Urban Oasis // 4th year

- Parametric roof cover - Arabic Dunes

A form of insulation, collective rain, and natural ventilation recycle materials and a constant view to the sky - Urban Oasis.

Project: Architect: Subject: Professor:

Arabic Dunes, 2018 Nicolas Salas Leon Design VI Izaskun Chinchilla

- Index -

- Dirasat sabiqa - Precedent study

*Norrkoping house - Sverre Fehn

*Kaufmann house - Richard Neutra

*Features of Arabic houses

*Features of On-Water houses

-Tadkul almawqie - *Site study *City growing *Activities *Itervention

*Book

The site intervention

Tadkhul almawqie - ‫عقوملا لخدت‬ - The site intervention -

Agriculture in Nador

- Site Research -

Rural population: 46% of the workforce.

44% employment in agriculture that rises up to 80%.

Rainfed agriculture.

Cereals

[Barley and Wheat] - Consist in the 80% of the cultivated area.

- Cultivation period: 1 Oct - 15 Nov // 15 Feb - 1 April - Separation between plants of 15-20cm and 3-6cm deep.

- Seeding density of 300-400 seeds / m2 (from 100 to 130 kilos seeds / ha), with a minimum of 80% germinative power.

Vegetables

[Potatoes, Tomatoes, Beans & Melon] - Consist in the 4% of the cultivated area.

- Melon: Seeding: Jan-Jul (Harvest: Jul-Sept) - Beans: Seeding: April-Jun (Harvest: Jul-Oct) - Tomatoe: Seeding: Feb-May (Harvest: Jul-Oct) - Potatoes: Seeding: Spring (Harvest: 90-100 days)

Forage [Alfalfa] - Resource for animal feeding generally done in the contour of towns.

- Seeding: Autumn

Citrus

[Orange & Clementine] - Separation between plants of 4m.

- Seeding: Rainy season.

- Young tree: 300-400 units.

- Adult tree: 500-600 units.

Olives

- Mostly used as separators of lands.

- Separation between plants of 6m.

- Seeding: Autumn or Spring.

- Flowering of the tree (April and May) and the ripening of the fruit (November).

- Plantations of 6X6 or 7X7 to produce.

- Adult tree: 35kg - Young tree: 15kg

Sugar beet

- Seeding: April-May (Harvest: Jun-Oct) - 2cm deep.

- Seeding: Autumn or Spring.

- Separation between plants of 15-20cm.

Animals in Nador

- Site Research -

Protected animales covered by WWF. Constant emigration of animal/birds from South Africa to North EU.

Street dogs [Abandoned] - Potential danger if a pack is formed.

- Potential danger of poisoning and contraction of diseases.

- Soft/used to humans.

- Omnivore.

- Can live nearly anywhere.

Moroccan magpie

[Extinct protected]

Pink bullfinch

[Extinct protected]

Collalba del Magreb

[Extinct protected]

Ibis hermit

[Emigrates to North Morocco every year]

Peacock

[Emigrates to North Morocco every year]

Nador is a wonderful city that lies in the northeastern part of Morocco in the Rif region. It is a port city on the Bhar Amezzyan lagoon.

It is a major trading center for fish, fruits and livestock. It is has a semi-motorway linking it to the Spanish city of Melilla.

It has about 180,000 inhabitants and a major population uses Tarifit-Berber language.

Its nearness to the sea and the Spanish city of m is a major catalyst for international trade. It had achieved disrepute as a center for smuggling but has now overcome the problem and has now become a point for incoming consumer goods from Europe.

As we have always seen in the past history, colonials starts around a water resource, either a river or a see.

When the population grows, it does in a specific way horizontally around the river or see as to maximize the population closes to the trading center which usually happens in the port.

This causes a problem when the population starts to grow in a way that this method is not helpful neither sustainable since people who lives far away would need to drive to the center and not to talk about the construction of those roads.

As we see in Nador now a days, there is a potential growing spaces outside the main road that connects Nador with other cities.

Potential growing spaces are the perfect place and time to make Nador a more sustainable city and for an instance, there are not many public parks and plazas.

The intervention that is here proposed is to create PERPENDICULAR growing line which that behaves as a river where population would grow around it.

Key activities are fishing places in the port, local markets in plazas, public transport, bike lanes and many others.

Also, as part of the culture and an efficient and Eco-friendly way of creating public spaces, palm trees, other vegetations and water channels would be introduced alone this huge street that would connect local houses, visitors, workers and retired locals that emigrated to work outside.

ACTUAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT - RIVER

ACTUAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT - PORT

PROPOSED URBAN DEVELOPMENT HYBRID // PERPENDICULAR

One of the 3 interventions that I am introducing, this is the “promenade� which runs from the port towards the country side with different variations on the organizations and programs.

Making a modern but vernacular architecture is an exercise that I believe would make Nador a better place than it is now.

This long road is not only for pedestrians as a full car-free area, but it involves and introduce the ideology of the traditional architectural figures that has being there for years but with a modern touch.

The importance of water and plants are not missed within this proposal and it provides not only shades during the long hot summers but also, brings a place for local animals such as birds .

Furthermore, the whole atmosphere is mean to be appreciated not only by a tourist point of view but also for locals and workers.

A new market space that provides security and plenty space for showing off their artisan skills that most of the tourist seek when visiting Nador.

Security in a way that only people would go around this place. There is some areas where the train passes through the middle of the local market and people needs to move everything super fast in other to let it pass.

By improving this local market, the carbon footprint would be decreased as transportation would be reduced.

In a result of an increased economic system and a fresher air.

The whole intervention, comprehends fisher boats, houses for locals and workers, houses for tourist and houses for retired people who emigrated for work.

The whole idea is to create a Modern-OASIS.

Barnamaj khatin - ‫طخ جمانرب‬

- Pt 2. Linear program -

Pt 2.- Brings a oasis for the city that is in an emerging stage in which the local economy is growing but as part of this project, the proposal would intent to prevent a “sea of plastic” as its happening in Almeria.

The independization of any vehicle in the oasis, brings the opportunity for a promenade of local zocos and bazaars.

However, there would be a special treatment in the intervention and involvement of ambulances and vans that brings the goods to the site.

- Cycle Lane Raised up bike lane to prevent collision with pedestrians and for a fresher air.

- Local Market Increased and improvement of local market.

- Vegetation Cleaner air, host for local wild life.

- Terraces Agriculture Hydroponic farming Local views Personal/Private oasis.

- Urban car-free St Safety road for pedestrians.

- Water Water for farming, fresher atmosphere and traditional figure.

The importance of water in the Arabic culture is a very meticulous and religious place of meditation and purification.

It also brings a natural balance to the concrete walls and artificial materials of the house, in which it all coexist in harmony.

Water distribution grid would bring a new vision towards the connections between the private spaces within the house and the exterior.

The sweet water cleaned by fishes would bring a Eco-friendly impact into each house as it could be used in toilets, washing machines, farming...etc

The whole intervention, comprehends fisher boats, houses for locals and workers, houses for tourist and houses for retired people who emigrated for work.

The whole idea is to create a Modern-OASIS.

Almiah altadakhul - ‫لخدتلا هايملا‬

- Water Distribution -

- Water habitad Cleans water, wild life in the streets.

- House supplies House shores for cleaning.

Non-drinkable water.

- Water link to culture Central patios with access to water as part of a culture maintenance.

- Hydroponic agriculture Filter water and production of local food.

Growing Density - It is planned that the city of Nador would grow from it’s current 565,426 people + around 50,000 of expected retirement that would come back and with a density: 180.7/km² [2014].

As this proposal described earlier, the master plan expected for the city would be centered in the port and gradually increasing towards inland in which around the main street, housing and services would rise as a requirement for the increased number of population.

Furthermore, moving away from the sea and reaching the country side, retirement houses away from the heavy density of the center would appears for a more calm and less crowded area.

Work

Work

Bazaar Zoco Servises Houses Social

Retirement

The central area delivers the spaces and services behaving like a tree making a diversification of the empowerment of the city-density.

Work

Alshabakat alhadaria - ‫ةيرضحلا ةكبشلا‬

- Urban grid -

5 4 1

2

3

6

1.- Gangway

3.- Local Housing

Bazaar / Zoco Water channel Social interaction

Local houses

2.- Social Housing

4.- Agriculture

Shops Servises Houses Local Visitors

Farming Secondary Streets

5.- Street courtyards Social interaction

6.- City-Forest Vegetation Gardens Greenhouse Social interaction

Shakal alnatijat V1.0 - ‫ةجيتنلا لكش‬

- Form finding v1.0 -

A t q S e m c m i i N c M

1

2

3

4 1.- Gangway Bazaar / Zoco Water channel Social interaction

3.- Local Housing Local houses

3.- Local Housing Local houses

3.- Local Housing Local houses

1* - Meditation and observation -

- Current Nador -

This invasion from the human inside the protected area, would result in a beach in which a “safari� to observe the wild animals in their natural area would take place.

Also, since this place would be sou-rounded by nature, meditation activities can occur.

There will be a connection between the existing Nador and the proposal in which the would gradually blend.

2* - Clean beach This beach would have a part that is shared with nature and humans in which a coexistence must happen all the time. A access to a clean part of the beach would attract not only tourist but also locals to enjoy the great warm weather that happens most of the time in Nador.

- Water turbine It produces clean electricity to power the pump and filtration machines.

1*

- Water channel This is the channel with clean water that would be used for agriculture fields and be part of the community.

- Conservated area This big green space is for a conservation area for plants and animals.

Mar Chica

- Filtration and Pump It filters the salt and poluted water to a sweet and usable one. It also pumps the water inland.

Currently the is a conservation area but since our visit to the site, I found that it was very small, badly maintain, and mainly for birds.

2*

- Wind turbines It produces clean electricity to power street lights and any other communal electrical system.

- Farmer huts - (brown) This colour represents the living side of agriculture.

Area for: farmers.

- Current Nador There will be a connection between the existing Nador and the proposal in which the would gradually blend.

- Green invasion - (dash) [dashed green] This small island would provide for animals to live in harmony with the humans, which could have very limited acces to it.

- 2nd street - (pink) This This colour represents the the area and space in which locals would live; slightly separated from the crowed main street.

Area for: Locals, shops...

- Plazas - (red crossed) This area represents the social activities for humans such as the typical courtyard in the traditional Arabic culture.

Area for: Markets and social interaction.

- Main street - (orange) This colour represents the the area and space in which the idea of the main street with most of the social programs such as: Markets; would appear.

Area for: Tourist, social housing, locals, shops...

- Green areas - (dots) This doted area represents the streets in which parks, and social activities outside would take place.

- Beach path.- (full red) This is the path way which takes humans in to the wild areas and the beach.

- Agriculture - Forest - (full green) This space will in most cases surround the courtyard/plaza to provide a more natural environment for the user to interact.

This spaces would be use to grow vegetables and any other kind of agriculture.

- Main street Concrete, green roof, water

- Local houses Bricks, sand, metal

- Farmer’s hut Recycled materials, textiles

Tree site

- Proposal explanation A crucial part of the proposal is that there should be a connection to the site , not just in context but in the form. As Nador is submerged in Nature all around, then this proposal at a big scale should be organic that mimics a plant. In this case, a tree as a representation of the tree of life in the Moroccan context.

4

3 1

2

2

5

1 1 - Animal park Conservation area for plants and animals in which humans are not allowed not get in.

2

2 - Public parks Green areas that invades human made object for social recreation.

3 - Production Area for clustters and factories in which with low technology, users will build mostly by hand their homes.

4 - Semi public reserve Space that provides animals a place to live in harmony with the humans, which could have very limited acces to it.

5 - Public facilities Space that provides for shops, stores, schools...etc

2

4

5

6

3

7

1 2

1 - Agriculture This spaces would be use to grow vegetables and any other kind of agriculture.

2 - Housing + Semi-public Area of living and co-working.

7 - Purifying water Ponds in which water will be filtered using local animals and plants.

3

3 - Scenarios Smaller plazas for people to gather on upon events such as street artist making the avenue much more a life.

4 - Plazas Area reserved for bigger events such as bazaar or street markets.

5 - Bike lane As a way to have a cleaner city, bicycle lane is introduced within the avenue preventing car accidents and preserving a view.

6 - Car road Double lane road for most of the traffic including vans which bring products.

First Floor

Ground Floor

1. Shared paths

1.2. Movement Circulation through the site changes during the as different activities occurs like loading vans, musicians performing, baazar...

1.3. Example - 1

07:00-11:00am Delivery materials for shops or clustter can use extra circulation thought this time in which they could drive further than the boundaries.

Also, the cycle lane will be use for workers traveling to their offices.

1.4. Example - 2

11:15am-13:45pm Bazaar and other shops opens during this time. However, the bazaar will close from 13:45-16:30pm.

1.5. Example - 3

18:00-20:45pm Performing activities will occur during this period which will attract a big mass of visitors.

1. Water paths

1.2. Fluid boundaries

1.2. Path guide

1. Drawings

1.2. Levels- plans

Roof - Cover

First Floor

Ground Floor

1.3. Views

1. User Interaction

1.2. Typologies on plan After looking into different examples, a mixture of those are forming the plans reflected here.

Ground Floor:

This level has very open spaces and facilities for people to meet up and work in groups or individuals in a shared space.

First Floor:

At this level, living spaces are kept private but at the same time, the housing atmosphere stills very open and shared.

1.3. Section on the move

1.4. Street Dunes They behave as a speed limitation and circulation for pedestrians and the use of public spaces for performance or bazaars.

1.5.Water filtering These dunes with fishes and plants makes the water more cleaner than the one that is collected from Mar Chica and surroundings.

It also provides with the opportunity for the local user to take part of the communal system and take care of the fishes and use this as a personal-non-private garden.

1. Structure

Final Practice Index 1. Descriptive report of your system.

2. Materials: Analytical description of the materials used in the system; the role of each material, physical characteristics, examples of where we can find this material in construction...

3. Components of the system: Description of each component, this chapter should include the geometrical description, dimensions, physical properties such as density, weight, waterproof behaviour‌ of the components.

4. Manufacturing: Description of the manufacturing process, including the complete life cycle, "from cradle to grave".

5. Manufacture and apply controls: External and internal controls of manufacturing process and implementation.

Make suggestions about the types of control necessary during the manufacturing process and implementation, concerning resistence?, humidity, structural calculations?, if needed.

6. Transport and STORAGE conditions: Description of transportation process, packaging, European Palet, total and partial weight..

7. On site process: Stages needed, number of workers required to move the blocks/pieces/panels, cranes, scaffolding... estimated time and security measures 8. Tests carried out or proposed in order to test system stability, durability or the common use by non-specialised builders.

9. Construction details: Generic system details, joints between pieces, corners, lintels, openings..

10. Practical Example: the pavilion. Example of the application of the system in constructing a pavilion.

Graphic description with plans, sections, elevations and the final rend

Structure plan

- From design to production As part of an Arabic culture, sand dunes are very well recognised in movies, travel pictures and the sweet dream of an oasis. The roof cover intends to mimic these dunes that are so characteristic of the place and at the same time, bringing natural light inside the building leaving the sky open to the user to look at.

1. Introduction

1.2. Arabic Dunes Proposal

The project itself began with a trip to Nador in Morocco, very close to Melilla. The first few things that you, as a reader, should know are the few facts and components that all together form the Arabic culture: Weather is very much like a hot pan from 70% of the year with temperatures around 35-40 degrees.

The Islamic culture itself provokes a reduction in the amount of windows or opening to the exterior that tries to preserve their inside-privacy. This makes very difficult for European architects to come up with a solution since we are used to create Modernism which basically is composed with large opening.

Therefore, this proposal tries to explore not just the possibility to bring the outside to the inside, but also to keep the user privacy at the same time that we do openings which allows a better air renovation, natural light to penetrate the building and views to the exterior.

Here I present you, the Arabic

Dunes project.

1.2. System Description

The proposal intends to produce and mimic the typical sand dunes that are formed in the Sahara desert and near the beach; and at the same time, allow natural light through skylights to penetrate the inside of a building specially in the center of it, since windows in the perimeter will allow the same effect but it would not be possible when we just have walls around.

To produce a natural ventilation, the form of this proposal will act as a chimney which will push hot air up and outside the building; therefore, making a continuous air-circuit renovation.

It also intends to minimize the cost of production by using local and recycled materials that will reduce considerably the Carbon Footprint and delivery cost. The current site has a very poor economy and we could say that it also has a low architectural technology.

Materials are specifically choose based on their own experience as a culture. They used to use compressed sand and mud, thatch, terracotta and raw wood to build their homes in a very hot climate. Therefore, I find very curious to explore this materials that are far away to be similar in construction to the ones in Europe in which mostly everything is pre-casted.

As presented, at least 80% of the construction elements will be done on site and some other will be manufactured by a chosen company. The project is based in a Slow Life system in which things are formed slower than we usually see; ie: casting on site instead of precasting.

Therefore, I introduce a active method of ventilation for the skylight based on wax hydraulics in which once temperature hits its melting state, the wax expands and will open the skylight automatically allowing the hot trapped air to scape through the roof. Once the temperature gets colder, for example in Winter or in a storm, the wax will change to its solid state which compress the hydraulic that closes the window allowing the warm air be conserved inside and also, preventing rain water to enter inside.

The system is based in a series of layers in which each layer is dependent to the previous one, for example: Rain water falls from the inclined walls that will go to a hidden gutter inside the structure itself making therefore, more clean lines and only showing the structure that I want to show.

2. Materials

2.2. Raw + Mix

As mentioned earlier, materials will be collected from the sourindings of the site as they have use them for centuries as a construction materials that fights very well against heat.

- Clay/Adobe.

As a perfect insulation since it absorbs a good amount of heat from the exterior but it does not transfer it to the interior by a 60%.

- Compressed sand/earth.

This method of producing walls has a very similar load capacity that concrete or brick since it is a similar material with a similar method of production. It also has the ability to slow down the heat transferance which collects heat during the day and delivering it during the night.

- Thatch.

This material is perfect for an insulation that does not want to preserve the heat, but to repel it. It has the ability to absorb the heat that it gains but it disperses it thought the material instead of passing it to the next material/environment.

- Cast concrete.

By casting concrete on situ, we could prevent the use of big loading trucks that are expensive, produces carbon footprint and also will not teach and produce jobs for local workers.

Clay

Compressed

sand/earth

Thatch

Cast Concrete Clay as insulaton

HI concrete + wood bloke

3. Components Density of different soil types

Elastic Modulus of different soil types

3.2. Roof dunes cover

As part of an Arabic culture, sand dunes are very well recognized in movies, travel pictures and the sweet dream of an oasis. The roof cover intends to mimic these dunes that are so characteristic of the place and at the same time, bringing natural light inside the building leaving the sky open to the user to look at.

Each panel consist in a sandwich of Clay+Sand / Thatch / Clay+Sand.

As each “dune� is different from the next one, we can control the width of the panel and leave the height to be judged in-situ.

Properties Density of Clay: 1.33 g/cm3 Density of Thatch: 0.15g/cm3 Water resistance of cooked Clay: High Water resistance of compressed Thatch: High Heat transferance of Clay: 1.04 K (0.15 - 1.8 K) Heat transferance of Thatch: 0.13 - 0.47 K

Re

C

in

la

y+

fo rc

Sa

ed

nd

ba

rs

Dimensions of panel Width: 85~150mm Clay: 27.5~60mm Thatch: 30mm

Height of the dune: 450~1400mm

at

Th ch +

Br

tio

la n

e

m

fra

su

k

In

ic

3.2. Lego walls

Nador has, unfortunately, a very polluted sea and the beaches are full of plastic, glass bottles and even dead animals. However, there is also something that has been there naturally and it could contribute to reduce costs and the weight of the concrete mixture: Marine fossils. They act similarly to the aggregates with a reduction to their resistance but it still be stiff enough to be used as a construction material.

Each panel consist in a sandwich of Concrete+Marine fossils / Thatch / Concrete+Marine fossils. The use of Marine fossils gives a similar resistance than the aggregates but it reduces the weight of the mass.

Properties

Mixture

Density of Concrete: 3g/cm3 Density of Thatch: 0.15g/cm3 Water resistance of dry Concrete: High Water resistance of compressed Thatch: High Heat transferance of Concrete(medium): 0.4 - 0.7 K Heat transferance of Thatch: 0.13 - 0.47 K

1 Part of concrete + 2 of sand + 3 of marine fossils (instead of gravel)

rs ba

ed

in Re

C on c

re

fo rc

te

+

se a

fo sil s

Dimensions of panel Width: 350mm Concrete: 127.5mm Thatch: 95mm

Height of the panel: 900mm

Depth: 900mm

ic Br +

e

m

ch

fra

at

k

Th

s In tio

a ul n

4. Manufacture

4.2. Lego wall

Recycled brick mold

Wood with a hole to introduce the steel bars

The hollowed tube is introduced in the wooden hole with the solid bar and then th solid bar is taken out, leaving the hollowed bar inside and on place.

Concrete + sea fosils

Thatch + Insulation Concrete + sea fosils Recycled brick mold

The wall once is solid ad dry is taken out and solid steel bars will be place inside the hollowed steel bars when need in other to perform a connection with another wall or floor.

FInal composition of a of a Lego Wall.

4.2.2. Lego wall in place

Example of attachving the wall to the floor o to another wall.

Detail of how the solid bar and the hollowed bar connects and join two walls.

Concrete + sea fosils 127.5mm

Thatch + Insulation 95mm

Concrete + sea fosils 127.5mm

Solid steel bar

Hollowed steel bar

Solid steel bar

Hollowed steel bar

Hollowed steel bar

Introduction of Solid and Hollowed steel joints together inside the wooden hole between the bricks.

The Solid bar is removed and it will leave the Hollwed bar on place.

This step can be done after we pour the materias.

Recycled brick mold

Wooden cube with a hole

Hollowed steel bar

OSB with dump proof protection if needed

5. Controls

5.2. Check list

As this proposal is a working in-situ at its 80%, then to control the quality and security of the wall and roof panels would be this:

- Using always the same ratio when doing a mixture.

- Add at least 3-4hrs extra for drying.

- Use quality materials for the mixture that has already passed another control.

- Do not use panels that are still wet or in a drying process.

- Do not attempt to lift anything up by yourself.

- Do not add any other material to the mixture that is not being checked before.

For workers, please follow these controls as well as the project manager guidance:

- Only qualified and authorize workers should be on site.

- Wear alway a helmet, reflecting jacket, reinforced boots and protective globes.

- Use and wear goggles if needed.

- Clean the working space before, during and after work.

- If seing someone in danger or in a potential danger, seek for hep and tell your superior immediately.

6. Transport + Storage

6.2. Delivery

Since most of the construction elements can be fabricated on site, there is no need to use big trucks to deliver them unless we create a low-tech fabric. However, the proposal will need to count with at least an average delivery van to transport the materials such as sand, clay or concrete to the working site.

Also, small cranes can be used to pull up from the ground floor to the first and roof level at the case that the elements of construction and casting has being made in the ground floor. If they have being fabricated in the first floor, then there is only a need of an average pulley to deliver the roof panels to its place.

As we can see that in a test the concrete sandwich weight an average of 850 kg, workers will definitely need a small crane strong enough to hold and pull this weight.

Storage of the extra materials or even panels that have not yet being placed can be stored underneath the first level as at the stage of producing this walls and roof panels, the first floor slab should be already finished.

7. In-situ

7.2. Dirty hands

At least 80% of the working process will be done in-situ which will reduce transportation costs and carbon footprint.

This will be done by use recycled bricks to create a mold in which panels will be created.

Since wall panels and roof panels are not big enough to be created in a factory, workers would be able to create them on the ground floor or even on the first floor level as soon as it is build.

Bricks could also be reused as soon as the mold is not needed anymore in which case it could be used to build the interior walls.

Based on calculations, the amount of workers needed to produce this proposal are:

- At least 3 workers per roof panel. That means that only 3 workers should be lifting up one roof panel at a time.

- 2 workers for making the mixture of concrete + marine fossils for the walls and another 2 to make the clay for the roof panels. This means that either only to people work at the same time to create a single panel and then move into the next one; or pairs of 2 people work on different panels at the same time. This will accelerate the building process but it will also require more people to be hired.

- 1 driver for the van and an extra companion to help with loading and unloading.

- At least 4-5 workers to lift the concrete wall. However, this panels must never be lifted by hand and workers should use a crane: 2 at the bottom securing the load and 2 at top of the space to place the load and 1 driving and manipulating the crane.

People on site (average):

8 workers.

8. Test

8.2. Roof dunes cover Properties Density of Clay: 1.33 g/cm3 Density of Thatch: 0.15g/cm3 Water resistance of cooked Clay: High Water resistance of compressed Thatch: High Heat transferance of Clay: 1.04 K (0.15 - 1.8 K) Heat transferance of Thatch: 0.13 - 0.47 K Dimensions of panel Width: 85~150mm Clay: 27.5~60mm Thatch: 30mm

Height of the dune: 450~1400mm

Calculations Aprox. weight: ~24 kg [0.025 tons] Amount of Clay needed: 0.016m3 0.42m3 Amount of Thatch needed: 0.011m3 [example dimension: 600x600x118mm]

8.3. Lego walls Properties Density of Concrete: 3g/cm3 Density of Thatch: 0.15g/cm3 Water resistance of dry Concrete: High Water resistance of compressed Thatch: High Heat transferance of Concrete(medium): 0.4 - 0.7 K Heat transferance of Thatch: 0.13 - 0.47 K Dimensions of panel Width: 350mm Concrete: 127.5mm Thatch: 95mm

Height of the panel: 900mm

Depth: 900mm

Mixture 1 Part of concrete + 2 of sand + 3 of marine fossils (instead of gravel)

Calculations Aprox. weight: 850.5 kg [0.94 tons] Weight reduction of 15%: 723 kg [0.8 tons] (Marine fossils instead of agreggates) Amount of Concrete needed: 0.21m3 Amount of Sand needed: 0.42m3 Amount of Marine fossils needed: 0.63m3 [for 1 panel/wall] Amount of Thatch needed: 0.08m3 [for 1 panel/wall]

9. Construction Details

Aluminium profile frame Aluminium rail

Wax hydraulic

Compressed sand - 27.50mm

Thatch + Insulation - 30mm

Double glass skylight

Aluminium profile frame Aluminium rail 55mm rise

Wax hydraulic Compressed sand - 27.50mm

Thatch + Insulation - 30mm

Double glass skylight

Rain water gap Water proof membrane Morter layer (~5mm)

Steel U-profile Gutter Wood beam (~230x120mm vertical) (~345x120mm horizontal)

Morter

Wood joint (~25x150mm) Recycled brick Thatch + Insulation (~20mm)

Rain water gap Water proof membrane Morter layer (~5mm) Steel U-profile Gutter Wood beam (~145x120mm vertical) (~345x75mm horizontal)

External gutter Water proof membrane

Poured concrete Thatch + Insulation (~93mm)

Steel I-beam M130X28.1 127x127mm

OSB 12mm + morter 5mm Steel L-profile Wood joint (~93x50mm)

Doble glass sliding window

Doble glass sliding window

Wood finishing

External finishing

Poured concrete (~127.5x900mm)

Wood joint (~55x95mm)

Thatch + Insulation (~95x900mm)

Steel joint bar (D:51.5mm)

SALK INSTITUTE

CONNECTIONS to PRECEDENTS

SALK INSTITUTE

Street feeling is similar, looking into a specific point with no overlapping views and always a view to the water. How ever, the environment its too dry and the lack of vegetation makes the space very “unfriendly� for social interactions even when there is enough space for it to happen.

[TO KEEP:] - Privacy geometry / Fragmentation of the facade - Water channel / Water view - Street creation - Perspective from the house in which it always looks to the same direction allowing natural light inside and view to the end of the channel - No-overlapping view towards nearby buildings [TO WASTE:] - Dry environment / Lack of vegetation - Materials are too narrow and lack of diversity - Lack of social interaction

Codech, Barcelona by Jose Antonio

CONNECTIONS to PRECEDENTS

Codech

There is a lack of corridors in most part of the plan that maximize the use of the space. Orientation seems to received direct sun light from most of the angles and illumination from thee rest.

Vision is narrowed in the bedrooms to view a vertical of the outside.

[TO KEEP:] - Minimalism corridors - Compact arrangement - Narrowed and directed views - Sun orientated - Central circulation [TO WASTE:] - No co-working space - Common spaces very tinny

- 3 Bedrooms: 5 people - 3 balconies - Dinning and living room together - Common shower room - 3 Bedrooms: 6 people - 4 balconies - Dinning and living room together - Common shower room

- 3 Bedrooms: 6 people - 4 balconies - Dinning and living room together - Common shower room

- Common staircase - No common shared space

REASONS for FAMILIES

TYPE 1: Double bedrooms + Offices + Co-working areas

Since 180.000 people will emigrate back to Nador because of retirement and/or the potential rise of the economic system, there is to be taken into count the families in which kids are old enought to go to universities or high schools and instead of leaving their families behind and staying in EU, they could live in the same city but being independent and not having to pay as much as it happens in the rest of EU. It involves shares aras that acts as co-working spaces between induviduals and the offices that normally have their connection area very privatized.

TYPE 2: Familly embironment

Airbnb CX Hub + Bora Architects

CONNECTIONS to PRECEDENTS

Airbnb CX Hub + Bora Architects

The shared space provides the user with all the needs of a co-working area in which social interaction happens in a controled space where meeting others without the problem of lack of public space in the modern cities.

Different scenarios provides different range of activities: some more noisier than others.Allowing this place for a milti-purpose center.

[TO KEEP:] - Different scenarios - Blend of materials / warm colours - Social interaction - Internal public space - Separation of Active-Pasive [TO WASTE:] - Fragmentation of double-indoor meeting rooms

unknown architects

Meeting room

Inside Co-working space GF

Kitchen Entrance Mix toilets Outside co-working

High line

CONNECTIONS to PRECEDENTS

HIGH LINE + PENDA

The blend between artificial and natural feels organic in some ways as it also makes the human flow naturally thought the per-structure circulation without realizing that they are following a path. It does have sharp “turns” but there is plenty of space to make the user go around in a nearly a straight line. Estimate width: 3m

Penda has much more sharp turns in which vehicles such as bicycles are very difficult. However, there is a straight path which brings a different sensation in contrast with the more “jungle” feel of the one with turns.

[TO KEEP:] - Natural blend of materials - Vegetation use - Straight path for pedestrians and curved for vehicles [TO WASTE:] - More connection with context shape (maybe)

PENDA

Muy Güemes Agostina Gennaro + María José Péndola

CONNECTIONS to PRECEDENTS

Gennaro + Pendola

The public fabric should not just be an empty space filled with users as it will not behave as such if there is not a purpose or common goal.

It needs to an harmonic space in which the users feels secure but also free of restrictions.

[TO KEEP:] - Presence of Vegetation - Double inside (box within a box) - Small buildings / tents - Open areas for interaction [TO WASTE:] [Common Goals:] - Selling / Buying products - Creation of materials - Interaction of users / Pleasure

Calle Sierpes, Sevilla + Paraguada

CONNECTIONS to PRECEDENTS

C/ Sierpes + Paraguada

Since the amount of solar radiation during most of the year, there is a need of shading the street in order to make it functional for the users. A very common way is to cover it with textiles as it provides that required drop of temperature but also, as it is not fixed it can be removed any time in order to have a direct visual of the sky.

Visualizing the sky is very important for humans as it gives a sensation of freedom when the user is surrounded by buildings and also by people. It is a “scape door�.

[TO KEEP:] - Presence of colour - Recycled materials - Temporary actions - Building process done by users - Shadows allow more people to interact outside the house [TO WASTE:] - Who pays for this? (government) - Not too much colour

Unkown architects

CONNECTIONS to PRECEDENTS

Unknown architects

Urban circulation can behave in parallel to the terrain and it will force the user to move around it without their notice.

In the skate project, there is a risk in which the rider falls, the skate could injure someone and very badly at the worth case. The architects took that into account by saying that this is a blend between fast and slow, foot and wheels and relax and exercising.

There is a responsibility of the rider into judging when to skate and when to wait because there is people.

This allows the existence of this place in an area that is it not meant to exist: The user judgment.

Sometimes users haver to re-take what its their by existence: public space. A project in which the user took the road as their and use it as a public interaction allowing them to do what humans do by nature: Interact socially. Which makes the street-space more “organic�.

[TO KEEP:] - Presence of vegetation to manipulate user path - User judgment of control - Meditation areas - Multi-function areas [TO WASTE:] - Users doing as they please with space without control - Too much risk taken by users by other users

Covent Garden

CONNECTIONS to PRECEDENTS

Covent Garden, UK

Covent Garden in London is one of the most popular places that tourist chose to visit. Not only for the beauty in the space created by the triple-high celling with the light tourquese of the structure, but mostly for the events in which it occurs.

This public space allows not only the share of products but also, of music that invades the whole place. There is a huge amount of visitors and shoppers but also, severals street artist that performs on the surroundings of the public space and once again re-claiming what its their by right: the public use of the space.

[TO KEEP:] - Flexible space for different activities - Balance between shops-public-private - Terraces for eating - Spaces for exhibitions [TO WASTE:] - Most of the market is mostly merchandising - Barely not veg or meat market

Camden Market

CONNECTIONS to PRECEDENTS

Camden Market, UK

Camden market is a very particular place in London in which thousands of people visit it every day. Here we can find all sort of things from piercings and tattoos to food and clothes. There is a predominant “punk” style from the 70s and 80s as decorated wall with dragons and cards hangs from the facade.

There is a huge social interaction within the facilities, specially around food tents, where people from all around the globe are keen to start a random conversation with visitors.

The main activity is shopping or sharing goods but some people just come to visit Camden for its “uniqueness”.

[TO KEEP:] - Flexible space for different activities - Balance between shops-public-private - Terraces for eating - Spaces for exhibitions - Social interactions [TO WASTE:] - Most of the market is mostly merchandising or food - Barely places for seating down if not eating

Beiqijia Technology Business -District, Beijing

CONNECTIONS to PRECEDENTS

Beijing Technology Business -District, Beijing, China

Fragmentation between the living space and recreational space, vegetation and humans.

Well presence of water and outside activities / recreational areas.

Views to green areas but that also, decrease the view to the water.

Different range of materials that are well blend.

[TO KEEP:] - Fragmentation of activities - Presence of water and vegetation - Views to the outside [TO WASTE:] -

Living space

Water presence

Vegetation presence