.00

575000.00

580000.00

QGIS APPLICATION ANALYSIS

585000.00

590000.00

5000000.00 4995000.00

5000000.00 4995000.00

RED - GREEN - BLUE

8

CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)

5005000.00

580000.00

2km

5005000.00

575000.00

1

NIR - RED - GREEN

1

AUTUMN

2km

580000.00

28 OCTOBER 2020 SENTINEL-2 IMAGES

585000.00

575000.00

580000.00

585000.00

590000.00

5000000.00 4995000.00

4995000.00

5000000.00

5005000.00

575000.00

0

5005000.00

CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)

RED - GREEN - BLUE

NIR - RED - GREEN

QGIS APPLICATION ANALYSIS

9

NDVI

0 1

3 SEASONS SENTINEL-2 IMAGES

585000.00

590000.00

575000.00

580000.00

585000.00

590000.00

575000.00

CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)

580000.00

590000.00

5000000.00 4995000.00

5000000.00 4995000.00

SPRING

Cremona Municipality NDVI ≤ -0.5 -0.5 < NDVI ≤ 0 0 < NDVI ≤ 0.5 NDVI > 0.5

10

585000.00

5005000.00

580000.00

4km

5005000.00

575000.00

2

QGIS APPLICATION ANALYSIS

SUMMER

AUTUMN

CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)

585000.00

VEGETATED AREAS

4km

590000.00

3 SEASONS SENTINEL-2 IMAGES

575000.00

580000.00

585000.00

590000.00

575000.00

580000.00

585000.00

590000.00

5000000.00 4995000.00

4995000.00

5000000.00

5005000.00

580000.00

2

5005000.00

575000.00

0 1

SPRING

SUMMER

AUTUMN

Cremona Municipality High Density Vegetation NDVI ≤ 0.5 NDVI > 0.5 Low Density Vegetation NDVI ≤ 0.3 0.3 < NDVI ≤ 0.5

QGIS APPLICATION ANALYSIS

11

THREE-YEAR ANALYSIS long term evolution of built-up areas using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Tillage Index (NDTI) and Normalized Normalized Difference Built-Up Index (NDBI) in 2018-2020

12

QGIS APPLICATION ANALYSIS

1

2018

2km

580000.00

21 JUNE 2018 SENTINEL-2 IMAGES

585000.00

575000.00

580000.00

585000.00

5000000.00 4995000.00

4995000.00

5000000.00

5005000.00

575000.00

0

5005000.00

CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)

TRUE COLOR

FALSE COLOR

RED - GREEN - BLUE

NIR - RED - GREEN

QGIS APPLICATION ANALYSIS

13

2019

0

13 JUNE 2019 SENTINEL-2 IMAGES

585000.00

575000.00

580000.00

QGIS APPLICATION ANALYSIS

585000.00

5000000.00 4995000.00

5000000.00 4995000.00

14

CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)

5005000.00

580000.00

2km

5005000.00

575000.00

1

TRUE COLOR

FALSE COLOR

RED - GREEN - BLUE

NIR - RED - GREEN

1

2020

2km

580000.00

20 JUNE 2020 SENTINEL-2 IMAGES

585000.00

575000.00

580000.00

585000.00

5000000.00 4995000.00

4995000.00

5000000.00

5005000.00

575000.00

0

5005000.00

CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)

TRUE COLOR

FALSE COLOR

RED - GREEN - BLUE

NIR - RED - GREEN

QGIS APPLICATION ANALYSIS

15

NDVI

0

3 YEARS SENTINEL-2 IMAGES

585000.00

575000.00

580000.00

585000.00

575000.00

4km

CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)

580000.00

585000.00

5000000.00 4995000.00

4995000.00

5000000.00

5005000.00

580000.00

2

5005000.00

575000.00

1

2018

2020

Cremona Municipality

These maps show the NDVI in pseudocolour representation, with dark green corresponding to high density vegetation (NDVI>0.5)

NDVI ≤ -0.5

and light green representing less dense vegetation (0.3<NDVI<0.5).

-0.5 < NDVI ≤ 0 0 < NDVI ≤ 0.5 NDVI > 0.5

16

2019

QGIS APPLICATION ANALYSIS

CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)

2

585000.00

VEGETATED AREAS

4km

3 YEARS SENTINEL-2 IMAGES

575000.00

580000.00

585000.00

575000.00

580000.00

585000.00

5000000.00 4995000.00

4995000.00

5000000.00

5005000.00

580000.00

1

5005000.00

575000.00

0

2018

2019

2020

Over the period of three years it can be observed that there has been a slight decrease in density from 2018 to 2019, followed

Cremona Municipality

by a subsequent increase in density of vegetation in 2020. Extracting the vegetation cover from NDVI helps in analysing the

High Density Vegetation

transformation of the green areas over the years.

NDVI ≤ 0.5 NDVI > 0.5 Low Density Vegetation NDVI ≤ 0.3 0.3 < NDVI ≤ 0.5

QGIS APPLICATION ANALYSIS

17

NDTI

0

3 YEARS SENTINEL-2 IMAGES

585000.00

575000.00

580000.00

585000.00

575000.00

4km

CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)

580000.00

585000.00

5000000.00 4995000.00

4995000.00

5000000.00

5005000.00

580000.00

2

5005000.00

575000.00

1

2018

2020

Cremona Municipality

These maps show the NDTI calculated using bands 11 and 12 correspond to SWIR (Short Wave Infrared). This pseudocolour

NDTI ≤ 0

representation highlights the built-up areas in dark orange (0<NDTI<0.1)

0 < NDTI ≤ 0.1 0.1 < NDTI ≤ 0.4 NDTI > 0.4

18

2019

QGIS APPLICATION ANALYSIS

CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)

2

585000.00

NDTI BUILT-UP

4km

3 YEARS SENTINEL-2 IMAGES

575000.00

580000.00

585000.00

575000.00

580000.00

585000.00

5000000.00 4995000.00

4995000.00

5000000.00

5005000.00

580000.00

1

5005000.00

575000.00

0

2018

2019

2020

Extracting the built-up areas from NDTI, it can be observed that although it is accurate in terms of representating the built, there

Cremona Municipality

is a certain percentage of inaccuracy due to which, some agricultural fields are also highlighted.

NDTI Built-up Analysis NDTI > 0.1 (non-built) 1 < NDTI â&#x2030;¤ 0.1 (built)

QGIS APPLICATION ANALYSIS

19

NDBI

0

3 YEARS SENTINEL-2 IMAGES

585000.00

575000.00

580000.00

585000.00

575000.00

4km

CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)

580000.00

585000.00

5000000.00 4995000.00

4995000.00

5000000.00

5005000.00

580000.00

2

5005000.00

575000.00

1

2018

2020

Cremona Municipality

Comparing NDTI with other indices representing the built-up, namely NDBI and BUI, with the satellite image as reference, it is

NDBI ≤ 0

observed that NDTI represents most effectively, the built-up area, in comparison to NDBI and BUI.

0 < NDBI ≤ 0.1 NDBI > 0.1

20

2019

QGIS APPLICATION ANALYSIS

CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)

2

585000.00

BUI

4km

3 YEARS SENTINEL-2 IMAGES

575000.00

580000.00

585000.00

575000.00

580000.00

585000.00

5000000.00 4995000.00

4995000.00

5000000.00

5005000.00

580000.00

1

5005000.00

575000.00

0

2018

2019

2020

Most of the built fabric is not represented accurately in the case of NDBI and even less, in BUI, in which the waterbodies are

Cremona Municipality

prominent along with the built, and there is very poor distinguishment between built-up and bare soil.

BUI ≤ -1 -1 < BUI ≤ 0 0 < BUI ≤ 1 BUI > 1

QGIS APPLICATION ANALYSIS

21

BUILT AREA COMPARISON

0

NDTI, NDBI, BUI USING SENTINEL-2 IMAGES 2020

585000.00

575000.00

580000.00

585000.00

4km

575000.00

CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)

580000.00

585000.00

5000000.00 4995000.00

4995000.00

5000000.00

5005000.00

580000.00

2

5005000.00

575000.00

1

NDTI 2020

NDBI 2020

Cremona Municipality

Cremona Municipality

Cremona Municipality

NDTI ≤ 0

NDBI ≤ 0

BUI ≤ -1

0 ≤ NDTI ≤ 0.1

0 < NDBI ≤ 0.1

-1 < BUI ≤ 0

0.1 < NDTI ≤ 0.4

NDBI > 0.1

0 < BUI ≤ 1

NDTI > 0.4

NDTI ≤ 0.1 (non-built)

BUI > 1

NDTI > 0.1 (non-built)

NDTI > 0.1 (built)

BUI ≤ 0 (non-built)

0 < NDTI ≤ 0.1 (built)

0 ≤ NDTI ≤ 0.1 gives a clear distinction between the built fabric (dark orange) against the agricultural landscape (lightest orange) which represents bare soil.

22

BUI 2020

QGIS APPLICATION ANALYSIS

0 < BUI ≤ 1 (built)

NDBI > 0.1 represents the built fabric. However, compared to NDTI, it does not cover certain built areas on the periphery of the historic center towrads the west.

0 ≤ BUI ≤ 1ideally highlights the built-up and bare soil areas. However, it is observed that the areas hightighted are the least accurate compared to NDTI and NDBI. The index has also highlighted the waterbody.

NEW URBAN GREENS new urban green areas to be integrated into the database using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)

QGIS APPLICATION ANALYSIS

23

NEW URBAN GREEN

585000.00

575000.00

580000.00

585000.00

2

575000.00

4km

CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)

580000.00

5000000.00 4995000.00

5000000.00 4995000.00

NDVI > 0

24

585000.00

5005000.00

580000.00

1

5005000.00

575000.00

0

NDVI 0.25

NDVI > 0.5

NDVI ≤ 0

NDVI ≤ 0.25

NDVI ≤ 0.5

NDVI > 0

NDVI > 0.25

NDVI > 0.5

QGIS APPLICATION ANALYSIS

CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)

1

NDVI PSEUDOCOLOR

2km

585000.00

575000.00

580000.00

585000.00

5000000.00 4995000.00

4995000.00

5000000.00

5005000.00

580000.00

5005000.00

575000.00

0

NDVI > 0.25

NDVI PSEUDOCOLOR

NDVI ≤ 0.25

NDVI ≤ -0.5

NDVI > 0.25

-0.5 < NDVI ≤ 0.3 -0.3 < NDVI ≤ 0 0 < NDVI ≤ 3 3 < NDVI ≤ 5

QGIS APPLICATION ANALYSIS

25

NEW URBAN GREEN

0

MACRO SCALE

1

2km

CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)

Municipality of Cremona New Urban Green

4995000.00

5000000.00

Existing Urban Green

26

QGIS APPLICATION ANALYSIS

575000.00

580000.00

585000.00

CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)

0

0.5

NEW URBAN GREEN

1km

MICRO SCALE

Municipality of Cremona New Urban Green

4996000.00

4998000.00

5000000.00

Existing Urban Green

578000.00

580000.00

582000.00

584000.00

QGIS APPLICATION ANALYSIS

27

28

TERRITORIAL ANALYSIS large scale analysis of the province, identifying aspects related to the quality of the green areas and the different ecosystems that compose the Cremona landscape

29

HISTORY

1555 - 1617

30

TERRITORIAL ANALYSIS

1661 - 1711

1820 - 1840

Above (L-R): (1) Lombardy, Italy (2) Cremona Province,

The province of Cremona is formed by a series of natural physical

Lombardy (3) City of Cremona

processes, most notably by water, and by human factors. Water and

direction. Even the farms differ according to their locations.

people are concentrated at towns and villages, canals, artificial river banks,

and the traces of Roman and Late Medieval roads. The waterways have

of Cremona have enclosed yards determined by defensive needs (fortified

important recreational and wildlife values.

farms) and those in the Casalmaggiore area are characterized by their

The main task that people had to undertake in the past was the

mixed typologies. The main elements which characterize the Cremonese

transformation of vast areas for agricultural use which were previously

landscape include: river valleys, canals, the area of fontanili, an area of

inaccessible and unhealthy. The present landscape still shows the signs of this

higher ground and mounds, the dead Navigli River system, and the high

slow process of â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;conqueringâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; the marshes for agriculture. This transformation

Cremona plain.

was accomplished by careful hydrological management, which had to

consider even subtle changes in the elevation.

escarpments and significant full river systems, is especially rich in humid areas

with landscapes of outstanding natural beauty, noteworthy for its peculiar

We, thus, find the Crema plain to the north - rich in water courses

and other morphologically significant features, with the flow axes running

developmental origin and with few water courses, running in a west east The Crema farms are comprised of juxtaposed elements, while those

The Po Valley, characterized by its wide territorial coverage, small

bodri.

from north to south. In the south, the Cremona plain, of older geological

TERRITORIAL ANALYSIS

31

WATER BODIES 5040000.00

Province of Cremona Administrative Limits Rivers and channels Artificial Reservoirs Surface Water Bodies Natural River Bed

Serio River

5020000.00

Floodplains

Adda River

Oglio River 5000000.00

0

5

4980000.00

Po River

10km

CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)

32

TERRITORIAL ANALYSIS

540000.00

560000.00

580000.00

600000.00

620000.00

For Aquifer Group A, the network is characterized by a good territorial distribution, also in relation to the existing pressures. In addition to piezometers, the monitoring points also consist of some wells for drinking purposes.

For Aquifer Groups B and C, the monitoring points consist exclusively of wells for drinking purposes.

A dense hydrographic line of an artificial nature, consisting of canals and canals, also characterizes the countryside.

The province is totally devoid QUALITATIVE NETWORK 2012

QUALITATIVE NETWORK 2012

above left

above right

of reliefs, but the territory is shaped by the river valleys, both of the current rivers and

Province of Cremona

Province of Cremona

of the relict ones (Serio Morto,

Urban Areas

Urban Areas

Water Courses

Water Courses

Morbasco, Delma, Lisso, etc.)

Local Water

Local Water

Acquifer Group A

Acquifer Group A

Acquifer Group B

Acquifer Group B

Acquifer Group C

Acquifer Group C

which have modulated the plain with slight undulations and small deep depressions a few meters above the floodplain.

TERRITORIAL ANALYSIS

33

PROTECTED AREAS 5040000.00

Province of Cremona Administrative Limits Regional-National Parks

0

5

4980000.00

5000000.00

5020000.00

Local Parks

10km

CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)

34

TERRITORIAL ANALYSIS

540000.00

560000.00

580000.00

600000.00

620000.00

The GOLENA DEL PO PARK is

PARCO DEL PO E DEL MORBASCO,

TORNO RIVER PARK extends over

a local park of supra-municipal

established in 1999, covers a stretch

flat areas crossed by a vast network

Interest, located in Casalmaggiore

of the river territory of Gerre de’

of watercourses developped within

on the banks of the Po river, in the

Caprioli, a Municipality situated

the catchment area of the ​​ Tormo

floodplain area of the ​​ city. The

along the left bank of the River Po,

river. Many fountains (important

park covers the floodplain areas of

about 2 km in the south of Cremona.

evidence of the ancient rural

the Po river in the municipalities of

The topographical conformation is

landscape) are registered only in the

Casalmaggiore and Martignana

characterized by sublevel surfaces

park, which constitutes a connection

Po. The vegetation aspect is the

slightly degrading towards the

between the largest “strip of

characterizing element of the

bed of the river Po and towards

fountains” of the Lombard plain and

landscape.

the south-east. secondary but

the Adda river (to the south).

particularly developed water system which is mainly represented by reclamation channels.

The PARCO DEI FONTANILI DI

The territory intended for the

MOSO PARK is underlined by

CAPRALBA was recognized with a

PIANALTO DI ROMANENGO AND

the strong presence of various

resolution of the Provincial Council

CREMONESE NAVIGLI PARK

watercourses including the Vacchelli

of Cremona in 2003. The tour of the

embraces a large territorial area

Canal and the Cresmiero Canal and

fountains around the small village of

coinciding, in its most important

the constant presence of vegetation

the Bassa allows you to appreciate

nucleus, with the “Pianalto di

distributed in rows, poplar groves,

a spectacle of nature, but also a

Romanengo” which represents a

wooded strips and partly from

great heritage for rural life. Magic of

residual strip of an ancient level of

stretches of areas with more distinctly

the springs that seem to spring out

the Po Valley. This morphological rise

natural characteristics in which

of nowhere and that give life to an

rises about ten meters above the

various species of birds can nest.

oasis.

fundamental level of the plain.

TERRITORIAL ANALYSIS

35

FOREST AREAS 5040000.00

Province of Cremona Administrative Limits

0

5

4980000.00

5000000.00

5020000.00

Forest Areas

10km

CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)

36

TERRITORIAL ANALYSIS

540000.00

560000.00

580000.00

600000.00

620000.00

RIPARIAN WOOD

SOFT WOOD FLOODPLAIN FOREST

STRONG WOOD FLOODPLAIN FOREST

In the contours of the marsh basins an

It is an arboreal complex that includes various

Wth the appearance of the elm (Ulmus

arboreal vegetation usually develops

vegetational aspects, grouped under this

minor), the greater ash (Fraxinus excelsior)

essentially consisting of white willow which

conventional definition because they are

and some sporadic specimens of linden

represents the most simplified woodland

dominated by softwood species, among

(Tilia platyphyllos), the floodplain wood is

formation. The qualities of this tree species

which poplars form the best represented

established and a strong bond in which the

allow it to quickly establish itself on soils

component. It settles on soils subject only

presence of the oak is normal. , is almost

subject to seasonal submersion, giving

occasionally to river floods which are however

exclusively identified with the English oak

rise to fairly dense forest coenosis, mostly

well tolerated by the constitutive species. In

(Quercus robur). The area occupied by

monospecific. Thus a wood of generally

the case of spontaneous formations, now

this arboreal consortium is not affected, if

contained height (from 10-12m up to about

very rare and of small size, a structure can

not exceptionally, by river floods and the

20m) is set, dominated by an arboreal plain

be observed, attested to around 20 and

deposition of alluvial silt. The forestry examples

normally devoid of statification except

even 25m, but, being usually uneven, it has

of this genus, present in the province,

towards the margins or in the clearings.

different levels of height and, often, shows

sometimes retain a well-established and

Instead, the herbaceous layer formed by tall

large discontinuities.

articulated structure: they are mostly unsettled

The presence of woods is currently modest. The most significant wooded areas are found along the course of the PO, from Cremona Municipality to south of the province. There are no woods or arboreal formations of a certain importance along the northen zone. The woods present in the area are mainly composed of: - the riparian wood - the soft wood floodplain forest - the strong wood floodplain forest

grasses and by invasive species, capable of

woods with variable coverage, but at times

very high coverages and almost always close

rather high, framed by clearings or clearings

to 100%, takes on importance within the latter.

where the shrub phase prevails.

TERRITORIAL ANALYSIS

37

CULTIVATED MEADOWS 5040000.00

Province of Cremona Administrative Limits Vineyards Orchards Arable Lands in Irrigated Areas Arable Lands Rice Fields

5020000.00

Meadows, Grasslands, Water Meadows Vegetable Gardens Nurseries

0

5

4980000.00

5000000.00

Uncultivated Pastures

10km

CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)

38

TERRITORIAL ANALYSIS

540000.00

560000.00

580000.00

600000.00

620000.00

AGRICULTURAL LAND COVER (%) Total Agricultural Area

AVERAGE VALUE OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF AGRICULTURAL LANDS 85.5

AMOUNT OF AGRICULTURAL LAND

Arable Lands

4.95

Utilized Agricultural Land (UAA)

Arable Crops 80.7

Arable Lands in Irrigated Meadows

5.50

Land 177.1

Permanent Crops

3.5

Water Meadows 4.40

Permanent Pastures 1.2

Orchards 4.22

Change in % (1999-2007)

-1.6

Uncultivated Productive Land

Absolute Average Annual

300

0.53

UAA/Land (%)

135.5 76.5

*In this region, the Province of Cremona has the greatest share of UAA to total surface.

*Unit of Measure: Euro x sqm

*In this region, the Province of Cremona has the greatest share of agricltural land.

PRODUCTION OF VARIOUS ITEMS

WINE GRAPES: SURFACE AREAS OF CULTIVATION AND OUTPUT

Corn Area 23.000

Total Area 29

Corn Total Production

2.990

Area in Production 29

Corn Harvested Production

2.990

Total Production 1.392

Sorghum Area

350

Production Harvest 1.392

Sorghum Total Production

28.000

Sorghum Harvested Production

28.00

Other Cereals Area

58

Other Cereals Total Production

2.030

Other Cereals Harvested Production

2.030

*Unit of Measure: values in quintals for grapes and wine

*Unit of Measure: area in hectares (ha), production in quintals (q)

TERRITORIAL ANALYSIS

39

URBAN GREENS 5040000.00

Province of Cremona Administrative Limits Flowerbeds Trees Gardens Meadows

0

5

4980000.00

5000000.00

5020000.00

Hedges

10km

CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)

40

TERRITORIAL ANALYSIS

540000.00

560000.00

580000.00

600000.00

620000.00

URBAN PARKS IN CREMONA left-right, top-bottom

01

Giardino Papa Giovanni Paolo II

02

Giardino di Piazza Marconi

03

Parco del Vecchio Passeggio

04

Giardino dei Profumi

05

Parco di Porta Mosa

06

Giardino di Piazza Castello

07

Giardino di Piazza Fiume

08

Giardino Giovanni Palatucci

09

Giardini di Borgo Loreto

10

Giardino di via Orti Romani

11

Parco Rita Levi Montalcini

12

Giardino città di Alaquàs

13

Giardini del Cambonino

14

Giardino di via Zana

15

Parco Ex Colonie Padane

16

Parco Iginio Sartori

17

Parco Tognazzi

18

Parco al Po - Maffo Vialli

19

Parco del Lugo

20

Lanca Bosconello

21

Parco Bissolati

22

Giardini di Sant’Ambrogio

23

Giardini del Boschetto

24

Parco Stradivari

25

Parco Caprera

26

Parco Asia

27

Giardino Falcone e Borsellino

28

Giardini di San Felice e San Savino

29

Giardino Braille

30

Giardino di via Argine Panizza

31

Parco Rosa Mariani

32

Parco Cascinetto

33

Giardino Albero della Libertà

34

Giardino di Piazza Caccia

35

Giardino delle Farfalle

TERRITORIAL ANALYSIS

41

5040000.00

TREES

Province of Cremona Administrative Limits Rows of Trees

0

5

4980000.00

5000000.00

5020000.00

Isolated Trees

10km

CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)

42

TERRITORIAL ANALYSIS

540000.00

560000.00

580000.00

600000.00

620000.00

Acer campastre

Ailanthus altissima

Alnus glutinosa

Alnus incana

Carpinus betulus

Castanea sativa

Celtis australis

Ficus carica

Fraxinus excelsior

Fraxinus ornus

Gleditsia triacanthos

Juglans nigra

Juglans regia

Maclura pomifera

Platanus hybrida

Populus alba

Populus canadensis

Populus canescens

Populus nigra

Populus termula

Prunus avium

Prunus cerasifera

Quercus cerris

Quercus robur

Robinia pseudoacacia

Salix alba

Tilia platyphyllos

Ulmus minor

TERRITORIAL ANALYSIS

43

RURAL & SEMI-RURAL 5040000.00

Province of Cremona Administrative Limits Rural and Semi-Rural Areas

0

5

4980000.00

5000000.00

5020000.00

Built Areas

10km

CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)

44

TERRITORIAL ANALYSIS

540000.00

560000.00

580000.00

600000.00

620000.00

RURAL MORPHOLOGIES

Milano The first agriculture area

The other agriculture pattern,

pattern, INTENSIVE

EXTENSIVE AGRICULTURAL

AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES,

ACTIVITIES, is typical of a much

is typical of the primary

smaller part of the province.

landscape in the province. It is

It is characterized by a high

characterized by an intensive

productive agricultural activity.

productive agricultural

A richer landscape exists, with

Parma, Reggio-Emilia,

activity based on a high use

smaller fields with tree lines

Modena, Carpi, Sassuolo

of chemical fertilizers and

and hedgerows and a close

pesticides.

irrigation canal network.

The FIRST SETTLEMENT

The SECOND SETTLEMENT

PATTERN is typical of both the

PATTERN consists of the

agricultural area patterns and

only two urban areas in

is characterized by rural villages

the province, the towns of

of between 500 and 2000

Cremona and

inhabitants. The villages are

Crema.

Vigevano, Pavia, Cremona, Piacenza

Bologna, Ravenna, Forli, Cesena

Rimini

URBAN AND PERI-URBAN MACRO REGION Cremona Area

This map demonstrates an interesting effect of the urbanization

Core Urban Municipalities

process that currently affects both regions that is the creation of

Peri-Urban Municipalities Other Municipalities

a sort of urban and peri-urban macro-region between Varese and Rimini. This happens as peri-urban areas of all small-medium cities extend and tend to contract and merge. This macroregion is the largest in Italy. Finally, the peri-urbanization of the whole area depends on agricultural intensification, changed preferences for industries and familyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s localization (ISTAT, 2019).

connected by little roads.

TERRITORIAL ANALYSIS

45

SYNTHESIS 5040000.00

TERRITORIAL SCALE

Province of Cremona Administrative Limits Street Network Vineyards Orchards Vegetable Gardens Arable Lands Irrigated Areas

5020000.00

Arable Lands Rice Fields Urban Parks Meadows, Grasslands, Water Meadows Forests Nurseries

0

5

4980000.00

5000000.00

Rivers and Channels

10km

CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)

46

TERRITORIAL SYNTHESIS

540000.00

560000.00

580000.00

600000.00

620000.00

From looking at the larger scale analysis we tried to rightly understand Cremona in its physical context. We come up with a variety of layers that speak the myriad of natural features the region has.

A dense hydrographic line of an artificial nature, consisting of canals and artificial riverbanks, characterizing both the city and the countryside. The waterways are a prominent asset for recreation and attracting the wildlife.

Tackling the protected areas, there was a conservation policy starting from the 1980s to preserve large areas affected by rapid development processes. The major intervention concerns the project called “Ten Great Forests of the Plains” which allowed the formation of vast green systems with multiple functions in harmony with the rural one.

Observing the agricultural scape, the land is formed following two main patterns. The first called `intensive agricultural activities’ is typical of the primary landscape in the province of Cremona. Both patterns are pointed by isolated ‘cascine’, which over 200 of them in province of Cremona are stated abandoned.

TERRITORIAL SYNTHESIS

47

5040000.00

ECOSYSTEMS

Province of Cremona Administrative Limits Rivers and Channels Surface Water Bodies Regional-National Parks Local Parks Flowerbeds Trees

5020000.00

Gardens Meadows Hedges Forest Areas

0

5

4980000.00

5000000.00

Rows of Trees

10km

CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)

48

TERRITORIAL SYNTHESIS

540000.00

560000.00

580000.00

600000.00

620000.00

5040000.00

RURAL MORPHOLOGIES Province of Cremona Administrative Limits Vineyards Orchards Arable Lands in Irrigated Areas Arable Lands Meadows, Grasslands, Water Meadows

5020000.00

Vegetable Gardens Nurseries

4980000.00

5000000.00

Agricultural Field Subdivisions

0

5

10km

CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)

540000.00

560000.00

580000.00

600000.00

620000.00

TERRITORIAL SYNTHESIS

49

50

MUNICIPAL ANALYSIS linking the Municipality of Cremona and the Po River using an analysis of the different urban and rural morpho-typologies, vegetation, and connection systems working in this particular territory

51

HISTORICAL MAPS

1702

52

MUNICIPAL ANALYSIS

1729

1889

1924

INFRASTRUCTURE GROWTH

1702

1729

1889

1924

Concerning the road infrastructure, this latter was mostly confined within the city wall and there was only one main connection to the river which was used for trades. In the 19th and 20th century, people started to utilise its strategic location, which is between Milan, Verona, and Genoa. Hence, most of the road infrastructure was developed on its connection. Also, more roads were formed to connect the city to the river, but this was mostly for military purposes.

MUNICIPAL ANALYSIS

53

HISTORICAL VALUE

Municipality of Cremona River Po Artificial Reservoir Floodplain Historical & Traditional Sign Historical Venue Historical Shop

4995000.00

5000000.00

Historical Activity

0

1

2km

CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)

54

MUNICIPAL ANALYSIS

575000.00

580000.00

585000.00

RELIGIOUS VALUE

CULTURAL VALUE Religious Value. Landscape Top (L-R): Seminario Vescovile Via Milano, Cremona Il Duomo e Battistero VG, Cremona Duomo Interno VG, Cremona Chiesa di S. Agata. Bottom (L-R): Cremona Chiesa S. Agata VG SB, Cremona Palazzo Citta Nova Edicola Corriere Lombardo, Cremona Duomo e Battistero VG FP, Vaiano

Cremasco

Veduta

Chiesa

Parrochiale.

Vertical (L-R): Cattedrale Madonna Della Grazie di A. Massarotti, Cremona Portale Del Duomo, Cremona Duomo e Torrazzo.

Cultural Value. Vertical: Cremona Scorrcio Panoramico VG Piega. Top (L-R): Saluti da Cremona Vedute Violino Stemma VG, Cremona La Galleria 25 Aprile, Saluti da Cremona Vedute Acquerellata VG, Pasticceria Milanese Ebbli. Bottom (L-R): Cremona Cortile del Palazzo Trecchi, Saluti da Cremona Vedute Stemma Acquerellata VG, Cremona Scorcio Panoramico Il Torrazzo Museum, Cremona Soc. Canottieri Baldesio La Piscina VG. Natural Value. Top (L-R): Cremona Veduta Panoramica Giardini Pubblici VG, Cremona Viale Po Rifilata Asportazioni Dietro VG SB, Cremona Il Ponte Sul Po Visto

NATURAL VALUE Salla Sirenella VG. Bottom (L-R): Piazza L. Cadorna Fontana

VG

Benzina

Shellesso, Tramonto

Cremona Sul

Fiume

Po, Cremona Piazza L. Cadorna Benzina

La Esso

Fontana Viaggiata

Rara. Vertical: Cremona Giardini

Pubblici

La

Fontana.

MUNICIPAL ANALYSIS

55

LAND USE

Municipality of Cremona Rivers and Channels Artificial Reservoirs Fruit Orchards Horticultural Lands Arable Lands Poplar Groves Greens, Meadows, Shrubs Parks, Gardens 5000000.00

Forests Riparian Wetland Water Basins

4995000.00

Cascine

0

1

2km

CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)

56

MUNICIPAL ANALYSIS

575000.00

580000.00

585000.00

1954

1999

It can be observed that around 85-90% of the area of the Cremona municipality comprised

Over the 45 year period, the residential and industrial facilities expanded widely, with the

of arable lands. The white areas represent the dense residential fabric with the historic

built fabric doubling up in surface area, expanding across the regions where the canal as

centre at its heart, and the settlements along river Po (artisanal, commercial and industrial).

well as river Po meet the municipality. The residential fabric is also distributed in fragments away from the centre.

2009

2018

While less change can be observed in the growth of the built fabric, there is a growing trend

Over the course of 60 years, there can be observed, a dense riparial axis running in the

in the distribution of fruit orchards, open field horticultural crops, meadows, and poplar

direction from West towards the city centre, along one of the linear water channels

groves all across the municipality region.

connecting to Po at the south-end of Cremona.

MUNICIPAL ANALYSIS

57

GEOMORPHOLOGY

Municipality of Cremona River Po Artificial Reservoir Buildings Soil Grain Very Fine Clay Fine Coarse 5000000.00

Fine Silty Soil Type Clay Frank Frank Silty Frank Silty Clay

4995000.00

Frank Sandy

0

1

2km

CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)

58

MUNICIPAL ANALYSIS

575000.00

580000.00

585000.00

GEOMORPHOLOGY SOIL GROUP

GEOMORPHOLOGY PLAIN TYPE

Municipality of Cremona

Municipality of Cremona

Buildings

Buildings

River Po

River Po

Artificial Reservoirs

Artificial Reservoirs

Calcisols

Floodable Plain

Cambisols

Low Plain

Fluvisols Luvisols

MUNICIPAL ANALYSIS

59

HYDRAULIC RISK

Municipality of Cremona River Po Artificial Reservoir Wet Area of Watercourse

4995000.00

5000000.00

Water Elements

0

1

2km

CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)

60

MUNICIPAL ANALYSIS

575000.00

580000.00

585000.00

PO RIVER ALARM PHASE Intervention 4

Intervention 2

The alarm phase is officially triggered when the level of the river po at the reference hydrometer (bridge of po) reaches

Intervention 3

+2.69m.

The alarm phase for the floodplain area is triggered when the maximum water level is about 0.5 m. from the roadway Intervention 1

in via Lungopo Europa, upstream of the bridge over the Po, equivalent to an altitude of + 2.69 m. of the free surface of the water with respect to the hydrometric zero, in anticipation of growth in the following 6-12 hours.

INTERVENTION 1

Arrangement of expansion areas in the stretch near the Lugo park

INTERVENTION 2

Adjustment of the expansion areas in the stretch between via Milano and via Acquaviva at the mouth of the Bonisolo spillway

INTERVENTION 3

Restoration of the hydraulic section between the bridge in Via Marasca Bassa and the bridge in via Acquaviva

INTERVENTION 4

Protection against regurgitation in the town of Cavatigozzi following the activation of the spillway in the navigable canal

YEAR AND MONTH

DURATION

MAX. LEVEL

1968 November

5 days

+5.35 m

1969 May 1976 October / November

3 days 20 days

+3.47 m +5.00 m

1977 May

14 days

+4.16 m

1977 September / October 1979 October

12 days 6 days

+5.17 m +4.22 m

1985 May

3 days

+3.10 m

1986 April

5 days

+3.40 m

1992 October 1993 September / October

6 days 20 days

+3.75 m +4.30 m

1994 November

4 days

+5.94 m

2000 October 2002 November 2009 April

4 days 7 days 3 days

+6.34 m +4.30 m +5.376 m

MUNICIPAL ANALYSIS

61

CULTIVATED MEADOWS

Municipality of Cremona River Po Artificial Reservoir Vineyards Orchards Arable Lands in Irrigated Areas Arable Lands Rice Fields 5000000.00

Meadows, Grasslands, Water Meadows Vegetable Gardens Nurseries

4995000.00

Uncultivated Pastures

0

1

2km

CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)

62

MUNICIPAL ANALYSIS

575000.00

580000.00

585000.00

AMOUNT OF AGRICULTURAL LAND

AGRICULTURAL LANDCOVER TYPES

PRODUCTION OF VARIOUS ITEMS It is identified that with respect to the total available agricultural land in the Cremona province, the utilized agricultural land takes up to 76.5 percentage. In this part of agriculture land cover, arable crops take up the higher land coverage in comparision with the permanent crops.

Considering

the

land

value,

calculated

as euros multiplied by square meters, the average value of orchards takes the upper hand, followed by arable irrigated areas, arable lands, and meadows. And the least being

the

uncultivated

productive

land.

Other major production of crops which are prominent in the region of Cremona are corn,

Utilized Agricultural Land

Arable Crops

Corn Production Area

Other Land Use

Permanent Crops

Sorghum Production Area

harvested production is almost equivalent to the

Permanent Pastures

Other Cereals Area

total production, which is measured in quintals.

sorghum, and other cereals, where the total

MUNICIPAL ANALYSIS

63

URBAN GREENS

Municipality of Cremona River Po Artificial Reservoir Flowerbeds Trees Gardens Meadows

4995000.00

5000000.00

Hedges

0

1

2km

CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)

64

MUNICIPAL ANALYSIS

575000.00

580000.00

585000.00

PARCHI LOCALI DI INTERESSE SOVRACOMUNALE (PLIS) The PLIS are parks that arise “from below”, by the express will of the local administrations. They constitute elements of “environmental reconstruction”

aimed

at

safeguarding

the

landscape-

environmental values ​​of supra-municipal interest, in relation to the surrounding urban and natural context. The PLIS established by the Municipalities are subjected to provincial evaluation aimed at recognizing , through a provincial council resolution, the supramunicipal character of the area. Currently, 8 parks have been recognized in the Province of Cremona: Parco del Fiume Tormo, Parco dei Fontanili, Parco Agricolo del Moso, Parco del Pianalto di Romanengo e della valle dei Navigli Cremonesi, Parco di Ariadello e della Valle dei Navigli, Parco del Serio Morto, Parco del Po e del Morbasco, and Parco della Golena del Po. PARCO DEL PO E DEL MORBASCO The park was established in 1999 and occupies a portion of the riparian territory of Gerre de ‘Caprioli, a municipality located on the left bank of the River Po, about 2 km south of Cremona. The topographical conformation is characterized by sub-flat surfaces slightly degrading towards the bed of the River Po and towards the south-east, where there is a dense secondary hydrographic network particularly developed, mainly represented by drainage channels.

The park, covering 500 hectares, is crossed by carriage roads, floodplain embankments, and minor paths that connect the various environments. The paths are easy and allow the parks recreational and informative function while respecting nature.

There are three main nature trails in the park: anong the Cavo Morta, the Morbasco, and the Po River.

The park has become a place to go on weekends– for walking, cycling, horseback riding, or attending the Sunday street market.

The most populated center is Bosco Ex Parmigiano, located on the left bank of the Po, while the area called Isolone is located on the right bank.

MUNICIPAL ANALYSIS

65

ECOLOGICAL INTEREST

Municipality of Cremona River Po Artificial Reservoir Green Areas Local Parks Other Woods Woods

5000000.00

Ecological Interest

4995000.00

A

B

0

1

2km

CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)

66

MUNICIPAL ANALYSIS

575000.00

580000.00

585000.00

PATTERNS OF ECOLOGICAL INTEREST AND RELATIONSHIP WITH PO RIVER

GROWTH OF THE “GREAT PLAIN FORESTS” REFORESTATION PROJECT (1940s vs PRESENT)

A

B The recovery of the floodplain area, through actions aimed at increasing the wooded areas, creating about 40 Ha of woods (10 Large lowland forests, Multifunctional Green Systems).

The most significant intervention in terms of interest and breadth of areas involved concerns the “Un Po di Foreste” project as part of the regional initiative called “Ten Great Forests of the Plains” which allowed the formation of vast green systems with multiple functions in harmony with the rural system and the guidelines of the European policy for the improvement of the quality of life and the environment, with the aim of rebalancing the territory, reducing pollution and increasing biodiversity. This program has allowed the start of a complex forestation operation of stable and typical species of the Po Valley.

MUNICIPAL ANALYSIS

67

RURAL & SEMI-RURAL A

Municipality of Cremona River Po Artificial Reservoir Buildings Rural & Semi-Rural

B

Identified Pattern

5000000.00

C

4995000.00

D

0

1

2km

CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)

68

MUNICIPAL ANALYSIS

575000.00

580000.00

585000.00

PATTERN A

PATTERN C

intensive

first

agricultural

settlement

activities

pattern

PATTERN B

PATTERN D

extensive

second

agricultural

settlement

activities

pattern

MUNICIPAL ANALYSIS

69

TREES

Municipality of Cremona River Po Artificial Reservoir Woods Other Woods

4995000.00

5000000.00

Tree Rows

0

1

2km

CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)

70

MUNICIPAL ANALYSIS

575000.00

580000.00

585000.00

The

family,

Salix alba

Populus termula

Salicaceae

the

a

family,

of

most

Poplar cultivation is the

Widespread

throughout

the provincial territory, the black

flowering plants. The traditional

throughout the Po floodplain. The

poplar appears above all along

family (Salicaceae sensu stricto)

poplar groves present along the

the river courses, but it can

included

poplar,

course of Adda and Oglio also

also be found in the remaining

aspen, and cottonwoods. Under

have great extension, especially

countryside,

the

all

in the central-southern sectors, as

degraded areas, such as disused

members of the family are trees

well as along the Serio and often,

quarries or other. In the tree-lined

or shrubs that have simple leaves

even in the open countryside of

rows it has disappeared almost

with alternate arrangement and

the fundamental level of the plain.

everywhere, replaced by the now

temperate members are usually

Finally, the Euro-American hybrid

ubiquitous hybrid poplar, more

deciduous. Most members have

poplars are the most cultivated

profitable economically.

serrate or dentate leaf margins,

arboreal plants in rows along

and those that have such toothed

irrigation canals, on the edge of

margins all exhibit salicoid teeth.

fields and roads, and wherever it

the

willows,

circumscription,

widespread

cultivation

new

willow

are

in

marginal

or

is possible to plant some trees.

Populus nigra

Populus canescens

Populus canadensis

Juglans regia

Prunus cerasifera

Populus alba

Juglans nigra

Prunus avium

Acer campastre

Ailanthus altissima

Alnus glutinosa

Platanus hybrida

Salicaceae

Juglandaceae

Rosaceae

Aceraceae

Simaroubaceae

Betulaceae

Platanaceae

Quercus robur Robinia pseudoacacia

Fagaceae

Leguminosae

Ulmus minor

Ulmaceae

MUNICIPAL ANALYSIS

71

SYNTHESIS MUNICIPAL SCALE

NATURAL ENVIRONMENT flowerbeds trees gardens meadows woods water elements

72

MUNICIPAL SYNTHESIS

MANMADE ENVIRONMENT cascine historical places cultivated meadows uncultivated pasture floodplain

With the municipal scale analysis, we have taken into consideration these factors that would be impactful for our strategical proposal.

Firstly, the areas of the historic floodplain of the Po and the adjoining fluvial territories are of fundamental importance in the development of the Cremonese territory linked to the irrigating waters of the productive countryside. This being said, urban landmarks, historical avenues and water flows can go hand in hand to interlace with the green system offering a complete wisely used and appealingly apprehended landscape.

Secondly, regarding the cascines,(where quite a lot have been abandoned) specifically the ones located close enough to larger urban areas as Cremona are often specialized in cultivating fresh perishable vegetables that were very profitable in urban markets.

Therefore, an activation of these rural identity-holders will allow a contextual response nay a land palimpsest.

Lastly, Cremona has a respectable consistency of green heritage, in relation to its size, particularly concentrated in the riparian belt of the Po Park and in the areas outside the historic centre and the old city walls. There are also areas with leisure furniture throughout the municipality along with few bike paths whose itineraries cross the floodplain areas. Many of these areas were created to complete subdivision interventions. In coordination with Regione Lombardia and the Provincial Administration, it was possible to benefit from funding for the construction of new woodlands.

MUNICIPAL SYNTHESIS

73

NATURAL ENVIRONMENT

Municipality of Cremona River Po Wet Area of Watercourse Water Elements Flowerbeds Trees Gardens Meadows Woods 5000000.00

Other Woods

4995000.00

Tree Rows

0

1

2km

CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)

74

MUNICIPAL SYNTHESIS

575000.00

580000.00

585000.00

MANMADE ENVIRONMENT

Municipality of Cremona River Po Artificial Reservoir Floodplain Shops and Historical Places Cascine Historical & Traditional Sign Historical Venue 5000000.00

Historical Shop Historical Activity Cultivated Meadows Vineyards Orchards Arable Lands in Irrigated Areas Arable Lands Rice Fields Meadows, Grasslands, Water Meadows Vegetable Gardens Nurseries

4995000.00

Uncultivated Pastures

0

1

2km

CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)

575000.00

580000.00

585000.00

MUNICIPAL SYNTHESIS

75

76

FOCUS AREA ANALYSIS rediscovery of neglected landscapes using human level point-of-view analysis and identifying the gaze of the users

77

HISTORICAL SITES

A

River Po Artificial Reservoir Floodplain

4998000.00

Historical & Traditional Sign Historical Venue Historical Shop Historical Activity Main Path

4996000.00

B

0

250

500m

CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)

78

FOCUS AREA ANALYSIS

580000.00

582000.00

VIEW A

VIEW B

Piazza Antonio Stradivari & Cremona Torrazza

Lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Imbarcadero di Pedroni Gaia Impresa Individuale

FOCUS AREA ANALYSIS

79

HYDRAULIC RISK

River Po Medium Danger Flood Medium Hydraulisk Risk

4998000.00

Low Danger Flood

A

High Hydraulic Risk Main Path

4996000.00

B

0

250

500m

CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)

80

FOCUS AREA ANALYSIS

C

580000.00

582000.00

VIEW A Floodplain: In The City

VIEW B Floodplain: Agricultural Lands

VIEW C Floodplain: Riverside

FOCUS AREA ANALYSIS

81

FORESTS

River Po Local Parks Woods 4998000.00

Other Woods Main Path

A

4996000.00

C

0

250

500m

B CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)

82

FOCUS AREA ANALYSIS

580000.00

582000.00

VIEW B Monofunctional Infrastructure

A Stratified Urban-Rural Landscapes

C Deforested Riparian Landscape

FOCUS AREA ANALYSIS

83

CULTIVATED MEADOWS

River Po Buildings Main Path 4998000.00

A

B

4996000.00

C

0

250

500m

CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)

84

FOCUS AREA ANALYSIS

580000.00

582000.00

A

Transition from Urban Fabric to Cultivated

B

Transition from Public Urban Green to More Rural

Meadows with Tree Lines along the Path

Cultivated Meadows

C

Landscape along the Riparian Area of the River Po

FOCUS AREA ANALYSIS

85

URBAN PARKS

River Po Parco Lanca Bosconello Parco Avventura Cremona 4998000.00

Parco Lungo Po Europa Camping Parco al Po Parco al Po Maffo Vialli Parco Colonie Padane Parco Igino Sartori

4996000.00

Main Path

0

250

500m

CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)

86

FOCUS AREA ANALYSIS

580000.00

582000.00

Camping Parco al Po

Parco Igino Sartori

Parco Lungo Po Europa

Parco Colonie Padane

Parco Lanca Bosconello

Parco al Po Maffo Vialli

Parco Avventura Cremona

FOCUS AREA ANALYSIS

87

TREES

River Po Tree Lines

4998000.00

Main Path

8

7

6 5

4

4996000.00

3

0

250

500m

2

1

CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)

88

FOCUS AREA ANALYSIS

580000.00

582000.00

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

FOCUS AREA ANALYSIS

89

RURAL & SEMI-RURAL

River Po

A

Buildings

4998000.00

Main Path

B

4996000.00

C

0

250

500m

CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)

90

FOCUS AREA ANALYSIS

580000.00

582000.00

PATTERN A

VIEW A

PATTERN B

VIEW B

PATTERN C

VIEW C

FOCUS AREA ANALYSIS

91

LANDSCAPE PERCEPTION POINT 1 CULTURAL LANDSCAPE River Po Heightened Perception Framed View 4998000.00

Panoramic View View Cone Symbolic Landmarks Pedestrian Path Bicycle Path Main Path

4996000.00

POINT 2 AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPE

92

FOCUS AREA ANALYSIS

580000.00

582000.00

4998000.00

POINT 3 TREE-LINED AVENUE

4996000.00

POINT 4 EXPLORATIVE PATH

0

250

500m

CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)

580000.00

582000.00

FOCUS AREA ANALYSIS

93

SYNTHESIS FOCUS AREA SCALE From the analysis of the focus area we can say that the

NATURAL ENVIRONMENT

CIRCULATION INFRASTRUCTURE

LANDMARKS

observerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s view is influenced by several elements along

tree-lined streets

cycle circulation area

buildings & built-up spaces

this path, as we walk from the historic centre towards river

isolated trees

pedestrian circulation area

parks & natural landmarks

Po. In the city centre it focuses on the cultural landscapes

urban parks

vehicular circulation area

and also provides visual frames of historically significant

agricultural areas

structures. There is a change in the paving which marks the

water & particular formations

transition from the historic centre outwards.

Moving away from the city centre, we observe that, at the junction where the path takes a turn, there is an abandoned structure with a tower that becomes a landmark along this path. We then begin to approach the agricultural fields, where the landscape directs the gaze. The agricultural fields align themselves along one edge while the row of trees along the other, thereby providing a panoramic view on the fields as seen in the perspective view. These row of trees create a serene experience along this pathway.

As we approach the river edge, the tree-lined edges define and frame the view, with a porous edge that merges into the Parco al Po Lanca Bosconello, the other end of our circuit.

Hence, the chosen strategy area can be defined as an in-between space which the two edges of it is the cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s urban landscape and the river Po. It has the double characteristic of dividing and connecting two opposite types of environments: the built and the rural one. The site is composed by a multitude of elements despite of what can be seen just at first sight. The main presence is the one of agricultural fields considered to be an advantage for the area thanks to their proximity to some residential cores of the city. In this case, a Peri-urban agriculture. This typology of landscape also hosts several Cascine.

Overall, we observe a possibility in developing a soft mobility on the main promenade with more integration with the agro-landscape.

94

FOCUS AREA SYNTHESIS

4998500.00

NATURAL ENVIRONMENT Isolated Trees Tree-Lined Street Water Elements Agricultural Area Crop Formations Uncultivated Pastures Alfalfa Soft Wheat Sorghum Grain 4998000.00

Ryegrass Corn Silage Urban Parks & Green Areas Particular Formations

4997500.00

Forests

4997000.00

0

100

200m

CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)

579000.00

579500.00

580000.00

580500.00

FOCUS AREA SYNTHESIS

95

CIRCULATION

4998500.00

INFRASTRUCTURE Vehicular Circulation Cycle Circulation Pedestrian Circulation Road Junctions Vehicle Pathway Cycle Pathway

4997500.00

4998000.00

Pedestrial Pathway

100

200m 4997000.00

0

CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)

96

FOCUS AREA SYNTHESIS

579000.00

579500.00

580000.00

580500.00

4998500.00

LANDMARKS Abandoned Building Cascina Historical & Traditional Sign Historical Activity Piazza Religious Site Historical Venue Cultural Site Historical Shop 4998000.00

Recreational Sites

4997500.00

Urban Park

4997000.00

0

100

200m

CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)

579000.00

579500.00

580000.00

580500.00

FOCUS AREA SYNTHESIS

97

98

FOCUS AREA CONCLUSION

STRATEGY proposed interventions at punctual points identified throughout the analysis that revitalize and reuse the existing landscape

99

STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT

100

URBAN AREA

URBAN - RURAL AREA

URBAN - RURAL AREA

improvement of the connectivity of historical landmarks

development of community gardens along the

outward expansion of the riparian area as an agro-forest

and cultural centers as green soft mobility pathways

urban side; regeneration of agricultural fields and

and peri-urban forest to interconnect with the urban parks

renaturalization of the river along the rural side

and rural landscape

STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT

STRATEGY MAP

4998500.00

1

Giardini Papa Giovanni

2

Piazza Stradivari

3

Cascina Via Boscone

4

Canal Renaturalization

5

Shared Street Vision

6

Sense of Direction

7

Continuous River Path

8

Panoramic Tower

4998000.00

2

1

3

4997500.00

5

6 4

7

8

4997000.00

0

100

200m

CRS: WGS 84 UTM 32 North (EPSG : 32632)

579000.00

579500.00

580000.00

580500.00

STRATEGY MAP

101

GIARDINI PAPA GIOVANNI URBAN AREA

The starting point of our path is the Giardini Papa Giovanni in the urban area. Being in the heart of the municipality, the park is currently isolated from the other natural areas of Cremona. Therefore, our strategy at this junction is to connect it to the more rural area by creating a series of tree-lined paths, thereby establishing a stronger relationship between the urban and the rural.

3

1

4

2

KEYMAP

102

STRATEGY INTERVENTION

EXISTING

STRATEGY ISOMETRIC & SECTION

PIAZZA STRADIVARI URBAN AREA

STRATEGY ISOMETRIC & SECTION

EXISTING

soft mobility pathways

permeable pavement

urban seating furniture

street lighting

planters with seating

visually leading patterns

KEYMAP

STRATEGY INTERVENTION

103

CASCINA VIA BOSCONE

POLLINATORS

URBAN - RURAL AREA crops protection wildlife habitat soil quality

The intensification of agricultural production systems during the last decades had an enormous impact on landscape structure in agro-ecosystems. Landscape elements like hedges and vegetational rich fieldmargins dissapeared and crops are cultivated in large monocultures. To let beneficial insects play a role in these â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;ecological desertsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; and to fullfill their food requirements in form of pollen and nectar the establishment of flowering field edges gets increasingly popular.

The palette that we propose is a combination of pollinaters, nitrogen fixers and suppressors to conserve the biodiversity in fields. All these flowers are common to Cremona region and grows perfectly regarding its climate conditions. The nitrogen fixers convert nitrogen of the air into usable form for soil. The pollinators plants attract bees and other pollinaters. The suppressors suppress the growth of harmful plants for the soil.

Part of the existing cascina will work as a flower market and a storage unit for the new yields.

KEYMAP

104

STRATEGY INTERVENTION

EXISTING

STRATEGY ISOMETRIC & SECTION

NITROGEN FIXERS

SUPPRESORS

CANAL RENATURALIZATION URBAN - RURAL AREA

IMPLANTATION : soft / MEDIUM / Hard This nature-based solution (NBS) needs specific calculations according to the situation and characterization of every river channel. It does create important modifications in the environment.

AMORTIZATION : short term / MEDIUM TERM / long term / no amortisation The terramesh system recovers the investment between 10 to 20 years.

WATER MANAGEMENT Modular terramesh walls provide effective flood protection by stabilising earth embankment.

GREEN SPACE MANAGEMENT Terramesh walls increase green areas around urban rivers and result in formation of new little ecosystems by creating green slopes.

PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELL-BEING Terramesh implementation enhances aesthetic values around rivers by replacing concrete river banks with soft green vegetation texture.

STRATEGY ISOMETRIC & SECTION

EXISTING

KEYMAP

STRATEGY INTERVENTION

105

SHARED STREET VISION URBAN - RURAL AREA

STEPPED SEATING

overlooking the fields

This junction develops into a bridge between Parco Igino Sartori and the fields, with a series of wooden platforms overlooking the fields. A new community garden is created within the park, with a new defined entrance replacing the existing entrance further ahead along this path. Provisions for a kiosk can allow the community garden produce to be sold in this square. The idea is to allow pedestrians and cyclists to pause, and absorb the transition towards the rural fabric, while ensuring preference for pedestrian movement over motorized transport.

community garden / park entrance to garden kiosk stepped seating fields

KEYMAP

106

STRATEGY INTERVENTION

EXISTING

STRATEGY ISOMETRIC & SECTION

WOOD KIOSK

selling of farm produce

NEW ENTRANCE

to Parco Igino Sartori

SENSE OF DIRECTION URBAN - RURAL AREA

The idea for this intervention is to humanize the main promenade of the path by setting a new configuration of the road with a green central median allowing pedestrians and cyclists to use the road safely. This median is equiped with a bioswale system that filters and collects water. This can be used then to irrigate the adjacent agricultural fields.

STRATEGY ISOMETRIC & SECTION

EXISTING

KEYMAP

STRATEGY INTERVENTION

107

CONTINUOUS RIVER PATH RURAL AREA

At present, the area directly beside the river serves as an escape for the locals to stroll, walk, and sometimes bike along. However, there is a lack of continuity in the paths that are adjacent to the river. Every so often there are private or inaccessible areas that prevent a continuous path enjoying the riverfront. The proposal is to relocate or adjoin these spaces to provide a better public space for people to enjoy and promote a better connection and acces to the water.

green public space sloped embankment direct access to riverfront panoramic view pedestrian and bike access

KEYMAP

108

STRATEGY INTERVENTION

EXISTING

STRATEGY ISOMETRIC & SECTION

PANORAMIC TOWER RURAL AREA

The

existing

space

has

the

following elements: 1) car park, 2) boat club, 3) natural areas, and 4) semi-private areas.

The strategy in this area is to convert the car park into a green public space and strengthening an attraction to the natural area by

introducing

a

panoramic

tower to have a view of the city, river, and green areas like the nearby agricultural fields, forests, etc.

STRATEGY ISOMETRIC & SECTION

EXISTING

KEYMAP

4 1 3 2

STRATEGY INTERVENTION

109

CONCLUSIONS

We acupunctured the proposed network with main points of pressure as areas of possible interventions. These interventions have two objectivesâ&#x20AC;&#x201C; establishing a stronger relationship between the urbal-rural and natural landscapes and secondly to renaturalize and regenerate the natural and rural landscapes in the respective scenarios.

Starting from the city center at Giardini Papa Giovanni, the goal was connect it to the countryside by creating a series of tree-lined paths. In the historical centre, we replaced the existing vehicular area with resting spots and green areas for people to linger around.

In the rural areas, we proposed the establishment of flowering field pockets with a combination of pollinators, nitrogen fixers, and suppressors to conserve the biodiversity in the fields by supporting the birds and insects that play an important role in these â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;ecological desertsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; by fulfilling their food requirements in the form of pollen and nectar. We also provided a community garden in the junction between urban and rural along with the provisions of kiosks for people to sell their produce.

In the natural zones, our implementation concerns the renaturalization of the canal, vertically crossing the main path, and separating the urban and the peri-urban areas. We proposed modular terramesh walls that will provide effective flood protection by stabilizing the earth embankment. Moreover, this will help increase green areas around the waterbed and result in formation of new ecosystems in the gradually generated ecotones. Our other interventions include the provision of a panoramic tower to provide a 360-degree view of the urban, rural, and natural landscapes, and the expansion of the bike route near the river to the currently inaccessible private areas to provide a better public space for users to enjoy and be aware of the waterscapes.

With these interventions we aim to achieve to our goal by creating a relationship between urban, rural, and natural through a green and a sustainable approach.

110

STRATEGY CONCLUSIONS

STRATEGY CONCLUSIONS

111

REFERENCES

1

ELLIS, Frank; SUMBERG, James (February 1998). “Food production, urban areas and policy responses”.

2

ZASADA, Ingo (October 2011). “Multifunctional peri-urban agriculture—A review of societal demands and the provision of

goods and services by farming”. Land Use Policy.

3

BERGER, Alan (2006), Drosscape, Princeton Architecture Press, 2006.

4

BUSQUETS Joan (2004), Bridging the Harvard Yards to the River, GSD.

5

CORBOZ, Andrée (2001) “La description entre lecture et écriture” in Le Territoire comme palimpseste et autres essais, Paris, Les

Éditions de l’Imprimeur, p. 249-256.

6

HOLLAND, Leigh (June 2004). “Diversity and connections in community gardens: a contribution to local sustainability”.

7

[(2019), Soil and the intensification of agriculture for global food security] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/

S0160412019315855?via%3Dihub

8

(2000), Sustainable landscape planning for Cremona, Italy

9

WINKLER, Karin (2005). Assessing the risks and benefits of flowering field edges] https://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/

fulltext/41700

10

112

REFERENCES

http://www.geoportale.regione.lombardia.it/

PROJECT TEAM

Oriola Alhasa

Glen Carlo Canlas

Anashwara Jayakumar

Mariya Hamada

Fabiola Mogrovejo

Sri Vidya Mushty

Nina Camille Pilapil

Prathyusha Ravichandran

Ranjana Siva

PROJECT TEAM

113

INVASIVE LANDSCAPES

from punctual interventions to a self-healing land

strategies for the modern rural landscapes in the city of Cremona MSc Sustainable Architecture and Landscape Design IC Landscape Representation and Modelling 1st Semester 2020 - 2021

Project Team:

Oriola Alhasa Glen Carlo Canlas Anashwara Jayakumar Mariya Hamada Fabiola Mogrovejo Sri Vidya Mushty Nina Camille Pilapil Prathyusha Ravichandran Ranjana Siva

Supervisors:

Prof. Alessandro Bianchi Prof. Giovanna Sona

Assistants:

Andrea Asti Mattia Belloni Alessia Damone Gianmarco Paris