PFG - TFG // Libro tecnico // Thesis - 2019

Bodega del Embalse de Orellana Enologic and research center of Orellana dam.

Technical booklet

Architectural thesis 2019 Nicolas Salas Leon Rafael IĂąiguez

Project: Wine cellar in the dam of Orellana, Extremadura

••••••••••••••••••••

Chapter 2 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Chapter 1 • • • • • • • • • •

Chapter 2 • • • • • • • • • •

Chapter 3 • • • • • • • • • •

Chapter 4 • • • • • • • • • •

Chapter 5 • • • • • • • • • •

Chapter 6 • • • • • • • • • •

Research

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Research • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • DB SE structural safety requirements • • • • • • • • • • • • • • DB SI Fire safety requirements • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • DB HE Energy saving requirements • • • • • • • • • • • • • • DB HS Health safety requirements • • • • • • • • • • • • • • DB SU Safe use and accessibility requirements • • • DB HR Basic Noise protection requirements • • • • •

pag 4 pag 8 pag 9 pag 24 pag 32 pag 36 pag 38 pag 42

Whole idea

“A new tourism united with a non-standard cellar that behaves as an oasis outside the noise of the urban fabric and providing a new type of sensation to the user.”

Placement

“An emplacement in a peninsula that behaves as a slot for programs a long the edge of the dam which provides a touristic chain reaction that could be more educational that just a mere scape of the urban fabric.”

Process

“A conventional production line becomes now days an obstacle to the appreciation of the process itself and the craft of space; therefore, using gravity as a tool to design the program levels will reduce machinery cost, transportation time from one process to the next one and rise the manual work in order to provide job opportunities for the surrounding towns.”

Nicolas Salas Leon

Chapter 1

Bodega de Salas & Centro de reinsercion del Embalse de Orellana

Index

- Optimize ceiling & roof structure - Materiality & textures - Nature blending [Cave based] - Equipment based space [Building responding to program] - Reinterpretation of the typical Extremenian vaults 2

Nicolas Salas Leon

Strategies

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Bodega de Salas & Centro de reinsercion del Embalse de Orellana

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GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE BUILDING

Nicolas Salas Leon

PART I

• Introduction:

- Title: Enologic and research center of Orellana dam.

• Main uses, program, circulations

- The building will be used as a winery and a research center in which wine will be fabricated. The program also includes tourism as visitor to winecellars are increasing and its has become a new way of tourisim. Circulation are separated from workers and visitors but there are no walls so make this clear; the tour guide person that takes the group for a visit or wine tasting will be in charge of moving the group according to the specifications.

However, based on studies about this type of tourism, it mostly happens in summer where the workers inside the cellar are reduced in order to give a gap to Eco-tourism and not interfere with their work. Also, the circulation of the grape works in a vertical spiral using gravity as a tool to reduce cost and machinery, allowing the workers to move it to the next destination without a huge manual effort.

• Relation with the surrounding open spaces and pre-existing structures, built environment and context

- The area is empty of trees that are close to the end of the peninsula as it was planned to be part of the landscape design to recover that area with trees. This project has taken that into account and emplaced those trees in the location proposed by the Junta of Extremadura just in case they manage to do it in the future. The slopes are perfectly for a wineyard that works with “espalderas” and there is a road which is half way built that connects the two towns Orellana la Vieja and Orellana de la Serena to this peninsula. This project has taken that into account and have prolonged the road to the landscape desing and worked around it as it was accepted in 2005 but it never got finished.

Bodega de Salas & Centro de reinsercion del Embalse de Orellana

• Location (site, conditions)

- A peninsula 6km away from Orellana la Vieja. Terrain is slopped in some parts.

There is a possibility to get close to the water. There is a hikking path close to the dam but it stops after the artificial beach of the town. There was a landscape design for this peninsula but it never got built because cost and priorities.

- The idea of the roof is to create a large expand ceiling with minimun columns in order to create a big open space without obstacles for the workers. The bubble system allow the ceiling to be thinner that if is done by straigt-horizontal beams as a standard roof.

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• Type of construction system

- Walls are done in situ right after removing the extra soil and build the floor slaps.

Some walls will be prefrabricated and bringed to site. The facade will be prefabricated and later placed. The bubbled ceiling will be done in situ but the design of it has to be modeld in 3D and after prefabricate a pvc shell which will be inflated at the site. Later, concrete will be projected from the interior of the bubble leaving it as a water proof membrane.

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• Materiality/Composition of the different layers proposed

- Facades and openings: Vertical opening such as the facade and side windows will be done in brushed steel. Horizontal opening such as skylight will use a steel frame with wax hydraulic pistons that will automatically open the window if the heat overpass 20 degrees celcius in order to ventilate the builing.

Nicolas Salas Leon

Bodega de Salas & Centro de reinsercion del Embalse de Orellana

- Roofs: Internally it will be covered in projected concrete. In between the celing slap and the exterior there will be recycled vehicle tires and porous pipes to filter water to the exterior. On top of those layers, there is a green roof with grass in orther to blend with the context and reduce solar exposure.

- Internal walls and partitions: Compacted sand and concrete will be used to prefabricate the walls.

- Walls, floors and ceiling finishes: Finishes will be in most cases the crude material it self in orther to give a hard and cold sensation but also, to imitate caves atmospheres. • Services and facilities. Position of the facilities in the building, installation rooms, general layout:

- Services on the first floor are located near the reception and inside the required rooms such as cold room. On the second floor, they are located at the back of the bottler.

The rest of the services such as ventilation and water pipes are located inside the columns in order to minimise the visual interferance of it.

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• Floor Areas

FLOOR AREAS Level Ground floor

Spaces

Usable floor Area (m2) UFA

Gross floor Area (m2) GFA

Reception Hall 76.12

16.25

Enologist department

23.15

Laboratory

23.16

Meeting room + wine tasting 29.58 1 Services

7.26

Circulations

45.49

Total ground floor

397.48

1st floor

Fermentation 16.55 tanks pasarela

(-4.00m)

Fermentation 76.14 tank floor Press

39.18

Barrels

80.22

431

Waste deposits 20.28 Bottler

190

Cages

33.35

Wine tasting 2 37.41 Circulations

127.71

Services

6.5

Total first floor 627.34

Usable floor area (UFA) The total floor area contained within the building limits excluding walls, ducts, columns and structure, terraces and internal partitions.

Gross floor area (GFA) The total floor area contained within the building measured to the external face of the external walls.

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702.29

Truck parking

4 trucks space 157.65

(-4,00m)

Total vehicle parking

157.65

2nd floor

Cages

96.95

(-7,00m)

Ramp

34.3

Circulations

102.17

Services

3

Total First floor

236.42

256.1

Total UFA

1418.89

1555.79

166.4

Total GFA

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Cold room

Bodega de Salas & Centro de reinsercion del Embalse de Orellana

Selection table (+0.00m) + extra equip- 176.47 ment

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Bodega de Salas & Centro de reinsercion del Embalse de Orellana

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SAFETY REQUIREMENTS

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Section II

Basic Documents (DB) are focused in the following the topics: 1- DB SE structural safety requirements 2- DB SI Fire safety requirements 3- DB HE Energy saving requirements

6- DB HR Basic Noise protection requirementsv

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5- DB SU Safe use and accessibility requirements

Bodega de Salas & Centro de reinsercion del Embalse de Orellana

4- DB HS Health safety requirements

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PART I

DB SESTRUCTURAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS

Bodega de Salas & Centro de reinsercion del Embalse de Orellana

• Soil composition

- The lithological composition of the soil of the proposed side is composed with rounded rock made by the movement of rain water from the highiest point to the lower Prácticas Integradas de Viticultura Sandra Ocariz Martínez area of the proposed site.

This helps the vine’s roots to penetrate the soil more easily and filter water more quickly to the dam in order to not overexpose them to watering.

Además se realiza un perfil del suelo, mediante una calicata.

- The pH is very high (basic soil), but as the active limestone is almost nonexistent, We can say that, in principle, we will not have pH problems.

- The texture is franc-clay-sandy, which will give us intermediate soils, suitable for any variety of vineyard.

A continuación se muestra una tabla resumen de lo descrito anteriormente (Tabla 4).

-Organic matter is within normal values, but adding something to increase it will improve the performance, what we will do is add 15T / ha of matter organic.

Tabla 4. Resumen del análisis del suelo.

Parámetro Resultados Método Arcilla 27% Hidrometría Limo 16% Hidrometría Arena 57% Hidrometría Textura Franco-arcillo-arenosa Tipo de terreno pH 8,38 pH Potenciométrico CE (1:5 25ºC) 7,51 mS/m Conductimétrico Materia Orgánica 1,51% Espectrofot. UV-Vis Carbonatos 2,2% Calcimetría Potasio 297,0 mg K2O/kg Magnesio 228,9 mg MgO/kg Extracción con acetato de Calcio 2867,7 mg CaO/kg amonio y detección por Sodio 25,9 mg Na2O/kg EEA-PAI. Boro 0,10 mg/kg Hierro 0,7 mg/kg Cobre 0,15 mg/kg Magnesio 34,0 mg/kg Fósforo 0,3 mg P2O5/kg Espectrofot. UV-Vis • Horizons:

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Horizon A de horizontes. Descripción (Thickness of 10cm). It is light brown and can be observed the presence of small roots. Regarding thede decomposed material, linked to the  Horizonte A (Espesor 10 cm). Es deorganic color marrón claroappears y se puede observar mineral la material. presencia de raíces pequeñas. Respecto al material orgánico descompuesto, aparece ligado al material mineral.

Horizon E  Horizonte E (Espesor de 50 cm). Podemos decir que es el respectivo horizonte (Thickness of 50cm).

We can say that it is the respective horizon eluvial. eluvial.  Horizonte B (Espesor de 20 cm y en adelante). Horizonte mineral formado en el Horizon D del suelo. interior (Thickness of 20cm and onwards). Mineral horizon formed in the inside the floor.

9 Interpretación de resultados:

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• Foundations. Type (shallow or deep), elements, number, description.(Footings, piles, screw-piles, retaining walls, rafts…)

- Foundations are based in a retaining wall system against the terrain. Footings are located underneath columns.

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• Horizontal elements, slabs. Types, materials, dimensions The floor slap of the first floor uses a circular-metal expansion joint that works as an anti-seismic joint as it will expand and contract when needed if there is a landslide or a earthquake (which is very unlikely in this area). The poured concrete slap is 250m and has reinforced bars (cage) inside of Ø16/#240.

Bodega de Salas & Centro de reinsercion del Embalse de Orellana

• Vertical components. Dimensions, types, materials

- Precasted concrete columns are hollowed with a thicknes of 220mm. Columns are precasted and placed in situ piece by piece (4) and then once all the columns are placed then the projected concrete for the ceiling will occur. Columns are 5 meters high and the shape varies depending of the ceiling.

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4

5

6

7

8

Bodega de Salas & Centro de reinsercion del Embalse de Orellana

1 2 3

9

10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

11

12

13

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

16 17

19 20 21 22

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4mm sheet based water proof membrane Ø12mm - #230mm reinforced bars Sprayed concrete 250mm Growing medium with 2mm filter membrane Compact floor with 4mm roof barrier Reused and chopped tire - 85% tire / 15% gravel 4mm sheet based water proof membrane Aluminium skylight frame Ø125mm porous pipe Steel L-profile joint H-type steel column - type IPE 460-194mm Hollow concrete column H-type steel joint with screw Ø8mm both sides Expansion steel joint 20x65mm Ø16mm - #230mm reinforced bars Polished concrete surface Poured concrete 350mm Service pipes Steel L-profile joint Poured concrete 250mm Ø12mm - #150mm reinforced bars Poured concrete foundation base

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18 19 20

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21

22

Technical section 1:20@A3

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12 Bodega de Salas & Centro de reinsercion del Embalse de Orellana

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Bodega de Salas & Centro de reinsercion del Embalse de Orellana

Nicolas Salas Leon

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• Columns activation

- The concepts behind the design of the columns are to be more than just supports but also, be an active element in the building. Service pipes coming from the ceiling in which the porous pipes collect the extra water that may fall during the rainy seasons to the ground. Making then no intervention in the trajectory of the rain water towards the dam.

Inside the wider columns, electrical wires and ventilation pipes are placed in order to optimise the space.

• Columns positions

- The location of the columns rest in places in which it does not become an obstacle to the movement of barrels nor people but bringing a sort of separation between areas. • Shells

- A mixture of 5 different spheres sizes brings dynamism and complexity to the ceiling by breaking the repetition and monotony.

The location of the skylights has to be with the amount of light in which the production process is not interrupted.

By placing the skylight right above the machinery, it allows sun rays not to hit it directly for a long exposure but still have natural light in the area.

C2

Bodega de Salas & Centro de reinsercion del Embalse de Orellana

The two segments (one at the top and one at the bottom) of the columns are invisible doors that allows maintenance of the internal services when needed.

C5

C1

C3

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C7

C6

C8

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C4

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Bodega de Salas & Centro de reinsercion del Embalse de Orellana

S5

S4

S3

S2

S1

15

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C6

16

C8

C1

Bodega de Salas & Centro de reinsercion del Embalse de Orellana

C7

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C3 Nicolas Salas Leon

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Bodega de Salas & Centro de reinsercion del Embalse de Orellana

C5

C4

C2

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Nicolas Salas Leon Hollow steal column 25mm Ă˜12mm - #230mm reinforced bars

Bodega de Salas & Centro de reinsercion del Embalse de Orellana

Service pipes

Ă˜16mm - #180mm reinforced bars

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Hollow concrete column 150mm

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Bodega de Salas & Centro de reinsercion del Embalse de Orellana

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Dead Loads Apart from the structure and materials, the calculations have to take into account the machinery that is fixed.

LEVEL/FLOOR USE

PARTITION SLABS LOADS LOADS

TOTAL FLOOR FINISH- LOAD INGS

GROUND FLOOR

5,00 KN/m2 ---

8.40 KN/m2 ---

13.40 KN/ m2

1st Floor

7,00 KN/m2 ---

8.40 KN/m2 2.00 KN/m2

17.40 KN/ m2

2nd Floor

2,00 KN/m2 ---

8.40 KN/m2 ---

10,40 KN/ m2

Ceiling

5,00 KN/m2 ---

6.00 KN/m2 3.00 KN/m2

14,00 KN/ m2

• Structural concrete requirement (EHE requirements) HA-25/B/20/IIB-Qa (Columns and slabs) Type of concrete

HA-35/B/20/IIA-Qa (Retaining walls) HA-30/F/20/IIB-Qa (Ceiling)

Cement

CEM I

Aggregate grading

20 mm

Water/cement ratio

0.55

Cement min content

275 kg/m3

Steel type

B-500S

• Safety ratios and control levels

20

Concrete ratio

1,50

Steel ratio

1,15

Dead loads ratio

1,5

Live loads ratio

1,6

Deflection Limit

D ≤ total Span/250

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DEAD LOADS

Bodega de Salas & Centro de reinsercion del Embalse de Orellana

Live Loads Apart from the visitors and workers, the calculations have to take into account the grapes and the amount of it, even though they are a temporary element.

LIVE LOADS

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• Loads

- Wall: Reinforced bars Ø16/#300 inside the precast concrete.

- Slab: Reinforced bars Ø16/#300 inside the poured concrete.

- Floor slab 1st level: Expansion joint of cross section 20x65mm

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Bodega de Salas & Centro de reinsercion del Embalse de Orellana

Nicolas Salas Leon

• DB SE -A. Structural Steelwork requirements

- Ceiling: Reinforced bars Ø12/#240 inside the projected concrete.

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- Ceiling: Reinforced bars will be clipped together and welded when needed.

- Columns: An L-shaped steel joint will be bolted and welded between the column structure and the footing. Also, the reinforced bars from the ceiling to the 12mm steel plate of the colum and will welded; therefore the floor, column and ceiling are jointed together.

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• Steel connections

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• Mechanical properties of structural steel

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• DB SE –M timber structures

*There is no timber structures permanently in the building. However, during the construction and casting of the concrete, pine panels will be use to project the texture of the wood into the concrete.

• DB SE –F masonery *Precasted concrete dimensions: 1500x850mm.

Nicolas Salas Leon

Bodega de Salas & Centro de reinsercion del Embalse de Orellana

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PART II

SI 1 FIRE AREAS • Fire areas of the building

CTE 2500

PROJECT 76.12

2500

240

300 2500 2500 2500 2500

16.25 23.15 23.15 127.71 92.69

Laboratory

2500

528.15

2500 2500

PROJECT Reception Machinery + Tourism

Fire resistance of the boundary partitions CTE PROJECT EI‐60 EI‐120 EI‐60

EI‐120

RF‐90 EI‐60 EI‐60 EI‐60 EI‐60

EI‐120 EI‐120 EI‐120 EI‐120 EI‐120

Machinery + Tourism

EI‐60

EI‐120

157.65

Parking

EI‐60

EI‐120

233.42

Machinery

EI‐60

EI‐120

Storage Office Circulation Machinery

• Fire resistance of the materials of the boundary elements between F.A.

Structure R90 or R120

Walls and ceilings EI 120 or EI 180

Doors EI2 45-C5 or 2 x EI2 30 -C5

Maximum distance to any exit from the premises ≤ 25 m • Fire resistance rating of the boundary elements

Finish layer Situación del ele- Ceilings and partimento tions CTE Project

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Floors CTE

Project

Circulation areas C-s2,d0

A

EFL

EFL

Office areas

C-s2,d0

B

EFL

EFL

Storage areas

C-s2,d0

B

EFL

EFL

Special risk areas B-s1,d0

B

BFL-s1

BFL-s1

Bodega de Salas & Centro de reinsercion del Embalse de Orellana

Gf ‐ Reception Hall Gf‐ Selection table + extra equipment + Circulation + Meeting room + wine tasting 1 Gf ‐ Cold room Gf ‐ Enologist dep.

Gf ‐ Laboratory GF ‐ Staircase 1 1F ‐ Fermentation tanks 1F ‐ Press + Barrels + Waste deposits + Bottler + Cages + Wine tasting 2 + Circulation Truck parking 2F ‐ Cages + Ramp + Circulation

Use

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Built up área (m2)

Nicolas Salas Leon Bodega de Salas & Centro de reinsercion del Embalse de Orellana Nicolas Salas Leon

SI 3 EVACUATION OF OCCUPANTS • Occupation density in every floor Level

Room

Surface m2 Use

m2/pers.

Occupation

0

Reception hall

76.12

25

15

0

Selection table + extra equipment + Circulation + Meeting 240 room + wine tasting 1

Machinery 35 + Tourism

25

0

Cold room

16.25

Storage

5

2

0

Enologist department

23.15

Office

5

3

0

Laboratory

23.15

Protected 5 area

3

0

Stairs

127.71

Protected 15 area

8

EXIT FLOOR 0

56

Machinery 5

2

1

Fermentation tanks

1

Press + Barrels + Waste deposits + Bottler + Cages + Wine 528.15 tasting 2 + Circulation

Machinery 30 + Tourism

20

1

Truck parking

Parking

6

2

Cages + Ramp + Circulation

92.69

Tourism

157.65

233.42

10

EXIT FLOOR 1

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Machinery 8

3

EXIT 1

3

25

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Level 0: Distance from the wine tasting 1 away from the main entrance exit is 35m and to 18m to the staircase.

0 lvl 1:400@A4

Level 1: Distance from the center of the barrels area away from the main entrance exit is 15m and 22m from the bottler.

1 lvl 1:400@A4

Bodega de Salas & Centro de reinsercion del Embalse de Orellana

• Number of exits in every floor level. Maximum distance to the floor exits

2 lvl 1:400@A4

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Level 2: Distance from the bottle storage away from the main entrance exit is 20m and 5m from the staircase.

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SI 3 EVACUATION OF OCCUPANTS 1650mm • Number of stairways

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Bodega de Salas & Centro de reinsercion del Embalse de Orellana

- As the occupation in the entire building adds to 87 in the best case and 143 if the m2/person is at its 100%, from the SI chart the stair would have to measure 1.10mm.

However, as people of all ages, including elderly, the design stair case is design to fit the worth case scenario that everyone take the stare at the same time. Therefore, its measure 1650mm on the ground floor and it opens up like a funnel at the (-)1 level ahiciving then 3550mm.

• Stairways shafts-protection conditions

As the theme “Frabric” or “Industrial” area are not shown in the SI chart, the section “other uses” would fit this project.

- Ladders for descending evacuation:

2,80 < h ≤ 6,00 m - h = 3m

P ≤ 100 personas - P = 87 people

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SI 4 DETECTION, CONTROL AND EXTINTION • Methods of detecting fire and solving the situation

- Fire extinguishers: They are attached to the base of all the columns. This way, workers or anyone in need to extinguish a fire would have an extinguisher close to the program areas. Another 2 the entrance of the starcase from the (-)1 level and one on each room on the ground floor.

- Fire hydrant: There are two next to the unloading grape area of the roof and another two right outside the facade of the building at which firefighters would be able to access.

Element

Concept

Requirements

Fire extinguisher

hand-held cylindrical pressure vessel containing an agent which can be Efficiency type 21A-113B discharged to extinguish or control small fires

Fire Hydrant

A connection point by which fire- Hotel: GFA> 2000 m2 fighters can tap into a water supply Offices: GFA> 5000 M2

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Offices: GFA> 2000 M2 height> 24 m

Dry standpipe

To connect to an hydrant

Automatic fire extinguishing system

Hotel: GFA> 5000 m2 Discharges an extinguishing agent in case of fire, sprinklers…

Offices: GFA> 5000 M2

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Fire detection/Alarm system

Thermostats or other sensors for detecting the presence of fire or Hotel: GFA> 500 m2 smoke, and automatically signaling an alarm

Bodega de Salas & Centro de reinsercion del Embalse de Orellana

- Fire detection & Automatic fire extinguising system: The are placed at the skylights as natural ventilation will force smoke to go through them making them open completely and activate the water sprays.

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SI 5 FIREMEN INTERVENTION • Number of stairways

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Bodega de Salas & Centro de reinsercion del Embalse de Orellana

- As the occupation in the entire building adds to 87 in the best case and 143 if the m2/person is at its 100%, from the SI chart the stair would have to measure 1.10mm.

However, as people of all ages, including elderly, the design stair case is design to fit the worth case scenario that everyone take the stare at the same time. Therefore, its measure 1650mm on the ground floor and it opens up like a funnel at the (-)1 level ahiciving then 3550mm.

• Stairways shafts-protection conditions

As the theme “Frabric” or “Industrial” area are not shown in the SI chart, the section “other uses” would fit this project.

- Ladders for descending evacuation:

2,80 < h ≤ 6,00 m - h = 3m

P ≤ 100 personas - P = 87 people

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Nicolas Salas Leon

SI 6 STRUCTURE RESISTANCE AGAINST FIRE CONDITIONS â&#x20AC;˘ Structure stability against fire

GF - Reception hall

Structure stability against fire slab

CTE

Projected

R-60

R-90

R-60

R-120

R-60

R-90

R-60

R-90

R-60 R-60 R-60

R-120 R-90 R-90

R-90

R-120

Parking

R-90

R-90

Storage

R-120

R-90

Tourism

GF - Selection table + extra equipment + Machinery + Circulation + Meeting Tourism room + wine tasting 1 GF - Cold room Storage Gf - Enologist departOffice ment GF - Laboratory Office Precasted Projected- Poured GF - Stairs Circulation concrete concrete concrete 1 - Fermentation tanksMachinery 1 - Press + Barrels + Waste deposits + Bot- Machinery + tler + Cages + Wine Tourism tasting 2 + Circulation 1 - Truck parking 2 - Cages + Ramp + Circulation

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Bodega de Salas & Centro de reinsercion del Embalse de Orellana

AREA

USE OF THE Structural material AREA columns Ceiling

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Bodega de Salas & Centro de reinsercion del Embalse de Orellana

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DB HE ENERGY SAVING STRATEGY

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PART III

- Solar radiation: Skylights are placed in specific areas to limit the amount of light inside the building as some areas has to be in a controled environment such as the cold room. Other spaces have the skylight straight on top of the machinery as for example the fermentation tanks and the semi-partition wall that separates one from each other and the reflective material of the tanks makes the light bounce around the room without the problem of over-exposed radiation and heat.

The skylight will be using a contemporary solar panels that are transparent called “photovoltaic glass” that allows light to go through and collect solar energy at the same time. As the wax hydraulic skylight system opens up automaticaly if the heat overpass 20 degrees celcious, this also helps to achive the correct inclination for the photovoltaic glass to achieve its maximun exposure.

The energy collected will be used for machineries and temporary elements that only happens or are working during the harvesting, for instance the cold room which is used to cold down the grape before getting into the selection table in order to do the fermentation process quicker as they arrive with a similar temperature to the fermentation tanks.

- Natural ventilation: Skylights uses a pasive opening system based on a wax hydraulic system which opens up the window by the expansion by heat of the wax inside the hydraulic tube when the external heat overpass 20°C. The windows will close also automaticale by the solidification and compaction of the wax which pulls the piston down when the heat drops from 20°C. The average temperature in summer is 40°C and 15°C in winter.

When it is open, air flows from the front fachade to the interior and exit the building by the skylights or ventilation pipes when windows are closed.

- Green roof: The grass in the green roof would absorb also part of the solar heat which will be warming up the building and also filters rain water in order to reduce ponds of water in the roof.

Bodega de Salas & Centro de reinsercion del Embalse de Orellana

• Energy demand limitation

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Nicolas Salas Leon

- Recycled tires: In between the first layer of the concrete ceiling (water proof membrane) and the green roof recycled vehicle tires are placed. Chopped in small pieces, this is a perfect substitute to the conventional gravel as it reduces the weight that the roof has to carry, it has a great heat absortion and it have a lifespand of 1.000 years.

Nicolas Salas Leon

0 °C

December

November

October

September

August

July

June

May

April

March

February

10 °C

Frost period

December

November

October

September

August

July

June

May

April

March

February

January

0 °C

January

Bodega de Salas & Centro de reinsercion del Embalse de Orellana

Nicolas Salas Leon

40 °C

30 °C

20 °C

Temperature

mm 80

60

40

20

Precipitations

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Nicolas Salas Leon

• Total domestic hot water demand of the building

- Factories and shops: 15 L DHWD / day / person.

• Global solar radiation

- Caceres and Badajoz climatic zoning: V

- H ≥ 18.0 MJ/m2

- H ≥ 5.0 KWh/m2

• Minimum solar contribution to domestic hot water (DHW)

- 70% based on a Joulet effect chart.

* Based that there are 87 occupants thay will need 15L/day/person at 60°C, it adds up to 1,305L/day which from the V climatic zoning makes from the chart 70% on both the General and the Joulet effect.

• General conditions of the system

- Porous water pipes: Inside the layer of recycled tires there will be a circuit of steel porous pipes of Ø125mm that enables water filtering inside of it from the exterior and reroute it to the interior of columns that are hollowed in order to hide the services inside of it. Rain water is used in toilets and in the cold room. When it is not needed, a sensor will close the valve and reroute the water to the exterior.

- Photovoltaic glass: It is used at the skylights in order to collect solar energy and use it for machinery and rooms or equipments that only happens to work at certain points during the process of wine making.

- Wax hydaulic skylight: A pasive piston system filled with wax that expands at a certain heat level and contracts when the heat is low. This automatic system allows the building to breath and naturaly ventilate the spaces only when is needed in order to maintain the control levels of the interior equipments and to reduce the use of artificial ventilation such as condensators or fans.

• Minimum photovoltaic contribution to electric power

Bodega de Salas & Centro de reinsercion del Embalse de Orellana

* (H) - Annual daily average global solar radiation over a horizontal surface area.

- Photovoltaic glass (PV glass) is a technology that enables the conversion of light into electricity. To do so, the glass incorporates transparent semiconductor-based photovoltaic cells, which are also known as solar cells. The cells are sandwiched between two sheets of glass.

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Nicolas Salas Leon

These photovoltaic glass filter ultraviolet radiation (up to 99%) and infrared radiation (up to 95%), so in addition to generating electricity and thermally isolating the building, they protect from possible harmful radiation and generate interesting financial returns.

Nicolas Salas Leon

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Bodega de Salas & Centro de reinsercion del Embalse de Orellana

Nicolas Salas Leon

DB HS HEALTH SAFETY

Nicolas Salas Leon

PART IV

- Roof: Composition from top to bottom.

- Growing medium with 2mm filter membrane.

- Compact floor with 4mm roof barrier.

- Reused and chopped tire - 85% tire / 15% grave.

- 4mm sheet based water proof membrane that envelops the above layers

and separate it from the concrete ceiling.

- 4mm sheet based water proof membrane that envelops the concrete

ceiling as the first layer (inflatable membrane used to project the concrete).

- Sprayed concrete 250mm.

- Ø12mm - #230mm reinforced bars in between the first and second layer of

the sparayed concrete. This also is welded to the columns metal structure.

- Fachade:

- Doble glazing sandwich with photovoltaic cells and

high reflective layer in between.

- Structure cross section for the bubble part - 100x220mm

- Brushed steal frame for glass supports.

- Floor: Composition from top to bottom.

- Polished concrete surface.

- Expansion steel joint 20x65mm.

- Poured concrete 350mm.

- Reinforced bars Ø16mm - #230mm.

• HS 2 Waste material storage

- Waste tanks: They are located at the (-)1 level next to the bottler. They are filled automatically by the waste in the selection table and have a capacity of 1,500L with dimentions of 3.5x1.2m Ø2.5m. Total capacity: 3,000L. Organic waste will be used to make natural compost for sale or to use it in the vineyard.

Bodega de Salas & Centro de reinsercion del Embalse de Orellana

• HS 1 Protection against humidity conditions

• HS 3 Interior air ventilation requirements

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- Pasive wax hydraulic system in the skylights for natural ventilation.

- Inside the cold room there that has to be hermetic in order to not lose heat and will have an independent air ventilation filtering.

- Meeting rooms and offices themes will also use the pasive skylight system as well as the rest of the production areas that requieres ventilation such as the fermentation tanks.

- Car and truck parking are naturally ventilated as they are open to the exterior.

Nicolas Salas Leon

Nicolas Salas Leon

• HS 4 Water supply Caudal instantáneo mínimo de agua fría (water flow)

Caudal instantáneo mínimo de ACS (wáter flow)

[dm3/s]

[dm3/s]

Lavamanos

0,05

0,03

Lavabo (Sink, washbasin)

0,10

0,065

Ducha (shower)

0,20

0,10

Bañera de 1,40 m o más (bathtub)

0,30

0,20

Bañera de menos de 1,40 m 0,20

0,15

Bidé (bidet)

0,10

0,065

Inodoro con cisterna (toilet tank)

0,10

-

Inodoro con fluxor (high flow 1,25 toilet)

-

Urinarios con grifo temporizado

0,15

-

Urinarios con cisterna (c/u)

0,04

-

Nicolas Salas Leon

Bodega de Salas & Centro de reinsercion del Embalse de Orellana

Tipo de aparato

Fregadero doméstico (kitchen 0,20 sink)

0,10

• HS 5 Water evacuation

- Porous water pipes: Inside the layer of recycled tires there will be a circuit of steel porous pipes of Ø125mm that enables water filtering inside of it from the exterior and reroute it to the interior of columns that are hollowed in order to hide the services inside of it. Rain water is used in toilets and in the cold room. When it is not needed, a sensor will close the valve and reroute the water to the exterior.

- Waste water evacuation: Water used in bathrooms will be rerouted to the general sewer.

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DB SU ACCESIBILITY AND SAFETY CONDITIONS FOR USERS

Nicolas Salas Leon

PART V

â&#x20AC;˘ Safety conditions - Handrails

At the end of the pasarela, there is a open space enclosed by a balustrade that envolves the perimeter of it in orther to prevent any risk from the user to fall infront of the facade or to affect at any point the green roof.

This area is used as a mirador to the landscape as it has a huge potential for tourism and apreciating nature.

- Staircase funel: As the stair is wider than 1.1m and the space does not require a lift, it will have a handrail on both sides of it at a hight of 900mm or 950mm.

- Spiral starcase: Handrail at the external side of it at a hight of 900mm or 950mm.

- Front facade terrace: Handrail at the external side of the terrace at a hight of 950mm to prevent from falling to the ramp that gives access to the bottle storage.

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Nicolas Salas Leon

The effect is to create a boundary line between the visitor and the private area where they are not mean to walk on. Structuraly, it will hold the person without a problem, but the reason for separatin the user from the skylight is to reduce the risk of falling or damaging the window system.

Bodega de Salas & Centro de reinsercion del Embalse de Orellana

- Roof: The accisible pasarela on the roof for visitors to observate the landscape will have a barrier that is 270mm at highest and 90mm at the lowest.

Composed by metal posts that are 270x32mm with a span of 1.5m connected together with a thin chain.

Nicolas Salas Leon

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Bodega de Salas & Centro de reinsercion del Embalse de Orellana

Nicolas Salas Leon

- Floor composed slab: The final texture will be a polished concrete but the expansion joint will also behave as an anti-slip texture. It is offset outside the concrete by 5mm to 8mm.

Nicolas Salas Leon

â&#x20AC;˘ Safety conditions - Floor finishes materials

- Staircase funel: The steps edge will consist in a similar expansion joint but this ones are just for an anti-slip purpose.

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Nicolas Salas Leon

Bodega de Salas & Centro de reinsercion del Embalse de Orellana

- Front facade and top terrace: Wood planks separated by 1.5cm will allow water to run through the gravel underneath and be spreaded around the soil.

Same texture and finishing for the roof terraze.

Nicolas Salas Leon

• Stairs and ramps

- Staircase: -Rise: 170mm -Run: 250mm

-Width: Top 1650mm; Bottom 3550mm -Handrail: Both sides at 950mm -Number of steps: 13 + landing -Pitch: 34°

Nicolas Salas Leon

Bodega de Salas & Centro de reinsercion del Embalse de Orellana

- Vehicle ramp access to bottle storage: -Pitch: 15.64° • Accessibilitry

-Accessibility in the outside spaces: These spaces are difficult for disabled visitors as the natural landscape terrain is very abrupt around the building. However, thought the pasarelas and internal spaces, there will be no problem for them as everything is flat.

- Accessibility in the inside spaces and circulations: The access for disable people in wheelchairs has to be done through the (-1) level.

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DB HR BASIC NOISE PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS

Nicolas Salas Leon

PART VI

â&#x20AC;˘ Noise protection

In general, the noise picks in a winecellar are at the arrival of the grape and when filling up the barrels and the press. Otherwise, the space is very quiet.

- Facade: It is composed of 3 main layers: Glass-Photovoltaic and mirror-Glass.

Also, there is not much noise on the exterior as vines are worked by hand during most of the growing period and harvest by hand in most areas that are too steep for trucks to pass through. Harvest happens onces a year.

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Nicolas Salas Leon

- Walls: The concrete wall will absorb most of the noise and projected to the exterior soil.

Bodega de Salas & Centro de reinsercion del Embalse de Orellana

- Ceiling: As the ceiling is composed by bubbles, the noise will be absorbed and passed to the recycled tires layer. The different hights of the bubbles allows to noise to be canceled by bouncing between the spheres.

Nicolas Salas Leon

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Bodega de Salas & Centro de reinsercion del Embalse de Orellana

Nicolas Salas Leon

Nicolas Salas Leon

44 Bodega de Salas & Centro de reinsercion del Embalse de Orellana

Nicolas Salas Leon

Nicolas Salas Leon

Bodega del Embalse de Orellana

Nicolas Salas Leon

Bodega de Salas & Centro de reinsercion del Embalse de Orellana

Enologic and research center of Orellana dam.

Technical booklet

Project: Wine cellar in the dam of Orellana, Extremadura

Architectural thesis 2019 Nicolas Salas Leon Rafael IĂąiguez 45